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UNITED STATES
 
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 
 
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-K
 
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
 
 
Commission File Number: 001-38082
 
 
KREFLOGOA07.JPG
 
 
KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
 
 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
Maryland
 
47-2009094
 
 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
9 West 57th Street, Suite 4200
New York, NY
 
10019
 
 
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
 
(212) 750-8300
 
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
 
 
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
 
 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
New York Stock Exchange
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    ¨ Yes    x No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    ¨ Yes    x No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x Yes    ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    x Yes    ¨ No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S‑K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K.    x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer    ¨    Accelerated filer    x
Non-accelerated filer     ¨    Smaller reporting company    ¨
Emerging growth company    x
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ¨ Yes    x No

The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $298.0 million as of June 30, 2018 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) based on the closing sale price on the New York Stock Exchange on that date.

The number of shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of February 20, 2019 was 57,383,408.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") pursuant to Regulation 14A relating to the registrant's Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on April 26, 2019, will be incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K in response to Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III. The definitive proxy statement will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 after the registrant's fiscal year end.



KKR REAL ESTATE FINANCE TRUST INC.
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
INDEX
 
 
PAGE
 
1
1
10
48
48
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48
 
49
49
52
54
 
54
 
54
 
55
 
57
 
67
 
70
 
73
 
73
 
74
 
75
 
77
78
80
124
124
124
 
125
125
125
125
125
125
 
125
125
129
 
130



CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our operations and financial performance. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as "outlook," "believe," "expect," "potential," "continue," "may," "should," "seek," "approximately," "predict," "intend," "will," "plan," "estimate," "anticipate," the negative version of these words, other comparable words or other statements that do not relate strictly to historical or factual matters. By their nature, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, are not statements of historical fact or guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions or changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict or quantify. Our expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that management's expectations, beliefs and projections will result or be achieved and actual results may vary materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements.

There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors include, among others, the risks, uncertainties and factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

the general political, economic and competitive conditions in the United States and in any foreign jurisdictions in which we invest; 

the level and volatility of prevailing interest rates and credit spreads; 

adverse changes in the real estate and real estate capital markets; 

general volatility of the securities markets in which we participate; 

changes in our business, investment strategies or target assets; 

difficulty in obtaining financing or raising capital; 

adverse legislative or regulatory developments;

reductions in the yield on our investments and increases in the cost of our financing; 

acts of God such as hurricanes, earthquakes and other natural disasters, acts of war and/or terrorism and other events that may cause unanticipated and uninsured performance declines and/or losses to us or the owners and operators of the real estate securing our investments; 

deterioration in the performance of properties securing our investments that may cause deterioration in the performance of our investments and, potentially, principal losses to us; 

defaults by borrowers in paying debt service on outstanding indebtedness; 

the adequacy of collateral securing our investments and declines in the fair value of our investments; 

adverse developments in the availability of desirable investment opportunities whether they are due to competition, regulation or otherwise; 

difficulty in successfully managing our growth, including integrating new assets into our existing systems; 

the cost of operating our platform, including, but not limited to, the cost of operating a real estate investment platform and the cost of operating as a publicly traded company; 

the availability of qualified personnel and our relationship with our Manager;




subsidiaries of KKR & Co. Inc. control us and KKR's interests may conflict with those of our stockholders in the future; 

our qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes and our exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"); and

authoritative accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") or policy changes from such standard-setting bodies such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"), the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"), the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") and other authorities that we are subject to, as well as their counterparts in any foreign jurisdictions where we might do business.

There may be other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our other periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov and on the investor relations section of our website at www.kkrreit.com. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

We caution you that the risks, uncertainties and other factors referenced above may not contain all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that are important to you. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results, benefits or developments that we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect us or our business in the way expected. All forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K apply only as of the date made and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other filings we make with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by law.

Except where the context requires otherwise, the terms "Company," "we," "us," "our" and "KREF" refer to KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation, and its subsidiaries; "Manager" refers to KKR Real Estate Finance Manager LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, our external manager; and "KKR" refers to KKR & Co. Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.




PART I.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Company

KREF is a real estate finance company that focuses primarily on originating and acquiring senior loans secured by institutional-quality commercial real estate ("CRE") properties that are owned and operated by experienced and well-capitalized sponsors and located in liquid markets with strong underlying fundamentals. Our target assets also include mezzanine loans, preferred equity and other debt-oriented instruments with these characteristics. Our investment objective is capital preservation and the generation of attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders over the long term, primarily through dividends.

We began our investment activities in October 2014 with an initial commitment of $400.0 million from KKR. We raised an additional $438.1 million in equity commitments from third-party investors and certain current and former employees of, and consultants to, KKR that brought our total committed capital base to $838.1 million, which was fully drawn prior to our initial public offering ("IPO") that generated net proceeds of $225.9 million on May 5, 2017. We had a book value of $1,132.3 million as of December 31, 2018 and established a portfolio of diversified investments, consisting of performing senior loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") B-Pieces, which had a value of $4,133.5 million.

We are organized as a holding company externally managed by our Manager, an indirect subsidiary of KKR & Co. Inc., and operate our business primarily through various subsidiaries in a single segment that originates, acquires, and finances our target assets.
We conduct our operations as a REIT for federal income tax purposes while seeking to avoid registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the "Investment Company Act"). We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on the portion of our annual net taxable income that we distribute to stockholders if we maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We are traded on the NYSE under the symbol “KREF.” We were incorporated in Maryland on October 2, 2014, and our principal executive offices are located at 9 West 57th Street, New York, New York.
Our Manager and KKR

We are externally managed by our Manager, an indirect subsidiary of KKR & Co. Inc. ("KKR"), a leading global investment firm with a 40-year history of leadership, innovation and investment excellence. KKR manages multiple alternative asset classes including private equity, energy, infrastructure, real estate, and credit, with strategic manager partnerships that manage hedge funds. KKR is listed on the NYSE (NYSEKKR) and reported $194.7 billion of assets under management ("AUM") as of December 31, 2018. KKR's "One-Firm" culture encourages collaboration and leveraging resources and relationships across KKR to help find creative solutions for clients seeking capital and strategic partnerships. We believe our Manager's relationship with KKR and its differentiated global investment management platform provides us with significant advantages in sourcing, evaluating, underwriting and managing our investments.

In connection with the performance of its duties, our Manager benefits from the resources, relationships and expertise of KKR's real estate group ("KKR Real Estate"), which provides equity and debt capital across a variety of real estate sectors and strategies. Established in 2011 under the leadership of Ralph F. Rosenberg, Global Head of KKR Real Estate and Chairman of our board of directors, KKR Real Estate had $6.3 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2018. Mr. Rosenberg, who has 30 years of real estate equity and debt transaction experience, is supported at KKR Real Estate by a team of approximately 70 dedicated professionals across nine offices globally. We believe that KKR Real Estate's global relationships with property owners, managers, lenders, brokers and advisors and real-time knowledge derived from its broadly diversified real estate holdings provide our Manager with access to sourcing channels as well as operational and strategic insights to help our Manager evaluate and monitor individual investment opportunities. Additionally, our Manager leverages the proprietary information available to us through KKR's global investment platforms to conduct thorough underwriting and due diligence and develop a deeper understanding of the opportunities, risks and challenges of the investments that we review. Further, our Manager benefits from KKR Credit & Markets, comprised of a team of over 36 investment professionals that advise KKR's investment teams and portfolio companies on executing equity and debt capital markets solutions.

Our Manager is led by an experienced team of senior real estate investment professionals, including Christen E.J. Lee and Matthew A. Salem, our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Co-Presidents, and W. Patrick Mattson, our Chief Operating Officer,

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who collectively average over 19 years of CRE experience. Our Manager's senior leadership team is supported by 14 other investment professionals with significant expertise in executing our investment strategy. Our Manager's investment committee, which is comprised of Messrs. Rosenberg, Lee, Salem, Mattson, Roger Morales, Head of KKR's Real Estate Acquisitions Americas, Justin Pattner, Head of KKR's Real Estate Equity Americas and Billy Butcher, Chief Operating Officer of KKR's Global Real Estate, advises and consults with our Manager and its investment professionals with respect to our investment strategy, portfolio construction, financing and investment guidelines and risk management and approves all of our investments.

Our Investment Strategy

Our investment strategy is to originate or acquire senior loans collateralized by institutional-quality CRE assets that are owned and operated by experienced and well-capitalized sponsors and located in liquid markets with strong underlying fundamentals. We also intend to invest in mezzanine loans, preferred equity and other debt-oriented instruments with these characteristics. Through our Manager, we have access to KKR's integrated, global real estate investment platform and its established sourcing, underwriting and structuring capabilities to develop our own view on value and evaluate and structure credit risk from an owner's and a lender's perspective. In addition, we believe that we benefit from our access to KKR's global network and real estate and other investment holdings, which provide our Manager with access to information and market data that is not available to many of our competitors. In many instances, we are able to make investments where we believe we have a sourcing, underwriting or execution advantage by leveraging the KKR brand, industry knowledge and proprietary relationships.

We pursue opportunities for which we believe that we are lending at a substantial discount to our Manager's view of intrinsic real estate value, which our Manager substantiates through an independent assessment of value. We also seek investment opportunities where there is the potential to increase the value of the underlying loan collateral through improving property management or implementing strategic capital improvement initiatives, and as such, focus on lending to sponsors with histories of successful execution in their respective asset classes or markets. Additionally, we endeavor to make loans with covenants and structural features that align the incentives of us and our borrowers to the extent that the operating performance of the underlying collateral deteriorates.

Our financing strategy and investment process are discussed in more detail in "—Our Financing Strategy" and "—Investment Guidelines" below.

Our Target Assets

Our target assets primarily include senior loans, as well as mezzanine loans, preferred equity and other debt-oriented investments:

Senior Loans—We focus on originating and acquiring senior loans that are backed by CRE properties. These loans are secured by real estate and evidenced by a first-priority mortgage. The loans may vary in duration, bear interest at a fixed or floating rate and amortize, and typically require a balloon payment of principal at maturity, but are typically anticipated to be floating rate and shorter-term duration. These investments may include whole loans or pari passu participations within such senior loans. 

Mezzanine Loans—We may syndicate senior participations in our originated senior loans to other investors and retain a subordinated debt position for our portfolio, typically a mezzanine loan. We may also directly originate or acquire mezzanine loans. These are loans (including pari passu participations in such loans) made to the owner of a mortgage borrower and secured by a pledge of equity interests in the mortgage borrower. These loans are subordinate to a senior loan, but senior to the owner's equity. These loans may be tranched into senior and junior mezzanine loans, with the junior mezzanine lenders secured by a pledge of the equity interests in the more senior mezzanine borrower. The mezzanine lender typically has additional rights as compared to the more senior lenders, including the right to cure defaults under the senior loan and any senior mezzanine loan and purchase the senior loan and any senior mezzanine loan, in each case under certain circumstances following a default on the senior loan. Following a default on a mezzanine loan, and subject to negotiated terms with the mortgage lender or other mezzanine lenders, the mezzanine lender generally has the right to foreclose on its equity interest and become the owner of the property, directly or indirectly, subject to the lien of the senior loan and any other debt senior to it including any outstanding senior mezzanine loans.

Preferred Equity—We may make investments that are subordinate to any mortgage or mezzanine loan, but senior to the common equity of the mortgage borrower or owner of a mortgage borrower, as applicable. Preferred equity investments typically pay a preferred return from the investment's cash flow rather than interest payments and often have the right for such preferred return to accrue if there is insufficient cash flow for current payment. These interests

2


are not secured by the underlying real estate, but upon the occurrence of a default, the preferred equity provider typically has the right to effect a change of control with respect to the ownership of the property. 

CMBS B-Pieces (New Issue)—We may also make investments that consist of below investment-grade bonds comprising some or all of the BB-rated, B-rated and unrated tranches of a CMBS securitization pool. The underlying loans are typically aggregated into a pool and sold as securities to different investors. Under the pooling and servicing agreements that govern these pools, the loans are administered by a trustee and servicers, who act on behalf of all investors and distribute the underlying cash flows to the different classes of securities in accordance with their seniority. The below-investment grade securities that comprise each CMBS B-Piece have generally in the past been acquired in aggregate. Due to their first loss position, these investments are typically offered at a discount to par. These investments typically carry a 10-year weighted average life due to prepayment restrictions. We generally intend to hold these investments through maturity, but may, from time to time, opportunistically sell positions should liquidity become available or be required. Under the risk retention rules under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") that went into effect in December 2016, CMBS B-Piece investments may also include BBB-rated securities and are subject to certain additional restrictions that, among other things, prohibit hedging CMBS B-Pieces or selling CMBS B-Pieces for a period of at least five years from the date the investment was made. We currently make CMBS B-Piece investments indirectly through our investment in an aggregator vehicle alongside KKR Real Estate Credit Opportunity Partners L.P. ("RECOP"), a KKR-managed investment fund. See Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Our Portfolio." 

Other Real Estate Securities—We may make investments in real estate that take the form of CMBS (other than CMBS B-Pieces) or Collateralized Loan Obligations ("CLO") that are collateralized by pools of real estate debt instruments, often senior loans. We may also acquire the debt securities of other REITs or other entities engaged in real estate operating or financing activities, but generally not for the purpose of exercising control over such entities.

Our Portfolio

We began operations in October 2014 and have established a portfolio of diversified investments, consisting of performing senior loans, mezzanine loans and CMBS B-Pieces, which had a value of $4,133.5 million as of December 31, 2018, a 98% increase compared to 2017. We believe our current portfolio, comprised of target assets representative of our investment philosophy, validates our ability to execute on our stated market opportunity and investment strategy, including lending against high-quality real estate in liquid markets with strong fundamentals to experienced and well-capitalized sponsors. As we continue to scale our portfolio, we expect that our originations will continue to be heavily weighted toward floating-rate loans. We expect the majority of our future investment activity to focus on originating floating-rate senior loans that we finance with our repurchase facilities, asset based financing, term loan financing and collateralized loan obligations, with a secondary focus on originating floating-rate loans for which we syndicate a senior position and retain a subordinated interest for our portfolio. As of December 31, 2018, our portfolio had experienced no impairments and did not contain any legacy assets that were originated prior to October 2014. As of December 31, 2018, all of our investments were located in the United States.



















3


The following charts illustrate the growth in our portfolio, origination volume, average loan size originated, net income and book value, as well as the compound annual growth rate ("CAGR") over the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 (dollars in millions):

TOTALPORTLOANORIG1.JPG

ITEM1CHARTS.JPG
BOOKVALUEA01.JPG

















4


The map below illustrates the geographic distribution of the properties securing our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2018:
MAP.JPG

The following charts illustrate the diversification of our portfolio, based on type of investment, interest rate, underlying property type, geographic location, vintage and loan to value as of December 31, 2018:
PIECHARTSA19.JPG

The charts above are based on total assets. Total assets reflect (i) the principal amount of our senior and mezzanine loans; and (ii) the cost basis of our CMBS B-Pieces, net of variable interest entity ("VIE") liabilities. In accordance with GAAP, we carry our CMBS B-Piece investments at fair value. In April 2018, we sold our controlling beneficial interest in four of our five CMBS trusts for net proceeds of $112.7 million and recognized a gain of $13.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we had a $2.6 million unrealized loss on the remaining CMBS investment.

(A)
Excludes CMBS B-Pieces. Our CMBS B-Piece portfolio diversification is as follows and is inclusive of our $29.6 million investment in RECOP, an unconsolidated VIE of which KREF is not the primary beneficiary: 

Property Type: Office (28.4%), Retail (24.8%) Hospitality (15.3%), and Other (31.5%). As of December 31, 2018, no other individual property type comprised more than 10% of our total CMBS B‑Piece portfolio.
Geography: California (23.0%), New York (12.5%) Texas (8.5%) and Other (56.0%). As of December 31, 2018, no other individual geography comprised more than 5% of our total CMBS B‑Piece portfolio.
Vintage: 2015 (19.6%), 2016 (10.2%), and 2017 (70.2%).
(B)    LTV is generally based on the initial loan amount divided by the as-is appraised value as of the date the loan was originated.

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Our senior loans had a weighted average loan to value ratio ("LTV") of 68% as of December 31, 2018, and we have focused our portfolio on senior positions in the capital structure where the sponsor has meaningful cash or imputed equity subordinated to our position to provide what we believe is downside protection in the event of credit impairment at the asset level. As of December 31, 2018, we maintained a controlling position in all of our senior loans and subordinate debt positions (subject to the terms of our master repurchase agreements, as applicable).

For additional information regarding our portfolio as of December 31, 2018, see Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

Our Financing Strategy

We raise capital through offerings of our equity and debt securities to fund future investments. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we completed two underwritten public offerings of 9.5 million shares of our common stock, of which 4.0 million shares were secondary shares sold by certain of our shareholders. The 5.5 million of primary shares issued and sold by us provided us with net proceeds of $107.7 million. We also issued $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% senior convertible notes due May 2023 ("Convertible Notes").

In addition, as part of our portfolio financing strategy, we may use both direct and structural leverage. Our use of direct leverage includes the utilization of repurchase facilities, asset specific financing, term loan financing, collateralized loan obligations, and revolving credit agreements. Asset based financing, term loan financing and collateralized loan obligations provide us with non-mark-to-market financing source which reduces our exposure to market fluctuations. In addition, we may use structural leverage by syndicating senior mortgage interests in our originated senior loans to other investors and creating subordinated interest that we retain for our portfolio. When utilizing structural leverage, our retained interest is generally a mezzanine loan, secured by a pledge of 100% of the equity ownership interests in the owner of the real property and is generally not subject to recourse. Our retained interest when utilizing structural leverage is subordinate to the lien of the third-party lender that owns the senior interest.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we, (i) issued a $1.0 billion managed collateralized loan obligation ("CLO"), providing $810.0 million of non-mark-to-market portfolio financing, (ii) entered into a $1.0 billion non-recourse term loan facility providing non-mark-to-market asset based financing, (iii) added a $200.0 million asset based financing facility on a non-mark to market basis with partial recourse, (iv) increased the size of our repurchase agreements by adding $250.0 million of capacity and (v) replaced our $75.0 million revolving credit facility with a new $100.0 million unsecured corporate revolving credit facility. The following table details our outstanding financing arrangements as of December 31, 2018 (amounts in thousands):
 
 
Portfolio Financing Outstanding Principal Balance
 
Maximum Capacity
Master repurchase agreements
 
$
1,157,261

 
$
2,000,000

Asset specific financing
 
60,000

 
200,000

Term loan financing
 
748,414

 
1,000,000

Revolving credit agreements
 

 
100,000

Collateralized loan obligations
 
810,000

 
810,000

Loan participations sold
 
85,880

 
85,880

Non-consolidated senior interests
 
67,155

 
67,155

Total portfolio financing
 
$
2,928,710

 
$
4,263,035












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The following chart illustrates our progress in diversifying our financing sources and expanding our non-mark-to-market financing sources to reduce our exposure to market volatility:
MTMA05.JPG

Financing Risk Management

The amount of leverage employed on our assets will depend on our Manager's assessment of the credit, liquidity, price volatility and other risks of those assets and the financing counterparties and availability of particular types of financing at any given time.

We plan to maintain leverage levels appropriate to our specific portfolio. On average, we are targeting a leverage ratio on our senior loans of 3.5-to-1 on a debt to equity basis, as compared to our total leverage ratio of 2.6-to-1 as of December 31, 2018. We will endeavor to match the terms and indices of our assets and liabilities and will also seek to minimize the risks associated with mark-to-market and recourse borrowing.


Investment Guidelines

Under the management agreement with our Manager, our Manager is required to manage our business in accordance with certain investment guidelines, which include:

seeking to invest our capital in a broad range of investments in or relating to CRE debt; 

not making investments that would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; 

not making investments that would cause us or any of our subsidiaries to be required to be registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act; 

allowing allocation of investment opportunities sourced by our Manager to one or more KKR funds advised by our Manager or its affiliates in addition to us, in accordance with the allocation policy then in effect, as applied by our Manager in a fair and equitable manner; 

prior to the deployment of capital into investments, causing our capital to be invested in any short-term investments in money market funds, bank accounts, overnight repurchase agreements with primary federal reserve bank dealers collateralized by direct U.S. government obligations and other instruments or investments reasonably determined by our Manager to be of high quality; and

investing not more than 25% of our "equity" in any individual investment without the approval of a majority of our board of directors or a duly constituted committee of our board of directors (it being understood, however, that for purposes of the foregoing concentration limit, in the case of any investment that is comprised (whether through a structured investment vehicle or other arrangement) of securities, instruments or assets of multiple portfolio issuers, such investment for purposes of the foregoing limitation will be deemed to be multiple investments in such underlying securities, instruments and assets and not such particular vehicle, product or other arrangement in which they are aggregated).


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Impact of Rising Interest Rates

Generally, our business model is such that rising interest rates will result in an increase to our earnings and dividend yield. As of December 31, 2018, 98.0% of our investments by total assets earned interest over a floating-rate index and of those investments that were financed, all were financed with liabilities that pay interest over a floating-rate index, which resulted in a positive correlation to rising interest rates for our company.

Additionally, floating-rate senior loans typically have lower interest rate sensitivity and less susceptibility to price declines than fixed-rate investments when short-term rates rise. As a result, we believe that our investment strategy, which is primarily focused on originating or acquiring LIBOR-based senior loans, strategically positions our portfolio to earn attractive risk-adjusted yields in a rising interest rate environment. Furthermore, 80% of our senior loans by current principal amount outstanding have a LIBOR floor in place greater than 0.50%.

With respect to our fixed-rate exposure in our portfolio, an increase in long-term interest rates could have a negative impact on the market value of those investments. Several factors would impact the ultimate market value, including but not limited to, the remaining duration, underlying LTV and credit profile today, credit spreads and other factors.

With respect to our fixed-rate CMBS portfolio, rising interest rates could have a negative effect on the value of the securities in our portfolio. Our CMBS securities are purchased at a substantial discount to their face amount and are much more sensitive to changes in the underlying credit of the securities and credit spreads than to fluctuations in interest rates. However, an increase in long-term rates, with other factors held constant, may have a negative impact on the market value of the CMBS portfolio.

The following chart illustrates the sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in LIBOR (dollars in millions):

INTERESTRATESENSITIVITY.JPG

(1)
As of December 31, 2018. Assumes loans are drawn up to maximum approved advance rate based on current principal amount outstanding as of December 31, 2018.

For a further discussion, see Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Interest Rate Risk."

Taxation of the Company

We elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2014 and expect to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT. So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on net taxable income that we distribute annually to our stockholders. In order to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the real estate qualification of sources of our income, the composition and values of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the diversity of ownership of our stock. In order to comply with REIT requirements, we may need to forego

8


otherwise attractive opportunities and limit our expansion opportunities and limit the manner in which we conduct our operations.

See Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors—Risks Related to our REIT Status and Certain Other Tax Considerations."

Competition

We are engaged in a competitive business. In our lending and investing activities, we compete for opportunities with a variety of institutional lenders and investors, including other REITs, specialty finance companies, public and private funds (including funds that KKR or its affiliates may in the future sponsor, advise and/or manage), commercial and investment banks, commercial finance and insurance companies and other financial institutions. Several other REITs have raised, or are expected to raise, significant amounts of capital, and may have investment objectives that overlap with ours, which may create additional competition for lending and investment opportunities. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. Many of our competitors are not subject to the operating constraints associated with REIT rule compliance or maintenance of an exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of loans and investments, offer more attractive pricing or other terms and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, competition for originations of and investments in our target assets may lead to the yields of such assets decreasing, which may further limit our ability to generate satisfactory returns.

In addition, changes in the financial regulatory regime could decrease the current restrictions on banks and other financial institutions and allow them to compete with us for investment opportunities that were previously not available to them. See Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Company—Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations, changes in the interpretation thereof or newly enacted laws or regulations and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could require changes to certain of our business practices, negatively impact our operations, cash flow or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, subject us to increased competition or otherwise adversely affect our business."

We believe access to our Manager's and KKR's professionals and their industry expertise and relationships provide us with competitive advantages in assessing risks and determining appropriate pricing for potential investments. We believe these relationships will enable us to compete more effectively for attractive investment opportunities. However, we may not be able to achieve our business goals or expectations due to the competitive risks that we face. For additional information concerning these competitive risks, see Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Lending and Investment Activities—We operate in a competitive market for lending and investment opportunities, and competition may limit our ability to originate or acquire desirable loans and investments or dispose of assets we target and could also affect the yields of these assets and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations."

Employees

We do not have any employees. We are externally managed by our Manager pursuant to the management agreement between our Manager and us. Our executive officers are employees of our Manager or one or more of its affiliates. See "—Our Manager and KKR."
Additional Information Available

Our website address is www.kkrreit.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference herein and is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge on our website or provide a link on our website to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. To access these filings, go to the “Investor Relations” page on our website, then click on “SEC Filings”. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov. From time to time, we may use our website at www.kkrreit.com as a channel of distribution of material information. Financial and other material information regarding our company is routinely posted and accessible on our website. In addition, you may automatically receive e-mail alerts and other information about our company by enrolling your e-mail address by visiting the “E-mail Alerts” section of the “Investor Relations” page on our website.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock could decline. These risk factors do not identify all risks that we face, and our operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. Due to risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, our past financial results may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. Refer also to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and the related notes thereto.

Risks Related to Our Lending and Investment Activities

We operate in a competitive market for lending and investment opportunities, and competition may limit our ability to originate or acquire desirable loans and investments or dispose of assets we target and could also affect the yields of these assets and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A number of entities compete with us to make the types of loans and investments we seek to originate or acquire. Our profitability depends, in large part, on our ability to originate or acquire target assets on attractive terms. In originating or acquiring target assets, we compete with a variety of institutional lenders and investors, including other REITs, specialty finance companies, public and private funds (including funds that KKR or its affiliates may in the future sponsor, advise and/or manage), commercial and investment banks, commercial finance and insurance companies and other financial institutions. Several other REITs have raised, or are expected to raise, significant amounts of capital, and may have investment objectives that overlap with ours, which may create additional competition for lending and investment opportunities. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us, such as the U.S. government. Many of our competitors are not subject to the operating constraints associated with REIT rule compliance or maintenance of an exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of loans and investments, offer more attractive pricing or other terms and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, competition for originations of and investments in our target assets may lead to the yields of such assets decreasing, which may further limit our ability to generate satisfactory returns. In addition, changes in the financial regulatory regime resulting from the current administration could decrease the current restrictions on banks and other financial institutions and allow them to compete with us for investment opportunities that were previously not available to them. "—Risks Related to Our Company—Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations, changes in the interpretation thereof or newly enacted laws or regulations and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could require changes to certain of our business practices, negatively impact our operations, cash flow or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, subject us to increased competition or otherwise adversely affect our business."

As a result of this competition, desirable loans and investments in our target assets may be limited in the future and we may not be able to take advantage of attractive lending and investment opportunities from time to time. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to identify and originate loans or make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives. We cannot assure you that the competitive pressures we face will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our investment strategy with respect to certain types of investments may depend, in part, on our ability to enter into satisfactory relationships with joint ventures, operating partners and/or strategic co-investors. There can be no assurance that current relationships with such parties will continue (whether on currently applicable terms or otherwise) or that we will be able to establish relationships with other such persons in the future if desired and on terms favorable to us.

Our loans and investments expose us to risks associated with debt-oriented real estate investments generally.

We seek to invest primarily in debt investments in or relating to real estate assets. Any deterioration of real estate fundamentals generally, and in the United States in particular, could negatively impact our performance, increase the default risk applicable to borrowers, and/or make it relatively more difficult for us to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns. Changes in general economic conditions will affect the creditworthiness of borrowers and/or the value of underlying real estate collateral relating to our investments and may include economic and/or market fluctuations, changes in environmental, zoning and other laws, casualty or condemnation losses, regulatory limitations on rents, decreases in property values, changes in the appeal of properties to tenants, changes in supply and demand of real estate products, fluctuations in real estate fundamentals (including average occupancy and room rates for hotel properties), energy and supply shortages, various uninsured or uninsurable risks, natural disasters, terrorism, acts of war, changes in government regulations (such as rent control), political and legislative

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uncertainty, changes in real property tax rates and operating expenses, changes in interest rates, changes in the availability of debt financing and/or mortgage funds which may render the sale or refinancing of properties difficult or impracticable, increased mortgage defaults, increases in borrowing rates, negative developments in the economy that depress travel activity, adverse changes in demand and/or real estate values generally and other factors that are beyond our control.

We cannot predict the degree to which economic conditions generally, and the conditions for real estate debt investing in particular, will improve or decline. Any declines in the performance of the U.S. and global economies or in the real estate debt markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

CMBS B-Pieces, mezzanine loans, preferred equity and other investments that are subordinated or otherwise junior in an issuer's capital structure and that involve privately negotiated structures expose us to greater risk of loss.

We invest in debt instruments (including CMBS B-Pieces) and preferred equity that are subordinated or otherwise junior in an issuer's capital structure and that involve privately negotiated structures. Our investments in subordinated debt and mezzanine tranches of a borrower's capital structure and our remedies with respect thereto, including the ability to foreclose on any collateral securing such investments, are subject to the rights of any senior creditors and, to the extent applicable, contractual intercreditor and/or participation agreement provisions. Significant losses related to such loans or investments could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Investments in subordinated debt involve greater credit risk of default than the senior classes of the issue or series. As a result, with respect to our investments in CMBS B-Pieces, mezzanine loans and other subordinated debt, we would potentially receive payments or interest distributions after, and must bear the effects of losses or defaults on the senior debt (including underlying senior loans, senior mezzanine loans, B-Notes, preferred equity or senior CMBS bonds, as applicable) before, the holders of other more senior tranches of debt instruments with respect to such issuer. As the terms of such loans and investments are subject to contractual relationships among lenders, co-lending agents and others, they can vary significantly in their structural characteristics and other risks.

Mezzanine loans are by their nature structurally subordinated to more senior property-level financings. If a borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or on debt senior to our loan, or if the borrower is in bankruptcy, our mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the property-level debt and other senior debt is paid in full. In addition, mezzanine loans may have higher loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal. As a result, a partial loss in the value of the underlying collateral can result in a total loss of the value of the mezzanine loan. Moreover, even if we are able to foreclose on the underlying collateral following a default on a mezzanine loan, we would be substituted for the defaulting borrower and, to the extent income generated on the underlying property is insufficient to meet outstanding debt obligations on the property, may need to commit substantial additional capital and/or deliver a replacement guarantee by a creditworthy entity, which could include us, to stabilize the property and prevent additional defaults to lenders with existing liens on the property. Significant losses related to our CMBS B-Pieces and mezzanine loans would result in operating losses for us and may limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.     

Investments in preferred equity involve a greater risk of loss than conventional debt financing due to a variety of factors, including their non-collateralized nature and subordinated ranking to other loans and liabilities of the entity in which such preferred equity is held. Accordingly, if the issuer defaults on our investment, we would only be able to proceed against such entity in accordance with the terms of the preferred equity, and not against any property owned by such entity. Furthermore, in the event of bankruptcy or foreclosure, we would only be able to recoup our investment after all lenders to, and other creditors of, such entity are paid in full. As a result, we may lose all or a significant part of our investment, which could result in significant losses.

In addition, our investments in senior loans may be effectively subordinated to the extent we borrow under a warehouse loan (which can be in the form of a repurchase agreement) or similar facility and pledge the senior loan as collateral. Under these arrangements, the lender has a right to repayment of the borrowed amount before we can collect on the value of the senior loan, and therefore if the value of the pledged senior loan decreases below the amount we have borrowed, we would experience a loss.

We may not have control over certain of our loans and investments.

Our ability to manage our portfolio of loans and investments may be limited by the form in which they are made. In certain situations, we may:


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acquire investments subject to rights of senior classes, special servicers or collateral managers under intercreditor, servicing agreements or securitization documents; 

pledge our investments as collateral for financing arrangements; 
acquire only a minority and/or a non-controlling participation in an underlying investment; 
    
co-invest with others through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, thereby acquiring non-controlling interests; or 

rely on independent third-party management or servicing with respect to the management of an asset.

Therefore, we may not be able to exercise control over all aspects of our loans or investments. Such financial assets may involve risks not present in investments where senior creditors, junior creditors, servicers or third-party controlling investors are not involved. Our rights to control the process following a borrower default may be subject to the rights of senior or junior creditors or servicers whose interests may not be aligned with ours. A partner or co-venturer may have financial difficulties resulting in a negative impact on such asset, may have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with ours, or may be in a position to take action contrary to our investment objectives. In addition, we will generally pay all or a portion of the expenses relating to our joint ventures and we may, in certain circumstances, be liable for the actions of our partners or co-venturers.

CRE-related investments that are secured, directly or indirectly, by real property are subject to delinquency, foreclosure and loss, which could result in losses to us.

CRE debt instruments (e.g., mortgages, mezzanine loans and preferred equity) that are secured by commercial property are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure and risks of loss that are greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of the property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower's ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income-producing property can be affected by, among other things:

tenant mix and tenant bankruptcies; 

success of tenant businesses; 

property management decisions, including with respect to capital improvements, particularly in older building structures; 

property location and condition; 

competition from other properties offering the same or similar services; 

changes in laws that increase operating expenses or limit rents that may be charged; 

any liabilities relating to environmental matters at the property; 

changes in national, regional or local economic conditions and/or specific industry segments; 

declines in national, regional or local real estate values; 

declines in national, regional or local rental or occupancy rates; 

changes in interest rates and in the state of the credit and securitization markets and the debt and equity capital markets, including diminished availability or lack of debt financing for CRE; 

changes in real estate tax rates and other operating expenses; 

changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including income tax regulations and environmental legislation; 

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acts of God, terrorism, social unrest and civil disturbances, which may decrease the availability of or increase the cost of insurance or result in uninsured losses; and 

adverse changes in zoning laws.

In addition, we are exposed to the risk of judicial proceedings with our borrowers and entities in which we invest, including bankruptcy or other litigation, as a strategy to avoid foreclosure or enforcement of other rights by us as a lender or investor. In the event that any of the properties or entities underlying or collateralizing our loans or investments experiences any of the foregoing events or occurrences, the value of, and return on, such investments could decline and could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Fluctuations in interest rates and credit spreads could reduce our ability to generate income on our loans and other investments, which could lead to a significant decrease in our results of operations, cash flows and the market value of our investments.

Our primary interest rate exposures relate to the yield on our loans and other investments and the financing cost of our debt, as well as any interest rate swaps that we utilize for hedging purposes. Changes in interest rates and credit spreads will affect our net income from loans and other investments, which is the difference between the interest and related income earned on interest-earning investments and the interest and related expense incurred in financing these investments. Interest rate and credit spread fluctuations resulting in our interest and related expense exceeding interest and related income would result in operating losses for us. Changes in the level of interest rates and credit spreads may also affect our ability to make loans or investments and the value of our loans and investments. Increases in interest rates and credit spreads may also negatively affect demand for loans and could result in higher borrower default rates.

Our operating results depend, in part, on differences between the income earned on our investments, net of credit losses, and our financing costs. The yields we earn on our floating-rate assets and our borrowing costs tend to move in the same direction in response to changes in interest rates. However, one can rise or fall faster than the other, causing our net interest margin to expand or contract. In addition, we could experience reductions in the yield on our investments and an increase in the cost of our financing. Although we seek to match the terms of our liabilities to the expected lives of loans that we acquire or originate, circumstances may arise in which our liabilities are shorter in duration than our assets, resulting in their adjusting faster in response to changes in interest rates. For any period during which our investments are not match-funded, the income earned on such investments may respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than the cost of our borrowings. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may immediately and significantly decrease our results of operations and cash flows and the market value of our investments. In addition, unless we enter into hedging or similar transactions with respect to the portion of our assets that we fund using our balance sheet, returns we achieve on such assets will generally increase as interest rates for those assets rise and decrease as interest rates for those assets decline.
Loans on properties in transition will involve a greater risk of loss than conventional mortgage loans.

We have in the past and may in the future invest in transitional loans to borrowers who are typically seeking short-term capital to be used in an acquisition or rehabilitation of a property. The typical borrower under a transitional loan has usually identified an undervalued asset that has been under-managed and/or is located in a recovering market. If the market in which the asset is located fails to improve according to the borrower's projections, or if the borrower fails to improve the quality of the asset's management and/or the value of the asset, the borrower may not receive a sufficient return on the asset to satisfy the transitional loan, and we bear the risk that we may not recover some or all of our investment.

Furthermore, the renovation, refurbishment or expansion of a property by a borrower involves risks of cost overruns and noncompletion. Estimates of the costs of improvements to bring an acquired property up to standards established for the market position intended for that property may prove inaccurate. Other risks may include rehabilitation costs exceeding original estimates, possibly making a project uneconomical, environmental risks, delays in legal and other approvals (e.g., for condominiums) and rehabilitation and subsequent leasing of the property not being completed on schedule. If such renovation is not completed in a timely manner, or if it costs more than expected, the borrower may experience a prolonged reduction of net operating income and may not be able to make payments on our investment on a timely basis or at all, which could result in significant losses.
In addition, borrowers usually use the proceeds of a conventional mortgage to repay a transitional loan. Transitional loans therefore are subject to risks of a borrower's inability to obtain permanent financing to repay the transitional loan. In the event of any default under transitional loans that may be held by us, we bear the risk of loss of principal and non-payment of interest

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and fees to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the mortgage collateral and the principal amount and unpaid interest of the transitional loan. To the extent we suffer such losses with respect to these transitional loans, it could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Prepayment rates may adversely affect the value of our portfolio of assets.

Generally, our borrowers may repay their loans prior to their stated final maturities. In periods of declining interest rates and/or credit spreads, prepayment rates on loans generally increase. If general interest rates or credit spreads decline at the same time, the proceeds of such prepayments received during such periods are likely to be reinvested by us in assets yielding less than the yields on the assets that were prepaid. We may not be able to reinvest the principal repaid at the same or higher yield of the original investment. In addition, the value of our assets may be affected by prepayment rates on loans. If we originate or acquire mortgage-related securities or a pool of mortgage securities, we anticipate that the underlying mortgages will prepay at a projected rate generating an expected yield. If we purchase assets at a premium to par value, when borrowers prepay their loans faster than expected, the corresponding prepayments on the mortgage-related securities may reduce the expected yield on such securities because we will have to amortize the related premium on an accelerated basis. Conversely, if we purchase assets at a discount to par value, when borrowers prepay their loans slower than expected, the decrease in corresponding prepayments on the mortgage-related securities may reduce the expected yield on such securities because we will not be able to accrete the related discount as quickly as originally anticipated. In addition, as a result of the risk of prepayment, the market value of the prepaid assets may benefit less than other fixed income securities from declining interest rates.

Prepayment rates on loans may be affected by a number of factors including, but not limited to, the then-current level of interest rates and credit spreads, fluctuations in asset values, the availability of mortgage credit, the relative economic vitality of the area in which the related properties are located, the servicing of the loans, possible changes in tax laws, other opportunities for investment, and other economic, social, geographic, demographic and legal factors and other factors beyond our control. Consequently, such prepayment rates cannot be predicted with certainty and no strategy can completely insulate us from prepayment or other such risks.

Difficulty in redeploying the proceeds from repayments of our existing loans and investments may cause our financial performance and returns to investors to suffer.

In light of our investment strategy and the need to be able to deploy capital quickly to capitalize on potential investment opportunities, we may from time to time maintain cash pending deployment into investments, which may at times be significant. Such cash may be held in an account of ours for the benefit of stockholders or may be invested in money market accounts or other similar temporary investments. While the duration of such holding period is expected to be relatively short, in the event we are unable to find suitable investments, such cash positions may be maintained for longer periods. It is not anticipated that the temporary investment of such cash into money market accounts or other similar temporary investments pending deployment into investments will generate significant interest, and such low interest payments on the temporarily invested cash may adversely affect our financial performance and returns to investors.

The due diligence process that our Manager undertakes in regard to investment opportunities may not reveal all facts that may be relevant in connection with an investment and if our Manager incorrectly evaluates the risks of our investments, we may experience losses.

Before making investments for us, our Manager conducts due diligence that it deems reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances relevant to each potential investment. When conducting diligence, our Manager may be required to evaluate important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, environmental and legal issues. Outside consultants, legal advisors, accountants and investment banks may be involved in the due diligence process in varying degrees depending on the type of potential investment. Our Manager's loss estimates may not prove accurate, as actual results may vary from estimates. If our Manager underestimates the asset-level losses relative to the price we pay for a particular investment, we may experience losses with respect to such investment.

In addition, it is difficult for real estate debt investors in certain circumstances to receive full transparency with respect to underlying investments because transactions are often effectuated on an indirect basis through pools or conduit vehicles rather than directly with the borrower. Loan structures or the terms of investments may make it difficult for us to monitor and evaluate investments. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our Manager will have knowledge of all information that may adversely affect such investment.



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Investments may be concentrated in terms of geography, asset types and sponsors, which could subject us to increased risk of loss.

We are not required to observe specific diversification criteria, except as may be set forth in the investment guidelines adopted by our board of directors. Therefore, our investments in our target assets may at times be concentrated in certain property types that may be subject to higher risk of default or foreclosure, or secured by properties concentrated in a limited number of geographic locations.

To the extent that our assets are concentrated in any one region, sponsor or type of asset, economic and business downturns generally relating to such type of asset, sponsor or region may result in defaults on a number of our investments within a short time period, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, because of asset concentrations, even modest changes in the value of the underlying real estate assets could have a significant impact on the value of our investment. As a result of any high levels of concentration, any adverse economic, political or other conditions that disproportionately affects those geographic areas or asset classes could have a magnified adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, and the value of our stockholders' investments could vary more widely than if we invested in a more diverse portfolio of loans.

Our investments in CMBS and other similarly structured finance investments would, as well as those we structure, sponsor or arrange, pose additional risks, including the risks of the securitization process, the risk that we will not be able to recover some or all of our investment, the possibility that the CMBS market will be significantly affected by current or future regulation and the risk that we will not be able to hedge or transfer our CMBS B-Piece investments for a significant period of time.

We have invested and may from time to time invest in pools or tranches of CMBS and other similar securities. The collateral underlying CMBS generally consists of commercial mortgages or real property that have a multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels. CMBS have been issued in a variety of issuances, with varying structures including senior and subordinated classes. Our investments in CMBS are subject to losses. In general, losses on a mortgaged property securing a senior loan included in a securitization will be borne first by the equity holder of the property, then by a cash reserve fund or letter of credit, if any, then by the holder of a mezzanine loan or B-Note, if any, then by the "first loss" subordinated security holder (generally, the B-Piece buyer) and then by the holder of a higher-rated security. In the event of default and the exhaustion of any equity support, reserve fund, letter of credit, mezzanine loans or B-Notes, and any classes of securities junior to those in which we invest, we will not be able to recover some or all of our investment in the securities we purchase. There can be no assurance that our CMBS underwriting practices will yield their desired results and there can be no assurance that we will be able to effectively achieve our investment objective or that projected returns will be achieved.

In addition, the CMBS market may be significantly affected by current or future regulation. The risk retention rules under the Dodd-Frank Act, which generally require a sponsor of a CMBS transaction to retain, directly or indirectly, at least 5% of the credit risk of the securitized assets collateralizing the CMBS, went into effect in December 2016. The impact of these requirements on the CMBS securitization market generally are uncertain and may result in many CMBS market participants ceasing origination of and investment in CMBS, a lack of liquidity in the CMBS market and increased costs in CMBS transactions. As a result, there may be little or no CMBS investment opportunities available to us and any opportunities that are available may be less attractive than CMBS opportunities prior to the effectiveness of the risk retention rules. The rules may also negatively affect the market value of our current CMBS holdings as well as the larger commercial real estate debt markets.

If we invest in a CMBS B-Piece because a sponsor of a CMBS utilizes us as an eligible third-party purchaser to satisfy the risk retention rules under the Dodd-Frank Act, we will be required to meet certain conditions, including holding the related CMBS B-Piece, without transferring or hedging the CMBS B-Piece, for a significant period of time (at least five years), which could prevent us from mitigating losses on the CMBS B-Piece. Even if we seek to transfer the CMBS B-Piece after five years, any subsequent purchaser of the CMBS B-Piece will be required to satisfy the same conditions that we were required to satisfy when we acquired the interest from the CMBS sponsor. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that any secondary market liquidity will exist for such CMBS B-Pieces.

We currently expect to make our CMBS B-Piece investments indirectly through our investment in an aggregator vehicle alongside RECOP, a KKR-managed investment fund. See "—Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager and Its Affiliates—There are various conflicts of interest in our relationship with KKR, including with our Manager and in the allocation of investment opportunities to KKR investment vehicles and us, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interests of our stockholders" and Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Our Portfolio."

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We may need to foreclose on certain of the loans we originate or acquire, which could result in losses that harm our results of operations and financial condition.

We may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on certain of the loans we originate or acquire, and the foreclosure process may be lengthy and expensive. If we foreclose on an asset, we may take title to the property securing that asset, and if we do not or cannot sell the property, we would then come to own and operate it as “real estate owned.” Owning and operating real property involves risks that are different (and in many ways more significant) than the risks faced in owning an asset secured by that property. In addition, the liquidation proceeds upon sale of the underlying real estate may not be sufficient to recover our cost basis in the loan, resulting in a loss to us.

Whether or not we have participated in the negotiation of the terms of any such loans, we cannot assure you as to the adequacy of the protection of the terms of the applicable loan, including the validity or enforceability of the loan and the maintenance of the anticipated priority and perfection of the applicable security interests. Furthermore, claims may be asserted by lenders or borrowers that might interfere with enforcement of our rights. Borrowers may resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against us, including, without limitation, lender liability claims and defenses, even when the assertions may have no basis in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action and seek to force the lender into a modification of the loan or a favorable buy-out of the borrower's position in the loan. In some states, foreclosure actions can take several years or more to litigate. At any time prior to or during the foreclosure proceedings, the borrower may file for bankruptcy, which would have the effect of staying the foreclosure actions and further delaying the foreclosure process and potentially resulting in a reduction or discharge of a borrower's debt. Foreclosure may create a negative public perception of the related property, resulting in a diminution of its value. Even if we are successful in foreclosing on a loan, the liquidation proceeds upon sale of the underlying real estate may not be sufficient to recover our cost basis in the loan, resulting in a loss. Furthermore, any costs or delays involved in the foreclosure of the loan or a liquidation of the underlying property will further reduce the net proceeds and, thus, increase any such loss to us.

We may be subject to lender liability claims, and if we are held liable under such claims, we could be subject to losses.

In recent years, a number of judicial decisions have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed "lender liability." Generally, lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has either violated a duty, whether implied or contractual, of good faith and fair dealing owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or stockholders. No assurance can be given that such claims will not arise or that we will not be subject to significant liability if a claim of this type did arise.

Any distressed loans or investments we make, or loans and investments that later become distressed, may subject us to losses and other risks relating to bankruptcy proceedings.

While our investment strategy focuses primarily on investments in "performing" real estate-related interests, our investment program may include making distressed investments from time to time (e.g., investments in defaulted, out-of-favor or distressed loans and debt securities) or may involve investments that become "non-performing" following our acquisition thereof. Certain of our investments may, therefore, include specific securities of companies that typically are highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of risk of substantial or total losses on our investments and in certain circumstances, may become subject to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of our original investment therein. For example, under certain circumstances, a lender who has inappropriately exercised control over the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions.

During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities of other issuers. Securities of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of companies not experiencing financial difficulties. The market prices of such securities are subject to erratic and abrupt market movements and the spread between bid and ask prices may be greater than normally expected. Investment in the securities of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk.

In certain limited cases (e.g., in connection with a workout, restructuring and/or foreclosing proceedings involving one or more of our debt investments), the success of our investment strategy with respect thereto will depend, in part, on our ability to effectuate loan modifications and/or restructures. The activity of identifying and implementing any such restructuring programs entails a high degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully identify and implement such

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restructuring programs. Further, such modifications and/or restructuring may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial writedown of the principal of such loan, debt securities or other interests. However, even if a restructuring were successfully accomplished, a risk exists that, upon maturity of such real estate loan, debt securities or other interests replacement "takeout" financing will not be available.

These financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause borrowers to become subject to bankruptcy or other similar administrative and operating proceedings. There is a possibility that we may incur substantial or total losses on our investments and in certain circumstances, become subject to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of our original investment therein. For example, under certain circumstances, a lender who has inappropriately exercised control over the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to our investments, we may lose our entire investment, may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than our original investment and/or may be required to accept payment over an extended period of time. In addition, under certain circumstances, payments to us and distributions by us to the stockholders may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, bankruptcy laws and similar laws applicable to administrative proceedings may delay our ability to realize value on collateral for loan positions held by us or may adversely affect the priority of such loans through doctrines such as equitable subordination or may result in a restructure of the debt through principles such as the "cramdown" provisions of the bankruptcy laws.

A prolonged economic slowdown, a lengthy or severe recession or declining real estate values could impair our investments and harm its operations.
We believe the risks associated with our business will be more severe during periods of economic slowdown or recession if these periods are accompanied by declining real estate values. Declining real estate values will likely reduce the level of new mortgage and other real estate‑related loan originations since borrowers often use appreciation in the value of their existing properties to support the purchase or investment in additional properties. Borrowers may also be less able to pay principal and interest on our loans if the value of real estate weakens. Further, declining real estate values significantly increase the likelihood that we will incur losses on its loans in the event of default because the value of our collateral may be insufficient to cover its cost on the loan. Any sustained period of increased payment delinquencies, foreclosures or losses could adversely affect our Manager’s ability to invest in, sell and securitize loans, which would materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and business and our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.
We may experience a decline in the fair value of our assets.
A decline in the fair value of our assets may require us to recognize an “other-than-temporary” impairment against such assets under GAAP if we were to determine that, with respect to any assets in unrealized loss positions, we do not have the ability and intent to hold such assets to maturity or for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery to the original acquisition cost of such assets. If such a determination were to be made, we would recognize unrealized losses through earnings and write down the amortized cost of such assets to a new cost basis, based on the fair value of such assets on the date they are considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Such impairment charges reflect non-cash losses at the time of recognition; subsequent disposition or sale of such assets could further affect our future losses or gains, as they are based on the difference between the sale price received and adjusted amortized cost of such assets at the time of sale. If we experience a decline in the fair value of our assets, it could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Some of our portfolio investments may be recorded at fair value and, as a result, there will be uncertainty as to the value of these investments.

Some or all of our portfolio investments may be in the form of positions or securities that are not publicly traded and are recorded at their estimated fair value. The fair value of investments that are not publicly traded may not be readily determinable. Our Manager will value these investments at fair value which may include unobservable inputs. Because such valuations are subjective, the fair value of certain of our assets may fluctuate over short periods of time and our Manager’s determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these securities existed. Our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected if our Manager’s determinations regarding the fair value of these investments were materially higher than the values that we ultimately realize upon their disposal.


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We may invest in derivative instruments, which would subject us to increased risk of loss.

Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may also invest in, or use as part of our investment strategy, certain derivative instruments, including swaps, futures, forwards and options. Generally, a derivative is a financial contract the value of which depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and may relate to individual debt or equity instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indices or other assets. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties under a derivative instrument are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” which may be significantly greater than the amount of cash or assets required to establish or maintain the derivative position. Accordingly, trading in derivative instruments can result in large amounts of leverage, which may magnify the gains and losses experienced by us in respect of derivative instruments and may result in a loss of capital that is more exaggerated than would have resulted from an investment that did not involve the use of leverage inherent in the derivative contract.
While the judicious use of derivative instruments can be beneficial, such instruments involve risks different from, and, in certain cases, greater than, the risks presented by more traditional investments. Many of the derivative instruments used by us will be privately negotiated in over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets. Such derivatives are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with equities and bonds. The use of derivative instruments also requires an understanding not only of the underlying asset, reference rate or index but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. The use of derivative instruments may also require us to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices below or above the current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation we can realize on an investment or may cause us to hold a security that it might otherwise want to sell. We may also have to defer closing out certain derivative positions to avoid adverse tax consequences and there may be situations in which derivative instruments are not elected that result in losses greater than if such instruments had been used. Furthermore, amounts paid by us as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to our derivative instruments would not be available to us for other investment purposes, which may result in lost opportunities for gain.

Investing in derivative instruments may present various additional market and counterparty-related risks including, but not limited to:
Lack of Liquidity: Derivative instruments, especially when purchased in large amounts, may not be liquid in all circumstances, so that in volatile markets we may not be able to close out a position without incurring a loss. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivative markets may experience the lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments, particularly because participants in OTC markets are not required to make continuous markets in the contracts they trade.

Volatility: The prices of derivative instruments, including swaps, futures, forwards and options, are highly volatile and such instruments may subject us to significant losses. The value of such derivatives also depends upon the price of the underlying asset, reference rate or index, which may also be subject to volatility. In addition, actual or implied daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on the exchanges or OTC markets in which we may conduct our transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting us to the potential of greater losses. Derivative instruments that may be purchased or sold by us may include instruments not traded on an exchange. The risk of nonperformance by the obligor on such an instrument may be greater and the ease with which we can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to such an instrument may be less than in the case of an exchange-traded instrument. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are traded OTC and not on an exchange. Such OTC derivatives are also typically not subject to the same type of investor protections or governmental regulation as exchange traded instruments.

Imperfect Correlation: When used for hedging purposes, an imperfect or variable degree of correlation between price movements of the derivative instrument and the underlying asset, reference rate or index sought to be hedged may prevent us from achieving the intended hedging effect or expose us to the risk of loss. The imperfect correlation between the value of a derivative and the underlying assets may result in losses on the derivative transaction that are greater than the gain in the value of the underlying assets in our portfolio.

Valuation Risk: The derivative instruments used by us may be difficult to value or involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, especially where the markets for such derivatives instruments are illiquid and/or such derivatives involve complex structures, or where there is imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative instrument and the underlying asset, reference rate or index.


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Counterparty Risk: Derivative instruments also involve exposure to counterparty risk, since contract performance depends in part on the financial condition of the counterparty. See “-Risks Related to Our Financing and Hedging -We will be subject to counterparty risk associated with any hedging activities.”

Additionally, our Manager may cause us to take advantage of investment opportunities with respect to derivative instruments that are neither presently contemplated nor currently available, but which may be developed in the future, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with our investment objectives and legally permissible. Any such investments may expose us to unique and presently indeterminate risks, the impact of which may not be capable of determination until such instruments are developed and/or our Manager determines to make such an investment on our behalf.

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies may subject us to foreign currency risks.

Although we have not done so to date, we may originate, invest in or acquire assets denominated in foreign currencies, which may expose us to foreign currency risk. As a result, a change in foreign currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on the valuation of our assets, as well as our income and distributions. Any such changes in foreign currency exchange rates may impact the measurement of such assets or income for the purposes of the REIT tests and may affect the amounts available for payment of dividends on our common stock. See "—Risks Related to Our REIT Status and Certain Other Tax Considerations."

Loans or investments involving international real estate-related assets are subject to special risks that we may not manage effectively, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

Our investment guidelines permit investments in non-U.S. assets, subject to the same guidelines as investments in U.S. assets. To the extent that we invest in non-U.S. real estate-related assets, we may be subject to certain risks associated with international investments generally, including, among others:

currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency to another; 

less developed or efficient financial markets than in the United States, which may lead to potential price volatility and relative illiquidity; 

the burdens of complying with international regulatory requirements and prohibitions that differ between jurisdictions; 
    
changes in laws or clarifications to existing laws that could impact our tax treaty positions, which could adversely impact the returns on our investments; 

a less developed legal or regulatory environment, differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance; 

political hostility to investments by foreign investors; 

higher inflation rates; 

higher transaction costs; 

difficulty enforcing contractual obligations; 
    
fewer investor protections; 

potentially adverse tax consequences; or 
    
other economic and political risks.

If any of the foregoing risks were to materialize, they could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.




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The lack of liquidity in certain of our target assets may adversely affect our business.

The illiquidity of some or all of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if the need or desire arises. In addition, certain of our investments may become less liquid after investment as a result of periods of delinquencies, defaults or turbulent market conditions, which may make it more difficult for us to dispose of such assets at advantageous times or in a timely manner. Moreover, many of our investments will not be registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in prohibitions on their transfer, sale, pledge or their disposition except in transactions that are exempt from registration requirements or are otherwise in accordance with such laws. As a result, many of our investments are expected to be illiquid, and if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we previously recorded our investments. Further, we may face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment to the extent that we or our Manager has or could be attributed as having material, non-public information regarding such business entity. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions may be relatively limited, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We have utilized and may utilize in the future non-recourse long-term securitizations to finance our loans and investments, which may expose us to risks that could result in losses.

We have utilized and may utilize in the future, non-recourse securitizations of certain of our portfolio investments to generate cash for funding new loans and investments and other purposes. These transactions generally involve us creating a special-purpose vehicle, contributing a pool of our assets to the entity, and selling interests in the entity on a non-recourse basis to purchasers (whom we would expect to be willing to accept a lower interest rate to invest in investment-grade loan pools). We would expect to retain all or a portion of the equity and potentially other tranches in the securitized pool of loans or investments. In addition, we have retained in the past and may in the future retain a pari passu participation in the securitized pool of loans.

Prior to any such financing, we may use short-term facilities to finance the acquisition of securities until a sufficient quantity of investments had been accumulated, at which time we would refinance these facilities through a securitization, such as a CMBS, or issuance of CLOs, or the private placement of loan participations or other long-term financing. As a result, we would be subject to the risk that we would not be able to acquire, during the period that our short-term facilities are available, a sufficient amount of eligible investments to maximize the efficiency of a CMBS, CLO or private placement issuance. We also would be subject to the risk that we would not be able to obtain short-term credit facilities or would not be able to renew any short-term credit facilities after they expire should we find it necessary to extend our short-term credit facilities to allow more time to seek and acquire the necessary eligible investments for a long-term financing. The inability to consummate securitizations of our portfolio to finance our loans and investments on a long-term basis could require us to seek other forms of potentially less attractive financing or to liquidate assets at an inopportune time or price, which could adversely affect our performance and our ability to grow our business. Moreover, conditions in the capital markets, including volatility and disruption in the capital and credit markets, may not permit a non-recourse securitization at any particular time or may make the issuance of any such securitization less attractive to us even when we do have sufficient eligible assets. We may also suffer losses if the value of the mortgage loans we acquire declines prior to securitization. Declines in the value of a mortgage loan can be due to, among other things, changes in interest rates and changes in the credit quality of the loan. In addition, we may suffer a loss due to the incurrence of transaction costs related to executing these transactions. To the extent that we incur a loss executing or participating in future securitizations for the reasons described above or for other reasons, it could materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition.
In addition, the securitization of our portfolio might magnify our exposure to losses because any equity interest we retain in the issuing entity would be subordinate to the notes issued to investors and we would, therefore, absorb all of the losses sustained with respect to a securitized pool of assets before the owners of the notes experience any losses. The inability to securitize our portfolio may hurt our performance and our ability to grow our business. At the same time, the securitization of our loans or investments might expose us to losses, as the residual loans or investments in which we do not sell interests will tend to be riskier and more likely to generate losses. Moreover, the Dodd-Frank Act contains a risk retention requirement for all asset-backed securities, which requires both public and private securitizers to retain not less than 5% of the credit risk of the assets collateralizing any asset-backed security issuance. Significant restrictions exist, and additional restrictions may be added in the future, regarding who may hold risk retention interests, the structure of the entities that hold risk retention interests and when and how such risk retention interests may be transferred. Therefore such risk retention interests will generally be illiquid. As a result of the risk retention requirements, we have and may in the future be required to purchase and retain certain interests in a securitization into which we sell mortgage loans and/or when we act as issuer, may be required to sell certain interests in a securitization at prices below levels that such interests have historically yielded and/or may be required to enter into certain arrangements related to risk retention that we have not historically been required to enter into. Accordingly, the risk retention rules may increase our potential liabilities and/or reduce our potential profits in connection with securitization of mortgage

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loans. It is likely, therefore, that these risk retention rules will increase the administrative and operational costs of asset securitizations.

Risks Related to Our Company

Our investment strategy may be changed without stockholder consent.

While we primarily seek to make real estate-related debt investments, our Manager may otherwise implement on our behalf strategies or discretionary approaches it believes from time to time may be best suited to prevailing market conditions in furtherance of that purpose, subject to the supervision and direction of our board of directors and the limitations set forth in our organizational documents and governing agreements. There can be no assurance that our Manager will be successful in implementing any particular investment strategy. Our Manager may change our investment strategy or asset allocation at any time without the consent of stockholders, which could result in our Manager making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the investments described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A change in our investment strategy may also increase our exposure to interest rate and real estate market fluctuations and could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Accounting rules for certain of our transactions are highly complex and involve significant judgment and assumptions, which could impact our ability to timely prepare consolidated financial statements.

Accounting rules for loan impairment, transfers of financial assets, securitization transactions, consolidation of VIEs, loan loss reserves and other aspects of our operations are highly complex and involve significant judgment and assumptions. These complexities could lead to a delay in preparation of financial information and the delivery of this information to our stockholders. Changes in accounting interpretations or assumptions could also impact our consolidated financial statements and our ability to timely prepare our consolidated financial statements. Our inability to timely prepare our consolidated financial statements in the future would likely have a significant adverse effect on our stock price.

Provisions for loan losses are difficult to estimate.
Our provision for loan losses is evaluated on a quarterly basis. The determination of our provision for loan losses requires us to make certain estimates and judgments, which may be difficult to determine. Our estimates and judgments are based on a number of factors, including projected cash flow from the collateral securing our loans, debt structure, including the availability of reserves and recourse guarantees, likelihood of repayment in full at the maturity of a loan, potential for refinancing and expected market discount rates for varying property types, all of which remain uncertain and are subjective. Our estimates and judgments may not be correct and, therefore, our results of operations and financial condition could be severely impacted.
In addition, in June 2016, the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326),” which replaces the current “incurred loss” model for recognizing credit losses with an “expected loss” model referred to as the Current Expected Credit Loss model, or CECL. Under the CECL model, which will become effective for us for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, we will be required to present certain financial assets carried at amortized cost, such as loans held for investment, at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is to be based on information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. This measurement will take place at the time the financial asset is first added to the balance sheet and updated quarterly thereafter. This differs significantly from the “incurred loss” model required under current GAAP, which delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. Accordingly, we expect that the adoption of the CECL model will materially affect how we determine our allowance for loan losses and could require us to significantly increase our allowance and recognize provisions for loan losses earlier in the lending cycle. Moreover, the CECL model may create more volatility in the level of our allowance for loan losses. If we are required to materially increase our level of allowance for loan losses for any reason, such increase could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Operational risks may disrupt our business, result in losses or limit our growth.

We rely heavily on KKR's financial, accounting, communications and other data processing systems. Such systems may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of tampering or a breach of the network security systems or otherwise. In addition, such systems are from time to time subject to cyberattacks. Breaches of our network security systems could involve attacks that are intended to obtain unauthorized access to our proprietary information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage our systems, often through the introduction of computer viruses, cyberattacks and other means and could originate

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from a wide variety of sources, including unknown third parties outside the firm. We and our Manager's employees have been and expect to continue to be the target of fraudulent calls, emails and other forms of activities. The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. In addition, cybersecurity has become a top priority for regulators around the world, and some jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data. Although KKR takes various measures to ensure the integrity of such systems, there can be no assurance that these measures will provide protection. If such systems are compromised, do not operate properly or are disabled, or if we fail to comply with the relevant laws and regulations, we could suffer financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage.

In addition, we are highly dependent on information systems and technology. Our information systems and technology may not continue to be able to accommodate our growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, could have a material adverse effect on us.

Furthermore, we depend on our headquarters in New York City, where most of our Manager's personnel are located, for the continued operation of our business. A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our business, including a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, or directly affecting our headquarters, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. KKR's disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm that may result from such a disaster or disruption. In addition, insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses, if at all.

Finally, we rely on third-party service providers for certain aspects of our business, including for certain information systems, technology and administration. Any interruption or deterioration in the performance of these third parties or failures of their information systems and technology could impair the quality of our operations and could affect our reputation and hence adversely affect our business.

All of our assets may be subject to recourse.

All of our assets, including any investments made by us and any funds held by us, may be available to satisfy all of our liabilities and other obligations. If we become subject to a liability, parties seeking to have the liability satisfied may have recourse to our assets generally and not be limited to any particular asset, such as the asset representing the investment giving rise to the liability.

State licensing requirements will cause us to incur expenses and our failure to be properly licensed may have a material adverse effect on us and our operations.

Nonbank companies are generally required to hold licenses in a number of U.S. states to conduct lending activities. State licensing statutes vary from state to state and prescribe or impose various recordkeeping requirements; restrictions on loan origination and servicing practices, including limits on finance charges and the type, amount and manner of charging fees; disclosure requirements; requirements that licensees submit to periodic examination; surety bond and minimum specified net worth requirements; periodic financial reporting requirements; notification requirements for changes in principal officers, stock ownership or corporate control; restrictions on advertising; and requirements that loan forms be submitted for review. Obtaining and maintaining licenses will cause us to incur expenses and failure to be properly licensed under state law or otherwise may have a material adverse effect on us and our operations.

Avoiding the need to register under the Investment Company Act imposes significant limits on our operations. Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

We currently conduct, and intend to continue to conduct, our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We believe we are not an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because we do not engage primarily, or hold ourselves out as being engaged primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. In addition, we intend to conduct our operations so that we do not come within the definition of an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act because less than 40% of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis will consist of "investment securities" (the "40% test"). Excluded from the term "investment securities" (as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act) are securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are themselves not investment companies and are not relying on the exclusion from the definition of investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.


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To avoid the need to register as an investment company, the securities issued to us by any wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries that we may form in the future that are excluded from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other investment securities we may own, may not have a value in excess of 40% of the value of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis. We will monitor our holdings to ensure ongoing compliance with this test, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to avoid the need to register as an investment company. The 40% test limits the types of businesses in which we may engage through our subsidiaries. In addition, the assets we and our subsidiaries may originate or acquire are limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Investment Company Act, which may adversely affect our business.

We hold our assets primarily through direct or indirect wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, certain of which are excluded from the definition of investment company pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. To qualify for the exclusion pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) based on positions set forth by the staff of the SEC, each such subsidiary generally is required to hold at least (i) 55% of its assets in "qualifying" real estate assets and (ii) at least 80% of its assets in "qualifying" real estate assets and real estate-related assets. For our subsidiaries that maintain this exclusion or another exclusion or exception under the Investment Company Act (other than Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) thereof), our interests in these subsidiaries do not and will not constitute "investment securities."

As a consequence of our seeking to avoid the need to register under the Investment Company Act on an ongoing basis, we and/or our subsidiaries may be restricted from making certain investments or may structure investments in a manner that would be less advantageous to us than would be the case in the absence of such requirements. In particular, a change in the value of any of our assets could negatively affect our ability to avoid the need to register under the Investment Company Act and cause the need for a restructuring of our investment portfolio. For example, these restrictions may limit our and our subsidiaries' ability to invest directly in mortgage-backed securities that represent less than the entire ownership in a pool of senior loans, debt and equity tranches of securitizations and certain asset-backed securities, non-controlling equity interests in real estate companies or in assets not related to real estate; however, we and our subsidiaries may invest in such securities to a certain extent. In addition, seeking to avoid the need to register under the Investment Company Act may cause us and/or our subsidiaries to acquire or hold additional assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or held or dispose of investments that we and/or our subsidiaries might not have otherwise disposed of, which could result in higher costs or lower proceeds to us than we would have paid or received if we were not seeking to comply with such requirements. Thus, avoiding registration under the Investment Company Act may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.

We will determine whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of our company. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act defines voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat entities in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. We have not requested that the SEC or its staff approve our treatment of any entity as a majority-owned subsidiary, and neither has done so. If the SEC or its staff were to disagree with our treatment of one or more subsidiary entities as majority-owned subsidiaries, we may need to adjust our strategy and our assets in order to continue to pass the 40% test. Any adjustment in our strategy or assets could have a material adverse effect on us.

We classify our assets for purposes of certain of our subsidiaries' Section 3(c)(5)(C) exclusion from the Investment Company Act based upon no-action positions taken by the SEC staff and interpretive guidance provided by the SEC and its staff. Based on such guidance, to qualify for the exclusion pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C), each such subsidiary generally is required to hold at least (i) 55% of its assets in "qualifying" real estate assets and (ii) 80% of its assets in "qualifying" real estate assets and real estate-related assets. "Qualifying" real estate assets for this purpose include senior loans, certain B-Notes and certain mezzanine loans that satisfy various conditions as set forth in SEC staff no-action letters and other guidance, and other assets that the SEC staff in various no-action letters and other guidance has determined are the functional equivalent of senior loans for the purposes of the Investment Company Act. We treat as real estate-related assets B-Notes and mezzanine loans that do not satisfy the conditions set forth in the relevant SEC staff no-action letters and other guidance, and debt and equity securities of companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses. Unless a relevant SEC no action letter or other guidance applies, we expect to treat preferred equity interests as real estate-related assets.The SEC has not published guidance with respect to the treatment of CMBS for purposes of the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exclusion. Unless the SEC or its staff issues guidance with respect to CMBS, we intend to treat CMBS as a real estate-related asset. These no-action positions are based on specific factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we and our subsidiaries may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than twenty years ago. There may be no guidance from the SEC staff that applies directly to our factual situations and as a result we may have to apply SEC staff guidance that relates to other factual situations by analogy. No assurance can be given that the SEC or its staff will concur with our classification of our assets. In addition, the SEC or its staff may, in the future, issue further guidance that may require us to re-classify our assets for purposes of the Investment

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Company Act, including for purposes of our subsidiaries' compliance with the exclusion provided in Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. There is no guarantee that we will be able to adjust our assets in the manner required to avoid the need to register under the Investment Company Act and any adjustment in our strategy or assets could have a material adverse effect on us.

To the extent that the SEC or its staff provide more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the definition of investment company and the exemptions to that definition, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. On August 31, 2011, the SEC issued a concept release and request for comments regarding the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exclusion (Release No. IC-29778) in which it contemplated the possibility of issuing new rules or providing new interpretations of the exemption that might, among other things, define the phrase "liens on and other interests in real estate" or consider sources of income in determining a company's "primary business." Any additional guidance from the SEC or its staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.

There can be no assurance that we and our subsidiaries will be able to successfully avoid operating as an unregistered investment company. If it were established that we were an unregistered investment company, there would be a risk that we would be subject to monetary penalties and injunctive relief in an action brought by the SEC, that we would be unable to enforce contracts with third parties, that third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company, and that we would be subject to limitations on corporate leverage that would have an adverse impact on our investment returns.

If we were required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to use borrowings), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act) and portfolio composition, including disclosure requirements and restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration and other matters. Compliance with the Investment Company Act would, accordingly, limit our ability to make certain investments and require us to significantly restructure our business plan, which could materially adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations, changes in the interpretation thereof or newly enacted laws or regulations and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could require changes to certain of our business practices, negatively impact our operations, cash flow or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, subject us to increased competition or otherwise adversely affect our business.

The laws and regulations governing our operations, as well as their interpretation, may change from time to time, and new laws and regulations may be enacted. Accordingly, any change in these laws or regulations, changes in their interpretation, or newly enacted laws or regulations and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could require changes to certain of our business practices, negatively impact our operations, cash flow or financial condition, impose additional costs on us or otherwise adversely affect our business. For example, from time to time the market for real estate debt transactions has been adversely affected by a decrease in the availability of senior and subordinated financing for transactions, in part in response to regulatory pressures on providers of financing to reduce or eliminate their exposure to such transactions. Furthermore, if regulatory capital requirements—whether under the Dodd-Frank Act, Basel III (i.e., the framework for a comprehensive set of capital and liquidity standards for internationally active banking organizations, which was adopted in June 2011 by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, an international body comprised of senior representatives of bank supervisory authorities and central banks from 27 countries, including the United States) or other regulatory action—are imposed on private lenders that provide us with funds, or were to be imposed on us, they or we may be required to limit, or increase the cost of, financing they provide to us or that we provide to others. Among other things, this could potentially increase our financing costs, reduce our ability to originate or acquire loans and reduce our liquidity or require us to sell assets at an inopportune time or price.

Various laws and regulations currently exist that restrict the investment activities of banks and certain other financial institutions but do not apply to us, which we believe creates opportunities for us to participate in certain investments that are not available to these more regulated institutions. However, following the U.S. Presidential election in November 2016, there have been several indications that the administration will seek to deregulate the financial industry, including by amending the Dodd-Frank Act, which may decrease the restrictions on banks and other financial institutions and allow them to compete with us for investment opportunities that were previously not available to them. See "—Risks Related to Our Lending and Investment Activities—We operate in a competitive market for lending and investment opportunities, and competition may limit our ability to originate or acquire desirable loans and investments or dispose of assets we target and could also affect the yields of these assets and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations."

There has been increasing commentary amongst regulators and intergovernmental institutions on the role of nonbank institutions in providing credit and, particularly, so-called "shadow banking," a term generally taken to refer to credit

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intermediation involving entities and activities outside the regulated banking system. For example, in August 2013, the Financial Stability Board issued a policy framework for strengthening oversight and regulation of "shadow banking" entities. The report outlined initial steps to define the scope of the shadow banking system and proposed general governing principles for a monitoring and regulatory framework. A number of other regulators, such as the Federal Reserve, and international organizations, such as the International Organization of Securities Commissions, are studying the shadow banking system. At this time, it is too early to assess whether any rules or regulations will be proposed or to what extent any finalized rules or regulations will have on the nonbank lending market. If rules or regulations were to extend to us or our affiliates the regulatory and supervisory requirements, such as capital and liquidity standards, currently applicable to banks, then the regulatory and operating costs associated therewith could adversely impact the implementation of our investment strategy and our returns. In an extreme eventuality, it is possible that such regulations could render the continued operation of our company unviable.

In the United States, the process established by the Dodd-Frank Act for designation of systemically important nonbank firms has provided a means for ensuring that the perimeter of prudential regulation can be extended as appropriate to cover large shadow banking institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act established the Financial Stability Oversight Council (the "FSOC"), which is comprised of representatives of all the major U.S. financial regulators, to act as the financial system's systemic risk regulator. The FSOC has the authority to review the activities of nonbank financial companies predominantly engaged in financial activities and designate those companies determined to be "systemically important" for supervision by the Federal Reserve. Such designation is applicable to companies where material distress could pose risk to the financial stability of the United States. On December 18, 2014, the FSOC released a notice seeking public comment on the potential risks posed by aspects of the asset management industry, including whether asset management products and activities may pose potential risks to the U.S. financial system in the areas of liquidity and redemptions, leverage, operational functions, and resolution, or in other areas. On April 18, 2016, the FSOC released an update on its multi-year review of asset management products and activities and created an interagency working group to assess potential risks associated with certain leveraged funds. While it cannot be known at this time whether any regulation will be implemented or what form it will take, increased regulation of nonbank credit extension could negatively impact our operations, cash flows or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, intensify the regulatory supervision of us or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Changes in laws or regulations governing the operations of borrowers could affect our returns with respect to those borrowers.

Government counterparties or agencies may have the discretion to change or increase regulation of a borrower's operations, or implement laws or regulations affecting a borrower's operations, separate from any contractual rights it may have. A borrower could also be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such company. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations, including, for example, the possible imposition or increase of taxes on income earned by a borrower or gains recognized by us on our investment in such borrower, that could impact a borrower's business as well as our return on our investment with respect to such borrower.

We are subject to risks from litigation filed by or against us.

Legal or governmental proceedings brought by or on behalf of third parties may adversely affect our financial results. Our investment activities may include activities that are hostile in nature and will subject it to the risks of becoming involved in such proceedings. The expense of defending claims against us and paying any amounts pursuant to settlements or judgments would be borne by us and would reduce net assets. Our Manager will be indemnified by us in connection with such proceedings, subject to certain conditions. Similarly, we may from time to time institute legal proceedings on behalf of ourselves or others, the ultimate outcome of which could cause us to incur substantial damages and expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The obligations associated with being a public company require significant resources and attention from our Manager's senior management team.

As a public company with listed equity securities, we must comply with laws, regulations and requirements, including the requirements of the Exchange Act, certain corporate governance provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"), related regulations of the SEC and requirements of the NYSE, with which we were not required to comply as a private company. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we establish and maintain effective internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. These reporting and other obligations place significant demands on our Manager's senior management team, administrative, operational and accounting resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. We may need to upgrade our systems or create new systems, implement additional financial and other controls,

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reporting systems and procedures, and create or outsource an internal audit function. If we are unable to accomplish these objectives in a timely and effective fashion, our ability to comply with the financial reporting requirements and other rules that apply to reporting companies could be impaired.

If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. In addition, beginning with this annual report on Form 10-K, we are required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Once we are no longer an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting on an annual basis. The process of designing, implementing and testing the internal controls over financial reporting required to comply with this obligation is time consuming, costly and complicated. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner or to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting is effective or if, once we are no longer an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected. We could also become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

We are an "emerging growth company," and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. We currently take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if we have more than $1.07 billion (as may be adjusted for inflation) in annual revenues as of the end of our fiscal year, we have more than $700.0 million in market value of our stock held by non-affiliates as of the end of our second fiscal quarter or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our per share trading price may be adversely affected and more volatile.

Risks Related to Our Financing and Hedging

Our indebtedness may subject us to increased risk of loss and could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We currently have outstanding indebtedness and, subject to market conditions and availability, we may incur a significant amount of additional debt through bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), warehouse facilities and structured financing arrangements, public and private debt issuances (including through securitizations) and derivative instruments, in addition to transaction or asset-specific funding arrangements and additional repurchase agreements. We may also issue debt or equity securities to fund our growth. The percentage of leverage we employ will vary depending on our available capital, our ability to obtain and access financing arrangements with lenders, the type of asset we are funding, whether the financing is recourse or non-recourse, debt restrictions contained in those financing arrangements and the lenders' and rating agencies' estimate of the stability of our investment portfolio's cash flow. We may significantly increase the amount of leverage we utilize at any time without approval of our board of directors. In addition, we may leverage individual assets at substantially higher levels. Incurring substantial debt could subject us to many risks that, if realized, would materially and adversely affect us, including the risk that:

our cash flow from operations may be insufficient to make required payments of principal of and interest on our debt or we may fail to comply with covenants contained in our debt agreements, which is likely to result in (1) acceleration

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of such debt (and any other debt containing a cross-default or cross-acceleration provision), which we then may be unable to repay from internal funds or to refinance on favorable terms, or at all, (2) our inability to borrow undrawn amounts under our financing arrangements, even if we are current in payments on borrowings under those arrangements, which would result in a decrease in our liquidity, and/or (3) the loss of some or all of our collateral assets to foreclosure or sale; 

our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions with no assurance that investment yields will increase in an amount sufficient to offset the higher financing costs; 

we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for operations, future business opportunities, stockholder distributions or other purposes; and 

we may not be able to refinance any debt that matures prior to the maturity (or realization) of an underlying investment it was used to finance on favorable terms or at all.

