Horizon Global Corp (Form: 10-K, Received: 03/10/2017 12:40:51)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Form 10-K



(Mark One)
x		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
Or
o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-37427

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		47-3574483 (IRS Employer Identification No.)

2600 W. Big Beaver Road, Suite 555

Troy, Michigan 48084

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)

(248) 593-8820

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class:		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
Common stock, $0.01 par value		New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of "accelerated filer," "large accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large Accelerated Filer o	Accelerated Filer x	Non-accelerated Filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller Reporting Company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2016 was approximately $209.9 million , based upon the closing sales price of the Registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value, reported for such date on the New York Stock Exchange. For purposes of this calculation only, directors and executive officers are deemed to be affiliates of the Registrant.

As of March 7, 2017 , the number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value, was 25,536,680 shares.

Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein.

Horizon Global Corporation

Index




		Forward-Looking Statements	3
Part I.
	Item 1.	Business	4
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	11
	Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	20
	Item 2.	Properties	20
	Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	20
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	21
	Supplementary Item.	Executive Officers of the Company	21

Part II.
	Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	22
	Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	24
	Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
	Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
	Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	40
	Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	73
	Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	73
	Item 9B.	Other Information	73

Part III.
	Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	74
	Item 11.	Executive Compensation	74
	Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	92
	Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	92
	Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	92

Part IV .
	Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	93
	Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	94
	Signatures		95
	Exhibit Index		II-1

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words, such as "may," "could," "should," "estimate," "project," "forecast," "intend," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "target," "plan" or other comparable words, or by discussions of strategy that may involve risks and uncertainties.

These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results including, but not limited to, risks and uncertainties with respect to: the Company's integration of the Westfalia Group (defined herein); leverage; liabilities imposed by the Company's debt instruments; market demand; competitive factors; supply constraints; material and energy costs; technology factors; litigation; government and regulatory actions; the Company's accounting policies; future trends; general economic and currency conditions; various conditions specific to the Company's business and industry; and other risks that are discussed in, Part I, Item 1A, " Risk Factors. " The risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deemed to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations or cash flows.

The cautionary statements set forth above should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. We caution readers not to place undo reliance on the statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not undertake any obligation to review or confirm analysts' expectations or estimates or to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as otherwise required by law.

We disclose important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations implied by our forward-looking statements under Item 7, " Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ," and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributed to us or persons acting on our behalf. When we indicate that an event, condition or circumstance could or would have an adverse effect on us, we mean to include effects upon our business, financial and other conditions, results of operations, prospects and ability to service our debt.

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PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

Horizon Global Corporation, which we refer to herein as "Horizon," "Horizon Global," "we" or the "Company," became an independent, publicly traded company as the result of a spin-off, which we refer to herein as the “spin-off,” from TriMas Corporation, or “TriMas,” on June 30, 2015.

We are a leading designer, manufacturer and distributor of a wide variety of high-quality, custom-engineered towing, trailering, cargo management and other related accessory products on a global basis, serving the automotive aftermarket, retail and original equipment, or “OE,” channels.

In the fourth quarter of 2016, as a result of the Westfalia Group acquisition, the Company realigned its executive management structure, which changed the information used by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and allocate resources. As a result, we report the results of our business in three reportable segments: Horizon Americas , Horizon Asia‑Pacific , and Horizon Europe‑Africa . We have recast prior period amounts to conform to the way we currently manage and monitor segment performance under the new segments.

Horizon Americas has historically operated primarily in North America, and we believe has been a leader in towing and trailering-related products sold through retail, aftermarket, OE and e-commerce channels. In recent years, Horizon Americas expanded its geographic footprint into the South American market. Horizon Asia‑Pacific and Horizon Europe‑Africa focus their sales and manufacturing efforts outside of North and South America, historically operating primarily in Australia and Europe, respectively, and we believe have been leaders in towing related products sold through the OE and aftermarket channels. We have expanded our geographic footprint into New Zealand, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and South Africa. We are in the early stages of our development in these additional markets, initially focusing primarily on supporting OE customers.

Our products are used in two primary categories across the world: commercial applications, or “Work,” and recreational activities, or “Play.” Some of the markets in our Work category include agricultural, automotive, construction, fleet, industrial, marine, military, mining and municipalities. Some of the markets in our Play category include equestrian, power sports, recreational vehicle, specialty automotive, truck accessory and other specialty towing applications. We believe that the primary brands we offer are among the most recognized in the markets we serve and are known for quality, safety and performance. Our products reach end consumers through many avenues, including independent retailers, warehouse distributors, dealers, OE, retail stores and online retailers.

We believe no individual competitor serving the channels we participate in can match our broad product portfolio, which we categorize into the following four groups:


▪	Towing: This product category includes devices and accessories installed on a tow-vehicle for the purpose of attaching a trailer, camper, etc. such as hitches, fifth wheels, gooseneck hitches, weight distribution systems, wiring harnesses, draw bars, ball mounts, crossbars, towbars, security and other towing accessories;


▪	Trailering: This product category includes control devices and components of the trailer itself such as brake controls, jacks, winches, couplers, interior and exterior vehicle lighting and brake replacement parts;

▪

Cargo Management: This product category includes a wide variety of products used to facilitate the transportation of various forms of cargo, to secure that cargo or to organize items. Examples of these products are bike racks, roof cross bar systems, cargo carriers, luggage boxes, car interior protective products, rope, tie-downs, tarps, tarp straps, bungee cords, loading ramps and interior travel organizers; and


▪	Other: This product category includes a diverse range of items in our portfolio that do not fit into any of the previous three main categories. Items in this category include tubular push bars, side steps, sports bars, skid plates, oil pans and commercial brooms and brushes.

We have positioned our product portfolio to create a variety of options based on price-point, ranging from entry-level to premium-level products across most of our markets. We believe the brands we offer in our aftermarket channel have significant customer recognition, with the four most significant being Reese®, Hayman-Reese™, Draw-Tite® and Westfalia®. We believe all four have substantial market share and have been leading brands in the towing market for over 50 years. These brands provide the foundation of our market position based on worldwide commercial and consumer acceptance. We also maintain a collection of

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regionally recognized brands that include Aqua Clear™, Bulldog®, BTM, DHF, Engetran, Fulton®, Harper®, Kovil, Laitner™, Parkside®, Reese Secure™, Reese Explorer™, Reese Power Sports, Reese Towpower™, ROLA®, Tekonsha®, Trojan®, WesBarg® and Witter Towbar Systems. In addition to these product brands, we historically marketed our products to our OE customers in Australia, and more recently in North America, under the name TriMotive.

For information pertaining to net sales and operating profit attributed to our reportable segments, refer to Note 16 , " Segment Information ," included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Industry

Our products are sold into a diverse set of end-markets; the primary applications relate to automotive accessories for light and recreational vehicles. Purchases of automotive accessory parts are discretionary and we believe demand is driven by macro-economic factors including (i) employment trends, (ii) consumer sentiment and (iii) fuel prices, among others.

We believe all of these metrics impact both our Work- and Play-related sales. In addition, we believe the Play-related sales are more sensitive to changes in these indices, given the Play-related sales tend to be more directly related to disposable income levels. In general, recent decreases in unemployment and fuel prices, coupled with increases in consumer sentiment, are positive trends for our businesses.

Aftermarket and Retail Channels

We sell our products in the aftermarket and retail channels to a wide range of customers, including distributors, automotive retail stores, non-automotive retailers, installers and mass merchants. More recent trends in the aftermarket and retail channels include:

▪

Channel Consolidation : In the more mature market of the United States, there has been increasing consolidation in distribution networks with larger, more sophisticated aftermarket distributors and retailers gaining market share. In kind, these distributors generally require larger, more sophisticated suppliers with product expertise, category management and supply chain services and capabilities, as well as a global manufacturing and services footprint. We provide customers in this category the opportunity to rationalize their supply base of vendors in our product lines by virtue of our broad offering and product expertise; and

▪

Growth of Online Capabilities : Reaching consumers directly through online capabilities, including e-commerce, is having an increasing impact on the global automotive aftermarket and retail channels. Establishment of a robust online presence is critical for suppliers regardless of whether or not they participate directly in e-commerce. We believe we are positioned well to take advantage of this continuing trend, given our established online presence. We support consumers by offering a wide range of information on our products and services, including installation videos, custom-fit guides and links to authorized dealers, both brick and mortar and e-commerce.

OE Channels

While OE demand is typically driven by planned vehicle production, suppliers also grow by increasing their product content per vehicle through sales of existing product lines or expansion into new product line offerings. Given the consolidation and globalization throughout the automotive industry, suppliers combining a global presence with strong engineering, technology, manufacturing, supply chain and customer support will be best positioned to take advantage of OE business opportunities.

More recent trends in the global OE supplier market include:


▪	Global Platform/Supplier Consolidation : OEs are adopting global vehicle platforms to decrease product development costs and increase manufacturing efficiency and profitability. As a result, OEs are selecting suppliers that have the capacity to manufacture and deliver products on a worldwide basis as well as the flexibility to adapt products to local variations.

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Suppliers with a global supply chain and efficient manufacturing capabilities are best positioned to benefit from this trend. We believe we are uniquely positioned to take advantage of this trend as a result of our global manufacturing footprint, highly developed supply chain relationships and track record of success in solving application challenges in our product lines;

▪

Outsourcing of Design and Manufacturing of Vehicle Parts and Systems : OEs continually strive to simplify their assembly processes, lower costs and reduce development times. As a result, they have increasingly relied on suppliers to perform many of the design, engineering, research and development and assembly functions traditionally performed by OEs. Suppliers with extensive design and engineering capabilities are in the best position to benefit from this trend as they are able to offer OEs value-added solutions with superior features and convenience. We believe certain OEs have sought us out to assist with their engineering challenges to increase towing capacity and for the many solutions provided by our existing products; and

▪

Shorter Product Development Cycles : Due to frequent shifts in government regulations and customer preferences, OEs are requiring suppliers to continue to provide new designs and product innovations. These trends are prevalent in mature markets as well as, emerging markets, which are advancing rapidly towards the regulatory standards and consumer preferences of the more mature markets. Suppliers with strong technologies, robust global engineering and development capabilities are best positioned to meet OE demands for rapid innovation. Our global engineering footprint and exposure to vehicles early in the development cycle enables a responsive solution to changing customer needs and facilitates the rapid deployment of the solution across the global launch of the customer’s platform.

Competitive Strengths

We believe our reportable segments share and benefit from the following competitive strengths:

▪

Diverse Product Portfolio of Market Leading Brands . We believe we benefit from a diverse portfolio of high-quality and highly-engineered products sold under globally recognized and market leading brand names. By offering a wide range of products, we are able to provide a complete solution to satisfy our customers' towing, trailering and cargo management needs, as well as serve diverse channels through effective brand management. Our brands are well-known in their respective product areas and channels. We believe that we are the leading supplier of towing products and among the leading suppliers of trailering products globally.

▪

Global Scale with Flexible Manufacturing Footprint and Supply Chain . We were built through internal growth and a series of acquisitions to become the only truly global automotive accessories company with the products we offer. We have the ability to produce low-volume, customized, quick-turn products in our global manufacturing facilities, while our sourcing arrangements with third-party suppliers provide us with the flexibility to manufacture or source high-volume products as end-market demand fluctuates. Our flexible manufacturing capability, low-cost manufacturing facilities and established supply chain allow us to more quickly and efficiently respond to changes in end-market demand.

▪

Long-Term Relationships with a Diverse Customer Base . Our customers encompass a broad range of OEs, mass merchants, e-commerce websites, distributors, dealers, and independent installers, representing multiple channels to reaching the end consumer. Blue chip customers include Wal-Mart, Ford Motor Company, FCA, Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, AutoZone, Amazon, Toyota, Canadian Tire, LKQ, U-Haul, Home Depot and Etrailer, among others. Our customer relationships are well established, with many exceeding 20 years. These strong partnerships can provide stability to our revenue base through economic cycles. We believe Horizon’s diverse product portfolio, global scale and flexible manufacturing capabilities enable us to provide a unique value proposition to customers.

▪

Globally Competitive Cost Structure. Since becoming an independent public company, we have focused on margin improvement activities, identifying and acting on projects to reduce our cost structure. With focused, identifiable projects well under way or complete, we believe we will benefit from improved operating margins and cash flow that can then be deployed to high-value creation activities. The combination of our strong brand names, leading market position, flexible manufacturing and sourcing operations have historically resulted in significant cash flow generation.

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▪

Experienced Management Team . Our management team is led by our Chief Executive Officer, Mark Zeffiro, who was a senior executive at TriMas for over seven years and has more than 25 years of financial, operational and business leadership experience with companies such as Black & Decker and General Electric Company. David Rice, our Chief Financial Officer, joined TriMas in 2005 and brings more than 30 years of financial, audit and leadership experience to the role. David was previously division finance officer of Cequent Performance Products. John Aleva, President of Horizon Americas , has nearly 30 years of experience in automotive aftermarket, retail and OE, and has been with Horizon for over 11 years. The leadership team of Horizon Asia‑Pacific includes Jason Kieseker, who joined the Horizon business in 2001 and has held various leadership roles within our Horizon Asia‑Pacific business. The leadership team of Horizon Europe‑Africa includes Paul Caruso, who has over 30 years of experience in a variety of roles within the industrial and automotive markets.

Key Business Priorities

Horizon Global established three strategic platforms for value creation focused on business improvement and transformation, supported by a company culture of continuous improvement.

▪

Margin Expansion. Our first priority is to drive the organization to a 10% operating margin level within our strategic planning period. We believe the investments made in new and upgraded facilities and equipment over the past few years should provide the foundation, without significant additional investment, for additional margin expansion. We are developing an organization in which all team members are focused on constantly improving the efficiency of all operations through the adoption of lean and continuous improvement practices.

▪

Capital Structure. Our second priority is to improve our capital structure. Our net leverage ratio, as defined in certain of the agreements covering our indebtedness, at December 31, 2016 was approximately 3.6 times. The common stock offering and convertible notes offering executed in 2017 subsequently lowered our leverage ratio. Refer to Note 19, " Subsequent Events " in Item 8 , " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. Our long-term net leverage ratio target is less than 2 times. We aim to accomplish this goal through both margin improvement as well as paying down our fixed obligations, and should we decide to do so, we have a structure in place that allows us to prepay debt in addition to the amortization required under our term debt.


▪	Organic Growth. Our third priority is to grow the business 3% to 5% on an organic basis, annually. We have identified five broad areas of focused growth activities, involving geographic markets and sales channels, which we believe are particularly aligned with our competitive strengths.

Growth Strategies

Prior to becoming an independent public company, Horizon operated on a regional basis under separate management teams, with independent business decisions and resource allocations made by the Horizon Americas , Horizon Asia‑Pacific and Horizon Europe‑Africa leaders. As a public company, we are reorganizing our global operations to operate as a single combined entity. As a result, we believe that we have multiple opportunities to integrate, improve and grow our business, whether via organic initiatives or via acquisitions of new products or in new geographies, through the following strategies:

▪

Original Equipment . The global market for accessories and vehicle personalization is increasing and automotive manufacturers are looking for suppliers to partner with to create genuine accessories to meet this need. Historically, this has been a regional effort, but the growth of global OE has increased the need for global suppliers. Our geographic footprint, existing customer relationships and the increase in global vehicle platforms align to present us with unique opportunities to grow with our OE customers.

▪

E-commerce . We intend to leverage the breadth of our product portfolio and global manufacturing footprint to expand our presence in the high growth e-commerce channel. This strategy is applicable in our developed markets where a focus on content delivery and customer support drive growth. It is also a powerful tool as we look at developing new, less mature markets around the world, enabling a direct connection with the users of our product set.

▪

Latin American Markets . Since entering the Latin American market, we have witnessed a desire to accessorize vehicles among new entrants to the middle class. We expanded our global footprint and product portfolio in Brazil by acquiring DHF Soluções Automotivas Ltda and Engetran Engenharia, Indústria, e Comércio de Peças e Acessórios Veiculares Ltda, respectively, which are reported under Horizon Americas . We believe these expansions into new geographies provide opportunities for growth, while supporting both new and existing global customers.

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▪

Chinese Market. China is in the early stages of adoption for towing and trailering products. As this adoption rate increases, there is an opportunity for us to bring our experience in the safe use of these products into the market in a meaningful capacity. The rapidly growing middle class, in concert with a developing interest in an outdoor recreational lifestyle, is expected to result in incremental demand for our automotive aftermarket products and accessories. We intend to leverage our existing relationships with global OEs and our global manufacturing and distribution network to expand our sales in this developing economy.


▪	Product Innovation. Our focus in multi-generational product planning is to formalize the process by which we integrate the feedback and needs of users into our product development engine. We look to move beyond simply responding to the feedback that we receive, to anticipating the functionality future products need to possess to enrich the lives of our users.

Marketing, Customers and Distribution

Horizon employs a dedicated sales force in each of our primary channels. In serving our customers globally, we rely upon our strong historical customer relationships, custom engineering capability, brand recognition, broad product offerings, our established distribution network and varied merchandising strategies to bolster our towing, trailering, cargo management and accessory product sales. Significant Horizon customers include Ford Motor Company, Toyota and General Motors/Holden in the OE channel; Wal-Mart, AutoZone and Super Retail Group in the retail channel; and LKQ, U-Haul and the Proex Group in the aftermarket channel. No customer represented greater than 10% of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 or 2014 .

Competition

The competitive environment for automotive accessory products is highly fragmented and is characterized by numerous smaller suppliers, even the largest of which tend to focus in narrow product categories. We believe there is no individual competitor that has the breadth of product portfolio on a global basis in the markets we serve. Significant towing competitors include Curt Manufacturing, B&W Trailer Hitches, The Bosal Group, Brink, Buyers Products Company, Demco Products, PullRite, Westin Automotive Products and Camco. Significant trailering competitors include Pacific Rim, Dutton-Lainson, Shelby, Ultra-Fab, Sea-Sense and Atwood. In addition, competition in the cargo management product category primarily comes from Thule, Yakima, Bell, Masterlock and Saris.

Acquisition Strategy

We believe that our businesses have significant opportunities to grow through disciplined strategic acquisitions. We typically seek bolt-on acquisitions, in which we acquire another industry participant or adjacent product lines that enhance the strengths of our core businesses. When evaluating acquisition targets, we look for opportunities to expand our existing product offerings, gain access to new customers and end markets, add new early life cycle technologies, as well as add additional distribution channels, expand our geographic footprint and/or capitalize on scale and cost efficiencies.

Westfalia Acquisition

On October 4, 2016, we completed our previously announced acquisition of Westfalia-Automotive Holding GmbH and TeIJs Holding B.V., which we refer to collectively as the “ Westfalia Group " or "Westfalia”. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, we acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of the Westfalia Group for cash consideration of approximately $99.2 million and the issuance to certain of the sellers of 2,704,310 shares of our common stock in a transaction exempt from registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, or the “Securities Act.” We funded the cash payment, as well as the repayment of certain of the Westfalia Group’s debt, through a combination of cash on hand and $152.0 million of incremental borrowings under our Term B Loan.

The Westfalia Group is a leading global towing company. Headquartered in Rheda-Wiedenbrück, Germany, with operating facilities in 11 countries, it manufactures towing and trailering products, including more than 1,700 different types of towbars, wiring kits and carrier systems for cars and light utility vehicles. It holds in excess of 300 issued patents and published patent applications protecting its unique line of towing and trailering products. The brands under which it markets its products include Westfalia, Terwa and Siarr.

The acquisition of the Westfalia Group positions us as a leading manufacturer of towing and trailering equipment in Europe and further complements our broad portfolio. We believe the acquisition will expand our opportunities for revenue and margin growth, increase our market share and augment our global OE footprint with access to new markets and customers.

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Materials and Supply Arrangements

We are sensitive to price movements in our raw materials supply base. Our largest material purchases are for steel, copper, and aluminum. We also consume a significant amount of energy via utilities in our facilities. Historically, when we have experienced increasing costs of steel, we have successfully worked with our suppliers to manage cost pressures and disruptions in supply. Price increases used to offset inflation or a disruption of supply in core materials have generally been successful, although sometimes delayed. Increases in price for these purposes represent a risk in execution.

Employees and Labor Relations

As of December 31, 2016 , we employed approximately 4,250 people, of which approximately 13% were located in the United States. In the United States, we have no collective bargaining agreements. Employee relations have generally been satisfactory.

