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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to

Commission File Number: 001-31566
PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)  
Delaware
42-1547151
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
239 Washington StreetJersey CityNew Jersey07302
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(City)(State)
(Zip Code)
(732) 590-9200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol
Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common
PFS
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    NO  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    NO  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated Filer☐
Non-Accelerated Filer☐Smaller Reporting Company☐
Emerging Growth Company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ý
As of April 19, 2024 there were 83,209,012 shares issued and 75,984,175 shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, including 56,149 shares held by the First Savings Bank Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan not otherwise considered outstanding under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
1


PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
 
Item Number
Page Number
1
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023
Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
2
3
4
1
1A.
2
3
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
4
5
6
Exhibits



2

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks$158,306 $180,241 
Short-term investments46 14 
Total cash and cash equivalents158,352 180,255 
Available for sale debt securities, at fair value1,666,306 1,690,112 
Held to maturity debt securities, net (fair value of $341,459 as of March 31, 2024 and $352,601 as of December 31, 2023)
354,671 363,080 
Equity securities, at fair value1,341 1,270 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock77,750 79,217 
Loans10,842,707 10,873,701 
Less allowance for credit losses106,429 107,200 
Net loans10,736,278 10,766,501 
Foreclosed assets, net11,324 11,651 
Banking premises and equipment, net69,487 70,998 
Accrued interest receivable58,677 58,966 
Intangible assets457,239 457,942 
Bank-owned life insurance243,513 243,050 
Other assets295,980 287,768 
Total assets$14,130,918 $14,210,810 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits:
Demand deposits$7,905,961 $8,020,889 
Savings deposits1,160,951 1,175,683 
Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more223,639 218,549 
Other time deposits808,341 877,393 
Total deposits10,098,892 10,292,514 
Mortgage escrow deposits43,881 36,838 
Borrowed funds2,058,098 1,970,033 
Subordinated debentures10,744 10,695 
Other liabilities224,141 210,134 
Total liabilities12,435,756 12,520,214 
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
— — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 83,209,012 shares issued and 75,928,193 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 75,537,186 outstanding as of December 31, 2023
832 832 
Additional paid-in capital990,582 989,058 
Retained earnings988,480 974,542 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(151,585)(141,115)
Treasury stock(129,062)(127,825)
Unallocated common stock held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan(4,085)(4,896)
Common stock acquired by deferred compensation plans(2,546)(2,694)
Deferred compensation plans2,546 2,694 
Total stockholders’ equity1,695,162 1,690,596 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$14,130,918 $14,210,810 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
3


PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Consolidated Statements of Income
Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands, except per share data)
 
Three months ended March 31,
20242023
Interest and dividend income:
Real estate secured loans$107,456 $95,988 
Commercial loans36,100 28,683 
Consumer loans4,523 4,242 
Available for sale debt securities, equity securities and Federal Home Loan Bank stock12,330 11,430 
Held to maturity debt securities2,268 2,368 
Deposits, Federal funds sold and other short-term investments1,182 845 
Total interest and dividend income163,859 143,556 
Interest expense:
Deposits52,534 27,510 
Borrowed funds17,383 7,476 
Subordinated debt272 246 
Total interest expense70,189 35,232 
Net interest income93,670 108,324 
Provision charge for credit losses186 6,001 
Net interest income after provision charge for credit losses93,484 102,323 
Non-interest income:
Fees5,912 6,387 
Wealth management income7,488 6,915 
Insurance agency income4,793 4,102 
Bank-owned life insurance1,817 1,484 
Net loss on securities transactions(1)(5)
Other income798 3,269 
Total non-interest income20,807 22,152 
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits40,048 38,737 
Net occupancy expense8,520 8,410 
Data processing expense6,783 5,508 
FDIC insurance2,272 1,937 
Amortization of intangibles705 762 
Advertising and promotion expense966 1,232 
Provision charge (benefit) for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures(506)739 
Merger-related expenses2,202 1,100 
Other operating expenses10,331 11,060 
Total non-interest expense71,321 69,485 
Income before income tax expense42,970 54,990 
Income tax expense10,888 14,454 
Net income$32,082 $40,536 
Basic earnings per share$0.43 $0.54 
Weighted average basic shares outstanding75,260,029 74,645,336 
Diluted earnings per share$0.43 $0.54 
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding75,275,660 74,702,527 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4


PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Three months ended March 31,
20242023
Net income$32,082 $40,536 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt securities:
Net unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period(9,957)20,864 
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income— — 
Total(9,957)20,864 
Unrealized gains and losses on derivatives:
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period3,385 (616)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income(3,069)(3,080)
Total316 (3,696)
Amortization related to post-retirement obligations(829)(269)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income(10,470)16,899 
Total comprehensive income$21,612 $57,435 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5


PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Three months ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
For the three months ended March 31, 2023
COMMON STOCKADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITALRETAINED EARNINGSACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOMETREASURYSTOCKUNALLOCATED ESOP SHARESCOMMON STOCK ACQUIRED BY DEFERRED COMP PLANSDEFERRED COMPENSATION PLANSTOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Balance as of December 31, 2022$832 $981,138 $918,158 $(165,045)$(127,154)$(10,226)$(3,427)$3,427 $1,597,703 
Net income— — 40,536 — — — — — 40,536 
Other comprehensive income net of tax— — — 16,899 — — — — 16,899 
Cash dividends paid— — (18,594)— — — — — (18,594)
Cumulative effect of adopting Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2022-02, net of tax— — 433 — — — — — 433 
Distributions from deferred comp plans— 47 — — — — 138 (138)47 
Purchase of employee restricted shares to fund statutory tax withholding— — — — (1,667)— — — (1,667)
Stock option exercises— (217)— — 1,007 — — — 790 
Allocation of ESOP shares— 244 — — — 812 — — 1,056 
Allocation of Stock Award Plan ("SAP") shares— 2,833 — — — — — — 2,833 
Treasury shares issued due to acquisition— — — — — — — — — 
Allocation of stock options— 44 — — — — — — 44 
Balance as of March 31, 2023$832 $984,089 $940,533 $(148,146)$(127,814)$(9,414)$(3,289)$3,289 $1,640,080 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Three months ended March 31, 2024 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
For the three months ended March 31, 2024
COMMON STOCKADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITALRETAINED EARNINGSACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSSTREASURY STOCKUNALLOCATED ESOP SHARESCOMMON STOCK ACQUIRED BY DEFERRED COMP PLANSDEFERRED COMPENSATION PLANSTOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Balance as of December 31, 2023832 989,058 974,542 (141,115)(127,825)(4,896)(2,694)2,694 1,690,596 
Net income— — 32,082 — — — — — 32,082 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — (10,470)— — — — (10,470)
Cash dividends paid— — (18,144)— — — — — (18,144)
Distributions from deferred comp plans— 33 — — — — 148 (148)33 
Purchase of employee restricted shares to fund statutory tax withholding— — — — (1,237)— — — (1,237)
Stock option exercises— — — — — — — — — 
Allocation of ESOP shares— (58)— — — 811 — — 753 
Allocation of SAP shares— 1,521 — — — — — — 1,521 
Allocation of stock options— 28 — — — — — — 28 
Balance as of March 31, 2024$832 $990,582 $988,480 $(151,585)$(129,062)$(4,085)$(2,546)$2,546 $1,695,162 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6


PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Three months ended March 31,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$32,082 $40,536 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of intangibles2,801 3,044 
Provision charge for credit losses on loans and securities186 6,001 
Provision (benefit) charge for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures(506)739 
Deferred tax expense4,419 357 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets2,627 2,628 
Income on Bank-owned life insurance(1,817)(1,484)
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities1,824 1,824 
Accretion of net deferred loan fees(1,866)(2,739)
Amortization of premiums on purchased loans, net50 48 
Originations of loans held for sale(2,169)(6,776)
Proceeds from sales of loans originated for sale645 9,377 
ESOP expense753 1,056 
Allocation of stock award expense1,521 2,833 
Allocation of stock option expense28 44 
Net gain on sale of loans (45)(778)
Net loss on securities transactions1 5 
Net gain on sale of premises and equipment— (62)
Net gain on sale of foreclosed assets(42)(2,280)
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable289 (137)
(Increase) decrease in other assets(13,379)40,019 
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities14,007 (36,189)
Net cash provided by operating activities41,409 58,066 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net decrease in loans34,378 14,278 
Purchases of loans— (1,026)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets98 2,946 
Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of held to maturity debt securities13,983 12,164 
Purchases of investment securities held to maturity(5,743)(6,006)
Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of available for sale debt securities40,891 43,081 
Purchases of available for sale debt securities(30,775)(34,802)
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock28,792 70,285 
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock(27,325)(82,252)
BOLI claim benefits received820 1,397 
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment— 62 
Purchases of premises and equipment(536)(613)
Net cash provided by investing activities54,583 19,514 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net decrease in deposits(193,622)(265,667)
Increase in mortgage escrow deposits7,043 7,455 
Cash dividends paid to stockholders(18,144)(18,594)
7

Three months ended March 31,
20242023
Purchase of employee restricted shares to fund statutory tax withholding(1,237)(1,667)
Stock options exercised— 790 
Proceeds from long-term borrowings— 482,445 
Payments on long-term borrowings— (13,500)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings88,065 (221,497)
Net cash used in financing activities(117,895)(30,235)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(21,903)47,345 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period180,185 186,438 
Restricted cash at beginning of period70 70 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period180,255 186,508 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period158,282 233,783 
Restricted cash at end of period70 70 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$158,352 $233,853 
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest on deposits and borrowings$65,911 $33,809 
Income taxes$1,317 $960 
Transfer of loans receivable to foreclosed assets$— $12,285 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
8


PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
A. Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Provident Financial Services, Inc. (the "Company") and its wholly owned subsidiary, Provident Bank (the “Bank") and its wholly owned subsidiaries.
In preparing the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition and the consolidated statements of income for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The allowance for credit losses is a material estimate that is particularly susceptible to near-term change.
The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for all of 2024.
Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additionally, certain comparative balances on the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2023 Annual Report to Stockholders on Form 10-K.
B. Earnings Per Share
The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three months ended March 31,
20242023
Net
Income		Weighted
Average
Common
Shares
Outstanding		Per
Share
Amount 		Net
Income		Weighted
Average
Common
Shares
Outstanding 		Per
Share
Amount
Net income$32,082 $40,536 
Basic earnings per share:
Income available to common stockholders$32,082 75,260,029 $0.43 $40,536 74,645,336 $0.54 
Dilutive shares15,631 57,191 
Diluted earnings per share:
Income available to common stockholders$32,082 75,275,660 $0.43 $40,536 74,702,527 $0.54 
Anti-dilutive stock options and awards as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, totaling 1.4 million shares and 984,877 shares, respectively, were excluded from the earnings per share calculations.
C. Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
The impact of utilizing the current expected credit loss ("CECL") methodology approach to calculate the allowance for credit losses on loans is significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecast utilized. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility to the Company’s reported earnings. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase in specific reserves on impaired credits, partially offset by an improved
9

economic forecast for the current quarter within our CECL model, led to a provisions charge for credit losses, while a decrease in loans approved and awaiting closing led to a provision benefit for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures. See Notes 4 and 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the allowance for credit losses on loans and off-balance sheet credit exposures.
D. Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of identifiable net assets acquired through purchase acquisitions. In accordance with GAAP, goodwill with an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment between annual measurement dates. Goodwill is analyzed for impairment at least once a year. As permitted by GAAP, the Company prepares a qualitative assessment in determining whether goodwill may be impaired. The factors considered in the assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and overall financial performance of the Company, among others. The Company completed its most recent annual goodwill impairment test as of July 1, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, the Company performed a qualitative analysis of goodwill and concluded that no triggering events were identified and therefore a test for impairment between annual tests was not required.
Note 2. Business Combinations
Lakeland Bancorp, Inc. - Merger Agreement
The Company received all regulatory approvals for its previously announced acquisition of Lakeland Bancorp, Inc. ("Lakeland"), subject to certain conditions and commitments (referred to as the “Regulatory Conditions”). The Regulatory Conditions include, but are not limited to: prior to consummation of the merger, the Company must complete the issuance of $200.0 million of Tier 2 qualifying subordinated debt; for three years following consummation of the merger, Provident Bank must maintain regulatory capital ratios at or above 8.50% for Tier 1 Leverage Capital and 11.25% for Total Risk Based Capital; and Provident Bank must maintain its commercial real estate concentrations (as a percent of capital and reserves) at levels at or below those forecasted in the pro forma financial projections that Provident Bank submitted to the FDIC. In connection with the acquisition, Lakeland Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lakeland, will be merged with and into Provident Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. As of March 31, 2024, Lakeland had, on a consolidated basis, $11.00 billion in total assets, which included $8.30 billion in total loans and $8.50 billion in total deposits, and operated 67 full-service banking offices in New Jersey. Under the merger agreement, each share of Lakeland common stock will be exchanged for 0.8319 shares, or approximately 55 million shares, of the Company's common stock plus cash in lieu of fractional shares. Provident stockholders will own approximately 58% and Lakeland shareholders will own approximately 42% of the combined company.
Merger-related expenses, which is a separate line in non-interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income, totaled $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Note 3. Investment Securities
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $1.67 billion and $354.7 million in available for sale debt securities and held to maturity debt securities, respectively. Many factors, including lack of liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities, variations in pricing information, changes in interest rates, regulatory actions, changes in the business environment or any changes in the competitive marketplace, could have an adverse effect on the Company’s investment portfolio. The total number of available for sale and held to maturity debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 totaled 954, compared with 808 as of December 31, 2023. The increase in the number of securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 was due to higher current market interest rates compared to rates as of December 31, 2023.
10