There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful, and such strategy may subject us to increased risk of loss and could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We leverage certain of our target assets, which may adversely affect our return on our investments and may reduce cash available for distribution.

We leverage certain of our target assets through borrowings under our repurchase agreements. Leverage can enhance our potential returns but can also exacerbate losses. The return on our investments and cash available for distribution to stockholders may be reduced if market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that can be derived from the assets acquired, which could adversely affect the price of our common stock. In addition, our debt service payments will reduce cash flow available for distributions to stockholders. As a borrower, we are also subject to the risk that we may not be able to meet our debt service obligations. To the extent that we cannot meet our debt service obligations, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale to satisfy our debt obligations.

The utilization of any of our repurchase facilities is subject to the pre-approval of the lender.

We utilize repurchase agreements to finance the purchase of certain investments. In order for us to borrow funds under a repurchase agreement, our lender must have the right to review the potential assets for which we are seeking financing and approve such assets in its sole discretion. Accordingly, we may be unable to obtain the consent of a lender to finance an investment and alternate sources of financing for such asset may not exist.


Our master repurchase agreements impose, and additional lending facilities may impose, restrictive covenants, which would restrict our flexibility to determine our operating policies and investment strategy and to conduct our business.

We borrow funds under master repurchase agreements with various counterparties. The documents that govern these master repurchase agreements and the related guarantees contain, and additional lending facilities may contain, customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants applicable to us that may restrict our flexibility to determine our operating policies and investment strategy. In particular, our master repurchase agreements require us to maintain a certain amount of cash or set aside assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position that would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would otherwise choose, which could reduce our return on assets. If we are unable to meet these collateral obligations, our financial condition and prospects could deteriorate rapidly. If we fail to meet or satisfy any of these covenants, we would be in default under these agreements, and our lenders could elect to declare outstanding amounts due and payable, terminate their commitments, require the posting of additional collateral and enforce their interests against existing collateral. We may also be subject to cross-default and acceleration rights in our other debt facilities. Further, this could also make it difficult for us to satisfy the requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or to avoid our registration under the Investment Company Act. Our master repurchase agreements also grant certain consent rights to the lenders thereunder which give them the right to consent to certain modifications to the pledged collateral. This could limit our ability to manage a pledged investment in a way that we think would provide the best outcome for our stockholders.

These types of financing arrangements also involve the risk that the market value of the assets pledged or sold by us to the provider of the financing may decline in value, in which case the lender or counterparty may require us to provide additional

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collateral or lead to margin calls that may require us to repay all or a portion of the funds advanced. We may not have the funds available to repay our debt at that time, which would likely result in defaults unless we are able to raise the funds from alternative sources including by selling assets at a time when we might not otherwise choose to do so, which we may not be able to achieve on favorable terms or at all. Posting additional margin would reduce our cash available to make other, higher yielding investments (thereby decreasing our return on equity). If we cannot meet these requirements, the lender or counterparty could accelerate our indebtedness, increase the interest rate on advanced funds and terminate our ability to borrow funds from it, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and ability to implement our investment strategy. In the case of repurchase transactions, if the value of the underlying security has declined as of the end of that term, or if we default on our obligations under the repurchase agreement, we will likely incur a loss on our repurchase transactions.

We depend on repurchase agreements, and may depend on bank credit facilities, warehouse facilities and structured financing arrangements, public and private debt issuances (including through securitizations) and derivative instruments, in addition to transaction or asset-specific funding arrangements and other sources of financing to execute our business plan, and our inability to access funding could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and business.

Our ability to fund our investments may be impacted by our ability to secure bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), warehouse facilities and structured financing arrangements, public and private debt issuances (including through securitizations) and derivative instruments, in addition to transaction or asset-specific funding arrangements and additional repurchase agreements on acceptable terms. We may also rely on short-term financing that would be especially exposed to changes in availability. Our access to sources of financing will depend upon a number of factors, over which we have little or no control, including:

general economic or market conditions; 

the market's view of the quality of our assets; 

the market's perception of our growth potential; 
    
our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions; and 

the market price of the shares of our common stock.

We may need to periodically access the capital markets to raise cash to fund new investments. Unfavorable economic or capital market conditions may increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or could result in a decision by our potential lenders not to extend credit. An inability to successfully access the capital markets could limit our ability to grow our business and fully execute our business strategy and could decrease our earnings and liquidity. In addition, any dislocation or weakness in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our lenders and could cause one or more of our lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide us with financing or to increase the costs of that financing. In addition, as regulatory capital requirements imposed on our lenders are increased, they may be required to limit, or increase the cost of, financing they provide to us. In general, this could potentially increase our financing costs and reduce our liquidity or require us to sell assets at an inopportune time or price. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to obtain any such financing on favorable terms or at all.

Interest rate fluctuations could increase our financing costs, which could lead to a significant decrease in our results of operations, cash flows and the market value of our investments.

To the extent that our financing costs are determined by reference to floating rates, such as LIBOR or a Treasury index, the amount of such costs will depend on the level and movement of interest rates. In a period of rising interest rates, our interest expense on floating-rate debt would increase, while any additional interest income we earn on our floating-rate investments may be subject to caps and may not compensate for such increase in interest expense. At the same time, the interest income we earn on our fixed-rate investments would not change, the duration and weighted average life of our fixed-rate investments would increase and the market value of our fixed-rate investments would decrease. Similarly, in a period of declining interest rates, our interest income on floating-rate investments would decrease, while any decrease in the interest we are charged on our floating-rate debt may be subject to floors and may not compensate for such decrease in interest income and interest we are charged on our fixed-rate debt would not change. Any such scenario could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.


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Changes in the method for determining LIBOR or a replacement of LIBOR may affect the value of the financial obligations to be held or issued by us that are linked to LIBOR and could affect our results of operations or financial condition.
 
Regulators and law-enforcement agencies from a number of governments, including entities in the United States, Japan, Canada and the United Kingdom, have been conducting civil and criminal investigations into whether the banks that contributed to the British Bankers’ Association, or the BBA, in connection with the calculation of daily LIBOR may have underreported or otherwise manipulated or attempted to manipulate LIBOR. Several financial institutions have reached settlements with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice Fraud Section and the U.K. Financial Services Authority in connection with investigations by such authorities into submissions made by such financial institutions to the bodies that set LIBOR and other interbank offered rates. In such settlements, such financial institutions admitted to submitting rates to the BBA that were lower than the actual rates at which such financial institutions could borrow funds from other banks. Additional investigations remain ongoing with respect to other major banks and no assurance can be made that there will not be further admissions or findings of rate setting manipulation or that improper manipulation of LIBOR or other similar inter-bank lending rates will not occur in the future.
Based on a review conducted by the Financial Conduct Authority of the U.K., or the FCA, and a consultation conducted by the European Commission, proposals have been made for governance and institutional reform, regulation, technical changes and contingency planning. In particular: (a) new legislation has been enacted in the United Kingdom pursuant to which LIBOR submissions and administration are now “regulated activities” and manipulation of LIBOR has been brought within the scope of the market abuse regime; (b) legislation has been proposed which if implemented would, among other things, alter the manner in which LIBOR is determined, compel more banks to provide LIBOR submissions, and require these submissions to be based on actual transaction data; and (c) LIBOR rates for certain currencies and maturities are no longer published daily. In addition, pursuant to authorization from the FCA, ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (formerly NYSE Euronext Rate Administration Limited), or the IBA, took over the administration of LIBOR from the BBA on February 1, 2014. Any new administrator of LIBOR may make methodological changes to the way in which LIBOR is calculated or may alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of LIBOR.
In a speech on July 27, 2017, Andrew Bailey, the Chief Executive of the FCA, announced the FCA’s intention to cease sustaining LIBOR after 2021. The FCA has statutory powers to require panel banks to contribute to LIBOR where necessary. The FCA has decided not to ask, or to require, that panel banks continue to submit contributions to LIBOR beyond the end of 2021. The FCA has indicated that it expects that the current panel banks will voluntarily sustain LIBOR until the end of 2021. The FCA’s intention is that after 2021, it will no longer be necessary for the FCA to ask, or to require, banks to submit contributions to LIBOR. The FCA does not intend to sustain LIBOR through using its influence or legal powers beyond that date. It is possible that the IBA and the panel banks could continue to produce LIBOR on the current basis after 2021, if they are willing and able to do so, but we cannot make assurances that LIBOR will survive in its current form, or at all. The Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S.-dollar LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities. Although there have been a few issuances utilizing SOFR or the Sterling Over Night Index Average, an alternative reference rate that is based on transactions, it is unknown whether these alternative reference rates will attain market acceptance as replacements for LIBOR.
We cannot predict the effect of the FCA’s decision not to sustain LIBOR, or, if changes are ultimately made to LIBOR, the effect of those changes. Any such changes, reforms or replacements relating to LIBOR could increase our interest expense and could have an adverse impact on the market for or value of any LIBOR-linked securities, loans, derivatives and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to us or on our overall financial condition or results of operations.

We are subject to counterparty risk associated with our debt obligations.

Our counterparties for critical financial relationships may include both domestic and international financial institutions. These institutions could be severely impacted by credit market turmoil, changes in legislation, allegations of civil or criminal wrongdoing and may as a result experience financial or other pressures. In addition, if a lender or counterparty files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, our borrowings under financing agreements with them may become subject to bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, thus depriving us, at least temporarily, of the benefit of these assets. Such an event could restrict our access to financing and increase our cost of capital. If any of our counterparties were to limit or cease operation, it could lead to financial losses for us.




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We may utilize a wide variety of derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes, the use of which may entail greater than ordinary investment risks.

While not anticipated to be a meaningful component of our investment strategy, we may, subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, utilize a wide variety of derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes, the use of which is a highly specialized activity that may entail greater than ordinary investment risks. Any such hedging transactions may not be effective in mitigating risk in all market conditions or against all types of risk (including unidentified or unanticipated risks), thereby resulting in losses to us. Engaging in hedging transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for us than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transaction, and our Manager may not be able to effectively hedge against, or accurately anticipate, certain risks that may adversely affect our investment portfolio. In addition, our investment portfolio will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be fully or effectively hedged, such as credit risk relating both to particular securities and counterparties.

Hedging may adversely affect our earnings, which could reduce our cash available for distribution to stockholders.

Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may pursue various hedging strategies to seek to reduce our exposure to adverse changes in interest rates and fluctuations in currencies. Our hedging activity will vary in scope based on the level and volatility of interest rates, exchange rates, the type of assets held and other changing market conditions. Interest rate and currency hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect us because, among other things:

interest, currency and/or credit hedging can be expensive and may result in us generating less net income; 

available interest or currency rate hedges may not correspond directly with the interest rate or currency risk for which protection is sought; 

due to a credit loss, prepayment or asset sale, the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related asset or liability; 

the amount of income that a REIT may earn from hedging transactions (other than hedging transactions that satisfy certain requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") or that are done through a taxable REIT subsidiary) to offset interest rate losses is limited by U.S. federal income tax provisions governing REITs;

the credit quality of the hedging counterparty owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; 

we may fail to recalculate, readjust and execute hedges in an efficient manner; and 

legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur and may adversely affect our ability to pursue hedging strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies.

Any hedging activity in which we engage may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. Therefore, while we may enter into such transactions seeking to reduce risks, unanticipated changes in interest rates, credit spreads or currencies may result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions or liabilities being hedged may vary materially. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio positions or liabilities being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss.

In addition, some hedging instruments involve additional risk because they are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities. Consequently, we cannot assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration, which could result in significant losses. In addition, certain regulatory requirements with respect to derivatives, including record keeping, financial responsibility or segregation of customer funds and positions are still under development and could impact our hedging transactions and how we and our counterparty must manage such transactions.




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We are subject to counterparty risk associated with any hedging activities.

We are subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to derivative contracts (whether a clearing corporation in the case of exchange-traded instruments or to our hedge counterparty in the case of OTC instruments). If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, we may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a dissolution, assignment for the benefit of creditors, liquidation, winding-up, bankruptcy, or other analogous proceeding. In the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative transaction would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If we are owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative transaction and our claim is unsecured, we will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. We may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances. In addition, the business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom we enter into a hedging transaction will most likely result in its default, which may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force us to cover our commitments, if any, at the then current market price.

Currently, certain categories of interest rate and credit default swaps are subject to mandatory clearing, and more are expected to be cleared in the future. The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivative transactions because generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties' performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that a clearing house, or its members, will satisfy the clearing house's obligations to us. Counterparty risk with respect to certain exchange-traded and OTC derivatives may be further complicated by recently enacted U.S. financial reform legislation.

We may enter into hedging transactions that could expose us to contingent liabilities in the future.

Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, part of our investment strategy may involve entering into hedging transactions that could require us to fund cash payments in certain circumstances (such as the early termination of the hedging instrument caused by an event of default or other early termination event, or the decision by a counterparty to request margin securities it is contractually owed under the terms of the hedging instrument). The amount due with respect to an early termination would generally be equal to the unrealized loss of such open transaction positions with the respective counterparty and could also include other fees and charges. These economic losses will be reflected in our results of operations, and our ability to fund these obligations will depend on the liquidity of our assets and access to capital at the time, and the need to fund these obligations could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

If we enter into certain hedging transactions or otherwise invest in certain derivative instruments, failure to obtain and maintain an exemption from being regulated as a commodity pool operator by our Manager could subject us to additional regulation and compliance requirements which could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended, and rules promulgated thereunder (the "CFTC Rules") by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC") establish a comprehensive regulatory framework for certain derivative instruments, including swaps, futures and foreign exchange derivatives ("Regulated CFTC Instruments"). Under this regulatory framework, mortgage real estate investment trusts ("mREITs") that trade in Regulated CFTC Instruments are considered "commodity pools" and the operators of such mREITs would be considered "commodity pool operators" ("CPOs"). Absent an exemption, a CPO of an mREIT must register with the CFTC and become subject to CFTC Rules applicable to registered CPOs, including with respect to disclosure, reporting, recordkeeping and business conduct in respect of the mREIT. We may from time to time, directly or indirectly, invest in Regulated CFTC Instruments, which may subject us to oversight by the CFTC.

Our Manager has qualified for the exemption from the CPO registration requirement in respect of our company pursuant to the no-action relief issued by the CFTC staff to operators of qualifying mREITs and has filed a notice of exemption with the CFTC. Our Manager qualifies for the exemption in respect of our company on the basis that we identify as a "mortgage REIT" for U.S. federal income tax purposes and our trading in Regulated CFTC Instruments does not exceed a certain de minimis threshold identified in the no-action relief. Subject to any amendments to CFTC Rules or the position of the CFTC staff, including the continuing availability of the mREIT no-action relief, our Manager will seek to either comply with CFTC Rules without relying on any exemption from CPO registration or rely on other exemptions (which may prevent us from trading in Regulated CFTC Instruments in order to satisfy the conditions for the relevant exemption).

The CFTC has substantial enforcement power with respect to violations of the laws over which it has jurisdiction, including anti-fraud and anti-manipulation provisions. Among other things, the CFTC may suspend or revoke the registration of a person who fails to comply, prohibit such a person from trading or doing business with registered entities, impose civil money

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penalties, require restitution and seek fines or imprisonment for criminal violations. Additionally, a private right of action exists against those who violate the laws over which the CFTC has jurisdiction or who willfully aid, abet, counsel, induce or procure a violation of those laws. In the event we fail to receive interpretive relief from the CFTC on this matter, are unable to claim an exemption from registration and fail to comply with the regulatory requirements of these new rules, we may be unable to use certain types of hedging instruments or we may be subject to significant fines, penalties and other civil or governmental actions or proceedings, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager and Its Affiliates

We depend on our Manager and its personnel for our success. We may not find a suitable replacement for our Manager if the management agreement is terminated, or if key personnel cease to be employed by our Manager and its affiliates or otherwise become unavailable to us.

We do not have any employees and are externally managed and advised by our Manager, an indirect subsidiary of KKR. Our Manager has significant discretion as to the implementation of our investment and operating policies and strategies. Accordingly, our success depends on the efforts, experience, diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the officers and key personnel of our Manager and its affiliates. Our Manager is managed by senior professionals of KKR Real Estate. These individuals evaluate, negotiate, execute and monitor our loans and investments and advise us regarding maintenance of our qualification as a REIT and exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act; therefore, our success will depend on their skill and management expertise and continued service with our Manager and its affiliates. Furthermore, there is increasing competition among financial sponsors, investment banks and other real estate debt investors for hiring and retaining qualified investment professionals and there can be no assurance that such professionals will continue to be associated with us, our Manager or its affiliates or that any replacements will perform well. The departure of any of the officers or key personnel of our Manager and its affiliates could have a material adverse effect on our performance.

In addition, we can offer no assurance that our Manager will remain our investment manager or that we will continue to have access to our Manager's officers and key personnel. The current term of the management agreement extends to October 8, 2019 and will be automatically renewed for additional one-year terms thereafter; provided, however, that our Manager may terminate the management agreement annually upon 180 days' prior notice. If the management agreement is terminated and no suitable replacement is found to manage us, we may not be able to execute our business plan.

Termination of the management agreement would be costly.

Termination of the management agreement without cause will be difficult and costly. The management agreement may be terminated upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors, based upon (1) unsatisfactory performance by our Manager that is materially detrimental to us and our subsidiaries taken as a whole or (2) our determination that the management fee and incentive fee payable to our Manager are not fair, subject to our Manager's right to prevent any termination due to unfair fees by accepting a reduction of management and/or incentive fees agreed to by at least two-thirds of our independent directors. We must provide our Manager 180 days' written notice of any termination. Additionally, upon such a termination, or if we materially breach the management agreement and our Manager terminates the management agreement, the management agreement provides that we will pay our Manager a termination fee equal to three times the sum of the average annual management fee and the average annual incentive fee, in each case earned by our Manager during the 24-month period immediately preceding the most recently completed calendar quarter prior to the date of termination. These provisions increase the cost to us of terminating the management agreement and adversely affect our ability to terminate the management agreement without cause.

Our Manager's liability is limited under the management agreement and we have agreed to indemnify our Manager against certain liabilities.

Pursuant to the management agreement, our Manager does not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder in good faith and is not responsible for any action of our board of directors in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendations of our Manager, including as set forth in the investment guidelines of the management agreement. Under the terms of the management agreement, our Manager and its affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees, managers, trustees, control persons, partners, equityholders and stockholders are not liable to us, our directors, stockholders or any subsidiary of ours, or their directors, officers, employees or stockholders for any acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, whether by or through attempted piercing of the corporate veil, by or through a claim, by the enforcement of any judgment or assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding, or by virtue of any statute, regulation or other applicable law, or otherwise, except by reason of acts or omissions constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties under the management

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agreement. We have agreed to indemnify our Manager and its affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and stockholders with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts or omissions of our Manager not constituting bad faith, fraud, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties, performed or not performed in good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement. As a result, we could experience poor performance or losses for which our Manager would not be liable.

The historical returns generated by funds managed by affiliates of our Manager should not be considered indicative of our future results or of any returns expected on an investment in shares of our common stock.

The past performance of vehicles and funds advised by affiliates of our Manager, as well as KKR's and its affiliates' other investment funds, vehicles and accounts, is not predictive of our performance, in particular because the investment objectives of such other funds, vehicles and accounts differ from our investment objectives. Investors should not assume that they will experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by investors in such vehicles. Moreover, we and the other vehicles advised by affiliates of our Manager are different in several respects, including:

asset or instrument types targeted may differ; 

our use of leverage and hedging strategies may differ; 

our fee structures differ; 

we may not acquire or sell assets at similar times; and 

the other vehicles advised by affiliates of our Manager have operated under market conditions that may differ materially from market conditions that will exist at the time we make investments.

Our Manager has limited experience managing a REIT and avoiding registration under the Investment Company Act.

Our Manager has limited experience managing a portfolio of assets under guidelines designed to allow us to remain qualified as a REIT and to avoid our registration under the Investment Company Act, which may hinder its ability to achieve our investment objectives. Even though our Manager will be overseen by KKR, our investment focus, qualification as a REIT and exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act is different from those of other entities that are or have been managed by investment professionals associated with such affiliates. In addition, maintaining our REIT qualification and exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act will limit the types of investments we are able to make. If our Manager is unable to achieve our investment strategy and invest in our target assets as expected, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. We can offer no assurance that our Manager will be able to replicate the historical success of its affiliates or their management teams' success, and our Manager's investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by those funds.

Our Manager's fee structure may not create proper incentives or may induce our Manager and its affiliates to make certain loans or investments, including speculative investments, which increase the risk of our loan and investment portfolio.

We pay our Manager base management fees regardless of the performance of our portfolio. Our Manager's entitlement to base management fees, which are not based upon performance metrics or goals, might reduce its incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking loans and investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns for our portfolio. Because the base management fees are also based in part on our outstanding equity, our Manager may also be incentivized to advance strategies that increase our equity, and there may be circumstances where increasing our equity will not optimize the returns for our stockholders. Consequently, we are required to pay our Manager base management fees in a particular period despite experiencing a net loss or a decline in the value of our portfolio during that period.

In addition, our Manager has the ability to earn incentive fees each quarter based on our earnings, which may create an incentive for our Manager to invest in assets with higher yield potential, which are generally riskier or more speculative, or sell an asset prematurely for a gain, in an effort to increase our short-term net income and thereby increase the incentive fees to which it is entitled. If our interests and those of our Manager are not aligned, the execution of our business plan and our results of operations could be adversely affected, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.



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There are various conflicts of interest in our relationship with KKR, including with our Manager and in the allocation of investment opportunities to KKR investment vehicles and us, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interests of our stockholders.

We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with KKR, including our Manager and its affiliates. Until such time as (1) KKR and its affiliates cease to own at least 25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (2) KKR REFT Asset Holdings LLC ("KKR REFT Asset Holdings") elects to convert the share of our special voting preferred stock into one share of our common stock or (3) beneficial and/or record ownership of the share of our special voting preferred stock is transferred to any person other than KKR or its affiliates, the share of our special voting preferred stock gives KKR REFT Asset Holdings the right, solely with respect to the election of members of our board of directors, to vote the number of votes necessary to equal a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in an election of directors and thereby control our policy and operations. In addition, pursuant to our stockholders agreement, so long as KKR REFT Asset Holdings and its affiliates own at least 25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, KKR REFT Asset Holdings will have the right to nominate at least half of the directors to our board of directors. In addition, we are managed by our Manager, a KKR affiliate, and our executive officers are employees of our Manager or one or more of its affiliates. There is no guarantee that the policies and procedures adopted by us, the terms and conditions of the management agreement or the policies and procedures adopted by our Manager, KKR and their affiliates, will enable us to identify, adequately address or mitigate these conflicts of interest.

Some examples of conflicts of interest that may arise by virtue of our relationship with our Manager and KKR include:

Fees and expenses.  KKR may earn fees and/or other compensation from us, our holding vehicles and other entities through which we invest, and, in connection with equity investments made by us, if any, entities in which we invest ("portfolio entities"). In particular, KKR has in the past and may in the future act as underwriter or placement agent in connection with an offering of securities or instruments by us and other entities in which we invest and may also provide syndication services to such entities, including in respect of co-investments in transactions in which we participate. The fee potential inherent in a particular investment or transaction could be viewed as an incentive for our Manager to seek to refer, allocate or recommend an investment or transaction to us. In addition, we or our portfolio entities may engage consultants, including KKR Capstone, a group of entities that are not KKR affiliates or subsidiaries but operate under several consulting agreements with KKR, and our Manager's network of senior advisors, industry advisors and real estate consultants. We will directly bear, or indirectly bear through portfolio entities, the cost of operating and consulting services provided by these consultants. While our Manager believes that the fees, reimbursable expenses and other compensation paid to these consultants are reasonable and generally at market rates for the relevant activities, such compensation is not negotiated at arm's length and from time to time may be in excess of fees, reimbursable expenses or other compensation that may be charged by comparable third parties. In addition, we may provide loans or otherwise invest alongside one or more KKR investment vehicles or with KKR (investing for their own account) and other co-investors. We and KKR investment vehicles may also pursue similar real estate credit investment strategies. Our Manager and KKR will determine, in their sole discretion, the appropriate allocation of investment-related expenses, including broken deal expenses incurred in respect of unconsummated investments and expenses more generally relating to a particular investment strategy, among the funds, vehicles and accounts participating or that would have participated in such investments or that otherwise participate in the relevant investment strategy, as applicable, which may result in us bearing more or less of these expenses than other participants or potential participants in the relevant investments.

KKR's investment advisory and proprietary activities.  KKR may make strategic investments or enter into transactions for operational funding purposes, which, in each case, will be investments or transactions that are not offered to us, and also may make opportunistic investments pursuant to investment strategies that mirror, or are similar to in whole or in part, investment strategies implemented by us and KKR on behalf of itself and KKR investment vehicles. Therefore, KKR and its affiliates may compete with, and have interests adverse to us. The existence of KKR, its affiliates and KKR investment vehicles investing in the same or similar investments that may be made by us could, among other adverse consequences, affect the terms of loans and other investments pursued by us and the demand for such financing. In such circumstances, KKR's interest in maximizing the investment return of its proprietary entities creates a conflict of interest in that our Manager may be motivated to allocate more attractive investments to the proprietary entities under its management and allocate less attractive investments to us. Similarly, KKR may be motivated to allocate scarce investment opportunities to the proprietary entities under its management rather than to us. Additionally, KKR has in the past given and is expected to continue to give advice or take action (including entering into short sales or other "opposite way trading" activities) with respect to the investments held by, and transactions of, KKR investment vehicles or proprietary entities of KKR that are different from or otherwise inconsistent with, the advice given or timing or nature of any action taken with respect to the investments held by us and our transactions. Additionally, the investment programs employed by KKR for KKR investment vehicles or

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proprietary entities of KKR could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by our Manager in managing our company. Where our company, proprietary entities of KKR and KKR investment vehicles have provided financing to the same borrower, their interests may be in conflict irrespective of whether their investments are at different levels of the capital structure. 

Other KKR activities.  Conflicts of interest may arise in allocating time, services or resources among our investment activities, KKR investment vehicles, KKR, other entities affiliated with KKR and the senior officers of KKR. Although members of the KKR Real Estate team intend to devote such time as may be necessary to conduct our business affairs in an appropriate manner, our Manager and KKR will continue to devote the resources necessary to manage the investment activities of KKR, KKR investment vehicles, other entities affiliated with KKR and the executives of KKR and, therefore, conflicts may arise in the allocation of time, services and resources. KKR is not precluded from conducting activities unrelated to us. In addition, KKR may expand the range of services that it provides over time. Except as and to the extent expressly provided in the management agreement with our Manager, our Manager and KKR will not be restricted in the scope of their business or in the performance of any such services (whether now offered or undertaken in the future) even if such activities could give rise to conflicts of interest.

No assurance of ability to participate in investment opportunities.  As indicated above, certain KKR investment vehicles, including any seed investments, do and may in the future pursue the same investment opportunities as us. Subject to our organizational documents and governing agreements, KKR has sole discretion to determine the manner in which investment opportunities are allocated between us, KKR and KKR investment vehicles. This allocation presents inherent conflicts of interest where demand exceeds available supply. As a result, our share of investment opportunities may be materially affected by competition from KKR investment vehicles and from proprietary entities of KKR. The conflicts inherent in making such allocation decisions may not always be resolved to our advantage. Generally, and subject to our organizational documents and governing agreements, our Manager will allocate investment opportunities between us and KKR investment vehicles in a manner that is consistent with an allocation methodology established by our Manager reasonably designed to help ensure allocations of opportunities are made over time on a fair and equitable basis. However, we will not necessarily have any priority in respect of any category of investments, and the allocation of investment opportunities in accordance with our Manager's allocation methodology may result in us being allocated less than a pro rata share of an investment opportunity or none of such opportunity. For example, on January 10, 2017 we made a $40.0 million commitment to an aggregator vehicle alongside RECOP, a KKR-managed investment fund. During the aggregator vehicle's investment period, investment opportunities available to KKR that fall within the primary investment strategy of acquiring newly issued CMBS B-Pieces will be shared pro rata between such aggregator vehicle and another KKR aggregator vehicle based on capital commitments. In respect of investments that are within the vehicles' investment objective but outside the primary investment strategy that are suitable for us or other KKR investment vehicles, KKR will allocate such opportunities among the aggregators, us and such other KKR investment vehicles in their sole discretion. For more information, see Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Our Portfolio." In addition, certain KKR investment vehicles have priority investment rights to certain investment opportunities that may be suitable for us, and such vehicles with priority investment rights could be established by KKR in the future. These include, but are not limited to, KKR's special situations, mezzanine and real estate funds. 

Duties owed to KKR investment vehicles.  KKR, including our Manager, may structure an investment as a result of which one or more KKR investment vehicles are offered the opportunity to participate in the same or separate debt tranche of an investment allocated to us. As advisor to such KKR investment vehicles, KKR, including our Manager, may owe a fiduciary or other duty to the KKR investment vehicles and may face a conflict of interest in respect of the advice they give to, or the decisions made with regard to, us and such KKR investment vehicles. 

Co-investments.  We may co-invest together with KKR investment vehicles and/or KKR proprietary balance sheet entities in some or all of our investment opportunities. KKR may also offer co-investment opportunities to vehicles in which KKR personnel, non-employee consultants and other associated persons of KKR or any of its affiliate entities may invest and to third-party co-investors. In such circumstances, the size of the investment opportunity otherwise available to us may be less than it would otherwise have been, and we may participate in such opportunities on different and potentially less favorable economic terms than such parties if our Manager deems such participation as being otherwise in our best interests. Furthermore, when KKR proprietary entities or KKR investment vehicles have interests or requirements that do not align with our interests, including differing liquidity needs or desired investment horizons, conflicts may arise in the manner in which any voting or control rights are exercised with respect to the relevant investment, potentially resulting in an adverse impact on us. Generally, such transactions are not required to be presented to our board of directors for approval, and there can be no assurances that any conflicts will be resolved in our favor.

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Investments in which KKR and/or KKR investment vehicles have a different principal interest.  Without the approval of KKR's global conflicts and compliance committee, we will not acquire a controlling interest in any class or tranche of debt securities of any borrower in which KKR or any KKR investment vehicle has a pre-existing controlling equity interest (excluding any investments shared by us and such parties upon initial investment or any related follow-on investment). However, in circumstances where KKR's global conflicts and compliance committee approves a transaction of this type, approval by our board of directors is generally not required, and our interests and those of KKR or such KKR investment vehicle may not always be aligned, which may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest and actions taken for us may be adverse to KKR or such KKR investment vehicle, or vice versa. 

Competing interests; allocation of resources.   KKR may make investments on behalf of itself and/or KKR investment vehicles that are competitive with our investments. In providing advice and recommendations to, or with respect to, such investments and in dealing in such investments on behalf of such KKR investment vehicles or KKR, to the extent permitted by law, KKR will not take into consideration our interests or our Manager's investments. Accordingly, such advice, recommendations and dealings may result in adverse consequences to us and our investments. Conflicts of interest may also arise with respect to the allocation of our Manager's time and resources between our investments and other investments. In addition, conflicts of interest may arise where KKR personnel and non-employee consultants serve as directors or interim executives of, or otherwise are associated with, our portfolio entities (e.g., if the entity is in financial difficulty) or entities that are competitors of certain of our portfolio entities. 

Information sharing.  Although we have leveraged, and plan to continue to leverage KKR's firm-wide resources to help source, conduct due diligence on, structure, syndicate and create value for our investments, the information-sharing policies and procedures of KKR relating to confidential information and the information barrier between the public and private side of KKR, as well as certain legal and contractual and tax constraints, could significantly limit our ability to do so. In addition, in providing services in respect of our investments and other investments, our Manager may come into possession of information that it is prohibited from acting on (including on our behalf) or disclosing as a result of applicable confidentiality requirements or applicable law, even though such action or disclosure would be in our interests. Furthermore, to the extent not restricted by confidentiality requirements or applicable law, KKR may apply experience and information gained in providing services to our investments to provide services to competing investments of KKR investment vehicles, which may have adverse consequences for us or our investments. 

Other affiliate transactions.  We may borrow money from multiple lenders, including KKR. Although our Manager will approve such transactions only on terms, including the consideration to be paid, that are determined by our Manager in good faith to be appropriate for us, it is possible that the interests of such affiliated lender could be in conflict with ours and the interests of our stockholders. KKR may also, on our behalf, effect transactions, including transactions in the secondary markets where KKR is also acting as a broker or other advisor on the other side of the same transaction. Notwithstanding that KKR may not receive commissions from such agency cross-transactions, it may nonetheless have a potential conflict of interest with respect to us and the other parties to those transactions to the extent it receives commissions or other compensation from such other parties.

KKR stakes in third-party hedge fund managers.  KKR has stakes in third-party hedge fund managers. Funds and accounts managed by such third-party managers and underlying portfolio funds and accounts may invest in securities or other financial instruments of companies in which we may also have an interest, or in competitors of ours or our investments. Actions taken by any of these third-party hedge fund managers in respect of any of the foregoing may adversely impact our company. 

Transactions with any KKR fund or affiliate.   Pursuant to the terms of the management agreement, and subject to applicable law, our Manager will not consummate on our behalf any transaction that involves (i) the sale of any investment to or (ii) the acquisition of any investment from KKR, any KKR fund or any of their affiliates unless such transaction (A) is on terms no less favorable to us than could have been obtained on an arm's length basis from an unrelated third party and (B) has been approved in advance by a majority of our independent directors. Although our Manager will seek to resolve any conflicts of interest in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with the allocation policy and its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among KKR funds generally, only those transactions set forth in this paragraph will be required to be presented for approval by the independent directors. 

Management agreement.  The management agreement was negotiated between related parties and its terms, including fees payable to our Manager, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third

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party. In addition, we may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights under the management agreement because of our desire to maintain an ongoing relationship with our Manager. 

Service providers.  Certain advisors and other service providers, or their affiliates (including accountants, administrators, lenders, bankers, brokers, attorneys, consultants and investment or commercial banking firms), to us and our investments may also provide goods or services to or have business, personal, political, financial or other relationships with KKR (including our Manager). Such advisors and service providers may be investors in KKR investment vehicles, sources of investment opportunities for KKR, our company or KKR investment vehicles or may otherwise be co-investors with or counterparties to transactions involving the foregoing. These relationships may influence our Manager in deciding whether to select or recommend such a service provider to perform services for us or a borrower (the cost of which will generally be borne directly or indirectly by us or such borrower, as applicable).

Our Manager manages our portfolio pursuant to very broad investment guidelines and is not required to seek the approval of our board of directors for each investment, financing, asset allocation or hedging decision made by it, which may result in riskier loans and investments and which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our Manager is authorized to follow very broad investment guidelines that provide it with broad discretion over investment, financing, asset allocation and hedging decisions. Our board of directors will periodically review our investment guidelines and our loan and investment portfolio but will not, and will not be required to, review and approve in advance all of our proposed loans and investments or our Manager's financing, asset allocation or hedging decisions. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, our directors may rely primarily on information provided to them by our Manager or its affiliates. Subject to maintaining our REIT qualification and our exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act, our Manager has significant latitude within the broad investment guidelines in determining the types of loans and investments it makes for us, and how such loans and investments are financing or hedged, which could result in investment returns that are substantially below expectations or that result in losses, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We do not own the KKR name, but we will use it as part of our corporate name pursuant to a license agreement with KKR. Use of the name by other parties or the termination of our license agreement may harm our business.

We entered into a license agreement with KKR pursuant to which it granted us a fully paid-up, royalty-free, non-exclusive license to use the name "KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc." and the ticker symbol "KREF". Under this agreement, we have a right to use this name and ticker symbol for so long as our Manager (or another affiliate of KKR) serves as our Manager pursuant to the management agreement and our Manager (or another managing entity) remains an affiliate of KKR under the license agreement. The license agreement may also be earlier terminated by either party as a result of certain breaches or for convenience upon 90 days' prior written notice. KKR and its affiliates retain the right to continue using the "KKR" name. We are also unable to preclude KKR and its affiliates from licensing or transferring ownership of the "KKR" name to third parties, some of whom may compete with us. Consequently, we are unable to prevent any damage to goodwill that may occur as a result of the activities of KKR or others. Furthermore, in the event that the license agreement is terminated, we will be required to change our name and ticker symbol and cease using the "KKR" name. Any of these events could disrupt our recognition in the marketplace, damage any goodwill we may have generated and otherwise harm our business.

Risks Related to Our REIT Status and Certain Other Tax Considerations

If we do not maintain our qualification as a REIT, we will be subject to tax as a regular corporation and could face a substantial tax liability.

We expect to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Code. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only a limited number of judicial or administrative interpretations exist. Our continued qualification as a REIT will depend on our continuing ability to meet various requirements concerning, among other things, our sources of income, the nature of our investments, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. Notwithstanding the availability of cure provisions in the Code, various compliance requirements could be failed and could jeopardize our REIT status. Furthermore, new tax legislation, administrative guidance or court decisions, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any tax year, then:

we would be taxed as a regular domestic corporation, which under current laws, among other things, means being unable to deduct distributions to stockholders in computing taxable income and being subject to U.S. federal income tax on taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates


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any resulting tax liability could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our book value; 

unless we were entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we would be required to pay taxes as described above, and thus, our cash available for distribution to stockholders would be reduced for each of the years during which we do not qualify as a REIT and for which we had taxable income; and

we generally would not be eligible to elect to be taxed as a REIT for the subsequent four full taxable years.

Even if we maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may incur tax liabilities that would reduce our cash available for distribution to stockholders.

Even if we maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may become subject to U.S. federal income taxes and related state and local taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are "dealer" properties sold by a REIT (a "prohibited transaction" under the Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. Similarly, if we were to fail an income or asset test (and did not lose our REIT status because such failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect), we would have to pay a penalty tax, which could be material. We also may decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of our investments and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and seek a refund of such tax on such return. We also may be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, including franchise, payroll, mortgage recording and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own assets. For example, our taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash available for distribution to stockholders.

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities and limit our expansion opportunities.

In order to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, our sources of income, the nature of our investments in real estate and related assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may also be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.

Complying with REIT requirements may force us to liquidate or restructure otherwise attractive investments.

In order to qualify as a REIT, we must also ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets. The remainder of our investments in securities cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer unless we and such issuer jointly elect for such issuer to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary under the Code. The total value of all of our investments in taxable REIT subsidiaries cannot exceed 20% of the value of our total assets. In addition, no more than 5% of the value of our assets can consist of the securities of any one issuer other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, and no more than 25% of our assets can consist of debt of "publicly offered" REITs (i.e., REITs that are required to file annual and periodic reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act) that is not secured by real property or interests in real property. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we must dispose of a portion of our assets or otherwise come into compliance within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in order to avoid losing our REIT status and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate or restructure otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge liabilities and assets. Any income from a properly identified hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets or to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to our REIT qualifying income, or to offset any such hedging transaction, does not constitute "gross income" for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests that we must satisfy in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of these gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we intend to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or

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implement those hedges through a taxable REIT subsidiary. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our taxable REIT subsidiaries would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in our taxable REIT subsidiaries generally will not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income in the taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Our charter does not permit any person (including certain entities treated as individuals for this purpose) to own more than 9.8% of any class or series of our outstanding capital stock, and attempts to acquire shares of any class or series of our capital stock in excess of this 9.8% limit would not be effective without an exemption from those prohibitions by our board of directors.

To maintain our qualification as a REIT, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities). Our charter provides that no person may beneficially or constructively own more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of any class or series of our outstanding capital stock, provided that KKR and certain of its affiliates are excluded from this limitation. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a person from this limitation if it obtains such representations, covenants and undertakings as it deems appropriate to conclude that granting the exemption will not cause us to lose our status as a REIT. The constructive ownership rules under the Code and our charter are complex and may cause shares of our outstanding stock owned by a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of any class or series of our outstanding capital stock by an individual or entity could cause an individual to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of such class or series of our outstanding capital stock, and thus violate the ownership limit. Any attempted transfer of our capital stock that, if effective, would result in a violation of the ownership limit, will cause the number of shares causing the violation to automatically be transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries designated by us and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in the shares. Despite these restrictions, it is possible that there could be five or fewer individuals who own more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock, which could cause us to fail to continue to qualify as a REIT. In addition, there can be no assurance that our board of directors, as permitted in our charter, will not decrease this ownership limit in the future (provided, however, that a decreased stock ownership limit will not be effective for any person whose ownership of our stock is in excess of the decreased ownership limit until such person's ownership percentage of our stock equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit).

The ownership limit could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction in which holders of our common stock might receive a premium for their shares over the then prevailing market price or which holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interests (and even if such change in control would not reasonably jeopardize our REIT status). The exemptions to the ownership limit granted to date may limit our board of directors' power to increase the ownership limit or grant further exemptions in the future.

We may choose to make distributions in the form of shares of our own stock, in which case stockholders may be required to pay income taxes without receiving any cash dividends.

In connection with our qualification as a REIT, we are required to annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. To satisfy this requirement, we may make distributions that are payable in cash and/or shares of our common stock at the election of each stockholder. As a publicly offered REIT, as long as at least 20% of the total dividend is available in cash and certain other requirements are satisfied, the IRS will treat the stock distribution as a dividend (to the extent applicable rules treat such distribution as being made out of our earnings and profits). Taxable stockholders receiving such distributions will be required to include the full amount of such distributions as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. holders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such distributions in excess of the cash portion of the distribution received. Accordingly, U.S. holders receiving a distribution of our shares may be required to sell shares received in such distribution or may be required to sell other stock or assets owned by them, at a time that may be disadvantageous, in order to satisfy any tax imposed on such distribution. If a U.S. holder sells the stock that it receives as part of the distribution in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount it must include in income with respect to the distribution, depending on the value of our shares at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. holders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such distribution, including in respect of all or a portion of such distribution that is payable in stock, by withholding or disposing of part of the shares included in such distribution and using the proceeds of such disposition to satisfy the withholding tax imposed. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividend income, such sale may put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.


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Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to certain non-corporate U.S. holders is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced qualified dividend rates. For taxable years before January 1, 2026, however, non-corporate taxpayers may deduct up to 20% of certain pass-through business income, including “qualified REIT dividends” (generally, dividends received by a REIT shareholder that are not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income), subject to certain limitations, resulting in an effective maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 29.6% on such income. Although the reduced U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends and the reduced corporate tax rate (currently 21%) could cause certain non-corporate investors to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock.

Our taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for distribution, including as a result of our investments in certain debt instruments, causing us to recognize "phantom income" for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and certain modifications of debt instruments by us could cause the modified debt to not qualify as a good REIT asset, thereby jeopardizing our REIT qualification.

To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our net taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gains. We will be subject to regular corporate income taxes on any undistributed REIT taxable income each year, including net capital gains. Additionally, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from previous years.

Our taxable income may substantially exceed our net income as determined based on GAAP, or differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. For example, we may acquire assets, including debt securities requiring us to accrue OID or recognize market discount income, that generate taxable income in excess of economic income or in advance of the corresponding cash flow from the assets referred to as "phantom income," and this may be more likely under the new rules regarding the timing of income on such assets that applied beginning in 2018 (or, with respect to debt securities with OID, apply beginning in 2019). In addition, if a borrower with respect to a particular debt instrument encounters financial difficulty rendering it unable to pay stated interest as due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as taxable income with the effect that we will recognize income but will not have a corresponding amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Finally, we may be required under the terms of indebtedness that we incur to use cash received from interest payments to make principal payments on that indebtedness, with the effect of recognizing income but not having a corresponding amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Also, in certain circumstances, our ability to deduct interest expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be limited.

As a result of the foregoing, we may generate less cash flow than taxable income in a particular year and find it difficult or impossible to meet the REIT distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In such circumstances, we may be required to (a) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (b) borrow on unfavorable terms, (c) distribute amounts that would otherwise be used for future acquisitions or used to repay debt, or (d) make a taxable distribution of our common stock as part of a distribution in which stockholders may elect to receive shares of our common stock or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements.

We may agree to modify the terms of distressed and other debt instruments that we hold. If the amendments to the outstanding debt are "significant modifications" under the applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, the modified debt may be considered to have been reissued to us in a debt-for-debt taxable exchange with the borrower. In certain circumstances, this deemed reissuance may prevent the modified debt from qualifying as a good REIT asset if the underlying security has declined in value and could cause us to recognize income to the extent the principal amount of the modified debt exceeds our adjusted tax basis in the unmodified debt.

The failure of a mezzanine loan to qualify as a real estate asset could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.

We originate and acquire mezzanine loans, for which the IRS has provided a safe harbor but not rules of substantive law. Pursuant to the safe harbor, if a mezzanine loan meets certain requirements, it will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, and interest derived from the mezzanine loan will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT 75% income test. Our mezzanine loans typically do not meet all of the requirements of this safe harbor. In the event we own a mezzanine loan that does not meet the safe harbor, the IRS could challenge such loan's

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treatment as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests and, if such a challenge were sustained, we could fail to qualify as a REIT, unless we are able to qualify for a statutory REIT "savings" provision, which may require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.

Our investments in certain loans may require us to make estimates about the fair value of land improvements that may be challenged by the IRS.

We have invested and may invest in mortgage loans and mezzanine loans in which the underlying real property was under construction. Such mortgage loans (and mezzanine loans, to the extent they are otherwise qualifying) generally will be treated as real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests, and interest derived from such loans will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT 75% income test, provided that the “loan value” of the real property securing the loan is equal to or greater than the highest outstanding principal amount of the loan during any taxable year. With respect to construction loans, the value of the real property securing the loan is the fair value of the land plus the reasonably estimated cost of improvements or developments (other than personal property) that secure the loan and that are to be constructed from the proceeds of the loan. The IRS could challenge our estimates as to the loan value of the real property associated with such construction loans. If such a challenge were sustained and all or a portion of the loan was not treated as a real estate asset, we could fail to qualify as a REIT, unless we are able to qualify for a statutory REIT “savings” provision, which may require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.

We may fail to qualify as a REIT if the IRS successfully challenges our characterization for U.S. federal income tax purposes of our mezzanine loans or preferred equity investments.

We have invested and may invest in the future in preferred equity investments and mezzanine loans. There is limited case law and administrative guidance addressing whether instruments similar to our mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments will be treated as equity or debt for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We typically do not anticipate obtaining private letter rulings from the IRS or opinions of counsel on the characterization of those investments for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the IRS successfully recharacterizes a mezzanine loan or preferred equity investment as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would be treated as owning the assets held by the partnership or limited liability company that issued the security and we would be treated as receiving our proportionate share of the income of that entity. If that partnership or limited liability company owned nonqualifying assets or earned nonqualifying income, we may not be able to satisfy all of the REIT income or asset tests. Alternatively, if we are treating a mezzanine loan or preferred equity investment as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the IRS successfully recharacterizes the investment as debt, then that investment may be treated as a nonqualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test and as producing nonqualifying income for 75% gross income test. In addition, such an investment may be subject to the 10% value test and the 5% asset tests. Accordingly, we could fail to qualify as a REIT if the IRS successfully challenges our characterization of our mezzanine loans or preferred equity investments for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless we are able to qualify for a statutory REIT "savings" provision, which may require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.

The tax on prohibited transactions will limit our ability to engage in transactions, including certain methods of securitizing or syndicating mortgage loans that would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

A REIT's net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax with no offset for losses. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, but including mortgage loans, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We might be subject to this tax if we dispose of, securitize or syndicate loans in a manner that was treated as a sale of the loans, if we frequently buy and sell securities in a manner that is treated as dealer activity with respect to such securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, in order to avoid the prohibited transactions tax, we may choose to engage in certain sales of assets through a taxable REIT subsidiary and not at the REIT level, and may limit the structures we utilize for our securitization transactions, even though the sales or structures might otherwise be beneficial to us.

The failure of assets subject to repurchase agreements to qualify as real estate assets could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.

We have entered into financing arrangements that are structured as sale and repurchase agreements pursuant to which we nominally sell certain of our assets to a counterparty and simultaneously enter into an agreement to repurchase these assets at a later date in exchange for a purchase price. Economically, these agreements are financings that are secured by the assets sold pursuant thereto. We believe that we are treated for REIT asset and income test purposes as the owner of the assets that are the subject of such sale and repurchase agreements notwithstanding that such agreements may transfer record ownership of the

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assets to the counterparty during the term of the agreement. It is possible, however, that the IRS could assert that we do not own the assets during the term of the related sale and repurchase agreement, in which case we could fail to qualify as a REIT.

Liquidation of assets may jeopardize our REIT qualification.

To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are treated as dealer property or inventory.

Certain financing activities may subject us to U.S. federal income tax and could have negative tax consequences for our stockholders.

We may enter into securitization transactions and other financing transactions that could result in us, or a portion of our assets, being treated as a taxable mortgage pool for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If we enter into such a transaction in the future, we could be taxable at the highest corporate income tax rate on a portion of the income arising from a taxable mortgage pool, referred to as "excess inclusion income," that is allocable to the percentage of our shares held in record name by disqualified organizations (generally tax-exempt entities that are exempt from the tax on unrelated business taxable income, such as state pension plans and charitable remainder trusts and government entities). In that case, we could reduce distributions to such stockholders by the amount of tax paid by us that is attributable to such stockholder's ownership.

If we were to realize excess inclusion income, IRS guidance indicates that the excess inclusion income would be allocated among our stockholders in proportion to the dividends paid. Excess inclusion income cannot be offset by losses of a stockholder. If the stockholder is a tax-exempt entity and not a disqualified organization, then this income would be fully taxable as unrelated business taxable income under Section 512 of the Code. If the stockholder is a foreign person, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the maximum tax rate and withholding will be required on this income without reduction or exemption pursuant to any otherwise applicable income tax treaty.

Our qualification as a REIT may be dependent on the accuracy of legal opinions or advice rendered or given or statements by the issuers of assets that we acquire, and the inaccuracy of any such opinions, advice or statements may adversely affect our REIT qualification and result in significant corporate-level tax.

When purchasing securities, we may rely on opinions or advice of counsel for the issuer of such securities, or statements made in related offering documents, for purposes of determining whether such securities represent debt or equity securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the value of such securities, and also to what extent those securities constitute qualified real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests and produce income that qualifies under the 75% gross income test. The inaccuracy of any such opinions, advice or statements may adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT and result in significant corporate-level tax.

Any taxable REIT subsidiaries owned by us are subject to corporate-level taxes and our dealings with our taxable REIT subsidiaries may be subject to 100% excise tax.

A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Overall, no more than 20% of the gross value of a REIT's assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm's length basis.

Domestic taxable REIT subsidiaries that we own or may form will pay U.S. federal, state and local income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but will not be required to be distributed to us, unless necessary to maintain our REIT qualification. In certain circumstances, the ability of our taxable REIT subsidiaries to deduct interest expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be limited. While we plan to monitor the aggregate value of the securities of our taxable REIT subsidiaries and intend to conduct our affairs so that such securities will represent less than 20% of the value of our total assets, there can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the taxable REIT subsidiary limitation or avoid the application of the 100% excise tax discussed above in all market conditions.


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We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the price of our common stock.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. The changes under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) significantly changed the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to businesses and their owners, including REITs and their stockholders. Additional, technical corrections or other amendments to the TCJA or administrative guidance interpreting the TCJA may be forthcoming at any time. We cannot predict the long-term effect of the TCJA or any future law changes on REITs and their stockholders.
Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the impact of recent legislation on your investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares. Although REITs generally receive certain tax advantages compared to entities taxed as regular corporations, it is possible that the TCJA and future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a corporation. Our charter provides our board of directors with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, without the vote of our stockholders. Our board of directors has duties to us and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in the best interest of our company.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

KKR controls us and its interests may conflict with ours or those of our stockholders in the future.

As of December 31, 2018, KKR and its affiliates beneficially owned shares of our common stock providing them with an aggregate 38% of the total voting power of our company. Furthermore, until such time as (1) KKR and its affiliates cease to own at least 25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (2) KKR REFT Asset Holdings elects to convert the share of our special voting preferred stock into one share of our common stock or (3) beneficial and/or record ownership of the share of our special voting preferred stock is transferred to any person other than KKR or its affiliates, the share of our special voting preferred stock gives KKR REFT Asset Holdings the right, solely with respect to the election of members of our board of directors, to vote the number of votes necessary to equal a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in an election of directors and thereby control our policy and operations. In addition, pursuant to our stockholders agreement, so long as KKR REFT Asset Holdings and its affiliates own at least 25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, KKR REFT Asset Holdings will have the right to nominate at least half of the directors to our board of directors. See "—Risks Related to Our Relationship with Our Manager and Its Affiliates."

By virtue of KKR's stock ownership and voting power, in addition to its board designation rights, KKR has the power to significantly influence our business and affairs and is able to influence the outcome of matters required to be submitted to stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors, amendments to our charter, mergers or sales of assets. The influence exerted by KKR over our business and affairs might not be consistent with the interests of some or all of our stockholders. In addition, the concentration of ownership in our officers or directors or stockholders associated with them may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, including transactions that would be in the best interests of our stockholders and would result in receipt of a premium to the price of our shares of common stock (and even if such change in control would not reasonably jeopardize our qualification as a REIT), and might negatively affect the market price of our common stock.

We are a "controlled company" within the meaning of the rules of the NYSE and, as a result, will qualify for, and rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.

KKR and its affiliates control a majority of the combined voting power of all classes of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. As a result, we will be a "controlled company" within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of the NYSE. Under these rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power in the election of directors is held by an individual, group or another company is a "controlled company" and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements. For example, controlled companies:

are not required to have a board of directors that is comprised of a majority of "independent directors," as defined under the rules of such exchange; 

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are not required to have a compensation committee that is comprised entirely of independent directors; and 

are not required to have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is comprised entirely of independent directors.

We intend to utilize these exemptions. Accordingly, for so long as we utilize these exemptions, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.

Certain of our pre-IPO stockholders also hold interests in our Manager, which may influence the incentives that such pre-IPO stockholders have with respect to matters between us and our Manager and such interest may not be consistent with the interest of some or all of our stockholders

Certain of our pre-IPO stockholders collectively hold, as of December 31, 2018, a 29.2% interest in our Manager through their ownership of a class of non-voting limited liability company interests in our Manager (the "Non-Voting Manager Units"). This interest means that these pre-IPO stockholders indirectly share in the fees paid by us to our Manager, which may influence the incentives that such stockholders have with respect to matters between us and our Manager and which interests may not be consistent with our interests of some or all of our stockholders.

Provisions of our charter and bylaws and Maryland law may deter takeover attempts, which may limit the opportunity of our stockholders to sell their shares at a favorable price.

Some of the provisions of Maryland law and our charter and bylaws discussed below could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so might be beneficial to our stockholders by providing them with the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium to the then current market price.

Issuance of stock without stockholder approval.    Our charter authorizes our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to authorize the issuance of up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, one share of special voting preferred stock and one share of special non-voting preferred stock. Our charter also authorizes our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock into other classes or series of stock and to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that are authorized by the charter to be issued. Preferred stock may be issued in one or more classes or series, the terms of which may be determined by our board of directors without further action by stockholders. Prior to issuance of any such class or series, our board of directors will set the terms of any such class or series, including the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption. The issuance of any preferred stock could materially adversely affect the rights of holders of common stock and, therefore, could reduce the value of the common stock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of our preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. The power of our board of directors to cause us to issue preferred stock could, in certain circumstances, make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a change in control, thereby preserving the current stockholders' control.

Advance notice bylaw.    Our bylaws contain advance notice procedures for the introduction by a stockholder of new business and the nomination of directors by a stockholder. These provisions could, in certain circumstances, discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect stockholder-nominated directors and to propose and, consequently, approve stockholder proposals opposed by management.

Maryland takeover statutes.    We are subject to the Maryland Business Combination Act, which could delay or prevent an unsolicited takeover of us. The statute substantially restricts the power of third parties who acquire, or seek to acquire, control of us without the approval of our board of directors to complete mergers and other business combinations even if such transaction would be beneficial to stockholders. "Business combinations" between such a third-party acquirer or its affiliate and us are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the acquirer becomes an "interested stockholder." An "interested stockholder" is defined as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding stock. If our board of directors approved in advance the transaction that would otherwise give rise to the acquirer attaining such status, the acquirer would not become an interested stockholder and, as a result, it could enter into a business combination with us. Our board of directors may, however, provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions

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determined by it. Even after the lapse of the five-year prohibition period, any business combination with an interested stockholder must be recommended by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

80% of the votes entitled to be cast by stockholders; and 

two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by stockholders other than the interested stockholder and affiliates and associates thereof.

The super-majority vote requirements do not apply if, among other considerations, the transaction complies with a minimum price and form of consideration requirements prescribed by the statute. The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that an interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our board of directors has by resolution exempted business combinations between us and any other person, provided that such business combination is first approved by our board of directors.

The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act of the Maryland General Corporation Law provides that a holder of control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition has no voting rights with respect to the control shares except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquiror, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:

one-tenth or more but less than one-third; 

one-third or more but less than a majority; or 

a majority or more of all voting power.

Control shares do not include shares the acquiror is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiror does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may, subject to certain limitations and conditions, redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved or, if no meeting is held, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of a majority of the voting power, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.

The control share acquisition statute does not apply to (a) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting any acquisition of our stock by any person from the foregoing provisions on control shares, which may be amended by our board of directors. In the event that our bylaws are amended to modify or eliminate this provision, acquisitions of our common stock may constitute a control share acquisition.

The Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act ("MUTA") permits the board of directors of a Maryland corporation with at least three independent directors and a class of stock registered under the Exchange Act, without stockholder approval and notwithstanding any contrary provision in its charter or bylaws, to implement certain takeover defenses, including adopting a classified board, increasing the vote required to remove a director or providing that each vacancy on the board of directors may

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be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum. These provisions could have the effect of limiting or precluding a third party from making an unsolicited acquisition proposal for our company or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price. Our charter contains a provision whereby we have elected to be subject to the provisions of MUTA relating to the filling of vacancies on our board of directors.

In addition, our charter includes certain limitations on the ownership and transfer of our common stock. See "—Risks Related to Our REIT Status and Certain Other Tax Items—Our charter does not permit any person (including certain entities treated as individuals for this purpose) to own more than 9.8% of any class or series of our outstanding capital stock, and attempts to acquire shares of any class or series of our capital stock in excess of this 9.8% limit would not be effective without a prior exemption from those prohibitions by our board of directors."

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions not in your best interests.

Our charter limits the liability of our present and former directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Under Maryland law, our present and former directors and officers will not have any liability to us and our stockholders for money damages other than liability resulting from:

actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or 

active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.

Our charter authorizes us to indemnify our present and former directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our bylaws require us to indemnify each present and former director or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we may be obligated to pay or reimburse the defense costs incurred by our present and former directors and officers without requiring a preliminary determination of their ultimate entitlement to indemnification.

Our charter contains provisions that make removal of our directors difficult, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to effect changes to our management.

Our charter provides that, subject to the rights of any series of preferred stock, a director may be removed only for cause upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. Under our charter, cause means conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that a director caused demonstrable, material harm to our company through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty. Vacancies may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if less than a quorum. These requirements make it more difficult to change our management by removing and replacing directors and may prevent a change in control of our company that is in the best interests of our stockholders.

Our charter contains provisions that are designed to reduce or eliminate duties of KKR and its affiliates and our directors with respect to corporate opportunities and competitive activities.

Our charter contains provisions designed to reduce or eliminate duties of KKR and its affiliates and of our directors or any person our directors control to refrain from competing with us or to present to us business opportunities that otherwise may exist in the absence of such charter provisions. Under our charter, KKR and its affiliates and our directors or any person our directors control will not be obligated to present to us opportunities unless those opportunities are expressly offered to such person in his or her capacity as a director or officer of our company and those persons will be able to engage in competing activities without any restriction imposed as a result of KKR's or its affiliates' status as a stockholder or KKR affiliates' status as officers or directors of our company.

We have not established a minimum distribution payment level and we cannot assure you of our ability to pay distributions in the future.

We are generally required to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain, each year for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, which

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requirement we currently intend to satisfy through quarterly distributions of all or substantially all of our net taxable income in such year, subject to certain adjustments. Although we intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock and we currently expect to distribute substantially all of our net taxable income to our stockholders on an annual basis, we have not established a minimum distribution payment level and our ability to pay distributions may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any distributions we make to our stockholders will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, liquidity, debt covenants, maintenance of our REIT qualification, applicable law and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We believe that a change in any one of the following factors could adversely affect our results of operations and impair our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders:

our ability to make profitable investments; 

margin calls or other expenses that reduce our cash flow; 

defaults in our asset portfolio or decreases in the value of our portfolio; and 

the fact that anticipated operating expense levels may not prove accurate, as actual results may vary from estimates.

As a result, no assurance can be given that the level of any distributions we make to our stockholders will achieve a market yield or increase or even be maintained over time, any of which could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. We may use net operating losses, to the extent available and subject to certain limitations, carried forward to offset future net taxable income, and therefore reduce our dividend requirements. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital, which would reduce the amount of capital available to operate our business.

In addition, distributions that we make to our stockholders will generally be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary income. REIT dividends (other than capital gain dividends) received by non-corporate stockholders may be eligible for a 20% reduction. However, a portion of our distributions may be designated by us as long-term capital gains to the extent that they are attributable to capital gain income recognized by us or may constitute a return of capital to the extent that they exceed our earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A return of capital is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the basis of a stockholder's investment in our common stock.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our principal executive offices are located in leased office space at 9 West 57th Street, New York, New York. We do not own any real property. We consider these facilities to be suitable and adequate for the management and operations of our business.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2018, we were not involved in any material legal proceedings.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

On May 5, 2017, our common stock began trading on the NYSE under the symbol “KREF.” As of February 15, 2019, there were 37 holders of record of our common stock. This does not include the number of stockholders that hold shares in “street name” through banks or broker-dealers.

Dividends

We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, as adjusted. We currently expect to distribute substantially all of our net taxable income to our stockholders on an annual basis.

Any distributions we make to our stockholders will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, liquidity, debt covenants, maintenance of our REIT qualification, applicable law and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. Our earnings, financial condition and liquidity will be affected by various factors, including the net interest and other income from our portfolio, our operating expenses and any other expenditures.

To the extent that in respect of any calendar year, cash available for distribution is less than our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially adversely affect our actual results of operations, see Part I. Item IA. “Risk Factors.”

The following table sets forth the dividends declared during each calendar quarter for 2018 and 2017:
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Per Share
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
February 3, 2017
 
February 3, 2017
 
February 3, 2017
 
0.35

April 18, 2017
 
April 18, 2017
 
April 18, 2017
 
0.28

June 14, 2017
 
June 30, 2017
 
July 14, 2017
 
0.25

September 14, 2017
 
September 30, 2017
 
October 12, 2017
 
0.37

December 14, 2017
 
December 29, 2017
 
January 12, 2018
 
0.37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 12, 2018
 
March 29, 2018
 
April 13, 2018
 
0.40

May 7, 2018
 
June 29, 2018
 
July 13, 2018
 
0.43

September 11, 2018
 
September 28, 2018
 
October 12, 2018
 
0.43

December 17, 2018
 
December 28, 2018
 
January 11, 2019
 
0.43















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Stockholder Return Performance

The following graph is a comparison of the cumulative total stockholder return on shares of our common stock, the Russell 2000 Index (the “Russell 2000”), and the Bloomberg REIT Mortgage Index, a published industry index, from May 5, 2017 (the date our common stock began trading on the NYSE) to December 31, 2018. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on May 5, 2017 in our common stock, the Russell 2000 and the Bloomberg REIT Mortgage Index and that all dividends were reinvested without the payment of any commissions. There can be no assurance that the performance of our shares will continue in line with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below.

Total Return Performance
TOTALRETURN.JPG
 
 
Period Ending
 
 
5/5/2017
 
12/31/2017
 
12/31/2018
KKR Real Estate Finance Trust, Inc.
 
100.0

 
102.3

 
106.4

Russell 2000
 
100.0

 
111.6

 
99.3

Bloomberg REIT Mortgage Index
 
100.0

 
107.8

 
105.9


Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes information, as of December 31, 2018, relating to our equity compensation plans pursuant to which shares of our common stock or other equity securities may be granted from time to time:
Plan Category
 
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights(1)
 
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(2)
 
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column 1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 
459,179

 
$

 
3,947,449

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
 

 

 

Total
 
459,179

 
$

 
3,947,449


(1)
Reflects the aggregate number of equity-based awards granted under our Amended and Restated KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan that remained outstanding as of December 31, 2018. All of these awards were in the form of restricted stock units.
(2)
Restricted stock units are not exercisable for consideration.





50


Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In May 2018, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program, effective June 12, 2018. The share repurchase program permits us to repurchase up to $100.0 million of our common stock during the period from June 13, 2018 through June 30, 2019. Of this total authorized amount, $50.0 million is covered by a pre-set trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act and currently provides for repurchases of our common stock when the market price per share of our common stock is below the lesser of (i) book value per share (calculated in accordance with GAAP as of the end of the most recent quarterly period for which financial statements are available) and (ii) $19.50 per share, and the remaining $50.0 million may be used for repurchases in the open market, or pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, or in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. As of December 31, 2018, $31.6 million remained available for repurchases under our existing 10b5-1 plan.

The following table sets forth information regarding purchases of shares of our common stock by us or on our behalf during the three months ended December 31, 2018:
Period Beginning
 
Period Ending
 
Total number of shares purchased
 
Average price paid per share
 
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program
 
Amounts paid for shares purchased as part of publicly announced program
 
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program
October 1, 2018
 
October 31, 2018
 
414

 
$
19.50

 
723,921

 
$
8,000

 
$
99,303,000

November 1, 2018
 
November 30, 2018
 

 

 
723,921

 

 
99,303,000

December 1, 2018
 
December 31, 2018
 
925,959

 
19.12

 
1,649,880

 
17,700,000

 
81,603,000

Total/Average
 
 
 
926,373

 
$
19.12

 
 
 
$
17,708,000

 
 



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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and for the years then ended was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements.

The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included within Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except ratio, share, and per share data)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Operating Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
$
183,575

 
$
83,145

 
$
32,659

 
$
12,536

Interest expense
 
85,017

 
21,224

 
7,432

 
554

Total net interest income
 
98,558

 
61,921

 
25,227

 
11,982

Other Income
 
20,093

 
17,688

 
15,968

 
10,328

Total Net Revenue
 
118,651

 
79,609

 
41,195

 
22,310

Operating Expenses
 
28,914

 
18,428

 
8,569

 
4,745

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interests and Preferred Dividends
 
89,737

 
61,181

 
32,626

 
17,565

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
(70
)
 
1,102

 
354

 
393

Net Income (Loss)
 
89,807

 
60,079

 
32,272

 
17,172

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
 
63

 
216

 
302

 
272

Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
 

 
801

 
813

 
137

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
89,744

 
59,062

 
31,157

 
16,763

Preferred Stock Dividends and Redemption Value Adjustment
 
2,451

 
244

 
16

 
15

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders
 
$
87,293

 
$
58,818

 
$
31,141

 
$
16,748

Per Share Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61

 
$
1.95

Diluted
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61

 
$
1.95

Weighted Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
55,136,548

 
45,320,358

 
19,299,597

 
8,605,876

Diluted
 
55,171,061
 
45,321,360
 
19,299,597
 
8,605,876
Dividends declared per share of common stock(A)
 
$
1.69

 
$
1.62

 
$
1.22

 
$
0.73

Shares of common stock issued and outstanding at period end
 
57,596,217

 
53,685,440

 
24,158,392

 
13,636,416

Book value per share of common stock(B)
 
$
19.66

 
$
19.73

 
$
20.60

 
$
20.78

Share price(C)
 
$
19.15

 
$
20.01

 
n.a.

 
n.a.

Price to book(D)
 
0.97

 
1.01

 
n.a.

 
n.a.

Dividend yield(E)
 
8.98
%
 
7.40
%
 
n.a.

 
n.a.

Leverage ratio(F)
 
2.6

 
1.0

 
0.7

 
0.3

Balance Sheet Data (at period end):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets(G)
 
$
4,151,590

 
$
2,137,967

 
$
951,829

 
$
420,090

Secured financing agreements, net
 
1,951,049

 
964,800

 
439,144

 
122,133

Collateralized loan obligations, net
 
800,346

 

 

 

Convertible notes, net
 
137,688

 

 

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests in equity of consolidated joint venture
 

 
3,090

 
3,030

 
4,643

Redeemable preferred stock
 
2,846

 
949

 

 

Preferred stock
 

 

 
125

 
125

Total KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. stockholders' equity
 
1,132,342

 
1,059,145

 
497,698

 
281,460

Noncontrolling interest in equity of consolidated joint venture
 

 

 
7,339

 
4,914

Total equity(H)
 
$
1,135,188

 
$
1,063,184

 
$
508,067

 
$
291,017


(A)
Equal to dividends declared on shares of common stock divided by the shares outstanding as of the dividend record date. 
(B)
Book value per share as of December 31, 2018, includes the impact of the cumulative non-cash redemption value adjustments to our redeemable Special Non-Voting Preferred Stock (“SNVPS”) and the initial value of the SNVPS, which reduced our book value per share by $0.05 as of December 31, 2018.
(C)
Represents the closing price of our common stock reported on the NYSE on the last trading day of the fiscal year.
(D)
Represents the closing price of our common stock reported on the NYSE on the last trading day at each period end divided by the book value per share at each period end.
(E)
Represents the annualized fourth quarter dividend divided by the closing stock price on the last trading day of the fiscal year.

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Table of Contents

(F)
Represents (i) total outstanding secured debt agreements, convertible notes, loan participations sold, collateralized loan obligations and non-consolidated senior interests, less cash, to (ii) total stockholders’ equity, at each period end.
(G)
Includes senior loans held in VIEs, net of VIE liabilities. 
(H)
Represents (i) temporary equity, which includes redeemable noncontrolling interests in equity of consolidated joint venture and redeemable preferred stock, and (ii) permanent equity, which includes total KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. stockholders' equity and noncontrolling interests in equity of consolidated joint venture.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The historical consolidated financial data discussed below reflects the historical results and financial position of KREF. In addition, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including those described under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," and Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Introduction

KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. is a real estate finance company that focuses primarily on originating and acquiring senior loans secured by CRE assets. We are externally managed by KKR Real Estate Finance Manager LLC, an indirect subsidiary of KKR, and are a REIT traded on the NYSE under the symbol “KREF.” We are headquartered in New York City.

We conduct our operations as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders and maintain our qualification as a REIT. We also operate our business in a manner that permits us to avoid registration under the Investment Company Act. We are organized as a holding company and conduct our business primarily through our various subsidiaries.

2018 Highlights

Operating Results:
Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders of $87.3 million, or $1.58 per basic and diluted share of common stock, increased 48% and $0.28, respectively, compared to 2017.
Net Core Earnings of $105.9 million, or $1.92 per basic and diluted share of common stock, increased 91% and $0.70 respectively, compared to 2017.
Declared dividends of $1.69 per common share. The fourth quarter dividend of $0.43 per common share produced an annualized yield of 8.75% on our December 31, 2018 book value.

Investment Activity:
Originated 19 floating-rate senior loans totaling $2.7 billion of commitments, of which $2.4 billion was funded as of December 31, 2018. Average loan size increased by $20.1 million to $143.6 million, a 16% increase over 2017.
Current portfolio of $4.1 billion is 100% performing and 98% floating-rate with a weighted average LTV of 68% as of December 31, 2018. Current portfolio increased 98% over 2017.
Sold four CMBS B-piece investments and recognized a $13.0 million gain.

Portfolio Financing:
Increased our borrowing capacity to $4.1 billion as of December 31, 2018, compared to $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2017.
Increased our non-mark-to-market financing to $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2018, representing 60% of our total asset based financing.
Entered into a $1.0 billion non-recourse term loan facility providing non-mark-to-market asset based financing.
Issued a $1.0 billion managed collateralized loan obligation, providing $810.0 million of non-mark-to-market portfolio financing.
Entered into a $200.0 million asset based financing facility providing non-mark-to-market financing.

Capital Markets Activity:
Issued $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% convertible senior notes due May 2023.
Completed an underwritten public offering of 5.0 million primary shares of our common stock in August, providing $98.3 million in net proceeds.
Completed an underwritten public offering of 4.5 million shares of our common stock, consisting of 0.5 million primary shares issued and sold by KREF and 4.0 million secondary shares sold by certain of the Company’s shareholders in November, providing $9.4 million in net proceeds to KREF.
Repurchased 1,623,482 shares of our common stock for approximately $31.3 million at a weighted average price of $19.30 per share.
Our book value was $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2018, a 7% increase over 2017.

54


Key Financial Measures and Indicators

As a real estate finance company, we believe the key financial measures and indicators for our business are earnings per share, dividends declared, Core Earnings, Net Core Earnings and book value per share.

Earnings Per Share and Dividends Declared

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share and dividends declared per share (amounts in thousands, except share and per share data):

 
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2018
 
2017
Net income(A)
 
$
19,709

 
$
87,293

 
$
58,818

Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
58,178,944

 
55,136,548

 
45,320,358

Diluted
 
58,253,821

 
55,171,061
 
45,321,360
Net income per share, basic
 
$
0.34

 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

Net income per share, diluted
 
$
0.34

 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

Dividends declared per share(B)
 
$
0.43

 
$
1.69

 
$
1.62


(A)
Represents net income attributable to common stockholders.
(B)
During February 2017, we declared a dividend of $0.35 per share of common stock paid on February 3, 2017 to shareholders of record on February 3, 2017 related to income generated during the three months ended December 31, 2016.

Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings

We use Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings to evaluate our performance excluding the effects of certain transactions and GAAP adjustments we believe are not necessarily indicative of our current loan activity and operations. Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings are measures that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP. We define Core Earnings as net income (loss) attributable to our stockholders or, without duplication, owners of our subsidiaries, computed in accordance with GAAP, including realized losses not otherwise included in GAAP net income (loss) and excluding (i) non-cash equity compensation expense, (ii) the incentive compensation payable to our Manager, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) any unrealized gains or losses or other similar non-cash items that are included in net income for the applicable reporting period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income, and (v) one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain material non-cash income or expense items after discussions between our Manager and our board of directors (and subject to the approval by a majority of our independent directors). The exclusion of depreciation and amortization from the calculation of Core Earnings only applies to debt investments related to real estate to the extent we foreclose upon the property or properties underlying such debt investments. Net Core Earnings is Core Earnings less incentive compensation payable to our Manager.

We believe providing Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings on a supplemental basis to our net income as determined in accordance with GAAP is helpful to stockholders in assessing the overall performance of our business. Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings should not be considered as a substitute for GAAP net income. We caution readers that our methodology for calculating Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings may differ from the methodologies employed by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and as a result, our Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other REITs.

We also use Core Earnings to determine the management and incentive fees we pay our Manager. For its services to KREF, our Manager is entitled to a quarterly management fee equal to the greater of $62,500 or 0.375% of a weighted average adjusted equity and quarterly incentive compensation equal to 20.0% of the excess of (a) the trailing 12-month Core Earnings over (b) 7.0% of the trailing 12-month weighted average adjusted equity (“Hurdle Rate”), less incentive compensation KREF already paid to the Manager with respect to the first three calendar quarters of such trailing 12-month period. The quarterly incentive compensation is calculated and paid in arrears with a three-month lag. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $4.8 million of incentive fees payable to the Manager, of which $2.4 million, or $0.04 per share, was related to the gain recognized as a result of the April 2018 CMBS sale, see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.


55


The following tables provide a reconciliation of GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders to Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings (amounts in thousands, except share and per share data):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
2018
 
2017
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders
 
$
19,709

 
$
87,293

 
$
58,818

Adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash equity compensation expense
 
387

 
1,973

 
65

Incentive compensation to affiliate
 
1,470

 
4,756

 

Depreciation and amortization
 

 

 

Unrealized (gains) or losses(A)
 
1,980

 
4,461

 
(3,375
)
Non-cash convertible notes discount amortization
 
91

 
224

 

Reversal of previously unrealized gain now realized(B)
 

 
11,900

 

Core Earnings(C)
 
23,637

 
110,606

 
55,508

Incentive compensation to affiliate
 
1,470

 
4,756

 

Net Core Earnings
 
$
22,167

 
$
105,850

 
$
55,508

Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Basic
 
58,178,944

 
55,136,548

 
45,320,358
  Diluted
 
58,253,821
 
55,171,061
 
45,321,360
Core Earnings per Diluted Weighted Average Share
 
$
0.41

 
$
2.00

 
$
1.22

Net Core Earnings per Diluted Weighted Average Share
 
$
0.38

 
$
1.92

 
$
1.22


(A)
Includes $1.6 million, $1.9 million and $0.0 million non-cash redemption value adjustment of our Special Non-Voting Preferred Stock for the three months ended December 31, 2018, the year ended December 31, 2018, and the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively.
(B)
Includes $5.5 million and $6.4 million of unrealized gains related to the first quarter of 2018 and to prior periods, respectively, that were realized during the three months ended June 30, 2018.
(C)
Excludes $0.2 million, $1.8 million and $4.0 million, or $0.00, $0.03 and $0.09 per diluted weighted average share outstanding, of net original issue discount on CMBS B-Pieces accreted as a component of taxable income during the three months ended December 31, 2018, year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Book Value per Share

We believe that book value per share is helpful to stockholders in evaluating the growth of our company as we have scaled our equity capital base and continue to invest in our target assets. The following table calculates our book value per share of common stock (amounts in thousands, except share and per share data):
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. stockholders' equity
 
$
1,132,342

 
$
1,059,145

Shares of common stock issued and outstanding at period end
 
57,596,217

 
53,685,440

Book value per share of common stock
 
$
19.66

 
$
19.73


Book value per share includes the impact of a $1.9 million non-cash redemption value adjustment to our redeemable Special Non-Voting Preferred Stock (“SNVPS”) and the initial value of the SNVPS of $0.9 million (collectively referred to as “SNVPS Cumulative Impact”), which reduced our book value per share by $0.05 as of December 31, 2018. Upon redemption of the SNVPS, our book value will increase as a result of a one-time gain, thus substantially eliminating the SNVPS Cumulative Impact on our book value. See Note 9 —Equity, to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K, for detailed discussion of the SNVPS.