On July 21, 2015, we announced the decision to close our manufacturing facility in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico along with our distribution warehouse in El Paso, Texas, within our Horizon Americas segment, impacting approximately 214 hourly and 47 salaried employees. During the second quarter of 2016, we vacated the El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico sites.

Seasonality and Backlog

We experience some seasonality in our business. Sales of towing and trailering products in the northern hemisphere, where we generate the majority of our sales, are generally stronger in the second and third calendar quarters, as trailer OEs, distributors and retailers acquire product for the spring and summer selling seasons. Our growing businesses in the southern hemisphere are stronger in the first and fourth calendar quarters. We do not consider order backlog to be a material factor in our businesses.

Environmental Matters

We are subject to increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to air emissions, wastewater discharges and chemical and hazardous waste management and disposal. Some of these environmental laws hold owners or operators of land or businesses liable for their own and for previous owners' or operators' releases of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes. Other environmental laws and regulations require the obtainment and compliance with environmental permits. To date, costs of complying with environmental, health and safety requirements have not been material. However, the nature of our operations and our long history of industrial activities at certain of our current or former facilities, as well as those acquired, could potentially result in material environmental liabilities.

While we must comply with existing and pending climate change legislation, regulation and international treaties or accords, current laws and regulations have not had a material impact on our business, capital expenditures or financial position. Future events, including those relating to climate change or greenhouse gas regulation could require us to incur expenses related to the modification or curtailment of operations, installation of pollution control equipment or investigation and cleanup of contaminated sites.

Intangible Assets

Our identified intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships, trademarks and trade names and technology, are recorded at approximately $86.7 million as of December 31, 2016 , net of accumulated amortization. The valuation of each of our identified intangibles was performed using broadly accepted valuation methodologies and techniques.

Customer Relationships. We have developed and maintained stable, long-term selling relationships with customer groups for specific branded products and/or focused market product offerings within each of our businesses. Useful lives assigned to customer relationship intangibles range from 5 to 25 years and have been estimated using historic customer retention and turnover data. Other factors considered in evaluating estimated useful lives include the diverse nature of focused markets and products of which we have significant share, how customers in these markets make purchases and these customers' position in the supply chain. We also monitor and evaluate the impact of other evolving risks including the threat of lower cost competitors and evolving technology.

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Trademarks and Trade Names. Each of our operating groups designs and manufactures products for focused markets under various trade names and trademarks. Our trademark/trade name intangibles are well-established and considered long-lived assets that require maintenance through advertising and promotion expenditures. Because it is our practice and intent to maintain and to continue to support, develop and market these trademarks/trade names for the foreseeable future, we consider our rights in these trademarks/trade names to have an indefinite life, except as otherwise dictated by applicable law. During the second quarter of 2016, we made a decision to simplify our brand offering in the Horizon Americas segment. This resulted in the impairment of trade names with an aggregate carrying value of $2.4 million . During the fourth quarter of 2016, we performed our annual assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets. Based on this assessment, we determined that certain trade names with an aggregate carrying value of $6.9 million were impaired. This resulted in impairment charges of $6.2 million . For additional information, refer to Note 6, " Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ," included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Technology. We hold a number of U.S. and foreign patents, patent applications, and proprietary product and process-oriented technologies. We have, and will continue to dedicate, technical resources toward the further development of our products and processes in order to maintain our competitive position in the industrial, commercial and consumer end markets that we serve. Estimated useful lives for our technology intangibles range from 3 to 15 years and are determined in part by any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that limit useful life. Other factors considered include the expected use of the technology by the operating groups, the expected useful life of the product and/or product programs to which the technology relates, and the rate of technology adoption by the industry.

International Operations

Approximately 34.0% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 were derived outside of the United States. We may significantly expand our international operations through organic growth and acquisitions. In addition, approximately 95.0% of our total net fixed assets as of December 31, 2016 were located outside of the United States. We operate manufacturing facilities in Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, Romania, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. For information pertaining to the net sales and total assets attributed to our international operations, refer to Note 16 , " Segment Information, " included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Website Access to Company Reports

We use our Investor Relations website, www.horizonglobal.com , as a channel for routine distribution of important information, including news releases, analyst presentations and financial information. We post filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC, including our annual, quarterly, and current reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, our proxy statements and any amendments to those reports or statements. All such postings and filings are available on our Investor Relations website free of charge. The SEC also maintains a website, www.sec.gov , that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The content on any website referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K unless expressly noted.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider each of the risks described below, together with information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other documents we file with the SEC. The risks that are highlighted below are not the only ones that we face. Some of our risks relate principally to our business and the industry in which we operate, while others relate principally to our spin-off from TriMas, to the securities markets in general and ownership of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be negatively affected.

Risks Relating to our Business and our Industry

Our businesses depend upon general economic conditions and we serve some customers in highly cyclical industries; as such, we may be subject to the loss of sales and margins due to an economic downturn or recession.

Our financial performance depends, in large part, on conditions in the markets that we serve in both the U.S. and global economies. Some of the industries that we serve are highly cyclical, such as the agricultural, automotive, construction, horse/livestock, industrial, marine, military, recreational, trailer and utility markets. We may experience a reduction in sales and margins as a result of a downturn in economic conditions or other macroeconomic factors. Lower demand for our products may also negatively affect the capacity utilization of our production facilities, which may further reduce our operating margins.

Many of the markets we serve are highly competitive, which could limit the volume of products that we sell and reduce our operating margins.

Many of our products are sold in competitive markets. We believe that the principal points of competition in our markets are product quality and price, design and engineering capabilities, product development, conformity to customer specifications, reliability and timeliness of delivery, customer service and effectiveness of distribution. Maintaining and improving our competitive position will require continued investment by us in manufacturing, engineering, quality standards, marketing, customer service and support of our distribution networks. We may have insufficient resources in the future to continue to make such investments and, even if we make such investments, we may not be able to maintain or improve our competitive position. We also face the risk of lower-cost foreign manufacturers located in China, Southeast Asia, India and other regions competing in the markets for our products, and we may be driven as a consequence of this competition to increase our investment overseas. Making overseas investments can be highly complicated and we may not always realize the advantages we anticipate from any such investments. Competitive pressure may limit the volume of products that we sell and reduce our operating margins.

We may be unable to successfully implement our business strategies. Our ability to realize our business strategies may be limited.

Our businesses operate in relatively mature industries and it may be difficult to successfully pursue our growth strategies and realize material benefits therefrom. Even if we are successful, other risks attendant to our businesses and the economy generally may substantially or entirely eliminate the benefits.

We may not achieve our strategic goals for margin expansion, capital structure improvement and organic growth; our past performance in these areas may not be indicative of future performance. Failure to achieve our strategic goals may adversely impact our results of operations.

Our strategic platforms for value creation and goals for margin expansion, capital structure improvement and organic growth are subject to risk and uncertainty and depend on general economic, credit, capital market and other conditions that are beyond our control and are subject to fluctuation. Our past performance with respect to margin expansion, capital structure improvement and organic growth, both before and after the spin-off, should be considered independent from, and may not be a reliable indicator of, future performance. These strategic goals may need to be revised or may not be met for a number of reasons, including changes in general economic conditions in the United States and abroad, changes in credit and capital market conditions, increased competition in the markets for our products, increases in raw material or energy costs and changes in technology and manufacturing techniques.

Increases in our raw material or energy costs or the loss of critical suppliers could adversely affect our profitability and other financial results.

We are sensitive to price movements in our raw materials supply base. Our largest material purchases are for steel, copper and aluminum. The prices for these products have historically been volatile, fluctuate with market conditions and may increase as a result of various factors, including: a reduction in the number of suppliers due to restructurings, bankruptcies and consolidations, declining supply due to mine or mill closures and other factors that adversely impact supplier profitability, including increases in supplier operating expenses caused by rising raw material and energy costs. We may be unable to completely offset the impact with price increases on a timely basis due to outstanding commitments to our customers, competitive considerations or our customers’ resistance to accepting such price increases and our financial performance may be adversely impacted by further price

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increases. A failure by our suppliers to continue to supply us with certain raw materials or component parts on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on us. To the extent there are energy supply disruptions or material fluctuations in energy costs, our margins could be materially adversely impacted.

Our products are typically highly engineered or customer-driven and we are subject to risks associated with changing technology and manufacturing techniques that could place us at a competitive disadvantage.

We believe that our customers rigorously evaluate their suppliers on the basis of product quality, price competitiveness, technical expertise and development capability, new product innovation, reliability and timeliness of delivery, product design capability, manufacturing expertise, operational flexibility, customer service and overall management. Our success depends on our ability to continue to meet our customers’ changing expectations with respect to these criteria. We anticipate that we will remain committed to product research and development, advanced manufacturing techniques and service to remain competitive, which entails significant costs. We may be unable to address technological advances, implement new and more cost-effective manufacturing techniques, or introduce new or improved products, whether in existing or new markets, so as to maintain our businesses’ competitive positions or to grow our businesses as desired.

We depend on the services of key individuals and relationships, the loss of which could materially harm us.

Our success will depend, in part, on the efforts of our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer. Our future success will also depend on, among other factors, our ability to attract and retain other qualified personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key employees or the failure to attract or retain employees could have a material adverse effect on us.

A future impairment of our intangible assets or goodwill could have a material negative impact on our financial results.

At December 31, 2016 , our intangible assets and goodwill were approximately $86.7 million and $120.2 million , respectively. Intangibles and goodwill each represented approximately 14% and 20% of our total assets, respectively. If we experience declines in sales and operating profit or do not meet our current and forecasted operating budget, we may be subject to future impairment charges. Because of the significance of these assets, any future impairment could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

If we are unable to systematically consolidate our brand names it may impair our related intangible assets, which could have a material negative impact on our financial results.

We are currently in the process of simplifying our brand portfolio to reduce complexity and increase margins. If we are unable to successfully consolidate our brands we may be required to record impairment charges related to our related intangible assets.

We may face liability associated with the use of products for which patent ownership or other intellectual property rights are claimed.

We may be subject to claims or inquiries regarding alleged unauthorized use of a third party’s intellectual property. An adverse outcome in any intellectual property litigation could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to license technology or other intellectual property rights from others, require us to comply with injunctions to cease marketing or using certain products or brands, or require us to redesign, re-engineer, or re-brand certain products or packaging, any of which could affect our business, financial condition and operating results. If we are required to seek licenses under patents or other intellectual property rights of others, we may not be able to acquire these licenses on acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, the cost of responding to an intellectual property infringement claim, in terms of legal fees and expenses and the diversion of management resources, whether or not the claim is valid, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may be unable to adequately protect our intellectual property.

While we believe that our patents, trademarks and other intellectual property have significant value, it is uncertain that this intellectual property or any intellectual property acquired or developed by us in the future, will provide a meaningful competitive advantage. Our patents or pending applications may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by competitors or rights granted thereunder may not provide meaningful proprietary protection. Moreover, competitors may infringe on our patents or successfully avoid them through design innovation. Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and expensive, and we may not be able to, or have the resources to, prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect such rights as fully as in the United States. The cost of protecting our intellectual property may be significant and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and future results of operations.

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We may incur material losses and costs as a result of product liability, recall and warranty claims that may be brought against us.

We are subject to a variety of litigation incidental to our business, including claims for damages arising out of use of our products, claims relating to intellectual property matters and claims involving employment matters and commercial disputes.

We currently carry insurance and maintain reserves for potential product liability claims. However, our insurance coverage may be inadequate if such claims do arise and any liability not covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business. Although we have been able to obtain insurance in amounts we believe to be appropriate to cover such liability to date, our insurance premiums may increase in the future as a consequence of conditions in the insurance business generally or our situation in particular. Any such increase could result in lower net income or cause the need to reduce our insurance coverage. In addition, a future claim may be brought against us that could have a material adverse effect on us. Any product liability claim may also include the imposition of punitive damages, the award of which, pursuant to certain state laws, may not be covered by insurance. Our product liability insurance policies have limits that, if exceeded, may result in material costs that could have an adverse effect on our future profitability. In addition, warranty claims are generally not covered by our product liability insurance. Further, any product liability or warranty issues may adversely affect our reputation as a manufacturer of high-quality, safe products, divert management’s attention, and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected by compliance obligations and liabilities under environmental laws and regulations.

We are subject to increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to air emissions, wastewater discharges and chemical and hazardous waste management and disposal. Some of these environmental laws hold owners or operators of land or businesses liable for their own and for previous owners’ or operators’ releases of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes. Other environmental laws and regulations require the obtainment and compliance with environmental permits. To date, costs of complying with environmental, health and safety requirements have not been material. However, the nature of our operations and our long history of industrial activities at certain of our current or former facilities, as well as those acquired, could potentially result in material environmental liabilities.

We have a substantial amount of debt. To service our debt, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control. If we cannot generate the required cash, we may not be able to make the necessary payments required under our debt.

At December 31, 2016, after giving effect to our issuance of $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of our convertible senior notes due 2022 and the repayment of a portion of our term B loan with a portion of the net proceeds from the convertible senior notes issuance and all of the net proceeds from our common stock issuance in February 2017, we had total long-term debt of approximately $275.0 million (without giving effect to the equity component of the convertible senior notes or any debt discount). Our ability to make payments on our debt, fund our other liquidity needs, and make planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. Our historical financial results have been, and we anticipate that our future financial results will be, subject to fluctuations. Our ability to generate cash, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot guarantee that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from our operations or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to make payments of our debt, fund other liquidity needs and make planned capital expenditures.

The degree to which we are currently leveraged could have important consequences for shareholders. For example, it could:


▪	require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash from operations to the payment of debt service, reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisition and other general corporate purposes;


▪	increase our vulnerability to adverse economic or industry conditions;


▪	limit our ability to obtain additional financing in the future to enable us to react to changes in our business; or


▪	place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to businesses in our industry that have less debt.

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Additionally, any failure to comply with covenants in the instruments governing our debt could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, would have a material adverse effect on us.

Our borrowing costs may be impacted by our credit ratings developed by various rating agencies.

Two major ratings agencies, Standard & Poor's and Moody's, evaluate our credit profile on an ongoing basis and have each assigned ratings for our long-term debt. If our credit ratings were to decline, our ability to access certain financial markets may become limited, the perception of us in the view of our customers, suppliers and security holders may worsen and as a result, we may be adversely affected.

We have significant operating lease obligations and our failure to meet those obligations could adversely affect our financial condition.

We lease many of our manufacturing facilities and certain capital equipment. Our rental expense in 2016 under these operating leases was approximately $16.8 million . A failure to pay our rental obligations would constitute a default allowing the applicable landlord to pursue any remedy available to it under applicable law, which would include taking possession of our property and, in the case of real property, evicting us. These leases are categorized as operating leases and are not considered indebtedness for purposes of our debt instruments.

We may be subject to further unionization and work stoppages at our facilities or our customers may be subject to work stoppages, which could seriously impact the profitability of our business.

As of December 31, 2016 , approximately 46% of our work force was unionized under several different unions. We are not aware of any present active union organizing drives at any of our other facilities. We cannot predict the impact of any further unionization of our workplace.

Many of our direct or indirect customers have unionized work forces. Strikes, work stoppages or slowdowns experienced by these customers or their suppliers could result in slowdowns or closures of assembly plants where our products are included. In addition, organizations responsible for shipping our customers’ products may be impacted by occasional strikes or other activity. Any interruption in the delivery of our customers’ products could reduce demand for our products and could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our healthcare costs for active employees and future retirees may exceed our projections and may negatively affect our financial results.

We provide healthcare benefits for active employees through comprehensive hospital, surgical and major medical benefit provisions, all of which are subject to various cost-sharing features. If our costs under our benefit programs for active employees exceed our projections, our business and financial results could be materially adversely affected. Additionally, foreign competitors and many domestic competitors provide fewer benefits to their employees, and this difference in cost could adversely impact our competitive position.

A significant portion of our sales is derived from international sources, which exposes us to certain risks which may adversely affect our business and our financial results.

We have extensive operations outside of the United States. Approximately 34.0% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 were derived from sales by our subsidiaries located outside of the United States. In addition, we may significantly expand our international operations through internal growth and acquisitions. International operations, particularly sales to emerging markets and manufacturing in non-U.S. countries, are subject to risks which are not present within U.S. markets, which include, but are not limited to, the following:


▪	volatility of currency exchange between the U.S. dollar and currencies in international markets;


▪	changes in local government regulations and policies including, but not limited to, foreign currency exchange controls or monetary policy, governmental embargoes, repatriation of earnings, expropriation of property, duty or tariff restrictions, investment limitations and tax policies


▪	political and economic instability and disruptions, including labor unrest, civil strife, acts of war, guerrilla activities, insurrection and terrorism;


▪	legislation that regulates the use of chemicals;


▪	disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA");

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▪	compliance with international trade laws and regulations, including export control and economic sanctions, such as anti-dumping duties;


▪	difficulties in staffing and managing multi-national operations;


▪	limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies;


▪	tax inefficiencies in repatriating cash flow from non-U.S. subsidiaries that could affect our financial results and reduce our ability to service debt;


▪	reduced protection of intellectual property rights; and


▪	other risks arising out of foreign sovereignty over the areas where our operations are conducted.

We are also exposed to risks relating to U.S. policy with respect to companies doing business in foreign jurisdictions, particularly in light of the new U.S. presidential administration. Legislation or other changes in the U.S. tax laws could increase our U.S. income tax liability and adversely affect our after-tax profitability. For example, U.S. lawmakers are considering several U.S. corporate tax reform proposals, including, among others, proposals which could reduce or eliminate U.S. income tax deferrals on unrepatriated foreign earnings and eliminate tax incentives in exchange for a lower U.S. statutory tax rate. In addition, the new U.S. presidential administration has introduced greater uncertainty with respect to future tax, trade regulations and trade agreements. Changes in tax policy, trade regulations or trade agreements, such as the disallowance of tax deductions on imported merchandise or the imposition of new tariffs on imported products, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws as well as export controls and economic sanction laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.

Our reputation, ability to do business, and results of operations may be impaired by improper conduct by any of our employees, agents, or business partners.

While we strive to maintain high standards, we cannot provide assurance that our internal controls and compliance systems will always protect us from acts committed by our employees, agents, or business partners that would violate U.S. and/or non-U.S. laws or fail to protect our confidential information, including the laws governing payments to government officials, bribery, fraud, anti-kickback and false claims rules, competition, export and import compliance, money laundering, and data privacy laws, as well as the improper use of proprietary information or social media. Any such allegations, violations of law or improper actions could subject us to civil or criminal investigations in the United States and in other jurisdictions, could lead to substantial civil or criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties, and related shareholder lawsuits, could lead to increased costs of compliance, could damage our reputation and could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Our growth strategy includes acquisitions. If we are unable to identify attractive acquisition candidates, successfully integrate acquired operations or realize the intended benefits of our acquisitions, we may be adversely affected.

We may pursue strategic acquisition opportunities. Any acquisition will likely require integration expenses and actions that could negatively impact our results of operations, some of which we may not be able to fully anticipate beforehand. In addition, attractive acquisition candidates may not be identified and acquired in the future, financing for acquisitions may be unavailable on satisfactory terms and we may be unable to accomplish our strategic objectives in effecting a particular acquisition. We may encounter various risks in acquiring other companies, including the possible inability to integrate an acquired business into our operations, diversion of management’s attention and unanticipated problems or liabilities, some or all of which could materially and adversely affect our business strategy and financial condition and results of operations.

We may not realize the growth opportunities and cost synergies that are anticipated from the acquisition of the Westfalia Group.

We completed the acquisition of the Westfalia Group in October 2016. The benefits that are expected to result from the acquisition of Westfalia Group will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and cost synergies as a result of the acquisition. Our success in realizing these growth opportunities and cost synergies, and the timing of this realization, depends on the successful integration of the Westfalia Group. There is a significant degree of difficulty and management distraction inherent in the process of integrating an acquisition as sizable as the Westfalia Group. The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of, momentum in ours and the Westfalia Group's activities. Members of our senior management may be required to devote considerable amounts of time to this integration process, which will decrease the time they will have to manage our business, service existing customers, attract new customers, and develop new products or strategies. If senior management is not able to effectively manage the integration process, or if any significant business activities are interrupted as a result of the integration process, our business could suffer. There can be no assurance that we will successfully or cost-effectively

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integrate the Westfalia Group. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Even if we are able to integrate the Westfalia Group successfully, this integration may not result in the realization of the full benefits of the growth opportunities and cost synergies that we currently expect from this integration, and we cannot guarantee that these benefits will be achieved within anticipated time frames or at all. For example, we may not be able to eliminate duplicative costs. Moreover, we may incur substantial expenses in connection with the integration of the Westfalia Group. While it is anticipated that certain expenses will be incurred to achieve cost synergies, such expenses are difficult to estimate accurately, and may exceed current estimates. Accordingly, the benefits from the acquisition may be offset by costs incurred to, or delays in, integrating the businesses.