Available for Sale Debt Securities
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and the fair value for available for sale debt securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
Amortized
cost		Gross
unrealized
gains		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value
U.S. Treasury obligations$276,863 — (24,476)252,387 
Agency-guaranteed obligations22,392 1,126 — 23,518 
Mortgage-backed securities1,446,173 119 (186,411)1,259,881 
Asset-backed securities29,978 702 (163)30,517 
State and municipal obligations64,211 — (8,446)55,765 
Corporate obligations50,425 — (6,187)44,238 
$1,890,042 1,947 (225,683)1,666,306 
December 31, 2023
Amortized
cost		Gross
unrealized
gains		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value
U.S. Treasury obligations$276,618 — (22,740)253,878 
Agency-guaranteed obligations26,310 1,188 — 27,498 
Mortgage-backed securities1,462,159 377 (176,927)1,285,609 
Asset-backed securities31,809 594 (168)32,235 
State and municipal obligations64,454 — (7,870)56,584 
Corporate obligations40,448 — (6,140)34,308 
$1,901,798 2,159 (213,845)1,690,112 
Accrued interest on available for sale debt securities, which is excluded from the amortized cost, totaled $5.2 million and $4.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is presented within total accrued interest receivable on the consolidated statements of financial condition.
The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale debt securities as of March 31, 2024, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call privileges of the issuer.
March 31, 2024
Amortized
cost		Fair
value
Due in one year or less$— — 
Due after one year through five years296,461 271,230 
Due after five years through ten years63,414 58,083 
Due after ten years83,994 77,112 
$443,869 406,425 
Investments which pay principal on a periodic basis totaling $1.50 billion at amortized cost and $1.31 billion at fair value are excluded from the table above as their expected lives are likely to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, no securities were sold or called from the available for sale debt securities portfolio.
The number of available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 totaled 434, compared with 436 as of December 31, 2023. All securities in an unrealized loss position were investment grade as of March 31, 2024.
11

Held to Maturity Debt Securities
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and the estimated fair value for held to maturity debt securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
Amortized
cost		Gross
unrealized
gains 		Gross
unrealized
losses 		Fair
value
Treasury Obligations$5,767 — — 5,767 
Agency-sponsored obligations11,058 — (633)10,425 
State and municipal obligations331,292 93 (12,315)319,070 
Corporate obligations6,571 — (374)6,197 
$354,688 93 (13,322)341,459 
December 31, 2023
Amortized
cost		Gross
unrealized
gains 		Gross
unrealized
losses 		Fair
value
Treasury Obligations$5,146 1 — 5,147 
Agency-sponsored obligations11,058 — (652)10,406 
State and municipal obligations339,816 244 (9,700)330,360 
Corporate obligations7,091 — (403)6,688 
$363,111 245 (10,755)352,601 
The allowance for credit losses on held to maturity debt securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $17,000 and $31,000, respectively, and are excluded from amortized cost in the tables above.
Accrued interest on held to maturity debt securities, which is excluded from the amortized cost, totaled $2.4 million and $3.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is presented within total accrued interest receivable on the consolidated statements of financial condition.
The Company generally purchases securities for long-term investment purposes, and differences between amortized cost and fair value may fluctuate during the investment period. There were no sales of securities from the held to maturity debt securities portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, proceeds from calls on securities in the held to maturity debt securities portfolio totaled $1.2 million. As to these calls on securities, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no gross gains and gross losses of $1,200. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, proceeds from calls on securities in the held to maturity debt securities portfolio totaled $3.1 million with no gross gains and gross losses of $5,000.
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities in the held to maturity debt securities portfolio as of March 31, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call privileges of the issuer.
March 31, 2024
Amortized
cost		Fair
value
Due in one year or less$34,403 34,210 
Due after one year through five years181,204 177,227 
Due after five years through ten years114,993 110,547 
Due after ten years24,088 19,475 
$354,688 341,459 
The allowance for credit losses on held to maturity debt securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $17,000 and $31,000, respectively, and are excluded from amortized cost in the table above.
12

The number of held to maturity debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 totaled 520, compared with 372 as of December 31, 2023. The increase in the number of securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024, was due to higher current market interest rates compared to rates as of December 31, 2023.
Management measures expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities on a collective basis by security type. Management classifies the held to maturity debt securities portfolio into the following security types:
•Agency-sponsored obligations;
•Mortgage-backed securities;
•State and municipal obligations; and
•Corporate obligations.

All of the agency obligations held by the Company are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The majority of the state and municipal and corporate obligations carry credit ratings from the rating agencies as of March 31, 2024, that were no lower than an A rating and the Company had no securities rated BBB or worse by Moody’s Investors Service.
Credit Quality Indicators. The following table provides the amortized cost of held to maturity debt securities by credit rating as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
Total PortfolioAAAAAABBBNot RatedTotal
Treasury obligations$5,767 — — — — 5,767 
Agency-sponsored obligations11,058 — — — — 11,058 
State and municipal obligations45,728 252,805 30,211 — 2,548 331,292 
Corporate obligations503 2,497 3,546 — 25 6,571 
$63,056 255,302 33,757 — 2,573 354,688 
December 31, 2023
Total PortfolioAAAAAABBBNot RatedTotal
Treasury obligations$5,146 — — — — 5,146 
Agency-sponsored obligations$11,058 — — — — 11,058 
State and municipal obligations43,749 156,438 137,231 — 2,398 339,816 
Corporate obligations504 2,510 4,052 — 25 7,091 
$60,457 158,948 141,283 — 2,423 363,111 
Credit quality indicators are metrics that provide information regarding the relative credit risk of debt securities. As of March 31, 2024, the held to maturity debt securities portfolio was comprised of 18% rated AAA, 72% rated AA, 10% rated A, and less than 1% either below an A rating or not rated by Moody’s Investors Service or Standard and Poor’s. Securities not explicitly rated, such as U.S. Government mortgage-backed securities, were grouped where possible under the credit rating of the issuer of the security.
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Note 4. Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Loans receivable as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Mortgage loans:
Commercial$4,353,799 4,512,411 
Multi-family1,825,888 1,812,500 
Construction711,417 653,246 
Residential1,152,185 1,164,956 
Total mortgage loans8,043,289 8,143,113 
Commercial loans2,514,550 2,442,406 
Consumer loans295,125 299,164 
Total gross loans10,852,964 10,884,683 
Premiums on purchased loans1,439 1,474 
Net deferred fees(11,696)(12,456)
Total loans$10,842,707 10,873,701 
Accrued interest on loans totaled $51.0 million and $50.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is presented within total accrued interest receivable on the consolidated statements of financial condition.
The following tables summarize the aging of loans receivable by portfolio segment and class of loans (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
30-59 Days60-89 DaysNon-accrualRecorded
Investment
> 90 days
accruing		Total Past
Due 		CurrentTotal Loans
Receivable		Non-accrual loans with no related allowance
Mortgage loans:
Commercial$5,052 1,148 5,938 — 12,138 4,341,661 4,353,799 5,938 
Multi-family12,069 — 2,355 — 14,424 1,811,464 1,825,888 2,355 
Construction— — — — — 711,417 711,417 — 
Residential3,568 804 1,647 — 6,019 1,146,166 1,152,185 1,647 
Total mortgage loans20,689 1,952 9,940 — 32,581 8,010,708 8,043,289 9,940 
Commercial loans4,493 332 36,892 — 41,717 2,472,833 2,514,550 25,989 
Consumer loans803 755 760 — 2,318 292,807 295,125 760 
Total gross loans$25,985 3,039 47,592 — 76,616 10,776,348 10,852,964 36,689 
December 31, 2023
30-59 Days60-89 DaysNon-accrualRecorded
Investment
> 90 days
accruing		Total Past
Due 		CurrentTotal Loans ReceivableNon-accrual loans with no related allowance
Mortgage loans:
Commercial$825 — 5,151 — 5,976 4,506,435 4,512,411 5,151 
Multi-family3,815 1,635 744 — 6,194 1,806,306 1,812,500 744 
Construction— — 771 — 771 652,475 653,246 771 
Residential3,429 1,208 853 — 5,490 1,159,466 1,164,956 853 
Total mortgage loans8,069 2,843 7,519 — 18,431 8,124,682 8,143,113 7,519 
Commercial loans998 198 41,487 — 42,683 2,399,723 2,442,406 36,281 
Consumer loans875 275 633 — 1,783 297,381 299,164 633 
Total gross loans$9,942 3,316 49,639 — 62,897 10,821,786 10,884,683 44,433 
Included in loans receivable are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The principal amounts of these non-accrual loans were $47.6 million and $49.6 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Included in non-accrual loans were $4.6 million and $23.2 million of
14

loans which were less than 90 days past due as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. There were no loans 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,Mortgage loansCommercial loansConsumer loansTotal
2024
Balance at beginning of period$73,407 31,475 2,318 107,200 
Provision charge (benefit) to operations(7,580)7,924 (144)200 
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off63 687 145 895 
Loans charged-off— (1,794)(72)(1,866)
Balance at end of period$65,890 38,292 2,247 106,429 
2023
Balance at beginning of period$58,218 27,413 2,392 88,023 
Cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2022-02(510)(43)(41)(594)
Provision charge to operations6,212 (308)96 6,000 
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off3 168 85 256 
Loans charged-off(728)(113)(86)(927)
Balance at end of period$63,195 27,117 2,446 92,758 
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a $200,000 provision for credit losses on loans, compared to a $6.0 million provision for the same period in 2023. The decrease in the provision for credit losses was largely a function of the period-over-period improvement in the economic forecast within our CECL model. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net charge-offs totaled $971,000.
The following table summarizes the Company's gross charge-offs recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024 by year of origination (in thousands):
20242023202220212020Prior to 2020Total Loans
Commercial loans$— — — — 1,606 188 1,794 
Consumer loans (1)
6 — — — — 1 7 
Total gross loans$6 — — — 1,606 189 1,801 
(1) During the three months ended March 31, 2024, charge-offs on consumer overdraft accounts totaled $65,000, which are not included in the table above.
The Company defines a loan individually evaluated for impairment as a non-homogeneous loan greater than $1.0 million, for which, based on current information, it is not expected to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. As of March 31, 2024, there were 14 loans totaling $40.1 million, compared to 17 loans totaling $42.3 million as of December 31, 2023, that were individually evaluated for impairment.
A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of loans deemed collateral-dependent, the Company estimates expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less any selling costs. A specific allocation of the allowance for credit losses is established for each collateral-dependent loan with a carrying balance greater than the collateral’s fair value, less estimated selling costs. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less estimated selling costs. The Company uses third-party appraisals to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral in its analysis of collateral-dependent loans. A third-party appraisal is generally ordered as soon as a loan is designated as a collateral-dependent loan and updated annually, or more frequently if required. At each fiscal quarter end, if a loan is designated as collateral-dependent and the third-party appraisal has not yet been received, an evaluation of all available collateral is made using the best information available at the time, including rent rolls, borrower financial statements and tax returns, prior appraisals, management’s knowledge of the market and collateral, and
15

internally prepared collateral valuations based upon market assumptions regarding vacancy and capitalization rates, each as and where applicable. Once the appraisal is received and reviewed, the specific reserves are adjusted to reflect the appraised value and evaluated for charge offs. The Company believes there have been no significant time lapses resulting from this process.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had collateral-dependent loans with fair values of $20.9 million and $24.1 million secured by commercial real estate, respectively.
Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearance, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. In addition, management attempts to obtain additional collateral or guarantor support when modifying such loans. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process shows the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest. Non-accruing restructured loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible.
The following illustrates the most common loan modifications by loan classes offered by the Company that are required to be disclosed pursuant to the requirements of ASU 2022-02:
Loan ClassesModification types
CommercialTerm extension, interest rate reductions, payment delay, or combination thereof. These modifications extend the term of the loan, lower the payment amount, or otherwise delay payments during a defined period for the purpose of providing borrowers additional time to return to compliance with the original loan term.
Residential Mortgage/ Home EquityForbearance period greater than six months. These modifications require reduced or no payments during the forbearance period for the purpose of providing borrowers additional time to return to compliance with the original loan term, as well as term extension and rate adjustment. These modifications extend the term of the loan and provides for an adjustment to the interest rate, which reduces the monthly payment requirement.
Direct InstallmentTerm extension greater than three months. These modifications extend the term of the loan, which reduces the monthly payment requirement.
In 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a modified retrospective basis. Upon adoption of this guidance, the Company no longer establishes a specific reserve for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Instead, these loan modifications are included in their respective pool and a projected loss rate is applied to the current loan balance to arrive at the quantitative and qualitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses. As a result, the Company recorded a $594,000 reduction to the allowance for credit losses, which resulted in a $433,000 cumulative effect adjustment increase, net of tax, to retained earnings.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024 (in thousands):
For the three months ended March 31, 2024
Term ExtensionInterest Rate IncreaseInterest Rate Reduction and Term Extension% of Total Class of Loans and Leases
Commercial loans$— 7,187 — 0.29 %
Total gross loans$— 7,187 — 0.07 %