56

Table of Contents

Our Portfolio

We have established a portfolio of diversified investments, consisting of performing senior loans, mezzanine loans and CMBS B-Pieces, which had a value of $4,133.5 million as of December 31, 2018.

As we continue to scale our portfolio, we expect that our originations will continue to be heavily weighted toward floating-rate loans. As of December 31, 2018, 99% of our loans by total loan exposure earned a floating rate of interest. We expect the majority of our future investment activity to focus on originating floating-rate senior loans that we finance with our repurchase and other term financing facilities, with a secondary focus on originating floating-rate loans for which we syndicate a senior position and retain a subordinated interest for our portfolio. As of December 31, 2018, our portfolio had experienced no impairments and did not contain any legacy assets that were originated prior to October 2014. As of December 31, 2018, all of our investments were located in the United States. The following charts illustrate the diversification of our portfolio, based on type of investment, interest rate, underlying property type and geographic location, as of December 31, 2018:
PIECHARTSA19.JPG

The charts above are based on total assets. Total assets reflect (i) the principal amount of our senior and mezzanine loans; and (ii) the cost basis of our CMBS B-Pieces, net of VIE liabilities. In accordance with GAAP, we carry our CMBS B-Piece investments at fair value. In April 2018, we sold our controlling beneficial interest in four of our five CMBS trusts for net proceeds of $112.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we had a $2.6 million unrealized loss on the remaining CMBS investment.

(A)    Excludes CMBS B-Pieces. Our CMBS B-Piece portfolio diversification is as follows and is inclusive of our $29.6 million investment in RECOP: 

Property Type: Office (28.4%), Retail (24.8%) Hospitality (15.3%), and Other (31.5%). As of December 31, 2018, no other individual property type comprised more than 10% of our total CMBS B‑Piece portfolio.
Geography: California (23.0%), New York (12.5%) Texas (8.5%) and Other (56.0%). As of December 31, 2018, no other individual geography comprised more than 5% of our total CMBS B‑Piece portfolio.
Vintage: 2015 (19.6%), 2016 (10.2%), and 2017 (70.2%).
(B)    LTV is generally based on the initial loan amount divided by the as-is appraised value as of the date the loan was originated.






57

Table of Contents

The following table details our quarterly loan activity (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
June 30, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Loan originations
 
$
411,425

 
$
728,713

 
$
680,500

 
$
907,982

 
$
2,728,620

 
$
1,476,075

Loan fundings(A)
 
$
421,056

 
$
590,441

 
$
698,047

 
$
855,369

 
$
2,564,913

 
$
1,294,700

Loan repayments(B)
 
(35,000
)
 
(14,503
)
 
(281,436
)
 
(110,840
)
 
(441,779
)
 
(68,015
)
Net fundings
 
386,056

 
575,938

 
416,611

 
744,529

 
2,123,134

 
1,226,685

Loan participations sold
 

 

 

 

 

 
(81,472
)
Non-consolidated senior interest
 

 

 

 

 

 
(60,991
)
Total activity
 
$
386,056

 
$
575,938

 
$
416,611

 
$
744,529

 
$
2,123,134

 
$
1,084,222

(A)
Includes initial funding of new loans and additional fundings made under existing loans. Excludes fundings on loan participations sold.
(B)
Includes 100.0% of the proceeds from the repayment of one of the mezannine loans held within our commercial mezzanine loan joint venture during the year ended December 31, 2018.

The following table details overall statistics for our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Total Loan Exposure(A)
 
 
Balance Sheet Portfolio
 
Total Loan
Portfolio
 
Floating Rate Loans
 
Fixed Rate Loans
Number of loans
 
41

 
41

 
35

 
6

Principal balance
 
$
4,026,713

 
$
4,093,868

 
$
4,067,638

 
$
26,230

Carrying value
 
$
4,001,820

 
$
4,068,975

 
$
4,042,745

 
$
26,230

Unfunded loan commitments(B)
 
$
419,485

 
$
419,485

 
$
419,485

 
$

Weighted-average cash coupon(C)
 
6.0
%
 
6.0
%
 
L + 3.5
%
 
10.6
%
Weighted-average all-in yield(C)
 
6.5
%
 
6.5
%
 
L + 3.9
%
 
11.4
%
Weighted-average maximum maturity (years)(D)
 
3.7

 
3.7

 
3.7

 
5.2

LTV(E)
 
68
%
 
69
%
 
68
%
 
72
%
(A)
In certain instances, we finance our loans through the non-recourse sale of a senior interest that is not included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Total loan exposure includes the entire loan we originated and financed, including $67.2 million of such non-consolidated interests that are not included within our balance sheet portfolio.
(B)
Unfunded commitments will primarily be funded to finance property improvements or lease-related expenditures by the borrowers. These future commitments will be funded over the term of each loan, subject in certain cases to an expiration date.
(C)
As of December 31, 2018, 100.0% of floating rate loans by principal balance are indexed to one-month USD LIBOR. In addition to cash coupon, all-in yield includes the amortization of deferred origination fees, loan origination costs and purchase discounts. Cash coupon and all-in yield for the total portfolio assume applicable floating benchmark rates as of December 31, 2018. L = one-month USD LIBOR rate; spot rate of 2.50% included in portfolio-wide averages represented as fixed rates.
(D)
Maximum maturity assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower; however, our loans may be repaid prior to such date. As of December 31, 2018, based on total loan exposure, 75.7% of our loans were subject to yield maintenance or other prepayment restrictions and 24.3% were open to repayment by the borrower without penalty.
(E)
Based on LTV as of the dates loans were originated or acquired by us.

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Table of Contents

The table below sets forth additional information relating to our portfolio as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in millions):
 
Investment(A)
 
Investment Date
 
Committed Principal Amount
 
Current Principal Amount
 
Net Equity(B)
 
Location
 
Property Type
 
Coupon(C)(D)
 
Max Remaining Term (Years)(C)(E)
 
LTV(C)(F)
 
Senior Loans(G)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Senior Loan
 
5/9/2018
 
$
350.0

 
$
255.2

 
$
151.5

 
Queens, NY
 
Office
 
   L + 3.3%
 
4.4

 
71
%
2
Senior Loan
 
7/31/2018
 
341.0

 
335.5

 
82.0

 
Atlanta, GA / Tampa, FL
 
Multifamily
 
L + 3.2
 
4.6

 
75

3
Senior Loan
 
8/4/2017
 
239.2

 
170.7

 
59.4

 
New York, NY
 
Condo (Residential)
 
L + 4.8
 
1.6

 
62

4
Senior Loan
 
12/20/2018
 
234.5

 
182.2

 
43.2

 
New York, NY
 
Multifamily
 
L + 3.6
 
5.0

 
70

5
Senior Loan
 
5/23/2018
 
213.7

 
195.4

 
32.3

 
Boston, MA
 
Office
 
L + 2.4
 
4.4

 
69

6
Senior Loan
 
11/13/2017
 
181.8

 
159.2

 
41.1

 
Minneapolis, MN
 
Office
 
L + 3.8
 
3.9

 
75

7
Senior Loan
 
9/13/2018
 
172.0

 
162.1

 
36.5

 
Seattle, WA
 
Office
 
L + 3.7
 
4.8

 
65

8
Senior Loan
 
9/9/2016
 
168.0

 
159.5

 
41.7

 
San Diego, CA
 
Office
 
L + 4.2
 
2.8

 
71

9
Senior Loan
 
6/19/2018
 
165.0

 
143.1

 
26.4

 
Philadelphia, PA
 
Office
 
L + 2.5
 
4.5

 
71

10
Senior Loan
 
12/5/2018
 
163.0

 
148.0

 
20.6

 
New York, NY
 
Multifamily
 
L + 2.6
 
4.9

 
67

11
Senior Loan
 
4/11/2017
 
162.1

 
140.8

 
40.7

 
Irvine, CA
 
Office
 
L + 3.9
 
3.3

 
62

12
Senior Loan
 
10/26/2015
 
155.0

 
125.0

 
49.4

 
Portland, OR
 
Retail
 
L + 5.5
 
1.8

 
61

13
Senior Loan
 
10/23/2017
 
150.0

 
147.8

 
39.7

 
North Bergen, NJ
 
Multifamily
 
L + 4.3
 
3.8

 
57

14
Senior Loan
 
11/9/2018
 
150.0

 
140.0

 
27.3

 
Fort Lauderdale, FL
 
Hospitality
 
L + 2.9
 
4.9

 
62

15
Senior Loan
 
11/7/2018
 
135.0

 
122.0

 
52.7

 
West Palm Beach, FL
 
Multifamily
 
L + 2.9
 
4.9

 
73

16
Senior Loan
 
3/30/2017
 
132.3

 
116.5

 
35.2

 
Brooklyn, NY
 
Office
 
L + 4.4
 
3.3

 
68

17
Senior Loan
 
8/15/2017
 
119.0

 
99.8

 
13.8

 
Atlanta, GA
 
Office
 
L + 3.0
 
3.7

 
66

18
Senior Loan
 
9/14/2016
 
103.5

 
96.8

 
23.8

 
Crystal City, VA
 
Office
 
L + 4.5
 
2.8

 
59

19
Senior Loan
 
11/20/2018
 
103.5

 
81.8

 
20.9

 
San Diego, CA
 
Multifamily
 
L + 3.2
 
4.9

 
74

20
Senior Loan
 
9/7/2018
 
93.0

 
93.0

 
58.5

 
Seattle, WA
 
Multifamily
 
L + 2.6
 
4.7

 
79

21
Senior Loan
 
3/8/2018
 
89.0

 
87.1

 
14.4

 
Westbury, NY
 
Multifamily
 
L + 3.1
 
4.3

 
69

22
Senior Loan
 
3/29/2018
 
86.0

 
86.0

 
14.1

 
New York, NY
 
Multifamily
 
L + 2.6
 
4.3

 
48

23
Senior Loan
 
2/28/2017
 
85.9

 
82.9

 
15.7

 
Denver, CO
 
Multifamily
 
L + 3.8
 
3.2

 
75

24
Senior Loan
 
8/4/2017
 
81.0

 
81.0

 
17.3

 
Denver, CO
 
Multifamily
 
L + 4.0
 
3.6

 
73

25
Senior Loan
 
3/20/2018
 
80.7

 
80.7

 
18.6

 
Seattle, WA
 
Office
 
L + 3.6
 
4.3

 
65

26
Senior Loan
 
3/28/2018
 
80.0

 
71.1

 
12.0

 
Orlando, FL
 
Multifamily
 
L + 2.8
 
4.3

 
70

27
Senior Loan
 
10/30/2018
 
77.0

 
77.0

 
12.5

 
Philadelphia, PA
 
Multifamily
 
L + 2.7
 
4.9

 
73

28
Senior Loan
 
1/16/2018
 
75.5

 
70.3

 
14.9

 
St Paul, MN
 
Office
 
L + 3.6
 
4.1

 
73

29
Senior Loan
 
7/21/2017
 
75.1

 
62.3

 
13.5

 
Queens, NY
 
Industrial
 
L + 3.7
 
3.6

 
72

30
Senior Loan
 
10/7/2016
 
74.5

 
73.2

 
15.8

 
New York, NY
 
Multifamily
 
L + 4.4
 
2.8

 
68

31
Senior Loan
 
7/24/2018
 
74.5

 
69.3

 
34.8

 
Atlanta, GA
 
Industrial
 
L + 2.7
 
4.6

 
74

32
Senior Loan
 
5/12/2017
 
61.9

 
56.3

 
14.2

 
Atlanta, GA
 
Office
 
L + 4.0
 
3.4

 
71

33
Senior Loan
 
5/19/2016
 
55.0

 
53.9

 
12.0

 
Nashville, TN
 
Office
 
L + 4.3
 
3.0

 
70

34
Senior Loan
 
10/9/2018
 
45.0

 
42.0

 
7.8

 
Queens, NY
 
Multifamily
 
L + 2.8
 
4.9

 
70

 
Total/Weighted Average Senior Loans Unlevered
 
 
 
$
4,572.7

 
$
4,067.6

 
$
1,114.4

 
 
 
 
 
   L + 3.5%
 
4.0

 
68
%
 
Mezzanine Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1-6
Other Mezzanine Loans
 
Various(H)
 
26.2

 
26.2

 
26.2

 
Various
 
Various
 
10.6
 
6.4

 
72

 
Total/Weighted Average Mezzanine Loans Unlevered
 
 
 
$
26.2

 
$
26.2

 
$
26.2

 
 
 
 
 
10.6%
 
6.4

 
72
%
 
CMBS B-Pieces
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
CMBS B-Piece
 
2/10/2016
 
$

 
$

 
$
6.9

 
Various
 
Various
 
1.4%
 
7.3

 
64
%
2
CMBS B-Piece
 
5/21/2015
 
34.9

 
34.9

 
3.1

 
Various
 
Various
 
3.0
 
6.6

 
65

3
RECOP(I)
 
2/13/2017
 
40.0

 
29.6

 
29.6

 
Various
 
Various
 
4.6
 
9.9

 
58

 
Total/Weighted Average CMBS B-Pieces Unlevered
 
 
 
$
74.9

 
$
64.6

 
$
39.6

 
 
 
 
 
3.9%
 
9.2

 
60
%

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*
Numbers presented may not foot due to rounding.
(A)
Our total portfolio represents the current principal amount on senior and mezzanine loans and the net equity of our CMBS B-Piece investments.
(B)
Net equity reflects (i) the amortized cost basis of our loans, net of borrowings; (ii) the cost basis of our CMBS B-Pieces, net of VIE liabilities; and (iii) the cost basis of our investment in RECOP.
(C)
Weighted average is weighted by current principal amount for our senior and mezzanine loans and by net equity for our CMBS B-Pieces. Weighted average coupon calculation includes one-month USD LIBOR for floating-rate mezzanine loans. 
(D)
L = one-month USD LIBOR rate; spot rate of 2.50% included in portfolio-wide averages represented as fixed rates.
(E)
Max remaining term (years) assumes all extension options are exercised, if applicable. 
(F)
For senior loans, loan-to-value ratio ("LTV") is based on the initial loan amount divided by the as-is appraised value as of the date the loan was originated; for Senior Loan 3, LTV is based on the current principal amount divided by the adjusted appraised gross sellout value net of sales cost; for Senior Loan 4, LTV is based on the initial loan amount divided by the appraised bulk sale value assuming a condo-conversion and no renovation; for mezzanine loans, LTV is based on the current balance of the whole loan dividend by the as-is appraised value as of the date the loan was originated; for CMBS B-Pieces, LTV is based on the weighted average LTV of the underlying loan pool at issuance. 
(G)
Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar credit quality investments, including junior participations in our originated senior loans for which we have syndicated the senior participations and retained the junior participations for our portfolio. 
(H)
Includes investments ranging from December 8, 2014 through November 30, 2015.
(I)
Represents our investment in an aggregator vehicle alongside RECOP that invests in CMBS. Committed principal represents our total commitment to the aggregator vehicle whereas current principal represents the current funded amount.

Portfolio Surveillance and Credit Quality

Senior and Mezzanine Loans

Our Manager actively manages our portfolio and assesses the risk of any loan impairment by quarterly evaluating the performance of the underlying property, the valuation of comparable assets as well as the financial wherewithal of the associated borrower. Our loan documents generally give us the right to receive regular property, borrower and guarantor financial statements; approve annual budgets and tenant leases; and enforce loan covenants and remedies. In addition, our Manager evaluates the macroeconomic environment, prevailing real estate fundamentals and micro-market dynamics where the underlying property is located. Through site inspections, local market experts and various data sources, as part of its risk assessment, our Manager monitors criteria such as new supply and tenant demand, market occupancy and rental rate trends, and capitalization rates and valuation trends.

In addition to ongoing asset management, our Manager performs a quarterly review of our portfolio whereby each loan is assigned a risk rating of 1 through 5, from lowest risk to highest risk. Our Manager is responsible for reviewing, assigning and updating the risk ratings for each loan on a quarterly basis. The risk ratings are based on many factors, including, but not limited to, underlying real estate performance and asset value, values of comparable properties, durability and quality of property cash flows, sponsor experience and financial wherewithal, and the existence of a risk-mitigating loan structure. Additional key considerations include LTVs, debt service coverage ratios, real estate and credit market dynamics, and risk of default or principal loss. Based on a five-point scale, our loans are rated "1" through "5," from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:

1—Very Low Risk—The underlying property performance has surpassed underwritten expectations, and the sponsor’s business plan is generally complete. The property demonstrates stabilized occupancy and/or rental rates resulting in strong current cash flow and/or a very low LTV (<65%). At the level of performance, it is very likely that the underlying loan can be refinanced easily in the period’s prevailing capital market conditions.

2—Low Risk—The underlying property performance has matched or exceeded underwritten expectations, and the sponsor’s business plan may be ahead of schedule or has achieved some or many of the major milestones from a risk mitigation perspective. The property has achieved improving occupancy at market rents, resulting in sufficient current cash flow and/or a low LTV (65%-70%). Operating trends are favorable, and the underlying loan can be refinanced in today’s prevailing capital market conditions. The sponsor/manager is well capitalized or has demonstrated a history of success in owning or operating similar real estate.

3—Average Risk—The underlying property performance is in-line with underwritten expectations, or the sponsor may be in the early stages of executing its business plan. Current cash flow supports debt service payments, or there is an ample interest reserve or loan structure in place to provide the sponsor time to execute the value-improvement plan. The property exhibits a moderate LTV (<75%). Loan structure appropriately mitigates additional risks. The sponsor/manager has a stable credit history and experience owning or operating similar real estate.
4—High Risk/Potential for Loss: A loan that has a risk of realizing a principal loss. The underlying property performance is behind underwritten expectations, or the sponsor is behind schedule in executing its business plan. The underlying market fundamentals may have deteriorated, comparable property valuations may be declining or property occupancy has been volatile, resulting in current cash flow that may not support debt service payments. The loan

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exhibits a high LTV (>80%), and the loan covenants are unlikely to fully mitigate some risks. Interest payments may come from an interest reserve or sponsor equity.

5—Impaired/Loss Likely: A loan that has a very high risk of realizing a principal loss or has otherwise incurred a principal loss. The underlying property performance is significantly behind underwritten expectations, the sponsor has failed to execute its business plan and/or the sponsor has missed interest payments. The market fundamentals have deteriorated, or property performance has unexpectedly declined or valuations for comparable properties have declined meaningfully since loan origination. Current cash flow does not support debt service payments. With the current capital structure, the sponsor might not be incentivized to protect its equity without a restructuring of the loan. The loan exhibits a very high LTV (>90%), and default may be imminent.
(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2018
Risk Rating
 
Number of Loans
 
Net Book Value
 
Total Loan Exposure(A)
1
 

 
$

 
$

2
 
8

 
466,742

 
468,860

3
 
33

 
3,535,078

 
3,625,008

4
 

 

 

5
 

 

 

 
 
41

 
$
4,001,820

 
$
4,093,868

(dollars in thousands)
 
September 30, 2018
Risk Rating
 
Number of Loans
 
Net Book Value
 
Total Loan Exposure(A)
1
 

 
$

 
$

2
 
8

 
446,525

 
448,821

3
 
27

 
2,815,353

 
2,899,972

4
 

 

 

5
 

 

 

 
 
35

 
$
3,261,878

 
$
3,348,793


(A)
In certain instances, we finance our loans through the non-recourse sale of a senior interest that is not included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Total loan exposure includes the entire loan we originated and financed, including $67.2 million and $66.6 million of such non-consolidated interests as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, the average risk rating of KREF's portfolio was 2.9 (Average Risk), weighted by investment carrying value, with 100% of commercial mortgage loans held-for-investment, rated 3 (Average Risk) or better by our Manager as compared to 2.9 (Average Risk) as of December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no investments were rated 5 (Impaired/Loss Likely).

CMBS B-Piece Investments

Our Manager has processes and procedures in place to monitor and assess the credit quality of our CMBS B-Piece investments and promote the regular and active management of these investments. This includes reviewing the performance of the real estate assets underlying the loans that collateralize the investments and determining the impact of such performance on the credit and return profile of the investments. Our Manager holds monthly surveillance calls with the special servicer of our CMBS B-Piece investments to monitor the performance of our portfolio and discuss issues associated with the loans underlying our CMBS B-Piece investments. At each meeting, our Manager is provided with a due diligence submission for each loan underlying our CMBS B-Piece investments, which includes both property- and loan-level information. These meetings assist our Manager in monitoring our portfolio, identifying any potential loan issues, determining if a re-underwriting of any loan is warranted and examining the timing and severity of any potential losses or impairments.

Valuations for our CMBS B-Piece investments are prepared using inputs from an independent valuation firm and confirmed by our Manager via quotes from two or more broker-dealers that actively make markets in CMBS. As part of the quarterly valuation process, our Manager also reviews pricing indications for comparable CMBS and monitors the credit metrics of the loans that collateralize our CMBS B-Piece investments.

As of December 31, 2018, one underlying loan representing 1.89% of one of the CMBS pools was delinquent greater than 60 days.

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Portfolio Financing

Our portfolio financing arrangements include master repurchase agreements, asset specific financing, term loan financing, revolving credit agreements, collateralized loan obligations, loan participations sold and non-consolidated senior interests.

In 2018, the Company significantly diversified its financing sources, especially those sources that provide non-mark-to-market financing, reducing our exposure to market volatility. Our non-mark-to-market financing as of December 31, 2018 represented 60% of our portfolio financing based on outstanding principal balance, primarily as a result of our asset based financing, term loan facility and collateralized loan obligations.

The following table summarizes our portfolio financing (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Portfolio Financing Outstanding Principal Balance
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Master repurchase agreements
 
$
1,157,261

 
$
964,800

Asset specific financing
 
60,000

 

Term loan financing
 
748,414

 

Revolving credit agreements
 

 

Collateralized loan obligations
 
810,000

 

Loan participations sold
 
85,880

 
82,000

Non-consolidated senior interests
 
67,155

 
62,952

Total portfolio financing
 
$
2,928,710

 
$
1,109,752


Secured Financing Agreements

The following table details our secured financing agreements (dollars in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Maximum
 
Collateral
 
Secured Financing Borrowings
Lender
 
Facility Size(A)
 
Assets(B)
 
Potential(C)
 
Outstanding
 
Available
Master Repurchase Agreements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo
 
$
1,000,000

 
$
735,750

 
$
551,812

 
$
512,298

 
$
39,514

Goldman Sachs
 
400,000

 
465,764

 
354,110

 
342,368

 
11,742

Morgan Stanley(D)
 
600,000

 
448,444

 
310,090

 
302,595

 
7,495

Asset Specific Financing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BMO Facility
 
200,000

 
81,779

 
65,423

 
60,000

 
5,423

Term Loan Facility
 
1,000,000

 
941,905

 
782,051

 
748,414

 
33,637

 
 
$
3,200,000

 
$
2,673,642

 
$
2,063,486

 
$
1,965,675

 
$
97,811


(A)
Maximum facility size represents the largest amount of borrowings available under a given facility once sufficient collateral assets have been approved by the lender and pledged by us.
(B)
Represents the principal balance of the collateral assets.
(C)
Potential borrowings represents the total amount we could draw under each facility based on collateral already approved and pledged. When undrawn, these amounts are available to us under the terms of each credit facility.
(D)
The maximum facility size can be further increased to $750.0 million upon our request and subject to customary conditions.

Master Repurchase Agreements

Currently, our primary source of financing is our master repurchase facilities, which we use to finance the origination of senior loans. After a mortgage asset is identified by us, the lender agrees to advance a certain percentage of the face value of the mortgage to us in exchange for a secured interest in the mortgage.

Repurchase agreements effectively allow us to borrow against loans, participations and securities that we own in an amount generally equal to (i) the market value of such loans, participations and/or securities multiplied by (ii) the applicable advance rate. Under these agreements, we sell our loans, participations and securities to a counterparty and agree to repurchase the same loans and securities from the counterparty at a price equal to the original sales price plus an interest factor. The transaction is

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treated as a secured loan from the financial institution for GAAP purposes. During the term of a repurchase agreement, we receive the principal and interest on the related loans, participations and securities and pay interest to the lender under the master repurchase agreement. At any point in time, the amounts and the cost of our repurchase borrowings will be based upon the assets being financed—higher risk assets will result in lower advance rates (i.e., levels of leverage) at higher borrowing costs and vice versa. In addition, these facilities include various financial covenants and limited recourse guarantees, including those described below.

Each of our existing master repurchase facilities includes "credit mark" features. "Credit mark" provisions in repurchase facilities are designed to keep the lenders' credit exposure constant as a percentage of the underlying collateral value of the assets pledged as security to them. If the underlying collateral value decreases, the gross amount of leverage available to us will be reduced as our assets are marked to market, which would reduce our liquidity. The lender under the applicable repurchase facility sets the valuation and any revaluation of the collateral assets in its sole, good faith discretion. As a contractual matter, the lender has the right to reset the value of the assets at any time based on then-current market conditions, but the market convention is to reassess valuations on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis using the financial information delivered pursuant to the facility documentation regarding the real property, borrower and guarantor under such underlying loans. Generally, if the lender determines (subject to certain conditions) that the market value of the collateral in a repurchase transaction has decreased by more than a defined minimum amount, the lender may require us to provide additional collateral or lead to margin calls that may require us to repay all or a portion of the funds advanced. We closely monitor our liquidity and intend to maintain sufficient liquidity on our balance sheet in order to meet any margin calls in the event of any significant decreases in asset values. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the weighted average haircut under our repurchase agreements was 25.8% and 32.9%, respectively (or 23.4% and 27.3%, respectively, if we had borrowed the maximum amount approved by its repurchase agreement counterparties as of such dates). In addition, our existing master repurchase facilities are not entirely term-matched financings and may mature before our CRE debt investments that represent underlying collateral to those financings. As we negotiate renewals and extensions of these liabilities, we may experience lower advance rates and higher pricing under the renewed or extended agreements.

Asset Specific Financing

In August 2018, KREF entered into a $200.0 million loan financing facility with BMO Harris Bank (“BMO Facility”). The facility provides asset-based financing on a non-mark-to-market basis with matched-term up to five years with partial recourse to KREF. As of December 31, 2018, there was $60.0 million outstanding on this facility. In connection with this facility, and in consideration for structuring and sourcing this arrangement, KREF will pay KKR Capital Markets ("KCM"), an affiliate of the Manager, a structuring fee equal to 0.35% of the respective committed loan advances under the agreement.

Term Loan Financing

In connection with our efforts to diversify our financing sources, further expand our non-mark-to-market borrowing base and reduce our exposure to market volatility, we entered into a term loan financing agreement in April 2018 with third party lenders for an initial borrowing capacity of $200.0 million that was increased to $1,000.0 million as of December 31, 2018 (“Term Loan Facility”). The facility provides us with asset-based financing on a non-mark-to-market basis with matched term up to five years and is non-recourse to the Company. Borrowings under the facility are collateralized by senior loans, held-for-investment, and bear interest equal to one-month LIBOR plus a margin. As of December 31, 2018, the weighted average margin and interest rate on the facility were 1.4% and 3.9%, respectively. KREF will pay KCM a structuring fee equal to 0.75% of the respective committed loan advances.
The following table summarizes our borrowings under the Term Loan Facility (dollars in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2018
Term Loan Facility
 
Count
 
Outstanding Face Amount
 
Carrying Value
 
Wtd. Avg. Yield/Cost(A)
 
Guarantee(B)
 
Wtd. Avg. Term(C)
Collateral assets
 
10
 
$
941,905

 
$
933,179

 
L + 3.1%
 
n.a.
 
August 2023
Financing provided
 
n.a.
 
748,414

 
742,959

 
L + 1.8%
 
n.a.
 
August 2023
(A)
Floating rate loans and related liabilities are indexed to one-month LIBOR. The Company's net interest rate exposure is in direct proportion to its interest in the net assets indexed to that rate. In addition to cash coupon, yield/cost includes the amortization of deferred origination/financing costs.
(B)
Financing under the Term Loan Facility is non-recourse to the Company.
(C)
The weighted-average term is determined using the maximum maturity date of the corresponding loans, assuming all extension options are exercised by the borrower.

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Revolving Credit Agreement

In December 2018, the Company entered into a $100.0 million unsecured corporate revolving credit facility (“Revolver”) administered by Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. (“Morgan Stanley Senior Funding”). We may use our Revolver as a source of financing, which is designed to provide short-term liquidity to purchase loans or other eligible assets, pay operating expenses, and borrow amounts for general corporate purposes. Borrowings under the Revolver are full recourse to certain guarantor wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company. Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the sum of (i) a floating rate index and (ii) a fixed margin. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolver as of December 31, 2018.

Collateralized Loan Obligations

In November 2018, the Company financed a pool of loan participations (“Loan Participations”) from our existing loan portfolio through a managed collateralized loan obligation ("CLO" or "KREF 2018-FL1"). The CLO provides the Company with match-term financing on a non-mark-to-market and non-recourse basis. The CLO has a two-year reinvestment feature that allows principal proceeds of the collateral assets to be reinvested in qualifying replacement assets, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture.

The following table outlines KREF 2018-FL1 collateral assets and respective borrowing as of December 31, 2018.

 
 
December 31, 2018
Collateralized Loan Obligation
 
Count
 
Face Amount
 
Carrying Value
 
Wtd. Avg.
Yield/Cost
(B)
 
Wtd. Avg. Term(C)
Collateral assets(A)
 
24
 
$
1,000,000

 
$
1,000,000

 
L + 3.5%
 
December 2022
Financing provided
 
1
 
810,000

 
800,346

 
L + 1.8%
 
June 2036

(A)
Represents 24.8% of the face amount of the Company's senior loans as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, 100% of the Company's loans financed through the CLO are floating rate loans.
(B)
Yield is based on cash coupon. Financing cost includes amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with the CLO.
(C)
Loan term represents weighted-average final maturity, assuming extension options are exercised by the borrower. Repayments of CLO notes are dependent on timing of related collateral loan asset repayments post reinvestment period. The term of the CLO notes represents the rated final distribution date.

Loan Participations Sold

In connection with our investments in senior loans, we finance certain investments through the syndication of a non-recourse, or limited-recourse, loan participation to an unaffiliated third party. Our presentation of the senior loan and related financing involved in the syndication depends upon whether GAAP recognized the transaction as a sale, though such differences in presentation do not generally impact our net stockholders’ equity or net income aside from timing differences in the recognition of certain transaction costs.

To the extent that GAAP recognizes a sale resulting from the syndication, we derecognize the participation in the senior loan that we sold and continue to carry the retained portion of the loan as an investment. While we do not generally expect to recognize a material gain or loss on these sales, we would realize a gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the net proceeds received from the third party purchaser and our carrying value of the loan participation we sold at time of sale.  Furthermore, we recognize interest income only on the portion of the senior loan that we retain as a result of the sale.

To the extent that GAAP does not recognize a sale resulting from the syndication, we do not derecognize the participation in the senior loan that we sold. Instead, we recognize a loan participation sold liability in an amount equal to the principal of the loan participation syndicated less any unamortized discounts or financing costs resulting from the syndication.  We continue to recognize interest income on the entire senior loan, including the interest attributable to the loan participation sold, as well as interest expense on the loan participation sold liability.








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The following table details our loan participations sold (dollars in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2018
Loan Participations Sold
 
Count
 
Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Yield/Cost(A)
 
Guarantee(B)
 
Term
Total loan
 
1
 
$
99,757

 
$
99,368

 
L + 3.0%
 
n.a.
 
September 2022
Senior participation(C)
 
1
 
85,880

 
85,465

 
L + 1.8%
 
n.a.
 
September 2022

(A)
Our floating rate loans and related liabilities were indexed to one-month LIBOR. Our net interest rate exposure is in direct proportion to our net assets.
(B)
As of December 31, 2018, our loan participation sold was subject to partial recourse of $10.0 million, which amount may be reduced to zero upon achievement of certain property performance metrics.
(C)
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded $3.3 million of interest income and $3.3 million of interest expense related to the loan participation we sold, but continue to consolidate under GAAP.

Non-Consolidated Senior Interests

In certain instances, we finance our loans through the non-recourse sale of a senior loan interest that is not included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. These non-consolidated senior interests provide structural leverage for our net investments, which are reflected in the form of mezzanine loans or other subordinate interests on our balance sheets and in our statements of income.

The following table details the subordinate interests retained on our balance sheet and the related non-consolidated senior interests as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

 
 
December 31, 2018
Non-Consolidated Senior Interests
 
Count
 
Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Yield/Cost(A)
 
Guarantee
 
Term
Total loan
 
1
 
$
82,905

 
n.a.
 
L + 3.8%
 
n.a.
 
March 2022
Senior participation
 
1
 
67,155

 
n.a.
 
L + 2.1%
 
n.a.
 
March 2022

(A)
Our floating rate loans and related liabilities were indexed to one-month LIBOR. Our net interest rate exposure is in direct proportion to our net assets.

Convertible Notes

We may issue convertible debt to take advantage of favorable market conditions. In May 2018, we issued $143.75 million of 6.125% Convertible Notes due on May 15, 2023. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.125% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2018. The Convertible Notes mature on May 15, 2023, unless earlier repurchased or converted. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 to our consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of our Convertible Notes.

Borrowing Activities

The following tables provide additional information regarding our borrowings (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Year Ended
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Outstanding Face Amount at
December 31, 2018
 
Average Daily Amount Outstanding(A)
 
Maximum Amount Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Daily Interest Rate
Wells Fargo
 
$
512,298

 
$
605,034

 
$
791,297

 
3.9
%
Goldman Sachs
 
342,368

 
182,535

 
342,368

 
4.1

Morgan Stanley
 
302,595

 
455,533

 
564,525

 
4.2

BMO Facility
 
60,000

 
63,036

 
115,040

 
3.9

Revolver
 

 

 

 

Term Loan Facility
 
748,414

 
528,871

 
782,483

 
3.6

Total/Weighted Average
 
$
1,965,675

 
$
1,639,377

 
 
 
3.9
%

(A)     Represents the average for the period the debt was outstanding.

65

Table of Contents


 
 
Average Daily Amount Outstanding(A)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
June 30, 2018
 
March 31, 2018
Wells Fargo
 
$
676,384

 
$
639,568

 
$
599,425

 
$
502,467

Goldman Sachs
 
263,936

 
235,135

 
160,091

 
68,250

Morgan Stanley
 
446,823

 
429,275

 
498,467

 
447,869

BMO Facility
 
63,036

 

 

 

Barclays
 

 

 

 

Revolver
 

 

 

 

Term Loan Facility
 
681,673

 
550,307

 
325,961

 


(A)     Represents the average for the period the debt was outstanding.

Covenants—Each of our repurchase facilities contains customary terms and conditions for repurchase facilities of this type, including, but not limited to, negative covenants relating to restrictions on our operations with respect to our status as a REIT, and financial covenants, such as:

an interest income to interest expense ratio covenant (1.5 to 1.0); 
a minimum consolidated tangible net worth covenant (75.0% of the aggregate net cash proceeds of any equity issuances made and any capital contributions received by us and KKR Real Estate Finance Holdings L.P. (our "Operating Partnership") or approximately $800.0 million
a cash liquidity covenant (the greater of $10.0 million or 5.0% of our recourse indebtedness);
a total indebtedness covenant (75.0% of our total assets, net of VIE liabilities);

As of December 31, 2018, we were in compliance with the covenants of our repurchase facilities.

Guarantees—In connection with each master repurchase agreement, our Operating Partnership has entered into a limited guarantee in favor of each lender, under which our Operating Partnership guarantees the obligations of the borrower under the respective master repurchase agreement (i) in the case of certain defaults, up to a maximum liability of 25.0% of the then-outstanding repurchase price of the eligible loans, participations or securities, as applicable, or (ii) up to a maximum liability of 100.0% in the case of certain "bad boy" defaults. The borrower in each case is a special purpose subsidiary of the Company. With respect to our secured revolving credit facility, the amounts borrowed are full recourse to us.

66

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the changes in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Dollars
 
Percentage
 
2017
 
2016
 
Dollars
 
Percentage
Net Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
$
183,575

 
$
83,145

 
$
100,430

 
120.8
 %
 
$
83,145

 
$
32,659

 
$
50,486

 
154.6
 %
Interest expense
 
85,017

 
21,224

 
63,793

 
300.6

 
21,224

 
7,432

 
13,792

 
185.6

Total net interest income
 
98,558

 
61,921

 
36,637

 
59.2

 
61,921

 
25,227

 
36,694

 
145.5

Other Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gain on sale of investments
 
13,000

 

 
13,000

 
100.0

 

 
285

 
(285
)
 
(100.0
)
Change in net assets related to CMBS consolidated variable interest entities
 
2,588

 
15,845

 
(13,257
)
 
(83.7
)
 
15,845

 
15,461

 
384

 
2.5

Income from equity method investments
 
3,065

 
875

 
2,190

 
250.3

 
875

 

 
875

 
100.0

Other income
 
1,440

 
968

 
472

 
48.8

 
968

 
222

 
746

 
336.0

Total other income (loss)
 
20,093

 
17,688

 
2,405

 
13.6

 
17,688

 
15,968

 
1,720

 
10.8

Operating Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
 
7,812

 
4,936

 
2,876

 
58.3

 
4,936

 
2,270

 
2,666

 
117.4

Management fees to affiliate
 
16,346

 
13,492

 
2,854

 
21.2

 
13,492

 
5,934

 
7,558

 
127.4

Incentive compensation to affiliate
 
4,756

 

 
4,756

 
100.0

 

 
365

 
(365
)
 
(100.0
)
Total operating expenses
 
28,914

 
18,428

 
10,486

 
56.9

 
18,428

 
8,569

 
9,859

 
115.1

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interests and Preferred Dividends
 
89,737

 
61,181

 
28,556

 
46.7

 
61,181

 
32,626

 
28,555

 
87.5

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
(70
)
 
1,102

 
(1,172
)
 
(106.4
)
 
1,102

 
354

 
748

 
211.3

Net Income (Loss)
 
89,807

 
60,079

 
29,728

 
49.5

 
60,079

 
32,272

 
27,807

 
86.2

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
 
63

 
216

 
(153
)
 
(70.8
)
 
216

 
302

 
(86
)
 
(28.5
)
Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
 

 
801

 
(801
)
 
(100.0
)
 
801

 
813

 
(12
)
 
(1.5
)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
89,744

 
59,062

 
30,682

 
51.9

 
59,062

 
31,157

 
27,905

 
89.6

Preferred Stock Dividends and Redemption Value Adjustment
 
2,451

 
244

 
2,207

 
904.5

 
244

 
16

 
228

 
1,425.0

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders
 
$
87,293

 
$
58,818

 
$
28,475

 
48.4
 %
 
$
58,818

 
$
31,141

 
$
27,677

 
88.9
 %
Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
0.28

 
21.5
 %
 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61

 
$
(0.31
)
 
(19.3
)%
Diluted
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
0.28

 
21.5
 %
 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61

 
$
(0.31
)
 
(19.3
)%
Dividends Declared per Share of Common Stock
 
$
1.69

 
$
1.62

 
$
0.07

 
4.3
 %
 
$
1.62

 
$
1.22

 
$
0.40

 
32.8
 %

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017

Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased $36.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to the increase in the weighted-average principal balance of our loan portfolio by $1.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, as a result of our continuing capital deployment and scaling our portfolio. We also recognized $3.0 million of nonrecurring prepayment fee income during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. Interest income also included $10.5 million in amortization of net deferred loan fees and origination discounts during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $3.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in interest income was partially offset by an increase in interest expense incurred on our secured financing agreements as we increased our financing

67


sources and borrowings to fund loan originations, the weighted-average principal balance of our borrowings increased by $1.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.

Other Income

Total other income increased $2.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily attributable to a $2.1 million increase in income from equity method investment as we continued to fund the existing commitment to RECOP during 2018. Additionally, income on CMBS B- Pieces decreased by $13.3 million, partially offset by a $13.0 million realized gain from the sale of CMBS B-Pieces in May 2018.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased $10.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017. This increase is primarily due to $4.8 million of incentive compensation recorded during year ended December 31, 2018, while the Company did not generate incentive fees during the year ended December 31, 2017. Additionally, the increase in total operating expenses is attributed to (i) increased management fees of $2.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily resulting from an increase in our equity from public offerings of 5.5 million of our common shares in 2018 (ii) increase in our stock-based compensation of $1.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, and (iii) an additional $0.9 million of general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily consisting of legal, audit, insurance, information technology, and other increased costs as we continue to scaled our portfolio operations.

The following tables provide additional information regarding total operating expenses (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
June 30, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Professional services
 
$
713

 
$
959

 
$
666

 
$
604

 
$
838

Operating and other costs
 
932

 
454

 
692

 
819

 
819

Stock-based compensation
 
1,018

 
273

 
295

 
387

 
25

Total general and administrative expenses
 
2,663

 
1,686

 
1,653

 
1,810

 
1,682

Management fees to affiliate
 
3,939

 
3,913

 
4,164

 
4,330

 
3,979

Incentive compensation to affiliate
 

 

 
3,286

 
1,470

 

Total operating expenses
 
$
6,602

 
$
5,599

 
$
9,103

 
$
7,610

 
$
5,661


Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

Net Interest Income

Compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, net interest income increased $36.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to the increase in the weighted-average principal balance of our loan portfolio by $0.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, as a result of our continuing capital deployment and scaling our portfolio. In addition, interest income included $3.6 million in amortization of net deferred loan fees and origination discounts during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $1.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2017, loan and preferred interest repayments of $70.9 million partially offset the increase in interest income by $3.5 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in interest income in the year ended December 31, 2017 was partially offset by an increase in interest expense incurred on our secured financing agreements as we increased our borrowings to fund loan originations.

Other Income

Total other income increased $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily attributable to a $0.9 million increase in income from equity method investments in which we entered during the year ended December 31, 2017, a $0.7 million increase in other income, and a $0.4 million increase from income on our purchase of a CMBS B-Piece during the year ended December 31, 2016. We realized a $0.3 million gain on the sale of an investment during the year ended December 31, 2016, but did not realize a gain or loss on the sale of investments in the year ended December 31, 2017, which partially offset the increase in other income.


68


Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased $9.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. This increase is primarily attributed to increased management fees of $7.6 million, resulting from an increase in our equity from the private placement of our common stock and our IPO, as well as an additional $2.7 million of general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily consisting of legal, audit, insurance, information technology, and other increased costs as we scaled our portfolio and became a public company. This increase was partially offset by decreased incentive compensation expense payable to our Manager resulting from the time required to invest our proceeds received from equity issuances.




69


Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary liquidity needs include: our ongoing commitments to repay the principal and interest on our borrowings and pay other financing costs; financing our assets; meeting future funding obligations; making distributions to our stockholders; funding our operations, which includes making payments to our Manager in accordance with the management agreement; and satisfying other general business needs.

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital sources from our inception through December 31, 2018, have been derived from: $1,168.6 million in net proceeds from equity issuances; $1,217.3 million in net advances from our repurchase facilities; $800.3 million in net proceeds from collateralized loan obligations; $152.4 million in proceeds from syndicated financing; $138.7 million in net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes; and cash flows from operations. We may seek additional sources of liquidity from repurchase facilities, syndicated financing, other borrowings (including borrowings not related to a specific investment) and future offerings of equity and debt securities. In addition, we may apply our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations to any liquidity needs. As of December 31, 2018, our cash and cash equivalents were $86.5 million.

See Notes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional details regarding our secured financing agreements, collateralized loan obligations, convertible notes, loan participation sold and stock issuances.

Debt-to-Equity Ratio and Total Leverage Ratio

The following table presents our debt-to-equity ratio and total leverage ratio:
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Debt-to-equity ratio(A)
 
1.1x
 
0.8x
Total leverage ratio(B)
 
2.6x
 
1.0x

(A)
Represents (i) total outstanding secured debt agreements (excluding non-recourse term loan facility) and convertible notes, less cash to (ii) total stockholders’ equity, in each case, at period end.
(B)
Represents (i) total outstanding secured debt agreements, convertible notes, loan participations sold, non-consolidated senior interests, and collateralized loan obligation, less cash to (ii) total stockholders’ equity, in each case, at period end.

Sources of Liquidity

Our primary sources of liquidity include cash and cash equivalents and available borrowings under our secured financing agreements. Amounts available under these sources as of the date presented are summarized in the following table (dollars in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
86,531

 
$
103,120

Available borrowings under master repurchase agreements
 
58,751

 
65,555

Available borrowings under asset specific financing
 
5,423

 

Available borrowings under revolving credit agreements
 
100,000

 
75,000

Available borrowings under term loan financing facility
 
33,637

 

Loan principal payments receivable, net(A)
 

 
4,557

 
 
$
284,342

 
$
248,232


(A)
Represents loan principal paid by the borrower to our third-party servicer, but not yet received by us as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. We generally receive these loan principal repayments from our third-party servicer in the following month's remittance, net of amounts we repay under our financing agreements.

In addition to our primary sources of liquidity, we have access to further liquidity through public offerings of debt and equity securities. Our existing loan portfolio also provides us with liquidity as loans are repaid or sold, in whole or in part, and the proceeds from repayment become available for us to invest.




70



Cash Flows

The following table sets forth changes in cash and cash equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 (dollars in thousands):

 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
 
$
76,830

 
$
53,801

 
$
25,406

Cash Flows From Investing Activities
 
(1,997,213
)
 
(1,083,677
)
 
(456,448
)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
 
1,903,394

 
1,037,050

 
500,602

Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
 
$
(16,989
)
 
$
7,174

 
$
69,560


Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities were primarily driven by our net interest income, which is driven by the income generated by our investments less financing costs. The following table sets forth interest received by, and paid for, our investments for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Interest Received:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior and mezzanine loans
 
$
157,626

 
$
69,835

 
$
25,327

CMBS B-Pieces
 
6,004

 
12,660

 
11,787

Preferred equity interest
 

 
1,986

 
2,182

 
 
163,630

 
84,481

 
39,296

Interest Paid:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings secured by senior loans
 
66,775

 
17,322

 
5,546

Net interest collections
 
$
96,855

 
$
67,159

 
$
33,750


Our net interest collections were partially offset by cash used to pay management and incentive fees, as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Management Fees to affiliate
 
$
15,773

 
$
11,317

 
$
5,082

Incentive Fees to affiliate
 
4,756

 

 
496

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
20,529

 
$
11,317

 
$
5,578


Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our cash flows from investing activities were primarily driven by cash outflows to fund new loan originations and our commitments under existing loan investments. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we funded $2,540.7 million of senior loans and received $446.3 million of principal repayments on certain loans. We also made a net investment in CMBS, held through an equity method investee, of $15.6 million. In April 2018, we sold four of our five CMBS trusts for net proceeds of $112.7 million.  During the year ended December 31, 2017, we funded or purchased $1,201.8 million of senior and mezzanine loans, received $61.0 million from the sale of a commercial mortgage loan and received $70.9 million of principal repayments on certain mezzanine loans, and our preferred equity interests. We also made a net investment in CMBS, held through an equity method investee, of $13.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we funded or purchased $448.3 million, $36.4 million and $10.2 million of senior and mezzanine loans, CMBS and preferred equity interests, respectively, and we received $7.4 million and $31.5 million of principal repayments and sales proceeds on certain mezzanine loans, respectively.




71



Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Our cash flows from financing activities were primarily driven by proceeds from borrowings under repurchase agreements and other financing arrangements of $2,311.1 million and $810.0 million from the issuance of our collateralized loan obligation during the year ended December 31, 2018. Additionally, we completed a $143.8 million Convertible Notes offering and two common stock public offerings which resulted in net proceeds of $139.4 million and $108.2 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2018. These inflows were partially offset by principal repayments of $1,314.8 million on borrowings under secured financing agreements and payments of $89.2 million in dividends during the year ended December 31, 2018. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our cash flows from financing activities were primarily driven by proceeds from borrowings under repurchase agreements of $984.2 million and $520.4 million, respectively, as well as net proceeds from the issuance of our common stock of $581.3 million and $210.0 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we made principal payments on our repurchase agreements of $460.4 million and $198.7 million, respectively. As a result of the payment of common and preferred stock dividends, our cash flows from financing activities decreased by $50.7 million and $21.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.




72


Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table presents our contractual obligations and commitments (including interest payments) as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
 
Total
 
Less than 1 year
 
1 to 3 years
 
3 to 5 years
 
Thereafter
Recourse Obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Master Repurchase Facilities(A)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo
$
577,816

 
$
21,819

 
$
43,699

 
$
512,298

 
$

Goldman Sachs
387,304

 
14,965

 
372,339

 

 

Morgan Stanley
344,780

 
14,049

 
330,731

 

 

Asset Specific Financing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BMO Facility
67,357

 
2,450

 
64,907

 

 

Total secured financing agreements
1,377,257

 
53,283

 
811,676

 
512,298

 

Convertible Notes
178,993

 
8,805

 
17,633

 
152,555

 

Future funding obligations(B)
419,485

 
218,132

 
201,353

 

 

RECOP commitment(C)
10,389

 
10,389

 

 

 

Revolver(D)

 

 

 

 

Total recourse obligations
1,986,124

 
290,609

 
1,030,662

 
664,853

 

Non-Recourse Obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized Loan Obligations
970,267

 
32,036

 
64,159

 
32,036

 
842,036

Term Loan Financing
835,773

 
29,093

 
806,680

 

 

CMBS(E)
1,364,415

 
59,386

 
168,423

 
121,858

 
1,014,748

Total
$
5,156,579

 
$
411,124

 
$
2,069,924

 
$
818,747

 
$
1,856,784


(A)
The allocation of repurchase facilities is based on the current maturity date of each individual borrowing under the facilities. The amounts include the related future interest payment obligations, which are estimated by assuming the amounts outstanding under our repurchase facilities and the interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2018 will remain constant into the future. This is only an estimate, as actual amounts borrowed and rates may vary over time. Amounts borrowed are subject to a maximum 25.0% recourse limit.
(B)
We have future funding obligations related to our investments in senior loans. These future funding obligations primarily relate to construction projects, capital improvements, tenant improvements and leasing commissions. Generally, funding obligations are subject to certain conditions that must be met, such as customary construction draw certifications, minimum debt service coverage ratios, minimal debt yield tests, or executions of new leases before advances are made to the borrower. As such, the allocation of our future funding obligations is based on the earlier of the expected funding or commitment expiration date.
(C)
Amounts committed to invest in an aggregator vehicle alongside RECOP, which has a two-year investment period ending April 2019.
(D)
Any amounts borrowed unsecured and full recourse to certain subsidiaries of KREF.
(E)
Amounts relate to VIE liabilities that represent securities not beneficially owned by our stockholders.

We are required to pay our Manager a base management fee, an incentive fee and reimbursements for certain expenses pursuant to our management agreement. The table above does not include the amounts payable to our Manager under our management agreement as they are not fixed and determinable. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional terms and details of the fees payable under our management agreement.

As a REIT, we generally must distribute substantially all of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to stockholders in the form of dividends to comply with the REIT provisions of the Code. Our taxable income does not necessarily equal our net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP, or our Core Earnings as described above under " — Key Financial Measures and Indicators — Core Earnings and Net Core Earnings."

Subsequent Events

Our subsequent events are detailed in Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements

73


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As described in Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements, we have off-balance sheet arrangements related to VIEs that we account for using the equity method of accounting and in which we hold an economic interest or have a capital commitment. Our maximum risk of loss associated with our interests in these VIEs is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the entity and any unfunded capital commitments. As of December 31, 2018, we held $30.7 million of interests in such entities, which does not include a remaining commitment of $10.4 million to RECOP that we are required to fund when called.

74


Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties. Accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical to understanding our financial statements because they involve significant judgments and uncertainties that could affect our reported assets and liabilities, as well as our reported revenue and expenses. All of these estimates reflect our best judgment about current, and for some estimates, future economic and market conditions and their effects based on information available as of the date of the financial statements. If conditions change from those expected, it is possible that the judgments and estimates described below could change, which may result in a change in our interest income recognition, allowance for loan losses, tax liability, future impairment of our investments, and valuation of our investment portfolio, among other effects. We believe that the following accounting policies are among the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments:

Interest Income Recognition

In estimating interest income, we make a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies, including interest rate and timing of principal payments. Loans where we expect to collect all contractually required principal and interest payments are considered performing loans. We accrue interest income on performing loans based on the outstanding principal amount and contractual terms of the loan. Interest income also includes origination discount and direct loan origination costs for loans that we originate, but where we did not elect the fair value option, as a yield adjustment using the effective interest method over the loan term. We expense origination discount and direct loan origination costs for loans acquired but not originated by us, as well as loans for which we elected the fair value option, as incurred. We also include income, including the amortization of premiums and discounts, arising from our preferred interests in joint ventures held-to-maturity.

We consider loans to be past due when a monthly payment is due and unpaid for 60 days or more. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status and considered non-performing when full payment of principal and interest is in doubt, which generally occurs when principal or interest is 120 days or more past due unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. We may return a loan to accrual status when repayment of principal and interest is reasonably assured under the terms of the restructured loan. We did not hold any loans that we placed on nonaccrual status or otherwise considered past due during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 or 2016.

Allowance for Loan Losses

We originate and purchase CRE debt and related instruments generally to be held as long-term investments at amortized cost. We perform a quarterly evaluation of loans classified as held-for-investment for impairment on a loan-by-loan basis. If we deem that it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts owed according to the contractual terms of a loan, impairment of that loan is indicated. If we consider a loan to be impaired, we establish an allowance for loan losses, through a valuation provision in earnings that reduces carrying value of the loan to the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's contractual effective rate or the fair value of the collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Significant judgment is required in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting loss allowance, and actual losses, if any, could materially differ from those estimates.

We perform a quarterly review of our portfolio. In conjunction with this review, we assess the risk factors of each loan, including, without limitation, LTV, debt yield, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, cash flow volatility, leasing and tenant profile, loan structure and exit plan, and project sponsorship. Considering these factors, we rate our loans based on a five-point scale, "1" though "5", from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:

1—Very Low Risk—The underlying property performance has surpassed underwritten expectations, and the sponsor’s business plan is generally complete. The property demonstrates stabilized occupancy and/or rental rates resulting in strong current cash flow and/or a very low LTV (<65%). At the level of performance, it is very likely that the underlying loan can be refinanced easily in the period’s prevailing capital market conditions.

2—Low Risk—The underlying property performance has matched or exceeded underwritten expectations, and the sponsor’s business plan may be ahead of schedule or has achieved some or many of the major milestones from a risk mitigation perspective. The property has achieved improving occupancy at market rents, resulting in sufficient current cash flow and/or a low LTV (65%-70%). Operating trends are favorable, and the underlying loan can be refinanced in today’s prevailing capital market conditions. The sponsor/manager is well capitalized or has demonstrated a history of success in owning or operating similar real estate.

75



3—Average Risk—The underlying property performance is in-line with underwritten expectations, or the sponsor may be in the early stages of executing its business plan. Current cash flow supports debt service payments, or there is an ample interest reserve or loan structure in place to provide the sponsor time to execute the value-improvement plan. The property exhibits a moderate LTV (<75%). Loan structure appropriately mitigates additional risks. The sponsor/manager has a stable credit history and experience owning or operating similar real estate.
4—High Risk/Potential for Loss: A loan that has a risk of realizing a principal loss. The underlying property performance is behind underwritten expectations, or the sponsor is behind schedule in executing its business plan. The underlying market fundamentals may have deteriorated, comparable property valuations may be declining or property occupancy has been volatile, resulting in current cash flow that may not support debt service payments. The loan exhibits a high LTV (>80%), and the loan covenants are unlikely to fully mitigate some risks. Interest payments may come from an interest reserve or sponsor equity.

5—Impaired/Loss Likely: A loan that has a very high risk of realizing a principal loss or has otherwise incurred a principal loss. The underlying property performance is significantly behind underwritten expectations, the sponsor has failed to execute its business plan and/or the sponsor has missed interest payments. The market fundamentals have deteriorated, or property performance has unexpectedly declined or valuations for comparable properties have declined meaningfully since loan origination. Current cash flow does not support debt service payments. With the current capital structure, the sponsor might not be incentivized to protect its equity without a restructuring of the loan. The loan exhibits a very high LTV (>90%), and default may be imminent.

Income Taxes

We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2014. We believe that we have operated in a manner qualifying us as a REIT since our election and intend to continue to do so. Accordingly, we do not believe we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of our net taxable income that is distributed to our stockholders as long as certain asset, income and share ownership tests are met.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost. We may also be subject to state or local income or franchise taxes as we consolidate subsidiaries that incur state and local income taxes, based on the tax jurisdiction in which each subsidiary operates.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we did not have any material deferred tax assets or liabilities arising from future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP and their respective tax bases. In addition, we recognize tax benefits for uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are included as a component of the provision for income taxes in our consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we did not have any material uncertain tax positions.



76



Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

77


ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We seek to manage our risks related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment rates and market value, while at the same time seeking to provide an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns. While risks are inherent in any business enterprise, we seek to quantify and justify risks in light of available returns and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.

Credit Risk

Our investments are subject to credit risk, including the risk of default. The performance and value of our investments depend upon the sponsors' ability to operate the properties that serve as our collateral so that they produce cash flows adequate to pay interest and principal due to us. To monitor this risk, our Manager reviews our investment portfolio and is in regular contact with the sponsors, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary.

Credit Yield Risk

Credit yields measure the return demanded on financial instruments by the lending market based on their risk of default. Increasing supply of credit-sensitive financial instruments and reduced demand will generally cause the market to require a higher yield on such financial instruments, resulting in a lower price for the financial instruments we hold.

As of December 31, 2018, a 100 basis point increase in credit yields would decrease our net book value by approximately $0.4 million, and a 100 basis point decrease in credit yields would increase our net book value by approximately $0.4 million, based on the investments we held on that date.

Interest Rate Risk

Generally, the composition of our investments is such that rising interest rates will increase our net income, while declining interest rates will decrease net income. As of December 31, 2018, 98.0% of our investments by total assets earned a floating rate of interest. The remaining 2.0% of our investments earned a fixed rate of interest. If interest rates were to decline, the value of these fixed-rate investments may increase and if interest rates were to increase, the value of these fixed-rate investments may fall; however, the interest income generated by these investments would not be affected by market interest rates. The interest rates we pay under our current repurchase agreements are floating rate. Accordingly, our interest expense will generally increase as interest rates increase and decrease as interest rates decrease.

As of December 31, 2018, a 50 basis point increase in short-term interest rates, based on a shift in the yield curve, would increase our cash flows by approximately $4.4 million during the 2018 fiscal year, whereas a 50 basis point decrease in short-term interest rates would decrease our cash flows by approximately $4.4 million during the 2018 fiscal year, based on the net floating-rate exposure of the investments we held on that date.

Prepayment Risk

Prepayment risk is the risk that principal will be repaid at an earlier date than anticipated, potentially causing the return on certain investments to be less than expected. As we receive prepayments of principal on our assets, any premiums paid on such assets are amortized against interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates accelerates the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income earned on the assets. Conversely, discounts on such assets are accreted into interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates accelerates the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the assets. Additionally, we may not be able to reinvest the principal repaid at the same or higher yield of the original investment.

Financing Risk

We finance our target assets using our repurchase facilities our Term Loan Financing, Asset Based Financing, collateralized loan obligations and through syndicating senior participations in our originated senior loans. Over time, as market conditions change, we may use other forms of leverage in addition to these methods of financing. Weakness or volatility in the financial markets, the commercial real estate and mortgage markets or the economy generally could adversely affect one or more of our lenders or potential lenders and could cause one or more of our lenders or potential lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide us with financing, or to decrease the amount of our available financing through a market to market, or to increase the costs of that financing.


78

Table of Contents

Real Estate Risk

The market values of commercial mortgage assets are subject to volatility and may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions; changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay the underlying loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.


79


ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE

81
82
83
84
85
87
87
87
97
99
103
104
105
106
108
112
114
115
117
119
120
121
123
 
 









80



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of
KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
New York, NY
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, changes in equity and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and schedule IV in Item 8 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New York, NY
February 20, 2019

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.


81



KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
86,531

 
$
103,120

Restricted cash
 

 
400

Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment, net
 
4,001,820

 
1,888,510

Equity method investments, at fair value
 
30,734

 
14,390

Accrued interest receivable
 
16,178

 
8,423

Other assets
 
3,596

 
7,239

Commercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value
 
1,092,986

 
5,372,811

Total Assets
 
$
5,231,845

 
$
7,394,893

 
 

 
 
Liabilities and Equity
 

 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Secured financing agreements, net
 
$
1,951,049

 
$
964,800

Collateralized loan obligation, net
 
800,346

 

Convertible notes, net
 
137,688

 

Loan participations sold, net
 
85,465

 
81,472

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
 
4,529

 
2,465

Dividends payable
 
25,097

 
19,981

Accrued interest payable
 
7,516

 
1,623

Due to affiliates
 
4,712

 
4,442

Variable interest entity liabilities, at fair value
 
1,080,255

 
5,256,926

Total Liabilities
 
4,096,657

 
6,331,709

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
Temporary Equity
 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in equity of consolidated joint venture
 

 
3,090

Redeemable preferred stock
 
2,846

 
949

 
 
 
 
 
Permanent Equity
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, 50,000,000 authorized (1 share with par value of $0.01 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017)
 

 

Common stock, 300,000,000 authorized (57,596,217 and 53,685,440 shares with par value of $0.01 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
 
576

 
537

Additional paid-in capital
 
1,163,845

 
1,052,851

(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings
 
(225
)
 
6,280

Repurchased stock, 1,649,880 and 26,398 shares repurchased as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
 
(31,854
)
 
(523
)
Total KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. stockholders’ equity
 
1,132,342

 
1,059,145

Total Permanent Equity
 
1,132,342

 
1,059,145

Total Liabilities and Equity
 
$
5,231,845

 
$
7,394,893



See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


82

Table of Contents


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
$
183,575

 
$
83,145

 
$
32,659

Interest expense
 
85,017

 
21,224

 
7,432

Total net interest income
 
98,558

 
61,921

 
25,227

Other Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gain on sale of investments
 
13,000

 

 
285

Change in net assets related to CMBS consolidated variable interest entities
 
2,588

 
15,845

 
15,461

Income from equity method investments
 
3,065

 
875

 

Other income
 
1,440

 
968

 
222

Total other income (loss)
 
20,093

 
17,688

 
15,968

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
 
7,812

 
4,936

 
2,270

Management fees to affiliate
 
16,346

 
13,492

 
5,934

Incentive compensation to affiliate
 
4,756

 

 
365

Total operating expenses
 
28,914

 
18,428

 
8,569

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interests and Preferred Dividends
 
89,737

 
61,181

 
32,626

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
(70
)
 
1,102

 
354

Net Income (Loss)
 
89,807

 
60,079

 
32,272

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
 
63

 
216

 
302

Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
 

 
801

 
813

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
89,744

 
59,062

 
31,157

Preferred Stock Dividends and Redemption Value Adjustment
 
2,451

 
244

 
16

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders
 
$
87,293

 
$
58,818

 
$
31,141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61

Diluted
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61

Weighted Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
55,136,548

 
45,320,358

 
19,299,597

Diluted
 
55,171,061

 
45,321,360

 
19,299,597

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends Declared per Share of Common Stock
 
$
1.69

 
$
1.62

 
$
1.22


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

83

Table of Contents

KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
 
 
Permanent Equity
 
Temporary Equity
 
 
KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Stated Value
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
(Accumulated Deficit)
 
Retained Earnings
 
Repurchased Stock
 
Total KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. Stockholders' Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Equity of Consolidated Joint Venture
 
Total Permanent Equity
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Equity of Consolidated Joint Venture
 
Redeemable Preferred Stock
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
125

 
$
125

 
13,636,416

 
$
136

 
$
272,518

 
$
8,681

 
$

 
$
281,460

 
$
4,914

 
$
286,374

 
$
4,643

 
$

Issuance of stock
 
1

 

 
10,521,976

 
106

 
209,898

 

 

 
210,004

 

 
210,004

 

 

Offering costs
 

 

 

 

 
(2,999
)
 

 

 
(2,999
)
 

 
(2,999
)
 

 

Preferred dividends declared
 

 

 

 

 

 
(16
)
 

 
(16
)
 

 
(16
)
 

 

Common dividends declared
 

 

 

 

 

 
(21,908
)
 

 
(21,908
)
 

 
(21,908
)
 

 

Capital contributions
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
2,049

 
2,049

 

 

Capital distributions
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(437
)
 
(437
)
 
(1,915
)
 

Net income (loss)
 

 

 

 

 

 
31,157

 

 
31,157

 
813

 
31,970

 
302

 

Balance at December 31, 2016
 
126

 
$
125

 
24,158,392

 
$
242

 
$
479,417

 
$
17,914

 
$

 
$
497,698

 
$
7,339

 
$
505,037

 
$
3,030

 
$

Issuance of stock
 

 

 
29,553,446

 
295

 
580,011

 

 

 
580,306

 

 
580,306

 

 
949

Repurchase of common stock
 

 

 
(26,398
)
 

 

 

 
(523
)
 
(523
)
 

 
(523
)
 

 

Redemption of preferred stock
 
(125
)
 
(125
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(125
)
 

 
(125
)
 

 

Offering costs
 

 

 

 

 
(6,642
)
 

 

 
(6,642
)
 

 
(6,642
)
 

 

Preferred dividends declared
 

 

 

 

 

 
(6
)
 

 
(6
)
 

 
(6
)
 

 
(238
)
Common dividends declared
 

 

 

 

 

 
(70,452
)
 

 
(70,452
)
 

 
(70,452
)
 

 

Capital distributions
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(8,140
)
 
(8,140
)
 
(156
)
 

Equity compensation
 

 

 

 

 
65

 

 

 
65

 

 
65

 

 

Net income (loss)
 

 

 

 

 

 
58,824

 

 
58,824

 
801

 
59,625

 
216

 
238

Balance at December 31, 2017
 
1

 
$

 
53,685,440

 
$
537

 
$
1,052,851

 
$
6,280

 
$
(523
)
 
$
1,059,145

 
$

 
$
1,059,145

 
$
3,090

 
$
949

Issuance of stock
 

 

 
5,500,000

 
55

 
109,445

 

 

 
109,500

 

 
109,500

 

 

Repurchase of common stock
 

 

 
(1,623,482
)
 
(16
)
 

 

 
(31,331
)
 
(31,347
)
 

 
(31,347
)
 

 

Offering costs
 

 

 

 

 
(1,823
)
 

 

 
(1,823
)
 

 
(1,823
)
 

 

Equity component of convertible notes
 

 

 

 

 
1,800

 

 

 
1,800

 

 
1,800

 

 

Preferred dividends declared
 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(554
)
Adjustment of redeemable preferred stock to redemption value
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,897
)
 

 
(1,897
)
 

 
(1,897
)
 

 
1,897

Common dividends declared
 

 

 

 
 

 
(93,798
)
 

 
(93,798
)
 

 
(93,798
)
 

 

Capital distributions and redemptions
 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(3,153
)
 

Stock-based compensation
 

 

 
34,259

 
*
 
1,572

 

 

 
1,572

 

 
1,572

 

 

Net income (loss)
 

 

 

 
 

 
89,190

 

 
89,190

 

 
89,190

 
63

 
554

Balance at December 31, 2018
 
1

 
$

 
57,596,217

 
$
576

 
$
1,163,845

 
$
(225
)
 
$
(31,854
)
 
$
1,132,342

 
$

 
$
1,132,342

 
$

 
$
2,846

* Rounds to zero.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

84

Table of Contents

KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts in thousands)
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
$
89,807

 
$
60,079

 
$
32,272

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and discounts
 
8,590

 
3,142

 
2,044

Accretion of net deferred loan fees and discounts
 
(10,524
)
 
(3,588
)
 
(1,021
)
Interest paid-in-kind
 

 
(864
)
 
(1,799
)
Change in non-cash net assets of consolidated variable interest entities
 
2,564

 
(3,375
)
 
(3,363
)
(Gain) on sale of investment securities
 
(13,000
)
 

 

(Gain) on sale of commercial mortgage loans, held-for-sale
 

 

 
(285
)
(Income) from equity method investments
 
(1,406
)
 
(875
)
 

Stock-based compensation expense
 
1,973

 
65

 

Origination and purchase of commercial loans, held-for-sale
 

 
(91,475
)
 

Proceeds from sale of commercial loans, held-for-sale
 

 
91,467

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued interest receivable, net
 
(6,914
)
 
(5,453
)
 
(1,647
)
Other assets
 
(1,708
)
 
2,792

 
4,826

Due to affiliates
 
(1,231
)
 
2,714

 
(398
)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
 
2,786

 
(1,858
)
 
(5,677
)
Accrued interest payable
 
5,893

 
1,030

 
454

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
76,830

 
53,801

 
25,406

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales of commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
112,747

 

 

Proceeds from sale of commercial mortgage loans
 

 
60,991

 
31,539

Proceeds from principal repayments of commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment
 
446,336

 
33,609

 
7,403

Proceeds from principal repayments of preferred interest in joint venture, held-to-maturity
 

 
37,310

 

Origination of commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment
 
(2,540,685
)
 
(1,201,778
)
 
(448,344
)
Investment in commercial mortgage-backed securities, equity method investee
 
(15,611
)
 
(33,588
)
 

Proceeds from commercial mortgage-backed securities, equity method investee
 

 
19,779

 

Purchases of commercial mortgage-backed securities
 

 

 
(36,351
)
Investment in preferred interest in joint venture
 

 

 
(10,240
)
Purchases of other capitalized assets
 

 

 
(455
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
(1,997,213
)
 
(1,083,677
)
 
(456,448
)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


85

Table of Contents


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts in thousands)

 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings under secured financing agreements
 
2,311,140

 
984,197

 
520,408

Proceeds from issuance of collateralized loan obligation
 
810,000

 

 

Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes
 
139,438

 

 

Proceeds from issuances of common stock
 
109,500

 
581,255

 
210,004

Proceeds from noncontrolling interest contributions
 

 

 
2,049

Redemption of preferred stock
 

 
(125
)
 

Payments of common stock dividends
 
(88,847
)
 
(50,579
)
 
(21,908
)
Payments of preferred stock dividends
 
(386
)
 
(137
)
 
(16
)
Principal repayments on borrowings under secured financing agreements
 
(1,314,812
)
 
(460,432
)
 
(198,726
)
Payments of debt and collateralized debt obligation issuance costs
 
(26,418
)
 
(3,412
)
 
(4,652
)
Payments of stock issuance costs
 
(1,324
)
 
(4,898
)
 
(4,205
)
Payments of redeemable noncontrolling interest distributions and redemptions
 
(3,153
)
 
(156
)
 
(1,915
)
Payments of noncontrolling interest distributions
 

 
(8,140
)
 
(437
)
Payments to reacquire common stock
 
(31,347
)
 
(523
)
 

Tax withholding on stock-based compensation
 
(397
)
 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
1,903,394

 
1,037,050

 
500,602

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
 
(16,989
)
 
7,174

 
69,560

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period
 
103,520

 
96,346

 
26,786

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period
 
$
86,531

 
$
103,520

 
$
96,346

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
 
$
66,775

 
$
17,322

 
$
5,546

Cash paid during the period for income taxes
 
755

 
806

 
521

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend declared, not yet paid
 
$
25,097

 
$
19,981

 
$

Loan Principal Payments Held by Servicer
 

 
4,557

 

Loan Participations Sold, Net (Note 7)
 
3,881

 
81,467

 

Funding of commercial loans, held for investment
 
(3,881
)
 
(81,467
)
 

Deconsolidation of variable interest entities (assets and liabilities)
 
4,048,378

 

 

Consolidation of variable interest entities (incremental assets and liabilities)
 

 

 
940,806


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


86


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 1. Business and Organization
KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, referred to throughout this report as the "Company", "KREF", "we", "us" and "our") is a Maryland corporation that was formed and commenced operations on October 2, 2014 as a mortgage "real estate investment trust" ("REIT") that focuses primarily on originating and acquiring senior loans secured by commercial real estate assets.

KREF has elected and intends to maintain its qualification to be taxed as a REIT under the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"), for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, KREF will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of its income that it distributes to stockholders if it distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. See Note 14 regarding taxes applicable to KREF.
 
KREF is externally managed by KKR Real Estate Finance Manager LLC ("Manager"), an indirect subsidiary of KKR & Co. Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, "KKR"), through a management agreement ("Management Agreement") pursuant to which the Manager provides a management team and other professionals who are responsible for implementing KREF’s business strategy, subject to the supervision of KREF’s board of directors. For its services, the Manager is entitled to management fees and incentive compensation, both defined in, and in accordance with the terms of, the Management Agreement (Note 12).

As of December 31, 2018, KKR beneficially owned 22,008,616 shares of KREF's common stock, of which 2,008,616 shares were held by KKR on behalf of a third-party investor.

As of December 31, 2018, KREF's principal business activities related to the origination and purchase of credit investments related to commercial real estate. Management assesses performance of KREF's current portfolio of leveraged and unleveraged commercial mortgage loans and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") as a whole and makes operating decisions accordingly. As a result, management presents KREF's operations within a single reporting segment.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes of KREF are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of KREF and its consolidated subsidiaries, and all intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Consolidation KREF consolidates those entities for which (i) it controls significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity or (ii) management determines that KREF is the primary beneficiary of entities deemed to be variable interest entities ("VIEs").

Variable Interest Entities VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have an interest with the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. A VIE is required to be consolidated only by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party that has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and that has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could be potentially significant to the VIE (Note 8).

To assess whether KREF has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, KREF considers all the facts and circumstances, including its role in establishing the VIE and its ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes, first, identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and second, identifying which party, if any, has power to direct those activities. To assess whether KREF has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, KREF considers all of its economic interests and applies judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE.



87


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Collateralized Loan ObligationKREF consolidates a collateralized loan obligation that closed in November 2018 (“KREF 2018-FL1” or “CLO”) (Note 5). Management determined that the CLO Issuers, wholly owned subsidiaries of KREF, were VIEs and that KREF was the primary beneficiary. KREF is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs since it has the ability to control the most significant activities of the CLO Issuers through ownership of non-investment grade rated subordinated controlling tranches, the obligation to absorb losses, and the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to these entities. As a result, KREF consolidates the CLO Issuers.

The collateral assets of the CLO, comprised of a pool of loan participations (Note 5) are included in “Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment, net” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The liabilities of KREF's consolidated CLO Issuers consist solely of obligations to the senior CLO noteholders, excluding subordinated CLO tranches held by KREF as such interests are eliminated in consolidation, are presented in “Collateralized loan obligations, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The collateral assets of the CLO can only be used to settle the obligations of the consolidated CLO. The interest income from the CLO collateral assets and the interest expense on the CLO liabilities are presented on a gross basis in “Interest Income” and “Interest expense”, respectively, in KREF's Consolidated Statements of Income.

CMBS KREF consolidates those trusts that issue beneficial ownership interests in mortgage loans secured by commercial real estate (commonly known as CMBS) when KREF holds a variable interest in, and management considers KREF to be the primary beneficiary of, those trusts. Management believes the performance of the assets that underlie CMBS issuances most significantly impacts the economic performance of the trust, and the primary beneficiary is generally the entity that conducts activities that most significantly impact the performance of the underlying assets. In particular, the most subordinate tranches of CMBS expose the holder to the greater variability of economic performance when compared to more senior tranches since the subordinate tranches absorb a disproportionately higher amount of the credit risk related to the underlying assets. Generally, a trust designates the most junior subordinate tranche outstanding as the controlling class, which entitles the holder of the controlling class to unilaterally appoint and remove the special servicer for the trust. The special servicer is responsible for the servicing and administration of delinquent and nonperforming loans as well as real estate owned ("REO") properties held as collateral delivered on foreclosed loans. While the special servicer cannot prevent losses, its services to the trust are designed to mitigate credit losses to holders of the CMBS.

For the trusts that KREF consolidates, KREF holds non-investment grade rated and unrated tranches that represent the most subordinated tranches of the CMBS issued by those trusts, which include the controlling class. As the holder of the most subordinate tranche, KREF is in a first loss position and has the right to receive benefits. As the holder of the controlling class, KREF has the ability to unilaterally appoint and remove the special servicer for the trust. In these cases, management considers KREF to be the primary beneficiary and consolidates the CMBS trusts.

For VIEs in which management determines KREF is the primary beneficiary, all of the underlying assets, liabilities and equity of the trusts are recorded on KREF's books, and the initial investment, along with any associated unrealized holding gains and losses, are eliminated in consolidation. Similarly, the interest income earned from these trusts is eliminated in consolidation.

Management elected the fair value option for KREF's initial and subsequent recognition of the assets and liabilities of KREF's consolidated CMBS VIEs in order to provide users of the financial statements with better information regarding the effects of credit risk and other market factors on the CMBS beneficially held by KREF's stockholders. Since the changes in fair value include the interest income and interest expense associated with these CMBS VIEs, management does not consider the separate presentation of the components of fair value changes to be relevant. Management has elected to present these items in aggregate as "Other IncomeChange in net assets related to CMBS consolidated variable interest entities" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income; the residual difference between the fair value of the trusts' assets and liabilities represents KREF's beneficial interest in the CMBS VIEs.

Management separately presents the assets and liabilities of KREF's consolidated VIEs as individual line items on KREF's Consolidated Balance Sheets for entities in which the VIEs assets can only be used to settle the VIE’s obligations. The liabilities of KREF's consolidated VIEs consist solely of obligations to the CMBS holders of the consolidated trusts, excluding CMBS held by KREF as such interests are eliminated in consolidation, and the interest accrued thereon, presented as "Liabilities — Variable interest entity liabilities, at fair value." The assets of KREF's consolidated VIEs consist principally of commercial mortgage loans and the interest accrued thereon, and are likewise presented as a single line item entitled "AssetsCommercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value."


88


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Assets of a CMBS trust, as a whole, can only be used to settle the obligations of the consolidated CMBS VIE. The assets of KREF's CMBS VIEs are not individually accessible by, and obligations of the CMBS VIEs are not recourse to, the bondholders.