Our acquisition agreements by which we have acquired companies include indemnification provisions that may not fully protect us and may result in unexpected liabilities.

Certain of the agreements related to the acquisition of businesses require indemnification against certain liabilities related to the operations of the company for the previous owner. We cannot be assured that any of these indemnification provisions will fully protect us, and as a result we may incur unexpected liabilities that adversely affect our profitability and financial position.

Increased information technology security threats and more sophisticated and targeted computer crime could pose a risk to our systems, networks, and products.

Increased global information technology security threats and more sophisticated and targeted computer crime pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and communications. While we attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, monitoring of our networks and systems, and maintenance of backup and protective systems, our systems, networks and products remain potentially vulnerable to advanced persistent threats. Depending on their nature and scope, such threats could potentially lead to the compromising of confidential information and communications, improper use of our systems and networks, manipulation and destruction of data, defective products, production downtimes and operational disruptions, which in turn could adversely affect our reputation, customer relationships, competitiveness and results of operations. We may be required to incur significant costs to remedy damages caused by these disruptions or security breaches or to protect against disruption or security breaches in the future.

A major failure of our information systems could harm our business.

We depend on integrated information systems to conduct our business. We may experience operating problems with our information systems as a result of system failures, viruses, computer hackers or other causes. Any significant disruption or slowdown of our systems could cause customers to cancel orders or cause standard business processes to become inefficient or ineffective.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as our convertible senior notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results.

Under Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options , which we refer to as ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as our convertible senior notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for our convertible senior notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheet and the value of the equity component would be treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of our convertible senior notes. As a result, we will be required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense in current periods presented as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of our convertible senior notes to their face amount over the term of the convertible senior notes. We will report lower net income in our financial statements because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include both the current period’s amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s coupon interest, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results, the trading price of our common stock and the trading price of the convertible senior notes.

In addition, under certain circumstances, convertible debt instruments (such as our convertible senior notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash are currently accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of our convertible senior notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of our convertible senior notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted earnings per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of our convertible senior notes, then our diluted earnings per share would be adversely affected.

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Risks Relating to the Spin-off

Our historical consolidated financial information is not necessarily indicative of our future financial condition, results of operations or cash flows nor do they reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been as an independent public company during the periods presented.

Some of the historical consolidated financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been as an independent public company during all periods presented and is not necessarily indicative of our future financial condition, future results of operations or future cash flows. This is primarily a result of the following factors:


▪	these historical consolidated financial results include allocations of expenses for services historically provided by TriMas, and those allocations may be significantly lower than the comparable expenses we would have incurred as an independent company;


▪	our working capital requirements and capital expenditures historically have been satisfied as a part of TriMas' corporate-wide capital allocation and cash management programs; as a result, our debt structure and cost of debt and other capital may be significantly different from that reflected in our historical consolidated financial statements;


▪	the historical consolidated financial information may not fully reflect the increased costs associated with being an independent public company, including significant changes that have occurred in our cost structure, management, financing arrangements and business operations as a result of our spin-off from TriMas; and


▪	the historical consolidated financial information may not fully reflect the effects of certain liabilities that will be incurred or have been assumed by us and may not fully reflect the effects of certain assets and liabilities that have been retained by TriMas.

We remain subject to continuing contingent liabilities of TriMas following the spin-off.

There are several significant areas where the liabilities of TriMas may yet become our obligations. The separation and distribution agreement and employee matters agreement generally provide that we are responsible for substantially all liabilities that relate to our Horizon Americas and Horizon Asia‑Pacific business activities, whether incurred prior to or after the spin-off, as well as those liabilities of TriMas specifically assumed by us. In addition, under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") and the related rules and regulations, each corporation that was a member of the TriMas consolidated tax reporting group during any taxable period or portion of any taxable period ending on or before the completion of the spin-off is jointly and severally liable for the federal income tax liability of the entire TriMas consolidated tax reporting group for that taxable period. In connection with the spin-off, we entered into a tax sharing agreement with TriMas that allocated the responsibility for prior period taxes of the TriMas consolidated tax reporting group between us and TriMas. However, if TriMas is unable to pay any prior period taxes for which it is responsible, we could be required to pay the entire amount of such taxes. Other provisions of federal law establish similar liability for other matters, including laws governing tax-qualified pension plans as well as other contingent liabilities.

Potential liabilities associated with certain assumed obligations under the tax sharing agreement cannot be precisely quantified at this time.

Under the tax sharing agreement with TriMas, we are responsible generally for certain taxes paid after the spin-off attributable to us or any of our subsidiaries, whether accruing before, on or after the spin-off. We have also agreed to be responsible for, and to indemnify TriMas with respect to, all taxes arising as a result of the spin-off (or certain internal restructuring transactions) failing to qualify as transactions under Sections 368(a) and 355 of the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes (which could result, for example, from a merger or other transaction involving an acquisition of our shares) to the extent such tax liability arises as a result of any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or other obligation by us or certain affiliates made in connection with the issuance of the tax opinion relating to the spin-off or in the tax sharing agreement. As described above, such tax liability would be calculated as though TriMas (or its affiliate) had sold its shares of common stock of our company in a taxable sale for their fair market value, and TriMas (or its affiliate) would recognize taxable gain in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of such shares over its tax basis in such shares. That tax liability could have a material adverse effect on our company.

We may not be able to engage in desirable strategic or equity raising transactions following the spin-off. In addition, under some circumstances, we could be liable for any adverse tax consequences resulting from engaging in significant strategic or capital raising transactions.

Even if the spin-off otherwise qualifies as a tax-free distribution under Section 355 of the Code, the spin-off may result in significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities to TriMas under applicable provisions of the Code if 50% or more of TriMas’ shares or our shares (in each case, by vote or value) are treated as having been acquired, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons (other than the acquisition of our common stock by TriMas stockholders in the spin-off) as part of a plan (or series of related transactions)

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that includes the spin-off. Under those provisions, any acquisitions of TriMas shares or our shares (or similar acquisitions), or any understanding, arrangement or substantial negotiations regarding an acquisition of TriMas shares or our shares (or similar acquisitions), within two years before or after the spin-off are subject to special scrutiny. The process for determining whether an acquisition triggering those provisions has occurred is complex, inherently factual and subject to interpretation of the facts and circumstances of a particular case. If a direct or indirect acquisition of TriMas shares or our shares resulted in a change in control as contemplated by those provisions, TriMas (but not its stockholders) would recognize a taxable gain. Under the tax sharing agreement, there are restrictions on our ability to take actions that could cause the separation to fail to qualify as a tax-free distribution, and we will be required to indemnify TriMas against any such tax liabilities attributable to actions taken by or with respect to us or any of our affiliates, or any person that, after the spin-off, is an affiliate thereof. We may be similarly liable if we breach certain other representations or covenants set forth in the tax sharing agreement. As a result of the foregoing, we may be unable to engage in certain strategic or capital raising transactions that our stockholders might consider favorable, including use of Horizon common stock to make acquisitions and equity capital market transactions, or to structure potential transactions in the manner most favorable to us, without adverse tax consequences, if at all.

Potential indemnification liabilities to TriMas pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We entered into a separation and distribution agreement with TriMas that provides for, among other things, the principal corporate transactions required to affect the spin-off, certain conditions to the spin-off and provisions governing the relationship between our company and TriMas with respect to and resulting from the spin-off. Among other things, the separation and distribution agreement provides for indemnification obligations designed to make us financially responsible for substantially all liabilities that may exist relating to our Cequent business activities, whether incurred prior to or after the spin-off, as well as those obligations of TriMas assumed by us pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement. If we are required to indemnify TriMas under the circumstances set forth in the separation and distribution agreement, we may be subject to substantial liabilities.

In connection with our separation from TriMas, TriMas will indemnify us for certain liabilities. However, there can be no assurance that the indemnity will be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of such liabilities, or that TriMas' ability to satisfy its indemnification obligations will not be impaired in the future.

Pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement, TriMas agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities. However, third parties could seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that TriMas has agreed to retain, and there can be no assurance that the indemnity from TriMas will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities, or that TriMas will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from TriMas any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these liabilities ourselves. If TriMas is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations, the underlying liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Further, TriMas’ insurers may deny coverage to us for liabilities associated with occurrences prior to the spin-off. Even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from such insurance providers, we may be required to temporarily bear such loss of coverage.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price may be subject to significant volatility due to our own results or market trends.

If our revenue, earnings or cash flows in any quarter fail to meet the investment community's expectations, there could be an immediate negative impact on our stock price. Our stock price could also be impacted by broader market trends and world events unrelated to our performance.

Our recent issuance of convertible senior notes, or the issuance of any additional shares of our common stock or instruments convertible into shares of our common stock, could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

In February 2017, we issued $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes. The convertible senior notes may be settled in cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at our option. In the future, we may issued additional shares of our common stock or other instruments convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, shares of our common stock. The recent convertible senior notes issuance, and any future issuance of shares of our common stock or instruments convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable into, shares of our common stock, may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

In particular, a substantial number of shares of our common stock is reserved for issuance upon conversion of the convertible senior notes upon exercise and settlement or termination of the warrant transactions that we entered into in connection with the convertible senior notes offering, and upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock awards and deferred restricted stock units to our employees. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on

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the market price for our common stock. The issuance and sale of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities. In addition, the market price of our common stock could also be affected by possible sales of our common stock by investors who view our convertible senior notes as a more attractive means of equity participation in us and by hedging or arbitrage trading activity that we expect to develop involving our convertible senior notes and our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or our “certificate of incorporation,” and Amended and Restated Bylaws, or our “bylaws,” as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt that stockholders may consider favorable.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provisions, as amended and restated, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging a prospective acquiror from making a tender offer for our common stock or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. These provisions, among other things, establish that our board of directors fixes the number of members of the board, divide the board of directors into three classes with staggered terms and establish advance notice requirements for nomination of candidates for election to the board or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings. To the extent that these provisions discourage takeover attempts, they could deprive stockholders of opportunities to realize takeover premiums for their shares of common stock. Moreover, these provisions could discourage accumulations of large blocks of our common stock, thus depriving stockholders of any advantages that large accumulations of common stock might provide.

As a Delaware corporation, we will also be subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Section 203 prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our voting stock from engaging in certain business combinations unless the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder was approved in advance by our board of directors, results in the stockholder holding more than 85% of our voting stock, subject to certain restrictions, or is approved at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the holders of at least 66 ^2/3 % of our voting stock not held by the stockholder engaging in the transaction.

Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

We may issue preferred stock with terms that could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designation, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors generally may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock. For example, we could grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we could assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of our common stock.

We are an "emerging growth company" and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"). For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company we may choose to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to emerging growth companies, which includes, among other things:


▪	exemption from the auditor attestation requirements under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;


▪	reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements;


▪	exemption from the requirements of holding non-binding stockholder votes on executive compensation arrangements; and


▪	exemption from any rules requiring mandatory audit firm rotation and auditor discussion and analysis and, unless the SEC otherwise determines, any future audit rules that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

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We could be an emerging growth company until the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the consummation of the spin-off, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have annual gross revenue of $1 billion or more, (ii) the date on which we have, during the previous three year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt or (iii) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the federal securities laws. We will qualify as a large accelerated filer as of the first day of the first fiscal year after we have (i) more than $700 million in outstanding common equity held by our non-affiliates and (ii) been public for at least 12 months. The value of our outstanding common equity will be measured each year on the last day of our second fiscal quarter.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies are also permitted to elect to delay adoption of new or revised accounting standards until companies that are not subject to periodic reporting obligations are required to comply, if such accounting standards apply to non-reporting companies. We have made an irrevocable decision to opt out of this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

As of December 31, 2016 , our operations were conducted through 64 facilities in 21 countries. All of our principal manufacturing facilities are leased. The leases for our manufacturing facilities have initial terms that expire from 2017 through 2041 and are all renewable, at our option, for various terms, provided that we are not in default under the lease agreements. Our corporate headquarters are located in Troy, Michigan under a lease through November 2027. We believe that substantially all of our properties are in generally good condition and there is sufficient capacity to meet current and projected manufacturing, product development and logistics requirements.

The following list identifies, by reportable segment, the location of our principal manufacturing and other facilities as of December 31, 2016 :



Horizon Americas	Horizon Asia‑Pacific	Horizon Europe‑Africa
United States: Indiana: South Bend Iowa: Fairfield Michigan: Plymouth Ohio: Solon Texas: Dallas McAllen International: Brazil: Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo Canada: Mississauga, Ontario Mexico: Reynosa	International: Australia: Keysborough,Victoria New Zealand: Manukau City Thailand: Chon Buri	International: Germany: Hartha Rheda-Wiedenbruck France: Luneray Romania: Brasov South Africa: Pretoria Springs United Kingdom: Deeside

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business, but we do not believe that any such claim or litigation is likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations or cash flows.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Supplementary Item. Executive Officers of the Company

All executive officers have been employed by us in their current roles since the spin-off. The executive officers of Horizon as of December 31, 2016 are as follows:

A. Mark Zeffiro . Mr. Zeffiro was appointed as co-chair of our Board on June 29, 2015, and was named our president and chief executive officer on June 30, 2015. Mr. Zeffiro has served as president and a director of Horizon since our incorporation on January 14, 2015. Mr. Zeffiro previously served as group president of Cequent, which was comprised of TriMas' Cequent Americas and Cequent APEA reporting segments specializing in towing, trailering and cargo management products (“Cequent”), beginning in January 2015. Mr. Zeffiro served as chief financial officer of TriMas from June 2008 to January 2015 and executive vice president of TriMas from May 2013 until January 2015. Prior to joining TriMas, Mr. Zeffiro held various financial management and business positions with General Electric Company, or GE, a diversified technology and financial services company, and Black and Decker Corporation, or Black & Decker, a global manufacturer of quality power tools and accessories, hardware, home improvement products and fastening systems. From 2004 through 2008, during Mr. Zeffiro’s four-year tenure with Black & Decker, he was vice president of finance for the global consumer product group and Latin America. In addition, Mr. Zeffiro was directly responsible for and functioned as general manager of Black & Decker’s factory store business unit. From 2003 to 2004, Mr. Zeffiro was chief financial officer of First Quality Enterprises, a private company producing consumer products for the health care market. From 1988 through 2002, he held a series of operational and financial leadership positions with GE, the most recent of which was chief financial officer of its medical imaging manufacturing division. In April 2015, Mr. Zeffiro was appointed to the board of directors of Atkore International Group, Inc., a manufacturer of electrical raceway solutions. Mr. Zeffiro also serves on the board of directors of the Detroit Institute of Arts, where he chairs the finance committee, and the board of trustees of Walsh College, where he sits on the academic committee. Mr. Zeffiro's position as president and chief executive officer of Horizon provides him the ability to offer the Board firsthand insight into the operations and strategic vision of the Company. Mr. Zeffiro has extensive knowledge and subject matter expertise in strategic planning, business management, mergers and acquisitions and financial accounting.

David Rice. Mr. Rice was named our chief financial officer on June 30, 2015 in connection with the spin-off from TriMas. From January 14, 2015 through June 29, 2015, Mr. Rice served as vice president and a director of Horizon. Mr. Rice was previously division finance officer for TriMas’ subsidiary Cequent Performance Products, Inc. beginning in 2011. Prior to his appointment in 2011, Mr. Rice held various positions within TriMas, including group controller from 2005 to 2009 and vice president of corporate audit from 2009 to 2011. Before joining TriMas in 2005, Mr. Rice held divisional controller positions with GKN Sinter Metals, a leading supplier of powdered metal precision components, from 2004 to 2005, and Mueller Industries, Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of copper, brass, aluminum and plastic fittings, valves and related tubular flow control and industrial products, from 1998 to 2004. Mr. Rice held positions of increasing financial leadership at The Woodbridge Group from 1994 to 1998, a company offering urethane and bead foam technologies to the automotive and commercial vehicle industries and other business sectors. Mr. Rice began his career in public accounting with Coopers and Lybrand and brings over 30 years of accounting and financial leadership, mergers and acquisitions and management of international operations experience.

Jay Goldbaum. Mr. Goldbaum was named our legal director, chief compliance officer and corporate secretary on June 30, 2015 in connection with the spin-off from TriMas. From January 14, 2015 through June 29, 2015, Mr. Goldbaum served as vice president, corporate secretary and a director of Horizon. Mr. Goldbaum was previously associate general counsel-commercial law for TriMas beginning in January 2014. Mr. Goldbaum joined TriMas in January 2012 and held the position of legal counsel. Before joining TriMas, Mr. Goldbaum was an associate in the corporate and litigation practice groups at the law firm of Jaffe, Raitt, Heuer & Weiss, P.C. from September 2007 to August 2011. Mr. Goldbaum also held the position of chief operating officer at Teal Media, an internet design and communications company, from August 2011 to October 2011.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, is listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol "HZN." As of March 7, 2017 , there were 277 holders of record of our common stock.

The high and low sales prices per share of our common stock by quarter, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange through December 31, 2016 , are shown below:



	Price range of common stock
	High Price		Low Price
Year ended December 31, 2016
1st Quarter	$	12.80	$	8.06
2nd Quarter	$	13.10	$	10.60
3rd Quarter	$	20.97	$	10.84
4th Quarter	$	25.36	$	19.20
Year ended December 31, 2015
2nd Quarter	$	16.25	$	15.05
3rd Quarter	$	15.75	$	8.59
4th Quarter	$	11.00	$	8.04

Horizon does not intend to declare and pay any dividends on its common stock for the foreseeable future. The Company currently intends to invest its future earnings, if any, to fund its growth, to develop its business, for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes. Any payment of dividends will be at the discretion of Horizon's board of directors and will depend upon various factors then existing, including earnings, financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, contractual restrictions with respect to payment of dividends, restrictions imposed by applicable law, general business conditions and other factors that Horizon's board of directors may deem relevant.

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Performance Graph

The following graph provides a comparison of the cumulative shareholder return on the Company's common stock to the returns of the Russell 2000 Index and the average performance of the Company's selected peer group ⁽¹⁾ based on total shareholder return from July 1, 2015 (the first day our common stock began regular-way trading on the NYSE) through December 31, 2016 . We have assumed that dividends have been reinvested and returns have been weighted-averaged based on market capitalization. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on July 1, 2015 in each of Horizon's common stock, the stocks comprising the Russell 2000 Index and the stocks comprising the peer group.