The following table presents the financial effect of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024 (in thousands):
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Weighted-Average Months of Term ExtensionWeighted-Average Rate Increase
Commercial loans02.00 %
Total gross loans02.00 %
There were no loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that subsequently defaulted.
The following table presents the aging analysis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Current30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90 days or more Past DueNon- AccrualTotal
Commercial loans$7,187 — — — — 7,187 
Total gross loans$7,187 — — — — 7,187 
As allowed by CECL, loans acquired by the Company that experience more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality after origination, are classified as Purchased Credit Deteriorated ("PCD") loans. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of PCD loans totaled $160.6 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $1.6 million. The balance of PCD loans as of December 31, 2023 was $165.1 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $1.7 million.
Management utilizes an internal nine-point risk rating system to summarize its loan portfolio into categories with similar risk characteristics. Loans deemed to be “acceptable quality” are rated 1 through 4, with a rating of 1 established for loans with minimal risk. Loans that are deemed to be of “questionable quality” are rated 5 (watch) or 6 (special mention). Loans with adverse classifications (substandard, doubtful or loss) are rated 7, 8 or 9, respectively. Commercial mortgage, commercial, multi-family and construction loans are rated individually, and each lending officer is responsible for risk rating loans in their portfolio. These risk ratings are then reviewed by the department manager and/or the Chief Lending Officer and by the Credit Department. The risk ratings are also reviewed periodically through loan review examinations which are currently performed by an independent third-party. Reports by the independent third-party are presented to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
The following table summarizes the Company's gross loans held for investment by year of origination and internally assigned credit grades as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Gross Loans Held for Investment by Year of Origination
as of March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020Prior to 2020Revolving LoansRevolving loans to term loansTotal Loans
Commercial Mortgage
Special mention$— — 10,807 3,027 27,854 10,185 — — 51,873 
Substandard — — — — — 12,917 434 — 13,351 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— — 10,807 3,027 27,854 23,102 434 — 65,224 
Pass/Watch82,138 467,001 871,658 714,153 440,477 1,614,950 85,869 12,329 4,288,575 
Total Commercial Mortgage$82,138 467,001 882,465 717,180 468,331 1,638,052 86,303 12,329 4,353,799 
Multi-family
Special mention$— — — 7,672 — — 7,672 
Substandard— 1,630 — — — 726 — — 2,356 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
17

Gross Loans Held for Investment by Year of Origination
as of March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020Prior to 2020Revolving LoansRevolving loans to term loansTotal Loans
Total criticized and classified— 1,630 — — — 8,398 — — 10,028 
Pass/Watch38,438 268,370 171,591 237,488 290,644 802,436 5,299 1,594 1,815,860 
Total Multi-Family$38,438 270,000 171,591 237,488 290,644 810,834 5,299 1,594 1,825,888 
Construction
Special mention$— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— — — — — — — — — 
Pass/Watch9,304 70,036 359,176 189,056 68,915 14,930 — 711,417 
Total Construction$9,304 70,036 359,176 189,056 68,915 14,930 — — 711,417 
Residential (1)
Special mention$— — — — — 804 — — 804 
Substandard— — — — — 1,647 — — 1,647 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— — — — — 2,451 — — 2,451 
Pass/Watch9,893 95,128 139,459 197,548 192,575 515,131 — — 1,149,734 
Total Residential$9,893 95,128 139,459 197,548 192,575 517,582 — — 1,152,185 
Total Mortgage
Special mention$— — 10,807 3,027 27,854 18,661 — — 60,349 
Substandard— 1,630 — — — 15,290 434 — 17,354 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— 1,630 10,807 3,027 27,854 33,951 434 — 77,703 
Pass/Watch139,773 900,535 1,541,884 1,338,245 992,611 2,947,447 91,168 13,923 7,965,586 
Total Mortgage$139,773 902,165 1,552,691 1,341,272 1,020,465 2,981,398 91,602 13,923 8,043,289 
Commercial
Special mention$— — 19,412 2,029 1,323 28,836 12,208 1,810 65,618 
Substandard440 183 16,153 20,520 11,123 13,125 19,402 496 81,442 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified440 183 35,565 22,549 12,446 41,961 31,610 2,306 147,060 
Pass/Watch97,203 304,171 328,052 258,014 160,269 627,503 506,347 85,931 2,367,490 
Total Commercial$97,643 304,354 363,617 280,563 172,715 669,464 537,957 88,237 2,514,550 
Consumer (1)
Special mention$— — — — — 50 662 43 755 
Substandard— — — — — 282 388 90 760 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
18

Gross Loans Held for Investment by Year of Origination
as of March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020Prior to 2020Revolving LoansRevolving loans to term loansTotal Loans
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— — — — — 332 1,050 133 1,515 
Pass/Watch3,566 27,452 25,786 17,943 3,397 95,074 107,303 13,089 293,610 
Total Consumer$3,566 27,452 25,786 17,943 3,397 95,406 108,353 13,222 295,125 
Total Loans
Special mention$— — 30,219 5,056 29,177 47,547 12,870 1,853 126,722 
Substandard440 1,813 16,153 20,520 11,123 28,697 20,224 586 99,556 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified440 1,813 46,372 25,576 40,300 76,244 33,094 2,439 226,278 
Pass/Watch240,542 1,232,158 1,895,722 1,614,202 1,156,277 3,670,024 704,818 112,943 10,626,686 
Total Gross Loans$240,982 1,233,971 1,942,094 1,639,778 1,196,577 3,746,268 737,912 115,382 10,852,964 
(1) For residential and consumer loans, the Company assigns internal credit grades based on the delinquency status of each loan.

Gross Loans Held for Investment by Year of Origination
as of December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving LoansRevolving loans to term loansTotal Loans
Commercial Mortgage
Special mention$— 10,926 3,048 28,511 10,558 24,598 4,500 — 82,141 
Substandard482 — — — — 9,599 434 — 10,515 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified482 10,926 3,048 28,511 10,558 34,197 4,934 — 92,656 
Pass/Watch628,709 883,149 677,464 470,257 470,971 1,166,205 90,760 32,240 4,419,755 
Total Commercial Mortgage$629,191 894,075 680,512 498,768 481,529 1,200,402 95,694 32,240 4,512,411 
Multi-family
Special mention$— — — — — 9,500 — — 9,500 
Substandard3,253 — — — — — — — 3,253 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified3,253 — — — — 9,500 — — 12,753 
Pass/Watch340,842 172,244 184,136 271,878 230,456 592,470 6,115 1,606 1,799,747 
Total Multi-Family$344,095 172,244 184,136 271,878 230,456 601,970 6,115 1,606 1,812,500 
Construction
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Gross Loans Held for Investment by Year of Origination
as of December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving LoansRevolving loans to term loansTotal Loans
Special mention$— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 771 — — 771 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— — — — — 771 — — 771 
Pass/Watch41,209 342,890 185,034 68,603 1,339 13,400 — — 652,475 
Total Construction$41,209 342,890 185,034 68,603 1,339 14,171 — — 653,246 
Residential (1)
Special mention$— — — — — 1,208 — — 1,208 
Substandard— — — — — 1,285 — — 1,285 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— — — — — 2,493 — — 2,493 
Pass/Watch96,259 141,683 200,111 195,964 89,654 438,792 — — 1,162,463 
Total Residential$96,259 141,683 200,111 195,964 89,654 441,285 — — 1,164,956 
Total Mortgage
Special mention$— 10,926 3,048 28,511 10,558 35,306 4,500 — 92,849 
Substandard3,735 — — — — 11,655 434 — 15,824 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified3,735 10,926 3,048 28,511 10,558 46,961 4,934 — 108,673 
Pass/Watch1,107,019 1,539,966 1,246,745 1,006,702 792,420 2,210,867 96,875 33,846 8,034,440 
Total Mortgage$1,110,754 1,550,892 1,249,793 1,035,213 802,978 2,257,828 101,809 33,846 8,143,113 
Commercial
Special mention$450 17,008 9,338 2,409 152 22,752 23,333 687 76,129 
Substandard686 — 20,262 9,235 2,034 11,313 10,736 508 54,774 
Doubtful7,011 — — — — — — — 7,011 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified8,147 17,008 29,600 11,644 2,186 34,065 34,069 1,195 137,914 
Pass/Watch358,578 316,015 318,416 131,647 143,677 493,191 471,962 71,006 2,304,492 
Total Commercial$366,725 333,023 348,016 143,291 145,863 527,256 506,031 72,201 2,442,406 
Consumer (1)
Special mention$— — — — — 97 178 — 275 
Substandard— — — — 9 146 389 90 634 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified— — — — 9 243 567 90 909 
20

Gross Loans Held for Investment by Year of Origination
as of December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving LoansRevolving loans to term loansTotal Loans
Pass/Watch29,083 26,098 18,101 3,459 14,375 85,383 108,431 13,325 298,255 
Total Consumer$29,083 26,098 18,101 3,459 14,384 85,626 108,998 13,415 299,164 
Total Loans
Special mention$450 27,934 12,386 30,920 10,710 58,155 28,011 687 169,253 
Substandard4,421 — 20,262 9,235 2,043 23,114 11,559 598 71,232 
Doubtful7,011 — — — — — — — 7,011 
Loss— — — — — — — — — 
Total criticized and classified11,882 27,934 32,648 40,155 12,753 81,269 39,570 1,285 247,496 
Pass/Watch1,494,680 1,882,079 1,583,262 1,141,808 950,472 2,789,441 677,268 118,177 10,637,187 
Total Gross Loans $1,506,562 1,910,013 1,615,910 1,181,963 963,225 2,870,710 716,838 119,462 10,884,683 
(1) For residential and consumer loans, the Company assigns internal credit grades based on the delinquency status of each loan.
Note 5. Deposits
Deposits as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Savings$1,160,951 1,175,683 
Money market2,330,894 2,325,364 
NOW (1)
3,520,794 3,492,184 
Non-interest bearing2,054,273 2,203,341 
Certificates of deposit (2)
1,031,980 1,095,942 
Total deposits$10,098,892 10,292,514 
(1) Our insured cash sweep ("ICS") product totaled $512.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and are located within NOW accounts.
(2) Time deposits equal to or in excess of $250,000, were $223.6 million and $218.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Additionally, our reciprocal Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service ("CDARS") product totaled $3.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Within total deposits, brokered deposits totaled $75.7 million as of March 31, 2024.
Note 6. Borrowed Funds
Borrowed funds as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Securities sold under repurchase agreements$89,241 72,161 
FHLB line of credit149,000 148,000 
FHLB advances1,269,857 1,299,872 
FRB BTFP Borrowing550,000 450,000 
Total Borrowed Funds$2,058,098 1,970,033 
Total long-term borrowings totaled $305.2 million and $534.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, while total short-term borrowings totaled $1.75 billion and $1.44 billion for the same periods.
As of March 31, 2024, FHLB advances were at fixed rates and mature between April 2024 and September 2027, and as of December 31, 2023, FHLB advances were at fixed rates with maturities between January 2024 and September 2027. These advances are secured by loans receivable under a blanket collateral agreement.
21

In March 2023, the Bank established a facility under the Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP" or "Program") with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York ("FRBNY"). As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $550.0 million of advances under the Program. We elected to participate in the BTFP due to significant cost savings compared to other wholesale funding sources. The funding was used to pay off existing wholesale borrowings. The ability to prepay at any time without penalty also enhances our ability to manage our interest rate risk position.
Scheduled maturities of FHLB advances and lines of credit as of March 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
 2024
Due in one year or less$1,363,650 
Due after one year through two years272,762 
Due after two years through three years282,445 
Due after three years through four years50,000 
Thereafter— 
Total FHLB advances and overnight borrowings$1,968,857 
Scheduled maturities of securities sold under repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
 2024
Due in one year or less$89,241 
Thereafter— 
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements$89,241 
The following tables set forth certain information as to borrowed funds for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Maximum
balance
Average
balance
Weighted average
interest rate
March 31, 2024
Securities sold under repurchase agreements$89,241 77,928 1.86 %
FHLB overnight borrowings149,000 61,648 5.45 
FHLB advances1,299,867 1,262,614 3.11 
FRB BTFP Borrowing550,000 538,791 4.77 
December 31, 2023
Securities sold under repurchase agreements$99,669 87,227 1.69 %
FHLB overnight borrowings500,000 262,289 5.29 
FHLB advances1,592,277 1,282,124 3.14 
FRB BTFP Borrowing450,000 4,932 4.83 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements include arrangements with deposit customers of the Bank to sweep funds into short-term borrowings. The Bank uses available for sale debt securities to pledge as collateral for the repurchase agreements. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of securities pledged to secure public deposits, repurchase agreements, lines of credit and FHLB advances, totaled $993.4 million and $924.6 million, respectively. Additionally, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the par value of securities pledged to secure the BTFP was $580.0 million and $589.1 million.
Interest expense on borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was $17.4 million and $7.5 million, respectively.