REO assets generally represent a small percentage of the overall asset pool of a CMBS trust. No REO existed in KREF's consolidated VIE assets as of December 31, 2018. KREF derives the fair value of its Level 3 CMBS VIE assets from its Level 3 CMBS VIE liabilities, which management considers to possess more observable market value data than the CMBS VIE assets. See "— Fair Value — Valuation of CMBS Consolidated VIEs" for additional discussion regarding management's valuation of consolidated CMBS VIEs.

Commercial Mezzanine Loan Joint Venture KREF consolidated a joint venture that held a portion of KREF's investments in commercial mezzanine loans (“Mezzanine JV”), and in which a third-party owned a 5.0% redeemable noncontrolling interest ("Mezzanine JV Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest”) (Note 7 ). Management determined the joint venture to be a VIE as the owners of the redeemable noncontrolling interest did not have substantive participating or kick-out rights. KREF owned 95.0% of the equity interests in the joint venture and participated in the profits and losses. Management considered KREF to be the primary beneficiary of the joint venture as KREF held decision-making power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the joint venture. In June 2018, KREF acquired the 5.0% Mezzanine JV Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for its carrying value of $1.3 million.

Noncontrolling Interests — Noncontrolling interests represent the ownership interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries held by entities or persons other than KREF. Those noncontrolling interests that allow the holder to redeem before liquidation or termination of the entity that issued those interests are considered redeemable noncontrolling interests.

The redeemable noncontrolling interests issued by subsidiaries of KREF are subject to certain restrictions and require KREF to transfer assets or issue equity to satisfy the redemption. As KREF does not control the circumstances under which the noncontrolling interests may redeem their interests, management considers these redeemable noncontrolling interests as temporary equity, presented as "Temporary EquityRedeemable noncontrolling interests in equity of consolidated joint venture" in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and their share of "Net Income (Loss)" as "Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. KREF recorded the redeemable noncontrolling interests at fair value upon issuance by subsidiaries of KREF, and adjusts the carrying value of such interests to equal their respective redemption values at each subsequent reporting period date if KREF determines the noncontrolling interests are redeemable or probable to become redeemable.

KREF determined that the Special Non-Voting Preferred Stock (“SNVPS”) became redeemable in the second quarter of 2018. As a result, KREF adjusted the carrying value of the SNVPS to its redemption value of $2.8 million as of December 31, 2018. Accordingly, KREF recorded a $1.9 million non-cash redemption value adjustment to the SNVPS (“SNVPS Redemption Value Adjustment”) during the year ended December 31, 2018. Such adjustment is treated similar to a dividend on preferred stock for GAAP purposes, accordingly, the SNVPS Redemption Value Adjustment is therefore deducted from “Net Income (loss) Attributable to KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries” to arrive at “Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders” on KREF's Consolidated Statements of Income.

Equity method investments, at fair value— Investments are accounted for under the equity method when KREF has significant influence over the operations of an investee, but KREF does not consolidate that investment. Equity method investments, for which management has not elected a fair value option, are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for KREF's share of net income or loss and cash contributions and distributions each period.

Management determined that KREF's investment in the Manager is an interest in a VIE as KREF did not have substantive participating or kick-out rights. KREF does not have the power to direct activities and the obligation to absorb losses of the Manager that could be significant to the Manager. KREF accounts for its investment in the Manager using the equity method since KREF is not the primary beneficiary of the Manager (Note 7).

Management determined that its investment in an aggregator vehicle alongside KKR Real Estate Credit Opportunity Partners L.P. ("RECOP") is an interest in a VIE, however KREF is not the primary beneficiary and does not have substantive participating or kick-out rights. Management elected the fair value option for KREF's investment in RECOP. KREF records its share of net asset value in RECOP as “Equity method investments, at fair value” in its Consolidated Balance Sheets and its

89


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

share of unrealized gains or losses in "Income from equity method investments" in its Consolidated Statements of Income (Note 7).

Use of Estimates — The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes subjective estimates to project cash flows KREF expects to receive on its investments in loans and securities as well as the related market discount rates, which significantly impacts the interest income, impairments, allowance for loan loss and fair values recorded or disclosed. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value GAAP requires the categorization of the fair value of financial instruments into three broad levels that form a hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation.

Level 1
-    Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2
-    Inputs are other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3
-    Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

KREF follows this hierarchy for its financial instruments. The classifications are based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Estimates of fair value for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and convertible notes are measured using observable, quoted market prices, or Level 1 inputs.
Valuation Process — The Manager reviews the valuation of Level 3 financial instruments as part of KKR's quarterly process. As of December 31, 2018, KKR’s valuation process for Level 3 measurements, as described below, subjected valuations to the review and oversight of various committees. KKR has a global valuation committee assisted by the asset class-specific valuation committees, including a real estate valuation committee that reviews and approves all preliminary Level 3 valuations for real estate assets, including the financial instruments held by KREF. The global valuation committee is responsible for coordinating and implementing KKR’s valuation process to ensure consistency in the application of valuation principles across portfolio investments and between periods. All Level 3 valuations are also subject to approval by the global valuation committee.

Valuation of Commercial Mortgage Loans and Participation Sold — Management generally considers KREF's commercial mortgage loans Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy as such assets are illiquid, structured investments that are specific to the property and its operating performance. These loans are valued using a discounted cash flow model using discount rates derived from observable market data applied to the capital structure of the respective sponsor and estimated property value. On a quarterly basis, management engages an independent valuation firm to express an opinion on the fair value of each loan categorized as a Level 3 asset in the form of a range. Management selects a value within the range provided by the independent valuation firm to assess the reasonableness of the fair value as determined by management. In the event that management's estimate of fair value differs from the opinion of fair value provided by the independent valuation firm, KREF ultimately relies solely upon the valuation prepared by the investment personnel of the Manager.

Valuation of CLO Consolidated VIEs — Management estimates the fair value of the CLO liabilities using market comparables. As of December 31, 2018, the principal balance of the CLO liabilities approximate their fair value as current borrowing spreads reflect market terms.

Valuation of CMBS Consolidated VIEs — Management categorizes the financial assets and liabilities of the CMBS trusts that KREF consolidates as Level 3 assets and liabilities in the fair value hierarchy and has elected the fair value option for financial assets and liabilities of each CMBS trust. Management has adopted the measurement alternative included in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-13, Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity ("ASU 2014-13"). Pursuant to ASU 2014-13, management measures both the financial assets

90


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

and financial liabilities of the CMBS trusts consolidated by KREF using the fair value of the financial liabilities, which management considers more observable than the fair value of the financial assets. As a result, KREF presents the CMBS issued by the consolidated trust, but not beneficially owned by KREF's stockholders, as financial liabilities in KREF's consolidated financial statements, measured at their estimated fair value; KREF measures the financial assets as the total estimated fair value of the CMBS issued by the consolidated trust, regardless of whether such CMBS represent interests beneficially owned by KREF's stockholders. Under the measurement alternative prescribed by ASU 2014-13, KREF's "Net Income (Loss)" reflects the economic interests in the consolidated CMBS beneficially owned by KREF's stockholders, presented as "Change in net assets related to CMBS consolidated variable interest entities" in the Consolidated Statements of Income, which includes applicable (i) changes in the fair value of CMBS beneficially owned by KREF, (ii) interest and servicing fees earned from the CMBS trust and (iii) other residual returns or losses of the CMBS trust, if any (Note 7).

Management categorizes the commercial mezzanine loans held by separate joint ventures, VIEs consolidated by KREF as primary beneficiary, as Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy as such assets are illiquid, structured instruments that are specific to the properties and their corresponding operating performance (Note 13).

Other Valuation Matters — For Level 3 financial assets originated, or otherwise acquired, and financial liabilities assumed during the calendar month immediately preceding a quarter end that were conducted in an orderly transaction with an unrelated party, management generally believes that the transaction price provides the most observable indication of fair value given the illiquid nature of these financial instruments, unless management is aware of any circumstances that may cause a material change in the fair value through the remainder of the reporting period. For instance, significant changes to the underlying property or its planned operations may cause material changes in the fair value of commercial mortgage loans acquired, or originated, by KREF.

KREF’s determination of fair value is based upon the best information available for a given circumstance and may incorporate assumptions that are management’s best estimates after consideration of a variety of internal and external factors. When an independent valuation firm expresses an opinion on the fair value of a financial instrument in the form of a range, management selects a value within the range provided by the independent valuation firm, generally the midpoint, to assess the reasonableness of management’s estimated fair value for that financial instrument.

See Note 13 for additional information regarding the valuation of KREF's financial assets and liabilities.

Sales of Financial Assets and Financing Agreements KREF will, from time to time, sell loans, securities and other assets as well as finance assets in the form of secured borrowings. In each case, management evaluates whether the transaction constitutes a sale through legal isolation of the transferred financial asset from KREF, the ability of the transferee to pledge or exchange the transferred asset without constraint and the transfer of control of the transferred asset. For transfers that constitute sales, KREF (i) recognizes the financial assets it retains and liabilities it has incurred, if any, (ii) derecognizes the financial assets it has sold, and derecognizes liabilities when extinguished and (iii) recognizes a realized gain, or loss, based upon the excess, or deficient, proceeds received over the carrying value of the transferred asset. KREF does not recognize a gain, or loss, on interests retained, if any, where management elected the fair value option prior to sale.

Balance Sheet Measurement

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash KREF considers cash equivalents as highly liquid short-term investments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. Substantially all amounts on deposit with major financial institutions exceed insured limits.

KREF must also maintain sufficient cash and cash equivalents to satisfy liquidity covenants related to its secured financing agreements. However, such amounts are not restricted from use in KREF's current operations, and KREF does not present these cash and cash equivalents as restricted. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, KREF was required to maintain unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of at least $15.2 million and $12.1 million, respectively, to satisfy its liquidity covenants (Note 4).

Commercial Mortgage Loans Held‑For‑Investment and Provision for Loan Losses KREF recognizes its investments in commercial mortgage loans based on management's intent, and KREF's ability, to hold those investments through their contractual maturity. Management classifies those loans that management does not intend to sell in the foreseeable future, and KREF is able to hold until maturity, as held-for-investment. Loans that are held‑for‑investment are carried at their aggregate

91


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

outstanding face amount, net of applicable (i) unamortized origination or acquisition premiums and discounts, (ii) unamortized deferred nonrefundable fees and other direct loan origination costs, (iii) allowance for loan losses and (iv) charge-offs or write-downs of impaired loans. If a loan is determined to be impaired, management writes down the loan through a charge to the provision for loan losses. See "—Expense RecognitionLoan ImpairmentCommercial Mortgage Loans, Held-For-Investment" for additional discussion regarding management’s determination for loan losses. KREF applies the interest method to amortize origination or acquisition premiums and discounts and deferred nonrefundable fees or other direct loan origination costs, or on a straight line basis when it approximates the interest method. Loans for which management elects the fair value option at the time of origination, or acquisition, are carried at fair value on a recurring basis (Note 3).

Commercial Mortgage Loans Held‑For‑Sale — Loans that KREF originates, or acquires, which KREF is unable to hold, or management intends to sell or otherwise dispose of, in the foreseeable future are classified as held‑for‑sale and are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Secured Financing Agreements KREF's secured financing agreements, including Term Loan Financings, are treated as collateralized financing transactions and consist of floating rate, uncommitted repurchase facilities and Term Loan Financing arrangements carried at their contractual amounts, net of unamortized debt issuance costs (Note 4).

Convertible Notes, Net KREF accounts for its convertible debt with a cash conversion feature in accordance with ASC 470-20 “Debt with Conversion and Other Options” which requires the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion, including partial cash settlement, to be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. The initial proceeds from the sale of convertible notes are allocated between a liability component and an equity component in a manner that reflects interest expense at the rate of similar nonconvertible debt that could have been issued at such time. The equity component represents the excess initial proceeds received over the fair value of the liability component of the notes as of the date of issuance. KREF measured the estimated fair value of the debt component of the convertible notes due May 15, 2023 (“Convertible Notes”) as of the issuance date based on KREF’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. The equity component of the Convertible Notes is reflected within additional paid-in capital on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the resulting debt discount is amortized over the period during which such Convertible Notes are expected to be outstanding (through the maturity date) as additional non-cash interest expense using the interest method, or on a straight line basis when it approximates the interest method. The additional non-cash interest expense attributable to such convertible notes will increase in subsequent periods through the maturity date as the notes accrete to their par value over the same period (Note 5).

Loan Participations Sold, Net — In connection with its investments in senior loans, KREF finances certain investments through the syndication of non-recourse, or limited-recourse, loan participation to unaffiliated third parties. KREF’s presentation of the senior loan and related financing involved in the syndication depends upon whether GAAP recognized the transaction as a sale, though such differences in presentation do not generally impact KREF’s net stockholders’ equity or net income aside from timing differences in the recognition of certain transaction costs.

To the extent that GAAP recognizes a sale resulting from the syndication, KREF derecognizes the participation in the senior loan that KREF sold and continues to carry the retained portion of the loan as an investment. While KREF does not generally expect to recognize a material gain or loss on these sales, KREF would realize a gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the net proceeds received from the third party purchaser and its carrying value of the loan participation that KREF sold at time of sale. Furthermore, KREF recognizes interest income only on the portion of the senior loan that it retains as a result of the sale.
To the extent that GAAP does not recognize a sale resulting from the syndication, KREF does not derecognize the participation in the senior loan that it sold. Instead, KREF recognizes a loan participation sold liability in an amount equal to the principal of the loan participation syndicated less any unamortized discounts or financing costs resulting from the syndication. KREF continues to recognize interest income on the entire senior loan, including the interest attributable to the loan participation sold, as well as interest expense on the loan participation sold liability (Note 6).
Other Assets and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities — As of December 31, 2018, other assets primarily consisted of $1.4 million of deferred financing costs related to KREF's new unsecured corporate revolving credit facility (Note 4) and $1.3 million of collateralized loan obligations interest receivable on collateral assets held by a third-party servicer as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, other assets included a $4.6 million loan principal payment receivable from a third-party servicer and $2.1 million of deferred debt issuance costs related to credit facilities, net of

92


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

$0.5 million accumulated amortization. As of December 31, 2018, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities mainly consisted of $2.0 million of accrued share buybacks and $1.0 million of accrued deferred financing costs and offering costs. As of December 31, 2017, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities included $1.6 million of miscellaneous accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Special Non-Voting Preferred Stock ("SNVPS") — Equity instruments that are redeemable for cash or other assets are classified as temporary equity if the instrument is redeemable, at the option of the holder, at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date or upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the issuer. Redeemable equity instruments are initially carried at the fair value of the equity instrument at the issuance date, which is subsequently adjusted at each balance sheet date if the instrument is currently redeemable or probable of becoming redeemable. KREF accounted for the SNVPS as redeemable preferred stock since a third party holds a redemption option, exercisable after May 5, 2018, and such redemption is not solely within KREF's control. The SNVPS became redeemable in the second quarter of 2018, accordingly, KREF adjusted the carrying value of the SNVPS to its redemption value of $2.8 million as of December 31, 2018. KREF presents the SNVPS as “Temporary EquityRedeemable preferred stock” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets (Note 8).

Income Recognition

Interest Income — Loans where management expects to collect all contractually required principal and interest payments are considered performing loans. KREF accrues interest income on performing loans based on the outstanding principal amount and contractual terms of the loan. Interest income also includes origination fees and direct loan origination costs for loans that KREF originates, but where management did not elect the fair value option, as a yield adjustment using the interest method over the loan term, or on a straight line basis when it approximates the interest method. KREF expenses origination fees and direct loan origination costs for loans acquired, but not originated, by KREF as well as loans for which management elected the fair value option, as incurred.

Realized Gain (Loss) on Sale of Investments KREF recognizes the excess, or deficiency, of net proceeds received, less the net carrying value of such investments, as realized gains or losses, respectively. KREF reverses cumulative, unrealized gains or losses previously reported in its Consolidated Statements of Income with respect to the investment sold at the time of sale.

Expense Recognition

Loan Impairment — KREF holds commercial mortgage loans for both investment and sale, which management periodically evaluates for impairment.
    
Commercial Mortgage Loans, Held-For-Investment — For each loan in KREF's portfolio, management performs a quarterly evaluation of impairment indicators of loans classified as held‑for‑investment using applicable loan, property, market and sponsor information obtained from borrowers, loan servicers and local market participants. Such indicators may include the net present value of the underlying collateral, property operating cash flows, the sponsor’s financial wherewithal and competency in managing the property, macroeconomic trends, and property submarket-specific economic factors. The evaluation of these indicators of impairment requires significant judgment by management to determine whether failure to collect contractual amounts is probable.

If management deems that it is probable that KREF will be unable to collect all amounts owed according to the contractual terms of a loan, impairment of that loan is indicated. If management considers a loan to be impaired, management establishes an allowance for loan losses, through a valuation provision in earnings, which reduces the carrying value of the loan to the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s contractual effective rate or the fair value of the collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Significant judgment is required in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting loss allowance, and actual losses, if any, could materially differ from those estimates.

Management considers loans to be past due when a monthly payment is due and unpaid for 60 days or more. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status and considered non-performing when full payment of principal and interest is in doubt, which generally occurs when principal or interest is 120 days or more past due unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Management may return a loan to accrual status when repayment of principal and interest is reasonably assured under the terms of the restructured loan. As of December 31, 2018, KREF did not hold any loans that management placed on nonaccrual status or otherwise considered past due.

93


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)


In addition to reviewing commercial mortgage loans held-for-investment for impairment, the Manager evaluates KREF's commercial mortgage loans to determine if an allowance for loan loss should be established. In conjunction with this review, the Manager assesses the risk factors of each loan, and assigns a risk rating based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, underlying real estate performance and asset value, values of comparable properties, durability and quality of property cash flows, sponsor experience and financial wherewithal, and the existence of a risk-mitigating loan structure. Additional key considerations include loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, loan structure, real estate and credit market dynamics, and risk of default or principal loss. Based on a five-point scale, KREF's loans are rated "1" through "5," from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:

1—Very Low Risk—The underlying property performance has surpassed underwritten expectations, and the sponsor’s business plan is generally complete. The property demonstrates stabilized occupancy and/or rental rates resulting in strong current cash flow and/or a very low loan-to-value ratio (<65%). At the level of performance, it is very likely that the underlying loan can be refinanced easily in the period’s prevailing capital market conditions.

2—Low Risk—The underlying property performance has matched or exceeded underwritten expectations, and the sponsor’s business plan may be ahead of schedule or has achieved some or many of the major milestones from a risk mitigation perspective. The property has achieved improving occupancy at market rents, resulting in sufficient current cash flow and/or a low loan-to-value ratio (65%-70%). Operating trends are favorable, and the underlying loan can be refinanced in today’s prevailing capital market conditions. The sponsor/manager is well capitalized or has demonstrated a history of success in owning or operating similar real estate.

3—Average Risk—The underlying property performance is in-line with underwritten expectations, or the sponsor may be in the early stages of executing its business plan. Current cash flow supports debt service payments, or there is an ample interest reserve or loan structure in place to provide the sponsor time to execute the value-improvement plan. The property exhibits a moderate loan-to-value ratio (<75%). Loan structure appropriately mitigates additional risks. The sponsor/manager has a stable credit history and experience owning or operating similar real estate.
4—High Risk/Potential for Loss: A loan that has a risk of realizing a principal loss. The underlying property performance is behind underwritten expectations, or the sponsor is behind schedule in executing its business plan. The underlying market fundamentals may have deteriorated, comparable property valuations may be declining or property occupancy has been volatile, resulting in current cash flow that may not support debt service payments. The loan exhibits a high loan-to-value ratio (>80%), and the loan covenants are unlikely to fully mitigate some risks. Interest payments may come from an interest reserve or sponsor equity.

5—Impaired/Loss Likely: A loan that has a very high risk of realizing a principal loss or has otherwise incurred a principal loss. The underlying property performance is significantly behind underwritten expectations, the sponsor has failed to execute its business plan and/or the sponsor has missed interest payments. The market fundamentals have deteriorated, or property performance has unexpectedly declined or valuations for comparable properties have declined meaningfully since loan origination. Current cash flow does not support debt service payments. With the current capital structure, the sponsor might not be incentivized to protect its equity without a restructuring of the loan. The loan exhibits a very high loan-to-value ratio (>90%), and default may be imminent.

Commercial Mortgage Loans, Held-For-Sale — For commercial mortgage loans held-for-sale, KREF applies the lower of cost or fair value accounting and may be required, from time to time, to record a nonrecurring fair value adjustment.

Interest Expense — Management expenses contractual interest due in accordance with KREF's financing agreements as incurred.

Deferred Debt Issuance Costs — Management capitalizes and amortizes deferred financing costs incurred in connection with financing arrangements over their respective expected term using the interest method, or on a straight line basis when it approximates the interest method. KREF presents such expensed amounts, as well as deferred amounts written off, as additional interest expense in its Consolidated Statements of Income.

General and Administrative Expenses — Management expenses general and administrative costs, including legal, diligence and audit fees; information technology costs; insurance premiums; and other costs as incurred.

94


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)


Management and Incentive Compensation to Affiliate — Management expenses compensation earned by the Manager on a quarterly basis in accordance with the Management Agreement (Note 11).

Income Taxes — Certain activities of KREF are conducted through joint ventures that are formed as limited liability companies, taxed as partnerships, and consolidated by KREF. Some of these joint ventures are subject to state and local income taxes, based on the tax jurisdictions in which they operate. In addition, certain activities of KREF are conducted through taxable REIT subsidiaries consolidated by KREF. Taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and local income taxes (Note 14).

As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, KREF did not have any material deferred tax assets or liabilities arising from future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP and their respective tax bases.

KREF recognizes tax benefits for uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are included as a component of the provision for income taxes in KREF's Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2018, KREF did not have any material uncertain tax positions.

Stock-Based Compensation

KREF's stock-based compensation consists of awards issued to employees of the Manager or its affiliates that vest over the life of the awards, as well as restricted stock units issued to certain members of KREF's board of directors. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2018-07, Improvement to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting upon its issuance in June 2018. Accordingly, the Company recognizes the compensation cost of stock-based awards to employees of the Manager or its affiliates on a straight-line basis over the awards’ term at their grant date fair value.

Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718), KREF elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. Refer to Note 10 for additional information.

Earnings per Share

Diluted earnings per share, or Diluted EPS, is determined using the treasury stock method, and is based on the net earnings attributable to common stockholders, including restricted stock units, divided by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock, including restricted stock units. Refer to Note 8 for additional discussion of earnings per share.

KREF presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS"). Basic EPS, or Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock, Basic, is calculated by dividing Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders by the Basic Weighted Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding, for the period.

Diluted EPS, or Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock, Diluted, is calculated by starting with Basic EPS and adding the weighted average dilutive shares issuable from restricted stock units, computed using the treasury stock method, to the weighted average common shares outstanding in the denominator.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under current guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. In adopting ASU 2014-09, entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified approach to adopt the guidance in the ASUKREF has adopted the modified approach. The adoption of this ASU beginning in the first quarter of 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

95


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Financial Instruments

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The standard: (i) requires that certain equity investments be measured at fair value, and modifies the assessment of impairment for certain other equity investments, (ii) changes certain disclosure requirements related to the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost, (iii) changes certain disclosure requirements related to liabilities measured at fair value, (iv) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset, and (v) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. An entity should apply ASU No. 2016-01 by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-01 beginning in the first quarter of 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The standard amends the existing credit loss model to reflect a reporting entity's current estimate of all expected credit losses and requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at a net amount expected to be collected through deduction of an allowance for credit losses from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s). ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for KREF in the first quarter of 2020. Early adoption is permitted beginning in the first quarter of 2019. While KREF is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on KREF's consolidated financial statements, we expect that the adoption will result in an increased amount of provisions for potential loan losses as well as the recognition of such provisions earlier in the credit cycle. KREF currently does not have any provision for loan losses recorded on the consolidated financial statements.

Share-based Compensation

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The standard aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payments to nonemployees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. Under the guidance, the measurement of equity-classified nonemployee awards will be fixed at the grant date. ASU No. 2018-07 is effective for public companies in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted. KREF early adopted this ASU upon its issuance to simplify its accounting for share-based payments to employees of the Manager or its affiliates. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements. The ASU eliminates, amends and adds disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019. KREF has elected to early adopt ASU 2018-13 in its entirety as of 2018. Such adoption did not have a material impact on KREF's consolidated financial statements.

96


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 3. Commercial Mortgage Loans
The following table summarizes KREF's investments in commercial mortgage loans as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average
Loan Type
 
Outstanding Face Amount
 
Carrying Value
 
Loan Count
 
Floating Rate Loan %(A)
 
Coupon(A)
 
Life (Years)(B)
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held-for-investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior loans(C)
 
$
3,970,856

 
$
3,946,086

 
33

 
100.0
%
 
6.0
%
 
3.7
Mezzanine loans(D)
 
55,857

 
55,734

 
8

 
53.0

 
12.0

 
4.1
 
 
$
4,026,713

 
$
4,001,820

 
41

 
99.3
%
 
6.0
%
 
3.7
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held-for-investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior loans(C)
 
$
1,794,963

 
$
1,782,054

 
18

 
100.0
%
 
5.8
%
 
3.7
Mezzanine loans(D)
 
106,730

 
106,456

 
10

 
75.4

 
11.3

 
3.7
 
 
$
1,901,693

 
$
1,888,510

 
28

 
98.6
%
 
6.1
%
 
3.7

(A)
Average weighted by outstanding face amount of loan. Weighted average coupon assumes applicable one-month LIBOR rates of 2.50% and 1.56% as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
(B)
The weighted average life of each loan is based on the expected timing of the receipt of contractual cash flows assuming all extension options are exercised by the borrower.
(C)
Senior loans may include accommodation mezzanine loans in connection with the senior mortgage financing. Also, includes loan participations sold with a face amount of $85.9 million and $82.0 million, and a carrying value of $85.6 million and $81.5 million as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Includes CLO loan participations of $1.0 billion as of December 31, 2018.
(D)
In June 2018, KREF acquired the 5.0% redeemable noncontrolling interest in the Mezzanine JV that held six commercial mezzanine loans, held-for-investment, with a $26.2 million outstanding face amount and carrying value as of December 31, 2018. The Mezzanine JV held seven commercial mezzanine loans, held-for-investment, with a $61.2 million outstanding face amount and carrying value as of December 31, 2017.

Activity — For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the loan portfolio activity was as follows:

 
Held-for-Investment
 
Held-for-Sale
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
674,596

 
$
26,230

 
$
700,826

Purchases and originations, net(A)
1,201,778

 
91,475

 
1,293,253

Transfer to held-for-investment(B)
107,814

 
(107,814
)
 

Proceeds from principal repayments(C)
(38,166
)
 

 
(38,166
)
Proceeds from principal repaid upon loan sale
(60,991
)
 
(10,000
)
 
(70,991
)
Accretion of loan discount and other amortization, net(D)
3,479

 
109

 
3,588

Balance at December 31, 2017
$
1,888,510

 
$

 
$
1,888,510

Purchases and originations, net(A)
2,544,565

 

 
2,544,565

Proceeds from principal repayments
(441,779
)
 

 
(441,779
)
Accretion of loan discount and other amortization, net(D)
10,524

 

 
10,524

Balance at December 31, 2018
$
4,001,820

 
$

 
$
4,001,820


(A)
Net of applicable premiums, discounts and deferred loan origination costs.
(B)
Non-cash transfer of commercial mortgage loans, as management no longer intends to sell, and has the ability to hold-to-maturity, the loans originally placed for sale as well as loan participations sold that did not qualify for sale treatment in accordance with GAAP. 
(C)
Includes $4.6 million of loan principal payments receivable from KREF's third-party servicer.
(D)
Includes accretion of applicable discounts and deferred loan origination costs.

As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was $24.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts included in commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.


97


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Loan Risk Ratings — As further described in Note 2, our Manager evaluates KREF's commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. In conjunction with the quarterly commercial mortgage loan portfolio review, KREF's Manager assesses the risk factors of each loan, and assigns a risk rating based on a variety of factors. Loans are rated “1” (very low risk) through “5” Impaired/Loss Likely), which ratings are defined in Note 2. The following table allocates the principal balance and net book value of the loan portfolio based on KREF's internal risk ratings:
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Risk Rating
 
Number of Loans
 
Net Book Value
 
Total Loan Exposure(A)
 
Risk Rating
 
Number of Loans
 
Net Book Value
 
Total Loan Exposure(A)
1
 

 
$

 
$

 
1
 

 
$

 
$

2
 
8

 
466,742

 
468,860

 
2
 
4

 
155,092

 
156,123

3
 
33

 
3,535,078

 
3,625,008

 
3
 
23

 
1,717,000

 
1,792,022

4
 

 

 

 
4
 
1

 
16,418

 
16,500

5
 

 

 

 
5
 

 

 

 
 
41

 
$
4,001,820

 
$
4,093,868

 
 
 
28

 
$
1,888,510

 
$
1,964,645


(A)
In certain instances, we finance our loans through the non-recourse sale of a senior interest that is not included in our consolidated financial statements. Total loan exposure includes the entire loan we originated and financed, including $67.2 million and $63.0 million of such non-consolidated interests as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, the average risk rating of KREF's portfolio was 2.9 (Average Risk), weighted by investment carrying value, with 100.0% of commercial mortgage loans held-for-investment, rated 3 (Average Risk) or better by KREF's Manager as compared to 2.9 (Average Risk) as of December 31, 2017.

Concentration of Credit Risk — The following tables present the geographies and property types of collateral underlying KREF's commercial mortgage loans as a percentage of the loans' carrying values, net of noncontrolling interests:
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Geography
 

 
Collateral Property Type
 

New York
 
30.3
%
 
29.3
%
 
Office
 
44.6
%
 
41.7
%
Florida
 
11.3

 
2.2

 
Multifamily
 
41.0

 
24.7

Georgia
 
11.1

 
11.0

 
Condo (Residential)
 
4.3

 
10.8

California
 
9.7

 
14.9

 
Hospitality
 
3.7

 
2.2

Washington
 
8.3

 

 
Industrial
 
3.3

 
6.8

Minnesota
 
5.7

 
7.0

 
Retail
 
3.1

 
13.8

Massachusetts
 
4.9

 

 
Total
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
New Jersey
 
3.7

 
7.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania
 
3.5

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Oregon
 
3.1

 
6.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
Washington D.C.
 
2.4

 
4.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
Colorado
 
2.4

 
5.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Philadelphia
 
1.9

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Tennessee
 
1.3

 
2.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
Texas
 
0.1

 
3.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
Hawaii
 

 
5.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
Illinois
 

 
0.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S.
 
0.3

 
0.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 


98


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 4. Debt Obligations

The following table summarizes KREF's secured master repurchase agreements and other financing arrangements in place as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Facility
 
Collateral
 
Facility
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average(B)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Month Issued
 
Outstanding Face Amount
 
Carrying Value(A)
 
Maximum Facility Size
 
Final Stated Maturity
 
Funding Cost
 
Life (Years)
 
Outstanding Face Amount
 
Amortized Cost Basis
 
Carrying Value
 
Weighted Average Life (Years)(C)
 
Carrying Value(A)
Master Repurchase Agreements(D)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo(E)
 
Oct 2015
 
$
512,298

 
$
508,523

 
$
1,000,000

 
Nov 2023
 
4.5
%
 
1.5
 
$
735,750

 
$
730,103

 
$
730,103

 
3.6
 
$
482,146

Morgan Stanley(F)
 
Dec 2016
 
302,595

 
300,081

 
600,000

 
Dec 2021
 
5.1

 
1.2
 
448,444

 
445,974

 
445,974

 
2.7
 
421,904

Goldman Sachs(G)
 
Sep 2016
 
342,368

 
340,671

 
400,000

 
Oct 2020
 
4.8

 
1.4
 
465,764

 
461,565

 
461,565

 
4.5
 
60,750

Asset Specific Financing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BMO Facility(H)
 
Aug 2018
 
60,000

 
58,815

 
200,000

 
n.a
 
4.7

 
4.6
 
81,779

 
80,949

 
80,949

 
4.9
 

Revolving Credit Agreement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays(I)
 
May 2017
 
n.a
 
n.a
 
n.a
 
n.a
 

 
0.0
 
n.a
 
n.a
 
n.a
 
n.a
 

Revolver(J)
 
Dec 2018
 

 

 
100,000

 
Dec 2023
 
0.7

 
0.0
 
n.a
 
n.a
 
n.a
 
n.a
 

Total / Weighted Average
 
$
1,217,261

 
$
1,208,090

 
$
2,300,000

 
 
 
4.7
%
 
1.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
964,800


(A)
Net of $9.2 million and $4.5 million unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
(B)
Average weighted by the outstanding face amount of borrowings.
(C)
Average based on the fully extended loan maturity, weighted by the outstanding face amount of the collateral.
(D)
Borrowings under these repurchase agreements are collateralized by senior loans, held-for-investment, and bear interest equal to the sum of (i) a floating rate index, equal to one-month LIBOR, subject to certain floors of not less than zero, or an index approximating LIBOR, and (ii) a margin, based on the collateral. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the percentage of the outstanding face amount of the collateral sold and not borrowed under these repurchase agreements, or average "haircut" weighted by outstanding face amount of collateral, was 25.8% and 32.9%, respectively (or 23.4% and 27.3%, respectively, if KREF had borrowed the maximum amount approved by its repurchase agreement counterparties as of such dates).
(E)
In November 2018, KREF and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”) amended the September 2018 amended and restated master repurchase agreement to extend the facility maturity date. The current stated maturity date is , which does not reflect two, twelve-month facility term extensions available to KREF, which is contingent upon certain covenants and thresholds. In September 2018, KREF and Wells Fargo amended the master repurchase agreement to increase the maximum facility size from $750.0 million to $1,000.0 million. As of December 31, 2018, the collateral-based margin was between 1.50% and 2.15%.
(F)
In November 2017, KREF and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. ("Morgan Stanley") amended and restated the master repurchase agreement to extend the facility maturity date and to increase the maximum facility size from $500.0 million to $600.0 million and, subject to customary conditions, permits KREF to request the facility be further increased to $750.0 million. The current stated maturity of the facility is December 2020, which does not reflect one, twelve-month facility term extension available to KREF, which is contingent upon certain covenants and thresholds and, even if such covenants and thresholds are satisfied, is at the sole discretion of Morgan Stanley. As of December 31, 2018, the collateral-based margin was between 2.00% and 2.45%.
(G)
In October 2018, KREF and Goldman Sachs Bank USA (“Goldman Sachs”) amended the July 2018 amended and restated master repurchase agreement to modify certain terms and provisions. The amended and restated facility includes a $400.0 million term facility with a maturity of October 2020. As of December 31, 2018, the collateral-based margin was between 1.70% and 2.00%.
(H)
In August 2018, KREF entered into a $200.0 million loan financing facility with BMO Harris Bank ("BMO Facility"). The facility provides asset-based financing on a non-mark to market basis with matched-term up to five years with partial recourse to KREF. As of December 31, 2018, the collateral-based margin was 1.7%.
(I)
In December 2018, KREF terminated the $75.0 million corporate secured revolving credit facility administered by Barclays Bank PLC ("Barclays"). In connection with the termination of the facility, KREF recognized $0.7 million of previously unrecognized deferred financing costs.
(J)
In December 2018, KREF entered into a $100.0 million unsecured corporate revolving credit facility (“Revolver”) administered by Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. (“Morgan Stanley Senior Funding”). The lenders under the facility are Morgan Stanley Senior Funding and Goldman Sachs, each with a $50.0 million commitment. The current stated maturity of the facility is December 2023. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the sum of (i) a floating rate index and (ii) a fixed margin. Amounts borrowed under this facility are full recourse to certain subsidiaries of KREF. As of December 31, 2018, the carrying value excluded $1.4 million unamortized debt issuance costs presented as " — Other assets" in KREF's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The preceding table excludes loan participations sold (Note 7).


99


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, KREF had outstanding repurchase agreements where the amount at risk with any individual counterparty, or group of related counterparties, exceeded 10.0% of KREF’s stockholders' equity. The amount at risk under repurchase agreements is the net counterparty exposure, defined as the excess of the carrying amount (or market value, if higher than the carrying amount) of the assets sold under agreement to repurchase, including accrued interest plus any cash or other assets on deposit to secure the repurchase obligation, over the amount of the repurchase liability, adjusted for accrued interest. The following table summarizes certain characteristics of KREF's repurchase agreements where the amount at risk with any individual counterparty, or group of related counterparties, exceeded 10.0% of KREF’s stockholders' equity as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

 
 
Outstanding Face Amount
 
Net Counterparty Exposure
 
Percent of Stockholders' Equity
 
Weighted Average Life (Years)(A)
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo
 
$
512,298

 
$
223,780

 
19.8
%
 
1.5
Morgan Stanley
 
302,595

 
145,066

 
12.8

 
1.2
Goldman Sachs Bank USA
 
342,368

 
122,461

 
10.8
%
 
1.4
Total / Weighted Average
 
$
1,157,261

 
$
491,307

 
43.7
%
 
1.4
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo
 
$
485,250

 
$
203,303

 
19.2
%
 
1.6
Morgan Stanley
 
423,347

 
251,463

 
23.7

 
2.0
Total / Weighted Average
 
$
908,597

 
$
454,766

 
42.9
%
 
1.8

(A)
Average weighted by the outstanding face amount of borrowings under the secured financing agreement.

Debt obligations included in the tables above are obligations of KREF’s consolidated subsidiaries, which own the related collateral, and such collateral is generally not available to other creditors of KREF. In particular, holders of CMBS, including KREF, are unable to directly own the mortgages, properties or other collateral held by the issuing trusts that KREF present as "AssetsCommercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value" in its Consolidated Balance Sheets.

While KREF is generally not required to post margin under repurchase agreement terms for changes in general capital market conditions such as changes in credit spreads or interest rates, KREF may be required to post margin for changes in conditions specific to loans that serve as collateral for those repurchase agreements. Such changes may include declines in the appraised value of property that secures a loan or a negative change in the borrower's ability or willingness to repay a loan. To the extent that KREF is required to post margin, KREF's liquidity could be significantly impacted. Both KREF and its lenders work cooperatively to monitor the performance of the properties and operations related to KREF's loan investments to mitigate investment-specific credit risks. Additionally, KREF incorporates terms in the loans it originates to further mitigate risks related to loan nonperformance.




















100


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Term Loan Financing

In April 2018, KREF, through its consolidated subsidiaries, entered into a term loan financing agreement (“Term Loan Facility”) with third party lenders for an initial borrowing capacity of $200.0 million that was subsequently increased to $1.0 billion as of December 31, 2018. The facility provides asset-based financing on a non-mark-to-market basis with matched term up to five years and is non-recourse to KREF. Borrowings under the facility are collateralized by senior loans, held-for-investment, and bear interest equal to one-month LIBOR plus a margin. As of December 31, 2018, the weighted average margin and interest rate on the facility were 1.4% and 3.9%, respectively. The following table summarizes our borrowings under the Term Loan Facility:
 
 
December 31, 2018
Term Loan Facility
 
Count
 
Outstanding Face Amount
 
Carrying Value
 
Wtd. Avg. Yield/Cost(A)
 
Guarantee(B)
 
Wtd. Avg. Term(C)
Collateral assets
 
10
 
$
941,905

 
$
933,179

 
L + 3.1%
 
n.a.
 
August 2023
Financing provided
 
1
 
748,414

 
742,959

 
L + 1.8%
 
n.a.
 
August 2023
(A)
Floating rate loans and related liabilities are indexed to one-month LIBOR. KREF's net interest rate exposure is in direct proportion to its interest in the net assets indexed to that rate. In addition to cash coupon, yield/cost includes the amortization of deferred origination/financing costs.
(B)
Financing under the Term Loan Facility is non-recourse to KREF.
(C)
The weighted-average term is determined using the maximum maturity date of the corresponding loans, assuming all extension options are exercised by the borrower.

Activity — For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the activity related to the carrying value of KREF’s secured financing agreements, Asset Specific Financing and Term Loan Financing were as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
439,144

Principal borrowings
 
984,197

Principal repayments
 
(460,432
)
Deferred debt issuance costs
 
(1,468
)
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs
 
2,548

Other(A)
 
811

Balance as of December 31, 2017
 
$
964,800

Principal borrowings
 
2,311,140

Principal repayments/ sales/ deconsolidation
 
(1,314,812
)
Deferred debt issuance costs
 
(15,324
)
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs
 
5,245

Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
$
1,951,049


(A)    Amounts principally consist of changes in accrued interest payable and cost adjustments.

Maturities KREF’s secured financing agreements, term loan financing and other consolidated debt obligations in place as of December 31, 2018 had current contractual maturities as follows:

Year
 
Nonrecourse
 
Recourse(A)
 
Total
2019
 
$

 
$
360,655

 
$
360,655

2020
 
81,528

 
698,947

 
780,475

2021
 
666,886

 

 
666,886

2022
 

 
157,659

 
157,659

 
 
$
748,414

 
$
1,217,261

 
$
1,965,675


(A)
Amounts borrowed subject to a maximum 25.0% recourse limit.



101


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Covenants KREF is required to comply with customary loan covenants and event of default provisions related to its secured financing agreements and Revolver, including, but not limited to, negative covenants relating to restrictions on operations with respect to KREF’s status as a REIT, and financial covenants. Such financial covenants include an interest income to interest expense ratio covenant (1.5 to 1.0); a minimum consolidated tangible net worth covenant (75.0% of the aggregate cash proceeds of any equity issuances made and any capital contributions received by KREF and certain subsidiaries or $800.0 million depending upon the facility); a cash liquidity covenant (the greater of $10.0 million or 5.0% of KREF's recourse indebtedness); and a total indebtedness covenant (75.0% of KREF's total assets, net of VIE liabilities and non-recourse indebtedness). As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, KREF was in compliance with its financial loan covenants.

102


Note 5. Collateralized Loan Obligation

In November 2018, KREF financed a pool of loan participations (“Loan Participations”) from our existing loan portfolio through a managed CLO. KREF 2018-FL1 provides KREF with match-term financing on a non-mark-to-market and non-recourse basis. KREF 2018-FL1 has a two-year reinvestment feature that allows principal proceeds of the collateral assets to be reinvested in qualifying replacement assets, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. KREF did not utilize the reinvestment feature in 2018.

The following table outlines KREF 2018-FL1 collateral assets and respective borrowing as of December 31, 2018.

Collateralized Loan Obligation
 
Count
 
Face Amount
 
Carrying Value
 
Wtd. Avg.
Yield/Cost
(B)
 
Wtd. Avg. Term(C)
Collateral assets(A)
 
24
 
$
1,000,000

 
$
1,000,000

 
L + 3.5%
 
December 2022
Financing provided
 
1
 
810,000

 
800,346

 
L + 1.8%
 
June 2036

(A)
Represents 24.8% of the face amount of KREF's commercial mortgage loans as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, 100% of KREF loans financed through the CLO are floating rate loans.
(B)
Yield is based on cash coupon. Financing cost includes amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with the CLO.
(C)
Loan term represents weighted-average final maturity, assuming extension options are exercised by the borrower. Repayments of CLO notes are dependent on timing of related collateral loan asset repayments post reinvestment period. The term of the CLO notes represents the rated final distribution date.

The following table presents the KREF 2018-FL1 Assets and Liabilities included in KREF’s Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Assets
 
December 31, 2018
Cash
 
$

Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment, net
 
1,000,000

Accrued interest receivable
 
4,263

Other assets
 
1,295

Total
 
$
1,005,558

Liabilities
 
 
Collateralized loan obligation, net
 
800,346

Accrued interest payable
 
3,341

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
 
314

Total
 
$
804,001



The following table presents the components of net interest income of KREF 2018-FL1 included in KREF’s Consolidated Statement of Income:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
Net Interest Income
 
 
  Interest income
 
$
5,553

  Interest expense(A)
 
3,640

    Net interest income
 
$
1,913


(A)
Includes $0.3 million of deferred financing costs amortization for the year ended December 31, 2018. KREF's unamortized deferred financing costs related to KREF 2018-FL1 were $9.7 million as of December 31, 2018.


103


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 6. Convertible Notes, Net

In May 2018, the Company issued $143.75 million of 6.125% convertible senior notes due on May 15, 2023 (the "Convertible Notes"). The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.125% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2018. The Convertible Notes mature on May 15, 2023, unless earlier repurchased or converted. The Convertible Notes’ issuance costs of $5.1 million are amortized through interest expense over the life of the Convertible Notes.

The initial conversion rate for the Convertible Notes is 43.9386 shares of KREF’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.76 per share of KREF’s common stock, which represents a 10% conversion premium over the last reported sale price of $20.69 per share of KREF’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on May 15, 2018. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. In addition, upon a make-whole fundamental change as defined within the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. Prior to February 15, 2023, the Convertible Notes will be convertible only upon satisfaction of certain conditions and during certain periods, and thereafter, at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. KREF will satisfy any conversion elections by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of KREF’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of KREF’s common stock, at its election. KREF has the intent and ability to settle the Convertible Notes in cash and, as a result, the Convertible Notes did not have an impact on our diluted earnings per share.
Upon the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company recorded a $1.8 million discount based on the implied value of the conversion option and an assumed effective interest rate of 6.50%, as well as $5.1 million of initial issuance costs, inclusive of the $0.8 million paid to an affiliate of KREF (Note 12). Inclusive of the amortization of this discount and the issuance costs, KREF’s total cost of the May 2018 Convertible Notes issuance is 6.92% per annum.
The following table details our interest expense related to the Convertible Notes:

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
Cash coupon
 
$
5,454

Discount and issuance cost amortization
 
861

Total interest expense
 
$
6,315



The following table details the net book value of our Convertible Notes on our Consolidated Balance Sheet:
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
Face value
 
$
143,750

Deferred financing costs
 
(4,486
)
Unamortized discount
 
(1,576
)
Net book value
 
$
137,688


Accrued interest payable for the Convertible Notes was $1.1 million as of December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 2 for additional discussion of our accounting policies for the Convertible Notes.


104


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 7. Loan Participations Sold

KREF finances certain investments through the syndication of a non-recourse, or limited-recourse, loan participation to unaffiliated third parties. The following table summarizes the loan participation sold liabilities that KREF recognized since the corresponding syndications of the participations in the senior loans were not treated as sales:
 
 
December 31, 2018
Loan Participations Sold
 
Count
 
Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Yield/Cost(A)
 
Guarantee(B)
 
Term
Total loan
 
1
 
$
99,757

 
$
99,368

 
L + 3.0%
 
n.a.
 
September 2022
Senior participation(C)
 
1
 
85,880

 
85,465

 
L + 1.8%
 
n.a.
 
September 2022
 
 
December 31, 2017
Loan Participations Sold
 
Count
 
Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Yield/Cost(A)
 
Guarantee(B)
 
Term
Total loan
 
1
 
$
95,920

 
$
94,755

 
L + 3.0%
 
n.a.
 
September 2022
Senior participation(C)
 
1
 
82,000

 
81,472

 
L + 1.8%
 
n.a.
 
September 2022


(A)
Floating rate loans and related liabilities are indexed to one-month LIBOR. KREF's net interest rate exposure is in direct proportion to its interest in the net assets of the senior loan.
(B)
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the loan participation sold was subject to partial recourse of $10.0 million, which amount may be reduced to zero upon achievement of certain property performance metrics.
(C)
During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, KREF recorded $3.3 million and $0.0 million of interest income and $3.3 million and $0.0 million of interest expense, respectively, related to the loan participation KREF sold, but continue to consolidate under GAAP.












105


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 8. Variable Interest Entities

CMBS KREF beneficially owned CMBS with an unpaid principal balance and fair value of $34.9 million and $12.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. KREF beneficially owned CMBS with an unpaid principal balance and fair value of $309.2 million and $114.9 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2017.

In April 2018, KREF sold its controlling beneficial interest in four of the five CMBS trusts held for $112.7 million for a gain of $13.0 million, which is included in "Other IncomeRealized gain on sale of investments" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The initial cost basis of the CMBS trusts sold was $94.4 million and the fair value as of December 31, 2017 was $99.7 million.

KREF was required to consolidate each of the CMBS trusts acquired from the date of acquisition through the date of sale since KREF retained the controlling class and management determined KREF was the primary beneficiary of those trusts. Further, management irrevocably elected the fair value option for each of the trusts and carries the fair values of the trust's(s') assets and liabilities at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheets; recognizes changes in the trust's(s') net assets, including fair value adjustments and net interest earned, in its Consolidated Statements of Income; and records cash interest received from the trusts, net of cash interest paid to CMBS not beneficially owned by KREF, as operating cash flows.

The following table presents the KREF recognized Trust's(s') Assets and Liabilities:
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Trusts' Assets
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value(A)
$
1,092,986

 
$
5,372,811

Accrued interest receivable
4,005

 
19,740

 


 


Trusts' Liabilities
 
 
 
Variable interest entity liabilities, at fair value(B)
1,080,255

 
5,256,926

Accrued interest payable
3,818

 
18,661



(A)
Includes accrued interest receivable.
(B)
Includes accrued interest payable.


The following table presents "Other IncomeChange in net assets related to consolidated variable interest entities":

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net interest earned
$
5,152

 
$
12,470

 
12,098

Unrealized gain (loss)
(2,564
)
 
3,375

 
3,363

Change in net assets related to consolidated variable interest entities
$
2,588

 
$
15,845

 
$
15,461


See Note 13 for additional information regarding the valuation of financial assets and liabilities held by KREF's consolidated VIEs.










106


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Concentration of Credit Risk — The following tables present the geographies and property types of collateral underlying the CMBS trusts consolidated by KREF, as a percentage of the collateral unpaid principal balance and weighted by the fair value of the CMBS tranches beneficially owned by KREF's stockholders:
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Geography
 
 
 
Collateral Property Type
 
 
California
 
33.4
%
 
23.2
%
 
Retail
 
28.3
%
 
25.2
%
Texas
 
11.1

 
12.7

 
Office
 
27.4

 
26.4

New York
 
8.3

 
9.1

 
Hospitality
 
13.0

 
15.0

Missouri
 
5.4

 
4.6

 
Multifamily
 
9.9

 
10.6

Pennsylvania
 
5.1

 
4.5

 
Industrial/ Flex
 
9.6

 
9.6

Florida
 
4.2

 
5.5

 
Self Storage
 
5.7

 
3.0

Massachusetts*
 
3.6

 
1.7

 
Mixed Use
 
3.9

 
6.9

Illinois
 
2.7

 
7.1

 
Mobile Home
 
1.7

 
2.7

Georgia
 
2.6

 
2.9

 
Other
 
0.5

 
0.6

New Hampshire*
 
2.4

 
1.0

 
 
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
Delaware*
 
1.9

 
1.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
Virginia*
 
1.7

 
1.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S.
 
17.6

 
25.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 


* Presented within Other U.S. as of December 31, 2017

Collateralized Loan Obligation KREF is the primary beneficiary of a collateralized loan obligation consolidated as a VIE that closed in November 2018 (Note 5). Management considers CLO Issuers, wholly-owned subsidiaries of KREF, to be the primary beneficiary as the CLO Issuers have the ability to control the most significant activities of the CLO, the obligation to absorb losses, and the right to receive benefits of the CLO through the subordinate interests the CLO Issuers own.

Commercial Mezzanine Loan Joint VentureKREF held a 95.0% interest, and was the primary beneficiary of, a joint venture consolidated as a VIE that invested in commercial mezzanine loans (Note 3). Management considered KREF to be the primary beneficiary of the joint venture as KREF held decision-making power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the joint venture. In June 2018, KREF acquired the Mezzanine JV Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for its carrying value of $1.3 million. As of December 31, 2018, the joint venture is no longer a VIE.

Equity method investments, at fair value KREF holds two investments in entities that it records using the equity method.

As of December 31, 2018, KREF held a 3.5% interest in RECOP, an unconsolidated VIE of which KREF is not the primary beneficiary. The aggregator vehicle in which KREF invests is controlled and advised by affiliates of the Manager. RECOP intends to primarily acquire junior tranches of CMBS newly issued by third parties but may also make purchases on the secondary market. KREF will not pay any fees to RECOP, but KREF bears its pro rata share of RECOP's expenses. KREF reported its share of the net asset value of RECOP in its Consolidated Balance Sheets, presented as “Equity method investments, at fair value” and its share of net income, presented as “Income from equity method investments” in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

As of December 31, 2018, the non-voting limited liability company interests issued by the Manager, a VIE, and held by a Taxable REIT Subsidiary ("TRS") of KREF for the benefit of the holder of the SNVPS represented 4.7% of the Manager’s outstanding limited liability company interests (Note 9). KREF reported its allocable percentage of the assets and liabilities of the Manager in its Consolidated Balance Sheets, presented as “Equity method investments, at fair value” and its share of net income, presented as “Income from equity method investments” in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

107


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 9. Equity

Authorized Capital — On October 2, 2014, KREF's board of directors authorized KREF to issue up to 350,000,000 shares of stock, at $0.01 par value per share, consisting of 300,000,000 shares of common stock and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, subject to certain restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares. Restrictions placed on the transfer and ownership of shares relate to KREF's REIT qualification requirements.

Common Stock — As further described below, since December 2015, KREF issued the following shares of common stock:
Pricing Date
 
Shares Issued
 
Net Proceeds
As of December 31, 2015
 
13,636,416

 
$
272,728

February 2016
 
2,000,000

 
40,000

May 2016
 
3,000,138

 
57,130

June 2016(A)
 
21,838

 

August 2016
 
5,500,000

 
109,875

As of December 31, 2016
 
24,158,392

 
479,733

February 2017
 
7,386,208

 
147,662

April 2017
 
10,379,738

 
207,595

May 2017- Initial Public Offering
 
11,787,500

 
219,356

As of December 31, 2017
 
53,711,838

 
1,054,346

August 2018
 
5,000,000

 
98,326

November 2018
 
500,000

 
9,351

As of As of December 31, 2018
 
59,211,838

 
$
1,162,023


(A)
KREF did not receive any proceeds with respect to 21,838 shares of common stock issued to certain current and former employees of, and non-employee consultants to, KKR and third-party investors in the private placement completed in March 2016, in accordance with KREF's Stockholders Agreement dated as of March 29, 2016.

In March 2016, KREF obtained $277.4 million of capital commitments in connection with the completion of a private placement priced at $20.00 per share. Of these capital commitments, $190.1 million consisted of approximately $178.4 million from third parties and approximately $11.8 million from certain current and former employees of, and non-employee consultants to, KKR. KKR committed a total of $400.0 million and third parties committed a total of $248.0 million subsequent to the private placement completion. In connection with the completion of the private placement, KREF formed an advisory board consisting of certain third-party investors. The advisory board possessed certain protective approval rights over KREF's activities outside its ordinary course of business, including certain business combinations and equity issuances. The advisory board dissolved upon KREF's public listing on May 5, 2017.

In February 2017 and April 2017, KREF called a portion of capital from investors in the private placements closed during the year ended December 31, 2016 and issued 7,386,208 and 10,379,738 common shares, at $20.00 per share, for net proceeds of $147.7 million and $207.6 million, respectively.

In connection with the capital commitments described above, third-party investors and certain current and former employees of, and non-employee consultants to, KKR were allocated non-voting limited liability company interests of the Manager. For each $100.0 million shares of KREF’s common stock acquired by investors through the private placement, the investors were allocated non-voting limited liability company interests, representing 6.67% of the Manager’s then-outstanding total limited liability company interests. Each investor was allocated its pro rata share of the non-voting limited liability company interests of the Manager based on the investor’s shares of KREF’s common stock.

In May 2017, KREF completed its initial public offering of 11,787,500 shares of its common stock at a price to the public of $20.50 per share, which included 1,537,500 shares of common stock issued in connection with the underwriters' exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares. The value of KREF's common stock prior to its listing on the New York Stock Exchange was based upon its equity value using a combination of net asset value (market) and discounted cash flow (income) approaches.


108


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

In August 2018, KREF completed an underwritten public offering of 5,000,000 shares of its common stock at $19.90 per share, less applicable transaction costs, resulting in $98.3 million in net proceeds.

In November 2018, KREF completed an underwritten offering of 4,500,000 shares of it's common stock at $20.00 per share, consisting of 500,000 shares issued and sold by KREF and 4,000,000 shares sold by pre-initial public offering third-party investors, resulting in $9.4 million in net proceeds to KREF.

As of December 31, 2018, KKR beneficially owned 22,008,616 shares of KREF's common stock, of which 2,008,616 shares were held by KKR on behalf of a third-party investor (Note 1).

During the year ended December 31, 2018, 34,259 shares of common stock were issued related to the vesting of restricted stock units. Upon any payment of shares as a result of restricted stock unit vesting, the related tax withholding obligation will generally be satisfied by the Company, reducing the number of shares to be delivered by a number of shares necessary to satisfy the related applicable tax withholding obligation. Refer to Note 10 for further detail.

Share Repurchase Program KREF adopted a program to repurchase in the open market up to $100.0 million in shares of KREF's common stock over the 12 month period commencing in June 2017. Of this amount, a total of $50.0 million was covered by a pre-set trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (the "10b5-1 Plan"), which provided for repurchases of KREF's common stock when the market price per share of common stock was below book value per share (calculated in accordance with GAAP), with the remaining $50.0 million available at any time during the repurchase period. This program expired on June 12, 2018. In May 2018, KREF's board of directors approved a new share repurchase program, effective following the expiration of the above-described share repurchase program. The new share repurchase program permits KREF to repurchase up to $100.0 million of KREF's common stock during the period from June 13, 2018 through June 30, 2019. Of this total authorized amount, $50.0 million is covered by a new 10b5-1 Plan that currently provides for repurchases of our common stock when the market price per share of our common stock is below the lesser of (i) book value per share (calculated in accordance with GAAP as of the end of the most recent quarterly period for which financial statements are available) and (ii) $19.50 per share, and the remaining $50.0 million may be used for repurchases in the open market, or pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, or in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF repurchased 1,623,482 shares of common stock under the 10b5-1 Plans at an average price per share of $19.30 for a total of $31.3 million. As of December 31, 2018, $31.6 million remained available for repurchases under this existing 10b5-1 Plan.

Of the 59,211,838 common shares KREF issued, there were 57,596,217 common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018, which includes 34,259 shares of common stock delivered in connection with vested restricted stock units and is net of 1,649,880 common shares repurchased.





















109


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Dividends — During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, KREF's board of directors declared the following dividends on shares of its common stock and special voting preferred stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Per Share
 
Total
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
February 3, 2017
 
February 3, 2017
 
February 3, 2017
 
$
0.35

 
$
8,455

April 18, 2017
 
April 18, 2017
 
April 18, 2017
 
0.28

 
8,832

June 14, 2017
 
June 30, 2017
 
July 14, 2017
 
0.25

 
13,428

September 14, 2017
 
September 30, 2017
 
October 12, 2017
 
0.37

 
19,873

December 14, 2017
 
December 29, 2017
 
January 12, 2018
 
0.37

 
19,864

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
70,452

2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 12, 2018
 
March 29, 2018
 
April 13, 2018
 
$
0.40

 
$
21,230

May 7, 2018
 
June 29, 2018
 
July 13, 2018
 
0.43

 
22,804

September 11, 2018
 
September 28, 2018
 
October 12, 2018
 
0.43

 
24,951

December 17, 2018
 
December 28, 2018
 
January 11, 2019
 
0.43

 
24,813

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
93,798



Preferred Stock — On January 23, 2015, KREF issued 125 shares of Series A cumulative, non-voting preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share and a stated value of $1,000.00 per share ("Series A Preferred Stock") that were senior to common stock. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled to cumulative distributions of 12.5% of the stated value per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on or before June 30 and December 31 of each year, but were unable to convert Series A Preferred Stock into common stock or vote on matters brought to KREF's stockholders. In May 2017, KREF redeemed all 125 issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock for $0.1 million, representing the sum of $1,000.00 per share and all accrued and unpaid dividends.

Special Voting Preferred Stock — In March 2016, KREF issued one share of special voting preferred stock to KKR Fund Holdings L.P. ("KKR Fund Holdings") for $20.00 per share, which KKR Fund Holdings transferred to its subsidiary, KKR REFT Asset Holdings LLC. The holder of the special voting preferred stock has special voting rights related to the election of members to KREF's board of directors until KKR and its affiliates cease to own at least 25.0% of KREF's issued and outstanding common stock (of which 2,008,616 shares were held on behalf of a third-party investor). As of December 31, 2018, KKR and its affiliates beneficially owned 22,008,616 shares of KREF's common stock representing 38% of KREF’s issued and outstanding common stock.

Special Non-Voting Preferred Stock In connection with KREF's existing investors’ subscription for shares of KREF's common stock in the private placements prior to the initial public offering of KREF's equity on May 5, 2017, those investors were also allocated a class of non-voting limited liability company interest in the Manager ("Non-Voting Manager Units"). In February 2017, KREF issued an investor one share of SNVPS, at $0.01 per share, in lieu of that investor receiving Non-Voting Manager Units to facilitate compliance by the investor with regulatory requirements applicable to it. The corresponding Non-Voting Manager Units are held by a wholly-owned TRS of KREF, ("KREF TRS"). All distributions received by KREF TRS from these Non-Voting Manager Units are passed through to the investor as preferred distributions on its SNVPS, less applicable taxes and withholdings. Except for the Non-Voting Manager Units, an indirect subsidiary of KKR, ("KKR Member"), owns and controls the limited liability company interests of the Manager.

Dividends on the SNVPS are payable quarterly, and will accrue whether or not KREF has earnings, there are assets legally available for the payment of those dividends or those dividends have been declared. Any dividend payment made on the SNVPS shall first be credited against the earliest accumulated but unpaid dividend due with respect to the SNVPS. Upon redemption of the SNVPS or liquidation of KREF, the holder of the SNVPS is entitled to payment of $0.01 per share, together with any accumulated but unpaid preferred distributions, including respective call or put amounts (as defined), before any holder of junior security interests, which includes KREF's common stock. As KREF does not control the circumstances under which the holder of the SNVPS may redeem its interests, management considers the SNVPS as temporary equity (Note 2).

110


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)


KREF will redeem the SNVPS at the option of the holder. Upon redemption, KREF will pay a price in cash equal to $0.01 per share of the SNVPS, together with any accumulated but unpaid preferred distributions, including respective call or put amounts (as defined), and the SNVPS will be canceled automatically and cease to be outstanding. Concurrently, upon redemption of the SNVPS, KREF TRS will redeem its respective Non-Voting Manager Units from the KKR Member resulting in a one-time gain, thus eliminating the historical cumulative impact of the SNVPS redemption value adjustments recorded in our permanent equity.

Earnings per Share — The following table illustrates the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
$
87,293

 
$
58,818

 
$
31,141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
 
55,136,548

 
45,320,358

 
19,299,597

Dilutive restricted stock units
 
34,513

 
1,002

 

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
 
55,171,061

 
45,321,360

 
19,299,597

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, per:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic common share
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61

Diluted common share
 
$
1.58

 
$
1.30

 
$
1.61



111


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 10. Stock-based Compensation

KREF is externally managed by the Manager and does not currently have any employees. However, as of December 31, 2018, the Manager, certain individuals employed by the Manager and affiliates of the Manager, and certain members of KREF's board of directors were compensated, in part, through the issuance of stock-based awards.

As of December 31, 2018, KREF had restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards outstanding under the KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan that was adopted on February 12, 2016 and amended and restated on November 17, 2016 (the "Incentive Plan") to certain members of KREF’s board of directors and employees of the Manager or its affiliates, none of whom are KREF employees. RSUs awarded to employees of the Manager or its affiliates, generally vest over three consecutive one-year periods and awards to certain members of KREF's board of directors vest over a one-year period, pursuant to the terms of the respective award agreements and the terms of the Incentive Plan. RSU awards are not entitled to dividends until KREF issues shares of its common stock, which are issuable on a one-to-one basis upon the RSU award vesting.

The following table summarizes the activity in KREF’s outstanding RSUs and the weighted-average grant date fair value per RSU:
 
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per RSU(A)
Unvested as of December 31, 2017
 
154,878

 
$
18.61

Granted
 
361,878

 
19.03

Vested
 
(54,037
)
 
20.47

Forfeited/ cancelled
 
(3,540
)
 
20.56

Unvested as of December 31, 2018
 
459,179

 
$
19.33

(A)
The grant-date fair value is based upon the last sale price of KREF’s common stock at the date of grant.

These RSUs began to vest on April 1, 2018 for certain individuals employed by the Manager and affiliates of the Manager and each year thereafter. RSUs awarded to KREF’s board of directors generally vest annually.
KREF expects the unvested RSUs outstanding to vest during the following years:
Year
 
Restricted Stock Units
2019
 
177,194

2020
 
165,319

2021
 
116,666

Total
 
459,179


Upon adoption of ASU No. 2018-07 in June 2018, KREF recognizes the compensation cost of RSUs awarded to employees of the Manager, or one or more of its affiliates, on a straight-line basis over the awards’ term at their grant date fair value, consistent with the RSUs awarded to certain members of KREF's board of directors.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, KREF recognized $2.0 million, $0.1 million and $0.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense included in “General and administrative” expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2018, there was $7.9 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements based on the closing price of our common stock on the respective grant date and of $20.47 on June 21, 2018, the date of the adoption of ASU No. 2018-07 for grants issued to employees of the Manager during 2017. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.







112


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)



During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF delivered 34,259 shares of common stock for 54,037 vested RSUs. Upon any payment of shares as a result of restricted stock unit vesting, the related tax withholding obligation is satisfied by KREF reducing the number of shares to be delivered by a number of shares necessary to satisfy the applicable tax withholding obligation. The amount results in a cash payment related to this tax liability and a corresponding adjustment to additional paid in capital on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity. The adjustment was $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and is included as a reduction of capital related to KREF's equity incentive plan in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity.

Refer to Note 12 for additional information regarding the Incentive Plan.

113


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies

As of December 31, 2018, KREF was subject to the following commitments and contingencies:

Litigation — From time to time, KREF may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. KREF establishes an accrued liability for legal proceedings only when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable.

As of December 31, 2018, KREF was not involved in any material legal proceedings regarding claims or legal actions against KREF.

Indemnifications — In the normal course of business, KREF enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties that provide general indemnifications and other indemnities relating to contractual performance. In addition, certain of KREF’s subsidiaries have provided certain indemnities relating to environmental and other matters and has provided nonrecourse carve-out guarantees for fraud, willful misconduct and other customary wrongful acts, each in connection with the financing of certain real estate investments that KREF has made. KREF’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against KREF that have not yet occurred. However, KREF expects the risk of material loss to be low.

Capital Commitments — As of December 31, 2018, KREF had future funding requirements of $419.5 million related to its investments in commercial mortgage loans. These future funding commitments primarily relate to construction projects, capital improvements, tenant improvements and leasing commissions. Generally, funding commitments are subject to certain conditions that must be met, such as customary construction draw certifications, minimum credit metrics or executions of new leases before advances are made to the borrower.

In January 2017, KREF committed $40.0 million to invest in an aggregator vehicle alongside RECOP. As of December 31, 2018, KREF had a remaining commitment of $10.4 million to RECOP.


114


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 12. Related Party Transactions

Management Agreement — The Management Agreement between KREF and the Manager is a three-year agreement that provides for automatic one-year renewal periods starting October 8, 2017, subject to certain termination and nonrenewal rights, which in the case of KREF are exercisable by a two-thirds vote by the independent directors of KREF's board of directors. If the independent directors of KREF's board of directors decline to renew the Management Agreement other than for cause, KREF is required to pay the Manager a termination fee equal to three times the total 24-month trailing average annual management fee and incentive compensation earned by the Manager through the most recently completed calendar quarter.

Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Manager, as agent to KREF and under the supervision of KREF's board of directors, manages the investments, subject to investment guidelines approved by KREF's board of directors; financing activities; and day-to-day business and affairs of KREF and its subsidiaries.

For its services to KREF, the Manager is entitled to a quarterly management fee equal to the greater of $62,500 or 0.375% of a weighted average adjusted equity and quarterly incentive compensation equal to 20.0% of the excess of (a) the trailing 12-month adjusted earnings over (b) 7.0% of the trailing 12-month weighted average adjusted equity (“Hurdle Rate”), less incentive compensation KREF already paid to the Manager with respect to the first three calendar quarters of such trailing 12-month period. The quarterly incentive compensation is calculated and paid in arrears with a three months lag. During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF incurred $4.8 million of incentive fees to the Manager, of which $2.4 million was attributed to the gain recognized as a result of the April 2018 CMBS sale (Note 8).

Adjusted equity generally represents the proceeds received by KREF and its subsidiaries from equity issuances, without duplication and net of offering costs, and adjusted earnings, reduced by distributions, equity repurchases, and incentive compensation paid. Adjusted earnings generally represents the net income, or loss, attributable to equity interests in KREF and its subsidiaries, without duplication, as well as realized losses not otherwise included in such net income, or loss, excluding non-cash equity compensation expense, incentive compensation, depreciation and amortization and unrealized gains or losses, from and after the effective date to the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter. KREF's board of directors, after majority approval by independent directors, may also exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain material non-cash income or expense items from adjusted earnings. For purposes of calculating incentive compensation, both adjusted equity and adjusted earnings exclude the effects of equity issued by KREF and its subsidiaries that provides for fixed distributions or other debt characteristics.

KREF is also required to reimburse the Manager or its affiliates for documented costs and expenses incurred by it and its affiliates on behalf of KREF except those specifically required to be borne by the Manager under the Management Agreement. The Manager is responsible for, and KREF does not reimburse the Manager or its affiliates for, the expenses related to investment personnel of the Manager and its affiliates who provide services to KREF. However, KREF does reimburse the Manager for KREF's allocable share of compensation paid to certain of the Manager’s non-investment personnel, based on the percentage of time devoted by such personnel to KREF's affairs.

Incentive Plan KREF's compensation committee or board of directors may administer the Incentive Plan, which provides for awards of stock options; stock appreciation rights; restricted stock; RSUs; limited partnership interests of KKR Real Estate Finance Holdings L.P. (the "Operating Partnership"), a wholly owned subsidiary of KREF, that are directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable or redeemable for shares of KREF's common stock pursuant to the limited partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership (“OP Interests”); awards payable by (i) delivery of KREF's common stock or other equity interests, or (ii) reference to the value of KREF's common stock or other equity interests, including OP Interests; cash-based awards; or performance compensation awards.

No more than 7.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis, assuming the exercise of all outstanding stock options granted under the Incentive Plan and the conversion of all warrants and convertible securities into shares of common stock, or a total of 4,440,887 shares of common stock, will be available for awards under the Incentive Plan. In addition, (i) the maximum number of shares of common stock subject to awards granted during a single fiscal year to any non-employee director (as defined in the Incentive Plan), taken together with any cash fees paid to such non-employee director during the fiscal year, may not exceed $1.0 million and (ii) the maximum amount that can be paid to any participant for a single fiscal year during a performance period (or with respect to each single fiscal year if a performance period extends beyond a single fiscal year) pursuant to a performance compensation award denominated in cash will be $10.0 million.


115


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

No awards may be granted under the Incentive Plan on and after February 12, 2026. The Incentive Plan will continue to apply to awards granted prior to such date. During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF granted 361,878 RSUs to KREF's directors and employees of the Manger. During the year ended December 31, 2017, KREF granted 154,878 RSUs. As of December 31, 2018, 3,947,449 shares of common stock remained available for awards under the Incentive Plan.

Due to Affiliates — The following table contains the amounts presented in KREF's Consolidated Balance Sheets that it owes to affiliates:
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Management fees
$
4,330

 
$
3,748

Expense reimbursements and other
382

 
694

 
$
4,712

 
$
4,442


Affiliates Expenses — The following table contains the amounts included in KREF's Consolidated Statements of Income that arose from transactions with the Manager:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Management fees
$
16,346

 
$
13,492

 
$
5,934

Incentive compensation
4,756

 

 
365

Expense reimbursements and other(A)
1,184

 
1,561

 
486

 
$
22,286

 
$
15,053

 
$
6,785


(A)
KREF presents these amounts in "Operating ExpensesGeneral and administrative" in its Consolidated Statements of Income. Affiliate expense reimbursements presented in the table above exclude the out-of-pocket amounts paid by the Manager to parties unaffiliated with the Manager on behalf of KREF, and for which KREF reimburses the Manager in cash. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, these cash reimbursements totaled $2.7 million, $1.6 million, and $3.0 million, respectively.

In connection with the Term Loan Facility (Note 4), KREF is obligated to pay KKR Capital Markets ("KCM"), an affiliate of the Manager, a structuring fee equal to 0.75% of the respective committed loan advances, as defined. During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF incurred $6.0 million in structuring fees in connection with the facility. Such amount was capitalized as deferred financing cost and amortized to interest expense over the life of the facility.
In connection with the BMO Facility, and in consideration for structuring and sourcing this arrangement, KREF will pay KCM, a structuring fee equal to 0.35% of the respective committed loan advances under the agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF incurred $0.4 million in structuring fees in connection with the facility. Such amount was capitalized as deferred financing cost and amortized to interest expense over the life of the facility.

In connection with the CLO issuance, and in consideration for its services as the co-placement agent, KREF paid KCM, a $0.9 million placement agent fee equal to 0.105% of the CLO proceeds. Such amount was capitalized as deferred financing cost and amortized to interest expense over the weighted average life of the collateral assets.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF paid KCM $0.8 million in commissions in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes. Such amount is included in the $5.1 million Convertible Notes’ issuance cost and is amortized to interest expense over the life of the Convertible Notes.

In connection with the Revolver, and in consideration for structuring and sourcing this arrangement, KREF will pay KCM, a structuring fee equal to 0.75% of the aggregate amount of commitments first made available. During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF incurred $0.8 million in structuring fees in connection with the Revolver. Such amount was capitalized as deferred financing cost and amortized to interest expense over the life of the Revolver.


116


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 13. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values and fair values of KREF’s financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as other financial instruments not carried at fair value, as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Principal Balance(A)
 
Carrying Value(B)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
86,531

 
$
86,531

 
$
86,531

 
$

 
$

 
$
86,531

Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment, net(C)
 
4,026,713

 
4,001,820

 

 

 
4,007,316

 
4,007,316

Equity method investments, at fair value
 
30,734

 
30,734

 

 

 
30,734

 
30,734

Commercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value
 
1,127,926

 
1,092,986

 

 

 
1,092,986

 
1,092,986

 
 
$
5,271,904

 
$
5,212,071

 
$
86,531

 
$

 
$
5,131,036

 
$
5,217,567

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secured financing agreements, net
 
$
1,965,675

 
$
1,951,049

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,965,675

 
$
1,965,675

Collateralized loan obligation, net
 
810,000

 
800,346

 

 

 
810,000

 
810,000

Convertible notes, net
 
143,750

 
137,688

 
142,107

 

 

 
142,107

Loan participations sold, net
 
85,880

 
85,465

 

 

 
85,295

 
85,295

Variable interest entity liabilities, at fair value
 
1,092,984

 
1,080,255

 

 

 
1,080,255

 
1,080,255

 
 
$
4,098,289

 
$
4,054,803

 
$
142,107

 
$

 
$
3,941,225

 
$
4,083,332


(A)
The principal balance of commercial mortgage loans excludes premiums and unamortized discounts.
(B)
The carrying value of commercial mortgage loans is presented net of $24.9 million unamortized origination discounts and deferred nonrefundable fees. The carrying value of secured financing agreements is presented net of $14.6 million unamortized debt issuance costs. The carrying value of collateralized loan obligations is presented net of $9.7 million unamortized debt issuance costs.
(C)
Includes $1.0 billion of CLO loan participations as of December 31, 2018. Also, includes senior loans for which KREF sold a loan participation that was not treated as a sale under GAAP, with a carrying value of $85.6 million and a fair value of $85.3 million as of December 31, 2018.

The carrying values and fair values of KREF’s financial assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as other financial instruments for which fair value is disclosed, as of December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Principal Balance(A)
 
Carrying Value(B)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
103,120

 
$
103,120

 
$
103,120

 
$

 
$

 
$
103,120

Restricted cash
 
400

 
400

 
400

 

 

 
400

Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment, net(C)
 
1,901,693

 
1,888,510

 

 

 
1,894,870

 
1,894,870

Equity method investments, at fair value
 
14,390

 
14,390

 

 

 
14,390

 
14,390

Commercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value
 
5,305,976

 
5,372,811

 

 

 
5,372,811

 
5,372,811

 
 
$
7,325,579

 
$
7,379,231

 
$
103,520

 
$

 
$
7,282,071

 
$
7,385,591

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secured financing agreements, net
 
$
969,347

 
$
964,800

 
$

 
$

 
$
969,347

 
$
969,347

Loan participations sold, net
 
82,000

 
81,472

 

 

 
81,836

 
81,836

Variable interest entity liabilities, at fair value
 
4,996,817

 
5,256,926

 

 

 
5,256,926

 
5,256,926

 
 
$
6,048,164

 
$
6,303,198

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,308,109

 
$
6,308,109


(A)
The principal balance of commercial mortgage loans excludes premiums and discounts.
(B)
The carrying value of commercial mortgage loans is presented net of $13.2 million origination discounts and deferred nonrefundable fees. The carrying value of secured financing agreements is presented net of $4.5 million unamortized debt issuance costs.
(C)
Includes senior loans for which KREF sold a loan participation that was not treated as a sale under GAAP, with a carrying value of $81.5 million and a fair value of $81.8 million as of December 31, 2017.

117


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)


KREF reported the following financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as of December 31, 2018. The following table summarizes the changes in these assets and liabilities.
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Commercial Mortgage Loans Held in Variable Interest Entities, at Fair Value
 
Variable Interest Entity Liabilities, at Fair Value
 
Net
Balance as of December 31, 2016
 
$
5,426,084

 
$
5,313,574

 
$
112,510

Gains (losses) included in net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) included in change in net assets related to CMBS consolidated VIEs
 
(7,567
)
 
(10,942
)
 
3,375

Purchases and repayments
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repayments
 
(45,562
)
 
(45,562
)
 

Other(A)
 
(144
)
 
(144
)
 

Balance as of December 31, 2017
 
$
5,372,811

 
$
5,256,926

 
$
115,885

Gains (losses) included in net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gain (loss)
 
13,000

 

 
13,000

Unrealized gain (loss) included in change in net assets related to CMBS consolidated VIEs
 
(98,990
)
 
(96,426
)
 
(2,564
)
Purchases and sales/repayments
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales/Repayments/Deconsolidation
 
(4,178,118
)
 
(4,065,371
)
 
(112,747
)
Other(A)
 
(15,717
)
 
(14,874
)
 
(843
)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
$
1,092,986

 
$
1,080,255

 
$
12,731


(A)
Amounts primarily consist of changes in accrued interest.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, KREF contributed $33.6 million, received distributions of $19.8 million and recognized income of $0.4 million related to its investment in RECOP. During the year ended December 31, 2018, KREF contributed $15.6 million, received distributions of $1.7 million and recognized income of $2.3 million related to its investment in RECOP.