______________

⁽¹⁾ Includes Ametek Inc., Dorman Products Inc., Douglas Dynamics, Inc., Drew Industries Incorporated, Federal Signal Corporation, Fox Factory Holding Corp., Gentex Corporation, Gentherm Incorporated, Manitex International Inc., Motorcar Parts of America, Inc., Shiloh Industries, Inc., Spartan Motors, Inc., Standard Motor Products, Inc., Stoneridge, Inc., Strattec Security Corporation, Superior Industries International, Inc., Supreme Industries, Inc., Wabash National Corporation and WABCO Holdings Inc.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The consolidated financial statements for periods prior to the spin-off include the historical results of operations, assets and liabilities of the legal entities that are considered to comprise Horizon. Our historical results of operations, financial position, and cash flows presented in the consolidated financial statements for periods prior to the separation may not be indicative of what they would have been had we actually been a separate stand-alone public entity during such periods, nor are they necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

The following data should be read in conjunction with Item 7, " Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, " and our audited financial statements included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015		2014		2013
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Income Data:
Net sales	$	649,200		$	575,510	$	611,780	$	588,270
Gross profit	160,350			143,040		148,090		125,010
Operating profit	6,300			19,570		24,460		5,670
Net income (loss)	(12,660		)	8,300		15,350		9,780
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	(300		)	—		—		—
Net income (loss) attributable to Horizon Global	(12,360		)	8,300		15,350		9,780
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Horizon Global:
Basic	$	(0.66	)	$	0.46	$	0.85	$	0.54
Diluted	$	(0.66	)	$	0.46	$	0.85	$	0.54
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	18,775,500			18,064,491		18,062,027		18,062,027
Diluted	18,775,500			18,160,852		18,113,416		18,098,645



	As of December 31,
	2016		2015		2014		2013
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets	$	613,370	$	331,580	$	339,500	$	360,680
Current maturities, long-term debt	22,900		10,130		460		1,300
Long-term debt	327,040		178,610		300		670

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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition contains forward-looking statements regarding industry outlook and our expectations regarding the performance of our business. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described under the heading "Forward-Looking Statements," at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

The financial information discussed below and included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for periods prior to the separation may not necessarily reflect what Horizon's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had Horizon been a stand-alone public entity during this period or what Horizon's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future. You should read the following discussion together with Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Critical factors affecting our ability to succeed include: our ability to realize the expected economic benefits of structural realignment of manufacturing facilities and business units; our ability to quickly and cost-effectively introduce new products; our ability to acquire and integrate companies or products that supplement existing product lines, add new distribution channels and expand our geographic coverage; our ability to manage our cost structure more efficiently via supply base management, internal sourcing and/or purchasing of materials, selective outsourcing and/or purchasing of support functions, working capital management, and leverage of our administrative functions. If we are unable to do any of the foregoing successfully, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.

We report shipping and handling expenses associated with our Horizon Americas reportable segment's distribution network as an element of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income (loss). As such, gross margins for the Horizon Americas reportable segment may not be comparable to those of our Horizon Asia‑Pacific and Horizon Europe‑Africa segments, which primarily rely on third-party distributors, for which all costs are included in cost of sales.

The acquisition of the Westfalia Group, a European leader in towing products, addressed a geographic gap in our global footprint by strengthening our presence in the European market. The Westfalia Group is included in the results of operations and consolidated financial statements beginning October 1, 2016.

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Segment Information and Supplemental Analysis

The following table summarizes financial information for our three reportable segments:



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			As a Percentage of Net Sales		2015			As a Percentage of Net Sales		2014			As a Percentage of Net Sales
	(dollars in thousands)
Net Sales
Horizon Americas	$	443,240		68.3	%	$	429,310		74.6	%	$	446,670		73.0	%
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	101,880			15.7	%	95,270			16.6	%	110,970			18.1	%
Horizon Europe‑Africa	104,080			16.0	%	50,930			8.8	%	54,140			8.8	%
Total	$	649,200		100.0	%	$	575,510		100.0	%	$	611,780		100.0	%
Gross Profit
Horizon Americas	$	131,320		29.6	%	$	116,290		27.1	%	$	116,710		26.1	%
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	22,470			22.1	%	19,100			20.0	%	23,660			21.3	%
Horizon Europe‑Africa	6,560			6.3	%	7,650			15.0	%	7,720			14.3	%
Total	$	160,350		24.7	%	$	143,040		24.9	%	$	148,090		24.2	%
Selling, General and Administrative
Horizon Americas	$	86,470		19.5	%	$	84,190		19.6	%	$	85,190		19.1	%
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	11,210			11.0	%	11,420			12.0	%	15,010			13.5	%
Horizon Europe‑Africa	17,180			16.5	%	7,460			14.6	%	8,690			16.1	%
Corporate	30,290			N/A		18,280			N/A		14,000			N/A
Total	$	145,150		22.4	%	$	121,350		21.1	%	$	122,890		20.1	%
Net Gain/(Loss) on Disposition of Property and Equipment
Horizon Americas	$	(230	)	(0.1	)%	$	(1,800	)	(0.4	)%	$	(710	)	(0.2	)%
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	(30		)	—	%	(30		)	—	%	10			—	%
Horizon Europe‑Africa	(280		)	(0.3	)%	(290		)	(0.6	)%	(40		)	(0.1	)%
Corporate	—			N/A		—			N/A		—			N/A
Total	$	(540	)	(0.1	)%	$	(2,120	)	(0.4	)%	$	(740	)	(0.1	)%
Operating Profit (Loss)
Horizon Americas	$	38,680		8.7	%	$	30,300		7.1	%	$	30,810		6.9	%
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	11,230			11.0	%	7,650			8.0	%	8,970			8.1	%
Horizon Europe‑Africa	(13,320		)	(12.8	)%	(100		)	(0.2	)%	(1,320		)	(2.4	)%
Corporate	(30,290		)	N/A		(18,280		)	N/A		(14,000		)	N/A
Total	$	6,300		1.0	%	$	19,570		3.4	%	$	24,460		4.0	%
Capital Expenditures
Horizon Americas	$	5,550		1.3	%	$	5,970		1.4	%	$	4,530		1.0	%
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	3,310			3.2	%	1,360			1.4	%	4,480			4.0	%
Horizon Europe‑Africa	4,670			4.5	%	690			1.4	%	2,430			4.5	%
Corporate	1,010			N/A		300			N/A		—			N/A
Total	$	14,540		2.2	%	$	8,320		1.4	%	$	11,440		1.9	%
Depreciation and Amortization
Horizon Americas	$	10,750		2.4	%	$	10,750		2.5	%	$	11,410		2.6	%
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	4,090			4.0	%	4,130			4.3	%	4,830			4.4	%
Horizon Europe‑Africa	3,290			3.2	%	2,070			4.1	%	2,690			5.0	%
Corporate	90			N/A		130			N/A		—			N/A
Total	$	18,220		2.8	%	$	17,080		3.0	%	$	18,930		3.1	%

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Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2015

The principal factors impacting us during the year ended December 31, 2016 , compared with the year ended December 31, 2015 were:


▪	the impacts of the Westfalia Group acquisition;


▪	global sales growth with our automotive OE customers driven by both new program awards and growth within existing programs; and


▪	the realization of previously implemented cost savings and productivity initiatives.

Overall, net sales increased approximately $73.7 million , or approximately 12.8% , to $649.2 million in 2016 , as compared to $575.5 million in 2015 . During the year ended December 31, 2016 , net sales increased in all of our reportable segments. Net sales within our Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segment increased $53.2 million driven by our fourth quarter 2016 acquisition of the Westfalia Group, which added net sales of $54.5 million to Horizon Europe-Africa's results in 2016. Growth in Horizon Europe-Africa's automotive OE channel in the legacy businesses in Germany and South Africa were more than offset by declines in legacy businesses elsewhere in Europe and unfavorable currency exchange. Net sales within our Horizon Americas reportable segment were up $13.9 million driven by increases in the automotive OE, e-commerce, and retail channels, which were partially offset by a decline within the aftermarket and industrial channels. Net sales within our Horizon Asia‑Pacific reportable segment increased by $6.6 million primarily due to increases in the automotive OE channel, which were partially offset by unfavorable currency exchange.

Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of net sales) approximated 24.7% and 24.9% in 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The overall decrease in gross profit margin primarily relates to our Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segment, which was negatively impacted by purchase accounting, as well as higher commodity prices, product input costs, and unfavorable currency exchange. The decreases in gross profit margin were partially offset by higher sales volumes in both of our Horizon Americas and Horizon Asia‑Pacific reportable segments. Additionally, margin improvement in our Horizon Americas ' reportable segment and cost savings and productivity initiatives in our Horizon Asia‑Pacific reportable segment partially offset the decline in the gross profit margin.

Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of net sales) approximated 1.0% and 3.4% in 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Operating profit decreased $13.3 million , or 67.8% , to $6.3 million in 2016 as compared to $19.6 million in 2015 , primarily as a result of the impact of purchase accounting and transaction related expenses within the Horizon Europe-Africa reportable segment. Operating profit margin was also negatively impacted by $6.8 million of incremental expenses related to the impairment of intangible assets and the disposal of property and equipment compared to 2015 in our Horizon Americas and Horizon Europe-Africa reportable segments. Partially offsetting these decreases were favorable product mix and lower input costs in our Horizon Americas reportable segment and cost and productivity initiatives in our Horizon Asia‑Pacific reportable segment.

Interest expense increased approximately $11.3 million , to $20.1 million in 2016 , as compared to $8.8 million in 2015 . As we became a public company, we incurred debt in the form of a Term B Loan (as defined below) and ABL Facility (as defined below). The increase in expense in 2016 is partially due to these instruments being outstanding for twelve months compared to only six months in 2015. We also incurred additional debt in the form of the Incremental Term B Loan (as defined below) that was extended to us in the fourth quarter of 2016 in connection with the acquisition of the Westfalia Group.

Other expense, net decreased approximately $1.1 million to $2.6 million in 2016 , from $3.7 million in 2015 , primarily driven by lower foreign currency transaction losses as the U.S. dollar stabilized in relation to the foreign currencies in which we operate.

The effective income tax rate for 2016 was 22.8% , compared to (18.2)% for 2015 . The higher effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 is primarily driven by incurring non-deductible transaction costs related to the Westfalia Group acquisition, which were partially offset by the recognition of income tax benefits associated with the release of certain unrecognized tax positions. The lower tax rate in 2015 was due to the recognition of a $3.3 million tax benefit due to the release of an unrecognized tax contingency due to the expiration of the statute of limitations, which was offset by $2.9 million of tax charges for spin-off related transaction costs. Additionally, the overall effective tax rate for 2015 was reduced by the recognition of benefits associated with losses in certain jurisdictions with higher statutory tax rates.

Net income decreased approximately $21.0 million to a net loss of $12.7 million in 2016 , from net income of $8.3 million in 2015 . The decrease was primarily the result of a $13.3 million decrease in operating profit, a $11.3 million increase in interest expense, partially offset by a $1.1 million decrease in other expenses, net and by a $2.5 million increase in income tax benefit.

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See below for a discussion of operating results by reportable segment.

Horizon Americas . Net sales increased approximately $13.9 million , or 3.2% , to $443.2 million in 2016 , as compared to $429.3 million in 2015 . Net sales in our automotive OE channel increased approximately $14.8 million , primarily driven by new programs and continued growth with global automotive manufacturers. E-commerce increased by approximately $7.6 million , due to increased consumer promotional activity and increased demand from automotive Internet retailers. Net sales in our retail channel increased approximately $0.8 million , driven by growth with our mass merchant and automotive retail customers in our towing, trailering, and broom and brush categories. These increases were partially offset by decreases within our aftermarket and industrial channels. Net sales in our aftermarket channel decreased approximately $4.6 million due to a consumer shift towards the e-commerce channel, lower sales to smaller regional warehouse distributor customers, and macroeconomic conditions in the Brazilian market, which more than offset sales increases to our national warehouse distributor customers. Net sales in our industrial channel decreased approximately $4.0 million , primarily due to lower demand from our OE and warehouse distributor customers servicing energy and agricultural end markets. The remainder of the change in net sales was primarily due to unfavorable currency exchange as the Brazilian real weakened in relation to the U.S. dollar.

Horizon Americas ' gross profit increased approximately $15.0 million to $131.3 million , or 29.6% of sales, in 2016 , from approximately $116.3 million , or 27.1% of sales, in 2015 , due to margin improvement and higher sales levels. Gross profit margin was positively impacted due to a favorable product sales mix within our automotive OE channel, as sales of our higher margin brake controllers and heavy duty towing products increased year-over-year. Further improving gross profit margin in 2016 were favorable commodity prices, lower labor input costs in our Mexican facilities as a result of a strengthened U.S. dollar in relation to the Mexican peso, and lower freight costs as we benefited from efforts to localize supply chain near our manufacturing facility.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $2.3 million to $86.5 million , or 19.5% of sales, in 2016 , as compared to $84.2 million , or 19.6% of sales, in 2015 . Selling, general and administrative costs increased due to approximately $3.1 million in higher people costs primarily related to marketing and product design in support of growth initiatives within our e-commerce and retail channels, as well as $1.0 million in increased health insurance costs and $0.6 million related to the implementation of a new ERP system. These increases were partially offset by approximately $2.4 million of lower costs associated with combining our Cequent Consumer Products and Cequent Performance Products businesses.

Horizon Americas ' operating profit increased approximately $8.4 million to $38.7 million , or 8.7% of sales, in 2016 , from $30.3 million , or 7.1% of net sales, in 2015 . Operating profit increased primarily due to favorable product sales mix and lower manufacturing input costs. These effects were partially offset by $4.4 million incremental expense related to the impairment of intangible assets and the disposal of property and equipment compared to 2015.

Horizon Asia-Pacific. Net sales increased approximately $6.6 million , or 6.9% , to $101.9 million in 2016 , as compared to $95.3 million in 2015 . Net sales were negatively impacted by approximately $0.8 million of unfavorable currency exchange. Net sales increased approximately $6.3 million in Australia, driven by increased volume and new program awards with existing OE customers, which outpaced weaker demand in Western Australia due to declining macroeconomic conditions. The remainder of the net sales increase is due to new program awards with OE customers in our New Zealand and Thailand businesses which more than offset the loss of an existing OE contract in Thailand.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific 's gross profit increased approximately $3.4 million to $22.5 million , or 22.1% of net sales in 2016 , from approximately $19.1 million , or 20.0% of net sales, in 2015 . The improvement in gross profit year-over-year was driven by the higher sales volumes, cost savings and productivity initiatives in our Australia business. This improvement was partially offset by a large OEM recovery in Thailand during 2015 that did not reoccur in 2016.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific 's selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.2 million to $11.2 million , or 11.0% of net sales in 2016 , as compared to $11.4 million , or 12.0% of net sales, in 2015 . Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by approximately $0.5 million due to lower costs associated with promotional activities compared to 2015, which was partially offset by an increase of $0.3 million in people costs primarily resulting from increased sales levels.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific 's operating profit increased approximately $3.5 million to $11.2 million , or 11.0% of net sales, in 2016 , from $7.7 million , or 8.0% of net sales in 2015 , primarily due to higher sales volumes and cost savings and productivity initiatives in our Australia business.

Horizon Europe-Africa. Net sales increased approximately $53.2 million , or 104.4% , to $104.1 million in 2016 , as compared to $50.9 million in 2015 . Approximately $54.5 million of the increase is attributable to the Westfalia Group acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2016. Net sales increased approximately $4.5 million in our legacy Germany and South Africa businesses driven by increased volume on existing programs and new program awards with existing automotive OE customers. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $0.8 million in the United Kingdom as a result of a strategic decision to discontinue a distribution partnership and a decrease of approximately $1.2 million in Finland due to weak economic conditions. Net sales were further negatively impacted by approximately $3.9 million of unfavorable currency exchange.

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Horizon Europe‑Africa 's gross profit decreased approximately $1.1 million to $6.6 million , or 6.3% of net sales in 2016 , from approximately $7.7 million , or 15.0% of net sales, in 2015 . Gross profit was negatively impacted by approximately $0.6 million of unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Gross profit margin also decreased by $0.5 million in South Africa and the United Kingdom due to higher commodity prices and product input costs. Gross profit was marginally impacted by the Westfalia Group, as the net sales attributable to the Westfalia Group were offset by its cost of sales, which included approximately $6.7 million of amortization expense related to the fair value step-up of inventory as a result of purchase accounting.

Horizon Europe‑Africa 's selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $9.7 million to $17.2 million , or 16.5% of net sales in 2016 , as compared to $7.5 million , or 14.6% of net sales in 2015 . Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $9.6 million attributable to the results of the Westfalia Group, which included approximately $1.4 million in transaction-related expenditures including professional fees and severance. Increased costs associated with establishing a management structure in the region were partially offset by approximately $0.7 million of favorable foreign currency exchange.

Horizon Europe‑Africa 's operating loss increased approximately $13.2 million to $13.3 million , or 12.8% of net sales, in 2016 , from an operating loss of $0.1 million , or 0.2% of net sales in 2015 , primarily due to losses of approximately $9.6 million realized in the Westfalia Group resulting from the impacts of purchase accounting and transaction related expenditures. The operating loss was further increased by $2.3 million due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Impairment charges of approximately $2.4 million in 2016 more than offset the impacts of higher sales volumes in our legacy Germany and South Africa businesses as discussed above, as well as plant closure costs in Finland in 2015 that did not recur in 2016.

Corporate Expenses. Corporate expenses increased approximately $12.1 million to $30.3 million in 2016 , as compared to $18.3 million in 2015 . Corporate expenses increased approximately $9.4 million due to expenses related to the acquisition of Westfalia Group. The remaining increase is primarily related to the costs of operating as a standalone public company for a full year, versus only six months in 2015. For the first six months of 2015 , the consolidated financial statements include expense allocations, related to the spin-off, for certain functions provided by our former parent; however, the allocations may not be comparable to the corporate expenses we incurred as a stand-alone company. Corporate expenses included in operating profit in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include amounts that were allocated to us on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of revenue or headcount.

Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2014

The principal factors impacting us during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with the year ended December 31, 2014 were:


▪	the impact of foreign currency, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were overall negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to certain foreign currencies, particularly in our Horizon Asia‑Pacific and Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segments;


▪	our announcement of plans to close our manufacturing facility in Ciudad Juarez along with its distribution warehouse in El Paso, Texas;


▪	market dynamics surrounding the consolidation activities of our distribution customers; and


▪	development of our corporate cost structure as an independent public company.

Overall, net sales decreased approximately $36.3 million , or approximately 5.9% , to $575.5 million in 2015 , as compared to $611.8 million in 2014 . During 2015 , net sales decreased in all of our reportable segments. Net sales within our Horizon Americas reportable segment were down approximately $20.0 millio n due to the consolidation of distribution centers of aftermarket channel customers, lower demand from energy and agricultural end market customers within the industrial channel and unfavorable currency exchange. Further, net sales within our Horizon Asia‑Pacific and Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segments decreased by approximately $16.1 million and $7.4 million , respectively, due to unfavorable currency exchange and by approximately $1.3 million due to the loss of an existing OE customer program within our Horizon Asia‑Pacific reportable segment. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in net sales of $7.2 million primarily due to increases in Horizon Americas' retail channel and increased OE customer demand and program awards in our South Africa business within the Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segment.

Gross profit margin approximated 24.9% and 24.2% in 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The overall increase in gross profit margin relates primarily to lower product and labor input costs and operational efficiencies in our Horizon Americas' Mexican facilities and improvements within our Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segment related to higher sales volume in South Africa and improved margins in the United Kingdom. The increases in gross profit margin were partially offset by costs associated with integrating our Cequent Consumer Products and Cequent Performance Products business units, lower sales year-over-year in our higher margin OE and aftermarket product categories, higher material input costs in our Australia business and costs related to the closure of our facility in Finland.

Operating profit margin approximated 3.4% and 4.0% in 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Operating profit decreased $4.9 million , or 20.0% , to $19.6 million in 2015 as compared to $24.5 million in 2014 , primarily as a result of costs associated with integrating our Cequent Consumer Products and Cequent Performance Product business units, increased legal costs and lower sales levels. The decrease in operating profit margin was partially offset by reductions in compensation costs at all of our reportable segments and a favorable foreign currency impact at certain of our Horizon Asia‑Pacific locations.

Interest expense increased approximately $8.1 million , to $8.8 million in 2015 , as compared to $0.7 million in 2014 . Our June 30, 2015 launch as a public company was funded through a Term B Loan, while operating funds were provided by a revolving ABL Facility.

Other expense, net increased approximately $0.5 million to $3.7 million in 2015 , from $3.2 million in 2014 , primarily due to higher losses on transactions denominated in foreign currencies within certain of our Horizon Asia‑Pacific and Horizon Europe‑Africa locations.

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The effective income tax rate for 2015 was (18.2)% , compared to 25.4% for 2014 . The decrease was primarily due to the reversal of certain unrecognized tax contingencies, as a result of the expiration of applicable statute of limitations. Additionally, the overall effective tax rate for the period was reduced by the recognition of tax benefits associated with losses in certain jurisdictions with higher statutory tax rates.

Net income decreased approximately $7.1 million to $8.3 million in 2015 , from $15.4 million in 2014 . The decrease was primarily the result of a $4.9 million decrease in operating profit, a $8.1 million increase in interest expense and a $0.6 million increase in other expenses, partially offset by a $6.5 million decrease in income tax expense.

See below for a discussion of operating results by reportable segment.