Note 7. Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The Bank has a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering its full-time employees who had attained age 21 with at least one year of service as of April 1, 2003. The pension plan was frozen on April 1, 2003. All participants in the Plan are 100% vested. The pension plan’s assets are invested in investment funds and group annuity contracts currently managed by the Principal Financial Group and Allmerica Financial.
22

In addition to pension benefits, certain health care and life insurance benefits are currently made available to certain of the Bank’s retired employees. The costs of such benefits are accrued based on actuarial assumptions from the date of hire to the date the employee is fully eligible to receive the benefits. Effective January 1, 2003, eligibility for retiree health care benefits was frozen as to new entrants, and benefits were eliminated for employees with less than ten years of service as of December 31, 2002. Effective January 1, 2007, eligibility for retiree life insurance benefits was frozen as to new entrants and retiree life insurance benefits were eliminated for employees with less than ten years of service as of December 31, 2006.
Net periodic (benefit) increase cost for pension benefits and other post-retirement benefits for the three and three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, includes the following components (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
Pension benefitsOther post-retirement benefits
2024202320242023
Service cost$— — 3 3 
Interest cost289 302 135 150 
Expected return on plan assets(778)(706)— — 
Amortization of prior service cost— — — — 
Amortization of the net loss (gain)14 177 (530)(533)
Net periodic (decrease) increase in benefit cost$(475)(227)(392)(380)
In its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company previously disclosed that it does not expect to contribute to the pension plan in 2024. As of March 31, 2024, no contributions have been made to the pension plan.
The changes in net periodic benefit cost for pension benefits and other post-retirement benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were calculated using the January 1, 2023 pension and other post-retirement benefits actuarial valuations.
Note 8. Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted This Year
In June 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”. The amendments in this ASU clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. In addition, this update introduces new disclosure requirements to provide information about the contractual sales restriction including the nature and remaining duration of the restriction. This update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption in the interim period permitted. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis; with no impact to the consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The amendments in this ASU require improved annual income tax disclosures surrounding rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. This update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption in the interim period permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.


Note 9. Contingencies
The Company is involved in various litigation and claims arising in the normal course of business. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from such litigation and claims are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
23

On May 2, 2022, a purported class action complaint was filed against the Bank in the Superior Court of New Jersey, which alleges that the Bank wrongfully assessed overdraft fees related to debit card transactions. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing as well as an alleged violation of the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act. Plaintiff seeks to represent a proposed class of all the Bank's checking account customers who were charged overdraft fees on transactions that were authorized into a positive available balance. Plaintiff seeks unspecified damages, costs, attorneys’ fees, pre-judgment interest, an injunction, and other relief as the Court deems proper for the plaintiff and the proposed class. The Bank denies the allegations and is vigorously defending the matter. The parties had an initial mediation meeting on October 20, 2023, and the matter remains pending.
Although the Bank is vigorously defending the litigation, the ultimate outcome of this litigation, such as whether the likelihood of loss is remote, reasonably possible, or probable, or if and when the reasonably possible range of loss is estimable, is inherently uncertain. As a result of this analysis, a $3.0 million charge was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023 for estimated contingent litigation reserves.

Note 10. Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
Management analyzes the Company's exposure to credit losses for both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet activity using a consistent methodology for the quantitative framework as well as the qualitative framework. For purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures, the exposure that may default includes an estimated drawdown of unused credit based on historical credit utilization factors and current loss factors.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a $506,000 provision benefit for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $739,000 provision charge for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures. The $1.2 million decrease in the provision for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to a decrease in loans approved and awaiting closing.
The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures was $2.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and $3.4 million as of December 31, 2023, and is included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Note 11. Fair Value Measurements
The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The determination of fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. Where quoted market values in an active market are not readily available, management utilizes various valuation techniques to estimate fair value.
Fair value is an estimate of the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. However, in many instances fair value estimates may not be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and may not be realized in an immediate sale of the financial instrument.
GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1:
Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2:
Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
Level 3:
Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).
A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
24

The valuation techniques are based upon the unpaid principal balance only, and exclude any accrued interest or dividends at the measurement date. Interest income and expense and dividend income are recorded within the consolidated statements of income depending on the nature of the instrument using the effective interest method based on acquired discount or premium.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The valuation techniques described below were used to measure fair value of financial instruments in the table below on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Available for Sale Debt Securities, at Fair Value
For available for sale debt securities, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The majority of the Company’s securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange, but are traded in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third-party data service providers or dealer market participants with whom the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing, a Level 2 input, is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities to benchmark to comparable securities. The Company evaluates the quality of Level 2 matrix pricing through comparison to similar assets with greater liquidity and evaluation of projected cash flows. As management is responsible for the determination of fair value, it performs quarterly analyses on the prices received from the pricing service to determine whether the prices are reasonable estimates of fair value. Specifically, management compares the prices received from the pricing service to a secondary pricing source. Additionally, management compares changes in the reported market values and returns to relevant market indices to test the reasonableness of the reported prices. The Company’s internal price verification procedures and review of fair value methodology documentation provided by independent pricing services has generally not resulted in an adjustment in the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company also holds debt instruments issued by the U.S. government that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
Equity Securities at Fair Value
The Company holds equity securities that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs.
Derivatives
The Company records all derivatives on the statements of financial condition at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. The Company has interest rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualified borrowers in a loan related transaction which, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. As such, all changes in fair value of these derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.
The Company also uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, and which satisfy hedge accounting requirements, involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. These derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash outflows associated with FHLBNY borrowings and brokered demand deposits. The change in the fair value of these derivatives is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the forecasted transactions affect earnings.
The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The valuation techniques described below were used to estimate fair value of financial instruments measured on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Collateral-Dependent Impaired Loans
25

For loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The Company measures the fair value of collateral underlying impaired loans primarily through obtaining independent appraisals that rely upon quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets. These appraisals include adjustments, on an individual case-by-case basis, to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, as well as adjustments for estimated costs to sell between 5% and 10%. Management classifies these loans as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Foreclosed Assets
Assets acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure are carried at fair value, less estimated selling costs, which range between 5% and 10%. Fair value is generally based on independent appraisals that rely upon quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets. These appraisals include adjustments, on an individual case basis, to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, and are classified as Level 3. When an asset is acquired, the excess of the loan balance over fair value less estimated selling costs is charged to the allowance for credit losses. A reserve for foreclosed assets may be established to provide for possible write-downs and selling costs that occur subsequent to foreclosure. Foreclosed assets are carried net of the related reserve. Operating results from real estate owned, including rental income, operating expenses, and gains and losses realized from the sales of real estate owned, are recorded as incurred.
There were no changes to the valuation techniques for fair value measurements as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
26

The following tables present the assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of financial condition at their fair values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
March 31, 2024Quoted Prices in Active  Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury obligations$252,387 252,387 — — 
Agency-guaranteed obligations23,518 — 23,518 — 
Mortgage-backed securities1,259,881 — 1,259,881 — 
Asset-backed securities30,517 — 30,517 — 
State and municipal obligations55,765 — 55,765 — 
Corporate obligations44,238 — 44,238 — 
Total available for sale debt securities1,666,306 252,387 1,413,919 — 
Equity securities1,341 1,341 — — 
Derivative assets114,427 — 114,427 — 
$1,782,074 253,728 1,528,346 — 
Derivative liabilities$101,256 — 101,256 — 
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral$20,854 — — 20,854 
Foreclosed assets11,324 — — 11,324 
$32,178 — — 32,178 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
December 31, 2023Quoted Prices in Active  Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury obligations$253,878 253,878 — — 
Agency-guaranteed obligations27,498 — 27,498 — 
Mortgage-backed securities1,285,609 — 1,285,609 — 
Asset-backed securities32,235 — 32,235 — 
State and municipal obligations56,584 — 56,584 — 
Corporate obligations34,308 — 34,308 — 
Total available for sale debt securities1,690,112 253,878 1,436,234 — 
Equity Securities1,270 1,270 — — 
Derivative assets101,754 — 101,754 — 
$1,793,136 255,148 1,537,988 — 
Derivative liabilities$88,835 — 88,835 — 
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral$24,139 — — 24,139 
Foreclosed assets11,651 — — 11,651 
$35,790 — — 35,790 
27

There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Other Fair Value Disclosures
The Company is required to disclose estimated fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities on- and off- the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for those assets and liabilities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and short-term investments, the carrying amount approximates fair value. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $70,000 was included in cash and cash equivalents, representing cash collateral pledged to secure loan level swaps and risk participation agreements.
Held to Maturity Debt Securities
For held to maturity debt securities, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The majority of the Company’s securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange, but are traded in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third party data service providers or dealer market participants with whom the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing, a Level 2 input, is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities to benchmark to comparable securities. Management evaluates the quality of Level 2 matrix pricing through comparison to similar assets with greater liquidity and evaluation of projected cash flows. As management is responsible for the determination of fair value, it performs quarterly analyses on the prices received from the pricing service to determine whether the prices are reasonable estimates of fair value. Specifically, management compares the prices received from the pricing service to a secondary pricing source. Additionally, management compares changes in the reported market values and returns to relevant market indices to test the reasonableness of the reported prices. The Company’s internal price verification procedures and review of fair value methodology documentation provided by independent pricing services has generally not resulted in adjustment in the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company also holds debt instruments issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored agencies that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York ("FHLBNY") Stock
The carrying value of FHLBNY stock is its cost. The fair value of FHLBNY stock is based on redemption at par value. The Company classifies the estimated fair value as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
Loans
Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial mortgage, residential mortgage, commercial, construction and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable-rate interest terms and into performing and non-performing categories. The fair value of performing loans was estimated using a combination of techniques, including a discounted cash flow model that utilizes a discount rate that reflects the Company’s current pricing for loans with similar characteristics and remaining maturity, adjusted by an amount for estimated credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date (i.e. exit pricing). The rates take into account the expected yield curve, as well as an adjustment for prepayment risk, when applicable. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its loan portfolio as Level 3.
The fair value for significant non-performing loans was based on recent external appraisals of collateral securing such loans, adjusted for the timing of anticipated cash flows. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its non-performing loan portfolio as Level 3.
Deposits
The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposits and savings deposits, was equal to the amount payable on demand and classified as Level 1. The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit was based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate was estimated using the Company’s current rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. The Company classifies the estimated fair value of its certificates of deposit portfolio as Level 2.
28

Borrowed Funds
The fair value of borrowed funds was estimated by discounting future cash flows using rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities and is classified by the Company as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit
The fair value of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit was estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The Company classifies these commitments as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.
Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include goodwill and other intangibles, deferred tax assets and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.
The following tables present the Company’s financial instruments at their carrying and fair values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Fair values are presented by level within the fair value hierarchy.
29

Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2024 Using:
(Dollars in thousands)Carrying valueFair valueQuoted Prices in Active  Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$158,352 158,352 158,352 — — 
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury obligations252,387 252,387 252,387 — — 
Agency-guaranteed obligations23,518 23,518 — 23,518 — 
Mortgage-backed securities1,259,881 1,259,881 — 1,259,881 — 
Asset-backed securities30,517 30,517 — 30,517 — 
State and municipal obligations55,765 55,765 — 55,765 — 
Corporate obligations44,238 44,238 — 44,238 — 
Total available for sale debt securities$1,666,306 1,666,306 252,387 1,413,919 — 
Held to maturity debt securities, net of allowance for credit losses:
U.S. Treasury obligations5,767 5,767 5,767 — — 
Agency-sponsored obligations11,058 10,425 10,425 — — 
State and municipal obligations331,278 319,070 — 319,070 — 
Corporate obligations6,568 6,197 — 6,197 — 
Total held to maturity debt securities, net of allowance for credit losses$354,671 341,459 16,192 325,267 — 
FHLBNY stock77,750 77,750 77,750 — — 
Equity Securities1,341 1,341 1,341 — — 
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses10,736,278 10,343,089 — — 10,343,089 
Derivative assets114,427 114,427 — 114,427 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits other than certificates of deposits$9,066,912 9,066,912 9,066,912 — — 
Certificates of deposit1,031,980 1,029,290 — 1,029,290 — 
Total deposits$10,098,892 10,096,202 9,066,912 1,029,290 — 
Borrowings2,058,098 2,043,545 — 2,043,545 — 
Subordinated debentures10,744 9,504 — 9,504 — 
Derivative liabilities101,256 101,256 — 101,256 — 
30

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023 Using:
(Dollars in thousands)Carrying valueFair valueQuoted Prices in Active  Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$180,255 180,255 180,255 — — 
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury obligations253,878 253,878 253,878 — — 
Agency-guaranteed obligations27,498 27,498 — 27,498 — 
Mortgage-backed securities1,285,609 1,285,609 — 1,285,609 — 
Asset-backed securities32,235 32,235 — 32,235 — 
State and municipal obligations56,584 56,584 — 56,584 — 
Corporate obligations34,308 34,308 — 34,308 — 
Total available for sale debt securities$1,690,112 1,690,112 253,878 1,436,234 — 
Held to maturity debt securities:
U.S. Treasury obligations$5,146 5,147 5,147 — — 
Agency-sponsored obligations$11,058 10,406 10,406 — — 
State and municipal obligations339,789 330,360 — 330,360 — 
Corporate obligations7,087 6,688 — 6,688 — 
Total held to maturity debt securities$363,080 352,601 15,553 337,048 — 
FHLBNY stock79,217 79,217 79,217 — — 
Equity Securities1,270 1,270 1,270 — — 
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses10,766,501 10,437,204 — — 10,437,204 
Derivative assets101,754 101,754 — 101,754 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits other than certificates of deposits$9,196,572 9,196,572 9,196,572 — — 
Certificates of deposit1,095,942 1,093,125 — 1,093,125 — 
Total deposits$10,292,514 10,289,697 9,196,572 1,093,125 — 
Borrowings1,970,033 1,960,174 — 1,960,174 — 
Subordinated debentures10,695 9,198 — 9,198 — 
Derivative liabilities88,835 88,835 — 88,835 — 