The following table contains the Level 3 inputs used to value assets and liabilities on a recurring and nonrecurring basis or where KREF discloses fair value as of December 31, 2018:
 
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation Methodologies
 
Unobservable Inputs(A)
 
Weighted Average(B)
 
Range
Assets(C)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment, net
 
$
4,007,316

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Loan-to-value ratio
 
60.3%
 
46.6% - 82.8%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
 
7.3%
 
2.9% - 13.9%
Commercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value(D)
 
1,092,986

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Yield
 
8.5%
 
2.8% - 39.6%
 
 
$
5,100,302

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secured financing agreements, net
 
$
1,965,675

 
Market comparable
 
Credit spread
 
1.7%
 
1.4% - 2.5%
Collateralized loan obligation, net(E)
 
810,000

 
Market comparable
 
Credit spread
 
n.a
 
n.a
Loan participations sold, net
 
85,295

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Loan-to-value ratio
 
54.1%
 
54.1% - 54.1%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
 
3.9%
 
2.9% - 4.9%
Variable interest entity liabilities, at fair value
 
1,080,255

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Yield
 
6.5%
 
2.8% - 16.5%
 
 
$
3,941,225

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(A)
An increase (decrease) in the valuation input results in a decrease (increase) in value.
(B)
Represents the average of the input value, weighted by the unpaid principal balance of the financial instrument.

118


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

(C)
KREF carries a $30.5 million investment in an aggregator vehicle alongside RECOP (Note 7) at its pro rata share of the aggregator's net asset value, which management believes approximates fair value.
(D)
Management measures the fair value of "Commercial mortgage loans held in variable interest entities, at fair value" using the fair value of the CMBS trust liabilities. The Level 3 inputs presented in the table above reflect the inputs used to value the CMBS trust liabilities, including the CMBS beneficially owned by KREF stockholders eliminated in consolidation of the CMBS trusts.
(E)
The principal balance of the collateralized loan obligation approximates its fair value as current borrowing spreads reflect market terms.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment, are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. For commercial mortgage loans held-for-sale, KREF applies the lower of cost or fair value accounting and may be required, from time to time, to record a nonrecurring fair value adjustment. For commercial mortgage loans held-for-investment and preferred interest in joint venture held-to-maturity, KREF applies the amortized cost method of accounting, but may be required, from time to time, to record a nonrecurring fair value adjustment in the form of a valuation provision or impairment. KREF did not report any significant financial assets or liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Assets and Liabilities for Which Fair Value is Only Disclosed

KREF does not carry its secured financing agreements or its CLO at fair value as management did not elect the fair value option for these liabilities. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of KREF's floating rate repurchase facilities and CLO approximated their respective outstanding principal balances.


Note 14. Income Taxes

KREF has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2014. A REIT is generally not subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on that portion of its income that is distributed to stockholders if it distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. A REIT will also be subject to a nondeductible excise tax to the extent certain percentages of its taxable income are not distributed within specified dates. KREF expects to distribute 100% of its net taxable income for the foreseeable future, while retaining sufficient capital to support its ongoing needs.

KREF consolidates subsidiaries that incur U.S. federal, state and local income taxes, based on the tax jurisdiction in which each subsidiary operates. During each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, KREF recorded a current income tax benefit/provision of $(0.1) million, $1.1 million, and $0.4 million, respectively, related to operations of its taxable REIT subsidiaries and various other state and local taxes. There were no deferred tax assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2018, tax years 2015 through 2018 remain subject to examination by taxing authorities.
Common stock distributions were taxable as follows:
Year
 
Ordinary Dividends
 
Qualified Dividends
 
Long Term Capital Gain
 
Return of Capital
2018
 
87.8
%
 
0.6
%
 
11.7
%
 
%
2017
 
100.0

 

 

 

2016
 
100.0

 

 

 





119


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 15. Subsequent Events

The following events occurred subsequent to December 31, 2018:

Investing Activities

KREF originated the following senior loan:
Description/ Location
 
Property Type
 
Month Originated
 
Maximum Face Amount
 
Initial Face Amount Funded
 
Interest Rate(A)
 
Maturity Date(B)
 
LTV
Brooklyn, NY
 
Hospitality
 
January 2019
 
$
76,000

 
$
76,000

 
L + 2.9%
 
February 2024
 
69%

(A)
Floating rate based on one-month USD LIBOR.
(B)
Maturity date assumes all extension options are exercised, if applicable.

Funding of Previously Closed Loans

KREF funded approximately $28.4 million for previously closed loans.

Loan Repayments

KREF received approximately $297.8 million from loan repayments.

Financing Activities

KREF borrowed $60.0 million and repaid $75.7 million under the BMO Facility and its master repurchase facilities, respectively.

Corporate Activities

Dividends

In January 2019, KREF paid $24.8 million in dividends on its common and special voting preferred stock, or $0.43 per share, with respect to the fourth quarter of 2018, to stockholders of record on December 28, 2018.

Share Buyback

KREF repurchased 212,809 shares of its common stock for a total of $4.1 million, net of commissions, at a weighted average price per share of $19.25.



120


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 16. Summary Quarterly Consolidated Financial Information (Unaudited)
The following tables summarize KREF's quarterly financial data which, in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of KREF's results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
2018
 
Quarter Ended
 
Year Ended
 
March 31
 
June 30
 
September 30
 
December 31
 
December 31, 2018
Net Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
31,694

 
$
40,363

 
$
51,895

 
$
59,623

 
$
183,575

Interest expense
10,690

 
18,798

 
23,337

 
32,192

 
85,017

Total net interest income
21,004

 
21,565

 
28,558

 
27,431

 
98,558

Other Income (Loss)
9,198

 
7,983

 
1,602

 
1,310

 
20,093

Operating Expenses
6,602

 
5,599

 
9,103

 
7,610

 
28,914

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interests and Preferred Dividends
23,600

 
23,949

 
21,057

 
21,131

 
89,737

Income tax expense (benefit)
175

 
(33
)
 
85

 
(297
)
 
(70
)
Net Income (Loss)
23,425

 
23,982

 
20,972

 
21,428

 
89,807

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
34

 
29

 

 

 
63

Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture

 

 

 

 

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries
23,391

 
23,953

 
20,972

 
21,428

 
89,744

Preferred Stock Dividends and Redemption Value Adjustment
111

 
470

 
151

 
1,719

 
2,451

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders
$
23,280

 
$
23,483

 
$
20,821

 
$
19,709

 
$
87,293

Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock, basic and diluted
$
0.44

 
$
0.44

 
$
0.37

 
$
0.34

 
$
1.58

Weighted Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Basic
53,337,915

 
53,064,585

 
55,903,126

 
58,178,944

 
55,136,548

    Diluted
53,378,467

 
53,069,866

 
55,921,655

 
58,253,821

 
55,171,061



121


KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
2017
 
Quarter Ended
 
Year Ended
December 31, 2017
 
March 31
 
June 30
 
September 30
 
December 31
 
Net Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
12,906

 
$
17,446

 
$
24,408

 
$
28,385

 
$
83,145

Interest expense
3,953

 
3,225

 
5,414

 
8,632

 
21,224

Total net interest income
8,953

 
14,221

 
18,994

 
19,753

 
61,921

Other Income (Loss)
4,790

 
4,780

 
4,317

 
3,801

 
17,688

Operating Expenses
2,988

 
4,451

 
5,328

 
5,661

 
18,428

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interests and Preferred Dividends
10,755

 
14,550

 
17,983

 
17,893

 
61,181

Income tax expense
122

 
146

 
120

 
714

 
1,102

Net Income (Loss)
10,633

 
14,404

 
17,863

 
17,179

 
60,079

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
46

 
34

 
54

 
82

 
216

Noncontrolling Interests in Income (Loss) of Consolidated Joint Venture
210

 
214

 
377

 

 
801

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and Subsidiaries
10,377

 
14,156

 
17,432

 
17,097

 
59,062

Preferred Stock Dividends
13

 
75

 
93

 
63

 
244

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders
$
10,364

 
$
14,081

 
$
17,339

 
$
17,034

 
$
58,818

Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock, basic and diluted
$
0.39

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.32

 
$
0.32

 
$
1.30

Weighted Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Basic
26,879,428

 
46,632,975

 
53,696,967

 
53,685,440

 
45,320,358

    Diluted
26,879,428

 
46,633,248

 
53,697,041

 
53,688,027

 
45,321,360



122


Schedule IV - Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
December 31, 2018
(dollars in millions)
Description/Location
 
Prior Liens(A)
 
Face Amount
 
Carrying Amount
 
Interest Rate(B)
 
Payment Terms(C)
 
Maturity Date(D)
Senior Loans(E)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior Loan 1, Atlanta, GA / Tampa, FL
 
N/A
 
$
335.5

 
$
333.5

 
   L + 3.2%
 
I/O
 
8/7/2023
Senior Loan 2, Queens, NY
 
N/A
 
255.2

 
252.9

 
L + 3.3
 
I/O
 
6/7/2023
Senior Loan 3, Boston, MA
 
N/A
 
195.4

 
194.1

 
L + 2.4
 
I/O
 
6/7/2023
Senior Loan 4, New York, NY
 
N/A
 
182.2

 
179.9

 
L + 3.6
 
I/O
 
1/7/2024
Senior Loan 5, New York, NY
 
N/A
 
170.7

 
170.4

 
L + 4.8
 
I/O
 
8/5/2020
Senior Loan 6, Seattle, WA
 
N/A
 
162.1

 
160.6

 
L + 3.7
 
I/O
 
10/7/2023
Senior Loan 7, San Diego, CA
 
N/A
 
159.5

 
159.1

 
L + 4.2
 
I/O
 
10/5/2021
Senior Loan 8, Minneapolis, MN
 
N/A
 
159.2

 
158.4

 
L + 3.8
 
I/O
 
12/5/2022
Senior Loan 9, New York, NY
 
N/A
 
148.0

 
146.4

 
L + 2.6
 
I/O
 
12/7/2023
Senior Loan 10, North Bergen, NJ
 
N/A
 
147.8

 
147.2

 
L + 4.3
 
I/O
 
11/5/2022
Senior Loan 11, Philadelphia, PA
 
N/A
 
143.1

 
141.9

 
L + 2.5
 
I/O
 
7/7/2023
Senior Loan 12, Irvine, CA
 
N/A
 
140.8

 
140.6

 
L + 3.9
 
I/O
 
5/5/2022
Senior Loan 13, Fort Lauderdale, FL
 
N/A
 
140.0

 
139.3

 
L + 2.9
 
I/O
 
12/7/2023
Senior Loan 14, Portland, OR
 
N/A
 
125.0

 
124.4

 
L + 5.5
 
I/O
 
11/5/2020
Senior Loan 15, West Palm Beach, FL
 
N/A
 
122.0

 
120.7

 
L + 2.9
 
I/O
 
11/7/2023
Senior Loan 16, Brooklyn, NY
 
N/A
 
116.5

 
115.7

 
L + 4.4
 
I/O
 
4/5/2022
Senior Loan 17, Crystal City, VA
 
N/A
 
96.8

 
96.5

 
L + 4.5
 
I/O
 
10/5/2021
Senior Loan 18, Seattle, WA
 
N/A
 
93.0

 
92.6

 
L + 2.6
 
I/O
 
9/7/2023
Senior Loan 19, Westbury, NY
 
N/A
 
87.1

 
86.8

 
L + 3.1
 
I/O
 
4/7/2023
Senior Loan 20, New York, NY
 
N/A
 
86.0

 
85.5

 
L + 2.6
 
I/O
 
4/7/2023
Senior Loan 21, Atlanta, GA
 
N/A
 
85.9

 
85.6

 
L + 1.8
 
I/O
 
9/5/2022
Senior Loan 22, San Diego, CA
 
N/A
 
81.8

 
80.9

 
L + 3.2
 
I/O
 
12/7/2023
Senior Loan 23, Denver, CO
 
N/A
 
81.0

 
80.6

 
L + 4.0
 
I/O
 
8/5/2022
Senior Loan 24, Seattle, WA
 
N/A
 
80.7

 
80.2

 
L + 3.6
 
I/O
 
4/7/2023
Senior Loan 25, Philadelphia, PA
 
N/A
 
77.0

 
76.3

 
L + 2.7
 
I/O
 
11/7/2023
Senior Loan 26, New York, NY
 
N/A
 
73.2

 
73.0

 
L + 4.4
 
I/O
 
11/5/2021
Senior Loan 27, Orlando, FL
 
N/A
 
71.1

 
70.9

 
L + 2.8
 
I/O
 
4/7/2023
Senior Loan 28, St Paul, MN
 
N/A
 
70.3

 
69.9

 
L + 3.6
 
I/O
 
2/5/2023
Senior Loan 29, Atlanta, GA
 
N/A
 
69.3

 
68.8

 
L + 2.7
 
I/O
 
8/7/2023
Senior Loan 30, Queens, NY
 
N/A
 
62.3

 
62.0

 
L + 3.7
 
I/O
 
8/5/2022
Senior Loan 31, Atlanta, GA
 
N/A
 
56.3

 
56.2

 
L + 4.0
 
I/O
 
6/2/2022
Senior Loan 32, Nashville, TN
 
N/A
 
53.9

 
53.5

 
L + 4.3
 
36 mo I/O / 360 mo amort
 
1/5/2022
Senior Loan 33, Queens, NY
 
N/A
 
42.0

 
41.8

 
L + 2.8
 
I/O
 
11/7/2023
Mezzanine Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine Loan 1, Denver, CO
 
N/A
 
15.8

 
15.7

 
L + 10.8
 
I/O
 
3/5/2022
Mezzanine Loan 2, Atlanta, GA
 
N/A
 
13.9

 
13.8

 
L + 10.7
 
I/O
 
9/5/2022
Mezzanine Loan 3, Santa Monica, CA
 
N/A
 
5.6

 
5.6

 
10.5
 
I/O
 
12/6/2025
Mezzanine Loan 4, Various
 
N/A
 
5.5

 
5.5

 
11.0
 
I/O
 
7/6/2025
Mezzanine Loan 5, Ann Arbor, MI
 
N/A
 
4.3

 
4.3

 
12.0
 
I/O
 
7/6/2025
Mezzanine Loan 6, Boca Raton, FL
 
N/A
 
4.0

 
4.0

 
10.0
 
I/O
 
12/1/2024
Mezzanine Loan 7, Fort Lauderdale, FL
 
N/A
 
4.0

 
4.0

 
10.0
 
I/O
 
12/1/2024
Mezzanine Loan 8, Bryan, TX
 
N/A
 
2.9

 
2.9

 
10.0
 
I/O
 
3/1/2025

(A)
Represents third-party priority liens. Third-party portions of pari-passu participations are not considered priority liens. Additionally, excludes the outstanding debt on third-party joint ventures of underlying borrowers.
(B)
L = one-month LIBOR rate.
(C)
I/O = interest only until final maturity unless otherwise noted
(D)
Maturity date assumes all extension options are exercised, if applicable.
(E)
Includes senior loans and pari passu participations in senior loans. May include accommodation mezzanine loans in connection with the senior mortgage financing

For the activity within our loan portfolio during the year ended December 31, 2018, refer to Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements.

123


ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurances of achieving the desired controls.
As of December 31, 2018, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of KREF, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements in our consolidated financial statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of KREF’s registered accounting firm due to a transition period established by the rules of the SEC for “emerging growth companies.”
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act) occurred during our most recent quarter, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

124


PART III.

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics (the “Code of Conduct”) that applies to all of our directors, employees (if any) and the officers and employees of our Manager and its affiliates who provide services to us, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Conduct, as it relates to employees of KKR, operates in conjunction with, and in addition to, any applicable policies of KKR.

Our Code of Conduct is available the Investor Relations section of our website at www.kkrreit.com. We intend to make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our Code of Conduct on our website rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.

The remaining information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

PART IV.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)    The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

1.    Financial Statements

See Item 8 above.

2.    Financial Statement Schedules:
    
See Schedule IV — Mortgage Loans on Real Estate as of December 31, 2018 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

3.    Exhibits:


125

Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
 
 
 
 
3.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.1
 

 
 
 
 
 
4.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.9
 
 
 
 
 

126

Table of Contents

 
10.10
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.11
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.12
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.13
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.14
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.15
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.16
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.17
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.18
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.19
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.20
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.21
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.22
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.23
 
 
 
 
 

127

Table of Contents

 
10.24†
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.25†
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.26†
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.27†
 
 
 
 
 
 
21.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
 
 
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
 
 
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
                                    
† Management contract or compensatory plan in which directors and/or executive officers are eligible to participate.
Certain agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K contain representations and warranties that the parties thereto made to each other. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to such agreements and may have been qualified by certain information that has been disclosed to the other parties to such agreements and other documents and that may not be reflected in such agreements and other documents. In addition, these representations and warranties may be intended as a way of allocating risks among parties if the

128

Table of Contents

statements contained therein prove to be incorrect, rather than as actual statements of fact. Accordingly, there can be no reliance on any such representations and warranties as characterizations of the actual state of facts. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of any such representations and warranties may have changed since the date of such agreements and other documents.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

129


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
KKR REAL ESTATE FINANCE TRUST INC.
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Christen E.J. Lee
 
 
 
Name:    Christen E.J. Lee
 
 
 
Title:    Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-President
 
 
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Matthew A. Salem
 
 
 
Name:    Matthew A. Salem
 
 
 
Title:    Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-President
 
 
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated below and on the dates indicated below.
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Christen E.J. Lee
 
 
 
Name:    Christen E.J. Lee
 
 
 
Title:    Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-President
 
 
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Matthew A. Salem
 
 
 
Name:    Matthew A. Salem
 
 
 
Title:    Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-President
 
 
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Mostafa Nagaty
 
 
 
Name:    Mostafa Nagaty
 
 
 
Title:    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 
 
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Ralph F. Rosenberg
 
 
 
Name:    Ralph F. Rosenberg
 
 
 
Title:    Director
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Todd A. Fisher
 
 
 
Name:    Todd A. Fisher
 
 
 
Title:    Director
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Terrence R. Ahern
 
 
 
Name:    Terrence R. Ahern
 
 
 
Title:    Director
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Jonathan A. Langer
 
 
 
Name:    Jonathan A. Langer
 
 
 
Title:    Director
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ R. Craig Blanchard
 
 
 
Name:    R. Craig Blanchard
 
 
 
Title:    Director
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Deborah H. McAneny
 
 
 
Name:    Deborah H. McAneny
 
 
 
Title:    Director
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Irene M. Esteves
 
 
 
Name:    Irene M. Esteves
 
 
 
Title:    Director
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 20, 2019
By:
/s/ Paula Madoff
 
 
 
Name: Paula Madoff
 
 
 
Title:    Director

130
Exhibit 10.7
EXECUTION VERSION


LOAN AND SERVICING AGREEMENT

among


KREF HOLDINGS VII LLC,
as Holdings,


KREF LENDING VII LLC,
as the Borrower,


PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
as the Collateral Custodian,


MIDLAND LOAN SERVICES, A DIVISION OF PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent,


THE INITIAL LENDER, and

The other Lenders from time to time party hereto


KKR CAPITAL MARKETS LLC,
as the Sole Arranger,


Dated as of April 11, 2018



TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS1
Section 1.01Certain Defined Terms    1
Section 1.02Other Terms    22
Section 1.03Computation of Time Periods    22
Section 1.04Interpretation    22
Section 1.05Advances to Constitute Loans.    23
ARTICLE II. THE FACILITY23
Section 2.01Term Loan Notes and Advances    23
Section 2.02Procedure for Advances    24
Section 2.03Repayment, Prepayment and Interest.    25
Section 2.04Continuation of Advances    26
Section 2.05Remittance Procedures    26
Section 2.06Instructions to the Account Bank    29
Section 2.07Sale of Loan Assets; Affiliate Transactions    30
Section 2.08Payments and Computations, Etc.    31
Section 2.09Taxes    31
Section 2.10Grant of a Security Interest    34
Section 2.11Evidence of Debt    35
Section 2.12Release of Loan Assets    35
Section 2.13Treatment of Amounts Deposited in the Collection Account    36
Section 2.14Mandatory and Voluntary Prepayments; Termination    36
Section 2.15Collections and Allocations    36
Section 2.16Extension of Scheduled Maturity Date    38
Section 2.17Increased Costs    38
ARTICLE III. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT39
Section 3.01Conditions Precedent to Effectiveness    39
Section 3.02Conditions Precedent to the Initial Advance and All Advances    40
Section 3.03Advances Do Not Constitute a Waiver    41
Section 3.04Conditions to Transfers of Loan Assets    41
ARTICLE IV. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES42
Section 4.01Representations and Warranties of the Borrower    42
Section 4.02Representations and Warranties of the Borrower Relating to the Agreement and the Collateral Portfolio    47
Section 4.03Representations and Warranties of the Servicer    48
Section 4.04Representations and Warranties of each Lender    49
Section 4.05Representations and Warranties of the Collateral Custodian    50
Section 4.06Representations and Warranties of Holdings    51
ARTICLE V. GENERAL COVENANTS54
Section 5.01Affirmative Covenants of the Borrower    54
Section 5.02Negative Covenants of the Borrower    58
Section 5.03Affirmative Covenants of the Servicer    60
Section 5.04Negative Covenants of the Servicer    60
Section 5.05Affirmative Covenants of the Collateral Custodian    60
Section 5.06Negative Covenants of the Collateral Custodian    61
Section 5.07Affirmative Covenants of Holdings    61
Section 5.08Negative Covenants of Holdings    62
ARTICLE VI. ADMINISTRATION AND SERVICING OF COLLATERAL PORTFOLIO62
Section 6.01Appointment and Designation of the Servicer    62
Section 6.02Duties of the Servicer    64
Section 6.03Authorization of the Servicer    67
Section 6.04Collection of Payments; Accounts    68
Section 6.05Realization Upon Loan Assets    69
Section 6.06Servicing Compensation    70
Section 6.07Payment of Certain Expenses by Servicer    70
Section 6.08Reports to the Administrative Agent Account Statements; Servicing Information    71
Section 6.09The Servicer Not to Resign    72
Section 6.10Indemnification of the Servicer    72
Section 6.11Indemnification of the Account Bank.    73
ARTICLE VII. EVENTS OF DEFAULT73
Section 7.01Events of Default    73
Section 7.02Pledged Equity    75
Section 7.03Additional Remedies.    76
ARTICLE VIII. INDEMNIFICATION77
Section 8.01Indemnities by the Borrower    77
Section 8.02Legal Proceedings    78
ARTICLE IX. THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT79
Section 9.01The Administrative Agent    79
Section 9.02Collateral Matters.    84
Section 9.03Performance Conditions.    84
Section 9.04Post-Closing Performance Conditions.    86
ARTICLE X. [RESERVED]86
ARTICLE XI. MISCELLANEOUS86
Section 11.01Amendments and Waivers    86
Section 11.02Notices, Etc.    87
Section 11.03No Waiver Remedies    88
Section 11.04Binding Effect; Assignability; Multiple Lenders    88
Section 11.05Term of This Agreement    89
Section 11.06GOVERNING LAW; JURY WAIVER    89
Section 11.07Costs, Expenses and Taxes    89
Section 11.08Recourse Against Certain Parties    90
Section 11.09Execution in Counterparts; Severability; Integration    91
Section 11.10Consent to Jurisdiction; Service of Process    91
Section 11.11Confidentiality    92
Section 11.12Non-Confidentiality of Tax Treatment    93
Section 11.13Waiver of Set Off    93
Section 11.14Headings and Exhibits    94
Section 11.15Ratable Payments    94
SECTION 11.16
Failure of Borrower to Perform Certain Obligations    94
Section 11.17Power of Attorney    94
Section 11.18Delivery of Termination Statements, Releases, etc    94
Section 11.19Arranger.    94
ARTICLE XII. COLLATERAL CUSTODIAN95
Section 12.01Designation of Collateral Custodian    95
Section 12.02Duties of Collateral Custodian    95
Section 12.03Merger or Consolidation    97
Section 12.04Collateral Custodian Compensation    98
Section 12.05Collateral Custodian Removal    98
Section 12.06Limitation on Liability    99
Section 12.07Collateral Custodian Resignation    100
Section 12.08Release of Documents    100
Section 12.09Return of Required Loan Documents    101
Section 12.10Access to Certain Documentation and Information Regarding the Collateral Portfolio; Audits of Servicer    101
Section 12.11Bailment    101
Section 12.12Indemnification of the Collateral Custodian    102


LIST OF SCHEDULES AND EXHIBITS

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE I
Conditions Precedent Documents

EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT A
Form of Term Loan Series Notice
EXHIBIT B
Form of Borrowing Base Certificate
EXHIBIT C
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT D
Form of Notice of Borrowing
EXHIBIT E
Form of Notice of Reduction (Reduction of Advances Outstanding)
EXHIBIT F
Form of Term Loan Note
EXHIBIT G
Form of Power of Attorney
EXHIBIT H
Form of Servicing Report
EXHIBIT I
Form of Release of Required Loan Documents
EXHIBIT J
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT K
Form of Advance Request
EXHIBIT L
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT M
Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate

LOAN AND SERVICING AGREEMENT, dated as of April 11, 2018, by and among:
(1)KREF HOLDINGS VII LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (together with its successors and assigns in such capacity, “Holdings”);
(2)KREF LENDING VII LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (together with its successors and assigns in such capacity, the “Borrower”);
(3)MIDLAND LOAN SERVICES, A DIVISION OF PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association, as the Servicer (as defined herein) and as the Administrative Agent (as defined herein);
(4)PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association, as the Collateral Custodian (as defined herein);
(5)THE INITIAL LENDER and each of the other LENDERS from time to time party hereto, as a Lender (as defined herein); and
(6)KKR CAPITAL MARKETS LLC, as the arranger of the facility provided hereunder (in such capacity, the “Arranger”).
The Lenders have agreed, on the terms and conditions set forth herein, to provide a secured term loan facility which shall provide for Advances under the Term Loan Series from time to time in the amounts and in accordance with the terms set forth herein.
The proceeds of the Advances will be used to finance the origination and acquisition of and investment by the Borrower in Eligible Loan Assets.
Accordingly, the parties agree as follows:
ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.01    Certain Defined Terms.
(a)    As used in this Agreement and the exhibits and schedules thereto (each of which is hereby incorporated herein and made a part hereof), the following terms shall have the following meanings (such meanings to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined):
1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Account Bank” means PNC Bank, National Association, in its capacity as the “Account Bank” pursuant to the Collection Account Agreement, or each other Person acting in the capacity as the “Account Bank” or such other similar term or capacity pursuant to any agreement replacing or substituting for the Collection Account Agreement.
Action” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 8.02.
Additional Amount” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.09(a).
Administrative Agent” means Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, in its capacity as administrative agent for the Lenders, together with its successors and permitted assigns, including any successor appointed pursuant to Article X.
Administrative Agent Expenses” means the expenses set forth in the Agent Fee Letter and any other accrued and unpaid expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses) and indemnity amounts, in each case payable to the Administrative Agent under the Transaction Documents.
Administrative Agent Fees” means the fees set forth in the Agent Fee Letter that are payable to the Administrative Agent, as such fee letter may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, in each case payable to the Administrative Agent under the Transaction Documents.
Advance” means with respect to any Term Loan Series, each loan advanced by the Lenders to the Borrower on an Advance Date pursuant to Article II.
Advance Date” means, with respect to any Advance under any Term Loan Series, the Business Day occurring during the applicable Availability Period on which such Advance is made.
Advance Rate” means, with respect to any Loan Asset included (or to be included) in the calculation of the Borrowing Base with respect to any Term Loan Series, the percentage determined for the property type of such Loan Asset determined on the applicable Advance Date in accordance with Schedule I to the Letter Agreement.
Advances Outstanding” means, at any time, with respect to any Term Loan Series, the sum of the outstanding principal amounts of Advances loaned to the Borrower under such Term Loan Series for the initial and any subsequent borrowings pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.02 as of such time.
Affiliate” when used with respect to a Person, means any other Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person.
Agent Fee Letter” means the Fee Letter, dated as of April 11, 2018, among the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Custodian, the Servicer, the Account Bank and the Borrower, as such letter may be amended, modified, supplemented, restated or replaced from time to time.
Aggregate Outstanding Underlying Adjusted Loan Balance” means, with respect to any Term Loan Series, the aggregate Outstanding Underlying Adjusted Loan Balances of all Eligible Loan Assets included (or to be included) in the calculation of the Borrowing Base with respect to such Term Loan Series.
Agreement” means this Loan and Servicing Agreement, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time hereafter.
Anti-Money Laundering Law” means any requirement of Applicable Law relating to economic sanctions, terrorism, money laundering and bank secrecy, including but not limited to sanctions, prohibitions or requirements imposed by any executive order or by any sanctions program administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), the U.S. Department of State, Executive Order 13224 issued on September 24, 2001 and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (“USA PATRIOT Act”).
Anti-Terrorism Laws” means any Applicable Laws relating to terrorism, trade sanctions programs and embargoes, import/export licensing, money laundering or bribery, and any regulation, order, or directive promulgated, issued or enforced pursuant to such applicable Laws, all as amended, supplemented or replaced from time to time.
Applicable Law” means for any Person all existing and future laws, rules, regulations (including temporary and final income tax regulations), statutes, treaties, codes, ordinances, permits, certificates, orders, licenses of and interpretations by any Governmental Authority applicable to such Person and applicable judgments, decrees, injunctions, writs, awards or orders of any court, arbitrator or other administrative, judicial, or quasi-judicial tribunal or agency of competent jurisdiction.
Applicable Spread” means, with respect to any Term Loan Series, the rate per annum set forth on Annex A to the Letter Agreement for such Term Loan Series, as such annex may be amended or otherwise modified from time to time by mutual agreement of the Borrower and the Lenders.
Appraised Value” means the value assigned to the Outstanding Principal Balance of such Loan Asset by an appraiser to be selected by the Borrower; provided that if the Lenders believe that the appraisal does not reflect the value of the Loan Asset(s) subject to the appraisal then the Lenders may select a new appraiser with the consent of the Borrower and such appraiser’s valuation shall be conclusive and binding on all parties.
Arranger” has the meaning assigned to that term in the preamble hereto.
Assignment and Assumption Agreement” means an agreement among the Borrower (if required under Section 11.04), a Lender, the Administrative Agent and, unless executed in connection with an assignment under Section 11.04, the Majority Lenders in a form customarily provided by the LSTA and delivered in connection with a Person becoming a Lender hereunder after the Closing Date.
Availability Period” means, with respect to any Term Loan Series, the date commencing on the applicable Issuance Date and ending on the applicable Commitment Termination Date.
Available Collections” means all cash Collections and other cash proceeds with respect to any Loan Asset deposited in the Collection Account, and all other amounts on deposit in the Collection Account from time to time.
Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11, United States Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq., as amended from time to time.
Bankruptcy Event” is deemed to have occurred with respect to a Person if either:
(i)     a case or other proceeding shall be commenced, without the application or consent of such Person, in any court, seeking the liquidation, reorganization, debt arrangement, dissolution, winding up, or composition or readjustment of debts of such Person, the appointment of a trustee, receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, sequestrator or the like for such Person or all or substantially all of its assets, or any similar action with respect to such Person under the Bankruptcy Laws, and such case or proceeding shall continue undismissed, or unstayed and in effect, for a period of 10 consecutive days; or an order for relief in respect of such Person shall be entered in an involuntary case under the federal bankruptcy laws or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect; or
(ii)     such Person shall commence a voluntary case or other proceeding under any Bankruptcy Laws now or hereafter in effect, or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) for such Person or all or substantially all of its assets under the Bankruptcy Laws, or shall make any general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail to, or admit in writing its inability to, pay its debts generally as they become due, or, if a corporation or similar entity, its board of directors or members shall vote to implement any of the foregoing.
Bankruptcy Laws” means the Bankruptcy Code and all other applicable liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, suspension of payments, or similar debtor relief laws from time to time in effect affecting the rights of creditors generally.
Borrower” has the meaning assigned to that term in the preamble hereto.
Borrower AML Default” means, with respect to the Borrower, any one of the following events: (i) any representation or warranty contained Section 4.01(bb) is or becomes false or misleading at any time or (ii) the Borrower fails to comply with the covenant contained in Section 9.04(c)(1) at any time.
Borrower Covered Entity” means each of (a) the Borrower and its subsidiaries, any guarantors and/or pledgors of collateral under this Agreement or any transaction document relating to the Loan Assets, and (b) each Person that, directly or indirectly, is in control of a Person described in clause (a) above. For purposes of this definition, control of a Person shall mean the direct or indirect (x) ownership of, or power to vote, 25% or more of the issued and outstanding equity interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors of such Person or other Persons performing similar functions for such Person, or (y) power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person whether by ownership of equity interests, contract or otherwise.
Borrowing Base” means, as of any date of determination with respect to any Term Loan Series, an amount equal to the sum of the Aggregate Outstanding Underlying Adjusted Loan Balance as of such date relating to such Term Loan Series.
Borrowing Base Certificate” means a certificate setting forth the calculation of the Borrowing Base as of the applicable date of determination substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, prepared by the Borrower.
Breakage Fees” means (i) for Advances which are repaid (in whole or in part) on any date other than a Payment Date, or (ii) for the rescission by the Borrower of any request for a proposed Advance, the actual loss, cost and expense attributable to such repayment or rescission, based upon the assumption that each Lender funded its Advances in the London Interbank Eurodollar market and using any reasonable attribution or averaging methods which such Lender deems appropriate and practical, it hereby being understood that the amount of any such loss, costs or expense shall be determined in such Lender’s reasonable discretion and shall be conclusive absent manifest error.
Business Day” means a day of the year other than (i) Saturday or a Sunday or (ii) any other day on which commercial banks in New York, New York or the offices of the Account Bank are authorized or required by applicable law, regulation or executive order to close; provided that, if any determination of a Business Day shall relate to an Advance bearing interest at LIBOR, the term “Business Day” shall also exclude any day on which banks are not open for dealings in dollar deposits in the London interbank market.
Change in Law” means the occurrence, after the Closing Date, of any of the following: (i) the adoption or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty; (ii) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority; or (ii) the making or issuance of any request, rule, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority; provided that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (a) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith and (b) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a “Change in Law”, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.
Change of Control” is deemed to have occurred if (i) KREF fails to own 100% of the limited liability company membership interests in Holdings, directly or indirectly, (ii) KREF fails to Control the Borrower or (iii) Holdings fails to own 100% of the limited liability company membership interests in the Borrower, directly, free and clear of any Lien other than Permitted Liens.
Closing Date” means April 11, 2018.
Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
Collateral” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.10.
Collateral Custodian” means PNC Bank, National Association, not in its individual capacity, but solely as collateral custodian pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, together with its successors and permitted assigns, including any successor appointed pursuant to Article XII.
Collateral Custodian Fees” means the fees set forth in the Agent Fee Letter that are payable to the Collateral Custodian.
Collateral Custodian Termination Expenses” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 12.05.
Collateral Custodian Termination Notice” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 12.05.
Collateral Portfolio” means all right, title and interest (whether now owned or hereafter acquired or arising, and wherever located) of the Borrower in all assets of the Borrower securing the Obligations, including the property identified below in clauses (i) through (v), and all accounts, money, cash and currency, chattel paper, tangible chattel paper, electronic chattel paper, intellectual property, goods, equipment, fixtures, contract rights, general intangibles, documents, instruments, certificates of deposit, certificated securities, uncertificated securities, financial assets, securities entitlements, commercial tort claims, securities accounts, deposit accounts, inventory, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, software, supporting obligations, accessions or other property consisting of, arising out of, or related to any of the following (but excluding in each case any Delayed Draw Amounts):
(i)     the Loan Assets, and all monies due or to become due in payment under such Loan Assets on and after any related Cut-Off Date, including, but not limited to, all Available Collections;
(ii)     the Portfolio Assets with respect to the Loan Assets referred to in clause (i);
(iii)     the Collection Account; and
(iv)     all income and Proceeds of the foregoing;
provided, that the Collateral Portfolio does not include any Loan Asset (or Proceeds thereof) that were Sold in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.07 effective as of its applicable Release Date.
Collateral Quality Tests” means, for each Loan Asset, the Property Type Test, the Eligible MSA Test, the Maximum LTV Test, the Minimum NOI Coverage Test and the Minimum DSCR Test, in each case for such Loan Asset.
Collection Account” means an account established with the Account Bank pursuant to the Collection Account Agreement in the name of the Borrower and under the “control” (within the meaning of Section 9-104 of the UCC) of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties; provided that, subject to the rights of the Administrative Agent hereunder with respect to funds, the funds deposited therein from time to time shall constitute the property and assets of the Borrower, and the Borrower shall be solely liable for any Taxes payable with respect to the Collection Account and each subaccount that may be established from time to time.
Collection Account Agreement” means that certain Deposit Account Control Agreement, dated the Closing Date, among the Borrower, the Servicer, the Account Bank and the Administrative Agent, establishing and governing the Collection Account and which permits the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties to direct disposition of the funds in the Collection Account following a Notice of Exclusive Control, as such agreement may be amended, restated, modified, replaced or otherwise supplemented from time to time.
Collections” means all collections and other cash proceeds with respect to any Loan Asset or other Portfolio Asset (including, without limitation, payments on account of interest, principal, prepayments, fees, guaranty payments and all other amounts received in respect of such Loan Asset or Portfolio Asset), all Recoveries, all Insurance Proceeds and proceeds of any liquidations or Sales in each case, attributable to such Loan Asset or Portfolio Asset, and all other proceeds or other funds of any kind or nature received by the Borrower or the Servicer with respect to any Underlying Collateral.
Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender listed on Annex A to the Letter Agreement as providing a “Commitment”, (i) prior to the end of the applicable Availability Period, the dollar amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Annex A to the Letter Agreement for such Term Loan Series (as such Annex A may be amended or otherwise modified from time to time) or the amount set forth as such Lender’s “Commitment” on the Assignment and Assumption Agreement relating to such Lender, as applicable as its “Commitment”, and (ii) without duplication, on or after the end of the applicable Availability Period, such Lenders’ Pro Rata Share of the aggregate Advances Outstanding under any Term Loan Series.
Commitment Termination Date” means, with respect to any Term Loan Series, the earliest to occur of (i) the date that is 6 months after the Issuance Date (provided however, that such period shall be extended for (x) any Loan Asset for a period of 45 days if such Loan Asset is identified by the Borrower prior to the expiration of such 6 month period, (y) delayed draws associated with any Delayed Draw Loan Asset if such Delayed Draw Loan Asset is identified by the Borrower prior to the expiration of such 6 month period or (z) as otherwise agreed between the Borrower and the Lenders), (ii) the date of the declaration, or automatic occurrence, of an Event of Default or (iii) the occurrence of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 2.14(c) hereof.
Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise.
Cut-Off Date” means, with respect to a Loan Asset, the date (which may be the Closing Date) such Loan Asset is Transferred to the Borrower.
Delayed Draw Amount” means with respect to any Delayed Draw Loan Asset, the aggregate maximum amount of the Borrower’s contractual obligations to provide additional funding with respect to such Loan Asset.
Delayed Draw Loan Asset” means a Loan Asset that requires the Borrower to provide additional funding thereunder after the Cut-Off Date for such Loan Asset.
Determination Date” means the date that is 2 Business Days prior to the Payment Date.
Eligible Assignee” means (i) a Lender or any of its Affiliates, (ii) any Person managed by a Lender or any of its Affiliates, or (iii) any financial or other institution reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders with respect to such Term Loan Series (other than the Borrower or an Affiliate thereof).
Eligible Loan Asset” means a Loan Asset that, at the time of Transfer to the Borrower:
(i) is a commercial mortgage loan (or a senior or pari-passu participation therein) or mezzanine loan (provided that such mezzanine loan also includes the related commercial mortgage loan);
(ii) is denominated and payable only in U.S. Dollars;
(iii) the Loan Agreement relating thereto is governed by the laws of a State and the related Underlying Collateral is located in the United States;
(iv) for which no Underlying Obligor Default has occurred or any other breach in any material respect of any other term set forth in the Loan Agreement therefor has occurred;
(v) there are no proceedings pending or, to the best of the Borrower’s knowledge, threatened (x) with respect to a Bankruptcy Event with respect to any applicable Obligor, or (y) wherein any applicable Obligor, any other party or any governmental entity has alleged that such Loan Asset or its related Loan Agreement or any of its Required Loan Documents is illegal or unenforceable;
(vi) is assignable to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, as Collateral as provided hereunder;
(vii) is not subject to any Liens other than Permitted Liens; and
(viii) meets the Collateral Quality Tests;
provided that the Majority Lenders may waive any of the foregoing requirements in their sole discretion.
Eligible MSA Test” has the meaning specified in the Letter Agreement.
Environmental Laws” means any and all foreign, federal, State and local laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, permits, licenses, approvals, interpretations and orders of courts or Governmental Authorities, relating to the protection of human health or the environment, including, but not limited to, requirements pertaining to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transportation, handling, reporting, licensing, permitting, investigation or remediation of Hazardous Materials.
Equityholder” means KREF in its capacity as the indirect owner of the membership interests in the Borrower.
ERISA” means the United States Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time.
ERISA Affiliate” means (a) any corporation that is a member of the same controlled group of corporations (within the meaning of Section 414(b) of the Code) as a specified Person, (b) a trade or business (whether or not incorporated) under common control (within the meaning of Section 414(c) of the Code) with such Person, (c) a member of the same affiliated service group (within the meaning of Section 414(m) of the Code) as such Person, any corporation described in clause (a) above or any trade or business described in clause (b) above or (d) a member of the same group of related business entities under Section 414(o) of the Code as such Person, any corporation described in clause (a) above, any trade or business described in clause (b) above or any member of any affiliated service group described in clause (c) above.
Escrow Account” means with respect to the Loan Assets described in the Loan Asset Schedule, and subject to and as required by the terms of the related Loan Agreements, one or more accounts established and maintained by the Servicer into which any or all Escrow Payments shall be deposited promptly after receipt and identification. All Escrow Accounts shall be denominated “Midland Loan Services, a Division of PNC Bank, National Association for the benefit of "KREF Lending VII LLC and Various Obligors”, Escrow Account, or in such other manner as the Borrower and Initial Lender prescribes.
Escrow Payment” means any amount received by the Servicer for the account of an Obligor for application toward the payment of taxes, insurance premiums, assessments, ground rents, deferred maintenance, environmental remediation, rehabilitation costs, capital expenditures, and similar items in respect of the related Loan Asset.
Eurodollar Disruption Event” means the occurrence of any of the following: (a) the Majority Lenders shall have notified the Administrative Agent of a determination by the Majority Lenders that it would be contrary to law or to the directive of any central bank or other Governmental Authority (whether or not having the force of law) to obtain United States dollars in the London interbank market to fund any Advance, to make, maintain or fund Advances whose interest is determined by reference to LIBOR, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon LIBOR, or any Governmental Authority has imposed material restrictions on the authority of any Lender to purchase or sell, or to take deposits of, Dollars in the London interbank market, (b) the Majority Lenders shall have notified the Administrative Agent of the inability, for any reason, of the Majority Lenders to determine LIBOR or adequate and reasonable means do not exist for determining LIBOR for any LIBOR Period with respect to a proposed LIBOR Advance, including because LIBOR is not available or published on a current basis, whether or not such circumstances are likely to be temporary, (c) the Majority Lenders shall have notified the Administrative Agent of a determination by the Majority Lenders that the rate at which deposits of United States dollars are being offered to any Lender or any of its respective assignees in the London interbank market does not adequately or fairly reflect the cost to the Lenders of making, funding or maintaining any Advance, (d) the Majority Lenders shall have notified the Administrative Agent of the inability of a Lender to obtain United States dollars in the London interbank market to make, fund or maintain any Advance or Dollar deposits are not being offered to lenders in the applicable offshore interbank market for the applicable amount and LIBOR Period of any Loan or (e) the administrator of the LIBOR Screen Rate or a Governmental Authority has made a public statement identifying a specific date after which LIBOR will no longer be made available, or used for determining the interest rate of loans.
Event of Default” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 7.01.
Excepted Persons” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 11.11(a).
Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Excluded Amounts” means (a) any amount received in the Collection Account with respect to any Loan Asset included as part of the Collateral Portfolio, which amount is attributable to the payment of any Tax, fee or other charge imposed by any Governmental Authority on such Loan Asset or on any Underlying Collateral and (b) any amount received in the Collection Account representing (i) any Escrow Payments, (ii)  any amounts received on or with respect to a Loan Asset under any Insurance Policy that is required to be used to restore, improve or repair the related real estate or other assets of such Loan Asset or required to be paid to any Obligor under the Loan Agreement for such Loan Asset, (iii) any amount received in the Collection Account with respect to any Loan Asset that is otherwise Sold by the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.07, to the extent such amount is attributable to a time after the effective date of such Sale, and (iv) amounts deposited in the Collection Account which were not required to be deposited therein.
Excluded Asset Amount” means, with respect to any Loan Asset subject to an Underlying Obligor Default, the lesser of (a) 50% of the Outstanding Principal Balance of such Loan Asset and (b) following the date that is 12 months after the occurrence of such Underlying Obligor Default, the Appraised Value of the Outstanding Principal Balance of such Loan Asset multiplied by the applicable Advance Rate, in each case, until such date, if any, such Underlying Obligor Default is cured or waived in accordance with the applicable underlying loan documentation.
Excluded Taxes” means, with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower under this Agreement, any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to a Lender: (a) any income or franchise Taxes imposed on (or measured by) net income and any branch profits Taxes, in each case by (i) the jurisdiction under the laws of which such Lender is organized or in which such Lender’s principal office is located or in which such Lender’s applicable lending office is located or (ii) a jurisdiction as the result of any other present or former connection between such Lender and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising from such Lender having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Transaction Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any loan or commitment made pursuant to this Agreement), (b) in the case of a Lender, U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a loan pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender acquires such interest in the loan or (ii) such Lender changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 2.09, amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender's assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office, (c) Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with Section 2.09(d), and (d) any U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA.
Extension” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.16.
Facility Termination Date” means the date on which the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Advances under each Term Loan Series have been repaid in full and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, Fees and all other Obligations (other than contingent indemnification obligations) have been paid in full, the Commitments of the Lenders hereunder have been terminated by the Borrower or the Majority Lenders in accordance with this Agreement and the Borrower has no further right to request any additional Advances.
FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Internal Revenue Code as in effect on the date hereof (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with) and any current or future regulations promulgated thereunder or official interpretations thereof, any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code as of the date hereof (or any amended or successor version described above) and any intergovernmental agreements (or related rules, legislation or official administrative guidance) implementing such provisions of the Code or any non-U.S. laws implementing the foregoing.
Fee Letters” means the Agent Fee Letter and each fee letter agreement that shall be entered into by and among the Borrower, the Servicer and any Lender, including the Letter Agreement, in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, in each case, as amended, modified, waived, supplemented, restated or replaced from time to time.
Fees” means the fees payable to the Servicer, the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank or other applicable agent or party pursuant to the terms of the Fee Letters or the other Transaction Documents.
Final Maturity Date” means, for any Term Loan Series, the earliest to occur of (i) the Scheduled Maturity Date for such Term Loan Series (as it may be extended pursuant to Section 2.16), (ii) the date of the declaration of the Final Maturity Date for such Term Loan Series upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, or (iii) the occurrence of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 2.14(c).
GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles as in effect from time to time in the United States.
Governmental Authority” means, with respect to any Person, any nation or government, any state or other political subdivision thereof or any entity, authority, agency, division or department exercising the executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to a government and any court or arbitrator having jurisdiction over such Person (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank) and any group or body charged with setting financial accounting or regulatory capital rules or standards (including, without limitation, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Bank for International Settlements or the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision or any successor or similar authority to any of the foregoing).
Hazardous Materials” means all materials subject to any Environmental Law, including, without limitation, materials listed in 49 C.F.R. § 172.010, materials defined as hazardous pursuant to § 101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, flammable, explosive or radioactive materials, hazardous or toxic wastes or substances, lead-based materials, petroleum or petroleum distillates or asbestos or material containing asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, radon gas, urea formaldehyde and any substances classified as being “in inventory”, “usable work in process” or similar classification that would, if classified as unusable, be included in the foregoing definition.
Holdings” has the meaning assigned to that term in the preamble hereto.
Holdings AML Default” means, with respect to Holdings, any one of the following events: (i) any representation or warranty contained Section 4.06(l) is or becomes false or misleading at any time or (ii) the Borrower fails to comply with the covenant contained in Section 9.03(c)(1) at any time.
Holdings Covered Entity” means each of (a) Holdings and its subsidiaries, any guarantors and/or pledgors of collateral under this Agreement or any transaction document relating to the Loan Assets, and (b) each Person that, directly or indirectly, is in control of a Person described in clause (a) above. For purposes of this definition, control of a Person shall mean the direct or indirect (x) ownership of, or power to vote, 25% or more of the issued and outstanding equity interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors of such Person or other Persons performing similar functions for such Person, or (y) power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person whether by ownership of equity interests, contract or otherwise.
Indebtedness” means with respect to any Person at any date, (a) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business and payable in accordance with customary trade practices) or that is evidenced by a note, bond, debenture or similar instrument or other evidence of indebtedness customary for indebtedness of that type, (b) all liabilities secured by any Lien on any property owned by such Person even though such Person has not assumed or otherwise become liable for the payment thereof, (c) all indebtedness, obligations or liabilities of that Person in respect of derivatives, and (d) all obligations under direct or indirect guaranties in respect of obligations (contingent or otherwise) to purchase or otherwise acquire, or to otherwise assure a creditor against loss in respect of, indebtedness or obligations of others of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (c) of this definition.
Indemnified Amounts” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 8.01(a).
Indemnified Party” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 8.01(a).
Indemnifying Party” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 8.02.
Independent Director” means Lisa M. Pierro.
Indorsement” has the meaning specified in Section 8-102(a)(11) of the UCC, and “Indorsed” has a corresponding meaning.
Initial Advance” means the first Advance under the Term Loan Series 2018-1 made pursuant to Article II.
Initial Advance Date” means the date of funding of the Initial Advance.
Initial Lender” has the meaning specified in the Letter Agreement.
Initial Payment Date” means May 15, 2018.
Insurance Policy” means, with respect to any Loan Asset, an insurance policy covering liability and physical damage to, or loss of, the Underlying Collateral for such Loan Asset.
Insurance Proceeds” means any amounts received on or with respect to a Loan Asset under any Insurance Policy or with respect to any condemnation proceeding or award in lieu of condemnation.
Interest Collections” means, with respect to any Loan Asset, all Collections attributable to interest on such Loan Asset (including Collections attributable to the portion of the outstanding principal balance of a Loan Asset, if any, that represents interest which has accrued in kind and has been added to the principal balance of such Loan Asset), including, without limitation, all scheduled payments of interest and payments of interest relating to principal prepayments, all guaranty payments attributable to interest and proceeds of any liquidations, sales or dispositions attributable to interest on such Loan Asset. Interest Collections expressly excludes any amendment fees, late fee, waiver fees, extension fees, prepayment fees or other fees (other than Fees) received in respect of a Loan Asset.
Issuance Date” means the date any Term Loan Series is established in accordance with Section 2.01.
KREF” means KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.
Lender” means collectively, the Initial Lender or any other Person to whom the Initial Lender assigns any part of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the terms of Section 11.04 and any other party that becomes a lender pursuant to a Assignment and Assumption Agreement.
Lender Covered Entity” means (a) Lender and its subsidiaries and (b) each Person that, directly or indirectly, is in control of a Person described in clause (a) above. For purposes of this definition, control of a Person shall mean the direct or indirect (x) ownership of, or power to vote, 25% or more of the issued and outstanding equity interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors of such Person or other Persons performing similar functions for such Person, or (y) power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person whether by ownership of equity interests, contract or otherwise.
Lender Event of Default” means, with respect to any Lender, any one of the following events: (i) any representation or warranty contained Section 4.04(d) is or becomes false or misleading at any time or (ii) such Lender fails to comply with the covenant contained in Section 9.03(c)(3) at any time.
Letter Agreement” means the Letter Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018, among the Borrower, the Servicer, the Administrative Agent and the Initial Lender.
LIBOR” means the rate per annum appearing on Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page (or any successor or substitute page or such other commercially available source providing such quotations as may be designated by the Initial Lender from time to time) (the “LIBOR Screen Rate”) as the London interbank offered rate for deposits in dollars for a period equal to such LIBOR Period at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the beginning of such LIBOR Period; provided that LIBOR may not be less than zero.
LIBOR Advance” means an Advance to which LIBOR is applicable.
LIBOR Period” means, with respect to any LIBOR Advance, (a) initially, the period commencing on the Advance Date with respect to such Advance and ending on and including the next occurring 14th day of the Month; and (b) thereafter, each period commencing on the 15th day of the Month and ending on and including the 14th day of the immediately succeeding Month; provided that all of the foregoing provisions relating to LIBOR Periods are subject to the following:
(i)    if a LIBOR Period would extend beyond the Scheduled Maturity Date related to such Advance, then such LIBOR Period shall end on such Scheduled Maturity Date;
(ii)    to the extent the Advance Date referenced in clause (a) above is not a Payment Date, LIBOR shall be calculated based on one month LIBOR as of the applicable Advance Date; and
(iii)    the first LIBOR Period shall end on May 14, 2018.
Lien” means any mortgage or deed of trust, pledge, hypothecation, collateral assignment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance, lien (statutory or other), charge, claim, preference, priority or other security interest or preferential arrangement in the nature of a security interest of any kind or nature whatsoever (including any conditional sale, lease or other title retention agreement, sale subject to a repurchase obligation, any easement, right of way or other encumbrance on title to real property, and any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing), or the filing of or financing statement perfecting a security interest under the UCC or comparable law of any jurisdiction.
Loan Agreement” means the loan agreement, credit agreement or other agreement pursuant to which a Loan Asset has been issued or created and each other agreement that governs the terms of or secures the obligations represented by such Loan Asset or of which the holders of such Loan Asset are the beneficiaries.
Loan Asset” means any loan or loan participation Transferred to the Borrower, which loan or loan participation includes, without limitation, (i) the Loan Asset File therefor, and (ii) all right, title and interest in and to the loan or loan participation and any Underlying Collateral, but excluding, in each case, any Delayed Draw Amounts. As of the Closing Date or Cut-Off Date, as applicable, the Loan Assets are listed on Schedule II to the Letter Agreement.
Loan Asset Checklist” means, with respect to each Loan Asset, an electronic or hard copy, as applicable, of a checklist delivered by or on behalf of the Borrower to the Collateral Custodian and the Servicer of all Loan Agreements and all other agreements, instruments, certificates or other documents and items executed or delivered in connection with a Loan Asset, including the Required Loan Documents therefor.
Loan Asset File” means, with respect to each Loan Asset, a file containing each of the agreements, instruments, certificates and other documents and items set forth on the Loan Asset Checklist with respect to such Loan Asset.
Loan Asset Schedule” means (a) a schedule of the Loan Assets and setting forth for each such Loan Asset (i) the Loan Asset number for such Loan Asset, (ii) the Obligors for such Loan Asset, (iii) the current balance of such Loan Asset, (iv) the Loan Agreements evidencing such Loan Assets, (v) whether such Loan Asset is an Eligible Loan Asset, (vi) the Term Loan Series for which such Loan Asset relates and (vii) the other information specified for such Loan Asset on Schedule II to the Letter Agreement, as delivered by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Custodian and the Servicer, and as updated from time to time as provided herein or (b) the delivery of a servicing report containing the information described in clauses (i) through (vii) of this definition.
Loan Assignment” means an agreement pursuant to which any Loan Asset not originated by the Borrower is Transferred to the Borrower (i) in a form substantially based upon the form document for loan assignments of the Loan Syndications and Trading Association, or (ii) in any other form reasonably agreed to by the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
Majority Lenders” means the Lenders representing an aggregate of more than 50% of the aggregate Commitments across all outstanding Term Loan Series at such time.
Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect on (a) the business, financial condition, operations, liabilities (actual or contingent), performance or properties of the Borrower, (b) the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or the validity or enforceability of the Loan Assets generally or any material portion of the Loan Assets, (c) the rights and remedies of the Collateral Custodian, the Servicer, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any other Secured Parties with respect to matters arising under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, (d) the ability of the Borrower to perform its obligations under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, or (e) the existence, perfection, priority or enforceability of the Administrative Agent’s or the other Secured Parties’ Lien on the Collateral Portfolio; provided that, there shall be no Material Adverse Effect to the extent such Material Adverse Effect arises from the action (or inaction) of the Account Bank, the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Administrative Agent or a Lender.
Material Modification” means any amendment or waiver of, or modification or supplement to, or termination, cancellation or release of, a Loan Agreement governing a Loan Asset executed or effected on or after the Cut-Off Date for such Loan Asset which (i) reduces or forgives any or all of the principal amount due under such Loan Asset; (ii) delays or extends the maturity date for such Loan Asset or (iii) releases any Underlying Collateral or Obligor.
Maximum Availability” means, with respect to any Term Loan Series at any time, the lesser of (i) the Maximum Facility Amount for such Term Loan Series at such time and (ii) the Borrowing Base for such Term Loan Series at such time.
Maximum Facility Amount” has the meaning, with respect to any Term Loan Series, specified in the Letter Agreement for such Term Loan Series.
Maximum LTV Test” has the meaning specified in the Letter Agreement.
Midland” means (a) Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, not in its individual capacity, but in its capacity as Administrative Agent and Servicer and (b) PNC Bank, National Association, not in its individual capacity, but solely as Collateral Custodian, in all cases, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
Minimum DSCR Test” has the meaning specified in the Letter Agreement.
Minimum NOI Coverage Test” has the meaning specified in the Letter Agreement.
Month” means a calendar month.
Multiemployer Plan” means a “multiemployer plan” as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of the Borrower contributed or had any obligation to contribute on behalf of its employees at any time during the current year or the preceding five years.
Non-Exempt Person” means any Person other than a Person who is (or, in the case of a Person that is a disregarded entity, whose owner is) either (a) a “United States person” within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (b) has provided to the Servicer for the relevant year such duly executed form(s) or statement(s) which may, from time to time, be prescribed by law and which pursuant to applicable provisions of (i) any income tax treaty between the United States and the country of residence of such Person, (ii) the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time and any successor statute, or (iii) any applicable rules or regulations in effect under clauses (i) or (ii) above, permit Midland to make any payments free of any obligation or liability for withholding; provided, that duly executed form(s) provided to Midland pursuant to Section 9.03(b), shall be sufficient to qualify the Person as a Non-Exempt Person.
Notice of Borrowing” means a written notice of borrowing from the Borrower to the Administrative Agent in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D.
Notice of Exclusive Control” has the meaning specified in the Collection Account Agreement.
Notice of Reduction” means a notice from the Borrower of a prepayment of the Advances Outstanding of any Term Loan Series pursuant to Section 2.14, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E.
Obligations” means all present and future indebtedness and other liabilities and obligations (howsoever created, arising or evidenced, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, or due or to become due) of the Borrower to the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank, the Collateral Custodian or any other Secured Party arising under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document and shall include, without limitation, all liability for principal of and interest on the Advances, Breakage Fees, Fees, indemnifications and other amounts due or to become due by the Borrower to the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank and any other Secured Party under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, including, without limitation, any Fee Letter and costs and expenses payable by the Borrower to the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank, the Collateral Custodian or any other Secured Party, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses, including without limitation, interest, fees and other obligations that accrue after the commencement of an insolvency proceeding (in each case whether or not allowed as a claim in such insolvency proceeding).
Obligor” means, collectively, each Person obligated to make payments under a Loan Agreement, including any guarantor thereof.
Other Taxes” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 11.07(b).
Outstanding Principal Balance” means, at any time for any Loan Asset, the outstanding principal balance of such Loan Asset and the Delayed Draw Amount for such Loan Asset that has been funded, if any, in each case at such time.
Outstanding Underlying Adjusted Loan Balance” means for any Eligible Loan Asset for any date of determination, an amount equal to the Advance Rate for such Loan Asset at such time multiplied by the Outstanding Principal Balance of such Loan Asset at such time.
pari passu” with respect to the right of payment under any Indebtedness, means such Indebtedness is equal in rights of payment and seniority and is not (and cannot by its terms become) subject to any subordination (whether contractual or under Applicable Law) to the right of payment under any comparable Indebtedness, without consideration to any collateral security securing any such Indebtedness.
Payment Date” means the 15th day of each Month, or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day and the Facility Termination Date, commencing on May 15, 2018.
Payment Duties” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 9.01(c)(ii).
Pension Plan” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 4.01(s).
Permitted Liens” means any of the following: (a) Liens for Taxes if such Taxes shall not at the time be due and payable or if a Person shall currently be contesting the validity thereof in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in accordance with GAAP have been provided on the books of such Person, (b) Liens imposed by law, such as materialmen’s, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, carriers’, workmen’s and repairmen’s Liens and other similar Liens, arising by operation of law in the ordinary course of business for sums that are not overdue or are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in accordance with GAAP have been provided on the books of the applicable Person, (c) Liens granted pursuant to or by the Transaction Documents, (d) with respect to the Underlying Collateral for any Loan Asset, (x) Liens in favor of the lenders, lead agent, administrative agent, collateral agent or similar agent for the benefit of all holders of Indebtedness relating to such Loan Assets and (y) “permitted liens” as defined in the applicable Loan Agreement for such Loan Asset or such comparable definition if “permitted liens” is not defined therein and (e) Liens routinely imposed on all securities by the Account Bank, to the extent permitted under the Collection Account Agreement.
Person” means an individual, partnership, corporation (including a statutory or business trust), limited liability company, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated association, sole proprietorship, joint venture, government (or any agency or political subdivision thereof) or other entity.
Pledged Equity” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.10.
Portfolio Assets” means, with respect to any Term Loan Series, all Loan Assets owned by the Borrower, together with all proceeds thereof and other assets or property related thereto, including all right, title and interest of the Borrower in and to:
(b)    any amounts on deposit in any cash reserve, collection, custody or lockbox accounts securing the Loan Assets;
(c)    all rights with respect to the Loan Assets to which the Borrower is entitled as lender under the applicable Loan Agreement;
(d)    any Underlying Collateral securing the Loan Assets and all Recoveries related thereto, all payments paid in respect thereof and all monies due, to become due and paid in respect thereof accruing after the applicable Cut-Off Date and all net liquidation proceeds;
(e)    the Loan Asset Files related to the Loan Assets, any Records, and the documents, agreements, and instruments included in such Loan Asset Files or Records;
(f)    all Liens, guaranties, indemnities, warranties, letters of credit, accounts, bank accounts and property subject thereto from time to time purporting to secure or support payment of the Loan Assets, together with all UCC financing statements, mortgages or similar filings signed or authorized by an Obligor relating thereto;
(g)    each Loan Assignment with respect to the Loan Assets (including, without limitation, any rights of the Borrower against the Transferor thereunder) and the assignment to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, of all UCC financing statements, if any, filed by the Borrower against any Transferor under or in connection with such Loan Assignment;
(h)    the assignment to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, of all UCC financing statements for the Loan Assets;
(i)    all records (including computer records) with respect to the foregoing; and
(j)    all Collections, income, payments, proceeds and other benefits of each of the foregoing.
Potential Repayment Event” means, with respect to any Loan Asset, the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event with respect to such Loan Asset or any Obligor of such Loan Asset.
Prepayment Premium” has the meaning specified in the Letter Agreement.
Principal Collections” means any cash Collections deposited in the Collection Account in accordance with the terms hereof, that are not Interest Collections, including, without limitation, all Recoveries or other proceeds of any liquidations or Sales of a Loan Asset, all Insurance Proceeds and all scheduled payments of principal, principal prepayments, all guaranty payments or other payments that reduce the Outstanding Principal Balance of a Loan Asset.
Pro Rata Share” means, with respect to each Lender under any Term Loan Series, (1) at any time during the Availability Period for such Term Loan Series (i) with respect to the determination of Advances, the Undrawn Percentage of such Lender with respect to such Term Loan Series, and (ii) with respect to the allocation of Collections on any Payment Date or otherwise in connection with any distribution hereunder with respect to such Term Loan Series, the Funded Percentage of such Lender with respect to such Term Loan Series, and (2) on or after the Availability Period for such Term Loan Series, with respect to the allocation of Available Collections on any Payment Date or otherwise in connection with any distribution hereunder with respect to such Term Loan Series, such Lender’s Funded Percentage with respect to such Term Loan Series,
where:
Drawn Amount” of each Lender, means the Advances Outstanding of such Lender under the applicable Term Loan Series.
Funded Percentage” for any Lender as of any date of determination, means the amount, expressed as a percentage, obtained by dividing (i) the Drawn Amount of such Lender for the applicable Term Loan Series, by (ii) the Advances Outstanding of all Lenders under such Term Loan Series.
Undrawn Amount” for any Lender as of any date of determination, means the positive difference, if any, between (i) the Commitment of such Person for the applicable Term Loan Series, and (ii) the Drawn Amount of such Person for such Term Loan Series.
Undrawn Percentage” for any Lender as of any date of determination, means the amount, expressed as a percentage, obtained by dividing (i) the Undrawn Amount of such Lender for the applicable Term Loan Series, by (ii) the aggregate Undrawn Amounts of all Lenders under such Term Loan Series.
Proceeds” means, with respect to the Collateral, all property that is receivable or received when such Collateral is collected, sold, liquidated, foreclosed, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of, whether such disposition is voluntary or involuntary, and includes all rights to payment with respect to any insurance relating to such Collateral.
Property Type Test” means, with respect to a Loan Asset, that the Underlying Collateral for such Loan Asset is one of the following types of properties: office, multifamily, retail, industrial, mixed use or hospitality.
Records” means all documents relating to the Loan Assets, including books, records and other information executed in connection with the Transfer of and maintenance of the Loan Assets in the Collateral Portfolio or maintained with respect to the Collateral Portfolio and the related Obligors that the Borrower or the Servicer has generated, or in which the Borrower has otherwise obtained an interest, including documents under which the Borrower has acquired an interest pursuant to a Loan Assignment.
Recoveries” means, as of the time any Underlying Collateral with respect to any Loan Asset is Sold, discarded or abandoned (after a determination by the Servicer that such Underlying Collateral has little or no remaining value) or otherwise determined to be fully liquidated by the Servicer, the proceeds from the Sale of such Underlying Collateral, the proceeds of any related Insurance Policy or any other recoveries (including interest proceeds recovered) with respect to such Underlying Collateral and amounts representing late fees and penalties, net of any amounts received that are required under the Loan Agreement for the applicable Loan Asset to be refunded to the related Obligor.
Register” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.11.
Release Date” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.07(b).
Replacement Servicer” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 6.01(c).
Reportable Compliance Event” means any Lender Covered Entity, Borrower Covered Entity or Holdings Covered Entity becomes a Sanctioned Person, or is charged by indictment, criminal complaint or similar charging instrument, arraigned, or custodially detained in connection with any Anti-Terrorism Law or any predicate crime to any Anti-Terrorism Law, or has knowledge to the effect that any aspects of its operations is in actual violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law.
Reportable Eventmeans any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than an event for which the 30 day notice period has been waived.
Reporting Date” means the date that is the 15th day of each Month or, if such date is not a Business Day, the immediately succeeding Business Day, commencing on May 15, 2018.
Required Loan Documents” means, for each Loan Asset, the following documents or instruments, all as specified on the related Loan Asset Checklist, to the extent applicable for such Loan Asset: copies of the executed (a) guaranty, (b) loan agreement, (d) note purchase agreement, (e) sale and servicing agreement, (f) security agreement or mortgage, (g) indemnities and (h) promissory note, in each case as set forth on the Loan Asset Checklist.
Responsible Officer” means, with respect to any Person, any duly authorized officer of such Person with direct responsibility for the administration of this Agreement and also, with respect to a particular matter, any other duly authorized officer of such Person to whom such matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.
Restricted Junior Payment” means (i) any dividend or other distribution, direct or indirect, on account of any class of membership interests of the Borrower now or hereafter outstanding, except a dividend paid solely in interests of that class of membership interests or in any junior class of membership interests of the Borrower; (ii) any redemption, retirement, sinking fund or similar payment, purchase or other acquisition for value, direct or indirect, of any class of membership interests of the Borrower now or hereafter outstanding or (iii) any payment made to redeem, purchase, repurchase or retire, or to obtain the surrender of, any outstanding warrants, options or other rights to acquire membership interests of the Borrower now or hereafter outstanding.
Review Criteria” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 12.02(b)(i).
Sale” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 2.07(a).
Sanctioned Country” means a country or territory subject to a sanctions program maintained under any Anti-Terrorism Law (at the time of this Agreement, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria and the Crimea region of Ukraine).
Sanctioned Person” means any individual person, group, regime, entity or thing listed or otherwise recognized as a specially designated, prohibited, sanctioned or debarred person, group, regime, entity or thing, or subject to any limitations or prohibitions (including but not limited to the blocking of property or rejection of transactions), under any order or directive of any applicable Governmental Authority or otherwise subject to, or specially designated under, any sanctions program maintained by any applicable Governmental Authority pursuant to Anti-Terrorism Laws.
Scheduled Maturity Date” means, for any Term Loan Series, the date that is five years after the earlier of (i) last Advance Date under such Term Loan Series and (ii) six months after the Issuance Date with respect to such Term Loan Series, as such date may be extended pursuant to Sections 2.16 and 11.01(b).
Scheduled Payment” means each scheduled payment of principal or interest required to be made by an Obligor on a Loan Asset, as adjusted pursuant to the terms of the related Loan Agreement.
Secured Party” means each of the Administrative Agent, each Lender (together with its successors and assigns), each Indemnified Party, the Collateral Custodian, the Servicer, the Administrative Agent and the Account Bank.
Servicer” means Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, not in its individual capacity, but solely as servicer pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, together with its successors and permitted assigns, including any successor appointed pursuant to Article VI.
Servicer Clearing Account” means one or more commingled accounts maintained by Servicer for the collection of all amounts due from borrowers on all mortgage loans serviced by Servicer.
Servicer Termination Event” means the occurrence of any one or more of the following events:
(a)    a Bankruptcy Event shall occur with respect to the Servicer;
(b)    the Servicer shall assign its rights or obligations as “Servicer” hereunder (other than as expressly provided herein) to any Person without the consent of the Administrative Agent (acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders);
(c)    any failure by the Servicer to observe or perform any covenant or other agreement of the Servicer set forth in this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents, which such failure has resulted in a Material Adverse Effect and continues to be unremedied for a period of 30 days (if such failure can be remedied) after the earlier to occur of (i) the date on which written notice of such failure shall have been given to the Servicer by the Administrative Agent (acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders) or the Borrower and (ii) the date on which a Responsible Officer of the Servicer acquires knowledge thereof (or such extended period of time reasonably approved by Borrower not to exceed 60 days in the aggregate provided that Servicer is diligently proceeding in good faith to cure such failure or breach); and
(d)    any representation, warranty or certification made by the Servicer in any Transaction Document or in any certificate delivered pursuant to any Transaction Document shall prove to have been incorrect when made, which has resulted in a Material Adverse Effect and continues to be unremedied for a period of 30 days (if such inaccuracy can be remedied) after the earlier to occur of (i) the date on which written notice of such incorrectness requiring the same to be remedied shall have been given to the Servicer by the Administrative Agent (acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders) or the Borrower and (ii) the date on which a Responsible Officer of the Servicer acquires knowledge thereof (or such extended period of time reasonably approved by Borrower not to exceed 60 days in the aggregate provided that Servicer is diligently proceeding in good faith to cure such failure or breach).
Servicer Termination Expenses” has the meaning set assigned to that term in Section 6.01(b).
Servicer Termination Notice” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 6.01(b).
Servicing Fee” has the meaning specified in the Agent Fee Letter.
Servicing Report” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 6.08(b)(i).
Servicing Standard” means, with respect to any Loan Assets included in the Collateral Portfolio, to service and administer such Loan Assets on behalf of the Borrower in accordance with Applicable Law, the terms of this Agreement, the Loan Agreements and all customary and usual servicing practices for loans like the Loan Assets.
State” means one of the fifty states of the United States or the District of Columbia.
Subsidiary” means with respect to a person, a corporation, partnership or other entity of which shares of stock or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power (other than stock or such other ownership interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) to elect a majority of the board of directors or other managers of such corporation, partnership or other entity are at the time owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such person.
Taxes” means any present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, withholdings, assessments or fees of any nature (including interest, penalties, and additions thereto) that are imposed by any Governmental Authority.
Term Loan Note” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01(a).
Term Loan Series” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01(b).
Term Loan Series 2018-1” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01(b).
Term Loan Series Rate” means, as of any date of determination for any Term Loan Series, an interest rate per annum equal to LIBOR for such date plus the Applicable Spread for such Term Loan Series; provided that: if any Lender shall have notified the Administrative Agent that a Eurodollar Disruption Event has occurred and is continuing, the Administrative Agent shall in turn so notify the Borrower, whereupon the Term Loan Series Rate for each Term Loan Series shall be an interest rate per annum equal to (a) a comparable or successor floating rate that is, at such time, a rate based on the underlying index interest rates applicable to the Loan Assets included in the Collateral Portfolio relating to any applicable Term Loan Series as determined by the Administrative Agent (acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders) with the consent of the Borrower plus (b) the Applicable Spread for the applicable Term Loan Series in all cases until such Lender shall have notified the Administrative Agent that such Eurodollar Disruption Event has ceased, at which time the Term Loan Series Rate shall again be equal to LIBOR plus the Applicable Spread.
Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, any Term Loan Note, each Assignment and Assumption Agreement, each Loan Assignment, the Collection Account Agreement, the Fee Letters and each document, instrument or agreement related to any of the foregoing.
Transfer” means the acquisition, transfer or assignment to the Borrower of a Loan Asset or other Portfolio Asset, whether such Loan Asset was originated by the Borrower or acquired by the Borrower pursuant to a Loan Assignment.
Transferor” means any assignor of a Loan Asset under a Loan Assignment.
UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the specified jurisdiction.
Underlying Collateral” means, with respect to a Loan Asset, any property or other assets pledged or mortgaged as collateral to secure repayment of such Loan Asset, including, mortgaged property and all proceeds from any sale or other disposition of such property or other assets.
Underlying Obligor Default” means, with respect to any Loan Asset following the Cut-Off Date relating thereto, the occurrence of one or more of the following events (any of which, for the avoidance of doubt, may occur more than once):
(a)    an Obligor payment default under such Loan Asset (after giving effect to any grace or cure period set forth in the applicable Loan Agreement);
(b)    any other Obligor event of default or similar event or circumstance under such Loan Asset for which the Borrower (or agent or required lenders pursuant to the applicable Loan Agreement, as applicable) has elected to exercise any of its rights and remedies under or with respect to such Loan Asset (including the acceleration of the loan relating thereto); or
(c)    a Bankruptcy Event with respect to any related Obligor.
United States” means the United States of America.
Unmatured Event of Default” means any event or condition that constitutes an Event of Default or that, with the giving of any notice, the passage of time, or both, would be an Event of Default.
SECTION 1.02    Other Terms. All accounting terms used but not specifically defined herein shall be construed in accordance with GAAP. All terms used in Article 9 of the UCC in the State of New York, and used but not specifically defined herein, are used herein as defined in such Article 9.
SECTION 1.03    Computation of Time Periods. Unless otherwise stated in this Agreement, in the computation of a period of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including” and the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding.”
SECTION 1.04    Interpretation.
In each Transaction Document, unless a contrary intention appears:
(a)    the singular number includes the plural number and vice versa;
(b)    reference to any Person includes such Person’s successors and assigns but only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by the Transaction Documents;
(c)    reference to any gender includes each other gender;
(d)    reference to day or days without further qualification means calendar days;
(e)    reference to any time means New York, New York time;
(f)    the term “or” is not exclusive;
(g)    reference to the words “include”, “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation”;
(h)    reference to any agreement (including any Transaction Document), document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended, modified, waived, supplemented, restated or replaced and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof and, if applicable, the terms of the other Transaction Documents, and reference to any promissory note includes any promissory note that is an extension or renewal thereof or a substitute or replacement therefor; and
(i)    reference to any Applicable Law means such Applicable Law as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and reference to any Section or other provision of any Applicable Law means that provision of such Applicable Law from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such Section or other provision.
SECTION 1.05    Advances to Constitute Loans. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, the parties hereto intend that the Advances made hereunder shall constitute a “loan” and not a “security” for purposes of Section 8-102(15) of the UCC.
ARTICLE II.    
THE FACILITY
SECTION 2.01    Term Loan Notes and Advances.
(a)    Term Loan Notes. If requested by a Lender, the Borrower shall deliver a duly executed Term Loan Note (the “Term Loan Note”), in substantially the form of Exhibit F, for each Term Loan Series requested by such Lender. Interest shall accrue on such Term Loan Note, and such Term Loan Note shall be payable, as described herein.
(b)    Establishment of Term Loan Series. On the terms hereinafter set forth, the Borrower may at its option, by delivery of a Term Loan Series Notice substantially in the form of Exhibit A to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, from time to time on any Business Day on and after the Closing Date, request that the Lenders establish a new series of term loans hereunder (a “Term Loan Series”), which such Term Loan Series shall be on a pari passu basis with all other Term Loan Series and cross-collateralized and secured on a pari passu basis with the Collateral. The Lenders shall deliver a response to the Administrative Agent with respect to any Term Loan Series Notice no later than 5 Business Days after receipt thereof and to the extent any Lender fails to so respond, such Lender will be deemed to have rejected such request. The initial Term Loan Series established on the Closing Date is referred to herein as the “Term Loan Series 2018-1”. Each Term Loan Series will have the name assigned thereto on Annex A to the Letter Agreement for such Term Loan Series, bear interest at the Applicable Spread specified thereon and have such other terms and conditions as are specified on Annex A for such Term Loan Series, as amended or otherwise modified from time to time with only the consent of the Borrower and the Lenders.
(c)    Advances. On the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, the Borrower may at its option, by delivery of a Notice of Borrowing to the Administrative Agent, from time to time on any Business Day from the Closing Date (in the case of the Term Loan Series 2018-1) or applicable Issuance Date (in the case of any other Term Loan Series) until the end of the applicable Availability Period for such Term Loan Series, request that the Lenders make Advances to it in an amount which after giving effect to such Advances, would not cause the aggregate Advances Outstanding under such Term Loan Series to exceed the Maximum Availability for such Term Loan Series on such date; provided that with respect to an Advance proposed to be funded in connection with the Transfer of a Loan Asset (whether by origination, sale or contribution), such Loan Asset is an Eligible Loan Asset. Promptly upon receipt of such Notice of Borrowing, the Administrative Agent shall notify the Lenders of the requested Advance, and such Lenders shall make the Advance on the terms and conditions set forth herein. Under no circumstances shall any Lender be required to make any Advance if after giving effect to such Advance and the addition to the Collateral Portfolio of the Eligible Loan Assets being acquired by the Borrower using the proceeds of such Advance, (i) an Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom or (ii) the aggregate Advances Outstanding of the applicable Term Loan Series would exceed the Maximum Availability for such Term Loan Series. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 2.01 or elsewhere in this Agreement to the contrary, no Lender shall be obligated to make any Advance in an amount that would, after giving effect to such Advance, exceed such Lender’s Commitment (for such Term Loan Series) less the aggregate outstanding amount of any Advances funded by such Lender under such Term Loan Series. Each Advance to be made hereunder shall be made among the Lenders of such Term Loan Series in accordance with their Pro Rata Share.
SECTION 2.02    Procedure for Advances.
(a)    On any Business Day during the applicable Availability Period, the Borrower may request that the Lenders make Advances under a Term Loan Series, subject to and in accordance with the terms and conditions of Sections 2.01 and 2.02 and subject to the provisions of Article III hereof; provided if the Borrower rescinds any request prior to the funding of such proposed Advance, the Borrower shall be responsible for the Breakage Fees, if any, resulting from such rescission.
(b)    Each Advance shall be made upon delivery of a request for an Advance from the Borrower to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, with a copy to the Collateral Custodian, no later than 2:00 p.m. two Business Days immediately prior to the proposed date of such Advance (which shall be a Business Day), in the form of a Notice of Borrowing. Each Notice of Borrowing shall include a duly completed Borrowing Base Certificate for the Term Loan Series for which such Advance is to be made (updated to the date such Advance is requested and giving pro forma effect to the Advance requested and the use of the proceeds thereof), and shall specify:
(i)    the Term Loan Series under which such Advance is to be made;
(ii)    the aggregate amount of such Advance, which amount shall not cause the Advances Outstanding for the applicable Term Loan Series to exceed the Maximum Availability for such Term Loan Series (after giving effect to any Transfer effectuated from the use of proceeds thereof); provided that the amount of such Advance must be at least equal to $500,000;
(iii)    the proposed date of such Advance (which must be a Business Day);
(iv)    with respect to the initial Advance of a Term Loan Series proposed to be funded in connection with the addition of a Loan Asset to the Collateral Portfolio (whether by origination, sale or contribution), a description of such Loan Asset and whether such Loan Asset is a Delayed Draw Loan Asset and a written certification of the Borrower that such Loan Asset is an Eligible Loan Asset and demonstrating compliance with the Collateral Quality Tests for such Loan Asset as set forth on Exhibit K; and
(v)    a representation that all conditions precedent for an Advance described in Article III hereof have been satisfied.
On the Advance Date of each Advance, upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in Article III, each Lender shall, in accordance with instructions received by the Administrative Agent from the Borrower, make available to the Borrower, in same day funds, an amount equal to such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such Advance, by payment into the account which the Borrower has designated in writing.
(c)    The obligation of each Lender under a Term Loan Series to remit its Pro Rata Share of any Advance is several from that of each other Lender of such Term Loan Series and the failure of any Lender to so make such amount available to the Borrower shall not relieve any other Lender of its obligations hereunder.
SECTION 2.03    Repayment, Prepayment and Interest.
(a)    The Borrower shall repay to the Lenders on the Final Maturity Date for a Term Loan Series the aggregate principal amount of all outstanding Advances made under such Term Loan Series, together with all accrued and unpaid interest thereon. The Borrower shall also repay the outstanding principal amount of the Advances as provided in Sections 2.05 and 2.14.
(b)    Subject to Section 2.14 (including any Prepayment Premium provided for therein) and the other terms, conditions, provisions and limitations set forth herein, the Borrower may prepay Advances without any penalty, fee or premium; provided if the Borrower prepays Advances on any day other than a Payment Date, the Borrower shall be responsible for the Breakage Fees, if any, resulting from such prepayment. Any Advance or any portion thereof, once prepaid or repaid, may not be reborrowed without the prior written consent of the Lenders.
(c)    The Borrower shall pay interest on the outstanding principal amount of the Advances made under any Term Loan Series at the Term Loan Series Rate for such Term Loan Series. Interest is payable on each Payment Date.
(d)    If any amount payable by the Borrower under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document is not paid when due, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, such amount shall thereafter bear interest at a rate per annum equal to 2.0% per annum plus the Term Loan Series Rate applicable to such amount (or if such amount relates to more than one Term Loan Series, the highest Term Loan Series Rate applicable thereto). Upon the request of the Majority Lenders, while any Event of Default exists, the Borrower shall pay interest on the principal amount of all Advances outstanding hereunder at a rate per annum equal to 2.0% per annum plus the Term Loan Series Rate applicable to such Advances.
(e)    All computations of interest and all computations of Term Loan Series Rate and other fees hereunder shall be made on the basis of a year of 360 days for the actual number of days (including the first but excluding the last day) elapsed.
(f)    A determination by the Majority Lenders of the existence of any Eurodollar Disruption Event (any such determination to be communicated to the Borrower by written notice from the Administrative Agent promptly after the Administrative Agent receives notice of such event from the Majority Lenders), or of the effect of any Eurodollar Disruption Event on its making or maintaining Advances at LIBOR, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.
(g)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time the interest rate applicable to any Advance, together with all fees, charges and other amounts that are treated as interest on such Advance under Applicable Law (collectively, “charges”), exceed the maximum lawful rate (the “Maximum Rate”) that may be contracted for, charged, taken, received or reserved by the Lender holding such Advance in accordance with Applicable Law, the rate of interest payable in respect of such Advance hereunder, together with all charges payable in respect thereof, shall be limited to the Maximum Rate. To the extent lawful, the interest and charges that would have been paid in respect of such Advance but were not paid as a result of the operation of this Section 2.03(g) shall be cumulated and the interest and charges payable to such Lender in respect of other Advance or periods shall be increased (but not above the amount collectible at the Maximum Rate therefor) until such cumulated amount shall have been received by such Lender. Any amount collected by such Lender that exceeds the maximum amount collectible at the Maximum Rate shall be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of such Advance or refunded to the Borrower so that at no time shall the interest and charges paid or payable in respect of such Advance exceed the maximum amount collectible at the Maximum Rate.
SECTION 2.04    Continuation of Advances. Subject to Sections 2.12 and 2.14, each LIBOR Advance shall be automatically continued in whole to the next applicable LIBOR Period upon the expiration of the then current LIBOR Period with respect thereto.
SECTION 2.05    Remittance Procedures. On each Payment Date, the Servicer, on behalf of the Borrower, shall instruct the Account Bank to apply funds on deposit in the Collection Account as described in this Section 2.05; provided that, at any time after delivery of Notice of Exclusive Control, the Administrative Agent shall instruct the Account Bank to apply funds on deposit in the Collection Account as described in this Section 2.05.
(a)    Interest Collection Payments. So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Servicer (on behalf of the Borrower) shall (as directed pursuant to the first paragraph of this Section 2.05) instruct the Account Bank to transfer Interest Collections with respect to any Term Loan Series held by the Account Bank in the Collection Account, in accordance with the Servicing Report, to the following Persons in the following amounts, calculated as of the most recent Determination Date, in the following order and priority:
(i)    first, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Custodian, the Servicer and the Account Bank, in payment in full of all accrued fees, expenses and indemnities due hereunder or under any other Transaction Document and under the Fee Letters (including the Servicing Fee);
(ii)    second, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Lender, to pay such Lender’s ratable portion of accrued and unpaid interest of Advances Outstanding across all Term Loan Series then outstanding owing to such Lender under this Agreement;
(iii)    third, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Secured Party to pay expenses, fees and indemnities, in each case, which are then due and payable to such Secured Parties under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents; and
(iv)    fourth, to the Equityholder or as the Equityholder may direct, any remaining amounts.
(b)    Principal Collection Payments. So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, and subject to Section 2.05(f), the Servicer (on behalf of the Borrower) shall (as directed pursuant to the first paragraph of this Section 2.05) instruct the Account Bank to transfer Principal Collections with respect to any Term Loan Series held by the Account Bank in the Collection Account, in accordance with the Servicing Report, to the following Persons in the following amounts, calculated as of the most recent Determination Date, in the following order and priority:
(i)    first, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the appropriate Person to pay amounts due under Section 2.05(a)(i) but not paid thereunder;
(ii)    second, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the appropriate Person to pay amounts due under Section 2.05(a)(ii) but not paid thereunder;
(iii)    third, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the appropriate Secured Parties to pay amounts due under Section 2.05(a)(iii) but not paid thereunder;
(iv)    fourth, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Lender, to repay such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of the Advances Outstanding of the Term Loan Series related to the Loan Asset to which the applicable Principal Collection relates, in each case, until paid in full (it being understood and agreed that such amount may be only a portion of the outstanding amount with respect to such Advance); and
(v)    fifth, to the Equityholder or as the Equityholder may direct, any remaining amounts.
(c)    Payment Date Transfers Upon the Occurrence of the Final Maturity Date. After the occurrence of the Final Maturity Date for any Term Loan Series (by declaration, automatic occurrence or otherwise), so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, and subject to Section 2.05(f), the Servicer (on behalf of the Borrower) shall (as directed pursuant to the first paragraph of this Section 2.05) instruct the Account Bank to transfer all Collections with respect to such Term Loan Series held by the Account Bank in the Collection Account, in accordance with the Servicing Report, to the following Persons in the following amounts, calculated as of the most recent Determination Date, in the following order and priority:
(i)    first, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the appropriate Person to pay amounts due under Sections 2.05(a)(i) and 2.05(b)(i) but not paid thereunder;
(ii)    second, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the appropriate Person to pay amounts due under Section 2.05(a)(ii) but not paid thereunder;
(iii)    third, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the appropriate Secured Party to pay amounts due under Section 2.05(a)(iii) but not paid thereunder;
(iv)    fourth, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to the appropriate Person to pay amounts due under Section 2.05(b)(iv) but not paid thereunder;
(v)    fifth, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Lender, to repay such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of the Advances Outstanding of such Term Loan Series until paid in full;
(vi)    sixth, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Secured Party to pay any other Obligations due and payable to such Persons (other than with respect to the repayment of Advances made under another Term Loan Series and not then due and payable) under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents; and
(vii)    seventh, to the Equityholder or as the Equityholder may direct, any remaining amounts.
(d)    Insufficiency of Funds. The parties hereby agree that if the funds on deposit in the Collection Account are insufficient to pay any amounts due and payable on a Payment Date or otherwise, the Borrower shall nevertheless remain responsible for, and shall pay when due, all amounts payable under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, together with interest accrued as set forth in Section 2.03(d) from the date when due until paid hereunder.
(e)    Application of Payments after an Event of Default. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Administrative Agent may (and at the direction of the Majority Lenders shall) instruct the Account Bank to transfer all Collections in the Collection Account as instructed by the Administrative Agent to be applied in the following order and priority:
(i)    first, for distribution to the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Custodian, the Servicer and the Account Bank, in payment in full of all accrued fees, indemnities and expenses due hereunder or under any other Transaction Document and under the Fee Letters;
(ii)    second, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Secured Party to pay any Obligations then due and payable to such Persons (other than with respect to interest or the repayment of Advances) under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents;
(iii)    third, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Lender, to pay such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of accrued and unpaid interest owing to such Lender under this Agreement;
(iv)    fourth, to the Administrative Agent for distribution to each Lender, to repay such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of the Advances Outstanding of all Term Loan Series until paid in full; and
(v)    fifth, the balance, if any, after all obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full, to the Borrower or as otherwise required by Applicable Law.
provided that, (i) once any such Event of Default is no longer continuing, this subsection (e) shall no longer apply and all funds on deposit in the Collection Account shall be applied in the order set forth in subsections (a) through (c) of this Section 2.05, as applicable, including payments due to the Equityholder and (ii) all payments made in accordance with this Section 2.05(e) shall be made across all Term Loan Series then outstanding on a ratable basis prior to a Lender receiving its Pro Rata Share. It is hereby understood and agreed that the Administrative Agent may deliver a Notice of Exclusive Control to the Account Bank after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default until such Event of Default is no longer continuing.
(f)    Application of Payments after Occurrence of Underlying Obligor Default. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Underlying Obligor Default, unless such Underlying Obligor Default is cured on the terms set forth below, all funds on deposit in the Collection Account constituting Principal Collections shall be applied in the order set forth in Section 2.05(b) and 2.05(c) with the exception that any payments due to the Equityholder thereunder shall not be made to the extent that the aggregate amount of the Outstanding Principal Balances for all Term Loan Series (adjusted as described in this Section 2.05(f)) at such time plus all amounts on deposit in the Collection Account constituting Principal Collections at such time is not at least equal to the product of (x) the aggregate amount of Advances Outstanding for all Term Loan Series under this Agreement at such time and (y) 1.1. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Underlying Obligor Default has occurred and is continuing but sufficient funds have been held in the Collection Account to rebalance the amount of Outstanding Principal Balances as described above, application of Principal Collections shall revert to the application prescribed in subsections (b) and (c) above and payments due to the Equityholder shall resume. If any such Underlying Obligor Default is cured (provided that any such Underlying Obligor Default may only be cured with the consent of the Lenders), this subsection (f) shall no longer apply and all funds on deposit in the Collection Account shall be applied in the order set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of this Section 2.05, including payments due to the Equityholder. For purposes other than those set forth in this Section 2.05(f), at any time an Underlying Obligor Default has occurred and is continuing, each Borrowing Base that includes a Loan Asset for which the Underlying Obligor Default has occurred shall be reduced by the Excluded Asset Amount for such Loan Asset. It is hereby understood and agreed that the Administrative Agent may deliver a Notice of Exclusive Control to the Account Bank after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default until such Event of Default is no longer continuing.
SECTION 2.06    Instructions to the Account Bank. All instructions and directions given to the Account Bank by the Servicer, the Borrower or the Administrative Agent (as applicable) pursuant to Section 2.05 shall be in writing (including instructions and directions transmitted to the Account Bank by telecopy or e-mail). The Servicer and the Borrower shall transmit to the Administrative Agent by telecopy or e-mail a copy of all instructions and directions given to the Account Bank by such party pursuant to Section 2.05 concurrently with the delivery thereof. The Administrative Agent shall transmit to the Servicer and the Borrower by telecopy or e-mail a copy of all instructions and directions given to the Account Bank by the Administrative Agent, pursuant to Section 2.05 concurrently with the delivery thereof.
SECTION 2.07    Sale of Loan Assets; Affiliate Transactions.
(a)    Sales. The Borrower may sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of any Loan Asset (a “Sale”) so long as (i) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or would result from such Sale, and no event has occurred and is continuing, or would result from such Sale, which constitutes an Unmatured Event of Default, (ii) the net cash proceeds from such Sale are deposited in the Collection Account and (iii) the conditions set forth in Section 2.07(c) for such Sale are satisfied.
(b)    Release of Lien. Upon confirmation by the Administrative Agent of the deposit of the amounts set forth in Section 2.07(a) in cash into the Collection Account and the fulfillment of the other terms and conditions set forth in this Section 2.07 for a Sale (such date of fulfillment, a “Release Date”), then the Loan Assets and related Portfolio Assets subject of such Sale shall be removed from the Collateral Portfolio. Subject to compliance by the Borrower with the immediately prior sentence, on the Release Date of each subject Loan Asset and related Portfolio Assets, the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, shall automatically and without further action be deemed to have released all right, title and interest and any Lien of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties in, to and under such Loan Asset and related Portfolio Assets and all future monies due or to become due with respect thereto, without recourse, representation or warranty of any kind or nature.
(c)    Conditions to Sales. Any Sale of a Loan Asset is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions (as certified in writing to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower):
(i)    the Borrower shall deliver a Borrowing Base Certificate for the applicable Term Loan Series to the Administrative Agent in connection with (and reflecting) such Sale and the aggregate Advances Outstanding for the applicable Term Loan Series (after giving effect to repayments made in connection with such Sale) do not exceed the Maximum Availability for such Term Loan Series;
(ii)    the Borrower shall deliver a list of all Loan Assets to be subject of a Sale and for each such Loan Asset, identify the Term Loan Series for which such Loan was included in the Borrowing Base with respect thereto or acquired with Advances made thereunder;
(iii)    the Borrower shall give ten Business Days’ notice of such Sale;
(iv)    the Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent of any amount to be deposited into the Collection Account in connection with any Sale;
(v)    any repayment of Advances Outstanding in connection with any Sale hereunder shall comply with the requirements set forth in Section 2.14; and
(vi)    the net cash consideration in connection with such sale shall equal at least 97% of the Outstanding Principal Balance of the Loan Asset subject to such sale.
(d)    Affiliate Transactions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein or in any other Transaction Document, the Borrower shall not Sell Loan Assets to the Equityholder or to Affiliates of the Equityholder, and no Transferor nor any Affiliates thereof will have a right or ability to purchase any Loan Asset, unless (i) such transfer is pursuant to (and in compliance with the terms, conditions and requirements set forth in) Section 2.07 hereof, and (ii) to the extent any Loan Asset is sold for less than the Outstanding Underlying Adjusted Loan Balance thereof in cash, such sale has been consummated on an arms’ length basis.
SECTION 2.08    Payments and Computations, Etc.
(a)    All amounts to be paid or deposited by the Servicer from amounts received on the Loan Assets on the Borrower’s behalf, hereunder and in accordance with this Agreement shall be paid or deposited in accordance with the terms hereof so that funds are received by the Lenders no later than 2:00 p.m. on the day when due in lawful money of the United States in immediately available funds to the account specified in writing by the applicable Lender to the Servicer or such other account as is designated by the Administrative Agent. Any Obligation hereunder shall not be reduced by any distribution of any portion of Available Collections if at any time such distribution is rescinded or required to be returned by any Lender to the Borrower or any other Person for any reason.
(b)    Other than as otherwise set forth herein, whenever any payment hereunder shall be stated to be due on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day and such extension of time is reflected in the computation of interest and fees.
(c)    To the extent that any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower is made to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, or the Administrative Agent or any Lender exercises its right of setoff, and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Administrative Agent or such Lender in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law or otherwise, then (i) to the extent of such recovery, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred, and (ii) each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent upon demand its applicable share (without duplication) of any amount so recovered from or repaid by the Administrative Agent.
SECTION 2.09    Taxes.
(a)    All payments made by an Obligor in respect of a Loan Asset and all payments made by the Borrower or, at the direction of the Borrower, made by the Servicer from the Collection Account on behalf of the Borrower (to the extent amounts are available in the Collection Account) under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document will be made free and clear of and without deduction or withholding for or on account of any Taxes, except as required by Applicable Law. If any Taxes are required by Applicable Law to be withheld from any amounts payable to any Indemnified Party, then the amount payable to such Person will be increased (the amount of such increase, the “Additional Amount”) such that every net payment made under this Agreement after withholding for or on account of any Taxes (including, without limitation, any Taxes on such increase) is not less than the amount that would have been paid had no such deduction or withholding been made. Any amounts deducted or withheld pursuant to this Section 2.09(a) will be timely paid by the Borrower or Servicer to the applicable Governmental Authority in accordance with Applicable Law. The foregoing obligation to pay Additional Amounts with respect to payments required to be made by the Borrower (or Servicer on Borrower’s behalf, solely as provided in this clause (a), and at all times subject to Section 2.09(c)) under this Agreement will not, however, apply with respect to Excluded Taxes.
(b)    The Borrower will indemnify each Indemnified Party for (i) the full amount of Taxes (other than Excluded Taxes) payable by such Person in respect of, or required to be withheld from, payments made by or on behalf of the Borrower hereunder, including Taxes imposed or assessed on or attributable to Additional Amounts, and (ii) to the extent not described in clause (i), Other Taxes, payable by such Person, in each case, and any liability (including penalties, interest and expenses) arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. All payments in respect of this indemnification shall be made within 15 days from the date a written invoice therefor is delivered to the Borrower, with a copy to the Servicer.
(c)    Within 15 days after the date of any payment by the Borrower or, at the direction of the Borrower, by the Servicer from the Collection Account on behalf of the Borrower (to the extent amounts are available in the Collection Account) to the applicable Governmental Authority of any Taxes pursuant to this Sections 2.09 and 11.07(b), the Borrower or the Servicer, as applicable, will furnish to the Administrative Agent at the applicable address set forth on this Agreement, the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent to the extent received by Servicer or Borrower, as applicable. For the avoidance of doubt, in no case or circumstance is the Servicer liable to pay any Taxes, and if it pays any such amounts, it will solely be on behalf of the Borrower, from the Collection Account to the extent amounts are available therein.
(d)    Each Lender (including any assignee thereof) that is not a “United States person” within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code (a “Non‑U.S. Lender”) shall deliver to the Borrower and the Servicer two properly completed and duly executed copies of whichever (if any) of the following is applicable for claiming complete exemption from, or a reduced rate of, U.S. federal withholding tax on any payment by the Borrower under this Agreement: (i) U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (claiming the benefits of an applicable tax treaty), W-8IMY, W-8EXP or W-8ECI, or (ii) in the case of a Non‑U.S. Lender claiming exemption from U.S. federal withholding tax under Section 871(h) or 881(c) of the Code with respect to payments of “portfolio interest” a statement substantially in the form of Exhibit M to the effect that such Lender is eligible for a complete exemption from withholding of U.S. taxes under Section 871(h) or 881(c) of the Code (a “Tax Compliance Certificate”) and a Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, in each case (x) with any required attachments (including, with respect to any Lender that provides an U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-8IMY, any of the forms or other documentation described in clauses (i) and (ii) for any of the direct or indirect owners of such Lender) and (y) any subsequent versions thereof or successors thereto. In addition, each Lender (including any assignee thereof) that is not a Non-U.S. Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Servicer two copies of U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9, properly completed and duly executed and claiming complete exemption, or shall otherwise establish an exemption, from U.S. backup withholding. Such forms shall be delivered by each Lender on or before the date it becomes a party to this Agreement. In addition, each Lender shall deliver such forms promptly upon receiving notice of the obsolescence, expiration or invalidity of any form previously delivered by such Lender. Each Lender shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Servicer at any time it determines that it is no longer in a position to provide any previously delivered certificate to the Borrower or the Servicer (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. taxing authorities for such purpose). Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, a Lender shall not be required to deliver any form pursuant to this paragraph that such Lender is not legally able to deliver. Midland is entitled to withhold all amounts required to be withheld by Applicable Law from any payment hereunder to any Lender until such Lender shall have furnished to the Servicer any requested forms, certificates, statements or documents. For the purposes of this Section 2.09(d), “Lender” shall include any other recipients of payments on the Collateral as directed by any Lender to Midland.
(e)    A Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which the Borrower is located, or any treaty to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments under this Agreement shall deliver to the Borrower and the Servicer, at the time or times prescribed by applicable law and reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Servicer, such properly completed and executed documentation or information prescribed by applicable law as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate (or otherwise permit the Borrower and the Servicer to determine the applicable rate of withholding), provided that such Lender is legally entitled to complete, execute and deliver such documentation and in such Lender’s reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would not subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would not materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender. If a payment made to a Lender under any Transaction Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Servicer at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or Servicer such documentation prescribed by law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or Servicer as may be necessary for the Borrower and Servicer to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount, if any, to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this clause (e), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement.
(f)    If any Lender determines, in its sole discretion, that it has received a refund of any Taxes for which it was indemnified by the Borrower, or the Servicer on behalf of the Borrower, in each case, pursuant to this Section 2.09 or with respect to which the Borrower or the Servicer on behalf of the Borrower, in each case, has paid Additional Amounts pursuant to this Section 2.09, it shall pay to the Borrower or the Servicer, as applicable, an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by the Borrower or the Servicer on behalf of the Borrower, in each case, under this Section 2.09 with respect to the Taxes or Additional Amounts giving rise to such refund), net of all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including additional Taxes, if any) of such Lender, as the case may be, incurred in obtaining such refund, and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund). The Borrower, upon the request of such Lender, shall repay to such Lender the amount paid over pursuant to this Section 2.09(f) (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) in the event that such Lender is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.09(f), in no event will the Lender be required to pay any amount to the Borrower pursuant to this Section 2.09(f) the payment of which would place the Lender in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the Lender would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This paragraph shall not be construed to require any Lender to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the Borrower or any other Person.
(g)    Without prejudice to the survival of any other agreement of the Borrower hereunder, the agreements and obligations of the Borrower contained in this Section 2.09 shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 2.10    Grant of a Security Interest. To secure the prompt, complete and indefeasible payment in full when due, whether by lapse of time, acceleration or otherwise, of the Obligations and the performance by the Borrower of all of the covenants and obligations to be performed by such party pursuant to this Agreement and each other Transaction Document, whether now or hereafter existing, due or to become due, direct or indirect, or absolute or contingent, (i) the Borrower hereby grants a security interest to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in all of the Borrower’s right, title and interest in, to and under (but none of the obligations under) the following, whether now owned or hereinafter acquired (collectively, the “Collateral”): (a) all accounts, money, cash and currency, chattel paper, tangible chattel paper, electronic chattel paper, intellectual property, goods, equipment, fixtures, contract rights, general intangibles, documents, instruments, certificates of deposit, certificated securities, uncertificated securities, financial assets, securities entitlements, commercial tort claims, securities accounts, deposit accounts, inventory, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, software, supporting obligations, accessions or other property consisting of the Loan Assets, related Portfolio Assets and Collections (but excluding the obligations thereunder); (b) all Records; (c) all Proceeds of the foregoing; (d) the Collection Account; and (e) all proceeds and products of the foregoing and (ii) Holdings hereby grants a security interest to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in all of Holding’s right, title and interest in and to, whether now owned or hereinafter acquired, (a) all investment property and general intangibles consisting of the ownership, equity or other similar interests in the Borrower, including shares of capital stock, limited liability company membership interests and partnership interests, (b) all certificates, instruments, writings and securities evidencing the foregoing, (c) the operating agreements or other organizational documents of the Borrower and all options or other rights to acquire any capital stock, membership or other interests under such operating agreements or other organizational documents, (d) all dividends, distributions, capital, profits and surplus and other property or proceeds from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of the foregoing, (e) all books, records and other written, electronic or other documentation in whatever form maintained now or hereafter by or for Holdings in connection with, and relating to, the ownership of, or evidencing or containing information relating to, the foregoing and (f) all proceeds, supporting obligations and products of any of the foregoing and all collateral security and guarantees given by any Person with respect to any of the foregoing (the “Pledged Equity”). For the avoidance of doubt, the Collateral and Collateral Portfolio shall not include any Delayed Draw Amounts, and the Borrower does not hereby assign, pledge or grant a security interest in any such amounts. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, (a) the Borrower shall remain liable under the Collateral Portfolio and the Collateral to the extent set forth therein to perform all of its duties and obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (b) the exercise by the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, of any of its rights in the Collateral Portfolio, Collateral or the Pledged Equity shall not release the Borrower or Holdings from any of its duties or obligations under the Collateral Portfolio, the Collateral or with respect to the Pledged Equity, and (c) none of the Administrative Agent, any Lender (nor its successors and assigns) nor any Secured Party shall have any obligations or liability under the Collateral Portfolio or Collateral by reason of this Agreement, nor shall the Administrative Agent, any Lender (nor its successors and assigns) nor any Secured Party be obligated to perform any of the obligations or duties of the Borrower thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce any claim for payment assigned hereunder.
SECTION 2.11    Evidence of Debt. The Administrative Agent shall maintain, solely for this purpose as the agent of the Borrower, at its address referred to in Section 11.02 a copy of each Assignment and Assumption Agreement delivered to and accepted by it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, the Commitments of, and principal amounts of (and stated interest on) the Advances owing to each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and each Lender shall treat each person whose name is recorded in the Register as a Lender under this Agreement for all purposes of this Agreement. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower or any Lender at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each participant and the principal amounts of (and stated interest on) each participant’s interest in the loans or other obligations under the Transaction Documents (the “Participant Register”); provided that (i) no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any participant or any information relating to a participant's interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Transaction Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations and (ii) the Administrative Agent shall have no liability or obligation to make determinations with respect to the rights of Participants hereunder. The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary
SECTION 2.12    Release of Loan Assets.
(a)    The Borrower may obtain the release from the Lien of the Administrative Agent granted under the Transaction Documents of (i) any Loan Asset (and the related Portfolio Assets pertaining thereto) removed from the Collateral Portfolio in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 2.07, and (ii) any Loan Asset (and the related Portfolio Assets pertaining thereto) that terminates or expires by its terms and for which all amounts in respect thereof have been paid in full by the related Obligors and deposited in the Collection Account. The Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, shall at the sole expense of the Borrower, execute such documents and instruments of release as may be prepared by the Servicer on behalf of the Borrower, give notice of such release to the Collateral Custodian (in the form of Exhibit I) (unless the Collateral Custodian and Administrative Agent are the same Person) and take other such actions as shall reasonably be requested by the Borrower to effect such release of the Lien created pursuant to this Agreement. Upon receiving such notification by the Administrative Agent as described in the immediately preceding sentence, if applicable, the Collateral Custodian shall deliver the Loan Asset File to the Servicer, who shall deliver such Loan Asset File to the Borrower.
(b)    Promptly after the Facility Termination Date, the Liens of the Administrative Agent (and to the extent that the Borrower identifies Liens held by such Persons, any Lender) granted under the Transaction Documents shall be automatically released, for no consideration but at the sole expense of the Borrower, free and clear of any Lien resulting solely from an act by the Administrative Agent (and to the extent that the Borrower identifies Liens held by such Persons, any Lender) under the Transaction Documents, but without any representation or warranty, express or implied, by or recourse against the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, any Lender or the Administrative Agent, and the Administrative Agent shall promptly execute evidence of any such release as the Borrower may prepare and present, at the sole expense of the Borrower.
SECTION 2.13    Treatment of Amounts Deposited in the Collection Account. Amounts deposited by the Borrower or the Servicer in the Collection Account pursuant to Section 2.07 on account of Loan Assets shall be treated as payments of Principal Collections for purposes of Section 2.05 and shall be applied a provided in Section 2.05(c).
SECTION 2.14    Mandatory and Voluntary Prepayments; Termination.
(a)    Unless an agreement is reached otherwise with respect to any Potential Repayment Event or consent is not obtained with respect to a Material Modification, each as provided in Section 5.01(e), the Borrower shall prepay the applicable Advances Outstanding of the Term Loan Series related to the Loan Asset subject to such Potential Repayment Event or Material Modification in full within five Business Days of notice thereof to the Borrower from the Lenders (with a copy to the Administrative Agent).
(b)    Advances may be prepaid in whole or in part at the option of the Borrower at any time by delivering a Notice of Reduction (which notice shall include a Borrowing Base Certificate) to the Administrative Agent at least five Business Days prior to such prepayment (it being understood and agreed that the Borrower shall not use the proceeds of an Advance or Sale of assets under one Term Loan Series to voluntarily prepay another Term Loan Series). Upon any prepayment of Advances Outstanding under any Term Loan Series, the Borrower shall also pay in full any applicable Prepayment Premium and accrued and unpaid interest and all costs and expenses of the Secured Parties related to such Advances. The Administrative Agent or Servicer shall apply amounts received from the Borrower pursuant to this Section 2.14(b) to the pro rata payment of all accrued and unpaid interest with respect to such Advances and all costs and expenses of the Secured Parties related to such Advances until paid in full and thereafter to prepay the Advances Outstanding under such Term Loan Series. To the extent all Advances under any Term Loan Series are prepaid in full in accordance with the terms hereof, the Borrower may terminate such Term Loan Series simultaneously with the prepayment thereof.
(c)    The Borrower may, at its option, terminate this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents upon 30 Business Days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent and upon payment in full of all Advances Outstanding under each Term Loan Series, all accrued and unpaid interest, all accrued and unpaid fees, costs and expenses of the Secured Parties and payment in full of all other Obligations. The Administrative Agent shall give prompt notice of any termination of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to the Lenders. The Majority Lenders may, at their option, terminate this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents upon 30 Business Days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, provided that all Advances Outstanding under each Term Loan Series have been paid in full and the Borrower has not requested a new Term Loan Series to be established in the 18 months prior to such date that termination is requested. Any termination of this Agreement shall be subject to Section 11.05, Section 11.07, and payment of all accrued and unpaid interest, all accrued and unpaid fees, costs and expenses of the Secured Parties and payment in full of all other Obligations (other than contingent obligations not then due and payable).
SECTION 2.15    Collections and Allocations.
(a)    The Servicer shall direct any agent or administrative agent for any Loan Asset (except for Loan Assets that are actively cash managed and/or have a separate lockbox for payments pursuant to the terms of the related Loan Asset documents) to remit all Collections with respect to such Loan Asset, and, if applicable, to direct the Obligors with respect to such Loan Asset to remit all Collections with respect to such Loan Asset directly to the Servicer Clearing Account. The Borrower and the Servicer shall take commercially reasonable steps to confirm that only funds constituting Collections relating to Loan Assets shall be deposited into the Collection Account.
(b)    Upon receipt of Collections in the Servicer Clearing Account, the Servicer shall promptly identify any Collections received as being on account of Interest Collections, Principal Collections, other Available Collections or Excluded Amounts and shall transfer, or cause to be transferred, all Available Collections received directly by it to the Collection Account by the close of business two Business Days after such Collections are received in the Servicer Clearing Account. The Servicer shall hold for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, all Available Collections until so deposited in the Collection Account. The Servicer shall further include a statement as to the amount of Principal Collections, Interest Collections and Excluded Amounts on deposit in the Collection Account on each Reporting Date in the Servicing Report delivered pursuant to Section 6.08(b).
(c)    The Borrower shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, deposit all Available Collections received by the Borrower or its Affiliates with respect to the Collateral Portfolio to the Collection Account within two Business Days after receipt and shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, hold in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, all such Available Collections until so deposited.
(d)    Within two Business Days of the Cut-Off Date with respect to any Loan Asset, the Servicer will deposit into the Collection Account all Available Collections received in respect of such Loan Asset.
(e)    Notwithstanding the fact that Excluded Amounts are part of the Collateral Portfolio and constitute Loan Assets, prior to the delivery of a Notice of Exclusive Control by the Administrative Agent to the Servicer and Account Bank, the Servicer may (on behalf of the Borrower) withdraw from the Collection Account any deposits thereto constituting Excluded Amounts if the Servicer has, prior to such withdrawal, identified to the Administrative Agent the calculation of such Excluded Amounts. After the delivery of a Notice of Exclusive Control, the Administrative Agent may withdraw from the Collection Account any deposits therein constituting Excluded Amounts.
(f)    Until the Facility Termination Date, the Borrower shall not have any rights of withdrawal, with respect to amounts held in the Collection Account.
(g)    The Servicer shall notify the Borrower and Initial Lender in writing of the location and account number of each Escrow Account it establishes and shall notify the Borrower prior to any change thereof. Withdrawals of amounts from an Escrow Account may be made, subject to any express provisions to the contrary herein, applicable laws and to the terms of the related Loan Agreements governing the use of the Escrow Payments, only: (i) to effect payment of taxes, assessments, insurance premiums, ground rents and other items required or permitted to be paid from escrow by such Loan Agreements; (ii) to refund to the Obligors any sums determined to be in excess of the amounts required to be deposited therein; (iii) to pay interest, if required under the applicable Loan Agreements, to the Obligors on balances in the Escrow Accounts; provided, however Midland will not be responsible for paying a rate in excess of a reasonable and customary rate earned on similar accounts; (iv) to apply funds to the indebtedness of the applicable Loan Asset in accordance with the terms of the related Loan Agreement; (v) to withdraw any amount deposited in the Escrow Accounts which was not required to be deposited therein; or (vi) to clear and terminate the Escrow Accounts after the Facility Termination Date.
SECTION 2.16    Extension of Scheduled Maturity Date. The Borrower may extend the applicable date set forth in the definition of “Scheduled Maturity Date” for any Term Loan Series for one additional period of two years (“Extension”) so long as (i) the Borrower has given written notice of such election to the Administrative Agent (who shall promptly notify the Lenders) not less than 10 Business Days prior to the Scheduled Maturity Date, (ii) no Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would occur as a result of the Extension and (iii) the representations and warranties contained in Sections 4.01, 4.02 and 4.06 are true and correct in all material respects on the date of such request and the Scheduled Maturity Date being extended (or, in the case of any such representation or warranty expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, as of such specific date). During the period of any Extension, (a) no new Advances will be required to be made under the applicable Term Loan Series, (b) the applicable provisions of the Letter Agreement for such Term Loan Series shall apply with respect thereto and (c) no distributions shall be made to the Equityholder under Section 2.05(b) with respect to the applicable Term Loan Series during such Extension until the applicable Term Loan Series is paid in full. In connection with an Extension, the Scheduled Maturity Date for the applicable Term Loan Series shall be automatically extended as provided above and in conformance with Section 11.01(b).
SECTION 2.17    Increased Costs.
(a)    If any Change in Law shall:
(i)    impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender;
(ii)    subject any Lender to any Taxes (other than Taxes indemnified under Section 2.09 (including Other Taxes) or Excluded Taxes) on its Advances, commitments or other obligations, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto; or
(iii)    impose on any Lender or the London interbank market any other condition, cost or expense (other than Taxes) affecting this Agreement or Advances made by such Lender;
and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making, continuing or maintaining any Advance or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Advance or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender hereunder (whether of principal, interest or any other amount) then, upon request of such Lender, the Borrower will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered.
(b)    If any Lender determines that any Change in Law affecting such Lender or any lending office of such Lender or such Lender’s holding company, if any, regarding capital or liquidity requirements, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s capital or on the capital of such Lender’s holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Commitments of such Lender or the Advances made by such Lender to a level below that which such Lender or such Lender’s holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lender’s policies and the policies of such Lender’s holding company with respect to capital adequacy), then from time to time the Borrower will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such Lender’s holding company for any such reduction suffered.
(c)    A certificate of a Lender Bank setting forth the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or its holding company, as the case may be, as specified in Section 2.17(a) or (b) and delivered to the Borrower, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrower shall pay such Lender the amount shown as due on any such certificate within 10 days after receipt thereof.
(d)    Failure or delay on the part of any Lender to demand compensation pursuant to this Section 2.17 shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s right to demand such compensation; provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender pursuant to this Section 2.17 for any increased costs incurred or reductions suffered more than nine months prior to the date that such Lender notifies the Borrower of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions, and of such Lender’s intention to claim compensation therefor (except that, if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the nine-month period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof).
ARTICLE III.    
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
SECTION 3.01    Conditions Precedent to Effectiveness.
(a)    This Agreement shall be effective upon, and no Lender shall be obligated to make any Advance hereunder from and after the Closing Date, nor shall any Lender, the Collateral Custodian, the Servicer, the Account Bank or the Administrative Agent be obligated to take, fulfill or perform any other action hereunder, until, the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:
(i)    this Agreement, all other Transaction Documents and all other agreements and opinions of counsel listed on Schedule I hereto or counterparts hereof or thereof shall have been duly executed by, and delivered to, the parties hereto and thereto;
(ii)    all up-front expenses and fees (including reasonable legal fees and any fees required under the Fee Letters) that are required to be paid hereunder or by the Fee Letters and are invoiced at least three Business Days prior to the Closing Date shall have been paid in full;
(iii)    the representations and warranties contained in Sections 4.01, 4.02 and 4.06 are true and correct (as certified by the Borrower);
(iv)    the Borrower has received all material governmental, shareholder and third party consents and approvals necessary (or any other material consents as determined in the reasonable discretion of the Lenders) in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and all applicable waiting periods shall have expired without any action being taken by any Person that could reasonably be expected to restrain, prevent or impose any material adverse conditions on the Borrower or such other transactions or that could seek or threaten any of the foregoing, and no law or regulation shall be applicable which in the reasonable judgment of the Lenders could reasonably be expected to have such effect;
(v)    no action, proceeding or investigation shall have been instituted, threatened or proposed before any Governmental Authority to enjoin, restrain, or prohibit, or to obtain substantial damages in respect of, or which is related to or arises out of this Agreement or the other Transaction or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or which, in the Lenders’ sole discretion, would make it inadvisable to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby; and
(vi)    the Administrative Agent shall have received all documentation and other information requested by the Administrative Agent acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders or required by regulatory authorities with respect to the Borrower and the Servicer under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the USA PATRIOT Act, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
SECTION 3.02    Conditions Precedent to the Initial Advance and All Advances. Each Advance under any Term Loan Series (including the Initial Advance on the Initial Advance Date, except as explicitly set forth below) to the Borrower from the Lenders under such Term Loan Series shall be subject to the further conditions precedent that:
(a)    As of the Initial Advance Date, the following conditions precedent shall have been satisfied (in addition to those conditions precedent set forth in Section 3.02(b)):
(i)    the Collection Account has been established pursuant to the Collection Account Agreement; and
(ii)    the Borrower has a valid ownership interest in the agreed-upon initial pool of Eligible Loan Assets (as set forth in Schedule II to the Letter Agreement as of the Closing Date) and all actions required to be taken or performed under Section 3.04 with respect to the Transfer of such Eligible Loan Assets has been taken or satisfied.
(b)    On the Advance Date of an Advance under any Term Loan Series, the following statements shall be true and correct, and the Borrower by accepting any amount of such Advance shall be deemed to have certified that:
(i)    if requested, the Initial Lender shall have received a duly executed copy of its Term Loan Note relating to the Term Loan Series under which such Advance is to be made;
(ii)    the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a Notice of Borrowing and a Borrowing Base Certificate as provided in Section 2.02(b);
(iii)    on and as of such Advance Date, after giving effect to such Advance and the transactions related thereto, including the use of proceeds thereof, the Advances Outstanding under such Term Loan Series does not exceed the Maximum Availability for such Term Loan Series on such Advance Date;
(iv)    no Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or would result from such Advance or application of proceeds therefrom;
(v)    the representations and warranties contained in Sections 4.01, 4.02 and 4.06 are true and correct in all material respects before and after giving effect to such Advance and to the application of proceeds therefrom, on and as of such day as though made on and as of such date (or, in the case of any such representation or warranty expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, as of such specific date);
(vi)    such Advance Date is prior to the applicable Commitment Termination Date (for the avoidance of doubt, the Commitment Termination Date shall include any longer period as agreed between the Borrower and the Lenders with respect to any Delayed Draw Loan Asset);
(vii)    with respect to the Transfer of any Loan Asset on such Advance Date, all actions required to be taken or performed under Section 3.04 with respect to such Transfer have been taken or satisfied; and
(viii)    all expenses and fees (including reasonable legal fees and any fees required under the Fee Letters) that are required to be paid hereunder or by the Fee Letters shall have been paid in full.
(c)    On or prior to the Advance Date for any Advance, the Borrower shall have provided to the Administrative Agent and the Servicer (which may be provided electronically) the Loan Asset Schedule as updated to include each of the Eligible Loan Assets included in the Borrowing Base delivered in connection with such Advance.
SECTION 3.03    Advances Do Not Constitute a Waiver. No Advance made hereunder shall constitute a waiver of any condition to any Lender’s obligation to make such an Advance unless such waiver is in writing and executed by such Lender.
SECTION 3.04    Conditions to Transfers of Loan Assets. Each Transfer of a Loan Asset shall be subject to the further conditions precedent that:
(a)    the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent (with a copy to the Collateral Custodian) no later than 5:00 p.m. on the date that is five Business Days prior to the related Cut-Off Date: (A) a Borrowing Base Certificate, and (B) a Loan Asset Schedule, in each case reflecting the Transfer of such Loan Asset;
(b)    the Borrower shall have delivered to the Collateral Custodian the Loan Asset File for such Loan Asset;
(c)    all actions required to be taken or performed (including the filing of UCC financing statements) in order to give the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a first priority perfected security interest (subject only to Permitted Liens) in such Loan Asset and the Portfolio Assets related thereto and the proceeds thereof shall have been taken or performed; and
(d)    no Event of Default exists, or would result from such Transfer.
Each Transfer of a Loan Asset pursuant to this Section 3.04 shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Borrower that the conditions specified in this Section 3.04 have been met.
ARTICLE IV.    
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
SECTION 4.01    Representations and Warranties of the Borrower. The Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Secured Parties as follows:
(a)    Organization, Good Standing and Due Qualification. The Borrower is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with all requisite limited liability company power and authority necessary to own the Loan Assets and the Collateral Portfolio and to conduct its business as such business is presently conducted and to enter into and perform its obligations pursuant to this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party. The Borrower is duly qualified to do business as a limited liability company, and has obtained all licenses and approvals under the laws of the State of Delaware, and in all other jurisdictions necessary to own its assets and to transact the business in which it is engaged, and is duly qualified, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and in each other jurisdiction where the transaction of such business or its ownership of the Loan Assets and the Collateral Portfolio and the conduct of its business requires such qualification except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b)    Power and Authority; Due Authorization; Execution and Delivery. The Borrower (i) has the power, authority and legal right to (x) execute and deliver this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and (y) perform and carry out the terms of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the transactions contemplated thereby, and (ii) has taken all necessary action to (x) authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, (y) grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a first priority perfected security interest in the Collateral on the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, subject only to Permitted Liens, and (z) authorize Midland to perform the actions contemplated herein. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which the Borrower is a party have been duly executed and delivered by Holdings and the Borrower.
(c)    Binding Obligation. This Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which the Borrower is a party constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Borrower, enforceable against the Borrower in accordance with their respective terms, except as the enforceability hereof and thereof may be limited by Bankruptcy Laws and by general principles of equity.
(d)    All Consents Required. No consent of any other party and no consent, license, approval or authorization of, or registration or declaration with, any Governmental Authority, bureau or agency is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by the Borrower of this Agreement or any Transaction Document to which it is a party or the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any such Transaction Document or the transfer of an ownership interest in the Loan Assets or grant of a security interest in the Collateral, other than such as have been met or obtained and are in full force and effect.
(e)    No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and all other agreements and instruments executed and delivered or to be executed and delivered in connection with the Transfer of any Loan Asset will not (i) conflict with, result in any breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) a default under, the Borrower’s certificate of formation or limited liability company agreement (ii) result in the creation or imposition of any Lien on the Collateral other than Permitted Liens or (iii) violate any Applicable Law in any material respect or (iv) violate any contract or other agreement to which the Borrower is a party or by which the or any property or assets of the Borrower may be bound.
(f)    No Proceedings. There is no litigation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened against the Borrower or any properties of the Borrower, before any Governmental Authority (i) asserting the invalidity of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, (ii) seeking to prevent the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or (iii) that could reasonably be expected to be adversely determined, and, if so determined, either individually or in the aggregate would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect .
(g)    No Liens. The Collateral is owned by the Borrower free and clear of any Liens except for Permitted Liens.
(h)    Transfer of Collateral Portfolio. Except as otherwise expressly permitted by the terms of this Agreement, no item of Collateral Portfolio has been Sold, assigned or pledged by the Borrower to any Person, other than in accordance with Article II and the grant of a security interest therein to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
(i)    Sole Purpose. The Borrower has been formed solely for the purpose of engaging in transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and has not engaged in any business activity other than the type expressly permitted under Section 5.01(a). The Borrower is not party to any agreements other than this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the Required Loan Documents and other agreements listed on the Loan Asset Checklist for each Loan Asset in respect of which the Borrower is a lender.
(j)    Separate Entity. The Borrower is operated as an entity with assets and liabilities distinct from those of the Equityholder, and any Affiliates thereof, and the Borrower hereby acknowledges that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders are entering into the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in reliance upon the Borrower’s identity as a separate legal entity from the Equityholder, and from each such other Affiliate of the Equityholder.
(k)    No Injunctions. No injunction, writ, restraining order or other order of any nature adversely affects the Borrower’s performance of its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document to which the Borrower is a party.
(l)    Taxes. All tax returns (including, without limitation, all foreign, federal, state, local and other tax returns whether filed on a standalone or group basis) required to be filed by, on behalf of or with respect to the income and assets of the Borrower (Including the Collateral Portfolio) have been timely filed and the Borrower is not liable for Taxes payable by any other Person, except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Borrower has paid or made adequate provisions for the payment of all Taxes, assessments and other governmental charges made against it or any of its property (including the Collateral Portfolio) except for those Taxes being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and in respect of which it has established proper reserves in accordance with GAAP on its books or as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No Tax lien or similar adverse claim has been filed, and no claim is being asserted, with respect to any such Tax, assessment or other governmental charge.
(m)    Location. Except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.02(n), the Borrower’s location (within the meaning of Article 9 of the UCC) is Delaware. Except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.02(n), the principal place of business and chief executive office of the Borrower (and the location of the Borrower’s records regarding the Collateral (other than those delivered to the Collateral Custodian pursuant to this Agreement)) is located at the address set forth under its name in Section 11.02.
(n)    Tradenames. Except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.02(n), the Borrower’s legal name is as set forth in this Agreement. Except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.02(n), the Borrower has not changed its name since its formation; does not have tradenames, fictitious names, assumed names or “doing business as” names. The Borrower’s only jurisdiction of formation is Delaware, and, except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.02(n), the Borrower has not changed its jurisdiction of formation.
(o)    No Subsidiaries. The Borrower does not own or hold the equity interests in any other Person.
(p)    Reports Accurate. All Notices of Borrowing, Borrowing Base Certificates and other written or electronic information, exhibits, financial statements, documents, books, records or reports furnished by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, the Servicer or the Collateral Custodian in connection with this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents are accurate, true and correct in all material respects, and no such document contains any material misstatement of fact or omits to state a material fact or any fact necessary to make the statements contained therein not misleading; provided that, solely with respect to written or electronic information furnished by the Borrower which was provided to the Borrower from an Obligor with respect to a Loan Asset, such information need only be accurate, true and correct to the knowledge of the Borrower; provided, further, that the foregoing proviso shall not apply to any information presented in a Notice of Borrowing or Borrowing Base Certificate.
(q)    Exchange Act Compliance; Regulations T, U and X. None of the transactions contemplated herein or in the other Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, the use of Proceeds from the sale of any item in the Collateral Portfolio) will violate or result in a violation of Section 7 of the Exchange Act or Regulations T, U and X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 12 C.F.R., Chapter II. The Borrower does not own or intend to carry or purchase, and no proceeds from the Advances will be used to carry or purchase, any “margin stock” within the meaning of Regulation U or to extend “purpose credit” within the meaning of Regulation U.
(r)    Event of Default/Unmatured Event of Default. No event has occurred which constitutes an Event of Default or Unmatured Event of Default, in each case, which has not been previously disclosed to the Administrative Agent in writing.
(s)    ERISA. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the present value of all vested benefits under each “employee pension benefit plan” as such term is defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA, other than a Multiemployer Plan, that is subject to Title IV of ERISA and is sponsored or maintained by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of the Borrower or to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of the Borrower contributes or has an obligation to contribute, or has any liability (each, a “Pension Plan”), does not exceed the value of the assets of the Pension Plan allocable to such vested benefits (based on the value of such assets as of the last annual valuation date for the Pension Plan) determined in accordance with the assumptions used for funding such Pension Plan pursuant to Sections 412 and 430 of the Code for the applicable plan year; (ii) no failure by the Borrower to meet the minimum funding standard set forth in Sections 302(a) or 303 of ERISA and Sections 412(a) and 430 of the Code has occurred with respect to any Pension Plan; (iii) neither the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate of the Borrower has withdrawn from a Pension Plan subject to Section 4063 of ERISA during a plan year in which it was a “substantial employer” (as defined in Section 4001(a)(2) of ERISA); (iv) no Reportable Event has occurred with respect to any Pension Plan; (v) no notice of intent to terminate a Pension Plan has been filed by the plan administrator under Section 4041 of ERISA, nor has any Pension Plan been terminated under Section 4041 of ERISA and (vi) the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation has not instituted proceedings to terminate, or appointed a trustee to administer, a Pension Plan under Section 4042 of ERISA, and no event has occurred or condition exists which constitutes grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan.
(t)    Broker-Dealer. The Borrower is not a broker-dealer or subject to the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, as amended.
(u)    Instructions to Obligors. The Collection Account is the only account to which Obligors have been instructed by the Borrower, or the Servicer on the Borrower’s behalf, to send Collections with respect to the Collateral Portfolio. The Borrower has not granted any Person other than the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, an interest in the Collection Account.
(v)    Loan Assignments. Other than Loan Assets originated by the Borrower, the Loan Assignments are the only agreements pursuant to which the Borrower acquires a Loan Asset. The Borrower accounts for each Transfer of a Loan Asset under a Loan Assignment as a full transfer of such Loan Asset in its books and records.
(w)    Investment Company Act. The Borrower is not required to register as an “investment company” under the provisions of the 1940 Act.
(x)    Compliance with Applicable Law. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Borrower has complied with all Applicable Law to which it may be subject, and no item of the Collateral Portfolio contravenes any Applicable Law (including, without limitation, all applicable predatory and abusive lending laws, laws, rules and regulations relating to licensing, truth in lending, fair credit billing, fair credit reporting, equal credit opportunity, fair debt collection practices and privacy).
(y)    Collections. All Available Collections received by the Borrower or its Affiliates with respect to the Collateral Portfolio are held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, until deposited into the Collection Account as provided herein.
(z)    Set-Off etc. No Loan Asset has been compromised, adjusted, extended, satisfied, subordinated, rescinded, set-off or modified by the Borrower, the Transferor, if any, or the Obligor thereof, and no item in the Collateral Portfolio is subject to compromise, adjustment, extension, satisfaction, subordination, rescission, set-off, counterclaim, defense, abatement, suspension, deferment, deduction, reduction, termination or modification, whether arising out of transactions concerning the Collateral Portfolio or otherwise, by the Borrower, the Transferor, if any, or the Obligor with respect thereto, except, in each case, for amendments, extensions and modifications, if any, permitted pursuant to Section 5.02(e).
(aa)    Environmental. With respect to each item of Underlying Collateral as of the applicable Cut-Off Date for the Loan Asset related to such Underlying Collateral, to the actual knowledge of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower: (a) the related Obligor’s operations comply in all material respects with all applicable Environmental Laws; (b) none of the related Obligor’s operations is the subject of a Federal or state investigation evaluating whether any remedial action, involving expenditures, is needed to respond to a release of any Hazardous Materials into the environment; and (c) the related Obligor does not have any material contingent liability in connection with any release of any Hazardous Materials into the environment. As of the applicable Cut-Off Date for the Loan Asset related to such Underlying Collateral, the Borrower has not received any written notice of, or inquiry from any Governmental Authority regarding, any violation, alleged violation, non-compliance, liability or potential liability regarding environmental matters or compliance with Environmental Laws with regard to any of the Underlying Collateral.