Horizon Americas . Net sales decreased approximately $17.4 million , or 3.9% , to $429.3 million in 2015 , as compared to $446.7 million in 2014 , primarily due to year-over-year decreases within our aftermarket and industrial channels partially offset by increases in our retail channel and e-commerce customers. Net sales within our aftermarket channel decreased approximately $8.2 million primarily due to lower demand from our warehouse distributor customers as a result of consolidation of their distribution centers. Net sales within our industrial channel decreased approximately $6.6 million , primarily due to lower demand from our OE and warehouse distributor customers servicing energy and agricultural end markets. Net sales within our automotive OE channel decreased $1.7 million due to unplanned reductions in customer production days, a delayed product launch and lower take rates on automotive accessories with certain existing customers. Offsetting these declines was an increase in our retail channel of approximately $2.6 million . The growth within the retail channel was driven by existing automotive retail, home center and hardware stores, agriculture supply retail centers and e-commerce customers, and broom and brush and towing products roll-outs with home hardware customers, partially offset by $2.3 million of significant customer product roll-outs in 2014 that did not recur in 2015. Net sales were also negatively impacted by approximately $3.5 million of unfavorable currency exchange. Our other market channels remained relatively flat year-over-year.

Horizon Americas ' gross profit decreased approximately $0.4 million to $116.3 million , or 27.1% of sales, in 2015 , from approximately $116.7 million , or 26.1% of sales, in 2014 , primarily due to lower sales levels in part due to distributor consolidation and lower demand within the industrial channel. Gross profit margin was favorably impacted by lower product and labor input costs in our Mexican facilities as a result of the strengthening U.S. dollar in relation to the Mexican peso, as well as operational efficiencies realized in our Mexican manufacturing facilities. Partially offsetting the margin improvements were approximately $4.3 million of costs recorded in 2015 associated with integrating our Cequent Consumer Products and Cequent Performance Products business units and lower sales year-over-year in our higher margin brake controllers in the OE and aftermarket categories.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $1.0 million to $84.2 million , or 19.6% of sales, in 2015 , as compared to $85.2 million , or 19.1% of sales, in 2014 . The decrease in 2015 is primarily due to reductions in compensation cost as a result of prior restructuring efforts and actions taken by the company to reduce indirect spending in response to lower sales levels. Offsetting these actions were increases of approximately $1.0 million in higher legal expenses associated with patent defense and ordinary course claims. Also during 2015, we incurred approximately $3.3 million of costs associated with integrating our Cequent Consumer Products and Cequent Performance Product business units.

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Horizon Americas ' operating profit decreased approximately $0.5 million to $30.3 million , or 7.1% of sales, in 2015 , from $30.8 million , or 6.9% of net sales, in 2014 , primarily due to lower sales levels and costs associated with integrating our Cequent Consumer Products and Cequent Performance Products divisions. Operating profit margin was positively impacted by operational efficiencies and lower input costs at our Mexican manufacturing facilities. Offsetting the gross margin improvements was approximately $1.1 million of higher disposals of property and equipment, primarily resulting from the write-off of costs associated with the implementation of software determined to be inadequate for the business and $7.6 million of costs associated with integrating our Cequent Consumer Products and Cequent Performance Products business units.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific . Net sales decreased approximately $15.7 million , or 14.1% , to $95.3 million in 2015 , as compared to $111.0 million in 2014 . Net sales were negatively impacted by approximately $16.1 million of unfavorable currency exchange. Overall sales increased in our Australia and New Zealand businesses by $1.8 million as new program awards with OE customers outpaced the loss of an existing OE contract and transfer of an OE program to our Thailand business to better serve our customer. Sales decreased in our Thailand business by $1.3 million due to the loss of an existing program with an OE customer that more than offset the transfer from Australia and new program awards.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific 's gross profit decreased approximately $4.6 million to $19.1 million , or 20.0% of net sales in 2015 , from approximately $23.7 million , or 21.3% of net sales, in 2014 . Gross profit was negatively impacted by approximately $2.9 million of unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Gross profit was further adversely impacted by $3.2 million higher material input costs in our Australia business as a result of the weakening Australian dollar and an unfavorable product mix. These decreases were slightly offset by an increase due to an OEM recovery in Thailand.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific 's selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $3.6 million to $11.4 million , or 12.0% of sales in 2015 , as compared to $15.0 million , or 13.5% of sales in 2014 , which is primarily driven by a favorable currency impact of approximately $2.2 million . Reductions in compensation cost and other indirect spending, primarily in our Australian business, as a result of prior cost-saving efforts further contributed to the decline in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific 's operating profit decreased approximately $1.3 million to $7.7 million , or 8.0% of sales, in 2015 , from $9.0 million , or 8.1% of net sales in 2014 , primarily due to currency exchange and higher material input costs in Australia.

Horizon Europe‑Africa . Net sales decreased approximately $3.2 million , or 5.9% , to $50.9 million in 2015 , as compared to $54.1 million in 2014 . Net sales were negatively impacted by approximately $7.4 million of unfavorable currency exchange. Net sales increased approximately $4.6 million in our South Africa business primarily due to increased demand from an existing OE customer and new program awards. The remaining change in net sales is attributed to our other business units in the Horizon Europe‑Africa segment, which remained relatively flat year-over-year.

Horizon Europe‑Africa 's gross profit decreased approximately $0.1 million to $7.6 million , or 15.0% of net sales in 2015 , from approximately $7.7 million , or 14.2% of net sales, in 2014 . Gross profit was negatively impacted by approximately $1.0 million of unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Gross profit margin was further adversely impacted by costs of approximately $0.8 million in the second quarter related to the closure of our facility in Finland. These adverse impacts were partially offset by improved gross profit and gross profit margin in South Africa as a result of increased volume, and improved margin in our United Kingdom business driven by lower material input costs.

Horizon Europe‑Africa 's selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $1.2 million to $7.5 million , or 14.7% of sales in 2015 , as compared to $8.7 million , or 16.1% of sales in 2014 , which is primarily driven by a a favorable currency impact of approximately $1.0 million .

Horizon Europe‑Africa 's operating loss decreased approximately $1.2 million to $0.1 million , or 0.2% of sales, in 2015 , from an operation loss of $1.3 million , or 2.4% of net sales in 2014 , primarily due to improved gross profit margins in South Africa and the United Kingdom.

Corporate Expenses. Corporate expenses increased approximately $4.3 million to $18.3 million in 2015 , as compared to $14.0 million in 2014 . The increase is primarily attributable to increased expenses related to operating as a standalone public company. For all periods prior to the spin-off, the consolidated financial statements include expense allocations, related to the spin-off, for certain functions provided by our former parent; however, the allocations may not be comparable to the corporate expenses we incurred as a stand-alone company. Corporate expenses included in operating profit in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include amounts that were allocated to us on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of revenue or headcount.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our capital and working capital requirements are funded through a combination of cash flows from operations, cash on hand and various borrowings and factoring arrangements described below, including our asset-based revolving credit facility ("ABL

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Facility"). We utilize intercompany loans and equity contributions to fund our worldwide operations. See Note 10, “ Long-term Debt " included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , there was $20.2 million and $10.5 million , respectively, of cash held at foreign subsidiaries. There may be country specific regulations which may restrict or result in increased costs in the repatriation of these funds.

Based on our current and anticipated levels of operations and the condition in our markets and industry, we believe that our cash on hand, cash flow from operations and availability under our ABL Facility will enable us to meet our working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other funding requirements. However, our ability to fund our working capital needs, debt payments and other obligations, and to comply with financial covenants, including borrowing base limitations under our ABL Facility, depends on our future operating performance and cash flows and many factors outside of our control, including the costs of raw materials, the state of the automotive accessories market and financial and economic conditions and other factors. Any future acquisitions, joint ventures or other similar transactions will likely require additional capital and there can be no assurance that any such capital will be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.

On February 1, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 4.6 million shares of common stock, which included the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase 0.6 million shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $18.50 per share (the "Common Stock Offering"). Proceeds from the Common Stock Offering were approximately $79.7 million , net of underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering-related transaction costs.

Concurrently, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of $125.0 million aggregate principal amount, which included the exercise in full by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase an additional $15.0 million principal amount, of 2.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the "Convertible Notes" and the "Convertible Notes Offering", respectively). The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on July 1, 2017. The Convertible Notes will mature on July 1, 2022, unless earlier converted in accordance with the terms prior to such date. Proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering were approximately $119.2 million , net of underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering-related transaction costs. The Company used the net proceeds of the Common Stock Offering, along with a portion of the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering, to repay $177.0 million of existing indebtedness under the Term B Loan.

Cash Flows - Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities in 2016 was approximately $35.4 million , as compared to $26.9 million in 2015 . In 2016 , the Company generated $20.0 million in cash flows, based on the reported net loss of $12.7 million and after considering the effects of non-cash items related to losses on dispositions of property and equipment, depreciation, amortization, intangible asset impairment, stock compensation, amortization of inventory step-up recorded as part of purchase accounting, changes in deferred income taxes, amortization of original issuance discount and debt issuance costs, and other, net. In 2015 , the Company generated $26.4 million based on the reported net income of $8.3 million and after considering the effects of similar non-cash items.

Changes in operating assets and liabilities generated approximately $15.4 million and $0.5 million of cash in 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Decreases in accounts receivable resulted in a net source of cash of $4.7 million in 2016 , while increases in accounts receivable resulted in a use of cash of $5.5 million in 2015 . The decrease in accounts receivable in 2016 was due to improved collection efforts and timing of sales within the fourth quarter. The increase in accounts receivable in 2015 compared to 2014 was due to the timing of sales and payments received, as a larger portion of sales were in December in 2015 compared to 2014 .

Changes in inventory resulted in a net source of cash of $10.7 million in 2016 , as compared to a use of cash of $30.0 thousand in 2015 . The decrease in inventory in 2016 was primarily the result of improved inventory management, the reduction of safety stock held at December 31, 2015 to support the transition out of Juarez and El Paso facilities, and a manufacturing slow down near the end of the year in anticipation of a new ERP going live.

Changes in prepaid expenses and other assets resulted in a net use of cash of $6.3 million in 2016 , as compared to a source of cash of approximately $0.1 million in 2015 . The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets in 2016 was due to the timing of payments and renewals of contracts. Prepaid expenses and other assets in 2015 remained flat compared to 2014 .

Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in a net use of cash of $6.3 million and $5.9 million in 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in 2016 was primarily related to the timing of payments made to suppliers, mix of vendors and related terms, as well as increases in certain compensation accruals primarily related to bonuses and severance payments. The increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in 2015 compared to 2014 was driven by the timing of payments.

Cash Flows - Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities in 2016 was approximately $108.4 million , as compared to $6.8 million in 2015 . During 2016 , we acquired businesses for total cash consideration paid of $94.4 million , net of cash acquired, the largest of which was the

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acquisition of the Westfalia Group. In addition, we invested approximately $14.5 million in capital expenditures, as we have continued our investment in growth, capacity and productivity-related capital projects. Cash received from the disposition of assets was approximately $0.5 million in 2016 . During 2015 , we incurred approximately $8.3 million in capital expenditures and cash received from the disposition of assets was approximately $1.5 million , primarily from the sale of our business in Finland. We anticipate that we will spend approximately $30.6 million on capital expenditures in 2017.

Cash Flows - Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities in 2016 was approximately $100.5 million , as compared to a net use of cash of $0.9 million in 2015 . In 2016 , we entered into an amendment to the Original Term B Loan to finance, in part, the acquisition of the Westfalia Group and received proceeds, net of repayments and transaction costs, of $138.2 million . We used $39.0 million of the Incremental Loans to repay Westfalia Group debt that we assumed as part of the acquisition. During 2015 , cash used for financing activities was primarily related to the spin-off from our former parent company, including distributions to our former parent company of $214.5 million . This was partially offset by proceeds from our Term B Loan, net of transaction costs, of $187.8 million and transfers from our former parent of $27.6 million .

Factoring Arrangements

We have factoring arrangements with financial institutions to sell certain accounts receivable under non-recourse agreements. Total receivables sold under the factoring arrangements was approximately $20.7 million as of December 31, 2016 . The Company had no factoring arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 . We utilize factoring arrangements as part of our financing for working capital. The costs of participating in these arrangements are immaterial to our results. Refer to Note 3 , " Summary of Significant Accounting Policies " in Item 8 , " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," included within this Annual Report report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Our Debt and Other Commitments

We and certain of our subsidiaries are party to the ABL Facility, an asset-based revolving credit facility that provides for $99.0 million of funding on a revolving basis. The ABL Facility matures in June 2020 and bears interest on outstanding balances at variable rates as outlined in the credit agreement. On June 30, 2015, we entered into a term loan agreement (the "Original Term B Loan") under which we borrowed an aggregate amount of $200.0 million . On September 19, 2016, we entered into the First Amendment to the Original Term B Loan (the "Term Loan Amendment") which provided for incremental commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $152.0 million (the "Incremental Term Loans"), which amounts we borrowed and used to finance the cash portion of the purchase price and pay down debt assumed as part of the Westfalia Group acquisition. The Original Term B Loan and Incremental Term Loans are collectively referred to as the "Term B Loan". The Term B Loan matures in June 2021 and bears interest at variable rates in accordance with the credit agreement. Refer to Note 10 , " Long-term Debt ," in Item 8 , " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," included within this Annual Report report on Form 10-K for additional information.

At December 31, 2016 there was no balance outstanding on the ABL Facility and $337.0 million outstanding on the Term B Loan bearing interest at 7.00% .

The agreements governing the ABL Facility and Term B Loan contain various negative and affirmative covenants and other requirements affecting us and our subsidiaries, including restrictions on incurrence of debt, liens, mergers, investments, loans, advances, guarantee obligations, acquisitions, asset dispositions, sale-leaseback transactions, hedging agreements, dividends and other restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, restrictive agreements and amendments to charters, bylaws, and other material documents. The ABL Facility does not include any financial maintenance covenants other than a springing minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 on a trailing twelve-month basis, which will be tested only upon the occurrence of an event of default or certain other conditions as specified in the agreement. The Term B Loan contains customary negative covenants, and also contains a financial maintenance covenant which requires us to maintain a net leverage ratio not exceeding 5.25 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2017; 5.00 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2018; 4.75 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2018; and thereafter, 4.50 to 1.00 . At December 31, 2016 , we were in compliance with our financial covenants contained in the ABL Facility and the Term B Loan, respectively.

Our Australian subsidiary is party to a facility agreement consisting of an approximately $10.8 million revolving trade finance facility, which matures on November 30, 2017 , is subject to interest at the Bank Bill Swap rate plus 1.90% and is secured by substantially all the assets of the subsidiary. No amounts were outstanding under the agreement at December 31, 2016 , as well as December 31, 2015 . Borrowings under this arrangement are also subject to financial and reporting covenants. Financial covenants include a working capital coverage ratio (working capital over total debt), a minimum tangible net worth calculation (total assets plus subordinated debt, less liabilities, intangible assets and goodwill) and an interest coverage ratio (EBIT over gross interest cost). We were in compliance with such covenants for all periods presented.

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We are subject to variable interest rates on our Term B Loan and ABL Facility. At December 31, 2016 , 1-Month LIBOR and 3-Month LIBOR approximated 0.77% and 1.00% , respectively.

Principal payments required under the Original Term B Loan are $2.5 million due each calendar quarter beginning September 2015, with the remaining principal due on maturity, June 30, 2021. Principal payments required under the Incremental Term Loans are $2.1 million due each calendar quarter beginning March 2017. Commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016, and for each fiscal year thereafter, we may also be required to make prepayments of outstanding term loans under the Term B Loan in an amount equal to 50.0% of our excess cash flow for such fiscal year, as defined, subject to adjustments based on our leverage ratio and optional prepayments of term loans and certain other indebtedness.

In addition to our long-term debt, we have other cash commitments related to leases. We account for these lease transactions as operating leases and annual rent expense related thereto approximated $16.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 . We expect to continue to utilize leasing as a financing strategy in the future to meet capital expenditure needs and to reduce debt levels.

The following is a reconciliation of net income, as reported, which is a U.S. GAAP measure of our operating results, to Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined in our credit agreement, for the year ended December 31, 2016 . We present Consolidated Bank EBITDA to show our performance under our financial covenants.



	Year ended December 31, 2016
	(dollars in thousands)
Net loss attributable to Horizon Global	$	(12,360	)
Bank stipulated adjustments:
Interest expense, net (as defined)	20,080
Income tax benefit	(3,730		)
Depreciation and amortization	18,220
Extraordinary charges	6,830
Non-cash compensation expense ^(a)	3,860
Other non-cash expenses or losses	16,460
Pro forma EBITDA of permitted acquisition	13,910
Interest-equivalent costs associated with any Specified Vendor Receivables Financing	1,200
Items limited to 25% of consolidated EBITDA:
Non-recurring expense ^(b)	4,190
Acquisition integration costs ^(c)	4,290
Synergies related to permitted acquisition ^(d)	12,500
EBITDA limitation for non-recurring expenses ^(e)	(4,860		)
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined	$	80,590



	December 31, 2016
	(dollars in thousands)
Total Consolidated Indebtedness	$	288,140
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined	80,590
Actual leverage ratio	3.58
Covenant requirement	5.25

______________

^(a) Non-cash compensation expenses resulting from the grant of restricted units of common stock and common stock options.

^(b) Under our credit agreement, costs and expenses related to cost savings projects, including restructuring and severance expenses, are not to exceed $5 million in any fiscal year and $20 million in aggregate, commencing on or after January 1, 2015.

^(c) Under our credit agreement, costs and expenses related to the integration of the Westfalia Group acquisition, are not to exceed $10 million in any fiscal year and $30 million in aggregate.

^(d) Under our credit agreement, the add back for the amount of reasonably identifiable and factually supportable "run rate" cost savings, operating expense reductions, and other synergies cannot exceed $12.5 million for the Westfalia Group acquisition.

^(e) The amounts added to Consolidated Net Income pursuant to items in notes b-d shall not exceed 25% of Consolidated EBITDA, excluding these items, for such period.

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Refer to Note 10 , " Long-term Debt ," in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Contractual Obligations

Under various agreements, we are obligated to make future cash payments in fixed amounts. These include payments under our long-term debt agreements, rent payments required under operating and capital lease agreements and interest obligations on our term loans.

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations over various future periods related to these items as of December 31, 2016 .



	Payments Due by Periods
	Total		Less than One Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		More than 5 Years
	(dollars in thousands)
Contractual cash obligations:
Long-term debt	$	347,470	$	18,220	$	36,440	$	282,360	$	10,450
Lease obligations	65,200		16,910		25,940		15,420		6,930
Interest obligations	95,230		23,430		42,980		28,820		—
Deferred purchase price and contingent consideration	5,700		2,120		3,580		—		—
Total contractual obligations	$	513,600	$	60,680	$	108,940	$	326,600	$	17,380

Interest on our ABL Facility is based on either (i) the Base Rate (as defined per the credit agreement, the "Base Rate") plus the Applicable Margin (as defined per the credit agreement "Applicable Margin"), or (ii) the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus the Applicable Margin. As of December 31, 2016 , we had $99 million available, subject to a borrowing base calculation, under our ABL Facility. As of December 31, 2016 , there were no amounts outstanding on the ABL Facility. Interest on our Term B Loan is based, at our discretion, on either (i) the Base Rate plus 5% per annum, or (ii) LIBOR plus 6% per annum. We had $337.0 million aggregate principal amount outstanding bearing interest at 7.00% at December 31, 2016 on our Term B Loan. These rates were used to estimate our future interest obligations with respect to the long-term debt included in the table below.

We may be required to prepay a portion of our Term B Loan in an amount equal to 50.0% of our excess cash flow, as defined in the credit agreement, which such percentage is based on our leverage ratio, as defined. No amounts have been included in the contractual obligations table as a reasonable estimate cannot be determined.

As of December 31, 2016 , we are contingently liable for standby letters of credit totaling $7.0 million issued on our behalf by financial institutions under our credit agreement. These letters of credit are used for a variety of purposes, including to support certain operating lease agreements, vendor payment terms and other subsidiary operating activities, and to meet various states' requirements to self-insure workers' compensation claims, including incurred but not reported claims.