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Note 12. Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The following table presents the components of other comprehensive (loss), both gross and net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20242023
Before
Tax		Tax
Effect		After
Tax		Before
Tax		Tax
Effect		After
Tax
Components of Other Comprehensive Income:
Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt securities:
Net unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period$(13,547)3,590 (9,957)28,588 (7,724)20,864 
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income— — — — — — 
Total(13,547)3,590 (9,957)28,588 (7,724)20,864 
Unrealized gains and losses on derivatives (cash flow hedges):
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period4,605 (1,220)3,385(845)229 (616)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in net income(4,175)1,106 (3,069)(4,220)1,140 (3,080)
Total430 (114)316 (5,065)1,369 (3,696)
Amortization related to post-retirement obligations(1,128)299 (829)(369)100 (269)
Total other comprehensive (loss) $(14,245)3,775 (10,470)23,154 (6,255)16,899 
The following tables present the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) by Component, net of tax
for the three months ended March 31,
20242023
Unrealized
Losses on
Available for Sale Debt Securities		Post- Retirement
Obligations		Unrealized Gains on Derivatives (cash flow hedges)Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss)		Unrealized Losses on
 Available for Sale Debt Securities		Post-  Retirement
Obligations		Unrealized Gains on Derivatives (cash flow hedges)Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss)
Balance as of
December 31,		$(154,489)3,937 9,437 (141,115)(186,614)1,572 19,997 (165,045)
Current - period other comprehensive (loss) income(9,957)(829)316 (10,470)20,864 (269)(3,696)16,899 
Balance as of March 31,$(164,446)3,108 9,753 (151,585)(165,750)1,303 16,301 (148,146)

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The following tables summarize the reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) to the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Reclassifications From Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income ("AOCI")
Amount reclassified from AOCI for the three months ended March 31,Affected line item in the Consolidated
Statement of Income
20242023
Details of AOCI:
Available for sale debt securities:
Realized net gains on the sale of securities available for sale$— — Net gain on securities transactions
— — Income tax expense
$— — Net of tax
Cash flow hedges:
Realized net gains on derivatives$(4,175)(4,220)Interest expense
1,106 1,140 Income tax expense
$(3,069)(3,080)
Post-retirement obligations:
Amortization of actuarial gains$(516)(356)
Compensation and employee benefits (1)
137 96 Income tax expense
Total reclassification$(379)(260)Net of tax
Total reclassifications$(3,448)(3,340)Net of tax
(1) This item is included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 7. Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost.

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Note 13. Derivative and Hedging Activities
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through the management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities.
Non-designated Hedges. Derivatives not designated in qualifying hedging relationships are not speculative and result from a service the Company provides to certain qualified commercial borrowers in loan related transactions which, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The Company may execute interest rate swaps with qualified commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. The interest rate swap agreement which the Company executes with the commercial borrower is collateralized by the borrower's commercial real estate financed by the Company. As the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting and these interest rate swaps do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 152 and 154 loan related interest rate swaps with aggregate notional amounts of $2.23 billion and $2.30 billion, respectively.
The Company periodically enters into risk participation agreements ("RPAs"), with the Company functioning as either the lead institution, or as a participant when another company is the lead institution on a commercial loan. These RPAs are entered into to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with these loan participation agreements. Under the RPAs, the Company will either receive or make a payment in the event the borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its risk participation counterparties, and has posted collateral of $70,000 against the potential risk of default by the borrower under these agreements. For March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 12 credit derivatives, respectively, with aggregate notional amounts of $188.4 million and $142.8 million, respectively, from participations in interest rate swaps as part of these loan participation arrangements. As of March 31, 2024, the asset and liability positions of these fair value credit derivatives totaled $9,000 and $5,000, respectively, compared to $17,000 and $8,000, respectively, as of December 31, 2023.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk. The Company’s objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add stability to interest expense and to manage exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable payment amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. 
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash outflows associated with FHLBNY borrowings.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s borrowings or demand deposits. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $11.1 million will be reclassified as a reduction to interest expense. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 7 outstanding interest rate derivatives with an aggregate notional amount of $375.0 million that were each designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk, compared to 9 outstanding interest rate derivatives with an aggregate notional amount of $455.0 million, as of December 31, 2023.
Assets and liabilities relating to certain financial instruments, including derivatives, may be eligible for offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and/or subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements. The Company does not offset asset and liabilities under such arrangements in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The tables below present a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s financial instruments that are eligible for offset in the Consolidated Statements of Condition as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands).
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Fair Values of Derivative Instruments as of March 31, 2024
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
Notional AmountConsolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Fair
 value (2)
Notional AmountConsolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Fair
 value (2)
Derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate products$1,117,124 Other assets$103,206 1,117,124 Other liabilities103,309 
Credit contracts46,151 Other assets9 142,260 Other liabilities5 
Total derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument103,215 103,314 
Derivatives designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate products375,000 Other assets14,237 — Other liabilities— 
Total gross derivative amounts recognized on the balance sheet117,452 103,314 
Gross amounts offset on the balance sheet— — 
Net derivative amounts presented on the balance sheet$117,452 103,314 
Gross amounts not offset on the balance sheet:
Financial instruments - institutional counterparties$— — 
Cash collateral - institutional counterparties (1)
116,220 — 
Net derivatives not offset$1,232 103,314 
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Fair Values of Derivative Instruments as of December 31, 2023
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
Notional AmountConsolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Fair
 value (2)
Notional AmountConsolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Fair
 value (2)
Derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate products$1,152,200 Other assets$89,261 $1,152,200 Other liabilities89,461 
Credit contracts46,359 Other assets17 96,462 Other liabilities8 
Total derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument89,278 89,469 
Derivatives designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate products330,000 Other assets15,886 125,000 Other liabilities1,365 
Total gross derivative amounts recognized on the balance sheet105,164 90,834 
Gross amounts offset on the balance sheet— — 
Net derivative amounts presented on the balance sheet$105,164 90,834 
Gross amounts not offset on the balance sheet:
Financial instruments - institutional counterparties$— — 
Cash collateral - institutional counterparties (1)
101,328 — 
Net derivatives not offset$3,836 90,834 
(1) Cash collateral represents the amount that cannot be used to offset our derivative assets and liabilities from a gross basis to a net basis in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. The application of the cash collateral cannot reduce the net derivative position below zero. Therefore, excess cash collateral, if any, is not reflected above.
(2) The fair values related to interest rate products in the above net derivative tables show the total value of assets and liabilities, which include accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands).
Gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives for the three months ended
Consolidated Statements of IncomeMarch 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate productsOther income$96 (74)
Credit contractsOther income(3)3 
Total$93 (71)
Derivatives designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate productsInterest (benefit) expense$(4,175)(4,219)
Total$(4,175)(4,219)
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The Company has agreements with certain of its dealer counterparties which contain a provision that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including a default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be deemed in default on its derivative obligations. In addition, the Company has agreements with certain of its dealer counterparties which contain a provision that if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, then the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and the Company would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements.
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had four dealer counterparties and the Company was in a net asset position with respect to all of its counterparties.
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Note 14. Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue from several business channels. The guidance in ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including interest income on loans and investments, which comprise the majority of the Company's revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the out-of-scope revenue related to financial instruments was 88.7% of the Company's total revenue, compared to 86.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. Revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of Topic 606, are components of non-interest income. These revenue streams are generally classified into three categories: wealth management revenue, insurance agency income and banking service charges and other fees.
The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20242023
Non-interest income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Wealth management fees$7,488 6,915 
Insurance agency income4,793 4,102 
Banking service charges and other fees:
Service charges on deposit accounts3,316 3,362 
Debit card and ATM fees688 706 
Total banking service charges and other fees4,004 4,068 
Total in-scope non-interest income16,285 15,085 
Total out-of-scope non-interest income4,522 7,067 
Total non-interest income$20,807 22,152 
Wealth management fee income represents fees earned from customers as consideration for asset management, investment advisory and trust services. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied monthly and the resulting fees are recognized monthly. The fee is generally based upon the average market value of the assets under management for the month and the applicable fee rate. The monthly accrual of wealth management fees is recorded in other assets on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Fees are received from the customer on a monthly basis. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. To a lesser extent, optional services such as tax return preparation and estate settlement are also available to existing customers. The Company’s performance obligation for these transaction-based services is generally satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at either a point in time when the service is completed, or in the case of estate settlement, over a relatively short period of time, as each service component is completed.
Insurance agency income, consisting of commissions and fees, is generally recognized as of the effective date of the insurance policy. Commission revenues related to installment billings are recognized on the invoice date. Subsequent commission adjustments are recognized upon the receipt of notification from insurance companies concerning matters necessitating such adjustments. Profit-sharing contingent commissions are recognized when determinable, which is generally when such commissions are received from insurance companies, or when the Company receives formal notification of the amount of such payments.
Service charges on deposit accounts include account analysis fees and other deposit-related fees. These fees are generally transaction-based, or time-based services. The Company's performance obligation for these services is generally satisfied, and revenue recognized, at the time the transaction is completed, or the service rendered. Fees for these services are generally received from the customer either at the time of transaction, or monthly. Debit card and ATM fees are generally transaction-based. Debit card revenue is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned when a customer's Company card is processed through a card payment network. ATM fees are largely generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM, or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. The Company's performance obligation for these services is satisfied when the service is rendered. Payment is generally received at the time of transaction or monthly.
Out-of-scope non-interest income primarily consists of Bank-owned life insurance and net fees on loan level interest rate swaps, along with gains and losses on the sale of loans and foreclosed real estate, loan prepayment fees and loan servicing fees. None of these revenue streams are subject to the requirements of Topic 606.
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Note 15. Leases
The following table represents the consolidated statements of financial condition classification of the Company’s right-of use-assets and lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
ClassificationMarch 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Lease Right-of-Use Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOther assets$55,506 56,907 
Lease Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilitiesOther liabilities$58,611 60,039 
The calculated amount of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the table above are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to present value the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Regarding the discount rate, Topic 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception based upon the term of the lease. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 was applied.
All of the leases in which the Company is the lessee are classified as operating leases and are primarily comprised of real estate properties for branches and administrative offices with terms extending through 2040.
As of March 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate for the Company's operating leases were 7.7 years and 2.71%, respectively.
The following tables represent lease costs and other lease information for the Company's operating leases. The variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31, 2024Three months ended March 31, 2023
Lease Costs
Operating lease cost $2,627 2,628 
Variable lease cost 785 880 
Total lease cost$3,412 3,508 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Three months ended March 31, 2024Three months ended March 31, 2023
Operating cash flows from operating leases$2,557 2,349 

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Future minimum payments for operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of March 31, 2024, were as follows (in thousands):
Operating leases
Twelve months ended:
Remainder of 2024$7,605 
20259,701 
20268,813 
20277,985 
20287,103 
Thereafter23,843 
Total future minimum lease payments65,050 
Amounts representing interest6,439 
Present value of net future minimum lease payments$58,611 

Item 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained herein are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by reference to a future period or periods, or by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “may,” “will,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” "project," "intend," “anticipate,” “continue,” or similar terms or variations on those terms, or the negative of those terms. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those set forth in Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and those related to the economic environment, particularly in the market areas in which the Company operates, competitive products and pricing, fiscal and monetary policies of the U.S. Government, the effects of the recent turmoil in the banking industry, changes in accounting policies and practices that may be adopted by the regulatory agencies and the accounting standards setters, changes in government regulations affecting financial institutions, including regulatory fees and capital requirements, changes in prevailing interest rates, potential goodwill impairment, acquisitions and the integration of acquired businesses, credit risk management, asset-liability management, the financial and securities markets, the availability of and costs associated with sources of liquidity, the ability to complete, or any delays in completing, the pending merger between the Company and Lakeland, any failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the pending merger transaction when expected or at all, certain restrictions during the pendency of the transaction that may impact the Company’s ability to pursue certain business opportunities or strategic transactions; the possibility that the pending merger transaction may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of conditions imposed by regulators, unexpected conditions, factors or events, diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities; potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the completion of the merger and integration of the companies; and the impact of a potential shutdown of the federal government.
The Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements which speak only as of the date they are made. The Company advises readers that the factors listed above could affect the Company's financial performance and could cause the Company's actual results for future periods to differ materially from any opinions or statements expressed with respect to future periods in any current statements. The Company does not assume any duty, and does not undertake, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this statement.
Lakeland Bancorp, Inc. Merger Agreement
The Company received all regulatory approvals for its previously announced acquisition of Lakeland Bancorp, Inc. ("Lakeland"), subject to certain conditions and commitments (referred to as the “Regulatory Conditions”). The Regulatory Conditions include, but are not limited to: prior to consummation of the merger, the Company must complete the issuance of $200 million of Tier 2 qualifying subordinated debt; for three years following consummation of the merger, Provident Bank must maintain regulatory capital ratios at or above 8.50% for Tier 1 Leverage Capital and 11.25% for Total Risk Based Capital; and Provident Bank must maintain its commercial real estate concentrations (as a percent of capital and reserves) at levels at or below those forecasted in the pro forma financial projections that Provident Bank submitted to the FDIC. In connection with
40