(bb)    Anti-Money Laundering Laws. As of the date of this Agreement, each Payment Date or payment date under Section 2.05, and at all times until this Agreement has been terminated and all amounts hereunder have been paid in full, that: (A) no Borrower Covered Entity (1) is a Sanctioned Person; (2) has any of its assets in a Sanctioned Country or in the possession, custody or control of a Sanctioned Person in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law; (3) does business in or with, or derives any of its income from investments in or transactions with, any Sanctioned Country or Sanctioned Person in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law; or (4) engages in any dealings or transactions prohibited by any Anti-Terrorism Law; (B) the proceeds of this Agreement will not be used by Borrower, or to Borrower’s actual knowledge by any other Person, to fund any operations in, finance any investments or activities in, or, make any payments to, a Sanctioned Country or Sanctioned Person in violation of any Law; (C) the funds used to pay Midland, to the extent received from Borrower, are not derived from any unlawful activity; and (D) to Borrower’s knowledge, each Borrower Covered Entity is in compliance with, and no Borrower Covered Entity engages in any dealings or transactions prohibited by, any Anti-Terrorism Law. The Borrower covenants and agrees that it shall promptly notify the Servicer in writing upon the occurrence of a Reportable Compliance Event, except to the extent such notice is prohibited by applicable Law.
(cc)    Security Interest.
(i)    This Agreement creates a valid and continuing security interest (as defined in the applicable UCC) in the Collateral in favor of the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, which security interest is prior to all other Liens (except for Permitted Liens), and is enforceable as such against creditors of and purchasers from the Borrower;
(ii)    the Collateral Portfolio is comprised of “instruments”, “financial assets”, “security entitlements”, “general intangibles”, “chattel paper”, “accounts”, “certificated securities”, “uncertificated securities”, “securities accounts”, “deposit accounts”, “supporting obligations” or “insurance” (each as defined in the applicable UCC), and the proceeds of the foregoing, or such other category of collateral under the applicable UCC as to which the Borrower has complied with its obligations under this Section 4.01(cc);
(iii)    the Collection Account is not in the name of any Person other than the Borrower, subject to the lien of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties;
(iv)    the Collection Account constitutes a “deposit account” as defined in the applicable UCC;
(v)    the Borrower, the Account Bank, the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, have entered into the Collection Account Agreement;
(vi)    the Borrower has caused the filing of all appropriate financing statements in the proper filing office in the appropriate jurisdictions under Applicable Law in order to perfect the security interest in the Collateral and that portion of the Loan Assets in which a security interest granted to the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, under this Agreement may be perfected by filing; provided that filings in respect of real property shall not be required;
(vii)    other than as expressly permitted by the terms of the Transaction Documents, this Agreement and the security interest granted to the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, pursuant to this Agreement, the Borrower has not pledged, assigned, sold, granted a security interest in or otherwise conveyed any of the Collateral. The Borrower has not authorized the filing of and is not aware of any financing statements against the Borrower that include a description of collateral covering the Collateral other than any financing statement (A) relating to the security interests granted to the Borrower under each Loan Assignment, or (B) that has been terminated or fully and validly assigned to the Administrative Agent on or prior to the Cut-Off Date for the applicable Loan Asset, or (C) reflecting the transfer of assets on a Release Date pursuant to (and simultaneously with or subsequent to) the consummation of any transaction contemplated under (and in compliance with the conditions set forth in) Section 2.07. The Borrower is not aware of the filing of any judgment or Tax lien filings against the Borrower, other than Permitted Liens;
(viii)    none of the underlying promissory notes, or related loan registers, as applicable, that constitute or evidence the Loan Assets has any marks or notations indicating that they have been pledged, assigned or otherwise conveyed to any Person other than the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties;
(ix)    with respect to any Collateral that constitutes a “certificated security,” such certificated security has been delivered to the Collateral Custodian, on behalf of the Secured Parties and, if in registered form, has been specially Indorsed to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, or in blank by an effective Indorsement or has been registered in the name of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, upon original issue or registration of transfer by the Borrower of such certificated security; and
(x)    with respect to any Collateral that constitutes an “uncertificated security”, the Borrower has caused the issuer of such uncertificated security to register the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, as the registered owner of such uncertificated security.
(dd)    Non-Exempt. The Borrower is not a Non-Exempt Person.
SECTION 4.02    Representations and Warranties of the Borrower Relating to the Agreement and the Collateral Portfolio. The Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Secured Parties as follows:
(a)    Eligibility of Collateral Portfolio. (i) The Loan Asset Schedule, each Borrowing Base Certificate and the information contained in each Notice of Borrowing is an accurate and complete listing of all the Loan Assets contained in the Collateral Portfolio as of the related Cut-Off Date or Advance Date, as applicable, and the information contained therein with respect to the identity of such item of Collateral Portfolio and the amounts owing thereunder is true and correct as of the related Cut-Off Date or Advance Date, as applicable, (ii) each Loan Asset designated on the Loan Asset Schedule or any Borrowing Base Certificate as an Eligible Loan Asset and each Loan Asset included as an Eligible Loan Asset in any calculation of Borrowing Base is an Eligible Loan Asset, (iii) the Borrower has complied in all material respects with the requirements of this Agreement, including Article XII, with respect to each Loan Asset, including delivery to the Collateral Custodian of the Loan Asset File therefor and (iv) with respect to each item of Collateral Portfolio, all consents, licenses, approvals or authorizations of or registrations or declarations of any Governmental Authority or any Person required to be obtained, effected or given by the Borrower in connection with the grant of a security interest in each item of Collateral Portfolio to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, have been duly obtained, effected or given and are in full force and effect. For the avoidance of doubt, any inaccurate representation that a Loan Asset is an Eligible Loan Asset hereunder shall not constitute an Event of Default if the aggregate Advances Outstanding under such Term Loan Series related to such Loan Asset do not exceed the Maximum Availability for such Term Loan Series assuming such Loan Asset was not included as an Eligible Loan Asset in the calculation of the Borrowing Base for such Term Loan Series.
(b)    No Fraud. To the knowledge of the Borrower, each Loan Asset was originated without any fraud or misrepresentation on the part of the Obligor or Transferor, if any, of such Loan Asset.
SECTION 4.03    Representations and Warranties of the Servicer. The Servicer hereby represents and warrants, as of the Closing Date, as of each applicable Cut-Off Date, as of each applicable Advance Date and as of each Reporting Date, as follows:
(a)    Organization; Power and Authority. It is a duly organized and validly existing as a national banking association in good standing under the laws of the United States. It has full power, authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform its obligations as Servicer under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party.
(b)    Due Authorization. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the consummation of the transactions provided for herein and therein have been duly authorized by all necessary organizational action on its part.
(c)    No Conflict. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the performance of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby and the fulfillment of the terms hereof or thereof will not conflict with, result in any breach of its organizational documents or any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) a default under any indenture, contract, agreement, mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument to which the Servicer is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound.
(d)    No Violation. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, the performance of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and the fulfillment of the terms hereof and thereof will not conflict with or violate, in any respect, any Applicable Law if compliance therewith is necessary (x) to ensure the enforceability of any Loan Asset or (y) for Servicer to perform its obligations under this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof.
(e)    All Consents Required; No Proceedings or Injunction. All approvals, authorizations, consents, orders or other actions of any Person or Governmental Authority applicable to the Servicer, required in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the performance by the Servicer of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and the fulfillment by the Servicer of the terms hereof and thereof have been obtained to the extent necessary (x) to ensure the enforceability of any Loan Asset, or (y) for Servicer to perform its obligations under this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof. There is no litigation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Servicer, threatened against the Servicer, before any Governmental Authority (i) asserting the invalidity of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or (ii) seeking to prevent the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document. No injunction, writ, restraining order or other order of any nature adversely affects the Servicer’s performance of its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document to which the Servicer is a party.
(f)    Validity, Etc. The Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Servicer, enforceable against the Servicer in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable Bankruptcy Laws and general principles of equity.
(g)    Reports Accurate. All Servicing Reports and other written or electronic information, exhibits, financial statements, documents, books, records or reports, in all cases, prepared and furnished by the Servicer to the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Custodian in connection with this Agreement are, as of their date, accurate, true and correct in all material respects, and no such document contains any material misstatement of fact or omits to state a material fact or any fact necessary to make the statements contained therein not misleading; provided, that for the purposes of the production by the Servicer of any reports, documents or information required under this Agreement, the Servicer may conclusively rely (absent bad faith or manifest error, and without investigation, inquiry, independent verification or any duty or obligation to recompute, verify, or recalculate any of the amounts and other information contained in) on any reports, documents or information provided to it by any Obligor or any other third party without any liability to the Servicer for such reliance.
(h)    Servicing Standard. The Servicer has complied in all material respects with the Servicing Standard with regard to the servicing of the Loan Assets.
(i)    Collections. All Available Collections received by the Servicer or its Affiliates with respect to the Collateral Portfolio are held for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, until deposited into the Collection Account as provided herein.
(j)    Servicer Termination Event. No event has occurred which constitutes a Servicer Termination Event (other than any Servicer Termination Event which has previously been disclosed to the Administrative Agent as such).
SECTION 4.04    Representations and Warranties of each Lender.
(a)    [Reserved].
(b)    Due Organization, Qualification and Authority; Enforceability. Each Lender hereby individually represents and warrants, as to itself, that it (i) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its formation, and is duly qualified to transact business, in good standing and licensed in each state to the extent necessary to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement in accordance with the terms of this Agreement; (ii) has the full power, authority and legal right to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform in accordance herewith; (iii) has duly authorized the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and has duly executed and delivered this Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the valid, legal, binding obligation of the Lender, except as the enforceability hereof may be limited by Bankruptcy Laws and by general principles of equity.
(c)    Anti-Money Laundering/International Trade Law Compliance. Each Lender hereby individually represents and warrants, as to itself, that (A) as of the date of this Agreement (or the date of the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, as applicable), each Payment Date or payment date under Section 2.05, and at all times until this Agreement has been terminated and all amounts hereunder have been paid in full, that (1) no Lender Covered Entity (a) is a Sanctioned Person; (b) has any of its assets in a Sanctioned Country or in the possession, custody or control of a Sanctioned Person in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law; (c) does business in or with, or derives any of its income from investments in or transactions with, any Sanctioned Country or Sanctioned Person in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law; or (d) engages in any dealings or transactions prohibited by any Anti-Terrorism Law; and (2) to the knowledge of such Lender, each Lender Covered Entity is in compliance with, and no Lender Covered Entity engages in any dealings or transactions prohibited by, any Anti-Terrorism Law; and (B) (1) the proceeds of this Agreement will not be used by Lender, or to Lender’s actual knowledge by any other Person, to fund any operations in, finance any investments or activities in, or, make any payments to, a Sanctioned Country or Sanctioned Person in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law; and (2) the funds used to pay Midland, to the extent received from such Lender, are not derived from any unlawful activity. Each Lender covenants and agrees that it shall promptly notify the Servicer in writing upon the occurrence of a Reportable Compliance Event with respect to any Lender Covered Entity.
SECTION 4.05    Representations and Warranties of the Collateral Custodian. The Collateral Custodian represents and warrants, as of the Closing Date and as of each Cut-Off Date, as follows:
(a)    Organization; Power and Authority. It is a duly organized and validly existing as a national banking association in good standing under the laws of the United States. It has full corporate power, authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform its obligations as Collateral Custodian under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party.
(b)    Due Authorization. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the consummation of the transactions provided for herein and therein have been duly authorized by all necessary organizational action on its part.
(c)    No Conflict. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the performance of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and the fulfillment of the terms hereof and thereof will not conflict with, result in any breach of its organizational documents or any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) a default under any indenture, contract, agreement, mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument to which the Collateral Custodian is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound.
(d)    No Violation. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the performance of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and the fulfillment of the terms hereof and thereof will not conflict with or violate, in any respect, any Applicable Law if compliance therewith is necessary (x) to ensure the enforceability of any Loan Asset, or (y) for the Collateral Custodian to perform its obligations under this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof.
(e)    All Consents Required; No Proceedings or Injunction. All approvals, authorizations, consents, orders or other actions of any Person or Governmental Authority applicable to the Collateral Custodian, required in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the performance by the Collateral Custodian of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and the fulfillment by the Collateral Custodian of the terms hereof and thereof have been obtained to the extent necessary (x) to ensure the enforceability of any Loan Asset, or (y) for the Collateral Custodian to perform its obligations under this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof. There is no litigation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Collateral Custodian, threatened against the Collateral Custodian, before any Governmental Authority (i) asserting the invalidity of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or (ii) seeking to prevent the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document. No injunction, writ, restraining order or other order of any nature adversely affects the Collateral Custodian’s performance of its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document to which the Collateral Custodian is a party.
(f)    Validity, Etc. The Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Collateral Custodian, enforceable against the Collateral Custodian in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable Bankruptcy Laws and general principles of equity.
SECTION 4.06    Representations and Warranties of Holdings. Holdings hereby represents and warrants to the Secured Parties as follows:
(a)    Organization, Good Standing and Due Qualification. Holdings is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with all requisite limited liability company power and authority necessary to grant a security interest in the Pledged Equity and to conduct its business as such business is presently conducted and to enter into and perform its obligations pursuant to this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party. Holdings is duly qualified to do business as a limited liability company, and has obtained all licenses and approvals under the laws of the State of Delaware, and in all other jurisdictions necessary to own its assets and to transact the business in which it is engaged, and is duly qualified, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and in each other jurisdiction where the transaction of such business or its ownership of the Loan Assets and the Collateral Portfolio and the conduct of its business requires such qualification except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b)    Power and Authority; Due Authorization; Execution and Delivery. Holdings (i) has the power, authority and legal right to (x) execute and deliver this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and (y) perform and carry out the terms of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and the transactions contemplated thereby, and (ii) has taken all necessary action to (x) authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and (y) grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a first priority perfected security interest in the Pledged Equity on the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, subject only to Permitted Liens. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which Holdings is a party have been duly executed and delivered by the Borrower.
(c)    Binding Obligation. This Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to Holdings is a party constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of Holdings, enforceable against Holdings in accordance with their respective terms, except as the enforceability hereof and thereof may be limited by Bankruptcy Laws and by general principles of equity.
(d)    All Consents Required. No consent of any other party and no consent, license, approval or authorization of, or registration or declaration with, any Governmental Authority, bureau or agency is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by the Borrower of this Agreement or any Transaction Document to which it is a party or the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any such Transaction Document or grant of a security interest in the Pledged Equity, other than such as have been met or obtained and are in full force and effect.
(e)    No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents will not (i) conflict with, result in any breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) a default under, the certificate of formation or limited liability company agreement of Holdings (ii) result in the creation or imposition of any Lien on the Pledged Equity other than Permitted Liens or (iii) violate any Applicable Law in any material respect or (iv) violate any contract or other agreement to which Holdings is a party or by which the or any property or assets of Holdings may be bound.
(f)    No Proceedings; No Injunctions. There is no litigation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of Holdings, threatened against Holdings or any properties of Holdings, before any Governmental Authority (i) asserting the invalidity of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, (ii) seeking to prevent the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or (iii) that could reasonably be expected to be adversely determined, and, if so determined, either individually or in the aggregate would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No injunction, writ, restraining order or other order of any nature adversely affects Holdings’ performance of its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document to which Holdings is a party
(g)    Sole Purpose. Holdings has been formed solely for the purpose of holding the equity of the Borrower and engaging in transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and has not engaged in any other business activity. Holdings has no Indebtedness. Holdings is not party to any agreements other than this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and other agreements in the ordinary course of business.
(h)    No Liens. The Pledged Equity is owned by Holdings free and clear of any Liens except for Permitted Liens.
(i)    Investment Company Act. Holdings is not required to register as an “investment company” under the provisions of the 1940 Act.
(j)    Compliance with Applicable Law. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, Holdings has complied with all Applicable Law to which it may be subject, and no item of the Collateral Portfolio contravenes any Applicable Law.
(k)    Security Interest.
(i)    The Pledged Equity issued by the Borrower has been duly and validly authorized and issued by the Borrower is fully paid and nonassessable.
(ii)    This Agreement creates a valid and continuing security interest (as defined in the applicable UCC) in the Pledged Equity in favor of the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, which security interest is prior to all other Liens (except for Permitted Liens), and is enforceable as such against creditors of and purchasers from Holdings;
(iii)    Holdings has caused the filing of all appropriate financing statements in the proper filing office in the appropriate jurisdictions under Applicable Law in order to perfect the security interest in the Pledged Equity;
(iv)    other than as expressly permitted by the terms of the Transaction Documents, this Agreement and the security interest granted to the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, pursuant to this Agreement, Holdings has not pledged, assigned, sold, granted a security interest in or otherwise conveyed any of the Pledged Equity. Holdings has not authorized the filing of and is not aware of any financing statements against Holdings that include a description of collateral covering the Pledged Equity. Holdings is not aware of the filing of any judgment or Tax lien filings against Holdings, other than Permitted Liens;
(v)    Holdings consents to the transfer of any Pledged Equity to the Administrative Agent or its designee following, and during the occurrence of, an Event of Default and to the substitution of the Administrative Agent or its designee as a member in the Borrower with all the rights and powers related thereto, subject to the terms of this Agreement;
(vi)    The Pledged Equity shall not be represented by a certificate unless (i) the limited liability company agreement expressly provides that such interest shall be a “security” within the meaning of Article 8 of the UCC of the applicable jurisdiction, and (ii) such certificate shall be delivered to the Administrative Agent;
(vii)    if any portion of the Pledged Equity constitutes a “certificated security,” such certificated security has been delivered to the Collateral Custodian, on behalf of the Secured Parties and, if in registered form, has been specially Indorsed to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, or in blank by an effective Indorsement or has been registered in the name of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, upon original issue or registration of transfer by Holdings of such certificated security;
(viii)    if any portion of the Pledged Equity constitutes an “uncertificated security”, Holdings has caused the issuer of such uncertificated security to register the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, as the registered owner of such uncertificated security; and
(ix)    except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.08(f), Holdings’ location (within the meaning of Article 9 of the UCC) is Delaware. Except as permitted pursuant to Section 5.08(f), the principal place of business and chief executive office of Holdings (and the location of Holdings’ records regarding the Pledged Equity (other than those delivered to the Collateral Custodian pursuant to this Agreement)) is located at the address set forth under its name in Section 11.02.
(l)    As of the date of this Agreement, each Payment Date or payment date under Section 2.05, and at all times until this Agreement has been terminated and all amounts hereunder have been paid in full, that: (A) no Holdings Covered Entity (1) is a Sanctioned Person; (2) has any of its assets in a Sanctioned Country or in the possession, custody or control of a Sanctioned Person in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law; (3) does business in or with, or derives any of its income from investments in or transactions with, any Sanctioned Country or Sanctioned Person in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law; or (4) engages in any dealings or transactions prohibited by any Anti-Terrorism Law; (B) the proceeds of this Agreement will not be used by Borrower, or to Borrower’s actual knowledge by any other Person, to fund any operations in, finance any investments or activities in, or, make any payments to, a Sanctioned Country or Sanctioned Person in violation of any Law; (C) the funds used to pay Midland, to the extent received from Holdings, are not derived from any unlawful activity; and (D) to Holdings’s knowledge, each Holdings Covered Entity is in compliance with, and no Holdings Covered Entity engages in any dealings or transactions prohibited by, any Anti-Terrorism Law. Holdings covenants and agrees that it shall promptly notify the Servicer in writing upon the occurrence of a Reportable Compliance Event, except to the extent such notice is prohibited by applicable Law.
(m)    Non-Exempt. Holdings is not a Non-Exempt Person.
ARTICLE V.    
GENERAL COVENANTS
SECTION 5.01    Affirmative Covenants of the Borrower.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Organizational Procedures and Scope of Business. The Borrower will observe all organizational procedures required by its certificate of formation, limited liability company agreement and the laws of its jurisdiction of formation. Without limiting the foregoing, the Borrower will limit the scope of its business to: (i) the acquisition and origination of and investments in Eligible Loan Assets and the ownership and management of the related Portfolio Assets; (ii) the Sale of Loan Assets as and when permitted under the Transaction Documents; (iii) entering into and performing under the Transaction Documents; (iv) consenting or withholding consent as to proposed amendments, waivers and other modifications of the Loan Agreements to the extent not in conflict with the terms of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document; (v) exercising any rights (including but not limited to voting rights and rights arising in connection with a Bankruptcy Event with respect to an Obligor or the consensual or non-judicial restructuring of the debt or equity of an Obligor) or remedies in connection with the Loan Assets and participating in the committees (official or otherwise) or other groups formed by creditors of an Obligor to the extent not in conflict with the terms of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document; and (vi) engaging in any activity and to exercise any powers permitted to limited liability companies under the laws of the State of Delaware that are related to the foregoing and necessary, convenient or advisable to accomplish the foregoing.
(b)    Special Purpose Entity Requirements. The Borrower at all times shall comply with the special purpose covenants set forth in Section 9(d) of its limited liability company agreement as in effect on the Closing Date.
(c)    Preservation of Company Existence. Subject to Section 5.02(f), the Borrower will preserve and maintain its limited liability company existence, rights, franchises and privileges in the jurisdiction of its formation and will promptly obtain and thereafter maintain qualifications to do business as a foreign limited liability company in any other state in which it does business and in which it is required to so qualify under Applicable Law.
(d)    Deposit of Misdirected Collections. The Borrower shall promptly (but in no event later than two Business Days after receipt) deposit or cause to be deposited into the Collection Account any and all Available Collections received by the Borrower.
(e)    Potential Repayment Events, Material Modifications and Underlying Obligor Default.
(i)    The Borrower shall give notice to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders within five Business Days of the Borrower’s actual knowledge of the occurrence of any Potential Repayment Event. Once notified, the related Advance shall be subject to the requirements of Section 2.14(a) unless the Lenders have either consented to such Potential Repayment Event or agreed with the Borrower on terms relating to the applicable Loan Asset such that the applicable Loan Asset will remain in the applicable Borrowing Base, which such terms shall be reflected on an amendment to Annex A to the Letter Agreement relating to the Term Loan Series that such Loan Asset relates.
(ii)    The Borrower shall give prior written notice to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders of any proposed Material Modification with respect to any Loan Asset. Once notified, the Lenders shall have 10 Business Days to consent or decline to consent to such Material Modification. If such consent is not obtained, the Borrower may proceed with such Material Modification, but shall make any prepayment as required by Section 2.14(a). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Lenders do not respond to the request for consent for any proposed Material Modification within the 10 Business Day period, such consent shall be deemed to have been declined.
(iii)    The Borrower shall give written notice to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders of any Underlying Obligor Default with respect to any Loan Asset as promptly as possible after learning thereof and shall provide, or shall cause the Servicer to provide, the calculations required under Section 2.05(f), including a Borrowing Base for the applicable Term Loan Series as described in Section 2.05(f).
(f)    Required Loan Documents. The Borrower shall deliver to the Collateral Custodian and the Servicer the Required Loan Documents and the Loan Asset Checklist pertaining to each Loan Asset within five Business Days of the Cut-Off Date pertaining to such Loan Asset.
(g)    Notice of Event of Default. The Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent with prompt (and in any event within two Business Days) written notice of the occurrence of each Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default of which the Borrower has knowledge or has received notice. In addition, no later than five Business Days following the Borrower’s knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default, the Borrower will provide to the Administrative Agent a written statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower setting forth the details of such event and the action that the Borrower proposes to take with respect thereto.
(h)    Notice of Material Events. The Borrower shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent of any event or other circumstance known to the Borrower that is could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(i)    Notice of Litigation. The Borrower shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent of the filing or commencement of any action, suit, investigation or proceeding by or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority against or affecting the Borrower or any Affiliate thereof, including pursuant to any applicable Environmental Laws, that could reasonably be expected to be adversely determined, and, if so determined, could reasonably be expected to result in liability of the Borrower in an aggregate amount exceeding $10,000,000.
(j)    Notice of ERISA Reportable Events. The Borrower shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent after receiving notice of the occurrence of any Reportable Event with respect to any Pension Plan except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and provide the Administrative Agent with a copy of such notice.
(k)    Notice of Accounting Changes. Promptly and in any event within three Business Days after the effective date thereof, the Borrower will provide to the Administrative Agent notice of any change in the accounting policies of the Borrower.
(l)    Additional Information; Additional Documents. The Borrower shall provide the Administrative Agent with any financial or other information reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent evidencing the truthfulness of the representations set forth in this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this provision, the Borrower and its Affiliates will not be required to disclose, permit the inspection, examination or making copies or abstracts of, or discuss, any document, information or other matter that (a) constitutes non-financial trade secrets or non-financial proprietary information, (b) in respect of which disclosure to the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or their respective representatives or agents) is prohibited by law or (c) in the Borrower’s or Affiliate’s reasonable judgment, would compromise any attorney-client privilege, privilege afforded to attorney work product or similar privilege, provided that the Borrower shall make available redacted versions of requested documents or, if unable to do so consistent with the preservation of such privilege, shall make commercially reasonable efforts to disclose information responsive to the requests of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any of their respective representatives and agents, in a manner that will protect such privilege.
(m)    Protection of Security Interest. The Borrower will take all action necessary to perfect, protect and more fully evidence the Borrower’s ownership of the Collateral Portfolio free and clear of any Lien other than the Lien created hereunder and Permitted Liens, including, without limitation, (a) with respect to the Loan Assets and that portion of the Collateral Portfolio in which a security interest may be perfected by filing, filing and maintaining (at the expense of the Borrower) effective financing statements against any Transferor in all necessary or appropriate filing offices, (including any amendments thereto or assignments thereof) and filing continuation statements, amendments or assignments with respect thereto in such filing offices, (including any amendments thereto or assignments thereof), (b) executing or causing to be executed such other instruments or notices as may be necessary or appropriate, (c) at the expense of the Borrower, take all action necessary to cause a valid, subsisting and enforceable first priority perfected security interest, subject only to Permitted Liens, to exist in favor of the Administrative Agent (for the benefit of the Secured Parties) in the Borrower’s interests in the Collateral, including the filing of a UCC financing statement in the applicable jurisdiction adequately describing the Collateral (which may include an “all asset” filing), and naming the Borrower as debtor and the Administrative Agent as the secured party, and filing continuation statements, amendments or assignments with respect thereto in such filing offices (including any amendments thereto or assignments thereof), and (d) take all additional action that the Servicer or the Administrative Agent may reasonably request to perfect, protect and more fully evidence the respective first priority (subject to Permitted Liens) perfected security interests of the parties to this Agreement in the Collateral, or to enable the Servicer or the Administrative Agent to exercise or enforce any of their respective rights hereunder.
(n)    Liens. The Borrower will promptly notify the Administrative Agent of the existence of any material Lien on the Collateral known to the Borrower (other than Permitted Liens) and the Borrower shall defend the right, title and interest of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in, to and under the Collateral against all claims of third parties to the extent commercially reasonable to do so (as determined by the Borrower in its reasonable discretion), other than with respect to Permitted Liens.
(o)    No Changes in Fees. The Borrower will not make any changes to the Fees or amend, restate, supplement or otherwise modify the Agent Fee Letter in any material respect without the prior written approval of the Lenders.
(p)    Compliance with Applicable Law. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Borrower shall at all times comply with all Applicable Law (including, without limitation, Environmental Laws, and all federal securities laws).
(q)    Proper Records. The Borrower shall at all times keep proper books of records and accounts in which full, true and correct entries shall be made of its transactions in accordance with GAAP and set aside on its books from its earning for each fiscal year all such proper reserves in accordance with GAAP. The Borrower shall account for the Transfer to it from the Transferor of the Loan Asset under each Loan Assignment as a transfer of such Loan Asset in its books and records.
(r)    Satisfaction of Obligations. The Borrower shall pay, discharge or otherwise satisfy at or before maturity or before they become delinquent, as the case may be, all its obligations of whatever nature, except where the amount or validity thereof is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and reserves with respect thereto have been provided on the books of the Borrower.
(s)    Payment of Taxes. The Borrower shall pay and discharge all Taxes, levies, liens and other charges on it or its assets and on the Collateral that, in each case, in any manner would create any Lien or charge upon the Collateral, except for any such Taxes as are being appropriately contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and with respect to which adequate reserves have been provided in accordance with GAAP.
(t)    Tax Treatment. The Borrower and the Lenders shall treat the Advances advanced hereunder as indebtedness of the Borrower (or, so long as the Borrower is treated as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as indebtedness of the entity of which it is considered to be a part) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and to file any and all tax forms in a manner consistent therewith.
(u)    Obligor Notification Forms. After the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Borrower and Holdings shall furnish the Servicer and the Administrative Agent with an appropriate power of attorney to send (at the direction of the Majority Lenders to the Administrative Agent) notification forms to the Obligors of the Administrative Agent’s interest in the Collateral and the obligation to make payments as directed by the Administrative Agent.
(v)    Disregarded Entity. The Borrower will be disregarded as an entity separate from its owner pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 301.7701-3(b), and neither the Borrower nor any other Person on its behalf shall make an election to be, or take any other action that is reasonably likely to result in the Borrower being, treated as other than an entity disregarded from its owner under Treasury Regulation Section 301.7701-3(c).
(w)    Access to Records. From time to time and, prior the occurrence and continuance of an Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default, upon not less than five Business Days advance notice, permit the Administrative Agent or any Person designated by the Administrative Agent and at the sole cost and expense of the Borrower, to, during normal hours, visit and inspect at reasonable intervals its and any Person to which it delegates any of its duties under the Transaction Documents books, records and accounts relating to its business, financial condition, operations, assets and its performance under the Transaction Documents, and to make copies thereof or abstracts therefrom, and to discuss the foregoing with its and such Person's officers, partners, employees and accountants, all as often as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request; provided, that, the Administrative Agent shall use all reasonable efforts to coordinate their inspections; provided, further, that so long as an Event of Default has not occurred or is continuing, the Borrower shall be responsible for the cost and expense of no more than two site visits in any calendar year.
(x)    Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The Borrower shall maintain in effect policies and procedures designed to promote compliance by the Borrower and its directors, officers, employees, and agents with applicable Anti-Money Laundering Laws any other applicable anti-corruption laws.
(y)    Financial Reporting. The Borrower will furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, as soon as available, and in any event within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower, the Borrower’s audited consolidated balance sheet as at the end of such fiscal year and the related consolidated statements of income or operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, results of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Borrower on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied.
SECTION 5.02    Negative Covenants of the Borrower.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Requirements for Material Actions. The Borrower shall at all times maintain at least one Independent Director and shall not fail to provide (and at all times the Borrower’s organizational documents shall reflect) that the unanimous consent of all members (including the consent of the Independent Director) is required for the Borrower to (i) dissolve or liquidate, in whole or part, or institute proceedings to be adjudicated bankrupt or insolvent, (ii) institute or consent to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, (iii) file a petition seeking or consent to reorganization or relief under any applicable federal or state law relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, (iv) seek or consent to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator, custodian or any similar official for the Borrower, (v) make any assignment for the benefit of the Borrower’s creditors or (vi) admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due.
(b)    Protection of Title. Except as otherwise permitted under this Agreement, the Borrower shall not take any action which would directly or indirectly materially impair or adversely affect Borrower’s title to the Collateral Portfolio.
(c)    Transfer Limitations. The Borrower shall not transfer, assign, convey, grant, bargain, sell, set over, deliver or otherwise dispose of, or pledge or hypothecate, directly or indirectly, any interest in the Collateral to any person other than the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties or in connection with Permitted Liens, or engage in financing transactions or similar transactions with respect to the Collateral with any person other than the Administrative Agent.
(d)    Indebtedness; Liens. The Borrower shall not create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness other than the Obligations. The Borrower shall not create, incur or permit to exist any Lien in or on any of the Collateral subject to the Lien granted by the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement, other than Permitted Liens.
(e)    Organizational Documents. The Borrower shall not modify or terminate any of the organizational or operational documents of the Borrower in any manner that would adversely affect the interests of the Lenders without the prior written consent of the Lenders.
(f)    Merger, Acquisitions, Sales, etc. The Borrower shall not change its organizational structure, enter into any transaction of merger or consolidation or amalgamation, or asset sale (other than pursuant to Section 2.07), or liquidate, wind up or dissolve itself (or suffer any liquidation, winding up or dissolution) in any manner that would adversely affect the interests of the Lenders without the prior written consent of the Lenders.
(g)    Use of Proceeds. The Borrower shall not use the proceeds of any Advance other than (x) to finance the acquisition, origination and/or investment by the Borrower in Collateral Portfolio, or (y) to distribute such proceeds to the Equityholder in connection with any Advance hereunder for the reimbursement of the Transfer of Loan Assets to the Borrower from the Equityholder. The Borrower shall not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Advances in any other manner that would result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person.
(h)    Limited Assets. The Borrower shall not hold or own any assets that are not part of the Collateral Portfolio or as otherwise contemplated by Section 5.01(a).
(i)    Tax Treatment. The Borrower shall not elect to be, or take any other action that is reasonably likely to result in the Borrower being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and shall take all steps necessary to avoid being treated as a corporation for U. S. federal income tax purposes.
(j)    Loan Assignments. The Borrower will not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any Loan Assignment in any manner that would adversely affect the interests of the Lenders without the prior written consent of the Lenders.
(k)    Restricted Junior Payments. The Borrower shall not make any Restricted Junior Payment, except as expressly permitted under Section 2.05; provided that, without the prior consent of the Administrative Agent acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders, the Borrower may not make distributions of Loan Assets except as expressly contemplated under Section 2.07.
(l)    ERISA Matters. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Borrower will not (a) fail to meet the minimum funding standard set forth in Sections 302(a) and 303 of ERISA and Sections 412(a) and 430 of the Code with respect to any Pension Plan, (b) fail to make any payments to a Multiemployer Plan that the Borrower may be required to make under the agreement relating to such Multiemployer Plan or any law pertaining thereto, (c) terminate any Pension Plan so as to result, directly or indirectly in any liability to the Borrower, or (d) permit to exist any occurrence of any Reportable Event with respect to any Pension Plan.
(m)    Instructions to Obligors. The Borrower will not make any change, or permit the Servicer to make any change, in its instructions to Obligors regarding payments to be made with respect to the Collateral Portfolio to the Collection Account, unless the Administrative Agent has directed, or otherwise has consented in writing to, such change.
(n)    Change of Jurisdiction, Location, Names or Location of Loan Asset Files. The Borrower shall not change the jurisdiction of its formation, change the location of its principal place of business and chief executive office or make any change to its name or use any tradenames, fictitious names, assumed names, “doing business as” names or other names) unless, prior to the effective date of any such change in the jurisdiction of its formation, change in location or name change or use, the Borrower provides at least 10 days prior written notice thereof and delivers to the Administrative Agent such financing statements as the Administrative Agent may request to reflect such change in the jurisdiction of its formation, change in location or name change or use, together any other documents and instruments as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request in connection therewith. The Borrower shall not move, or consent to the Collateral Custodian moving, the Loan Asset Files from the location thereof on the Closing Date, applicable Issuance Date or Advance Date, unless the Administrative Agent shall consent to such move in writing.
SECTION 5.03    Affirmative Covenants of the Servicer.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Compliance with Applicable Law. The Servicer will comply in all material respects with all Applicable Law.
(b)    Preservation of Existence. The Servicer will preserve and maintain its existence, rights, franchises and privileges in the jurisdiction of its formation and qualify and remain qualified in good standing in each jurisdiction where failure to preserve and maintain such existence, rights, franchises, privileges and qualification could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 5.04    Negative Covenants of the Servicer.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Required Loan Documents. The Servicer will not dispose of any documents constituting the Required Loan Documents in any manner that is inconsistent with the performance of its obligations as the Servicer pursuant to this Agreement and will not dispose of any Collateral Portfolio except as contemplated by this Agreement or as is consistent with the Servicing Standard.
(b)    No Changes in Servicing Fees. The Servicer will not make any changes to the Servicing Fees or amend, restate, supplement or otherwise modify the Letter Agreement in any material respect without the prior written approval of the Lenders.
SECTION 5.05    Affirmative Covenants of the Collateral Custodian.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Compliance with Applicable Law. The Collateral Custodian will comply in all material respects with all Applicable Law.
(b)    Preservation of Existence. The Collateral Custodian will preserve and maintain its existence, rights, franchises and privileges in the jurisdiction of its formation and qualify and remain qualified in good standing in each jurisdiction where failure to preserve and maintain such existence, rights, franchises, privileges and qualification could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(c)    Location of Loan Asset Files. Subject to Article XII, the Loan Asset Files shall remain at all times in the possession of the Collateral Custodian at the address set forth under its name in Section 11.02 unless notice of a different address is given in accordance with the terms hereof or unless the Administrative Agent agrees to allow certain documents from the Loan Asset Files to be released to the Servicer on a temporary basis in accordance with the terms hereof, except as such Loan Asset Files may be released pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
SECTION 5.06    Negative Covenants of the Collateral Custodian.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Loan Asset File. The Collateral Custodian will not dispose of any documents constituting the Loan Asset File in any manner that is inconsistent with the performance of its obligations as the Collateral Custodian pursuant to this Agreement and will not dispose of any item of the Collateral Portfolio except as contemplated by this Agreement.
(b)    No Changes in Collateral Custodian Fees. The Collateral Custodian will not make any changes to the Collateral Custodian Fees or amend, restate, supplement or otherwise modify the Agent Fee Letter without the prior written approval of the Lenders.
SECTION 5.07    Affirmative Covenants of Holdings.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Preservation of Company Existence. Holdings will preserve and maintain its limited liability company existence, rights, franchises and privileges in the jurisdiction of its formation and will promptly obtain and thereafter maintain qualifications to do business as a foreign limited liability company in any other state in which it does business and in which it is required to so qualify under Applicable Law.
(b)    Protection of Security Interest. Holdings shall take all action that the Servicer or the Administrative Agent may reasonably request to perfect, protect and more fully evidence the first priority (subject to Permitted Liens) perfected security interest of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in the Pledged Equity, or to enable the Administrative Agent to exercise or enforce any of its rights hereunder.
(c)    Liens. Holdings will promptly notify the Administrative Agent of the existence of any Lien on the Pledged Equity known to Holdings (other than Permitted Liens) and Holdings shall defend the right, title and interest of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in and to the Pledged Equity against all claims of third parties to the extent commercially reasonable to do so (as determined by Holdings in its reasonable discretion), other than with respect to Permitted Liens.
(d)    Compliance with Applicable Law. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, Holdings shall at all times comply with all Applicable Law (including, without limitation, Environmental Laws, and all federal securities laws).
SECTION 5.08    Negative Covenants of Holdings.
From the Closing Date until the Facility Termination Date:
(a)    Protection of Title. Except as otherwise permitted under this Agreement, Holdings shall not take any action which would directly or indirectly materially impair or adversely affect Holdings’ title to the Pledged Equity.
(b)    Transfer Limitations. Holdings shall not transfer, assign, convey, grant, bargain, sell, set over, deliver or otherwise dispose of, or pledge or hypothecate, directly or indirectly, any interest in the Pledged Equity to any person other than the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties, other than Permitted Liens, or engage in financing transactions or similar transactions with respect to the Pledged Equity with any person other than the Administrative Agent.
(c)    Indebtedness; Liens. Holdings shall not create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness. Holdings shall not create, incur or permit to exist any Lien in or on any of the Pledged Equity, other than Permitted Liens.
(d)    Organizational Documents. Holdings shall not modify or terminate any of the organizational or operational documents of Holdings in any manner that would adversely affect the interests of the Lenders without the prior written consent of the Lenders.
(e)    Limited Assets. Holdings shall not hold or own any assets that are not part of the Pledged Equity.
(f)    Change of Jurisdiction, Location or Names. Holdings shall not change the jurisdiction of its formation, change the location of its principal place of business and chief executive office or make any change to its name or use any tradenames, fictitious names, assumed names, “doing business as” names or other names) unless, prior to the effective date of any such change in the jurisdiction of its formation, change in location or name change or use, Holdings provides at least 10 days prior written notice thereof and delivers to the Administrative Agent such financing statements as the Administrative Agent may request to reflect such change in the jurisdiction of its formation, change in location or name change or use, together any other documents and instruments as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request in connection therewith.
ARTICLE VI.    
ADMINISTRATION AND SERVICING OF COLLATERAL PORTFOLIO
SECTION 6.01    Appointment and Designation of the Servicer.
(a)    Initial Servicer. The Borrower and the Administrative Agent hereby appoint Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, as Servicer, with the authority to service, administer and exercise rights and remedies, on behalf of the Borrower, in respect of the Collateral Portfolio and to take the actions required of it hereunder and under the other Transaction Documents. Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the duties and responsibilities of the Servicer pursuant to the terms hereof until such time as it resigns or is removed as Servicer pursuant to the terms hereof. The Servicer and the Borrower hereby acknowledge that the Administrative Agent and the Secured Parties are third party beneficiaries of the obligations undertaken by the Servicer hereunder.
(b)    Servicer Termination Notice. The Borrower, the Servicer and the Administrative Agent hereby agree that, upon the occurrence of a Servicer Termination Event, the Administrative Agent, by written notice to the Servicer (a “Servicer Termination Notice”), may (and shall, upon the direction of the Majority Lenders) terminate all of the rights, obligations, power and authority of the Servicer under this Agreement. On and after the receipt by the Servicer of a Servicer Termination Notice pursuant to this Section 6.01(b), the Servicer shall continue to perform all servicing functions under this Agreement until the date specified in the Servicer Termination Notice (such date not to exceed 30 days after the date of such notice) or otherwise specified by the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders in writing or, if no such date is specified in such Servicer Termination Notice or otherwise specified by the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders, until a date mutually agreed upon by the Servicer and the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders. The Servicer shall be entitled to receive, to the extent of funds available therefor pursuant to Section 2.05, the Servicing Fees accrued until such termination date as well as any other fees, amounts, expenses or indemnities it is entitled to pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and any Fee Letter (collectively, the “Servicer Termination Expenses”). To the extent amounts held in the Collection Account and paid in accordance with Section 2.05 are insufficient to pay the Servicer Termination Expenses, the Borrower (and to the extent the Borrower fails to so pay, the Lenders based on their Pro Rata Share) agree to pay the Servicer Termination Expenses within 10 Business Days of receipt of an invoice therefor. After the earlier of (x) the termination date specified in the applicable Servicer Termination Notice and (y) 30 days thereafter as provided above, the Servicer agrees that it will terminate its activities as Servicer hereunder in a manner that the Administrative Agent believes will facilitate the transition of the performance of such activities to a Replacement Servicer, and the Replacement Servicer shall assume each and all of the Servicer’s obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, on the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and the Servicer shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to assist the Replacement Servicer in assuming such obligations.
(c)    Appointment of Replacement Servicer. At any time following the delivery of a Servicer Termination Notice or receipt of any notice of resignation under Section 6.09, the Administrative Agent (acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders) may, with the consent of the Borrower (such consent not being required if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing), appoint a new Servicer (the “Replacement Servicer”), which appointment shall take effect upon the Replacement Servicer accepting such appointment by a written assumption in a form satisfactory to the Administrative Agent acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders. Any Replacement Servicer shall be an established financial institution, having a net worth of not less than $50,000,000 and whose regular business includes the servicing of assets similar to the Collateral Portfolio.
(d)    Liabilities and Obligations of Replacement Servicer. Upon its appointment, any Replacement Servicer shall be the successor in all respects to the Servicer with respect to servicing functions under this Agreement and shall be subject to all the responsibilities, duties and liabilities relating thereto placed on the Servicer by the terms and provisions hereof, and all references in this Agreement to the Servicer shall be deemed to refer to the Replacement Servicer); provided that any Replacement Servicer shall have (i) no liability with respect to any action performed by the prior Servicer prior to the date that the Replacement Servicer becomes the successor to the Servicer or any claim of a third party based on any alleged action or inaction of the prior Servicer, (ii) no obligation to with respect to any Taxes on behalf of the Borrower, except for any payment made out of the Collection Account as provided in Section 2.09, (iii) no obligation to pay any of the fees and expenses of any other party to the transactions contemplated hereby and (iv) no liability or obligation with respect to any Servicer indemnification obligations of any prior Servicer. The indemnification obligations of the Replacement Servicer upon becoming a Servicer, are expressly limited to those arising on account of its gross negligence or willful misconduct, or the failure to perform materially in accordance with its duties and obligations set forth in this Agreement. In addition, the Replacement Servicer shall have no liability relating to the representations and warranties of the prior Servicer contained in Section 4.03.
(e)    Authority and Power. All authority and power granted to the Servicer under this Agreement shall automatically cease and terminate on the Facility Termination Date and shall pass to and be vested in the Borrower thereafter and, without limitation, the Borrower is hereby authorized and empowered to execute and deliver, on behalf of the Servicer, as attorney-in-fact or otherwise, all documents and other instruments, and to do and accomplish all other acts or things necessary or appropriate to effect the purposes of such transfer of servicing rights. The Servicer agrees to cooperate with the Borrower in effecting the termination of the responsibilities and rights of the Servicer to conduct servicing of the Collateral Portfolio.
(f)    Subcontracts. The Servicer may, with the prior written consent (except that no such consent shall be required (i) with respect to ministerial duties; or (ii) to the extent necessary for Servicer to comply with any applicable laws, regulations, codes or ordinances relating to Servicer’s servicing obligations) of the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), subcontract with any other Person for servicing, administering or collecting the Collateral Portfolio; provided that (i) the Servicer shall select any such Person with reasonable care and shall be solely responsible for the fees and expenses payable to any such Person, (ii) the Servicer shall not be relieved of, and shall remain liable for, the performance of the duties and obligations of the Servicer pursuant to the terms hereof without regard to any subcontracting arrangement and (iii) any such subcontract shall be terminable upon the occurrence of a Servicer Termination Event.
(g)    Waiver. The Borrower acknowledges that the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates may act as the Servicer, and the Borrower waives any and all claims against the Administrative Agent, each Lender or any of their respective Affiliates and the Servicer (other than claims relating to such party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction) relating in any way to the custodial or collateral administration functions having been performed by the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates in accordance with the terms and provisions (including the standard of care) set forth in the Transaction Documents.
SECTION 6.02    Duties of the Servicer.
(a)    Duties. The Servicer shall take or cause to be taken all such actions as may be necessary or advisable to service, administer and collect on the Collateral Portfolio from time to time, all in accordance with Applicable Law and the Servicing Standard and to take the actions of the Servicer under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. Prior to the occurrence of a Servicer Termination Event, but subject to the terms of this Agreement (including, without limitation, Section 6.04), the Servicer has the sole and exclusive authority to make any and all decisions with respect to the Collateral Portfolio and take or refrain from taking any and all actions with respect to the Collateral Portfolio. Without limiting the foregoing, the duties of the Servicer shall include the following:
(i)    [reserved];
(ii)    maintaining all necessary servicing records with respect to the Collateral Portfolio and providing such reports to the Administrative Agent and each Lender (with a copy to the Collateral Custodian) in respect of the servicing of the Collateral Portfolio (including information relating to its performance under this Agreement) as may be required hereunder or as the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders may reasonably request;
(iii)    maintaining and implementing administrative and operating procedures (including, without limitation, an ability to recreate servicing records evidencing the Collateral Portfolio in the event of the destruction of the originals thereof) and keeping and maintaining all documents, books, records and other information reasonably necessary or advisable for the collection of the Collateral Portfolio;
(iv)    promptly delivering to the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Custodian, from time to time, such information and servicing records (including information relating to its performance under this Agreement) as the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Custodian may from time to time reasonably request;
(v)    identifying each Loan Asset clearly and unambiguously in its servicing records to reflect that such Loan Asset has been Transferred and is owned by the Borrower and that the Borrower is granting a security interest therein to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, pursuant to this Agreement;
(vi)    notifying the Administrative Agent of any material action, suit, proceeding, dispute, offset, deduction, defense or counterclaim (1) that is or is threatened to be asserted by an Obligor with respect to any Loan Asset (or portion thereof) of which it has knowledge or has received notice; or (2) that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(vii)    maintaining the perfected first priority security interest (subject to Permitted Liens) of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in the Collateral;
(viii)    causing the Collateral Custodian to maintain, the Loan Asset File with respect to Loan Assets included as part of the Collateral Portfolio in a prudent and safe manner consistent with industry standards;
(ix)    directing the Account Bank to make payments pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Report in accordance with Section 2.05;
(x)    directing the sale of Collateral Portfolio in accordance with Section 2.07;
(xi)    providing assistance to the Borrower with respect to the purchase and sale of and payment for the Loan Assets;
(xii)    as provided in Section 6.04(d), instructing the Obligors and the administrative agents on the Loan Assets to make payments directly into the Servicer Clearing Account and otherwise directing or depositing Collections into the Servicer Clearing Account;
(xiii)    complying with such other duties and responsibilities as may be required of the Servicer by this Agreement;
(xiv)    performing payment processing, record keeping, administration of Escrow Accounts, interest rate adjustments, and other routine customer service functions;
(xv)    determining and notifying each Obligor of the amount of each payment of principal and interest due under the terms of the applicable Loan Agreement;
(xvi)    performing Tax and insurance monitoring of the Underlying Collateral;
(xvii)    monitoring any casualty losses or condemnation proceedings and administering any proceeds related thereto in accordance with the related Loan Agreements, in each case, to the extent such information is provided to the Servicer; provided, that if such Loan Agreements provide for any decision or discretion with respect to application of such proceeds, the Servicer shall seek written instructions from the Borrower with respect to such application;
(xviii)    monitoring all payments made with respect to the Loan Assets; and
(xix)    identifying Collections as Principal Collection and Interest Collections, preparing statements with respect to Collections and segregating such Collections, all as required by this Agreement.
It is acknowledged and agreed by the parties hereto that (i) in circumstances in which a Person other than the Borrower or any Affiliate of the Servicer acts as lead agent with respect to any Loan Asset, the Servicer shall perform its servicing duties hereunder only to the extent a lender under the related Loan Agreements has the right to do so and (ii) notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (x) to the extent delivery of any notice, report or other information required hereunder, or any other obligation hereunder is satisfied by Midland in its capacity as Servicer, Administrative Agent or Collateral Custodian, as applicable, such obligation shall be deemed satisfied for all purposes of this Agreement to the extent such obligation also applies to Midland in a different capacity hereunder and (y) Midland, in its capacity as Servicer, Administrative Agent or Collateral Custodian, as applicable, shall not be required to provide any notice, report or other information required to be delivered to Midland in a different capacity hereunder.
(b)    The Servicer may execute any of its duties and exercise its rights and powers under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document by or through sub-agents or attorneys in fact appointed by the Servicer and shall be entitled to advice of counsel concerning all matters pertaining to such duties. The Service shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agent or attorney in fact that it selects with reasonable care.
(c)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the exercise by the Administrative Agent and the Secured Parties of their rights hereunder shall not release the Servicer or the Borrower from any of their duties or responsibilities with respect to the Collateral Portfolio. The Secured Parties and the Administrative Agent shall not have any obligation or liability with respect to any Collateral Portfolio, nor shall any of them be obligated to perform any of the obligations of the Servicer or the Borrower hereunder.
(d)    Any payment by an Obligor in respect of any indebtedness owed by it to the Borrower shall, except as otherwise specified by such Obligor or otherwise required by contract or law and unless otherwise instructed by the Administrative Agent, be applied as a collection of a payment by such Obligor to the extent of any amounts then due and payable thereunder (starting with the oldest such outstanding payment due) before being applied to any other receivable or other obligation of such Obligor.
(e)    The Servicer is not required to take any action under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Servicer to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or Applicable Law. The Servicer shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document with the consent or at the request of the Borrower or the Majority Lenders (or all Lenders, as applicable and as set forth in Sections 7.01 and 11.01). In the event the Servicer requests the consent of a Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions and the Servicer does not receive a consent (either positive or negative) from such Person within ten Business Days of such Person’s receipt of such request, then such Lender shall be deemed to have declined to consent to the relevant action. For all purposes of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, the Borrower and the Lenders, as the case may be, shall direct the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Custodian, and the Account Bank, as applicable, what lender consent is required for a particular amendment, waiver and/or consent.
(f)    The Servicer shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it under or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction. Without limiting the foregoing, the Servicer: (i) may consult with legal counsel (including counsel for the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or the Servicer), independent public accountants and other experts selected by it and shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken in good faith by it in accordance with the advice of such counsel, accountants or experts; (ii) shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (a) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, (b) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (c) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Event of Default or Unmatured Event of Default, (d) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Transaction Document or any other agreement, instrument or document, or (e) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article III or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Servicer (if any); and (iii) shall incur no liability under or in respect of this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents for relying on any notice (including notice by telephone), consent, certificate or other instrument or writing (which may be by facsimile) believed by it to be genuine and signed or sent by the proper party or parties.
SECTION 6.03    Authorization of the Servicer.
(a)    Each of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and each Lender hereby authorizes the Servicer (including any successor thereto) to take any and all reasonable steps in its name and on its behalf necessary or desirable in the determination of the Servicer and not inconsistent with the security interest of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in the Collateral, to collect all amounts due under the Collateral Portfolio, including, without limitation, endorsing any of their names on checks and other instruments representing Collections, executing and delivering any and all instruments of satisfaction or cancellation, or of partial or full release or discharge, and all other comparable instruments, with respect to the Collateral Portfolio and, after the delinquency of any Loan Asset and to the extent permitted under and in compliance with Applicable Law, to commence proceedings with respect to enforcing payment thereof. The Borrower and the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties shall furnish the Servicer (and any successors thereto) with any powers of attorney and other documents necessary or appropriate to enable the Servicer to carry out its servicing and administrative duties hereunder, and shall cooperate with the Servicer to the fullest extent in order to facilitate the collectability of the Collateral Portfolio. In no event shall the Servicer be entitled to make the Secured Parties, the Administrative Agent or any Lender a party to any litigation without such party’s express prior written consent, or to make the Borrower a party to any litigation (other than any routine foreclosure or similar collection procedure) without the Administrative Agent’s (at the direction of the Majority Lenders) consent. In the performance of its obligations hereunder, Midland shall not be obligated to take, or to refrain from taking, any action which the Borrower or any Lender requests that Midland take or refrain from taking to the extent that Midland determines in its reasonable and good faith judgment that such action or inaction (i) may cause a violation of applicable laws, regulations, codes, ordinances, court orders or restrictive covenants with respect to any Loan Asset, Borrower or Obligor; (ii) may cause a violation of any provision of this Agreement, a Fee Letter or a Required Loan Document or any other Transaction Document; or (iii) may be a violation of the Servicing Standard.
(b)    After the declaration of the Final Maturity Date for any Term Loan Series, at the direction of the Administrative Agent (acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders), the Servicer shall take such action as the Administrative Agent may deem necessary or advisable to enforce collection of the Loan Assets included in the Borrowing Base with respect to, or acquired with Advances made under, such Term Loan Series; provided that the Administrative Agent may (at the direction of the Majority Lenders), at any time that an Event of Default has occurred, notify any Obligor with respect to any Loan Asset of the assignment of such Loan Asset to the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties and direct that payments of all amounts due or to become due thereunder be made directly to the Administrative Agent or any servicer, collection agent or account designated by the Administrative Agent and, upon such notification and at the expense of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent may enforce collection of any such Loan Asset, and adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment thereof.
SECTION 6.04    Collection of Payments; Accounts.
(a)    Collection Efforts, Modification of Collateral Portfolio. The Servicer will collect or use commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be collected, all payments called for under the terms and provisions of the Loan Assets included in the Collateral Portfolio as and when the same become due, all in accordance with the Servicing Standard. The Servicer may not waive, modify or otherwise vary any provision of a Loan Asset in a manner that would impair the collectability of such Loan Asset or in any manner contrary to the Servicing Standard.
(b)    Acceleration. If consistent with the Servicing Standard, the Servicer, at the direction of the Borrower, shall accelerate or vote to accelerate, as applicable, the maturity of all or any Scheduled Payments and other amounts due under any Loan Asset promptly after such Loan Asset becomes defaulted.
(c)    Taxes and other Amounts. The Servicer will use its commercially reasonable efforts to collect all payments with respect to amounts due for Taxes, assessments and insurance premiums relating to each Loan Asset to the extent required to be paid to the Borrower for such application under the applicable Loan Agreement and remit such amounts to the appropriate Governmental Authority or insurer as required by the Loan Agreements.
(d)    Payments to Servicer Clearing Account. On or before the Cut-Off Date for each Loan Asset, the Servicer shall have instructed all Obligors (except for Obligors relating to Loan Assets that are actively cash managed and/or have a separate lockbox for payments pursuant to the terms of the related Loan Asset documents) to make all payments in respect of such Loan Asset directly to the Servicer Clearing Account; provided that the Servicer is not required to so instruct any Obligor which is solely a guarantor or other surety (or an Obligor that is not designated as the “lead borrower” or another such similar term) unless and until the Servicer calls on the related guaranty or secondary obligation.
(e)    Collection Account. Each of the parties hereto hereby agrees that (i) the Collection Account is intended to be a “deposit account” within the meaning of the UCC and (ii) only the Administrative Agent and the Servicer shall be entitled to exercise the rights with respect to the Collection Account and have the right to direct the disposition of funds in the Collection Account in accordance with Section 2.05. Each of the parties hereto hereby agrees to cause the Account Bank to agree with the parties hereto that regardless of any provision in any other agreement, for purposes of the UCC, with respect to the Collection Account, New York shall be deemed to be the Account Bank’s jurisdiction (within the meaning of Section 9-304 of the UCC).
(f)    Loan Agreements. Notwithstanding any term hereof to the contrary, none of the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Custodian shall be under any duty or obligation in connection with the acquisition by the Borrower of, or the grant of a security interest by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent in, any Loan Asset to examine or evaluate the sufficiency of the documents or instruments delivered to it by or on behalf of the Borrower under the related Loan Agreements, or otherwise to examine the Loan Agreements, in order to determine or compel compliance with any applicable requirements of or restrictions on transfer (including without limitation any necessary consents). The Collateral Custodian shall hold any instrument delivered to it evidencing any Loan Asset granted to the Administrative Agent hereunder as custodial agent for the Administrative Agent in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
(g)    Adjustments. If (i) the Servicer makes a deposit into the Collection Account in respect of an Interest Collection or Principal Collection of a Loan Asset and such Interest Collection or Principal Collection was received by the Servicer in the form of a check that is not honored for any reason or (ii) the Servicer makes a mistake with respect to the amount of any Interest Collection or Principal Collection and deposits an amount that is less than or more than the actual amount of such Interest Collection or Principal Collection, the Servicer shall appropriately adjust the amount subsequently deposited into the Collection Account to reflect such dishonored check or mistake. Any Scheduled Payment in respect of which a dishonored check is received shall be deemed not to have been paid.
SECTION 6.05    Realization Upon Loan Assets. The Servicer will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard to foreclose upon or repossess, as applicable, or otherwise comparably convert the ownership of any Underlying Collateral relating to a defaulted Loan Asset as to which no satisfactory arrangements can be made for collection of delinquent payments, and may, consistent with the Servicing Standard and exercising its reasonably good faith judgment to maximize value, hold for value, sell or transfer any equity or other securities shall have received in connection with a default, workout, restructuring or plan of reorganization with respect to such Loan Asset. The Servicer will comply with the Servicing Standard and Applicable Law in realizing upon such Underlying Collateral, and employ practices and procedures including commercially reasonable efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard to enforce all obligations of Obligors by foreclosing upon, repossessing and causing the sale of such Underlying Collateral at public or private sale in circumstances other than those described in the preceding sentence. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, unless the Administrative Agent has specifically given instruction to the contrary, the Servicer may cause the sale of any such Underlying Collateral to the Servicer or its Affiliates for a purchase price equal to the then fair value thereof, any such sale to be evidenced by a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Servicer delivered to the Administrative Agent setting forth the Loan Asset, the Underlying Collateral, the sale price of the Underlying Collateral and certifying that such sale price is the fair value of such Underlying Collateral. In any case in which any such Underlying Collateral has suffered damage, the Servicer will have no obligation to expend funds in connection with any repair or toward the foreclosure or repossession of such Underlying Collateral. The Servicer will remit to the Collection Account the Recoveries received in connection with the sale or disposition of Underlying Collateral relating to a defaulted Loan Asset. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Administrative Agent and Servicer shall not take any action with respect to the Collateral Portfolio, nor shall it be required to take any actions, relating to any special servicing activities (it being understood and agreed that Servicer and/or Administrative Agent shall determine whether any obligations and/or actions of the Servicer and/or Administrative Agent expressly set forth in this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents shall constitute special servicing activities), except to the extent (x) agreed to between the Borrower, Lenders, Servicer and Administrative Agent, pursuant to a separate fee letter agreement and (y) the parties to such fee agreement agree to address any conflicts presented by such performance of special servicing activities reasonably requested by Servicer and Administrative Agent including the following provisions: (i) if the Administrative Agent agrees to perform such special servicing activities on behalf of lenders, the Servicer shall not be required to take any direction or instruction from, or provide any workout or other information determined by Administrative Agent to, Borrowers or (ii) if the Servicer agrees to perform such special servicing activities on behalf of Borrowers, the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any direction or instruction from, or provide any workout or other information determined by Servicer to, Lenders.
SECTION 6.06    Servicing Compensation. As compensation for its Servicer activities hereunder, the Servicer shall be entitled to the Servicing Fee from the Borrower as set forth in the Letter Agreement, payable pursuant to the extent of funds available therefor pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.05, provided that if such amounts are insufficient then Sections 6.10 and 11.07 shall be applicable. The Servicer’s entitlement to receive the Servicing Fee shall cease on the earlier to occur of: (i) its removal as Servicer as provided in Section 6.01(b), (ii) its resignation as Servicer as provided in Section 6.09 or (iii) the termination of this Agreement; provided that the Servicer shall be entitled to any fees accrued and payable up to such date to the extent not previously paid.
SECTION 6.07    Payment of Certain Expenses by Servicer. The Borrower (or the Servicer on its behalf to the extent amounts are available in the Collection Account), will be required to pay all reasonable fees and expenses owing to any bank or trust company in connection with the maintenance of the Collection Account. The Servicer shall be reimbursed for any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred hereunder (including out-of-pocket expenses paid by the Servicer on behalf of the Borrower), subject to the availability of funds pursuant to Section 2.05; provided that, to the extent funds are not available for such reimbursement, the Servicer shall be entitled to repayment of such expenses from the Borrower and if the Borrower fails to so reimburse the Servicer, the Servicer shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the Lenders ratably (and each Lender hereby agrees to so reimburse the Servicer as provided herein) across the Term Loan Series then outstanding within 10 Business Days of receipt of an invoice therefor.
SECTION 6.08    Reports to the Administrative Agent Account Statements; Servicing Information.
(a)    Notice of Borrowing. On each Advance Date and on each prepayment of Advances Outstanding pursuant to Section 2.14, the Borrower will provide a Notice of Borrowing or a Notice of Reduction, as applicable, and a Borrowing Base Certificate, each updated as of such date, to the Administrative Agent.
(b)    Servicing Report.
(i)    On each Reporting Date, the Servicer will provide to the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Account Bank, a monthly statement including (x) a summary prepared with respect to each Obligor and with respect to each Loan Asset for such Obligor prepared as of the most recent Determination Date and substantially in the form of Exhibit H (such monthly statement, together with the amounts set forth in clause (z), collectively, a “Servicing Report”), (y) each amendment, restatement, supplement, waiver or other modification to a Loan Asset, and whether such amendment, restatement, supplement, waiver or other modification is a Material Modification signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower (for this clause (y), all to the extent received by the Servicer) and (z) identification of any Excluded Amounts.
(ii)    On each Reporting Date that includes a Payment Date in the same Month, in addition to the information provided under clause (i) above, the Servicer will include with the Servicing Report the amounts to be remitted pursuant to Section 2.05 to the applicable parties on such Payment Date (which shall include any applicable wiring instructions of the parties receiving payment) with respect to the related Payment Date to the extent not included in such Servicing Report.
(c)    Obligor Financial Statements; Valuation Reports; Other Reports. The Servicer (or the Borrower in connection with the delivery of a Borrowing Notice) will deliver to the Administrative Agent, with respect to each Obligor, (i) as soon as practicable, and prior to any Borrowing Notice delivered to the Lender making an Advance with respect to the related Loan Asset to the extent timely received by the Borrower and the Servicer pursuant to the Loan Agreement to meet such delivery guidelines, the complete financial reporting package with respect to such Obligor (including three years’ historical audited or unaudited financing statements and related information, to the extent such information is received by the Servicer) and with respect to each Loan Asset for such Obligor provided to the Borrower (and such is timely received by the Servicer) either Monthly or quarterly, as the case may be, which delivery shall be made within 45 days of the end of each Month or quarter end, as the case may be (or such longer period provided in the applicable Loan Agreement with respect to the end of an Obligor’s fiscal quarter or fiscal year), which reporting package shall include any covenant compliance certificates under the related Loan Agreement (to the extent the Servicer receives such information at least 15 days prior to the date it is required to provide such information), (ii) asset and portfolio level monitoring reports prepared by the Servicer with respect to the Loan Assets, which delivery shall be made within 45 days following the Servicer’s receipt thereof, and which would include, at a minimum, covenant and financial covenant testing as required hereunder, and (iii) the due dates and dates of collection of each Loan Asset within 45 days of the end of each Month. The Servicer will promptly deliver to the Administrative Agent, upon reasonable request and to the extent received by the Borrower and the Servicer, all other documents and information required to be delivered by the Obligors to the Borrower with respect to any Loan Asset included in the Collateral Portfolio.
(d)    Amendments to Loan Assets. The Servicer will deliver to the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Custodian a copy of any amendment, restatement, supplement, waiver or other modification to the Loan Agreement of any Loan Asset (along with any internal documents that are not privileged prepared by the Servicer and provided to its investment committee in connection with such amendment, restatement, supplement, waiver or other modification) (i) with respect to any Material Modification, promptly and in any event within 5 Business Days of request of the Administrative Agent thereof and (ii) with respect to any amendment, restatement, supplement, waiver or other modification which is not a Material Modification, within 45 days after the end of each quarter (in each case, to the extent received by the Servicer). The Servicer shall also deliver to the Lenders any notice or other correspondence that it receives hereunder or with respect to any Loan Asset, in each case, to the extent it deems such material in accordance with the Servicing Standard, promptly upon receipt thereof.
(e)    Delivery Methods. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, information required to be delivered or submitted to any Secured Party pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date upon which such information is received through e-mail or another delivery method acceptable to the Administrative Agent.
SECTION 6.09    The Servicer Not to Resign. The Servicer shall not resign from the obligations and duties hereby imposed on it except (a) upon the Servicer’s determination that (i) the performance of its duties hereunder is or becomes impermissible under Applicable Law and (ii) there is no reasonable action that the Servicer could take to make the performance of its duties hereunder permissible under Applicable Law or (b) upon at least 60 days’ prior notice to the other parties hereto. If no successor servicer shall have been appointed and an instrument of acceptance by a successor Servicer shall not have been delivered to the Servicer within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Servicer may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Servicer. No such resignation shall become effective until a Replacement Servicer shall have assumed the responsibilities and obligations of the Servicer in accordance with Section 6.02. Any Fees then due and owing to the Servicer and accrued through such date, including any expenses or indemnities it is entitled to pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and any Fee Letter, shall be due and payable on such discharge date and shall be paid from amounts in the Collection Account in accordance with Section 2.05 and if such amounts are insufficient to pay such amounts then due and owing, shall be paid by the Borrower (or the Lenders ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding if the Borrower fails to so pay such amounts) within 10 Business Days of receipt of an invoice therefor. In the event Midland resigns in its role or is terminated as Servicer, Administrative Agent, Collateral Custodian and/or the Account Bank, Midland, as applicable, shall be deemed to have concurrently resigned or been terminated, as applicable, in its role as Servicer, Administrative Agent, Collateral Custodian and/or the Account Bank, as applicable, with no further action needed by any of the parties hereto; provided that, such resignation or termination, as applicable, shall comply with the requirements of this Agreement.
SECTION 6.10    Indemnification of the Servicer. Each Lender agrees to indemnify the Servicer ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Servicer in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents, or any action taken or omitted by the Servicer hereunder or thereunder; provided that the Lenders shall not be liable for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements resulting from the Servicer’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided, further, that no action taken in accordance with the directions of the Majority Lenders, Lenders and/or the Borrower shall be deemed to constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct for purposes of this Article VI. Without limitation of the foregoing, each Lender agrees to reimburse the Servicer, ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding, promptly upon demand, for any Fees due to it hereunder, out-of-pocket expenses (including counsel fees) incurred by the Servicer in connection with the administration, modification, amendment or enforcement (whether through negotiations, legal proceedings or otherwise) of, or legal advice in respect of rights or responsibilities under, this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, to the extent that such expenses are incurred in the interests of or otherwise in respect of the Servicer or Lenders hereunder or thereunder and to the extent that the Servicer is not reimbursed for such expenses by the Borrower under Section 2.05.
SECTION 6.11    Indemnification of the Account Bank. Each Lender agrees to indemnify the Account Bank (to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrower) ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Account Bank in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents, or any action taken or omitted by the Account Bank hereunder or thereunder; provided that the Lenders shall not be liable for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements resulting from the Account Bank’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided, further, that no action taken in accordance with the directions of Majority Lenders, Lenders and/or the Borrower shall be deemed to constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct for purposes of this Article VI. Without limitation of the foregoing, each Lender agrees to reimburse the Account Bank, ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding, promptly upon demand, for any Fees due to it hereunder, out-of-pocket expenses (including counsel fees) incurred by the Account Bank in connection with the administration, modification, amendment or enforcement (whether through negotiations, legal proceedings or otherwise) of, or legal advice in respect of rights or responsibilities under, this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, to the extent that such expenses are incurred in the interests of or otherwise in respect of the Account Bank or Lenders hereunder or thereunder and to the extent that the Account Bank is not reimbursed for such expenses by the Borrower under Section 2.05.
SECTION 6.12    AML Defaults. Upon discovery by Holdings of any Holdings AML Default, by the Borrower of any Borrower AML Default and/or by any Lender, with respect to itself, of any Lender Event of Default (but, in each case, regardless of whether any notice has been given as provided in this Agreement or any cure period provided herein has expired), Holdings, the Borrower or any such Lender, as applicable, shall give prompt written notice thereof to the Servicer.
ARTICLE VII.    
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
SECTION 7.01    Events of Default. If any of the following events (each, an “Event of Default”) occurs:
(a)    the Borrower fails to make any payment of (i) any Obligation (other than the payment of any amount upon the Final Maturity Date therefor) when due and such failure is not cured within 15 business days or (ii) any Obligation on the Final Maturity Date therefor;
(b)    the Borrower defaults in making any payment required to be made under one or more agreements for borrowed money to which it is a party in an aggregate principal amount in excess of $5,000,000 and any such failure continues unremedied for 15 Business Days, or an event of default is declared under any such agreement, in each case, and such default is not cured or remedied within the applicable cure period, if any, provided for under such agreement; or
(c)    any failure on the part of the Borrower or Holdings duly to observe or perform any its covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party (other than covenants or agreements with respect to which another clause of this Section 7.01 expressly relates, which shall not, on its own, constitute an Event of Default under this clause (c)) and the same continues unremedied for a period of 30 days (if such failure can be remedied) after the earlier to occur of (i) the date on which written notice of such failure requiring the same to be remedied shall have been given to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, and (ii) the date on which a Responsible Officer of the Borrower acquires knowledge thereof; or
(d)    the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event relating to the Borrower or Holdings; or
(e)    the rendering of one or more final judgments, decrees or orders by a court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction against the Borrower or Holdings for the payment of money in excess of $5,000,000 in the aggregate (unless such judgment is covered by third party insurance as to which the insurer has been notified of such judgment, decree or order and has not denied or failed to acknowledge coverage) where the Borrower or Holdings, as applicable, shall not have either (i) discharged or provided for the discharge of any such judgment, decree or order in accordance with its terms or (ii) perfected a timely appeal, decree or order and caused the execution of the same to be stayed during the pendency of the appeal; or
(f)    the breach by the Borrower of the covenants set forth in Section 5.01(b) or any failure on the part of the Borrower duly to observe or perform any covenants or agreements of the Borrower set forth in Section 5.02 or any failure on the part of Holdings duly to observe or perform any covenants or agreements of Holdings set forth in Section 5.08; or
(g)    (1) any Transaction Document, or any Lien or security interest granted thereunder, shall (except in accordance with its terms), in whole or in part, terminate, cease to be effective or cease to be the legally valid, binding and enforceable obligation of the Borrower or Holdings; provided that, there shall be no Event of Default under this clause (g)(1) to the extent such Event of Default arises solely from the action (or inaction) of the Account Bank, the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Administrative Agent or a Lender,
(2)    the Borrower, Holdings, the Equityholder or any of their Affiliates shall, directly or indirectly, contest in writing in any manner the effectiveness, validity, binding nature or enforceability of any Transaction Document or any Lien or security interest thereunder, or
(3)    any security interest securing any obligation under any Transaction Document shall, in whole or in part, cease to be a first priority perfected security interest (subject to Permitted Liens) except as otherwise expressly permitted to be released in accordance with the applicable Transaction Document; provided that, there shall be no Event of Default under this clause (g)(3) to the extent such Event of Default arises from the action (or inaction) of the Account Bank, the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Administrative Agent or a Lender; or
(h)    any Change of Control shall occur; or
(i)    any representation, warranty or certification made by the Borrower or Holdings in any Transaction Document or in any agreement, instrument, certificate or other document delivered pursuant to any Transaction Document shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made; or
(j)     the failure of the Borrower to maintain at least one Independent Director.
then the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders, may, by notice to the Borrower, declare the Final Maturity Date of any Term Loan Series to have occurred; provided that, in the case of any event described in Section 7.01(d), the Final Maturity Date for each Term Loan Series is deemed to have occurred automatically upon the occurrence of such event. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, (i) Lenders may decline to make any Advance hereunder or terminate its commitment to make Advances hereunder, (ii) the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders may declare the Advances to be immediately due and payable in full (without presentment, demand, protest or notice of any kind all of which are hereby waived by the Borrower) and any other Obligations to be immediately due and payable, provided that, in the case of any event described in Section 7.01(d), the Advances and other Obligations become immediately due and payable in full (without presentment, demand, protest or notice of any kind all of which are hereby waived by the Borrower) without the need of any notice to the Borrower upon the occurrence of such event and (iii)  all amounts on deposit in the Collection Account shall be distributed by the Account Bank, acting at the direction of the Administrative Agent as described in Section 2.05(e) (provided that the Borrower shall in any event remain liable to pay such Advances and all such amounts and Obligations immediately in accordance with Section 2.05(d)). In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, shall have, in addition to all other rights and remedies under this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents or otherwise, all other rights and remedies provided under the UCC of the applicable jurisdiction and other Applicable Law, which rights shall be cumulative.
SECTION 7.02    Pledged Equity.
(a)    Except as otherwise set forth in Section 7.02(b) or 7.02(c):
(i)    Holdings shall be entitled to exercise any and all voting and/or other consensual rights and powers inuring to an owner of Pledged Equity or any part thereof and Holdings agrees that it shall exercise such rights for purposes consistent with the terms of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents.
(ii)    Holdings shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all dividends and other distributions paid on or distributed in respect of the Pledged Equity (without any obligation to contribute such amounts to the Collection Account), to the extent and only to the extent that such dividends and other distributions are not prohibited by the terms and conditions of this Agreement and Applicable Law; provided that any noncash dividends or other distributions that would constitute Pledged Equity, shall be and become part of the Pledged Equity, and, if received by Holdings, shall not be commingled by Holdings with any of its other property but shall be held separate and apart therefrom, shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Secured Parties and Holdings shall promptly take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure the validity, perfection and priority (subject to Permitted Liens), including promptly delivering the same to the Administrative Agent in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent). So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Administrative Agent shall cooperate with Holdings with respect to making exchanges of Pledged Equity in connection with any exchange or redemption of such Pledged Equity not prohibited by this Agreement, which such cooperation shall include delivery of any such Pledged Equity in exchange for replacement Pledged Equity. For the avoidance of doubt, the Borrower agrees to reimburse the Administrative Agent for any costs or expenses incurred due to the provisions of this Section 7.02(a)(ii).
(b)    Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (and after the delivery of notice to Holdings) or upon the occurrence of any event described in Section 7.01(d) (without notice), all rights of Holdings to dividends or other distributions that Holdings is authorized to receive pursuant to Section 7.02(a)(ii) shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Administrative Agent, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to receive and retain such dividends or other distributions. All dividends or other distributions received by Holdings contrary to the provisions of this Section 7.02(b) shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, shall be segregated from other property or funds of Holdings and shall be promptly delivered to the Administrative Agent in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent). Any and all money and other property paid over to or received by the Administrative Agent pursuant to the provisions of this Section 7.02(b) shall be retained by the Administrative Agent in the Collection Account and shall be applied in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. After all Events of Default have been waived or are no longer continuing, the Administrative Agent shall promptly repay to Holdings (without interest) all dividends or other distributions that Holdings would otherwise be permitted to retain pursuant to the terms of paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section and that remain in such account.
(c)    Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (and after the delivery of notice to Holdings) or upon the occurrence of any event described in Section 7.01(d) (without notice), then (i) all rights of Holdings to exercise the voting and consensual rights and powers it is entitled to exercise pursuant to Section 7.02(a)(i) shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Administrative Agent, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to exercise such voting and consensual rights and powers; provided that, unless otherwise directed by the Majority Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall have the right from time to time following and during the continuance of an Event of Default to permit Holdings to exercise such rights, and (ii) in order to permit the Administrative Agent to exercise the voting and other consensual rights which it may be entitled to exercise pursuant hereto and to receive all dividends and other distributions which it may be entitled to receive hereunder, Holdings shall promptly execute and deliver (or cause to be executed and delivered) to the Administrative Agent all proxies, dividend payment orders and other instruments as the Administrative Agent may from time to time reasonably request. After all Events of Default have been waived, Holdings shall have the exclusive right to exercise the voting and/or consensual rights and powers that Holdings would otherwise be entitled to exercise pursuant to the terms of Section 7.02(a)(i).
(d)    Any notice given by the Administrative Agent to the Borrower under this Section 7.02 shall be given in writing.
SECTION 7.03    Additional Remedies.
(a)    Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default, and without limiting the remedies provided in this Article VII, the Administrative Agent may (and at the direction of the Majority Lenders shall) (i) sell or otherwise dispose of any of the Collateral or the Pledged Equity at public or private sales and take possession of the proceeds of any such sale or disposition, (ii) instruct the obligor or obligors on any account, agreement, instrument or other obligation constituting Collateral or Pledged Equity to make any payment required by the terms of such account, agreement, instrument or other obligation directly to the Administrative Agent, (iii) give notice of sole control or any other instruction under the Collection Account Agreement and take any action therein with respect to Collateral subject thereto, (iv) in accordance with Section 7.02, transfer and register in its name or in the name of its nominee the whole or any part of the Pledged Equity, exchange certificates or instruments representing or evidencing Pledged Equity for certificates or instruments of smaller or larger denominations, exercise the voting and all other rights as a holder with respect thereto, including exchange, subscription or any other rights, privileges or options pertaining to any Pledged Equity, and otherwise act with respect to the Pledged Equity as though the Administrative Agent was the absolute owner thereof and (v) in accordance with Section 7.02, collect and receive all cash dividends, interest, principal and other distributions made on any Pledged Equity.
(b)    Any Collateral or Pledged Equity to be sold or otherwise disposed of pursuant to this Article VI may be sold or disposed of in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales (which sales may be adjourned or continued from time to time with or without notice upon such terms and conditions as the Administrative Agent may deem commercially reasonable and at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk. Any sale or disposition of Collateral or Pledged Equity may be made without the Administrative Agent giving warranties of any kind with respect to such sale or disposition and the Administrative Agent may specifically disclaim any warranties of title or the like. The Administrative Agent may comply with any applicable state or federal law requirements in connection with a sale or disposition of the Collateral or Pledged Equity and compliance will not be considered to adversely affect the commercial reasonableness of any such sale or disposition. If any notice of a proposed sale or disposition of the Collateral or Pledged Equity is required by law, such notice is deemed commercially reasonable and proper if given at least ten days before such sale or disposition. The Administrative Agent has the right upon any public sale of Collateral or Pledged Equity and, to the extent permitted by law, upon any such private sale of Collateral or Pledged Equity, to purchase the whole or any part of the Collateral or Pledged Equity so sold or disposed of free of any right of equity redemption, which equity redemption the Borrower hereby waives. Upon any sale or disposition of Collateral or Pledged Equity, the Administrative Agent has the right to deliver and transfer to the purchaser or transferee thereof the Collateral or Pledged Equity so sold or disposed of.
(c)    For the avoidance of doubt, this Agreement (including, without limitation, this Article VII) shall be subject to the special servicing activities provisions in Section 6.05.
ARTICLE VIII.    
INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 8.01    Indemnities by the Borrower.
(a)    Without limiting any other rights which the Secured Parties or any of their respective Affiliates may have hereunder or under Applicable Law, the Borrower shall indemnify the Secured Parties and each of their respective Affiliates, assigns, officers, directors, employees and agents (each, an “Indemnified Party” for purposes of this Article VIII) from and against any and all damages, losses, claims, liabilities and related costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (all of the foregoing being collectively referred to as “Indemnified Amounts”), incurred by or asserted such Indemnified Party arising out of or as a result of (i) this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents or in respect of any of the Collateral, (ii) any Advance Credit or the use or proposed use of the proceeds therefrom or (iii) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by the Borrower, and regardless of whether any Indemnified Party is a party thereto, excluding, however, Indemnified Amounts to the extent resulting solely from gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of an Indemnified Party as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction.
(b)    Any amounts subject to the indemnification provisions of this Section 8.01 shall be paid by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent on behalf of the applicable Indemnified Party within thirty days following receipt by the Borrower of the Administrative Agent’s written demand therefor on behalf of the applicable Indemnified Party (and the Administrative Agent shall pay such amounts to the applicable Indemnified Party promptly after the receipt by the Administrative Agent of such amounts). The Administrative Agent, on behalf of any Indemnified Party making a request for indemnification under this Section 8.01, shall submit to the Borrower a certificate setting forth in reasonable detail the basis for and the computations of the Indemnified Amounts with respect to which such indemnification is requested, which certificate shall be conclusive absent demonstrable error.
(c)    If for any reason the indemnification provided above in this Section 8.01 is unavailable to the Indemnified Party or is insufficient to hold an Indemnified Party harmless in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, then the Borrower shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits received by such Indemnified Party on the one hand and the Borrower on the other hand but also the relative fault of such Indemnified Party as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.
(d)    If the Borrower has made any payments in respect of Indemnified Amounts to the Administrative Agent on behalf of an Indemnified Party pursuant to this Section 8.01 and such Indemnified Party thereafter collects any of such amounts from others, such Indemnified Party will promptly repay such amounts collected to the Borrower in an amount equal to the amount it has collected from others in respect of such Indemnified Amounts, without interest.
(e)    The obligations of the Borrower under this Section 8.01 shall survive the resignation or removal of the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank or the Collateral Custodian or the termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 8.02    Legal Proceedings. In the event an Indemnified Party becomes involved in any action, claim, or legal, governmental or administrative proceeding (an “Action”) for which it seeks indemnification hereunder, the Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the other party or parties against whom it seeks indemnification (the “Indemnifying Party”) in writing of the nature and particulars of the Action; provided that its failure to do so shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations hereunder except to the extent such failure has a material adverse effect on the Indemnifying Party. Upon written notice to the Indemnified Party acknowledging in writing that the indemnification provided hereunder applies to the Indemnified Party in connection with the Action, the Indemnifying Party may assume the defense of the Action at its expense with counsel reasonably acceptable to the Indemnified Party. The Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain separate counsel in connection with the Action, and the Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for the legal fees and expenses of the Indemnified Party after the Indemnifying Party has done so; provided that if the Indemnified Party determines in good faith that there may be a conflict between the positions of the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party in connection with the Action, or that the Indemnifying Party is not conducting the defense of the Action in a manner reasonably protective of the interests of the Indemnified Party, the reasonable legal fees and expenses of the Indemnified Party shall be paid by the Indemnifying Party. If the Indemnifying Party elects to assume the defense of the Action, it shall have full control over the conduct of such defense; provided that the Indemnifying Party and its counsel shall, as reasonably requested by the Indemnified Party or its counsel, consult with and keep them informed with respect to the conduct of such defense. The Indemnifying Party shall not settle an Action without the prior written approval of the Indemnified Party unless such settlement provides for the full and unconditional release of the Indemnified Party from all liability in connection with the Action. The Indemnified Party shall reasonably cooperate with the Indemnifying Party in connection with the defense of the Action. Each applicable Indemnified Party shall deliver to the Indemnifying Party within a reasonable time after such Indemnified Party’s receipt thereof, copies of all notices and documents (including court papers) received by such Indemnified Party relating to the claim giving rise to the Indemnified Amounts.
ARTICLE IX.    
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
SECTION 9.01    The Administrative Agent.
(a)    Appointment. Each Lender hereby appoints Midland to act on its behalf as the Administrative Agent under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions as agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof and thereof, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained elsewhere in this Agreement or in any other Transaction Document, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities, except those expressly set forth in this Agreement, nor shall the Administrative Agent have or be deemed to have any fiduciary relationship with any Lender, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or otherwise exist against the Administrative Agent. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, the use of the term “agent” in this Agreement with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any Applicable Law. Instead, such term is used merely as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between independent contracting parties.
(b)    Certain Duties of Administrative Agent. On and after the Initial Advance Date and until its removal pursuant to Section 9.01(j), but without limiting the Administrative Agent’s duties set forth elsewhere in this Article IX, the Administrative Agent shall perform, on behalf of the Secured Parties, the following duties and obligations:
(i)    The Administrative Agent shall calculate amounts to be remitted pursuant to Section 2.05 to the applicable parties and notify the Servicer in the event of any discrepancy between the Administrative Agent’s calculations and the Servicing Report (such dispute to be resolved in accordance with Section 2.06;
(ii)    The Administrative Agent shall instruct the Account Bank to make payments pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Report or as otherwise directed in accordance with Sections 2.05 or 2.06 (the “Payment Duties”).
(iii)    The Administrative Agent shall provide to the Servicer a copy of all written notices and communications identified as being sent to it in connection with the Loan Assets and the other Collateral Portfolio held hereunder which it receives from the related Obligor, participating bank or agent bank. In no instance shall the Administrative Agent be under any duty or obligation to take any action on behalf of the Servicer in respect of the exercise of any voting or consent rights, or similar actions, unless it receives specific written instructions from the Servicer, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default, in which event the Administrative Agent shall vote, consent or take such other action in accordance with such instructions.
(iv)    The Lenders hereby direct the Administrative Agent and the Administrative Agent is authorized to enter into the Collection Account Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, all of the Administrative Agent’s rights, protections and immunities provided herein shall apply to the Administrative Agent for any actions taken or omitted to be taken under the Collection Account Agreement in such capacity.
(v)    The Administrative Agent hereby agrees to provide notice to the Lenders of any termination of the Collection Account Agreement immediately upon becoming aware of such termination. In the event of such termination, the Administrative Agent (acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders, who will consult with the Borrower) shall designate a replacement Account Bank and Collection Account and request that the existing Account Bank wire any funds in the existing Collection Account to the replacement Collection Account so designated in accordance with this clause (v).
(c)    Delegation of Duties. The Administrative Agent may execute any of its duties and exercise its rights and powers under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document by or through sub-agents or attorneys in fact appointed by the Administrative Agent and shall be entitled to advice of counsel concerning all matters pertaining to such duties. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agent or attorney in fact that it selects with reasonable care.
(d)    Administrative Agent’s or Servicer’s Reliance, Limitation of Liability, Etc.
(i)    The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it under or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction. Without limiting the foregoing, the Administrative Agent: (i) may consult with legal counsel (including counsel for the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or the Servicer), independent public accountants and other experts selected by it and shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken in good faith by it in accordance with the advice of such counsel, accountants or experts; (ii) shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (a) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, (b) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (c) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Event of Default or Unmatured Event of Default, (d) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Transaction Document or any other agreement, instrument or document, or (e) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article III or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent; and (iii) shall incur no liability under or in respect of this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents for relying on any notice (including notice by telephone), consent, certificate or other instrument or writing (which may be by facsimile) believed by it to be genuine and signed or sent by the proper party or parties.
(ii)    The Administrative Agent makes no warranty or representation and shall have no responsibility (except as expressly set forth in this Agreement) as to the content, enforceability, completeness, validity, sufficiency, value, genuineness, ownership or transferability of the Collateral Portfolio, and will not be required to and will not make any representations as to the validity or value (except as expressly set forth in this Agreement) of any of the Collateral Portfolio. The Administrative Agent shall not be obligated to take any legal action hereunder that might in its judgment involve any expense or liability unless it has been furnished with an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it.
(iii)    It is expressly agreed and acknowledged that the Administrative Agent is not guaranteeing performance of or assuming any liability for the obligations of the other parties hereto or any parties to the Collateral Portfolio.
(iv)    The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for the acts or omissions of the Collateral Custodian under this Agreement and shall not be required to monitor the performance of the Collateral Custodian. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Administrative Agent shall have no duty to perform any of the duties of the Collateral Custodian under this Agreement.
(e)    Actions by Administrative Agent.
(i)    Each Lender authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such action as agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents as are expressly delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof and thereof, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. In furtherance, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Lender hereby appoints the Administrative Agent as its agent to execute and deliver all further instruments and documents, and take all further action that the Administrative Agent deems necessary or desirable in order to perfect, protect or more fully evidence the security interests granted by the Borrower and Holdings hereunder, or to enable any of them to exercise or enforce any of their respective rights hereunder, including, without limitation, the execution by the Administrative Agent as secured party/assignee of such financing or continuation statements, or amendments thereto or assignments thereof, relative to all or any of the Loan Assets now existing or hereafter arising, and such other instruments or notices, as may be necessary or appropriate for the purposes stated hereinabove. Nothing in this Section 9.01(e)(i) shall be deemed to relieve the Borrower or the Servicer of their respective obligations to protect the interest of the Administrative Agent (for the benefit of the Secured Parties) in the Collateral or the Pledged Equity, including to file financing and continuation statements in respect of the Collateral or the Pledged Equity in accordance with the Transaction Documents, including Section 5.01(m).
(ii)    The Administrative Agent is not required to take any action under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or Applicable Law. The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document with the consent or at the request of the Majority Lenders (or all Lenders, as applicable and as set forth in Sections 7.01 and 11.01). In the event the Administrative Agent requests the consent of a Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions and the Administrative Agent does not receive a consent (either positive or negative) from such Person within ten Business Days of such Person’s receipt of such request, then such Lender shall be deemed to have declined to consent to the relevant action. For all purposes of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, the Lenders shall direct the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Custodian, and the Account Bank, as applicable, what lender consent is required for a particular amendment, waiver and/or consent.
(f)    Notice of Event of Default, Unmatured Event of Default or Servicer Termination Event. The Administrative Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of an Event of Default, Unmatured Event of Default or Servicer Termination Event, unless the Administrative Agent has received written notice from a Lender, the Borrower or the Servicer referring to this Agreement, describing such Event of Default, Unmatured Event of Default or Servicer Termination Event and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Event of Default,” “Notice of Unmatured Event of Default” or “Notice of Servicer Termination Event,” as applicable. The Administrative Agent shall (subject to Section 9.01(d)) take such action with respect to such Event of Default, Unmatured Event of Default or Servicer Termination Event as may be requested by the Majority Lenders acting jointly or as the Administrative Agent shall deem advisable or in the best interest of the Administrative Agent.
(g)    Credit Decision with Respect to the Administrative Agent. Each Lender acknowledges that none of the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates has made any representation or warranty to it (other than as set forth in this Agreement), and that no act by the Administrative Agent hereinafter taken, including any consent to and acceptance of any assignment or review of the affairs of the Borrower, the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian or any of their respective Affiliates or review or approval of any of the Collateral Portfolio, shall be deemed to constitute any representation or warranty by any of the Administrative Agent or its Affiliates to any Lender as to any matter, including whether the Administrative Agent has disclosed material information in its possession. Each Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, or any of the Administrative Agent’s Affiliates, and based upon such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own evaluation and decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party. Each Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, or any of the Administrative Agent’s Affiliates, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party.
(h)    Indemnification of the Administrative Agent. Each Lender agrees to indemnify the Administrative Agent, to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrower (or the Servicer on the Borrower’s behalf from amounts available in the Collection Account for payment thereof), ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding, from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Administrative Agent in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents, or any action taken or omitted by the Administrative Agent hereunder or thereunder; provided that the Lenders shall not be liable for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements resulting from the Administrative Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided, further, that no action taken in accordance with the directions of the Majority Lenders shall be deemed to constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct for purposes of this Article IX. Without limitation of the foregoing, each Lender agrees to reimburse the Administrative Agent, ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding, promptly upon demand, for any Fees due to it hereunder, out-of-pocket expenses (including counsel fees) incurred by the Administrative Agent in connection with the administration, modification, amendment or enforcement (whether through negotiations, legal proceedings or otherwise) of, or legal advice in respect of rights or responsibilities under, this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, to the extent that such expenses are incurred in the interests of or otherwise in respect of the Administrative Agent or Lenders hereunder or thereunder and to the extent that the Administrative Agent is not reimbursed for such expenses by the Borrower (or the Servicer on the Borrower’s behalf solely from the Collection Account, to the extent amounts are available therefore under Section 2.05).
(i)    Successor Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent may resign at any time, effective upon the appointment and acceptance of a successor Administrative Agent as provided below, by giving at least 60 days’ written notice thereof to the Initial Lender and the Borrower and may be removed at any time with cause by the Majority Lenders and the Borrower acting jointly. Upon any such resignation or removal, the Borrower and the Majority Lenders acting jointly shall appoint a successor Administrative Agent (provided that the consent of the Borrower shall not be required after the occurrence, and during the continuance, of an Event of Default). The Majority Lenders agree they shall not unreasonably withhold or delay its approval of the appointment of a successor Administrative Agent. If no successor Administrative Agent shall have been appointed and an instrument of acceptance by a successor Administrative Agent shall not have been delivered to the Initial Lender and the Borrower within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Administrative Agent may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Administrative Agent. If no such successor Administrative Agent shall have been so appointed, and shall have accepted such appointment, within 60 days after the retiring Administrative Agent’s giving of notice of resignation or the removal of the retiring Administrative Agent, then the retiring Administrative Agent may, on behalf of the Secured Parties, appoint a successor Administrative Agent which successor Administrative Agent shall be either (i) a commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof and have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 or (ii) an Affiliate of such a bank. No such resignation shall become effective until a replacement Administrative Agent shall have assumed the responsibilities and obligations of the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 9.01. Upon the acceptance of any appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder by a successor Administrative Agent, such successor Administrative Agent shall thereupon succeed to and become vested with all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Administrative Agent, and the retiring Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations under this Agreement. Any Fees then due and owing to the Administrative Agent and accrued through such date, including any expenses or indemnities it is entitled to pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and any Fee Letter, shall be due and payable on such discharge date and shall be paid from amounts in the Collection Account in accordance with Section 2.05 and if such amounts are insufficient to pay such amounts then due and owing, shall be paid by the Borrower (or the Lenders ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding if the Borrower fails to so pay such amounts) within 10 Business Days of receipt of an invoice therefor. After any retiring Administrative Agent’s resignation or removal hereunder as Administrative Agent, the provisions of this Article IX shall continue to inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Administrative Agent under this Agreement.
(j)    Payments by the Administrative Agent. Unless specifically allocated to a specific Lender, all amounts received by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders shall be allocated in accordance with their related Lender’s respective Pro Rata Share on the Business Day received by the Administrative Agent, unless such amounts are received after 12:00 noon on such Business Day, in which case the Administrative Agent shall use its reasonable efforts to pay such amounts to each Lender on such Business Day, but, in any event, shall pay such amounts to such Lender not later than the following Business Day.
(k)    Fees. Pursuant to the Agent Fee Letter, the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to payment for its services in accordance with Article II hereof. The Administrative Agent will not make any changes to the Fees owing to it or amend, restate, supplement or otherwise modify the Agent Fee Letter without the prior written approval of the Lenders.
(l)    Action at Direction of Majority Lenders. To the extent the Administrative Agent is required to take or refrain from taking any action hereunder at the request of the Majority Lenders and for any reason, the Majority Lenders fail to agree on such action or inaction, then the Administrative Agent shall act at the direction of the Initial Lender in its reasonable discretion.
SECTION 9.02    Collateral Matters.
(a)    Each Lender authorizes the Administrative Agent to release any Lien on any Collateral granted to or held by the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document (i) as provided in Section 2.12 or (ii) if approved, authorized or ratified in writing in accordance with Section 11.01. Upon request by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Majority Lenders will confirm in writing the Administrative Agent’s authority to release its interest in particular types or items of property. In each case as specified in this Section 9.12, the Administrative Agent will, at the Borrower’s expense, execute and deliver to the Servicer such documents as the Servicer may reasonably request to evidence the release of such item of Collateral from the assignment and security interest granted under this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents and this Section 9.12.
(b)    The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have a duty to ascertain or inquire into any representation or warranty regarding the existence, value or collectability of the Collateral, the existence, priority or perfection of the Administrative Agent’s Lien thereon, or any certificate prepared by the Borrower or the Servicer in connection therewith, nor shall the Administrative Agent be responsible or liable to the Lenders for any failure to monitor or maintain any portion of the Collateral.
(c)    It is understood and agreed that the Administrative Agent (i) shall have no responsibility with respect to the determination of whether any Pledged Equity is certificated or uncertificated and (ii) the Administrative Agent shall only be responsible for holding Pledged Equity to the extent actually received.
SECTION 9.03    Performance Conditions. The obligations of Midland to effect the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the following conditions:
(a)    (i) Midland shall have completed its due diligence with respect to the Borrower and each Lender in order to satisfy compliance with laws and regulations applicable to financial institutions in connection with this transaction (e.g., the USA PATRIOT Act, OFAC and related regulations), and (i) Midland shall have been satisfied with the results of such due diligence in its sole discretion;
(b)    Contemporaneously with the execution of this Agreement and from time to time as necessary during the term of this Agreement, Holdings and the Borrower shall deliver to the Servicer evidence satisfactory to the Servicer substantiating that it is not a Non-Exempt Person and that Midland is not obligated under applicable law to withhold Taxes on sums paid to it with respect to the Loan Assets or otherwise under this Agreement. Without limiting the effect of the foregoing, (i) if Holdings or the Borrower, as applicable, are created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, it shall satisfy the requirements of the preceding sentence by furnishing to the Servicer an Internal Revenue Service Form W‑9 and (ii) if Holdings or the Borrower is not created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, and if the payment of interest or other amounts by Holdings or the Borrower is treated for United States income tax purposes as derived in whole or part from sources within the United States, Holdings or the Borrower, as applicable, shall satisfy the requirements of the preceding sentence by furnishing to the Servicer an Internal Revenue Service Form W‑8ECI, Form W‑8EXP, Form W‑8IMY (with appropriate attachments) or Form W‑8BEN, or successor forms, as may be required from time to time, duly executed by Holdings and/or the Borrower, as applicable, as evidence of such party’s exemption from the withholding of United States tax with respect thereto. Midland shall not be obligated to make any payment hereunder to Holdings or the Borrower until Holdings and the Borrower shall have furnished to the Servicer the requested forms, certificates, statements or documents; and
(c)    In each and every case of a Holdings AML Default, Borrower AML Default or a Lender Event of Default, Midland may, by notice in writing to Borrower and the Lenders, in addition to whatever rights Midland may have at law or in equity, including injunctive relief and specific performance, immediately resign as Servicer, Administrative Agent, Collateral Custodian and Account Bank (notwithstanding any provision in Sections 6.09, 9.01(i), 12.07 or otherwise in this Agreement, but subject to the provisions set forth in this Section 9.03(c)), without Midland incurring any penalty or fee of any kind whatsoever in connection therewith. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, no remedy provided for by this Agreement shall be exclusive of any other remedy, and each and every remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to any other remedy, and no delay or omission to exercise any right or remedy shall impair any such right or remedy or shall be deemed to be a waiver of any Holdings AML Default, Borrower AML Default or Lender Event of Default. On or after the receipt by Holdings, the Borrower and any Lender of a written notice of resignation from Midland pursuant to this Section 9.03(c), (i) all payments communications, determinations and other obligations provided to be made by, to or through Midland shall instead be made by, to or through each Lender until such time as a successor to Midland has been appointed as provided by this Agreement, (ii) the Administrative Agent shall continue to hold its security interest in the Collateral and the Pledged Equity on behalf of the Secured Parties until assigned to the Lenders, (iii) the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Collateral and the Pledged Equity is immediately and automatically assigned to the Lenders without any action on the part of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders, and (iv) Midland’s obligations under this Agreement shall terminate. After the receipt by Holdings, the Borrower and any Lender of a written notice of resignation from Midland pursuant to this Section 9.03(c), (A) the Administrative Agent shall deliver such Collateral or Pledged Equity as it possesses to the Initial Lender or such other Person as the Initial Lender designates in writing and shall execute and deliver such assignments, releases and other similar documents as are reasonably requested by the Lenders to evidence the assignment described in clause (iii) above and (B) the Collateral Custodian shall deliver all Loan Asset Files to the Initial Lender or such other Person as the Initial Lender designates in writing, in all cases at the sole cost and expense of the Borrower. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon any such termination, Midland will be entitled to receive all accrued Fees, indemnities and expenses through the date of termination.
(d)    AML Covenants. The obligations of Midland to effect any transaction contemplated hereby shall be subject to (1) Holding’s compliance with all Applicable Laws, including Anti-Terrorism Laws, and the continued truthfulness and completeness of Holding’s representations and warranties found in Section 4.06(l), (2) Borrower's compliance with all Applicable Laws, including Anti-Terrorism Laws, and the continued truthfulness and completeness of Borrower's representations and warranties found in Section 4.01(bb) and (3) each Lender's compliance with Anti-Terrorism Laws, and the continued truthfulness and completeness of each Lender's representations and warranties found in Section 4.04(d).
SECTION 9.04    Post-Closing Performance Conditions. The parties hereto agree to cooperate with reasonable requests made by any other party hereto after signing this Agreement to the extent reasonable necessary for such party to comply with laws and regulations applicable to financial institutions in connection with this transaction (e.g., the USA PATRIOT Act, OFAC and related regulations).
ARTICLE X.    
[RESERVED]
ARTICLE XI.    
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 11.01    Amendments and Waivers.
(a)    Except as set forth herein, (i) no amendment or modification of any provision of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document shall be effective without the written agreement of the Borrower and the Majority Lenders and, solely if such amendment or modification would adversely affect the rights or obligations of the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank or the Collateral Custodian, the written agreement of the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank or the Collateral Custodian, as applicable and (ii) no termination or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or consent to any departure therefrom by the Borrower or the Servicer shall be effective without the written concurrence of the Administrative Agent and the Majority Lenders. Any waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given.
(b)    Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 11.01(a), the written consent of all of the Lenders shall be required for any amendment, modification or waiver (i) reducing (without payment thereon) the principal amount due and owing under any outstanding Advances under such Term Loan Series, or the Term Loan Series Rate thereon, (ii) postponing any date for any payment of any Advance under such Term Loan Series, or the Term Loan Series Rate thereon, (iii) modifying the provisions of this Section 11.01 or the Definition of Majority Lenders or change any other provision specifying the number or percentage of Lenders required to amend, waive or otherwise modify any rights or make any determination or grant any consent, (iv) extending the Scheduled Maturity Date or Availability Period with respect to such Term Loan Series, (v) of any provision of Section 2.05, (vi) extend or increase any Commitment of any Lender, (vii) change Section 11.15 in a manner that would alter the pro rata sharing of payments required thereby without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby, (viii) waive any condition set forth in Section 3.02 or (ix) consent to the Borrower’s assignment or transfer of its rights and obligations under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or release all or substantially all of the Collateral except as expressly authorized in this Agreement.
SECTION 11.02    Notices, Etc. All notices and other communications hereunder shall, unless otherwise stated herein, be in writing (which shall include facsimile communication and communication by e-mail) and faxed, e-mailed or delivered, to each party hereto, at its address set forth below and with respect to the Initial Lender as set forth in the Letter Agreement:
If to the Borrower:
KREF Lending VII LLC
9 West 57
th Street
Suite 4200
New York, New York 10019
Attn: Patrick Mattson