The liability related to unrecognized tax benefits has been excluded from the contractual obligations table because a reasonable estimate of the timing and amount of cash flows from future tax settlements cannot be determined. For additional information, refer to Note 17 , " Income Taxes ," included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Credit Rating

We and certain of our outstanding debt obligations are rated by Standard & Poor's and Moody's. On January 30, 2017, Moody's upgraded our prior rating of B2 to B1 for our $328 million ($352 million at time of rating, including the $152 million add-on) senior secured term loan, as presented in Note 10 , "Long-term Debt" included in Item 8 , "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moody's also maintained a B2 to our corporate family rating and our outlook as stable. On January 26, 2017, Standard & Poor's raised its corporate credit rating from B to B+ for our $328 million ($352 million at the time of the rating, including the $152 million Incremental Term Loans) senior secured term loan. Standard & Poor's also maintained our B corporate credit rating and outlook as stable, while assigning a B- rating to our then proposed (at time of rating) Convertible Notes. If our credit ratings were to decline, our ability to access certain financial markets may become limited, our cost of borrowings may increase, the perception of us in the view of our customers, suppliers and security holders may worsen and as a result, we may be adversely affected.

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Outlook

Our global business remains susceptible to economic conditions that could adversely impact our business. While the U.S. and Asia-Pacific economies impacting our demand remain strong, and the European economy shows indications of improvement, global economic sentiment remains cautious given continued geopolitical uncertainty and foreign currency volatility. Additionally, we continue to evaluate the trade and tax policy discussions taking place in Washington, D.C. and the impact the ultimate legislation could have on our current operations. We believe the unique global footprint we enjoy in our market space will continue to benefit us as our OE customers continue to demonstrate a preference for stronger relationships with few suppliers. Additionally, while we believe that the continued consolidation in aftermarket distribution presents long-term opportunities for us given our strong brand positions, portfolio of product offerings, and existing customer relationships, our results of operations may be impacted by the closure and consolidation of customer warehouses in the short term.

We attempt to mitigate challenging external factors by executing productivity projects across our businesses which we believe will drive future margin expansion, including leveraging recent investments made to expand our European manufacturing footprint, global customer relationships and global manufacturing and distribution capabilities. We believe these initiatives will carry through 2017 and beyond and enhance our margins and business portfolio over time.

Our strategic priorities are to improve margins, reduce our leverage, and drive top line growth.

Impact of New Accounting Standards

See Note 2 , " New Accounting Pronouncements ," included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The following discussion of accounting policies is intended to supplement the accounting policies presented in Note 3 , " Summary of Significant Accounting Policies " included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain of our accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These judgments are based on our historical experience, our evaluation of business and macroeconomic trends, and information from other outside sources, as appropriate.

Revenue Recognition. Revenue is recognized when there is evidence of a sale, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable and the collectability of receivables is reasonably assured. Net sales is comprised of gross revenues less estimates of expected returns, trade discounts and customer allowances, which include incentives such as cooperative advertising agreements, volume discounts and other supply agreements in connection with various programs. Such deductions are recorded during the period the related revenue is recognized.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect management’s best estimate of probable credit losses inherent in our accounts receivable balances. Determination of the allowances requires management to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the allowances for doubtful accounts and, therefore, net income. The level of the allowance is based on quantitative and qualitative factors including historical loss experience, delinquency trends, economic conditions and customer credit risk. We perform detailed reviews of our accounts receivable portfolio on at least a quarterly basis to assess the adequacy of the allowance. Over the past two years, the allowance for doubtful accounts has approximated 4.5% to 4.7% of gross accounts receivable. We do not believe that significant credit risk exists due to our diverse customer base.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets. We review, on at least a quarterly basis, the financial performance of each business unit for indicators of impairment. In reviewing for impairment indicators, we also consider events or changes in circumstances such as business prospects, customer retention, market trends, potential product obsolescence, competitive activities and other economic factors. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying value of an asset group exceeds the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset group. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles. We assess goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 1, after the annual forecasting process is complete. More frequent evaluations may be required if we experience changes in our business climate or as a result of other triggering events that take place. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, the asset is considered impaired and is reduced to fair value.

We determine our reporting units at the individual operating segment level, or one level below, when there is discrete financial information available that is regularly reviewed by segment management for evaluating operating results. Our operating results are organized by management into operating segments by geography. We have determined that we have three reportable segments

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as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting: (i) Horizon Americas , consisting of our operations in North and South America, (ii) Horizon Asia‑Pacific , consisting of our operations in the Asia Pacific region, and (iii) Horizon Europe‑Africa , consisting of our operations in the Europe and Africa regions. We have determined that that our businesses in each of our operating segments are components that are aggregated into three geographical reporting units for the purpose of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment testing, as they offer similar products and services, have similar target markets and customers, and have similar distribution practices. Furthermore, the segment managers do not regularly review financial information at a level lower than the three geographical operating segments described above. As such, the geographical reporting units are Horizon Americas , Horizon Asia‑Pacific , and Horizon Europe‑Africa . There is no goodwill recorded in our Horizon Asia‑Pacific reportable segment.

The goodwill in the Horizon Americas reportable segment was subjected to our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2016. For purposes of the goodwill test, we prepared a qualitative assessment (Step Zero) of the carrying value of goodwill using the criteria in ASC 350-20-35-3 to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value. In performing the Step Zero assessment, we considered relevant events and circumstances that could affect the fair value or carrying amount of the Company's reporting units, such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, entity and reporting unit specific events and capital markets pricing. We also considered the 2015 annual goodwill impairment test results, where the estimated fair value of each of the Company's reporting units with goodwill exceeded the carrying value by more than 100%. Based on the Step Zero analysis performed, we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount; therefore, we determined that Steps I and II are not required for the 2016 goodwill impairment test.

The goodwill included in our Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segment relates to the acquisition of the Westfalia Group, which was initially measured in accordance to ASC 805, " Business Combinations ." We believe that there have been no changes in the business climate or other triggering event that has taken place since the date of acquisition. Therefore, we do not believe it is more likely than not that the fair value of the goodwill recognized from the acquisition is less than its carrying amount.

We conducted the annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests as of October 1, 2016. For purposes of the indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test, we applied the relief from royalty method to estimate the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets. Upon completion of our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test, we determined that certain of the Company's indefinite-lived intangible assets had a carrying value in excess of its fair value. Refer to Note 6, " Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets " in Item 8 , " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," included within this Annual Report report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Sales Related Accruals. Net sales is comprised of gross revenues less estimates of expected returns, trade discounts and customer allowances, which include incentives for items such as cooperative advertising agreements, volume discounts and other supply agreements in connection with various customer programs. On at least a quarterly basis, we perform detailed reviews of our sales related accruals by evaluating specific customer contractual commitments, assessing current incentive programs and other relevant information in order to assess the adequacy of the reserve. Reductions to revenue and estimated accruals are recorded in the period in which revenue is recognized.

Income Taxes. We compute income taxes using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred income taxes using current enacted tax rates are provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We determine valuation allowances based on an assessment of positive and negative evidence on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis and record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount more likely than not to be realized. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. We record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Self-insurance. TriMas was generally self-insured for losses and liabilities related to workers’ compensation, health and welfare claims and comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability. Liabilities associated with the risks are estimated by considering historical claims experience and other actuarial assumptions. Prior to spin-off, Horizon as a component of TriMas indirectly participated in these self-insurance plans and has been allocated a portion of the related expenses and liabilities for the periods presented prior to the spin-off. Following the spin-off, we continued to participate in TriMas' health and welfare plan and reimbursed them for claims paid on our behalf through December 31, 2015. Beginning January 1, 2016, the Company was no longer self-insured for health and welfare benefits. We instituted self-insurance plans for losses and liabilities related to workers' compensation and comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability at the time of spin-off. Beginning on July 1, 2016 the Company is fully insured for workers' compensation and retains no liability for claims under the new plan. Reserves for claims losses, including an estimate of related litigation defense costs, are recorded based upon the Company's estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using actuarial assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions for factors such as actual experience could cause these estimates to change.

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Emerging Growth Company

The JOBS Act establishes a class of company called an "emerging growth company," which generally is a company whose initial public offering was completed after December 8, 2011 and had total annual gross revenues of less than $1 billion during its most recently completed fiscal year. We currently qualify as an emerging growth company.

As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are not available to public reporting companies that do not qualify for this classification, including without limitation the following:


▪	An emerging growth company is exempt from any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and financial statements, commonly known as an "auditor discussion and analysis."


▪	An emerging growth company is not required to hold a nonbinding advisory stockholder vote on executive compensation or any golden parachute payments not previously approved by stockholders.


▪	An emerging growth company is not required to comply with the requirement of auditor attestation of management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting, which is required for other public reporting companies by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.


▪	An emerging growth company is eligible for reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic and annual reports, including without limitation exemption from the requirement to provide a compensation discussion and analysis describing compensation practices and procedures.


▪	A company that is an emerging growth company is eligible for reduced financial statement disclosure in registration statements, which must include two years of audited financial statements rather than the three years of audited financial statements that are required for other public reporting companies.

For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we expect that we will take advantage of the reduced disclosure obligations available to us as a result of this classification. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common stock pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under applicable SEC rules. We expect that we will remain an emerging growth company for the foreseeable future, but cannot retain our emerging growth company status indefinitely and will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company on or before December 31, 2020.

Emerging growth companies may elect to take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to "opt out" of such extended transition period, and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for companies that are not "emerging growth companies." Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates, commodity prices, insurable risks due to property damage, employee and liability claims, and other uncertainties in the financial and credit markets, which may impact demand for our products.

We conduct business in various locations throughout the world and are subject to market risk due to changes in the value of foreign currencies. The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are primarily the local currency in the country of domicile. We manage these operating activities at the local level and revenues and costs are generally denominated in local currencies; however, results of operations and assets and liabilities reported in U.S. dollars will fluctuate with changes in exchange rates between such local currencies and the U.S. dollar. A 10% change in average exchange rates versus the U.S. Dollar would have resulted in an approximate $21.4 million change to our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016.

We are exposed to market risk from changes in the interest rates on a significant portion of our outstanding debt. Outstanding balances under our Term B Loan, at the Company's election, bear interest at variable rates based on a margin over defined LIBOR. Based on the amount outstanding on the Term B Loan as of December 31, 2016, a 100 basis point change in LIBOR would result in an approximate $2.6 million change to our annual interest expense.

We use derivative financial instruments to manage our currency risks. We are also subject to interest risk as it relates to long-term debt, for which we may prospectively employ derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of variable interest rates. See Item 7, " Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, " for details about our primary market risks, and the objectives and strategies used to manage these risks. Also see Note 10 , " Long-term Debt ," and Note 11 , " Derivative Instruments ," included in Item 8, " Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ," within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

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Item 8 . Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Horizon Global Corporation

Troy, MI

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Horizon Global Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and shareholders' equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Horizon Global Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, prior to June 30, 2015, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the separate records maintained by TriMas Corporation and may not necessarily be indicative of the financial condition, or results of operations and cash flows that would have existed had the Company been operated as a stand-alone company during the periods prior to June 30, 2015 presented. For the period subsequent June 30, 2015, the consolidated financial statements are derived from the historical accounting records of Horizon Global Corporation on a stand-alone basis.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Detroit, Michigan

March 10, 2017

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Horizon Global Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands)



	December 31,
	2016			2015
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	50,240		$	23,520
Receivables, net	77,570			63,050
Inventories	146,020			119,470
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	12,160			5,120
Total current assets	285,990			211,160
Property and equipment, net	93,760			45,890
Goodwill	120,190			4,410
Other intangibles, net	86,720			56,020
Deferred income taxes	9,370			4,500
Other assets	17,340			9,600
Total assets	$	613,370		$	331,580
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Current maturities, long-term debt	$	22,900		$	10,130
Accounts payable	111,450			78,540
Accrued liabilities	63,780			39,820
Total current liabilities	198,130			128,490
Long-term debt	327,040			178,610
Deferred income taxes	25,730			2,910
Other long-term liabilities	30,410			19,570
Total liabilities	581,310			329,580
Commitments and contingent liabilities	—			—
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock $0.01 par: Authorized 100,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: None	—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par: Authorized 400,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: 20,899,959 shares at December 31, 2016 and 18,131,865 shares at December 31, 2015	210			180
Paid-in capital	54,800			1,260
Accumulated deficit	(14,310		)	(1,910		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(8,340		)	2,470
Total Horizon Global shareholders' equity	32,360			2,000
Noncontrolling interest	(300		)	—
Total shareholders' equity	32,060			2,000
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	613,370		$	331,580

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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Horizon Global Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Net sales	$	649,200		$	575,510		$	611,780
Cost of sales	(488,850		)	(432,470		)	(463,690		)
Gross profit	160,350			143,040			148,090
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(145,150		)	(121,350		)	(122,890		)
Net loss on dispositions of property and equipment	(540		)	(2,120		)	(740		)
Impairment of intangible assets	(8,360		)	—			—
Operating profit	6,300			19,570			24,460
Other expense, net:
Interest expense	(20,080		)	(8,810		)	(720		)
Other expense, net	(2,610		)	(3,740		)	(3,150		)
Other expense, net	(22,690		)	(12,550		)	(3,870		)
Income (loss) before income tax	(16,390		)	7,020			20,590
Income tax benefit (expense)	3,730			1,280			(5,240		)
Net income (loss)	(12,660		)	$	8,300		$	15,350
Less: Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	(300		)	—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to Horizon Global	$	(12,360	)	$	8,300		$	15,350
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Horizon Global:
Basic	$	(0.66	)	$	0.46		$	0.85
Diluted	$	(0.66	)	$	0.46		$	0.85
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	18,775,500			18,064,491			18,062,027
Diluted	18,775,500			18,160,852			18,113,416

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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Horizon Global Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Dollars in thousands)



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Net income (loss)	$	(12,660	)	$	8,300		$	15,350
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation	(10,590		)	(9,510		)	(7,240		)
Derivative instruments (Note 11)	(220		)	(640		)	(70		)
Total other comprehensive loss	(10,810		)	(10,150		)	(7,310		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(23,470		)	(1,850		)	8,040
Comprehensive (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	(300		)	—			—
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Horizon Global	$	(23,170	)	$	(1,850	)	$	8,040

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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Horizon Global Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(12,660	)	$	8,300		$	15,350
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities, net of acquisition impact:
Net loss on dispositions of property and equipment	540			2,120			740
Impairment of intangible assets	8,360			—			—
Depreciation	10,260			9,740			11,380
Amortization of intangible assets	7,960			7,340			7,550
Amortization of original issuance discount and debt issuance costs	2,090			830			—
Deferred income taxes	(8,430		)	(4,920		)	(2,720		)
Non-cash compensation expense	3,860			2,530			2,660
Amortization of purchase accounting inventory step-up	6,680			—			—
(Increase) decrease in receivables	4,740			(5,460		)	(3,940		)
(Increase) decrease in inventories	10,650			(30		)	(210		)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	(6,300		)	140			1,080
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	6,300			5,870			(4,440		)
Other, net	1,360			450			560
Net cash provided by operating activities	35,410			26,910			28,010
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures	(14,540		)	(8,320		)	(11,440		)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(94,370		)	—			—
Net proceeds from disposition of property and equipment	470			1,510			330
Net cash used for investing activities	(108,440		)	(6,810		)	(11,110		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from borrowing on credit facilities	41,820			119,340			175,560
Repayments of borrowings on credit facilities	(40,200		)	(118,890		)	(175,900		)
Proceeds from Term B Loan, net of issuance costs	148,180			192,820			—
Repayments of borrowings on Term B Loan	(10,000		)	(5,000		)	—
Proceeds from ABL Facility, net of issuance costs	118,430			57,120			—
Repayments of borrowings on ABL Facility	(118,430		)	(59,430		)	—
Repayments of Westfalia Group debt	(39,000		)	—			—
Cash dividend paid to former parent	—			(214,500		)	—
Net transfers (to) from former parent	—			27,630			(18,720		)
Other, net	(300		)	—			—
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	100,500			(910		)	(19,060		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(750		)	(1,390		)	—
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Increase (decrease) for the year	26,720			17,800			(2,160		)
At beginning of year	23,520			5,720			7,880
At end of year	$	50,240		$	23,520		$	5,720
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	17,330		$	7,870		$	590
Non-cash investing/financing activities:
Non-cash equity issuance for acquisition of businesses	$	49,960		$	—		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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Horizon Global Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

(Dollars in thousands)



	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital			Parent Company Investment			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Horizon Global Shareholders' Equity			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balances at December 31, 2013	$	—	$	—		$	181,510		$	—		$	14,700		$	196,210		$	—		$	196,210
Net income	—		—			15,350			—			—			15,350			—			15,350
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—			—			—			(7,310		)	(7,310		)	—			(7,310		)
Net transfers to former parent	—		—			(16,060		)	—			—			(16,060		)	—			(16,060		)
Balances at December 31, 2014	$	—	$	—		$	180,800		$	—		$	7,390		$	188,190		$	—		$	188,190
Net income	—		—			3,680			4,620			—			8,300			—			8,300
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—			—			—			(10,150		)	(10,150		)	—			(10,150		)
Issuance of common stock	180		—			(180		)	—			—			—			—			—
Net transfers from former parent	—		—			23,670			—			5,230			28,900			—			28,900
Cash dividend paid to former parent	—		—			(214,500		)	—			—			(214,500		)	—			(214,500		)
Non-cash compensation expense	—		1,260			—			—			—			1,260			—			1,260
Reclassification of net parent investment to accumulated deficit	—		—			6,530			(6,530		)	—			—			—			—
Balances at December 31, 2015	$	180	$	1,260		$	—		$	(1,910	)	$	2,470		$	2,000		$	—		$	2,000
Net loss	—		—			—			(12,360		)	—			(12,360		)	(300		)	(12,660		)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—			—			—			(10,810		)	(10,810		)	—			(10,810		)
Issuance of common stock	30		49,930			—			—			—			49,960			—			49,960
Shares surrendered upon vesting of employees' share based payment awards to cover tax obligations	—		(330		)	—			—			—			(330		)	—			(330		)
Exercise of stock options	—		40			—			—			—			40			—			40
Non-cash compensation expense	—		3,860			—			—			—			3,860			—			3,860
Impact of adoption of new accounting guidance related to stock based compensation	—		40			—			(40		)	—			—			—			—
Balances at December 31, 2016	$	210	$	54,800		$	—		$	(14,310	)	$	(8,340	)	$	32,360		$	(300	)	$	32,060

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1 . Basis of Presentation

Horizon Global Corporation ("Horizon," "Horizon Global" or the "Company") is a global designer, manufacturer and distributor of a wide variety of high quality, custom-engineered towing, trailering, cargo management and other related accessories. These products are designed to support original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), original equipment suppliers ("OESs"), aftermarket and retail customers within the agricultural, automotive, construction, horse/livestock, industrial, marine, military, recreational, trailer and utility markets. The Company groups its operating segments into reportable segments by the region in which sales and manufacturing efforts are focused. The Company's reportable segments are Horizon Americas , Horizon Asia‑Pacific and Horizon Europe‑Africa . See Note 16 , " Segment Information ," for further information on each of the Company's reportable segments.

On June 30, 2015, Horizon became an independent company as a result of the distribution by TriMas Corporation ("TriMas" or "former parent") of 100 percent of the outstanding common shares of Horizon Global to TriMas shareholders (the "spin-off"). Each TriMas shareholder of record as of the close of business on June 25, 2015 (the "Record Date") received two Horizon Global common shares for every five TriMas common shares held as of the Record Date. The spin-off was completed on June 30, 2015 and was structured to be tax-free to both TriMas and Horizon Global shareholders.

On July 1, 2015, Horizon Global common shares began regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "HZN". Pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement with TriMas, on June 30, 2015, the Company paid a cash dividend to TriMas of $214.5 million .

Horizon qualifies as an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012 ("JOBS Act"), and, therefore, will be subject to reduced reporting requirements. The JOBS Act also provides that an "emerging growth company" can utilize the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. However, the Company has chosen to "opt out" of such extended transition period, and, as a result, the Company will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for companies that are not "emerging growth companies." Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that the Company's decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements for periods prior to the spin-off are derived from TriMas' historical accounting records on a carve-out basis. For the periods subsequent to the spin-off, the consolidated financial statements are derived from the historical accounting records of Horizon on a stand-alone basis. As such, the consolidated statements of income (loss), consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016 consist of the consolidated results of Horizon on a stand-alone basis. The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 consist of the consolidated results of Horizon on a stand-alone basis for the six months ended December 31, 2015 , and the consolidated results of operations of Horizon as historically managed under TriMas, on a carve-out basis, for the six months ended June 30, 2015 . For the year ended December 31, 2014 the consolidated financial statements consist entirely of the results of Horizon as historically managed under TriMas, on a carve-out basis.