the acquisition, Lakeland Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lakeland, will be merged with and into Provident Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. As of March 31, 2024, Lakeland had, on a consolidated basis, $11.00 billion in total assets, which included $8.30 billion in total loans and $8.50 billion in total deposits, and operated 67 full-service banking offices in New Jersey. Under the merger agreement, each share of Lakeland common stock will be exchanged for 0.8319 shares, or approximately 55 million shares, of the Company's common stock plus cash in lieu of fractional shares. Provident stockholders will own approximately 58% and Lakeland shareholders will own approximately 42% of the combined company. The combined company is expected to have approximately $25 billion in total assets, $19.2 billion in total loans and $18.6 billion in total deposits.
Merger-related expenses, which is a separate line in non-interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income, totaled $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Company considers certain accounting policies to be critically important to the fair presentation of its financial condition and results of operations. These policies require management to make complex judgments on matters which by their nature have elements of uncertainty. The sensitivity of the Company’s consolidated financial statements to these critical accounting policies, and the assumptions and estimates applied, could have a significant impact on its financial condition and results of operations. These assumptions, estimates and judgments made by management can be influenced by a number of factors, including the general economic environment. The Company has identified the allowance for credit losses on loans as a critical accounting policy.
The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that reflects management’s evaluation of the current expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. The Company maintains the allowance for credit losses through provisions for credit losses that are charged to income. Charge-offs against the allowance for credit losses are taken on loans where management determines that the collection of loan principal and interest is unlikely. Recoveries made on loans that have been charged-off are credited to the allowance for credit losses.
The calculation of the allowance for credit losses is a critical accounting policy of the Company. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast. Historical credit loss experience for both the Company and peers provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, where observed credit losses are converted to probability of default rate (“PDR”) curves through the use of segment-specific loss given default (“LGD”) risk factors that convert default rates to loss severity based on industry-level, observed relationships between the two variables for each segment, primarily due to the nature of the underlying collateral. These risk factors were assessed for reasonableness against the Company’s own loss experience and adjusted in certain cases when the relationship between the Company’s historical default and loss severity deviate from that of the wider industry. The historical PDR curves, together with corresponding economic conditions, establish a quantitative relationship between economic conditions and loan performance through an economic cycle.
Using the historical relationship between economic conditions and loan performance, management’s expectation of future loan performance is incorporated using an externally developed economic forecast. This forecast is applied over a period that management has determined to be reasonable and supportable. Beyond the period over which management can develop or source a reasonable and supportable forecast, the model will revert to long-term average economic conditions using a straight-line, time-based methodology. The Company's current forecast period is six quarters, with a four-quarter reversion period to historical average macroeconomic factors. The Company's economic forecast is approved by the Company's ACL Committee.
The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis, with both a quantitative and qualitative analysis that is applied on a quarterly basis, when similar risk characteristics exist. The respective quantitative allowance for each loan segment is measured using an econometric, discounted PDR/LGD modeling methodology in which distinct, segment-specific multi-variate regression models are applied to an external economic forecast. Under the discounted cash flows methodology, expected credit losses are estimated over the effective life of the loans by measuring the difference between the net present value of modeled cash flows and amortized cost basis. Contractual cash flows over the contractual life of the loans are the basis for modeled cash flows, adjusted for modeled defaults and expected prepayments and discounted at the loan-level effective interest rate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless either of the following applies at the reporting date: management has a reasonable expectation that a modification will be executed with an individual borrower; or when an extension or renewal option is included in the original contract and is not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. Management will assess the likelihood of the option being exercised by the borrower and appropriately extend the maturity for modeling purposes.
The Company considers qualitative adjustments to credit loss estimates for information not already captured in the quantitative component of the loss estimation process. Qualitative factors are based on portfolio concentration levels, model imprecision,
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changes in industry conditions, changes in the Company’s loan review process, changes in the Company’s loan policies and procedures, and economic forecast uncertainty.
One of the most significant judgments involved in estimating the Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans relates to the macroeconomic forecasts used to estimate expected credit losses over the forecast period. As of March 31, 2024, the model incorporated Moody’s baseline economic forecast, as adjusted for qualitative factors, as well as an extensive review of classified loans and loans that were classified as impaired with a specific reserve assigned to those loans. For example, the commercial property price index used in the model has a higher proportion of office exposure relative to that of the Bank. This baseline outlook reflected a worsened economic forecast and related deterioration in the projected commercial property price index used in our CECL model. The Company made qualitative adjustments to the projected commercial real estate property price index, considering the differences in portfolio collateral composition versus the commercial property price index used in our CECL models. The allowance estimation process resulted in a total provision of $200,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and an overall coverage ratio of 98 basis points. Management believes the allowance for credit losses allocated to the commercial real estate non-owner occupied portfolio segment accurately represents the estimated inherent losses, factoring in the qualitative adjustment and other assumptions, including the selection of the baseline forecast within the model. If the Company used the unadjusted baseline outlooks for the commercial property price index over the expected lives of Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied and Owner-Occupied loan portfolios, the provision would have risen by approximately $6.2 million, leading to an overall coverage ratio of approximately 104 basis points.
Portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses. Management developed segments for estimating loss based on type of borrower and collateral which is generally based upon federal call report segmentation. The segments have been combined or sub-segmented as needed to ensure loans of similar risk profiles are appropriately pooled. As of March 31, 2024, the portfolio and class segments for the Company’s loan portfolio were:
•Mortgage Loans – Residential, Commercial Real Estate, Multi-Family and Construction
•Commercial Loans – Commercial Owner-Occupied and Commercial Non-Owner Occupied
•Consumer Loans – First Lien Home Equity and Other Consumer
The allowance for credit losses on loans individually evaluated for impairment is based upon loans that have been identified through the Company’s normal loan monitoring process. This process includes the review of delinquent and problem loans at the Company’s Delinquency, Credit, Credit Risk Management and Allowance Committees; or which may be identified through the Company’s loan review process. Generally, the Company only evaluates loans individually for impairment if the loan is non-accrual, non-homogeneous and the balance is greater than $1.0 million.
For all classes of loans deemed collateral-dependent, the Company estimates expected credit losses based on the fair value of the collateral less any selling costs. If the loan is not collateral dependent, the allowance for credit losses related to individually assessed loans is based on discounted expected cash flows using the loan’s initial effective interest rate.
For loans acquired that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since their origination are considered PCD loans. The Company evaluates acquired loans for deterioration in credit quality based on any of, but not limited to, the following: (1) non-accrual status; (2) modification designation; (3) risk ratings of special mention, substandard or doubtful; (4) watchlist credits; and (5) delinquency status, including loans that are current on acquisition date, but had been previously delinquent. At the acquisition date, an estimate of expected credit losses is made for groups of PCD loans with similar risk characteristics and individual PCD loans without similar risk characteristics. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the initial allowance for credit losses on PCD loans will increase or decrease based on future evaluations, with changes recognized in the provision for credit losses.
Management believes the primary risks inherent in the portfolio are a general decline in the economy, a decline in real estate market values, rising unemployment or a protracted period of elevated unemployment, increasing vacancy rates in commercial investment properties and possible increases in interest rates in the absence of economic improvement. Any one or a combination of these events may adversely affect borrowers’ ability to repay the loans, resulting in increased delinquencies, credit losses and higher levels of provisions. Management considers it important to maintain the ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total loans at an acceptable level given current and forecasted economic conditions, interest rates and the composition of the portfolio.
The CECL approach to calculate the allowance for credit losses on loans is significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecast utilized. Although management believes that the Company has established and maintained the allowance for credit losses at appropriate levels, additions may be necessary if future economic and other conditions differ substantially from the current operating
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environment and economic forecast. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis giving consideration to forecasted economic factors, historical loss experience and other factors. The model includes both quantitative and qualitative components. Such estimates and assumptions are adjusted when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods, and to the extent actual losses are higher than management estimates, additional provision for credit losses on loans could be required and could adversely affect our earnings or financial position in future periods. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the adequacy of the Company’s allowance for credit losses as an integral part of their examination process. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance or additional write-downs based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Although management uses the best information available, the level of the allowance for credit losses remains an estimate that is subject to significant judgment and short-term volatility.
Material changes to these and other relevant factors creates greater volatility to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility to the Company’s reported earnings. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the increase in provision was primarily attributable to an increase in specific reserves on impaired credits, partially offset by an improved economic forecast for the current quarter within our CECL model.
COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AS OF MARCH 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023
Total assets as of March 31, 2024 were $14.13 billion, a $79.9 million decrease from December 31, 2023. The decrease in total assets was primarily due to a $33.6 million decrease in total investments and a $31.0 million decrease in total loans.
The Company’s loan portfolio decreased $31.0 million to $10.84 billion as of March 31, 2024, from $10.87 billion as of December 31, 2023. The loan portfolio consists of the following:
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Mortgage loans:
Commercial$4,353,799 4,512,411 
Multi-family1,825,888 1,812,500 
Construction711,417 653,246 
Residential1,152,185 1,164,956 
Total mortgage loans8,043,289 8,143,113 
Commercial loans (1)
2,514,550 2,442,406 
Consumer loans295,125 299,164 
Total gross loans10,852,964 10,884,683 
Premiums on purchased loans1,439 1,474 
Net deferred fees(11,696)(12,456)
Total loans$10,842,707 10,873,701 
(1) Commercial loans consist of owner-occupied real estate and commercial & industrial loans.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the loan portfolio had net decreases of $158.6 million in commercial mortgage loans, $12.8 million in residential mortgage loans and $4.0 million in consumer loans, partially offset by net increases of $72.1 million in commercial loans, $58.2 million in construction loans and $13.4 million in multi-family loans. Commercial real estate, multi-family, commercial and construction loans represented 86.7% of the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2024, compared to 86.5% as of December 31, 2023.
The Bank’s lending activities, though concentrated in the communities surrounding its offices, extend predominantly throughout New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania and Nassau and Queens County, New York. This geographic concentration subjects the Company’s loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within these states. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses.
We consider our commercial real estate loans to be higher risk categories in our loan portfolio. These loans are particularly sensitive to economic conditions. As of March 31, 2024, our portfolio of commercial real estate loans, including multi-family and construction loans, totaled $6.89 billion, or 63.50% of total gross loans.
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The Company believes the CRE loans it originates are appropriately collateralized under its credit standards. Collateral properties include multi-family apartment buildings, warehouse/distribution buildings, shopping centers, office buildings, mixed-use buildings, hotels/motels, senior living, residential and commercial tract developments, and raw land or lots to be developed into single-family homes. The primary source of repayment on the permanent loan portion of these loans is generally expected to come from the cash flow stream of the underlying leases which are dependent on the successful operations of the respective tenants. The primary source of the repayment on the construction portfolio is dependent on the successful completion of the project and the related sale, permanent financing or lease of the real property collateral. As a result, the performance of these loans is generally impacted by fluctuations in collateral values, the ability of the borrower to obtain permanent financing, and, in the case of loans to residential builder/developers, volatility in consumer demand.
The table below summarizes the concentrations of CRE loans on a gross basis, not including any purchase accounting adjustments, based on the collateral securing the loans, as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