With a copy to:
Simpson Thacher and Bartlett LLP
425 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY, 10017
Attn: Adam Shapiro
Email: AShapiro@stblaw.com
If to Holdings:
KREF Holdings VII LLC
9 West 57
th Street
Suite 4200
New York, New York 10019
Attn: Patrick Mattson
With a copy to:
Simpson Thacher and Bartlett LLP
425 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY, 10017
Attn: Adam Shapiro
Email: AShapiro@stblaw.com
If to the Servicer:
Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association
10851 Mastin, Suite 300
Overland Park, KS 66210
With a copy to:
Andrascik & Tita LLC
4084 Autumn Ridge Road
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18017
Attn: Stephanie M. Tita
Email: stephanie@kanlegal.com
If to a Lender:
To the address on file with the Administrative Agent
If to the Administrative Agent:
Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association
10851 Mastin, Suite 300
Overland Park, KS 66210
With a copy to:
Andrascik & Tita LLC
4084 Autumn Ridge Road
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18017
Attn: Stephanie M. Tita
Email: stephanie@kanlegal.com
If to the Collateral Custodian
PNC Bank, National Association
3232 Newmark Drive
Miamisburg, OH 45342
Attn: Jan Kiwacka
Email: janice.kiwacka@pnc.com

With a copy to:
Andrascik & Tita LLC
4084 Autumn Ridge Road
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18017
Attn: Stephanie M. Tita
Email: stephanie@kanlegal.com
or at such other address as shall be designated by such party in a written notice to the other parties hereto. Notices and communications by facsimile and e-mail shall be effective when sent (and shall be followed by hard copy sent by regular mail), and notices and communications sent by other means shall be effective when received.
SECTION 11.03    No Waiver Remedies. No failure on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. The remedies herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law.
SECTION 11.04    Binding Effect; Assignability; Multiple Lenders.
(a)    This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Borrower, the Servicer, the Administrative Agent, each Lender, the Collateral Custodian and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Each Lender and their respective successors and assigns may assign, or grant a security interest or sell a participation interest in, (i) this Agreement and such Lender’s rights and obligations hereunder and interest herein in whole or in part (including by way of the sale of participation interests therein) or (ii) any Advance (or portion thereof) or any Term Loan Note (or any portion thereof) to any Eligible Assignee; provided that prior to an Event of Default, consent of the Borrower (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld) shall be required for a Lender to assign to any Person that is not an Affiliate of such Lender. Any such assignee shall execute and deliver to the Servicer, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent a fully-executed Assignment and Assumption Agreement. The parties to any such assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent for its acceptance and recording in its books and records, such agreement or document as may be satisfactory to such parties and the Administrative Agent. Neither the Borrower nor the Servicer may assign, or permit any Lien to exist upon, any of its rights or obligations hereunder or under any Transaction Document or any interest herein or in any Transaction Document without the prior written consent of the Lenders unless otherwise contemplated hereby. Nothing in this Agreement or the Assignment and Assumption Agreement can restrict or delay a Lender’s ability to assign or sell a participating in its interests hereunder to an Affiliate. No assignment or sale of a participation under this Section 11.04 shall be effective unless and until properly recorded in the Register or Participant Register, as applicable, pursuant to Section 2.11.
(b)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 11.04, any Lender may at any time pledge or grant a security interest in all or any portion of its rights (including, without limitation, rights to payment of principal and interest) under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender to a Federal Reserve Bank, without notice to or consent of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent; provided that no such pledge or grant of a security interest shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or under such Liquidity Agreement, or substitute any such pledgee or grantee for such Lender as a party hereto or to such Liquidity Agreement, as the case may be.
(c)    Each Indemnified Party shall be an express third party beneficiary of this Agreement.
SECTION 11.05    Term of This Agreement. This Agreement, including, without limitation, the Borrower’s representations and covenants set forth in Articles IV and V, Holding’s representations and covenants set forth in Articles IV and V, the Servicer’s representations, covenants and duties set forth in Articles IV, V and VI and the Collateral Custodian’s representations, covenants and duties set forth in Articles IV, V and XII shall remain in full force and effect until this Agreement has been terminated by the Borrower and the Facility Termination Date has occurred; provided that any representation and warranty made or deemed made hereunder survive the execution and delivery hereof and the provisions of Section 2.08, Section 2.09, Section 2.17, Section 11.07, Section 11.08 and Article VI, Article VIII, Article IX and Article XII shall be continuing and shall survive any termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 11.06    GOVERNING LAW; JURY WAIVER. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION ARISING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREUNDER.
SECTION 11.07    Costs, Expenses and Taxes.
(a)    In addition to the rights of indemnification hereunder, the Borrower shall pay on demand (i) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses of the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank and the Collateral Custodian incurred in connection with the pre-closing due diligence, preparation, execution, delivery, administration, syndication, renewal, amendment or modification of, any waiver or consent issued in connection with, this Agreement, the Transaction Documents and the other documents to be delivered hereunder or in connection herewith, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of rating agency and accounting costs and fees, the reasonable fees and out-of-pocket expenses of counsel for the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Servicer, the Account Bank and the Collateral Custodian with respect thereto and with respect to advising the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank, the Lenders and the Collateral Custodian as to their respective rights and remedies under this Agreement and the other documents to be delivered hereunder or in connection herewith, and (ii) all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses, if any (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses), incurred by the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Account Bank, the Servicer or the Collateral Custodian in connection with the enforcement or potential enforcement of its rights under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document and the other documents to be delivered hereunder or in connection herewith or in connection with the Advances made hereunder, including all such out of pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Advances
(b)    The Borrower shall pay promptly in accordance with Applicable Law any and all stamp, sales, excise and other Taxes and fees payable or determined to be payable to any Governmental Authority in connection with the execution, delivery, filing and recording of this Agreement, or any other Transaction Documents, except any such Taxes or fees that are imposed as the result of any other present or former connection between any Lender and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising from such Lender having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Transaction Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any loan made pursuant to this Agreement) with respect to an assignment (“Other Taxes”).
SECTION 11.08    Recourse Against Certain Parties.
(a)    No recourse under or with respect to any obligation, covenant or agreement (including, without limitation, the payment of any fees or any other obligations) of the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party as contained in this Agreement or any other agreement, instrument or document entered into by the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall be had against any administrator of the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party or any incorporator, affiliate, stockholder, officer, employee or director of the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party or of any such administrator, as such, by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding, by virtue of any statute or otherwise; it being expressly agreed and understood that the agreements of each party hereto contained in this Agreement and all of the other agreements, instruments and documents entered into by the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party pursuant hereto or in connection herewith are, in each case, solely the corporate obligations of such party (and nothing in this Section 11.08 shall be construed to diminish in any way such corporate obligations of such party), and that no personal liability whatsoever shall attach to or be incurred by any administrator of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party or any incorporator, stockholder, affiliate, officer, employee or director of the Lenders, the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, or the Administrative Agent or of any such administrator, as such, or any of them, under or by reason of any of the obligations, covenants or agreements of the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party contained in this Agreement or in any other such instruments, documents or agreements, or are implied therefrom, and that any and all personal liability of every such administrator of the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party and each incorporator, stockholder, affiliate, officer, employee or director of the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party or of any such administrator, or any of them, for breaches by the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party of any such obligations, covenants or agreements, which liability may arise either at common law or in equity, by statute or constitution, or otherwise, is hereby expressly waived as a condition of and in consideration for the execution of this Agreement.
(b)    Notwithstanding any contrary provision set forth herein, no claim may be made by the Borrower or any other Person against the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, or any Secured Party or their respective Affiliates, directors, officers, employees, attorneys or agents for any special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages in respect to any claim for breach of contract or any other theory of liability arising out of or related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or any act, omission or event occurring in connection therewith; and the Borrower hereby waives, releases, and agrees not to sue upon any claim for any such damages, whether or not accrued and whether or not known or suspected.
(c)    No obligation or liability to any Obligor under any of the Loan Assets is intended to be assumed by the Servicer, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders or any Secured Party under or as a result of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
(d)    The provisions of this Section 11.08 shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 11.09    Execution in Counterparts; Severability; Integration. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which when taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by e-mail in portable document format (.pdf) or facsimile shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. In the event that any provision in or obligation under this Agreement shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions or obligations, or of such provision or obligation in any other jurisdiction, shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. This Agreement and any agreements or letters (including Fee Letters) executed in connection herewith contains the final and complete integration of all prior expressions by the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, superseding all prior oral or written understandings other than any Fee Letter delivered by the Servicer to the Administrative Agent .
SECTION 11.10    Consent to Jurisdiction; Service of Process.
(a)    Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or Federal court sitting in New York City in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Transaction Documents, and each party hereto hereby irrevocably agrees that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State court or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court. The parties hereto hereby irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent they may effectively do so, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding. The parties hereto agree that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.
(b)    Each of the Borrower and the Servicer agrees that service of process may be effected by mailing a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, to the Borrower or the Servicer, as applicable, at its address specified in Section 11.02 or at such other address as the Administrative Agent shall have been notified in accordance herewith. Nothing in this Section 12.10 shall affect the right of the Lenders or the Administrative Agent to serve legal process in any other manner permitted by law.
SECTION 11.11    Confidentiality.
(a)    Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Servicer, the Account Bank, and the Collateral Custodian shall maintain and shall cause each of its employees and officers to maintain the confidentiality of all Information (as defined below), including all Information regarding the business of the Borrower and the Servicer and their respective businesses obtained by it or them in connection with the structuring, negotiating and execution of the transactions contemplated herein, except that Information may be disclosed (i) to its Affiliates, accountants, investigators, auditors, attorneys or other agents, including any rating agency or valuation firm engaged by such party in connection with any due diligence or comparable activities with respect to the transactions and Loan Assets contemplated herein, and the agents of such Persons, taxing authorities and governmental agencies (“Excepted Persons”); provided that each Excepted Person is informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential, (ii) as is required by Applicable Law, (iii) in accordance with the Servicing Standard, (iv) when required by any law, regulation, ordinance, court order or subpoena, (v) to the extent the Servicer is disseminating general statistical information relating to the mortgage loans being serviced by the Servicer (including the Loan Assets) hereunder so long as the Servicer does not identify the Borrower, any Lender or the Obligors or (vi) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or under any other Loan Document or any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.11(a), the Servicer may, subject to Applicable Law and the terms of any Loan Agreements, make available copies of the documents in the Loan Asset Files and such other documents it holds in its capacity as Servicer pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, to any of its creditors.
(b)    Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Borrower hereby consents to the disclosure of any Information with respect to it (i) to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Servicer, the Account Bank or the Collateral Custodian by each other, (ii) by the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Account Bank, the Servicer and the Collateral Custodian to any prospective or actual assignee or participant of any of them provided such Person agrees to hold such information confidential, or (iii) by the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Servicer, the Account Bank and the Collateral Custodian to any rating agency, commercial paper dealer or provider of a surety, guaranty or credit or liquidity enhancement to any Lender or any Person providing financing to, or holding equity interests in, any Lender, as applicable, and to any officers, directors, employees, outside accountants and attorneys of any of the foregoing, provided each such Person is informed of the confidential nature of such information. In addition, the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank and the Collateral Custodian may disclose any such Information as required pursuant to any law, rule, regulation, direction, request or order of any judicial, administrative or regulatory authority or proceedings (whether or not having the force or effect of law).
(c)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the foregoing shall not be construed to prohibit (i) disclosure of any and all Information that is or becomes publicly known; (ii) disclosure of any and all Information (a) if required to do so by any applicable statute, law, rule or regulation, (b) to any government agency or regulatory body having or claiming authority to regulate or oversee any aspects of the Lenders’, the Administrative Agent’, the Servicer’s or the Collateral Custodian’s business or that of their Affiliates, (c) pursuant to any subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar demand or request of any court, regulatory authority, arbitrator or arbitration to which the Administrative Agent, any Lender, the Collateral Custodian, the Account Bank, or the Servicer or an officer, director, employer, shareholder or affiliate of any of the foregoing is a party or (d) in any preliminary or final offering circular, registration statement or contract or other document approved in advance by the Borrower; (iii) any other disclosure authorized by the Borrower; or (iv) disclosure of any and all Information that becomes available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender, the Servicer, the Account Bank or the Collateral Custodian on a nonconfidential basis from a source other than the Borrower who did not acquire such information as a result of a breach of this Section 11.11.
(d)    The parties hereto and the Account Bank may disclose the existence of the Agreement, but not the financial terms hereof, including, without limitation, all fees and other pricing terms, all Events of Default, Servicer Termination Events, and priority of payment provisions, in each case except in compliance with this Section 11.11.
(e)    Information” means all information received from the Borrower relating to the Borrower or its businesses, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent, the Account Bank, the Servicer, Collateral Custodian, any Lender or any Issuing Bank on a nonconfidential basis prior to disclosure by the Borrower; provided that, in the case of information received from the Borrower after the Closing Date, such information is clearly identified at the time of delivery as confidential. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section 11 shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.
SECTION 11.12    Non-Confidentiality of Tax Treatment.
All parties hereto agree that each of them and each of their employees, representatives, and other agents may disclose to any and all Persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the transaction and all materials of any kind (including, without limitation, opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to any of them relating to such tax treatment and tax structure. “Tax treatment” and “tax structure” shall have the same meaning as such terms have for purposes of Treasury Regulation Section 1.6011-4; provided that with respect to any document or similar item that in either case contains information concerning the tax treatment or tax structure of the transaction as well as other information, the provisions of this Section 11.12 shall only apply to such portions of the document or similar item that relate to the tax treatment or tax structure of the transactions contemplated hereby.
SECTION 11.13    Waiver of Set Off.
If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, each Lender and each of its Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held, and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing, by such Lender or any such Affiliate, to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower against any and all of the Obligations, irrespective of whether or not such Lender or Affiliate shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document and although such Obligations may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch office or Affiliate of such Lender different from the branch office or Affiliate holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness. Each Lender shall notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application
SECTION 11.14    Headings and Exhibits.
The headings herein are for purposes of references only and shall not otherwise affect the meaning or interpretation of any provision hereof. The schedules and exhibits attached hereto and referred to herein shall constitute a part of this Agreement and are incorporated into this Agreement for all purposes.
SECTION 11.15    Ratable Payments.
If any Lender, whether by setoff or otherwise, shall obtain any payment (whether voluntary, involuntary, through the exercise of any right of setoff, or otherwise) on account of Advances owing to it under any Term Loan Series (other than pursuant to Breakage Fees, Section 2.09 or Section 2.17) in excess of its ratable share of payments on account of the Advances obtained by all the Lenders of such Term Loan Series, such Lender shall forthwith purchase from the other Lenders of such Term Loan Series such participations in the Advances owing to them as shall be necessary to cause such purchasing Lender to share the excess payment ratably with each of them; provided that, if all or any portion of such excess payment is thereafter recovered from such purchasing Lender, such purchase from each Lender shall be rescinded and such Lender shall repay to the purchasing Lender the purchase price to the extent of such recovery together with an amount equal to such Lender’s ratable share (according to the proportion of (i) the amount of such Lender’s required repayment to (ii) the total amount so recovered from the purchasing Lender) of any interest or other amount paid or payable by the purchasing Lender in respect of the total amount so recovered.
SECTION 11.16    Failure of Borrower to Perform Certain Obligations.
If the Borrower fails to perform any of its agreements or obligations under Section 5.01(r), the Administrative Agent may (but shall not be required to) itself perform, or cause performance of, such agreement or obligation, and the expenses of the Administrative Agent incurred in connection therewith shall be payable by the Borrower promptly upon the Administrative Agent’s demand therefore.
SECTION 11.17    Power of Attorney. Each of the Borrower and Holdings irrevocably authorizes the Servicer and the Administrative Agent and appoints the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, as applicable, as its attorney-in-fact to act on its behalf as set forth in Exhibit G hereto to file financing statements reasonably necessary or desirable (as determined by the Administrative Agent acting at the direction of the Majority Lenders) to perfect and to maintain the perfection and priority of the interest of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in the Collateral. This appointment is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable.
SECTION 11.18    Delivery of Termination Statements, Releases, etc. Upon the occurrence of the Facility Termination Date, the Administrative Agent shall execute and deliver to the Servicer termination statements, reconveyances, releases and other documents and instruments of release as are necessary or appropriate to evidence the termination of the Liens securing the Obligations, all at the expense of the Borrower.
SECTION 11.19    Arranger.
The Arranger, in its capacity as such, shall not have any obligations, duties or responsibilities under this Agreement.
ARTICLE XII.    
COLLATERAL CUSTODIAN
SECTION 12.01    Designation of Collateral Custodian.
(a)    Initial Collateral Custodian. The role of Collateral Custodian with respect to the Required Loan Documents shall be conducted by the Person designated as Collateral Custodian hereunder from time to time in accordance with this Section 12.01. Each of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent hereby designate and appoint the Collateral Custodian to act as its agent and hereby authorizes the Collateral Custodian to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers and perform such duties as are expressly granted to the Collateral Custodian by this Agreement. The Collateral Custodian hereby accepts such agency appointment to act as Collateral Custodian pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, until its resignation or removal as Collateral Custodian pursuant to the terms hereof.
(b)    Successor Collateral Custodian. Upon the Collateral Custodian’s receipt of a Collateral Custodian Termination Notice from the Administrative Agent of the designation of a successor Collateral Custodian pursuant to the provisions of Section 12.05, the Collateral Custodian agrees that it will terminate its activities as Collateral Custodian hereunder.
SECTION 12.02    Duties of Collateral Custodian.
(a)    Appointment. The Borrower and the Administrative Agent and each Secured Party hereby appoint PNC Bank, National Association, to act as Collateral Custodian, for the benefit of the Secured Parties. The Collateral Custodian hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the duties and obligations with respect thereto set forth herein.
(b)    Duties. The Collateral Custodian shall perform, on behalf of the Administrative Agent, the following duties and obligations:
(i)    The Collateral Custodian shall take and retain custody of the Loan Asset Files delivered by the Servicer and the Borrower pursuant to Section 3.02(a), Section 3.02(b) and Section 3.04(a) in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, all for the benefit of the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties. Within ten Business Days of its receipt of the Loan Asset File for any Loan Asset, the Loan Asset Schedule and a hard copy of the related Loan Asset Checklist, the Collateral Custodian shall review such Loan Asset File to confirm that (A) all Required Loan Documents for such Loan Asset File have been executed (either an original or a copy, as indicated on the related Loan Asset Checklist) and have no mutilated pages, (B) filed stamped copies of the UCC and other filings identified on the related Loan Asset Checklist are included, (C) if listed on the related Loan Asset Checklist, a copy of an Insurance Policy or insurance certificate with respect to any real or personal property constituting the Underlying Collateral for such Loan Asset is included, and (D) the current balance, Loan Asset number and Obligor name, as applicable, with respect to such Loan Asset is referenced on the Loan Asset Schedule (such items (A) through (D) collectively, the “Review Criteria”). In order to facilitate the foregoing review by the Collateral Custodian, in connection with each delivery of a Loan Asset File hereunder to the Collateral Custodian, the Servicer shall provide to the Collateral Custodian a hard copy (which may be preceded by an electronic copy, as applicable) of the related Loan Asset Checklist which contains the Loan Asset information with respect to the Loan Asset File being delivered, identification number and the name of the Obligor with respect to such Loan Asset. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Collateral Custodian’s obligation to review the Loan Asset File shall be limited to reviewing such Loan Asset File based on the information provided on the related Loan Asset Checklist. If, at the conclusion of such review, the Collateral Custodian shall determine that (i) the current balance of the Loan Asset with respect to which it has received the Loan Asset File is less than as set forth on the Loan Asset Schedule, the Collateral Custodian shall notify the Administrative Agent and the Servicer of such discrepancy within one Business Day, or (ii) any Review Criteria is not satisfied, the Collateral Custodian shall within one Business Day notify the Servicer and the Administrative Agent of such determination and provide the Servicer with a list of the non-complying Loan Assets and the applicable Review Criteria that they fail to satisfy, which the Servicer shall promptly provide to the Borrower upon receipt of such. The Borrower shall have five Business Days after notice or knowledge thereof to correct any non-compliance with any Review Criteria. In addition, if requested in writing (in the form of Exhibit I) by the Servicer and approved by the Administrative Agent within 10 Business Days of the Collateral Custodian’s delivery of such report, the Collateral Custodian shall return any Loan Asset File which fails to satisfy a Review Criteria to the Borrower. Other than the foregoing, the Collateral Custodian shall not have any responsibility for reviewing any Loan Asset File. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Collateral Custodian shall have no duty or obligation with respect to any Loan Asset Checklist delivered to it in electronic form.
(ii)    In taking and retaining custody of the Loan Asset Files, the Collateral Custodian shall be deemed to be acting as the agent of the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties; provided that the Collateral Custodian makes no representations as to the existence, perfection or priority of any Lien on the Loan Asset Files or the instruments therein; and provided, further, that, the Collateral Custodian’s duties shall be limited to those expressly contemplated herein.
(iii)    All Loan Asset Files shall be kept in fire resistant vaults, rooms or cabinets at the locations specified on the address of the Collateral Custodian in Section 11.02, or at such other office as shall be specified to the Administrative Agent and the Servicer by the Collateral Custodian in a written notice delivered at least 30 days prior to such change. All Loan Asset Files shall be placed together with an appropriate identifying label and maintained in such a manner so as to permit retrieval and access. The Collateral Custodian shall segregate the Loan Asset Files on its inventory system and will not commingle the physical Loan Asset Files with any other files of the Collateral Custodian other than those, if any, relating to KREF and its Affiliates and subsidiaries; provided, however, the Collateral Custodian shall segregate any commingled files upon written request of the Administrative Agent.
(iv)    On the 12th calendar day of every Month (or if such day is not a Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day), the Collateral Custodian shall provide a written report to the Administrative Agent and the Servicer (in a form mutually agreeable to the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Custodian) identifying each Loan Asset for which it holds a Loan Asset File and the applicable Review Criteria that any Loan Asset File fails to satisfy.
(v)    Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary elsewhere in the Transaction Documents, the Collateral Custodian shall not have any fiduciary relationship with any party hereto or any Secured Party in its capacity as such, and no implied covenants, functions, obligations or responsibilities shall be read into this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents or otherwise exist against the Collateral Custodian. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is hereby expressly agreed and stipulated by the other parties hereto that the Collateral Custodian shall not be required to exercise any discretion hereunder and shall have no investment or management responsibility.
(c)    (i)    The Collateral Custodian agrees to cooperate with the Administrative Agent and the Servicer and deliver any Loan Asset File to the Servicer or Administrative Agent (pursuant to a written request in the form of Exhibit I), as applicable, as requested in order to take any action that the Administrative Agent or the Servicer deems necessary or desirable in order to perfect, protect or more fully evidence the security interests granted by the Borrower hereunder, or to enable any of them to exercise or enforce any of their respective rights hereunder or under any Transaction Document, including any rights arising with respect to Article VII. In the event the Collateral Custodian receives instructions from the Servicer which conflict with any instructions received by the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Custodian shall rely on and follow the instructions given by the Administrative Agent.
(ii)    The Administrative Agent may direct the Collateral Custodian to take any such incidental action hereunder. With respect to other actions which are incidental to the actions specifically delegated to the Collateral Custodian hereunder, the Collateral Custodian shall not be required to take any such incidental action hereunder, but shall be required to act or to refrain from acting (and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting) upon the direction of the Administrative Agent; provided that the Collateral Custodian shall not be required to take any action hereunder at the request of the Administrative Agent, any Secured Party or otherwise if the taking of such action, in the reasonable determination of the Collateral Custodian, (x) shall be in violation of any Applicable Law or contrary to any provisions of this Agreement or (y) shall expose the Collateral Custodian to liability hereunder or otherwise (unless it has received indemnity which it reasonably deems to be satisfactory with respect thereto). In the event the Collateral Custodian requests the consent of the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Custodian does not receive a consent (either positive or negative) from the Administrative Agent within 10 Business Days of its receipt of such request, then the Administrative Agent shall be deemed to have declined to consent to the relevant action.
(iii)    The Collateral Custodian shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in accordance with the request or direction of any Secured Party, to the extent that this Agreement provides such Secured Party the right to so direct the Collateral Custodian, or the Administrative Agent. The Collateral Custodian shall not be deemed to have notice or knowledge of any matter hereunder, including an Event of Default, unless a Responsible Officer of the Collateral Custodian has knowledge of such matter or written notice thereof is received by the Collateral Custodian.
SECTION 12.03    Merger or Consolidation.
Any Person (i) into which the Collateral Custodian may be merged or consolidated, (ii) that may result from any merger or consolidation to which the Collateral Custodian shall be a party, or (iii) that may succeed to the properties and assets of the Collateral Custodian substantially as a whole, which Person in any of the foregoing cases executes an agreement of assumption to perform every obligation of the Collateral Custodian hereunder, shall be the successor to the Collateral Custodian under this Agreement without further act of any of the parties to this Agreement.
SECTION 12.04    Collateral Custodian Compensation.
As compensation for its Collateral Custodian activities hereunder, the Collateral Custodian shall be entitled to the Collateral Custodian Fees from the Borrower as set forth in the Agent Fee Letter, payable pursuant to the extent of funds available therefor pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.05, provided that if such amounts are insufficient then Sections 12.12 and 11.07 shall be applicable. The Collateral Custodian’s entitlement to receive the Collateral Custodian Fees shall cease on the earlier to occur of: (i) its removal as Collateral Custodian pursuant to Section 12.05, (ii) its resignation as Collateral Custodian pursuant to Section 12.07 of this Agreement or (iii) the termination of this Agreement; provided that the Collateral Custodian shall be entitled to any fees accrued and payable up to such date to the extent not previously paid.
SECTION 12.05    Collateral Custodian Removal.
The Administrative Agent may (upon the direction of the Majority Lenders) by written notice to the Collateral Custodian (the “Collateral Custodian Termination Notice”) terminate all of the rights, obligations, power and authority of the Collateral Custodian under this Agreement. On and after the receipt by the Collateral Custodian of a Collateral Custodian Termination Notice, the Collateral Custodian shall continue to act in such capacity until the date specified in the Collateral Custodian Termination Notice (such date not to exceed 30 days after the date of such notice) or otherwise specified by the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders in writing or, if no such date is specified in such Collateral Custodian Termination Notice or otherwise specified by the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders, until a date mutually agreed upon by the Collateral Custodian and the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders. Upon any such removal, the Borrower and the Majority Lenders acting jointly shall appoint a successor Collateral Custodian (provided that the consent of the Borrower shall not be required after the occurrence, and during the continuance, of an Event of Default). If no successor Collateral Custodian shall have been appointed and an instrument of acceptance by a successor Collateral Custodian shall not have been delivered to the Initial Lender and the Borrower within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Collateral Custodian may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Collateral Custodian. No such resignation shall become effective until a Successor Collateral Custodian shall have assumed the responsibilities and obligations of the Collateral Custodian in accordance with Section 12.05. The Collateral Custodian shall be entitled to receive, to the extent of funds available therefor pursuant to Section 2.05, any Fees accrued until such termination date as well as any other fees, amounts, expenses or indemnities it is entitled to pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and any Fee Letter (the “Collateral Custodian Termination Expenses”). To the extent amounts held in the Collection Account and paid in accordance with Section 2.05 are insufficient to pay the Collateral Custodian Termination Expenses, the Borrower (and to the extent the Borrower fails to so pay, the Lenders ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding) agree to pay the Collateral Custodian Termination Expenses within 10 Business Days of receipt of an invoice therefor. After the earlier of (x) the termination date specified in the applicable Collateral Custodian Termination Notice and (y) 30 days thereafter as provided above, the Collateral Custodian agrees that it will terminate its activities as Collateral Custodian hereunder in a manner that the Administrative Agent believes will facilitate the transition of the performance of such activities to a successor Collateral Custodian, and the successor Collateral Custodian shall assume each and all of the Collateral Custodian’s obligations under this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and the Collateral Custodian shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to assist the successor Collateral Custodian in assuming such obligations.
SECTION 12.06    Limitation on Liability.
(a)    The Collateral Custodian may conclusively rely on and shall be fully protected in acting upon any certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, telegram or other document delivered to it and that in good faith it reasonably believes to be genuine and that has been signed by the proper party or parties. The Collateral Custodian may rely conclusively on and shall be fully protected in acting upon (a) the written instructions of any designated officer of the Administrative Agent or (b) the verbal instructions of the Administrative Agent.
(b)    The Collateral Custodian may consult counsel satisfactory to it and the advice or opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel.
(c)    The Collateral Custodian shall not be liable for any error of judgment, or for any act done or step taken or omitted by it, in good faith, or for any mistakes of fact or law, or for anything that it may do or refrain from doing in connection herewith, including, but not limited to, in connection any requirement to obtain certificated Pledged Equity from the Borrower or Holdings, except in the case of its willful misconduct or grossly negligent performance or omission of its duties.
(d)    The Collateral Custodian makes no warranty or representation (except as expressly set forth in this Agreement) and shall have no responsibility (except as expressly set forth in this Agreement) as to the content, enforceability, completeness, validity, sufficiency, value, genuineness, ownership or transferability of any Loan Asset File, and will not be required to and will not make any representations as to the validity or value (except as expressly set forth in this Agreement) of any of the Loan Assets. The Collateral Custodian shall not be obligated to take any legal action hereunder that might in its judgment involve any expense or liability unless it has been furnished with an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it.
(e)    The Collateral Custodian shall have no duties or responsibilities except such duties and responsibilities as are specifically set forth in this Agreement and no covenants or obligations shall be implied in this Agreement against the Collateral Custodian.
(f)    The Collateral Custodian shall not be required to expend or risk its own funds in the performance of its duties hereunder.
(g)    It is expressly agreed and acknowledged that the Collateral Custodian is not guaranteeing performance of or assuming any liability for the obligations of the other parties hereto or any parties to a Loan Asset.
(h)    Subject in all cases to the last sentence of Section 12.02(c)(i), in case any reasonable question arises as to its duties hereunder, the Collateral Custodian may, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default or the Final Maturity Date, request instructions from the Servicer and may, after the occurrence of an Event of Default or the Final Maturity Date, request instructions from the Administrative Agent, and shall be entitled at all times to refrain from taking any action unless it has received instructions from the Servicer or the Administrative Agent, as applicable. The Collateral Custodian shall in all events have no liability, risk or cost for any action taken pursuant to and in compliance with the instruction of the Administrative Agent. In no event shall the Collateral Custodian be liable for special, indirect or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Collateral Custodian has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.
SECTION 12.07    Collateral Custodian Resignation.
The Collateral Custodian shall not resign from the obligations and duties hereby imposed on it except (a) upon the Collateral Custodian’s determination that (i) the performance of its duties hereunder is or becomes impermissible under Applicable Law and (ii) there is no reasonable action that the Collateral Custodian could take to make the performance of its duties hereunder permissible under Applicable Law or (b) upon at least 60 days’ prior notice to the other parties hereto. Upon any such resignation, the Borrower and the Majority Lenders acting jointly shall appoint a successor Collateral Custodian (provided that the consent of the Borrower shall not be required after the occurrence, and during the continuance, of an Event of Default). If no successor Collateral Custodian shall have been appointed and an instrument of acceptance by a successor Collateral Custodian shall not have been delivered to the Collateral Custodian within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Collateral Custodian may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Collateral Custodian. No such resignation shall become effective until a successor Collateral Custodian shall have assumed the responsibilities and obligations of the Collateral Custodian. In the event Midland resigns in its role or is terminated as Servicer, Administrative Agent, the Account Bank and/or Collateral Custodian or Midland, as applicable, shall be deemed to have concurrently resigned or been terminated, as applicable, in its role as Servicer, Administrative Agent, the Account Bank and/or Collateral Custodian, as applicable, with no further action needed by any of the parties hereto; provided that, such resignation or termination, as applicable, shall comply with the requirements of this Agreement.
Upon the effective date of such resignation, or if the Administrative Agent gives Collateral Custodian written notice of an earlier termination hereof, the Collateral Custodian shall (i) be reimbursed for any costs, fees and expenses that the Collateral Custodian shall incur in connection with the termination of its duties under this Agreement and (ii) deliver all of the Required Loan Documents in the possession of Collateral Custodian to the Administrative Agent or to such Person as the Administrative Agent may designate to Collateral Custodian in writing upon the receipt of a request in the form of Exhibit I; provided that the Borrower shall consent to any successor Collateral Custodian appointed by the Administrative Agent at the direction of the Majority Lenders (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld).
SECTION 12.08    Release of Documents.
(a)    Release for Servicing. From time to time and as appropriate for the enforcement or servicing of any Loan Asset, the Collateral Custodian is hereby authorized (unless and until such authorization is revoked by the Administrative Agent), upon written receipt from the Servicer of a request for release of documents and receipt in the form annexed hereto as Exhibit I, to release to the Servicer within two Business Days of receipt of such request, the related Loan Asset File or the documents set forth in such request. All documents so released to the Servicer shall be held by the Servicer in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Servicer shall return to the Collateral Custodian such Loan Asset File or other such documents (i) promptly upon the request of the Administrative Agent, or (ii) when the Servicer’s need therefor in connection with such enforcement or servicing no longer exists, unless the related Loan Asset is liquidated, in which case, the Servicer shall deliver an additional request for release of documents to the Collateral Custodian and receipt certifying such liquidation from the Servicer to the Administrative Agent, all in the form annexed hereto as Exhibit I.
(b)    Limitation on Release. Promptly after delivery to the Collateral Custodian of any request for release of documents, the Servicer shall provide notice of the same to the Administrative Agent. Any additional Required Loan Documents or documents requested to be released by the Servicer may be released only upon written authorization of the Administrative Agent. The limitations of this paragraph shall not apply to the release of Required Loan Documents to the Servicer pursuant to the immediately succeeding subsection.
SECTION 12.09    Return of Required Loan Documents.
The Borrower may, with the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld), require that the Collateral Custodian return each Loan Asset File (a) delivered to the Collateral Custodian in error or (b) released from the Lien of the Administrative Agent hereunder pursuant to Section 2.12, in each case by submitting to the Collateral Custodian a written request in the form of Exhibit I (signed by both the Borrower and the Administrative Agent) specifying the Loan Asset File to be so returned and reciting that the conditions to such release have been met (and specifying the Section or Sections of this Agreement being relied upon for such release). The Collateral Custodian shall upon its receipt of each such request for return executed by the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly, but in any event within five Business Days, return the Loan Asset File so requested to the Borrower.
SECTION 12.10    Access to Certain Documentation and Information Regarding the Collateral Portfolio; Audits of Servicer.
The Collateral Custodian shall provide to the Administrative Agent and the Servicer access to the Loan Asset Files and all other documentation regarding the Collateral Portfolio including in such cases where the Administrative Agent or Servicer is required in connection with the enforcement of the rights or interests of the Secured Parties, or by applicable statutes or regulations, to review such documentation, such access being afforded without charge but only (i) upon two Business Days prior written request, (ii) during normal business hours and (iii) subject to the Collateral Custodian’s normal security and confidentiality procedures. Periodically on and after the Closing Date, the Administrative Agent may review the Servicer’s collection and administration of the Loan Asset Files in order to assess compliance by the Servicer with the Servicing Standard, as well as with this Agreement and may conduct an audit of the Loan Asset Files in conjunction with such a review. Such review shall be reasonable in scope and shall be completed in a reasonable period of time. Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 12.10, from time to time (and, in any case, a minimum of three times during each fiscal year of the Servicer) upon reasonable notice to the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Custodian shall permit independent public accountants or other auditors appointed by the Servicer to conduct, at the expense of the Borrower, a review of the Loan Asset Files and all other documentation regarding the Collateral Portfolio.
SECTION 12.11    Bailment.
The Collateral Custodian agrees that, with respect to any Loan Asset File at any time or times in its possession or held in its name, the Collateral Custodian is the agent and bailee of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, for purposes of perfecting (to the extent not otherwise perfected) the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Collateral Portfolio and for the purpose of ensuring that such security interest is entitled to first priority status under the UCC.
SECTION 12.12    Indemnification of the Collateral Custodian.
Each Lender agrees to indemnify the Collateral Custodian, ratably across all Term Loan Series then outstanding, from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Collateral Custodian in any way relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents, or any action taken or omitted by the Collateral Custodian hereunder or thereunder; provided that the Lenders shall not be liable for any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements resulting from the Collateral Custodian’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided, further, that no action taken in accordance with the directions of the Majority Lenders, the Lenders or the Borrower shall be deemed to constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct for purposes of this Article XII.
[SIGNATURE PAGES TO FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first above written.
THE BORROWER:
KREF LENDING VII LLC

By:/s/ Patrick Mattson

Name: Patrick Mattson
Title: Chief Operating Officer and Secretary

[SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE]

HOLDINGS:
KREF HOLDINGS VII LLC

By:/s/ Patrick Mattson

Name: Patrick Mattson
Title: Chief Operating Officer and Secretary

[SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE]

THE SERVICER:
MIDLAND LOAN SERVICES,
a Division of PNC Bank, National Association

By: /s/ Cynthia A. Bicknell

Name: Cynthia A. Bicknell
Title: Senior Vice President

[SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE]
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT:
MIDLAND LOAN SERVICES,
a Division of PNC Bank, National Association

By: /s/ Cynthia A. Bicknell

Name: Cynthia A. Bicknell
Title: Senior Vice President

[SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE]


THE COLLATERAL CUSTODIAN:
PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

By:/s/ Janice E. Kiwacka

Name: Janice E. Kiwacka
Title: Vice President

[SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE]



Schedule I
Condition Precedent Documents

As required by Section 3.01 of the Agreement, each of the following items must be delivered to the Administrative Agent prior to the effectiveness of the Agreement:
(a)A copy of this Agreement and the Collateral Account Agreement duly executed by each of the parties hereto and thereto;
(b)    A certificate of an officer of the Borrower, dated the date of this Agreement, certifying (i) the names and true signatures of the incumbent officers of the Borrower authorized to sign on behalf of the Borrower each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party (on which certificate the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Collateral Custodian may conclusively rely until such time as the Administrative Agent shall receive from the Borrower a revised certificate meeting the requirements of this paragraph (b)(i)), (ii) that the copy of the certificate of formation and the limited liability company agreement of the Borrower, as applicable, is a complete and correct copy and that such certificate of formation and limited liability company agreement have not been amended, modified or supplemented and are in full force and effect and (iii) the authorization document of the managing member approving and authorizing the execution, delivery and performance by such Person of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party;
(c)    A good standing certificate, dated as of a recent date for Borrower, issued by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware;
(d)    Financing statements describing the Collateral and (i) naming the Borrower as debtor and the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, as secured party and (ii) other, similar instruments or documents, as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, desirable under the UCC of all appropriate jurisdictions or any comparable law to perfect the Administrative Agent’s, on behalf of the Secured Parties, interests in the Collateral;
(e)    Financing statements, if any, necessary to release all security interests and other rights of any Person in the Collateral previously granted by any Transferor;
(f)    With respect to any certificated Pledged Equity, delivery of stock powers duly executed in blank or other instruments of transfer reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;
(g)    Copies of tax and judgment lien searches in all jurisdictions reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent and requests for information (or a similar UCC search report certified by a party acceptable to the Administrative Agent), dated a date reasonably near to the Closing Date, and with respect to such requests for information or UCC searches, listing all effective financing statements which name the Borrower (under its present name and any previous name) as debtor(s) and which are filed in the State of Delaware, together with copies of such financing statements (none of which shall cover the Collateral);
(h)    One or more favorable Opinions of Counsel of counsel to the Borrower and Holdings, reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent and addressed to the Administrative Agent, the Servicer, the Account Bank, the Lenders and the Collateral Custodian;
(i)    A copy of each of the other Transaction Documents duly executed by the parties thereto; and
(j)    Such other documents as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may reasonably request.


EXHIBITS
TO
LOAN AND SERVICING AGREEMENT
Dated as of April 11, 2018
KREF LENDING VII LLC
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT A
Form of Term Loan Series Notice
EXHIBIT B
Form of Borrowing Base Certificate
EXHIBIT C
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT D
Form of Notice of Borrowing
EXHIBIT E
Form of Notice of Reduction (Reduction of Advances Outstanding)
EXHIBIT F
Form of Term Loan Note
EXHIBIT G
Form of Power of Attorney
EXHIBIT H
Form of Servicing Report
EXHIBIT I
Form of Release of Required Loan Documents
EXHIBIT J
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT K
Form of Advance Request
EXHIBIT L
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT M
Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate

EXHIBIT A
FORM OF TERM LOAN SERIES NOTICE
TERM LOAN SERIES NOTICE
[Date]
(KREF LENDING VII LLC)
To: Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association,
as the Administrative Agent
10851 Mastin, Suite 300
         Overland Park, KS 66210
Attention: Executive Vice President – Division Head Facsimile No.: (913) 253-9001




Re:    Loan and Servicing Agreement dated as of April 11, 2018
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This Term Loan Series Notice is delivered to you pursuant to Sections 2.01(b) that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
The undersigned, being a duly elected Responsible Officer of the Borrower and holding the office set forth below such officer’s name, hereby requests that the Lenders establish a new Term Loan Series under the Loan and Servicing Agreement with the following proposed terms:
1.
Name of Term Loan Series: ____________.
2.
[Lenders: ____________.]
3.
Proposed Commitment: ____________.
4.
Proposed Maximum Facility Amount: ____________.
5.
Proposed Applicable Spread: ____________.
6.
Proposed Issuance Date: ____________.
The undersigned certifies that all information contained herein is true, correct and complete as of the date hereof.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Term Loan Series Notice as of the date first written above.
KREF LENDING VII LLC,
as the Borrower
By:

Name:
Title:


EXHIBIT B
FORM OF BORROWING BASE CERTIFICATE
[_] [_], 20[_]
Reference is made to that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
This Borrowing Base Certificate has been prepared for [name of applicable Term Loan Series] and is being delivered in connection with:
__
A Notice of Borrowing under Section 2.02(b) of the Loan and Servicing Agreement
__
A Sale under Section 2.07(c) of the Loan and Servicing Agreement
__
A Notice of Reduction under Section 2.14(b) of the Loan and Servicing Agreement
__
A Transfer of a Loan Asset under Section 3.04 of the Loan and Servicing Agreement
As of the date hereof, the undersigned certifies that (i) all of the information set forth in Annex I attached hereto is true, correct and complete and (ii) no Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and (b) each of the representations and warranties contained in Sections 4.01, 4.02 and 4.06 of the Loan and Servicing Agreement is true, correct and complete in all material respects.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

Certified as of the date first written above.
KKR LENDING VII LLC,
as the Borrower
By:

Name:
Title:

ANNEX I
To Exhibit B
BORROWING BASE REPORT

(See Attached)

EXHIBIT C
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT D
FORM OF NOTICE OF BORROWING
NOTICE OF BORROWING
[Date]
(KREF LENDING VII LLC)
To: Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association,
as the Administrative Agent
10851 Mastin, Suite 300
         Overland Park, KS 66210
Attention: Executive Vice President – Division Head
Facsimile No.: (913) 253-9001
Email: NoticeAdmin@midlandls.com




Re:    Loan and Servicing Agreement dated as of April 11, 2018
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This Notice of Borrowing is delivered to you pursuant to Sections 2.02 and 3.02 of that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
The undersigned, being a duly elected Responsible Officer of the Borrower and holding the office set forth below such officer’s name, hereby certifies as follows:
1.
The Borrower hereby requests an Advance under Term Loan Series [________].
2.
The Borrower hereby requests an Advance in the principal amount of $ ____________.
3.
The Borrower hereby requests that such Advance be made on the following date: ____________.
4.
Attached to this Notice of Borrowing is a Borrowing Base Certificate for the applicable Term Loan Series, together with a true, correct and complete calculation of the applicable Borrowing Base and all components thereof.
5.
[The Borrower has delivered, concurrently with the delivery of this Notice of Borrowing, a duly executed Advance Request containing a true, correct and complete list of all Loan Assets which will become part of the Collateral Portfolio on the date hereof.]
6.
All of the conditions applicable to the Advance requested herein as set forth in Article III of the Loan and Servicing Agreement have been satisfied and will remain satisfied on the date of such Advance.
7.
The Borrower hereby confirms that:
(i)
The representations and warranties contained in Sections 4.01, 4.02 and 4.06 of the Loan and Servicing Agreement are true and correct in all material respects before and after giving effect to such Advance and to the application of proceeds therefrom, on and as of such day as though made on and as of such date (or, in the case of any such representation or warranty expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, as of such specific date);
(ii)
No Unmatured Event of Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or would result from such Advance or application of proceeds therefrom; and
(iii)
On and as of such Advance Date, after giving effect to such Advance and the addition to the Collateral Portfolio of any Eligible Loan Assets being acquired by the Borrower using the proceeds of such Advance, the Advances Outstanding for the applicable Term Loan Series does not exceed the Maximum Availability for such Term Loan Series.
8.
The undersigned certifies that all information contained herein and in the attached Borrowing Base Certificate is true, correct and complete as of the date hereof.
[ATTACH BORROWING BASE CERTIFICATE AND LOAN ASSET SCHEDULE]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Notice of Borrowing as of the date first written above.
KREF LENDING VII LLC,
as the Borrower
By:

Name:
Title:


EXHIBIT E
FORM OF NOTICE OF REDUCTION
(Reduction of Advances Outstanding)
[Date]
(KREF LENDING FUNDING VII LLC)
Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association,
as the Administrative Agent
10851 Mastin, Suite 300
Overland Park, KS 66210
Attention: Executive Vice President – Division Head
Facsimile No.: (913) 253-9001
Email: NoticeAdmin@midlandls.com

Re:    Loan and Servicing Agreement dated as of April 11, 2018
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This Notice of Reduction is delivered to you pursuant to Section 2.14(b) of that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
The undersigned, being a duly elected Responsible Officer of the Borrower and holding the office set forth below such officer’s name, hereby certifies as follows:
1.    Pursuant to Section 2.14(b) of the Loan and Servicing Agreement, the Borrower desires to prepay the Advances Outstanding under Term Loan Series [___________] (an “Advance Reduction”) by the amount of $_____________.
2.    The Borrower hereby requests that such Advance Reduction be made on the following date: _____________.
3.    [The Prepayment Premium for such Advance Reduction is $________________.]
4.    Attached to this Notice of Reduction is a Borrowing Base Certificate for the applicable Term Loan Series, together with a true, correct and complete calculation of the Borrowing Base and all components thereof.
The undersigned certify that all information contained herein shall be true and correct on the date of Advance Reduction and that the information in the attached Borrowing Base Certificate is true and correct as of the date hereof.
[ATTACH BORROWING BASE CERTIFICATE]
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Notice of Reduction as of the date first written above.
KREF LENDING VII LLC,
as the Borrower
By:

Name:
Title:


EXHIBIT F
FORM OF TERM LOAN NOTE
$_____________    [________] [__], 20[_]
THIS TERM LOAN NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 (THE “SECURITIES ACT”). NEITHER THIS TERM LOAN NOTE NOR ANY PORTION HEREOF MAY BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE REGISTRATION PROVISIONS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM SUCH REGISTRATION PROVISIONS.
THIS TERM LOAN NOTE IS NOT PERMITTED TO BE TRANSFERRED, ASSIGNED, EXCHANGED OR OTHERWISE PLEDGED OR CONVEYED EXCEPT TO A (A) QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER UNDER RULE 144A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OR AN INSTITUTIONAL “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE (1)-501(A)(1)-(3) OR (7) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, IN EACH CASE, WHO IS ALSO A (B) QUALIFIED PURCHASER FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 3(c)(7) OF THE 1940 ACT, AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS OF THE LOAN AND SERVICING AGREEMENT REFERRED TO HEREIN.
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, KREF LENDING VII LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), hereby promises to pay to [Name of Lender] (“Lender”) or its registered assigns, the principal sum of [_] DOLLARS ($[_]), or, if less, the unpaid principal amount of the aggregate advances under the Term Loan Series [__________] (“Advances”) made by the Lender to the Borrower pursuant to the Loan and Servicing Agreement (as defined below), on the dates specified in the Loan and Servicing Agreement, and to pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Advance made by Lender from the date of such Advance for each day that such unpaid principal amount is outstanding, at such interest rates related to such Advance as provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement, on each Payment Date and each other date specified in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
This Term Loan Note (the “Note”) is issued pursuant to the Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time the interest rate applicable to any Advance, together with all fees, charges and other amounts that are treated as interest on such Advance under Applicable Law (collectively, “charges”), exceed the maximum lawful rate (the “Maximum Rate”) that may be contracted for, charged, taken, received or reserved by the Lender in accordance with Applicable Law, the rate of interest payable in respect of such Advance hereunder, together with all charges payable in respect thereof, shall be limited to the Maximum Rate. To the extent lawful, the interest and charges that would have been paid in respect of such Advance but were not paid as a result of the operation of this paragraph shall be cumulated and the interest and charges payable to the Lender in respect of other Advance or periods shall be increased (but not above the amount collectible at the Maximum Rate therefor) until such cumulated amount shall have been received by the Lender. Any amount collected by the Lender that exceeds the maximum amount collectible at the Maximum Rate shall be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of such Advance or refunded to the Borrower so that at no time shall the interest and charges paid or payable in respect of such Advance exceed the maximum amount collectible at the Maximum Rate.
Payments of the principal of, and interest on, Advances shall be made by or on behalf of the Borrower to the holder hereof in immediately available funds in the manner specified for such purpose as provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement, without the presentation or surrender of this Note or the making of any notation on this Note.
If any payment under this Note falls due on a day that is not a Business Day, then such due date shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day.
If any amount is not paid or deposited when due, such amount shall bear interest, to be paid upon demand, from the date of such nonpayment until such amount is paid in full (as well after as before judgment) computed at the per annum rate set forth in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
Portions or all of the principal amount of the Note shall become due and payable at the time or times set forth in the Loan and Servicing Agreement. Any portion or all of the principal amount of this Note may be prepaid, together with interest thereon (and, as set forth in the Loan and Servicing Agreement, certain costs and expenses of the Lender) at the time and in the manner set forth in, but subject to the provisions of, the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
Except as provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement, the Borrower expressly waives presentment, demand, diligence, protest and all notices of any kind whatsoever with respect to this Note.
The holder hereof may sell, assign, transfer, negotiate, grant participations in or otherwise dispose of all or any portion of any Advances made by the Lender and represented by this Note and the indebtedness evidenced by this Note, subject to the applicable provisions of the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
This Advances are secured by the Collateral and the Pledged Equity granted pursuant to the Loan and Servicing Agreement. The holder of this Note is entitled to the benefits of the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and may enforce the agreements of the Borrower contained in the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and exercise the remedies provided for by, or otherwise available in respect of, the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, all in accordance with, and subject to the restrictions contained in, the terms of the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. In accordance with the terms of the Loan and Servicing Agreement, if an Event of Default shall occur, the unpaid balance of the principal of all Advances, together with accrued interest thereon, may be declared, and may become, due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
The Borrower, the Servicer, the Lender, the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Custodian each intend, for federal, state and local income and franchise tax purposes only, that this Note be evidence of indebtedness of the Borrower secured by the Collateral and the Pledged Equity and the Lender under the Loan and Servicing Agreement, by the acceptance hereof, agrees to treat the Note for federal, state and local income and franchise tax purposes as indebtedness of the Borrower.
This Note is a “Term Loan Note” as referred to in Section 2.01(a) of the Loan and Servicing Agreement. This Note shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Note as on the date first written above.
KREF LENDING VII LLC,
as the Borrower
By:

Name:
Title:


EXHIBIT G
FORM OF POWER OF ATTORNEY
KREF LENDING VII LLC
[____] [_], 20[_]
This Power of Attorney is executed and delivered by KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower (the “Borrower”) under the Loan and Servicing Agreement (each as defined below), to Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Administrative Agent under the Loan and Servicing Agreement (as defined below and in such capacity, the “Attorney”), pursuant to that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
No person to whom this Power of Attorney is presented, as authority for Attorney to take any action or actions contemplated hereby, shall inquire into or seek confirmation from the Borrower as to the authority of Attorney to take any action described below, or as to the existence of or fulfillment of any condition to this Power of Attorney, which is intended to grant to Attorney unconditionally the authority to take and perform the actions contemplated herein, and the Borrower irrevocably waives any right to commence any suit or action, in law or equity, against any person or entity that acts in reliance upon or acknowledges the authority granted under this Power of Attorney. The power of attorney granted hereby is coupled with an interest and may not be revoked or canceled by the Borrower until the Facility Termination Date.
The Borrower, hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints Attorney (and all officers, employees or agents designated by Attorney), solely in connection with the enforcement of the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the other Secured Parties under the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Document, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in the Borrower’s place and stead and at the Borrower’s expense and in the Borrower’s name or in Attorney’s own name, from time to time in Attorney’s discretion, to take any and all appropriate action and to execute and deliver any and all documents and instruments that may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, hereby grants to Attorney the power and right, on its behalf, without notice to or assent by it, to do the following, each in accordance with the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents: (a) open mail for the Borrower, and ask, demand, collect, give acquittances and receipts for, take possession of, or endorse and receive payment of, any checks, drafts, notes, acceptances, or other instruments for the payment of moneys due, and sign and endorse any invoices, freight or express bills, bills of lading, storage or warehouse receipts, drafts against debtors, assignments, verifications, and notices; (b) effect any repairs to any of the Borrower’s assets, or continue or obtain any insurance and pay all or any part of the premiums therefor and costs thereof, and make, settle and adjust all claims under such policies of insurance, and make all determinations and decisions with respect to such policies; (c) pay or discharge any taxes, Liens, or other encumbrances levied or placed on or threatened against the Borrower or the Borrower’s property; (d) to the extent related to the Collateral and the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, defend any suit, action or proceeding brought against the Borrower if the Borrower does not defend such suit, action or proceeding or if Attorney reasonably believes that it is not pursuing such defense in a manner that will maximize the recovery to Attorney, and settle, compromise or adjust any suit, action, or proceeding described above and, in connection therewith, give such discharges or releases as Attorney may deem appropriate; (e) file or prosecute any claim, litigation, suit or proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction or before any arbitrator, or take any other action otherwise deemed appropriate by Attorney for the purpose of collecting any and all such moneys due to the Borrower whenever payable and to enforce any other right in respect of the Borrower’s property; (f) sell, transfer, pledge, make any agreement with respect to, or otherwise deal with, any of the Borrower’s property, and execute, in connection with such sale or action, any endorsements, assignments or other instruments of conveyance or transfer in connection therewith; (g) to give any necessary receipts or acquittance for amounts collected or received under the Loan and Servicing Agreement; (h) to make all necessary transfers of the Collateral in connection with any such sale or other disposition made pursuant to the Loan and Servicing Agreement; (i) to execute and deliver for value all necessary or appropriate bills of sale, assignments and other instruments in connection with any such sale or other disposition of the Collateral, the Borrower hereby ratifying and confirming all that such Attorney (or any substitute) shall lawfully do or cause to be done hereunder and pursuant hereto; (j) to send such notification forms as the Attorney deems appropriate to give notice to Obligors of the Secured Parties’ interest in the Collateral Portfolio (k) to sign any agreements, orders or other documents in connection with or pursuant to any Transaction Document; and (l) to cause the certified public accountants then engaged by the Borrower to prepare and deliver to the Attorney at any time and from time to time, promptly upon Attorney’s request, any reports required to be prepared by or on behalf of the Borrower under the Transaction Documents, all as though Attorney were the absolute owner of the Borrower’s property for all purposes, and to do, at Attorney’s option and the Borrower’s expense, at any time or from time to time, all acts and other things that Attorney reasonably deems necessary to perfect, preserve or realize upon the Collateral and the Liens of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, thereon (including without limitation the execution and filing of UCC financing statements and continuation statements), all as fully and effectively as the Borrower might do. The Borrower hereby ratifies, to the extent permitted by law, all that said attorneys shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
[Remainder of Page Left Intentionally Blank]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Power of Attorney is executed by the Borrower, and the Borrower has caused its seal to be affixed pursuant to the authority of its directors and/or members as of the date first written above.
KREF LENDING VII LLC
By:

Name:
Title:
Sworn to and subscribed before
me this [____] [_], 20[_]:


    
Notary Public


FORM OF POWER OF ATTORNEY
KREF HOLDINGS VII LLC
[____] [_], 20[_]
This Power of Attorney is executed and delivered by KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings (“Holdings”) under the Loan and Servicing Agreement (each as defined below), to Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Administrative Agent under the Loan and Servicing Agreement (as defined below and in such capacity, the “Attorney”), pursuant to that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
No person to whom this Power of Attorney is presented, as authority for Attorney to take any action or actions contemplated hereby, shall inquire into or seek confirmation from Holdings as to the authority of Attorney to take any action described below, or as to the existence of or fulfillment of any condition to this Power of Attorney, which is intended to grant to Attorney unconditionally the authority to take and perform the actions contemplated herein, and Holdings irrevocably waives any right to commence any suit or action, in law or equity, against any person or entity that acts in reliance upon or acknowledges the authority granted under this Power of Attorney. The power of attorney granted hereby is coupled with an interest and may not be revoked or canceled by Holdings until the Facility Termination Date.
Holdings, hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints Attorney (and all officers, employees or agents designated by Attorney), solely in connection with the enforcement of the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the other Secured Parties under the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Document, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in Holdings’ place and stead and at Holdings’ expense and in Holdings’ name or in Attorney’s own name, from time to time in Attorney’s discretion, to take any and all appropriate action and to execute and deliver any and all documents and instruments that may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, hereby grants to Attorney the power and right, on its behalf, without notice to or assent by it, to do the following, each in accordance with the Loan and Servicing Agreement and the other Transaction Documents: (a) open mail for Holdings, and ask, demand, collect, give acquittances and receipts for, take possession of, or endorse and receive payment of, any checks, drafts, notes, acceptances, or other instruments for the payment of moneys due, and sign and endorse any invoices, freight or express bills, bills of lading, storage or warehouse receipts, drafts against debtors, assignments, verifications, and notices; (b) effect any repairs to any of Holdings’ assets, or continue or obtain any insurance and pay all or any part of the premiums therefor and costs thereof, and make, settle and adjust all claims under such policies of insurance, and make all determinations and decisions with respect to such policies; (c) pay or discharge any taxes, Liens, or other encumbrances levied or placed on or threatened against Holdings or Holdings’ property; (d) to the extent related to the Pledged Equity and the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, defend any suit, action or proceeding brought against Holdings if Holdings does not defend such suit, action or proceeding or if Attorney reasonably believes that it is not pursuing such defense in a manner that will maximize the recovery to Attorney, and settle, compromise or adjust any suit, action, or proceeding described above and, in connection therewith, give such discharges or releases as Attorney may deem appropriate; (e) file or prosecute any claim, litigation, suit or proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction or before any arbitrator, or take any other action otherwise deemed appropriate by Attorney for the purpose of collecting any and all such moneys due to Holdings whenever payable and to enforce any other right in respect of Holdings’ property; (f) sell, transfer, pledge, make any agreement with respect to, or otherwise deal with, any of Holdings’ property, and execute, in connection with such sale or action, any endorsements, assignments or other instruments of conveyance or transfer in connection therewith; (g) to give any necessary receipts or acquittance for amounts collected or received under the Loan and Servicing Agreement; (h) to make all necessary transfers of the Pledged Equity in connection with any such sale or other disposition made pursuant to the Loan and Servicing Agreement; (i) to execute and deliver for value all necessary or appropriate bills of sale, assignments and other instruments in connection with any such sale or other disposition of the Pledged Equity, Holdings hereby ratifying and confirming all that such Attorney (or any substitute) shall lawfully do or cause to be done hereunder and pursuant hereto; (j) to sign any agreements, orders or other documents in connection with or pursuant to any Transaction Document; and (k) to cause the certified public accountants then engaged by Holdings to prepare and deliver to the Attorney at any time and from time to time, promptly upon Attorney’s request, any reports required to be prepared by or on behalf of Holdings under the Transaction Documents, all as though Attorney were the absolute owner of Holdings’ property for all purposes, and to do, at Attorney’s option and Holdings’ expense, at any time or from time to time, all acts and other things that Attorney reasonably deems necessary to perfect, preserve or realize upon the Pledged Equity and the Liens of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, thereon (including without limitation the execution and filing of UCC financing statements and continuation statements), all as fully and effectively as Holdings might do. Holdings hereby ratifies, to the extent permitted by law, all that said attorneys shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
[Remainder of Page Left Intentionally Blank]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Power of Attorney is executed by Holdings, and Holdings has caused its seal to be affixed pursuant to the authority of its directors and/or members as of the date first written above.
KREF HOLDINGS VII LLC
By:

Name:
Title:
Sworn to and subscribed before
me this [____] [_], 20[_]:


    
Notary Public

EXHIBIT H
FORM OF SERVICING REPORT
(See Attached)


EXHIBIT I
FORM OF RELEASE OF REQUIRED LOAN DOCUMENTS
[Delivery Date]
 
 
 
PNC Bank, National Association,
as the Collateral Custodian
[390 Greenwich Street
New York, NY 10013]
Attn: [ ]
Facsimile No.: [ ]
Email: [ ]



Re:
Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger.
Ladies and Gentlemen:
In connection with the administration of the Loan Asset Files held by PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, under the Loan and Servicing Agreement, we request the release of the Loan Asset Files (or such documents as specified below) for the Loan Assets described below, for the reason indicated. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
Obligor’s Name, Address & Zip Code:
Loan Asset Number:
Loan Asset File:
Reason for Requesting Loan Asset File (check one)
____ 1.
Loan Asset paid in full. (The [Borrower] [Servicer] hereby certifies that all amounts received in connection with such Loan Asset have been credited to the Collection Account.)
____ 2.
Loan Asset liquidated by ____________________________. (The Servicer hereby certifies that all proceeds of foreclosure, insurance, condemnation or other liquidation have been finally received and credited to the Collection Account.)
____ 3.
Loan Asset File needed for the enforcement or servicing of the Loan Asset.
____ 4.
Loan Asset Sold in accordance with Section 2.07. (The [Borrower] [Servicer] hereby certifies that all amounts received in connection with such Loan Asset have been credited to the Collection Account.)
____ 5.
Loan Asset File returned due to a failure to satisfy the Review Criteria pursuant to Section 12.02(b)(i).
____ 6.
Loan Asset File delivered to the Collateral Custodian in error.
____ 7.
Resignation of Collateral Custodian pursuant to Section 12.07. Required Loan Documents returned to [the Administrative Agent][____, as designated by the Administrative Agent].
____ 8.
Loan Asset File requested in order to take any action that the Administrative Agent or the Servicer deems necessary or desirable in order to perfect, protect or more fully evidence the security interests granted by the Borrower under the Loan and Servicing Agreement, or to enable any of them to exercise or enforce any of their respective rights under the Loan and Servicing Agreement or under any Transaction Document.
____ 9.
Other (explain).

[Remainder of Page Left Intentionally Blank]

[REQUESTING PERSON]
By:

Name:
Title:
Date:


EXHIBIT J
[Reserved]

EXHIBIT K

FORM OF ADVANCE REQUEST

[Date]
(KREF LENDING VII LLC)

To: Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association,
as the Administrative Agent
10851 Mastin, Suite 300
         Overland Park, KS 66210
Attention: Executive Vice President – Division Head
Facsimile No.: (913) 253-9001
Email: NoticeAdmin@midlandls.com




Re:    Loan and Servicing Agreement dated as of April 11, 2018
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This Advance Request is delivered to you pursuant to Sections 2.02(b)(iii) of that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.
The undersigned, being a duly elected Responsible Officer of the Borrower and holding the office set forth below such officer’s name, hereby certifies as follows:
1.
The additional Loan Asset consists of (general description of the Loan Asset).
2.
The additional Loan Asset is [not] a Delayed Draw Loan Asset.
3.
The additional Loan Asset is an Eligible Loan Asset (as defined in the Loan and Servicing Agreement).
4.
The information set forth on Annex I hereto, which demonstrates compliance with the Collateral Quality Tests for such Loan Asset, is true, correct and complete.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Advance Request as of the date first written above.
KREF LENDING VII LLC,
as the Borrower
By:

Name:
Title:

ANNEX I
To Exhibit K
COLLATERAL QUALITY TESTS

(See Attached)

EXHIBIT L
[Reserved]
EXHIBIT M
FORM OF
U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Non-U.S. Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.09 of the Loan and Servicing Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the loan(s) (as well as any note(s) evidencing such loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iii) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (iv) it is not a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.
The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person status on IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E as applicable. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Administrative Agent with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.
Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan and Servicing Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.


[NAME OF LENDER]
By:   
 
Name:
 
Title:
Date: ________ __, 20[ ]

FORM OF
U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.09 of the Loan and Servicing Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iii) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code, and (iv) it is not a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.
The undersigned has furnished its participating Lender with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person status on IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender in writing, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.
Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan and Servicing Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.

[NAME OF PARTICIPANT]
By:   
 
Name:
 
Title:
Date: ________ __, 20[ ]


FORM OF
U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.09 of the Loan and Servicing Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such participation, (iii) with respect such participation, neither the undersigned nor any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a bank extending credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iv) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (v) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.
The undersigned has furnished its participating Lender with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (i) an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, or (ii) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, from each of such partner's/member's beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.
Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan and Servicing Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.

[NAME OF PARTICIPANT]
By:
 
Name:
 
Title:
Date: ________ __, 20[ ]

FORM OF
U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Non-U.S. Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Loan and Servicing Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2018 (as amended, modified, waived, supplemented or restated from time to time, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”), by and among KREF Holdings VII LLC, as Holdings, KREF Lending VII LLC, as the Borrower, PNC Bank, National Association, as the Collateral Custodian, Midland Loan Services, a division of PNC Bank, National Association, as the Servicer and the Administrative Agent, the Initial Lender, the other Lenders from time to time party thereto and KKR Capital Markets LLC, as the Sole Arranger.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.09 of the Loan and Servicing Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of the loan(s) (as well as any note(s) evidencing such loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such loan(s) (as well as any note(s) evidencing such loan(s)), (iii) with respect to the extension of credit pursuant to the Loan and Servicing Agreement or any other Transaction Document, neither the undersigned nor any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a bank extending credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iv) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (v) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.
The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (i) an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, or (ii) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, from each of such partner's/member's beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Administrative Agent with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.
Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan and Servicing Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan and Servicing Agreement.

[NAME OF LENDER]
By:
 
Name:
 
Title:
Date: ________ __, 20[ ]


EXHIBIT 10.22
EXECUTION VERSION

AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO GUARANTEE AGREEMENT
AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO GUARANTEE AGREEMENT, dated as of December 28, 2018 (this “Amendment”), by and between WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association (“Buyer”) and KKR REAL ESTATE FINANCE HOLDINGS, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Guarantor”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Repurchase Agreement (as defined below).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, (i) Seller and Buyer are parties to that certain Amended and Restated Master Repurchase and Securities Contract, dated as of April 7, 2017 (as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Master Repurchase and Securities Contract, dated as of September 20, 2017, as further amended by Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Master Repurchase and Securities Contract, dated as of November 28, 2018, and as further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time, the “Repurchase Agreement”), and (ii) Guarantor executed and delivered to Buyer the Guarantee Agreement dated as of October 21, 2015 (as amended pursuant to Amendment No. 2 to Master Repurchase and Securities Contract, Guarantee Agreement, Servicing Agreement and Custodial Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2016, as amended pursuant to Amendment No. 3 to Guarantee Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2017, as further amended hereby and as further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time, the “Guarantee Agreement”).
Therefore, in consideration of the premises and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Buyer and Guarantor hereby agree as follows:
SECTION 1.Guarantee Agreement Amendment. The defined terms, “Total Assets” and “Total Indebtedness”, as set forth in Section 1 of the Guarantee Agreement, are each hereby amended and restated in their entirety to read as follows:
Total Assets” shall mean, with respect to any Person, on any date of determination, an amount equal to the aggregate book value of all assets owned by such Person and its consolidated Subsidiaries and the proportionate share of such Person of all assets owned by Affiliates of such Person as consolidated in accordance with GAAP, less (a) amounts owing to such Person and its consolidated Subsidiaries from any Affiliate thereof, or from officers, employees, partners, members, directors, shareholders or other Persons similarly affiliated with such Person or any Affiliate thereof, (b) Intangible Assets, (c) prepaid taxes and expenses, all on or as of such date, (d) the amount of non-recourse Indebtedness owing pursuant to securitization transactions that are not issued or sponsored by Guarantor, Affiliates of Guarantor and/or Affiliates of Manager (e.g. commercial real estate CLOs) that result from the consolidation of “variable interest entities” under the requirements of the Accounting Standards Codification Section 810, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and (e) the amount of any non-recourse Indebtedness owing pursuant to a financing or securitization transaction such as a REMIC securitization, a collateralized loan obligation transaction or any other similar transaction.
Total Indebtedness” shall mean, with respect to any Person, as of any date of determination, the aggregate Indebtedness (other than Contingent Liabilities not reflected on such Person’s consolidated balance sheet) of such Person and its consolidated Subsidiaries plus the proportionate share of all Indebtedness (other than Contingent Liabilities not reflected on such Person’s consolidated balance sheet) of all non-consolidated Subsidiaries of such Person as of such date, all on or as of such date and determined in accordance with GAAP, less (a) the amount of non-recourse Indebtedness owing pursuant to securitization transactions that are not issued or sponsored by Guarantor, Affiliates of Guarantor and/or Affiliates of Manager (e.g. commercial real estate CLOs) that result from the consolidation of “variable interest entities” under the requirements of the Accounting Standards Codification Section 810, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and (b) the amount of any non-recourse Indebtedness owing pursuant to a financing or securitization transaction such as a REMIC securitization, a collateralized loan obligation transaction or any other similar transaction.
SECTION 2.    Conditions Precedent. This Amendment and its provisions shall become effective on the first date on which this Amendment is executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of each of Buyer and Guarantor (the “Amendment Effective Date”).
SECTION 3.    Representations, Warranties and Covenants. Guarantor hereby represents and warrants to Buyer, as of the date hereof and as of the Amendment Effective Date, that (i) it is in full compliance with all of the terms and provisions set forth in the Guarantee Agreement on its part to be observed or performed, and (ii) no default or event of default thereunder has occurred or is continuing. Guarantor hereby confirms and reaffirms the representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Guarantee Agreement.
SECTION 4.    Acknowledgements of Guarantor. Guarantor hereby acknowledges that Buyer is in compliance with its undertakings and obligations under the Guarantee Agreement and the other Repurchase Documents.
SECTION 5.    Limited Effect. Except as expressly amended and modified by this Amendment, the Guarantee Agreement shall continue to be, and shall remain, in full force and effect in accordance with its terms; provided, however, that upon the Amendment Effective Date (w) each reference therein and herein to the “Guarantee Agreement” shall be deemed to include, in any event, this Amendment, (x) each reference therein and herein to the “Repurchase Documents” shall be deemed to include, in any event, this Amendment and (y) each reference in the Guarantee Agreement to “this Agreement”, “this Guarantee Agreement”, “the Guarantee”, “hereof”, “herein” or words of similar effect in referring to the Guarantee Agreement shall be deemed to be references to the Guarantee Agreement, as amended by this Amendment.
SECTION 6.    No Novation, Effect of Agreement. Guarantor and Buyer have entered into this Amendment solely to amend the terms of the Guarantee Agreement and do not intend this Amendment or the transactions contemplated hereby to be, and this Amendment and the transactions contemplated hereby shall not be construed to be, a novation of any of the obligations owing by Seller, Pledgor or Guarantor (the “Repurchase Parties”) under or in connection with the Guarantee Agreement, the Repurchase Agreement, the Fee and Pricing Letter, the Pledge Agreement or any of the other Repurchase Documents to which any Repurchase Party is a party. It is the intention of each of the parties hereto that (i) the perfection and priority of all security interests securing the payment of the Repurchase Obligations of the Repurchase Parties under the Repurchase Agreement and the Pledge Agreement are preserved, (ii) the liens and security interests granted under the Repurchase Agreement and the Pledge Agreement continue in full force and effect, and (iii) any reference to the Guarantee Agreement in any such Repurchase Document shall be deemed to also reference this Amendment.
SECTION 7.    Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed by each of the parties hereto on any number of separate counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Amendment in Portable Document Format (PDF) or by facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed original counterpart thereof.
SECTION 8.    GOVERNING LAW. THIS AMENDMENT AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS AMENDMENT, THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTIES TO THIS AMENDMENT, AND/OR THE INTERPRETATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PARTIES TO THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL LAWS AND DECISIONS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CHOICE OF LAW RULES THEREOF.  THE PARTIES HERETO INTEND THAT THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 5-1401 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW SHALL APPLY TO THIS AMENDMENT. 
[SIGNATURES FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written.
GUARANTOR:
KKR REAL ESTATE FINANCE HOLDINGS, L.P., a Delaware limited liability partnership
By:

Name:
Title:
BUYER:
WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., a national banking association
By:

Name:
Title:





Exhibit 21.1

The following is a list of the consolidated subsidiaries of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. as of December 31, 2018.
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
 
 
 
 
Subsidiary
 
Jurisdiction of Organization
KKR Real Estate Finance Holdings L.P.
 
Delaware
KREF Capital LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Capital TRS LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings I LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings II LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings III LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings IV LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings V LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings VI LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings VII LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Holdings X LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending I LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending II LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending III LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending III TRS LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending IV LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending V LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending VI LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Lending VII LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Management Unit Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Mezz Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
KREF RECOP Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Securities Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Securities Holdings II, LLC
 
Delaware
REFH Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
REFH SR Mezz LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Finance Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
KREF Finance Holdings L.P.
 
Delaware
KREF Finance TRS LLC
 
Delaware
KREF CLO Sub-REIT LLC
 
Delaware
KREF CLO Loan Seller LLC
 
Delaware
KREF CLO Holdings LLC
 
Delaware
KREF 2018-FL1 Ltd.
 
Cayman Islands
KREF 2018-FL1 LLC
 
Delaware



EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-229043 on Form S-3 of our reports dated February 20, 2019 relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. and subsidiaries appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New York, New York
February 20, 2019




Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Christen E.J. Lee, certify that:
    
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.
Designed such internal control over financing reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financing reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
    
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:
/s/ Christen E.J. Lee
 
Christen E.J. Lee
 
Co-President and Co-Chief Executive Officer
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)
 
February 20, 2019





Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Matthew A. Salem, certify that:
    
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financing reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.
Designed such internal control over financing reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financing reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
    
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:
/s/ Matthew A. Salem
 
Matthew A. Salem
 
Co-President and Co-Chief Executive Officer
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)
 
February 20, 2019





Exhibit 31.3
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Mostafa Nagaty, certify that:
    
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.
Designed such internal control over financing reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financing reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
    
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:
/s/ Mostafa Nagaty
 
Mostafa Nagaty
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
February 20, 2019





Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY
ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Christen E.J. Lee, Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-President of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
    
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
By:
/s/ Christen E.J. Lee
 
Christen E.J. Lee
 
Co-President and Co-Chief Executive Officer
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)


February 20, 2019

*    The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.







Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY
ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-J of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Matthew A. Salem, Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-President of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
    
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
By:
/s/ Matthew A. Salem
 
Matthew A. Salem
 
Co-President and Co-Chief Executive Officer
 
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)


February 20, 2019

*    The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.







Exhibit 32.3
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY
ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mostafa Nagaty, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
    
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
By:
/s/ Mostafa Nagaty
 
Mostafa Nagaty
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
(Principal Financial Officer)


February 20, 2019

*    The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.