For periods prior to the separation, the consolidated financial statements include expense allocations for certain functions provided by our former parent; however, the allocations may not reflect the expenses the Company would have incurred as an independent, publicly traded company for the periods presented. These expenses were allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of revenue or headcount. Transactions historically treated as intercompany between the Company and our former parent have been included in these consolidated financial statements and were considered effectively settled for cash at the time of the spin-off.

2 . New Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 eliminates the requirement to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure the amount of goodwill impairment. Instead, under ASU 2017-04, the goodwill impairment would be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of adoption of ASU 2017-04 on its consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory." ASU 2016-16 provides an amendment to the accounting guidance related to the recognition of income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. This guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted the first interim period of a fiscal year and should be applied on a modified retrospective basis. Under the new guidance, an entity is required to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Under the current guidance, the income tax effects are deferred until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-16 on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of share-based payment award transactions including: income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance in June 30, 2016. The provisions related to forfeitures were adopted on a modified retrospective basis to record actual forfeitures as they occur, which required us to reflect any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. The net cumulative effect of this change was recognized as a $40 thousand increase of accumulated deficit with a corresponding increase in paid-in capital on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. The provisions related to income taxes and the statement of cash flows were adopted on a prospective basis and did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", which supersedes the leases requirements in "Leases (Topic 840)." The objective of this update is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." This guidance provides that inventory not measured using the last-in, first out ("LIFO") or retail inventory methods should be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory. For public business entities, the amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. This amendment should be applied prospectively. Application of the update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." This guidance requires that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 was originally effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2016; however, in August 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date through the issuance of ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date." Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB has issued several ASUs such as ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, and ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients among others. These ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance stated in ASU 2014-09, instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within the revenue standard. These ASUs will have the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2014-09. The Company continues to assess the overall impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on the consolidated financial statements, and anticipate testing the new controls and processes designed to comply with ASU 2014-09 throughout 2017 to permit adoption by January 1, 2018. The Company expects to adopt the ASUs using a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.

3 . Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of Horizon Global and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 . As a result of an acquisition described in Note 4 , " Acquisitions" , Horizon Global determined that it is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The consolidated financial statements include the assets and liabilities of the VIE at December 31, 2016 and the revenues and expenses of the VIE for the period beginning October 1, 2016. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of property and equipment, goodwill and other intangibles, valuation allowances for receivables, inventories and deferred income tax assets, valuation of derivatives, estimated future unrecoverable lease costs, estimated unrecognized tax benefits, legal and product liability matters, assets and obligations related to employee benefits and allocated expenses, and the respective allocation methods. Actual results may differ from such estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers cash on hand and on deposit and investments in all highly liquid debt instruments with initial maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.

Account Receivables. Receivables are presented net of allowances for doubtful accounts of approximately $3.8 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The Company monitors its exposure for credit losses and maintains allowances for doubtful accounts based upon the Company's best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balances. The Company does not believe that significant credit risk exists due to its diverse customer base.

Account Receivables Factoring. The Company has factoring arrangements with financial institutions to sell certain accounts receivable under non-recourse agreements. Total receivables sold under the factoring arrangements was approximately $20.7 million as of December 31, 2016 . The sales of accounts receivable in accordance with the factoring arrangements are reflected as a reduction of Receivables, net in the consolidated balance sheets as they meet the applicable criteria of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 860, " Transfers and Servicing." The holdback amount due from the factoring institutions was approximately $3.0 million as of December 31, 2016 , and is shown in Receivables, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash proceeds from these arrangements are included in the change in receivables under the operating activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company pays factoring fees associated with the sale of receivables based on the dollar value of the receivables sold. Such fees are not material for the year ended December 31, 2016 . The Company had no factoring arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 .

Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. Direct materials, direct labor and allocations of variable and fixed manufacturing-related overhead are included in inventory cost.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment additions, including significant improvements, are recorded at cost. Upon retirement or disposal of property and equipment, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is included in the accompanying statements of income (loss). Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Annual depreciation rates are as follows: building and land/building improvements 10 to 40 years, and machinery and equipment, three to 15 years. Customer relationship intangibles are amortized over periods ranging from five to 25 years, while technology and other intangibles are amortized over periods ranging from three to 15 years. Capitalized debt issuance costs are amortized over the underlying terms of the related debt.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets. The Company reviews, on at least a quarterly basis, the financial performance of each business unit for indicators of impairment. In reviewing for impairment indicators, the Company also considers events or changes in circumstances such as business prospects, customer retention, market trends, potential product obsolescence, competitive activities and other economic factors. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying value of an asset group exceeds the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset group. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Goodwill. Goodwill relating to a single business reporting unit is included as an asset of the applicable segment. Goodwill arising from major acquisitions that involve multiple reportable segments is allocated to the reporting units based on the relative fair value of the reporting unit. The Company determines its reporting units at the individual operating segment level, or one level below, when there is discrete financial information available that is regularly reviewed by segment management for evaluating operating results. For purposes of the Company's 2016 goodwill impairment test, the Company had three reporting units within its three reportable segments, two of which had goodwill.

Goodwill is reviewed by the Company for impairment on a reporting unit basis annually on October 1st or more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. The Company performs a qualitative assessment (Step Zero) of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount. If not, no further goodwill impairment testing is performed. If so, the Company performs testing for possible impairment in a two-step process. In the first step, the fair value of a reporting unit is compared with its carrying value, including goodwill. If fair value exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not considered to be impaired. If the fair value of a reporting unit is below the carrying value, then step two is performed to measure the amount of the goodwill impairment loss for the reporting unit. This analysis requires the determination of the fair value of all of the individual assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, as if the reporting unit had been purchased on the analysis date.

The Company prepared a qualitative assessment (Step Zero) of the carrying value of goodwill using the criteria in ASC 350-20-35-3 to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value. Based on the Step Zero analysis performed, the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount; therefore, the first and second steps are not required for the 2016 goodwill impairment test.

If additional impairment testing were necessary, the Company would have estimated the fair value of each of the reporting units utilizing a weighting of the income approach and the market approach. The fair value under the income approach is calculated as the present value of estimated cash flows discounted using a risk-free market rate adjusted for a market participant's view of similar companies and perceived risks in cash flows. The fair value under the market approach is calculated using market multiples for peer groups applied to the operating results of the reporting units to determine fair value. The implied fair value of goodwill is then determined by subtracting the fair value of all identifiable net assets other than goodwill from the fair value of the reporting units, with an impairment charge recorded for the excess, if any, of the carrying amount of goodwill over the implied fair value.

Indefinite-Lived Intangibles. The Company assesses indefinite-lived intangible assets, primarily trademarks and trade names, for impairment annually on October 1st by reviewing relevant quantitative factors. More frequent evaluations may be required if the Company experiences changes in its business climate or as a result of other triggering events that take place.

Indefinite-lived assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of each intangible asset with its carrying value. The value of indefinite-lived assets are based on the present value of projected cash flows using a relief from royalty approach. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, the intangible asset is considered impaired and is reduced to fair value.

Self-insurance. Horizon has historically, indirectly as a component of TriMas, participated in TriMas' self-insurance plans and has been allocated a portion of the related expenses and liabilities for the periods presented prior to the spin-off. TriMas was generally self-insured for losses and liabilities related to workers’ compensation, health and welfare claims and comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability. Liabilities associated with the risks were estimated by considering historical claims experience and other actuarial assumptions. Following the spin-off, we continued to participate in TriMas' health and welfare plan through December 31, 2015 and reimbursed them for claims paid on our behalf.

We instituted self-insurance plans for losses and liabilities related to workers' compensation and comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability at the time of spin-off which ran through June 30, 2016. We were generally responsible for up to $1.0 million per occurrence under our comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability plan and $0.5 million under our workers' compensation plan. Beginning on July 1, 2016, we are fully insured for workers' compensation and retain no liability for claims under the new plan, and are generally responsible for up to $0.8 million per occurrence under our comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability plan. Reserves for claim losses, including an estimate of related litigation defense costs, are recorded based upon the Company's estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using actuarial assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions for factors such as actual experience could cause these estimates to change.

Revenue Recognition. Revenues from product sales are recognized when products are shipped or provided to customers, the customer takes ownership and assumes risk of loss, the sales price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Net sales is comprised of gross revenues less estimates of expected returns, trade discounts and customer allowances,

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

which include incentives such as cooperative advertising agreements, volume discounts and other supply agreements in connection with various programs. Such deductions are recorded during the period the related revenue is recognized.

Cost of Sales. Cost of sales includes material, labor and overhead costs incurred in the manufacture of products sold in the period. Material costs include raw material, purchased components, outside processing and inbound freight costs. Overhead costs consist of variable and fixed manufacturing costs, wages and fringe benefits, and purchasing, receiving and inspection costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses include the following: costs related to the advertising, sale, marketing and distribution of the Company’s products, shipping and handling costs, amortization of customer intangible assets, costs of finance, human resources, legal functions, executive management costs and other administrative expenses.

Research and Development Costs. Research and development ("R&D") costs are expensed as incurred. R&D expenses were approximately $4.1 million , $0.7 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and are included in cost of sales in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss).

Shipping and Handling Expenses. Freight costs are included in cost of sales. Shipping and handling expenses, including those of Horizon Americas ’ distribution network, are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss). Shipping and handling costs were $6.0 million , $4.3 million and $5.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively.

Advertising and Sales Promotion Costs. Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $6.1 million , $7.8 million and $8.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss).

Income Taxes. For the purposes of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company’s income tax expense and deferred income tax balances have been estimated as if the Company filed income tax returns on a stand-alone basis separate from former parent. As a stand-alone entity, deferred income taxes and effective tax rates may differ from those in the historical periods.

Following the spin-off, the Company computes income taxes using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Under the method, changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in income in the period such changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are determined based on an assessment of positive and negative evidence on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis and are utilized to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount more likely than not to be realized. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.

The provision for federal, foreign, and state and local income taxes is calculated on income before income taxes based on current tax law and includes the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Such provision differs from the amounts currently payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different reporting periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes.

Foreign Currency Translation. The financial statements of subsidiaries located outside of the United States are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which they operate as the functional currency. When translating into U.S. dollars, income and expense items are translated at average monthly exchange rates and assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Translation adjustments resulting from translating the functional currency into U.S. dollars are deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of shareholders' equity. Net foreign currency transaction gains were approximately $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, and losses of approximately $1.4 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and are included in other expense, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss).

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Derivative Financial Instruments. The Company records all derivative financial instruments at fair value on the balance sheets as either assets or liabilities, and changes in their fair values are immediately recognized in earnings if the derivatives do not qualify as effective hedges. If a derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, then changes in the fair value of the derivative are offset against the changes in the fair value of the underlying hedged item. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, then the effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) until the underlying hedged item is recognized in earnings or the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring. When the underlying hedged transaction is realized or the hedged transaction is no longer probable, the gain or loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss is recorded in earnings and reflected in the consolidated statements of income (loss) through the same line item.

The Company formally documents hedging relationships for all derivative transactions and the underlying hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. In accounting for and disclosing the fair value of these instruments, the Company uses the following hierarchy:


▪	Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date;


▪	Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and


▪	Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Valuation of the Company's foreign currency forward contracts and cross currency swaps are based on the income approach, which uses observable inputs such as forward currency exchange rates and swap rates. The carrying value of financial instruments reported in the balance sheets for current assets and current liabilities approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The Company's term loan traded at 101.6% of par value as of December 31, 2016 . The valuation of the term loan was determined based on Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy, as defined.

Business Combinations. The Company records assets acquired and liabilities assumed from acquisitions at fair value. The fair value of working capital accounts generally approximate book value. The valuation of inventory, property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets require significant assumptions. Inventory is recorded based on the estimated selling price less costs to sell, including completion, disposal and holding period costs with a reasonable profit margin. Property, plant and equipment is recorded at fair value using a combination of both the cost and market approaches for both the real and personal property acquired. Under the cost approach, consideration is given to the amount required to construct or purchase a new asset of equal value at current prices, with adjustments in value for physical deterioration, as well as functional and economic obsolescence. Under the market approach, recent transactions for similar types of assets are used as the basis for estimating fair value. For trademark/trade names and technology and other intangible assets, the estimated fair value is based on projected discounted future net cash flows using the relief-from-royalty method. For customer relationship intangible assets, the estimated fair value is based on projected discounted future cash flows using the excess earnings method. The relief-from-royalty and excess earnings method are both income approaches that utilize key assumptions such as forecasts of revenue and expenses over an extended period of time, royalty rate percentages, tax rates, and estimated costs of debt and equity capital to discount the projected cash flows.

Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each period. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares. Common equivalent shares represent the effect of stock-based awards during each period presented, which, if exercised, earned, or converted, would have a dilutive effect on earnings per share. On June 30, 2015, 18,062,027 shares of our common stock were distributed to TriMas shareholders of record to complete the spin-off from TriMas. For comparative purposes we have used weighted average shares of 18,062,027 to calculate basic EPS for all periods prior to the spin-off. Dilutive earnings per share are calculated to give effect to stock options and restricted shares outstanding during each period.

Environmental Obligations. The Company is subject to increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to air emissions, wastewater discharges and chemical and hazardous waste management and disposal. Some of these environmental laws hold owners or operators of land or businesses liable for their own and for previous owners’ or operators’ releases of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes. Other environmental laws and regulations require the obtainment and compliance with environmental permits. To date, costs of complying with environmental, health and safety requirements have not

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

been material; however, the Company cannot quantify with certainty the potential impact of future compliance efforts and environmental remediation actions.

While the Company must comply with existing and pending climate change legislation, regulation and international treaties or accords, current laws and regulations have not had a material impact on the Company’s business, capital expenditures or financial position. Future events, including those relating to climate change or greenhouse gas regulation could require the Company to incur expenses related to the modification or curtailment of operations, installation of pollution control equipment or investigation and cleanup of contaminated sites.

Ordinary Course Claims. The Company is subject to claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business, but does not believe that any such claim or litigation is likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position and results of operations or cash flows.

Stock-based Compensation. The Company measures stock-based compensation expense at fair value as of the grant date in accordance with U.S. GAAP and recognizes such expenses over the vesting period of the stock-based employee awards. Stock options are issued with an exercise price equal to the opening market price of Horizon common shares on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, which incorporates assumptions regarding the expected volatility, expected option life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. In addition, the Company periodically updates its estimate of attainment for each restricted share with a performance factor based on current and forecasted results, reflecting the change from prior estimate, if any, in current period compensation expense.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company refers to other comprehensive income (loss) as revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are included in comprehensive income (loss) but are excluded from net earnings as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to accumulated deficit. Other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and changes in unrealized gains and losses on forward currency contracts and cross currency swaps.

Net transfers (to) from parent . Net transfers (to) from parent in the consolidated statements of cash flows and statements of shareholders' equity represent the total net effect of the settlement of intercompany transactions with TriMas.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4 . Acquisitions

On October 4, 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interest in Westfalia-Automotive Holding GmbH and TeIJs Holding B.V. (collectively, the " Westfalia Group "). The acquisition was effective October 1, 2016, and was for total consideration of approximately $141.5 million , net of cash acquired. The consideration was in the form of approximately $91.6 million paid in cash, net of cash acquired, and approximately $49.9 million paid through the issuance of 2,704,310 shares of the Company's common stock. The fair value of the common stock was $18.48 , determined based on the price of the Company's common stock on October 4, 2016, which was $19.87 , with a discount applied due to restrictions on marketability.

The Westfalia Group is a leading global towing company. Headquartered in Rheda-Wiedenbrück, Germany, with operating facilities in 11 countries, it manufactures towing and trailering products, including more than 1,700 different types of towbars, wiring kits and carrier systems for cars and light utility vehicles. The Company believes the acquisition will expand its opportunities for revenue and margin growth, increase its market share and augment its global OE footprint with access to new markets and customers.

The following table summarizes the fair value of consideration paid for the Westfalia Group , and the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:



	Acquisition Date
	(dollars in thousands)
Consideration
Cash paid, net of cash acquired	$	91,580
Issuance of common stock	49,960
Total consideration	141,540
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Receivables, net	$	19,700
Inventories	43,290
Other intangibles, net ^(a)	47,780
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,740
Property and equipment, net	47,480
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(54,150		)
Long-term debt	(59,140		)
Other long-term liabilities	(31,210		)
Total identifiable net assets	15,490
Goodwill ^(b)	126,050
	$	141,540

___________________________

^(a) Consists of approximately $33.6 million of customer relationships with an estimated useful life of 16.3 years, $3.4 million of technology and other intangible assets with an estimated useful life of 10 years and $10.8 million of trademark/trade names with an indefinite useful life.

^(b) All of the goodwill was assigned to the Company's Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segment and is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The results of operations of the Westfalia Group are included in the Company's results beginning October 1, 2016. The actual amounts of net sales and operating loss of the Westfalia Group included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2016 are $54.5 million and $9.6 million , respectively.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table summarizes the supplemental pro forma results of the combined entity as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2015. The supplemental pro forma information presented below is for informational purposes and is not necessarily indicative of either future results of operations or results that might have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated on January 1, 2015:



	Pro forma Combined ^(a)
	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	811,330		$	787,930
Net loss attributable to Horizon Global	$	(12,780	)	$	(18,350	)
Basic earnings per share attributable to Horizon Global	$	(0.61	)	$	(0.88	)
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Horizon Global	$	(0.61	)	$	(0.88	)

___________________________

^(a) The supplemental pro forma results reflect certain material adjustments, as follows:


1.	Pre-tax pro forma adjustments for inventory step-up of $6.7 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, associated with the acquisition.


2.	Pre-tax pro forma adjustments for depreciation expense of $1.4 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, on the property and equipment associated with the acquisition.


3.	Pre-tax pro forma adjustments for amortization expense of $1.4 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, on the intangible assets associated with the acquisition.


4.	Pre-tax pro forma adjustments for financing costs of $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, on the incremental debt associated with the acquisition.


5.	Pre-tax pro forma adjustments for transaction costs of $10.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, associated with the acquisition.


6.	Pre-tax pro forma adjustments of $8.1 million and $10.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, to reflect interest expense incurred on the incremental term loan and revolver borrowings incurred in order to fund the acquisition.

Total acquisition costs incurred by the Company in connection with its purchase of the Westfalia Group , primarily related to third- party legal, accounting and tax diligence fees, were approximately $10.3 million , all of which were incurred during 2016. These costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss).

5 . Facility Closures

Ciudad Juarez, Mexico and El Paso, Texas facilities

In July 2015, the Company announced plans to close its manufacturing facility in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico ("Juarez") along with its distribution warehouse in El Paso, Texas ("El Paso"). The Company completed the closure of the El Paso and Juarez sites during the second quarter of 2016. Upon the cease use date of the El Paso and Juarez facilities, the Company recorded an accrual of approximately $2.6 million for estimated future unrecoverable lease obligations, net of estimated sublease recoveries, for the lease agreements expiring in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The corresponding expense consists of $1.9 million recorded as cost of sales and $0.7 million recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss). Most of the manufacturing was relocated to the Company's existing facilities in Reynosa, Mexico. The distribution operations moved to a new warehouse facility, also in Reynosa, Mexico.

During the fourth quarter of 2016 , the Company executed sublease agreements for both locations. As of December 31, 2016 , the accrual for estimated future unrecoverable lease obligations, net of estimated sublease recoveries, is $0.7 million . For the year ended December 31, 2016 , the corresponding expense consists of $0.2 million recorded as cost of sales and $0.5 million recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss).

During the third quarter of 2015, the Company recorded charges, primarily for severance benefits for its approximately 214 hourly workers to be involuntarily terminated. These charges were approximately $0.9 million , of which $0.8 million is included in cost

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

of sales and approximately $0.1 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Also, during the third quarter of 2015, the Company recorded charges, primarily related to severance benefits for approximately 47 salaried employees to be involuntarily terminated as part of the closures of approximately $0.9 million , of which approximately $0.7 million is included in cost of sales and approximately $0.2 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The hourly and salaried severance benefits were fully paid as of December 31, 2016 .