AmountPercentage of Total
Multi-family (1)
$2,289,230 33.2 %
Retail1,714,689 24.9 %
Industrial1,400,915 20.3 %
Office511,826 7.4 %
Mixed432,853 6.3 %
Special use property217,862 3.2 %
Hotel156,853 2.3 %
Residential140,030 2.0 %
Land33,144 0.5 %
Total CRE, multi-family and construction loans$6,897,402 100.0 %
(1) As of March 31, 2024, Multi-family CRE loans on New York City properties totaled $192.4 million. This portfolio constitutes only 1.8% of total loans and has an average loan size of $2.8 million. Approximately $118.0 million of these loans are collateralized by rent stabilized apartments and all are performing.
The determination of collateral value is critically important when financing real estate. As a result, obtaining current and objectively prepared appraisals is a major part of the underwriting process. The Company engages a variety of professional firms to supply appraisals, market studies and feasibility reports, environmental assessments and project site inspections to complement its internal resources to underwrite and monitor these credit exposures.
However, in periods of economic uncertainty where real estate market conditions may change rapidly, more current appraisals are obtained when warranted by conditions such as a borrower’s deteriorating financial condition, their possible inability to perform on the loan or other indicators of increasing risk of reliance on collateral value as the sole source of repayment of the loan. Annual appraisals are generally obtained for loans graded substandard or worse where real estate is a material portion of the collateral value and/or the income from the real estate or sale of the real estate is the primary source of debt service.
Appraisals are, in substantially all cases, reviewed by a third party to determine the reasonableness of the appraised value. The third-party reviewer will challenge whether or not the data used is appropriate and relevant, form an opinion as to the appropriateness of the appraisal methods and techniques used, and determine if overall the analysis and conclusions of the appraiser can be relied upon. Additionally, the third-party reviewer provides a detailed report of that analysis. Further review may be conducted by credit or lending teams, including the Bank’s commercial workout team as conditions warrant. These additional steps of review are undertaken to confirm that the underlying appraisal and the third-party analysis can be relied upon. If differences arise, management addresses those with the reviewer and determines an appropriate resolution in accordance with its lending policy. Both the appraisal process and the appraisal review process can be less reliable in establishing accurate collateral values during and following periods of economic weakness due to the lack of comparable sales and the limited availability of financing to support an active market of potential purchasers.
The table below summarizes the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio, including multi-family and construction loans as of March 31, 2024, as segregated by the geographic region in which the property is located (dollars in thousands):
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AmountPercentage of Total
New Jersey$3,714,820 53.9 %
Pennsylvania1,288,613 18.7 %
New York989,620 14.3 %
Other states904,350 13.1 %
Total commercial real estate loans$6,897,402 100.0 %
The Company participates in loans originated by other banks, including participations designated as Shared National Credits (“SNCs”). The Company’s gross commitments and outstanding balances as a participant in SNCs were $135.4 million and $53.8 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2024, compared to $140.5 million and $54.9 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. One SNC relationship, with an outstanding balance of $7.3 million (which represents approximately a 6% share of the total facility commitment) was 90 days or more delinquent as of March 31, 2024.
The Company had outstanding junior lien mortgages totaling $142.1 million as of March 31, 2024. Of this total, four loans totaling $507,000 were 90 days or more delinquent.
The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s non-performing assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Mortgage loans:
Commercial$5,938 5,151 
Multi-family2,355 744 
Construction— 771 
Residential1,647 853 
Total mortgage loans9,940 7,519 
Commercial loans36,892 41,487 
Consumer loans760 633 
Total non-performing loans47,592 49,639 
Foreclosed assets11,324 11,651 
Total non-performing assets$58,916 61,290 
The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s 60-89 day delinquent loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Mortgage loans:
Commercial$1,148 — 
Multi-family— 1,635 
Residential804 1,208 
Total mortgage loans1,952 2,843 
Commercial loans332 198 
Consumer loans755 275 
Total 60-89 day delinquent loans$3,039 3,316 
As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s allowance for credit losses related to the loan portfolio was 0.98% of total loans, compared to 0.99% as of December 31, 2023 and 0.91% as of March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses on loans of $200,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a provision of $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had net charge-offs of $971,000 compared to net charge-offs of $671,000 for the same period in 2023. The allowance for credit losses decreased $771,000 to $106.4 million as of March 31, 2024 from $107.2 million as of December 31, 2023. The decrease in the provision for credit losses for the quarter was primarily attributable to an improved economic forecast for the current quarter within our CECL model, partially offset by an increase in specific reserves on impaired credits.
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Total non-performing loans were $47.6 million, or 0.44% of total loans as of March 31, 2024, compared to $49.6 million, or 0.46% of total loans as of December 31, 2023. The $2.0 million decrease in non-performing loans as of March 31, 2024, compared to the trailing quarter, consisted of a $4.6 million decrease in non-performing commercial loans and a $771,000 decrease in non-performing construction loans, partially offset by a $1.6 million increase in non-performing multi-family loans, a $794,000 increase in non-performing residential mortgage loans, a $787,000 increase in non-performing commercial mortgage loans and a $127,000 increase in non-performing consumer loans.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held foreclosed assets of $11.3 million and $11.7 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were two properties sold with an aggregate carrying value of $327,000. Foreclosed assets as of March 31, 2024 consisted primarily of commercial real estate. Total non-performing assets as of March 31, 2024, decreased $2.4 million to $58.9 million, or 0.42% of total assets, from $61.3 million, or 0.43% of total assets as of December 31, 2023.
Total investment securities were $2.10 billion as of March 31, 2024, a $33.6 million decrease from December 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to repayments of mortgage-backed securities, an increase in unrealized losses on available for sale debt securities and maturities and calls of certain municipal and agency bonds, partially offset by purchases of mortgage-backed and municipal securities.
Total deposits decreased $193.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $10.10 billion. The decrease in total deposits was primarily due to a decrease in brokered deposits of $90.0 million and a decrease in municipal deposits of $57.0 million. Total savings and demand deposit accounts decreased $129.7 million to $9.07 billion as of March 31, 2024, while total time deposits decreased $64.0 million to $1.03 billion as of March 31, 2024. The decrease in savings and demand deposits consisted of a $149.1 million decrease in non-interest-bearing demand deposits and a $14.7 million decrease in savings deposits, partially offset by a $28.6 million increase in interest bearing demand deposits and a $5.5 million increase in money market deposits. The decrease in time deposits consisted of a $90.0 million decrease in brokered time deposits, partially offset by a $26.0 million increase in retail time deposits.
Within total deposits, brokered deposits totaled $75.7 million as of March 31, 2024. Our estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits as of March 31, 2024 totaled $2.49 billion, or 24.7% of deposits. Our total estimated uninsured deposits, including collateralized deposits as of March 31, 2024 was $5.25 billion. Within time deposits, approximately $96.7 million, or 9.4% was uninsured as of March 31, 2024.
Borrowed funds increased $88.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $2.06 billion. The increase in borrowings was largely due to asset funding requirements. Borrowed funds represented 14.6% of total assets as of March 31, 2024, an increase from 13.9% as of December 31, 2023.
Stockholders’ equity increased $4.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $1.70 billion, primarily due to net income earned for the period, partially offset by an increase in unrealized losses on available for sale debt securities and cash dividends paid to stockholders. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, common stock repurchases totaled 86,325 shares at an average cost of $14.84 per share, all of which were made in connection with withholding to cover income taxes on the vesting of stock-based compensation. As of March 31, 2024, approximately 1.0 million shares remained eligible for repurchase under the current stock repurchase authorization.
Liquidity and Capital Resources. Liquidity refers to the Company’s ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet financial obligations to its depositors, to fund loans and securities purchases and operating expenses. Sources of funds include scheduled amortization of loans, loan prepayments, scheduled maturities of unpledged investments, cash flows from securities and the ability to borrow funds from the FHLBNY and approved broker-dealers.
Cash flows from loan payments and maturing investment securities are fairly predictable sources of funds. Changes in interest rates, local economic conditions and the competitive marketplace can influence loan prepayments, prepayments on mortgage-backed securities and deposit flows. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, loan repayments totaled $648.8 million and $826.7 million, respectively.
As deposits have declined, the Company has continued to monitor and focus on depositor behavior and borrowing capacity with the FHLBNY and FRBNY, with current borrowing capacity of $1.72 billion and $1.33 billion, respectively as of March 31, 2024. Our estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits as of March 31, 2024 totaled $2.49 billion, or 24.7% of deposits. Our total estimated uninsured deposits, including collateralized deposits as of March 31, 2024, was $5.25 billion.
In March 2023, the Bank established a facility under the BTFP with the FRBNY. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $550.0 million of advances under the Program. We elected to participate in the BTFP program due to significant cost savings compared to other wholesale funding sources. The funding was used to pay off existing wholesale borrowings. The ability to prepay at any time without penalty also enhances our ability to manage our interest rate risk position.
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Total deposits decreased $193.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Deposit activity is affected by changes in interest rates, competitive pricing and product offerings in the marketplace, local economic conditions, customer confidence and other factors such as stock market volatility. Certificate of deposit accounts that are scheduled to mature within one year totaled $881.1 million as of March 31, 2024. Based on its current pricing strategy and customer retention experience, the Bank expects to retain a significant share of these accounts. The Bank manages liquidity on a daily basis and expects to have sufficient cash to meet all of its funding requirements.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") and the other federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule that revised the leverage and risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with agreements that were reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, that were effective January 1, 2015. Among other things, the rule established a new common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement (4.5% of risk-weighted assets), adopted a uniform minimum leverage capital ratio at 4%, increased the minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets requirement (from 4% to 6% of risk-weighted assets) and assigned a higher risk weight (150%) to exposures that are more than 90 days past due or are on non-accrual status and to certain commercial real estate facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property. The rule also required unrealized gains and losses on certain “available-for-sale” securities holdings to be included for purposes of calculating regulatory capital unless a one-time opt-out was exercised. The Company exercised the option to exclude unrealized gains and losses from the calculation of regulatory capital. Additional constraints were also imposed on the inclusion in regulatory capital of mortgage-servicing assets, deferred tax assets and minority interests. The rule limits a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer,” of 2.5% in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.
In the first quarter of 2020, U.S. federal regulatory authorities issued an interim final rule providing banking institutions that adopted CECL during the 2020 calendar year with the option to delay for two years the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during the initial two-year delay (i.e., a five-year transition in total). In connection with its adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the Company elected to utilize the five-year CECL transition.
As of March 31, 2024, the Bank and the Company exceeded all current minimum regulatory capital requirements as follows:
March 31, 2024
RequiredRequired with Capital Conservation BufferActual
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
(Dollars in thousands)
Bank:(1) (2)
Tier 1 leverage capital$552,072 4.00 %552,072 4.00 %1,367,361 9.91 %
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital534,942 4.50 832,131 7.00 1,367,361 11.50 
Tier 1 risk-based capital713,256 6.00 1,010,445 8.50 1,367,361 11.50 
Total risk-based capital951,007 8.00 1,248,197 10.50 1,468,902 12.36 
Company:
Tier 1 leverage capital$552,304 4.00 %552,304 4.00 %1,410,155 10.21 %
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital535,200 4.50 832,533 7.00 1,397,268 11.75 
Tier 1 risk-based capital713,600 6.00 1,010,933 8.50 1,410,155 11.86 
Total risk-based capital951,467 8.00 1,248,800 10.50 1,511,696 12.71 
(1) Under the FDIC's prompt corrective action provisions, the Bank is considered well capitalized if it has: a leverage (Tier 1) capital ratio of at least 5.00%; a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.50%; a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.00%; and a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.00%.
(2) For a period of three years following completion of the merger, Provident Bank will be required to maintain a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio of at least 8.5% and a total capital to risk-based assets ratio of at least 11.25%.

COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023
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General. The Company reported net income of $32.1 million, or $0.43 per basic and diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to net income of $40.5 million, or $0.54 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Transaction costs related to our pending merger with Lakeland totaled $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $1.1 million for the respective 2023 period. In addition, prior year earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2023, included a $2.0 million gain recognized from the sale of a foreclosed commercial property.
The following tables sets forth certain information for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. For the periods indicated, the total dollar amount of interest income from average interest-earning assets and the resultant yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities is expressed both in dollars and rates. No tax equivalent adjustments were made. Average balances are daily averages.
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For the three months ended
March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Average BalanceInterestAverage
Yield/Cost		Average BalanceInterestAverage
Yield/Cost
(Dollars in Thousands) (Unaudited)
Interest Earning Assets:
Deposits$87,848 $1,182 5.41 %72,022 845 4.76 %
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments21 — — 29 — 3.70 
Available for sale debt securities1,673,950 10,0222.39 1,808,619 10,4022.30 
Held to maturity debt securities, net (1)
357,246 2,2682.54 383,907 2,3682.47 
Equity securities, at fair value1,099 — — 991 — — 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock73,754 2,30812.52 59,106 1,0286.96 
Net loans: (2)
Total mortgage loans7,990,218 107,4565.33 7,643,140 95,9885.02 
Total commercial loans2,381,965 36,1006.03 2,146,658 28,6835.37 
Total consumer loans296,809 4,5236.13 304,058 4,2425.66 
Total net loans10,668,992 148,0795.51 10,093,856 128,9135.12 
Total interest earning assets$12,862,910 163,859 5.06 12,418,530 143,556 4.63 
Non-Interest Earning Assets:
Cash and due from banks116,563 142,953 
Other assets1,114,294 1,171,225 
Total assets$14,093,767 13,732,708 
Interest Bearing Liabilities:
Demand deposits$5,894,062 $41,566 2.84 %5,771,582 21,920 1.54 %
Savings deposits1,163,181 6370.22 1,398,419 4530.13 
Time deposits1,065,170 10,3313.90 859,773 5,1372.42 
Total deposits8,122,413 52,5342.60 8,029,774 27,5101.39 
Borrowed funds1,940,981 17,3833.60 1,224,279 7,4762.48 
Subordinated debentures10,712 272 10.23 10,511 246 9.51 
Total interest bearing liabilities$10,074,106 70,1892.80 9,264,564 35,2321.54 
Non-Interest Bearing Liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits$2,072,001 2,550,796 
Other non-interest bearing liabilities249,490 290,978 
Total non-interest bearing liabilities2,321,491 2,841,774 
Total liabilities12,395,597 12,106,338 
Stockholders' equity1,698,170 1,626,370 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$14,093,767 13,732,708 
Net interest income$93,670 108,324 
Net interest rate spread2.26 %3.09 %
Net interest-earning assets$2,788,804 3,153,966 
Net interest margin (3)
2.87 %3.48 %
Ratio of interest-earning assets to total interest-bearing liabilities1.28x1.34x
(1)Average outstanding balance amounts shown are amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses.
(2)Average outstanding balances are net of the allowance for loan losses, deferred loan fees and expenses, loan premiums and discounts and include non-accrual loans.
(3)Annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income decreased $14.7 million to $93.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $108.3 million for same period in 2023. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to a decrease in lower-
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costing deposits and an increase in borrowings, combined with unfavorable repricing of both deposits and borrowings, partially offset by originations of new loans and the favorable repricing of adjustable-rate loans.
The net interest margin decreased 61 basis points to 2.87% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to 3.48% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The weighted average yield on interest-earning assets increased 43 basis points to 5.06% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to 4.63% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, while the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 126 basis points for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, to 2.80%, compared to 1.54% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The average cost of interest-bearing deposits for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, was 2.60%, compared to 1.39% for the same period last year. Average non-interest-bearing demand deposits totaled $2.07 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $2.55 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The average cost of total deposits, including non-interest-bearing deposits, was 2.07% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared with 1.05% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The average cost of borrowed funds for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, was 3.60%, compared to 2.48% for the same period last year.
Interest income on loans secured by real estate increased $11.5 million to $107.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $96.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Commercial loan interest income increased $7.4 million to $36.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $28.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Consumer loan interest income increased $0.3 million to $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the average balance of total loans increased $575.1 million to $10.67 billion, compared to the same period in 2023. The average yield on total loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased 39 basis points to 5.51%, from 5.12% for the same period in 2023.
Interest income on held to maturity debt securities decreased $100,000 to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period last year. Average held to maturity debt securities decreased $26.7 million to $357.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $383.9 million for the same period in 2023.
Interest income on available for sale debt securities decreased $380,000 to $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $10.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The average balance of available for sale debt securities decreased $134.7 million to $1.67 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
Dividend income on FHLBNY stock increased $1.3 million to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The average balance of FHLBNY stock increased $14.6 million to $73.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
The average yield on total securities increased to 2.87% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with 2.52% for the same period in 2023.
Interest expense on deposit accounts increased $25.0 million to $52.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $27.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The average cost of interest-bearing deposits increased to 2.60% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from 1.39% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The average balance of interest-bearing core deposits, which consist of total savings and demand deposits, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreased $112.8 million to $7.06 billion. Average time deposit account balances increased $205.4 million to $1.07 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $859.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Interest expense on borrowed funds increased $9.9 million to $17.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The average cost of borrowings increased to 3.60% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from 2.48% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Average borrowings increased $716.7 million to $1.94 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $1.22 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Provision for Credit Losses. Provisions for credit losses are charged to operations in order to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level management considers necessary to absorb projected credit losses that may arise over the expected term of each loan in the portfolio. In determining the level of the allowance for credit losses, management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. The amount of the allowance is based on estimates, and the ultimate losses may vary from such estimates as more information becomes available or later events change. Management assesses the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis and makes provisions for credit losses, if necessary, in order to maintain the valuation of the allowance.
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The Company recorded a $200,000 provision for credit losses on loans, compared with a $6.0 million provision for credit losses for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in the provision for credit losses was largely a function of the period-over-period improvement in the economic forecast.
Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income totaled $20.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.3 million, compared to the same period in 2023. Other income decreased $2.5 million to $798,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to a $2.0 million gain from the sale of a foreclosed commercial property which was recorded in the prior year, combined with a decrease in gains on sales of SBA loans. Fee income decreased $475,000 to $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior year quarter, primarily due to decreases in commercial loan prepayment fees and deposit fee income. Partially offsetting these decreases in non-interest income, insurance agency income increased $691,000 to $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023, largely due to an increase in business activity. Wealth management income increased $573,000 to $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023, mainly due to an increase in the average market value of assets under management during the period, combined with an increase in mutual fund fees. Additionally, BOLI income increased $333,000 to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior year quarter, primarily due a benefit claim recognized in the current quarter, combined with an increase in equity valuations.
Non-Interest Expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, non-interest expense totaled $71.3 million, an increase of $1.8 million, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Compensation and benefits expense increased $1.3 million to $40.0 million for three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $38.7 million for the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in salary expense associated with Company-wide annual merit increases, combined with increases in the accrual for incentive compensation, payroll taxes and employee insurance, partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation. Data processing expense increased $1.3 million to $6.8 million for three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5.5 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in data processing expense was primarily due to increases in software service, telecommunication and electronic business banking expenses. Merger-related expenses related to our pending combination with Lakeland increased $1.1 million to $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. Additionally, FDIC insurance expense increased $335,000 to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a current quarter FDIC special assessment of $195,000, combined with an increase in the assessment rate. Partially offsetting these increases in non-interest expense, other operating expense decreased $729,000 to $10.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $11.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, largely due to a decrease in professional fees, partially offset by additional expenses related to foreclosed commercial real estate properties. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a $506,000 provision benefit for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, compared to a $739,000 provision charge for the same period in 2023. The $1.2 million decrease in the provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures for the current quarter was primarily due to a decrease in loans approved and awaiting closing.
Income Tax Expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company's income tax expense was $10.9 million with an effective tax rate of 25.3%, compared with $14.5 million with an effective tax rate of 26.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with the same period last year was largely the result of a decrease in taxable income and the 2024 sunset of the 2.5% NJ Corporate Business Tax surcharge, while the decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, was largely due to the 2024 sunset of the 2.5% NJ Corporate Business Tax surcharge and a decrease in the proportion of income derived from taxable sources.
Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Qualitative Analysis. Interest rate risk is the exposure of a bank’s current and future earnings and capital arising from adverse movements in interest rates. The guidelines of the Company’s interest rate risk policy seek to limit the exposure to changes in interest rates that affect the underlying economic value of assets and liabilities, earnings and capital. To minimize interest rate risk, the Company generally sells all 20- and 30-year fixed-rate residential mortgage loans at origination. The Company retains residential fixed rate mortgages with terms of 15 years or less and biweekly payment residential mortgages with a term of 30 years or less. Commercial real estate loans generally have interest rates that reset in five years, and other commercial loans such as construction loans and commercial lines of credit reset with changes in the Prime Rate, the Federal Funds Rate or SOFR. Investment securities purchases generally have maturities of five years or less, and mortgage-backed securities have weighted average lives between three and five years.
The Asset/Liability Committee meets at least monthly, or as needed, to review the impact of interest rate changes on net interest income, net interest margin, net income and the economic value of equity. The Asset/Liability Committee reviews a variety of
51

strategies that project changes in asset or liability mix and the impact of those changes on projected net interest income and net income.
The Company’s strategy for liabilities has been to maintain a stable core-funding base by focusing on core deposit account acquisition and increasing products and services per household. The Company’s ability to retain maturing time deposit accounts is the result of its strategy to remain competitively priced within its marketplace. The Company’s pricing strategy may vary depending upon current funding needs and the ability of the Company to fund operations through alternative sources, primarily by accessing short-term lines of credit with the FHLBNY during periods of pricing dislocation.
Quantitative Analysis. Current and future sensitivity to changes in interest rates are measured through the use of balance sheet and income simulation models. The analysis captures changes in net interest income using flat rates as a base, a most likely rate forecast and rising and declining interest rate forecasts. Changes in net interest income and net income for the forecast period, generally twelve to twenty-four months, are measured and compared to policy limits for acceptable change. The Company periodically reviews historical deposit re-pricing activity and makes modifications to certain assumptions used in its income simulation model regarding the interest rate sensitivity of deposits without maturity dates. These modifications are made to more closely reflect the most likely results under the various interest rate change scenarios. Since it is inherently difficult to predict the sensitivity of interest-bearing deposits to changes in interest rates, the changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates cannot be precisely predicted. There are a variety of reasons that may cause actual results to vary considerably from the predictions presented below which include, but are not limited to, the timing, magnitude, and frequency of changes in interest rates, interest rate spreads, prepayments, and actions taken in response to such changes.
Specific assumptions used in the simulation model include:
•Parallel yield curve shifts for market rates;
•Current asset and liability spreads to market interest rates are fixed;
•Traditional savings and interest-bearing demand accounts move at 10% of the rate ramp in either direction;
•Retail Money Market and Business Money Market accounts move at 25% and 75% of the rate ramp in either direction respectively, subject to certain interest rate floors; and
•Higher-balance demand deposit tiers and promotional demand accounts move at 50% to 75% of the rate ramp in either direction, subject to certain interest rate floors.
The following table sets forth the results of a twelve-month net interest income projection model as of March 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Change in interest rates (basis points) - Rate RampNet Interest Income
Dollar AmountDollar ChangePercent Change
-300$374,256 $(10,683)(2.8)%
-200377,528 (7,411)(1.9)
-100381,273 (3,666)(1.0)
Static384,939 — — 
+100385,451 512 0.1 
The interest rate risk position of the Company remains slightly asset-sensitive. As a result, the preceding table indicates that, as of March 31, 2024, in the event of a 100 basis point increase in interest rates, whereby rates ramp up evenly over a twelve-month period, net interest income would increase 0.1%, or $512,000. In the event of a 300 basis point decrease in interest rates, whereby rates ramp downward evenly over a twelve-month period, net interest income would decrease 2.8%, or $10.7 million over the same period. In this downward rate scenario, rates on deposits have a repricing floor of zero.

Another measure of interest rate sensitivity is to model changes in economic value of equity through the use of immediate and sustained interest rate shocks. The following table illustrates the result of the economic value of equity model as of March 31,
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2024 (dollars in thousands):
  Present Value of EquityPresent Value of Equity as Percent of Present Value of Assets
Change in interest rates (basis points)Dollar AmountDollar ChangePercent
Change		Present Value
 Ratio		Percent
Change
-300$1,422,618 $(305,270)(17.7)%9.8%(22.5)%
-2001,557,489 (170,399)(9.9)10.9(13.5)
-1001,660,945 (66,943)(3.9)11.8(5.9)
Flat1,727,888 — — 12.6— 
+1001,748,391 20,503 1.2 13.03.4 
The preceding table indicates that as of March 31, 2024, in the event of an immediate and sustained 100 basis point increase in interest rates, the present value of equity is projected to increase 1.2%, or $20.5 million. If rates were to decrease 300 basis points, the present value of equity would decrease 17.7%, or $305.3 million.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in the above interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes in net interest income requires the use of certain assumptions regarding prepayment and deposit decay rates, which may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. While management believes such assumptions are reasonable, there can be no assurance that assumed prepayment rates and decay rates will approximate actual future loan prepayment and deposit withdrawal activity. Moreover, the net interest income table presented assumes that the composition of interest sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration to maturity or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the net interest income table provides an indication of the Company’s interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurement is not intended to and does not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on the Company’s net interest income and will differ from actual results.
 
Item 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were evaluated at the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
Information regarding legal proceedings is incorporated by reference from “Contingencies” in Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) set forth in Part I of this report.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
The risk factors that were previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, have been supplemented by the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as follows:
Risk Factors Related to the Pending Merger with Lakeland
The regulatory approvals received for the merger of the Company and Lakeland include conditions and commitments that could in the future have adverse effects on the Company.
The Company and Provident Bank have received approvals from the bank regulatory authorities to consummate the merger with Lakeland, subject to certain Regulatory Conditions. The Regulatory Conditions include, but are not limited to: prior to consummation of the merger, the Company must complete the issuance of $200 million of Tier 2 qualifying subordinated debt; for three years following consummation of the merger, Provident Bank must maintain regulatory capital ratios at or above 8.50% for Tier 1 Leverage Capital and 11.25% for Total Risk Based Capital; and Provident Bank must maintain its commercial real estate concentrations (as a percent of capital and reserves) at levels at or below those forecasted in the pro forma financial
53

projections that Provident Bank submitted to the FDIC. The failure to comply with the Regulatory Conditions following the consummation of the merger could result in supervisory and enforcement actions against the Company and Provident Bank, including the issuance of a cease and desist order or the imposition of civil money penalties, and could constrain the Company’s business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Failure to complete the merger could negatively impact us.
If the merger is not completed for any reason, including failure to comply with the applicable Regulatory Conditions, there may be various adverse consequences for us. If the merger is not completed, we may experience negative reactions from the financial markets and from our customers and employees. We also could be subject to litigation or enforcement actions related to any failure to consummate the merger. If the merger is not completed, we will have to pay certain expenses related to the merger and this offering without realizing the expected benefits of the merger. Consequently, the failure to complete the merger could have a material adverse impact on us.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period(a) Total Number of Shares
Purchased		(b) Average
Price Paid per Share
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)
(d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1, 2024 through January 31, 2024220 $18.13 220 1,061,980 
February 1, 2024 through February 29, 2024— — — 1,061,980 
March 1, 2024 through March 31, 202486,105 14.83 86,105 975,875 
Total86,325 14.84 86,325 
(1) On December 28, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the purchase of up to 3,900,000 shares of its common stock under a ninth general repurchase program to commence upon completion of the eighth repurchase program. The repurchase program has no expiration date.
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not Applicable 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable
Item 5.
Other Information.
(a) During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as that term is used in SEC regulations.


54

Item 6.
Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed herewith:
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
4.1
31.1
31.2
32
101
The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report to Stockholders on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, formatted in iXBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104
The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, has been formatted in iXBRL.

55

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
PROVIDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Date:April 26, 2024By:/s/ Anthony J. Labozzetta
Anthony J. Labozzetta
President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:April 26, 2024By:/s/ Thomas M. Lyons
Thomas M. Lyons
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Date:April 26, 2024By:/s/ Adriano M. Duarte
Adriano M. Duarte
Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

56

Exhibit 31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Anthony J. Labozzetta, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Provident Financial Services, Inc;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:April 26, 2024
/s/ Anthony J. Labozzetta
Anthony J. Labozzetta
President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Thomas M. Lyons, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Provident Financial Services, Inc;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:April 26, 2024/s/ Thomas M. Lyons
Thomas M. Lyons
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32
Certification pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Anthony J. Labozzetta, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Thomas M. Lyons, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Provident Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”), each certify in his capacity as an officer of the Company that he has reviewed the quarterly report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and that to the best of his knowledge:
(1) the report fully complies with the requirements of Sections 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) the information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations.
The purpose of this statement is solely to comply with Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, as amended by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Date:April 26, 2024
/s/ Anthony J. Labozzetta
Anthony J. Labozzetta
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date:April 26, 2024/s/ Thomas M. Lyons
Thomas M. Lyons
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.