In addition, the Company incurred pre-tax non-cash charges related to accelerated depreciation expense of $0.3 million and $0.1 million , for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. These depreciation charges are the result of shortening the expected lives on certain machinery, equipment and leasehold improvement assets that the Company will no longer utilize, as the facility closures are now complete.

6 . Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:



		Horizon Americas			Horizon Asia‑Pacific		Horizon Europe‑Africa			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2014		$	6,580		$	—	$	—		$	6,580
Foreign currency translation		(2,170		)	—		—			(2,170		)
Balances at December 31, 2015		$	4,410		$	—	$	—		$	4,410
Goodwill from acquisitions ^(a)		—			—		126,050			126,050
Foreign currency translation		960			—		(11,230		)	(10,270		)
Balances at December 31, 2016		$	5,370		$	—	$	114,820		$	120,190

__________________________

^(a) Attributable to the acquisition of the Westfalia Group, as further described in Note 4 , " Acquisitions ".

Other Intangible Assets

In May 2016, the Company made a decision to simplify its brand offering in the Horizon Americas ' reportable segment. Based on this decision, the Company no longer expects that the economic benefit of certain indefinite-lived trade names extends beyond the foreseeable future. As a result, in the second quarter of 2016, the Company determined that trade names with an aggregate carrying value of $2.4 million should be assigned finite useful lives. In accordance with ASC 350, " Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, " these trade names were first tested for impairment as indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting in non-cash intangible asset impairment charges of $2.2 million . The remaining $0.2 million was reclassified to amortizable intangible assets during the second quarter of 2016 and amortized within selling, general and administrative costs over the remainder of the year.

During the Company's annual indefinite-lived impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2016, due to the macroeconomic conditions in Brazil and declining sales and sales projections as a result of competitive pressures in the United Kingdom, the Company determined that certain trade names with an aggregate carrying value of $6.9 million were impaired. In accordance with ASC 350, " Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, " the indefinite-lived assets were tested for impairment with fair value measurements derived from a relief from royalty method, which considers projected revenue and an estimated royalty rate. It was determined that the carrying value of these trade names exceeded their estimated fair value. As a result, non-cash intangible asset impairment charges of $3.8 million and $2.4 million were recorded in the Horizon Americas and Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segments, respectively.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of the Company's other intangibles as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are summarized below. The Company amortizes these assets over periods ranging from three to 25 years.



	As of December 31, 2016					As of December 31, 2015
Intangible Category by Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
	(dollars in thousands)
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships, 5 - 12 years	$	66,000	$	(28,440	)	$	32,550	$	(26,880	)
Customer relationships, 15 - 25 years	104,690		(84,120		)	105,380		(78,180		)
Total customer relationships	170,690		(112,560		)	137,930		(105,060		)
Technology and other, 3 - 15 years	18,410		(14,560		)	14,480		(14,060		)
Trademark/Trade names, <1 year	150		(150		)	—		—
Total finite-lived intangible assets	189,250		(127,270		)	152,410		(119,120		)
Trademark/Trade names, indefinite-lived	24,740		—			22,730		—
Total other intangible assets	$	213,990	$	(127,270	)	$	175,140	$	(119,120	)

Amortization expense related to intangible assets as included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss) is summarized as follows:



	Year ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(dollars in thousands)
Technology and other, included in cost of sales	$	170	$	190	$	280
Customer relationships & Trademark/Trade names, included in selling, general and administrative expenses	7,790		7,150		7,270
Total amortization expense	$	7,960	$	7,340	$	7,550

Estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2016 is as follows:



Year ended December 31,	Estimated Amortization Expense
	(dollars in thousands)
2017	$	9,880
2018	6,760
2019	6,250
2020	6,240
2021	4,890

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

7. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following components:



	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Finished goods	$	89,410	$	83,870
Work in process	16,270		7,080
Raw materials	40,340		28,520
Total inventories	$	146,020	$	119,470

8 . Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consists of the following components:



	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Land and land improvements	$	520	$	—
Buildings	20,120		8,330
Machinery and equipment	138,470		95,860
	159,110		104,190
Less: Accumulated depreciation	65,350		58,300
Property and equipment, net	$	93,760	$	45,890

Depreciation expense as included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss) is as follows:



	Year ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(dollars in thousands)
Depreciation expense, included in cost of sales	$	8,800	$	8,210	$	9,580
Depreciation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expense	1,460		1,530		1,800
Total depreciation expense	$	10,260	$	9,740	$	11,380

9. Accrued and other long-term liabilities

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , accrued wages and bonus were approximately $16.7 million and $9.6 million , respectively. No other classification of accrued liabilities exceeded 5% of current liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 .

Other long-term liabilities consist of the following components:



	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefits and related penalties and interest	$	9,720	$	7,210
Deferred purchase price and contingent consideration	5,070		4,580
Other	15,620		7,780
Total accrued liabilities	$	30,410	$	19,570

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10 . Long-term Debt

The Company's long-term debt consists of the following:



	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Term B Loan	$	328,280	$	188,520
Bank facilities, capital leases and other long-term debt	21,660		220
	349,940		188,740
Less: Current maturities, long-term debt	22,900		10,130
Long-term debt	$	327,040	$	178,610

ABL Facility

On December 22, 2015, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan agreement among the Company, Cequent Performance Products, Inc. ("Cequent Performance"), Cequent Consumer Products, Inc. ("Cequent Consumer"), Cequent UK Limited, Cequent Towing Products of Canada Ltd., certain other subsidiaries of the Company party thereto as guarantors, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the lenders (the "ABL Loan Agreement"), under which the lenders party thereto agreed to provide the Company and certain of its subsidiaries with a committed asset-based revolving credit facility (the "ABL Facility") providing for revolving loans up to an aggregate principal amount of $99.0 million .

The ABL Loan Agreement provides for the increase of the U.S. sub-facility from an aggregate principal amount of $85.0 million to up to $94.0 million (subject to availability under a U.S.-specific borrowing base) (the "U.S. Facility"), and the establishment of two new sub-facilities, (i) a Canadian sub-facility, in an aggregate principal amount of up to $2.0 million (subject to availability under a Canadian-specific borrowing base) (the "Canadian Facility") and (ii) a U.K. sub-facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.0 million (subject to availability under a U.K.-specific borrowing base) (the "U.K. Facility"). The ABL Facility also includes a $20.0 million letter of credit sub-facility, which matures on June 30, 2020.

Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest, at the Company's election, at either (i) the Base Rate (as defined per the credit agreement, the "Base Rate") plus the Applicable Margin (as defined per the credit agreement "Applicable Margin"), or (ii) the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus the Applicable Margin.

The Company incurs fees with respect to the ABL Facility, including (i) an unused line fee of 0.25% times the amount by which the revolver commitments exceed the average daily revolver usage during any month, (ii) facility fees equal to the applicable margin in effect for LIBOR revolving loans, as defined per the credit agreement, times the average daily stated amount of letters of credit, (iii) a fronting fee equal to 0.125% per annum on the stated amount of each letter of credit and (iv) customary administrative fees.

All of the indebtedness of the U.S. Facility is and will be guaranteed by the Company's existing and future material domestic subsidiaries and is and will be secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and such guarantors. In connection with the ABL Loan Agreement, Cequent Performance and certain other subsidiaries of the Company party to the ABL Loan Agreement entered into a foreign facility guarantee and collateral agreement (the "Foreign Collateral Agreement") in order to secure and guarantee the obligation under the Canadian Facility and the U.K. Facility. Under the Foreign Collateral Agreement, Cequent Performance and the other subsidiaries of the Company party thereto granted a lien on certain of their assets to Bank of America, N.A., as the agent for the lenders and other secured parties under the Canadian Facility and U.K. Facility.

The ABL Loan Agreement contains customary negative covenants, and does not include any financial maintenance covenants other than a springing minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 on a trailing twelve-month basis, which will be tested only upon the occurrence of an event of default or certain other conditions as specified in the agreement. At December 31, 2016 , the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants contained in the ABL Facility.

Debt issuance costs of approximately $2.5 million were incurred in connection with the entry into and amendment of the ABL Facility. These debt issuance costs will be amortized into interest expense over the contractual term of the loan. The Company recognized $0.5 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, related to the amortization of debt issuance costs, which is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss). There

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

were $1.8 million and $2.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , there were no amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility. Total letters of credit issued at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $7.0 million and $6.4 million , respectively. The Company had $68.7 million and $78.6 million in availability under the ABL Facility as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively.

Term Loan

On June 30, 2015, the Company entered into a term loan agreement ("Original Term B Loan") under which the Company borrowed an aggregate of $200.0 million , which matures on June 30, 2021. On September 19, 2016, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Original Term B Loan (the "Term Loan Amendment") which amended the Term B Loan to provide for incremental commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $152.0 million (the "Incremental Term Loans"). The Original Term B Loan and Incremental Term Loans are collectively referred to as the "Term B Loan". In connection with the consummation of the acquisition of the Westfalia Group , the Company was extended the Incremental Term Loans on October 3, 2016. The Term B Loan permits the Company to request incremental term loan facilities, subject to certain conditions, in an aggregate principal amount, together with the aggregate principal amount of incremental equivalent debt incurred by the Company, of up to $75.0 million , plus an additional amount such that the Company's pro forma first lien net leverage ratio (as defined in the term loan agreement) would not exceed 3.50 to 1.00 as a result of the incurrence thereof.

Borrowings under the Term B Loan bear interest, at the Company's election, at either (i) the Base Rate plus 5% per annum, or (ii) LIBOR plus 6% per annum. Principal payments required under the Original Term B Loan agreement are $2.5 million due each calendar quarter beginning September 2015. Principal payments required under the Term Loan Amendment are $2.1 million due each calendar quarter beginning March 2017. Commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017, and for each fiscal year thereafter, the Company will also be required to make prepayments of outstanding amounts under the Term B Loan in an amount equal to 50.0% of the Company's excess cash flow for such fiscal year, as defined in the Term B Loan, subject to adjustments based on the Company's leverage ratio and optional prepayments of term loans and certain other indebtedness.

All of the indebtedness under the Term B Loan is and will be guaranteed by the Company's existing and future material domestic subsidiaries and is and will be secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and such guarantors. The Term B Loan contains customary negative covenants, and also contains a financial maintenance covenant (as amended by the Term Loan Amendment) which requires the Company to maintain a net leverage ratio not exceeding 5.25 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2017; 5.00 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2018; 4.75 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2018; and thereafter, 4.50 to 1.00 . At December 31, 2016 , the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants as described in the Term B Loan.

Debt issuance costs of approximately $3.2 million were incurred in connection with the Original Term B Loan, along with the original issue discount of $4.0 million . Additional debt issuance costs of approximately $3.8 million were incurred in connection with the Incremental Term Loans. Both the aggregate debt issuance costs and the original issue discount will be amortized into interest expense over the life of the Term B Loan. The Company recognized $1.6 million related to the amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount during the year ended December 31, 2016 , which is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss). The Company had an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $337.0 million and $195.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, under the Term B Loan bearing interest at 7.00% , and had $8.7 million and $6.5 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, of unamortized debt issuance costs and original issue discount, all of which are recorded as a reduction of the debt balance on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

The Company's Term B Loan traded at approximately 101.6% and 99.0% of par value as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . The valuation of the Term B Loan was determined based on Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 3 , " Summary of Significant Accounting Polices. "

Bank facilities

In Australia, the Company's subsidiary is party to a revolving debt facility with a borrowing capacity of approximately $10.8 million , which matures on November 30, 2017 , is subject to interest at a bank-specified rate plus 1.90% and is secured by substantially all the assets of the subsidiary. No amounts were outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 under this agreement.

Other long-term debt consists of a bank credit line that provides liquidity for supplier payments for our Netherlands subsidiary which was entered into during the first quarter of 2016. The line provides total credit of $20.0 million . The total balance outstanding

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

as of December 31, 2016 was $1.3 million , which is included in current maturities, long-term debt on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

Long-term Debt Maturities

Future maturities of the face value of long-term debt at December 31, 2016 are as follows:



December 31,	Future maturities of long-term debt
	(dollars in thousands)
2017	$	22,900
2018	20,020
2019	19,710
2020	20,100
2021	264,800
Thereafter	11,110
Total	$	358,640

11 . Derivative Instruments

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

As of December 31, 2016 , the Company was party to forward contracts to hedge changes in foreign currency exchange rates with notional amounts of approximately $34.7 million . The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the risk associated with fluctuations in currency rates impacting cash flows related to certain payments for contract manufacturing in its lower-cost manufacturing facilities. The foreign currency forward contracts hedge currency exposure between the Mexican peso and the U.S. dollar, the Thai baht and the Australian dollar and the U.S. dollar and the Australian dollar and mature at specified monthly settlement dates through December 2017. At inception, the Company designated the foreign currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges. Upon purchase of certain inventories the Company de-designates the foreign currency forward contract.

On October 4, 2016, the Company entered into a cross currency swap arrangement to hedge changes in foreign currency exchange rates with notional amounts of approximately $114.9 million . The Company uses the cross currency swap to mitigate the risk associated with fluctuations in currency rates impacting cash flows related to a non-U.S. denominated intercompany loan of €110.0 million . The cross currency swap hedges currency exposure between the Euro and the U.S. dollar and matures on January 3, 2019. The Company makes quarterly principal payments of €1.4 million , plus interest at a fixed rate of 5.4% per annum, in exchange for $1.5 million , plus interest at a fixed rate of 7.2% per annum. At inception, the Company designated the cross currency swap as a cash flow hedge. Changes in the currency rate result in reclassification of amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings to offset the re-measurement gain or loss on the non-U.S. denominated intercompany loan.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Financial Statement Presentation

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the fair value carrying amount of the Company's derivative instruments were recorded as follows:



		Asset / (Liability) Derivatives
	Balance Sheet Caption	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
		(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency forward contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	670		$	—
Foreign currency forward contracts	Accrued liabilities	(760		)	(800		)
Cross currency swap	Other assets	5,720			—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments		5,630			(800		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency forward contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—			30
Foreign currency forward contracts	Accrued liabilities	(130		)	(190		)
Total derivatives de-designated as hedging instruments		(130		)	(160		)
Total derivatives		$	5,500		$	(960	)

The following table summarizes the gain or loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") and the amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings and the amounts recognized directly into earnings as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , and for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 .



	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion, net of tax)						Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings (Effective Portion)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
	As of December 31,							As of December 31,
	2016			2015				2016			2015			2014
	(dollars in thousands)							(dollars in thousands)
Derivative instruments
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	(320	)	$	(710	)	Cost of sales	$	(1,620	)	$	(590	)	$	170
Cross currency swap	(610		)	—			Other expense, net	7,510			—			—

Over the next 12 months, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $0.1 million of pre-tax deferred losses, related to the foreign currency forward contracts, from AOCI to cost of sales as the inventory purchases are settled. Over the next 12 months, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax deferred losses, related to the cross currency swap, from AOCI to other expense, net as an offset to the re-measurement gains or losses on the non-U.S. denominated intercompany loan.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

The gain or loss resulting from the change in fair value on de-designated forward contracts is reported within cost of sales on the Company's consolidated statements of income (loss). The gain and loss on de-designated derivatives amounted to $0.3 million and $0.1 million , respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. There were no de-designated derivatives during the year ended December 31, 2014 .

During 2016 , the Company entered into forward contracts to acquire a total of €125 million , or $140.0 million , to hedge changes in foreign currency related to the cash portion of the purchase price and debt acquired of the Westfalia Group acquisition. These forward contracts were sold for approximately $140.1 million ; the resulting gain of $0.1 million is included within other expense, net in the Company's consolidated statements of income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Additionally, the Company

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

purchased a currency option to buy €55.0 million at a specified exchange rate in connection with the Westfalia Group acquisition. Upon entering the agreement the Company paid a premium of approximately $0.9 million . This option was sold for approximately $0.4 million ; the resulting loss of $0.5 million is included within other expense, net in the Company's consolidated statements of income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2016 .

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of the Company's derivatives are estimated using an income approach based on valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single, discounted amount. Estimates of the fair value of the Company's foreign currency forward contracts use observable inputs such as forward currency exchange rates. Fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy level for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are shown below.



	Frequency	Asset / (Liability)			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
		(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Foreign currency forward contracts	Recurring	$	(220	)	$	—	$	(220	)	$	—
Cross currency swap	Recurring	5,720			—		5,720			—
December 31, 2015
Foreign currency forward contracts	Recurring	$	(960	)	$	—	$	(960	)	$	—
Cross currency swap	Recurring	—			—		—			—

12. Leases

The Company leases certain equipment and facilities under non-cancellable operating leases. Rental expense for the Company totaled approximately $16.8 million in 2016 , $15.8 million in 2015 and $15.1 million in 2014 .

Minimum payments for operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancellable lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2016 are summarized below (in thousands):



December 31,	Minimum
	(dollars in thousands)
2017	$	15,670
2018	13,690
2019	10,260
2020	7,710
2021	6,460
Thereafter	6,930
Total	$	60,720

13. Equity Awards

Description of the Plan

Prior to the spin-off, certain employees of Horizon participated in the following TriMas equity incentive plans: the 2011 TriMas Corporation Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, the TriMas Corporation 2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan and the TriMas Corporation 2002 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (collectively, the "TriMas Plans") and were eligible to receive TriMas stock-based awards including stock options, restricted share awards and performance-based restricted share units. Effective June 30, 2015, Horizon employees and non-employee directors began participating in the Horizon Global Corporation 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (as amended and restated, the "Horizon 2015 Plan").

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Horizon 2015 Plan authorizes the Compensation Committee of the Horizon Board of Directors to grant stock options (including "incentive stock options" as defined in Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code), restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, cash incentive awards, and certain other awards based on or related to our common stock to Horizon employees and non-employee directors. No more than 2.0 million Horizon common shares may be delivered under the Horizon 2015 Plan, with no more than 0.5 million "replacement awards" to former holders of TriMas equity awards under the TriMas Plans.

Stock Options

On March 1, 2016, the Company granted 137,372 stock options to certain key employees, including named executive officers. These stock options have a term of ten years and vest ratably on (i) March 1, 2017, (ii) March 1, 2018 and (iii) March 1, 2019.

The following table provides the significant assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair market value of options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing method:



	March 1, 2016 Grant
Fair value per option	$	3.93
Exercise price	$	10.08
Risk-free interest rate	1.39		%
Dividend yield	0.00		%
Expected stock volatility	40.59		%
Expected life (years)	5.5

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected term was determined using the simplified method as described in Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14: "Share-Based Payment", as the Company did not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term . In the absence of adequate stock price history for Horizon common stock, the expected volatility related to stock option awards granted subsequent to the spin-off is based on the historical volatility of a selected group of peer companies' stock. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

The following summarizes Horizon stock option activity from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016 :



	Number of Stock Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	218,436		$	10.57
Granted	137,372		10.08
Exercised	(3,086	)	11.02
Canceled, forfeited	(5,137	)	10.40
Expired	—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	347,585		$	10.37	8.8	$	4,736,036

As of December 31, 2016 , there was $0.4 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. The Company recognized approximately $0.8 million and $0.2 million of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The Company recognized no compensation costs related to stock options as of December 31, 2014 . Stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss).

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Restricted Units

During 2016 , the Company granted an aggregate of 330,052 restricted stock units and performance stock units to certain key employees and non-employee directors. The total grants consisted of the following:


▪	2,375 time-based restricted stock units that vested on May 1, 2016


▪	152,113 time-based restricted stock units that vest in equal installments on March 1, 2017, March 1, 2018 and March 1, 2019


▪	20,787 time-based restricted stock units that vest on February 1, 2018


▪	40,000 time-based restricted stock units that vest on March 1, 2019


▪	68,559 market-based performance stock units that vest on March 1, 2019


▪	3,968 time-based restricted stock units that vest on March 1, 2018


▪	40,710 time-based restricted stock units that vest on July 1, 2017


▪	1,540 time-based restricted stock units that vest on August 1, 2018

The performance criteria for the market-based performance stock units is based on the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to the TSR of the common stock of a pre-defined industry peer group, measured over a period beginning January 1, 2016 and ending December 31, 2018. TSR is calculated as the Company's average closing stock price for the 20 -trading days at the end of the performance period plus Company dividends, divided by the Company's average closing stock price for the 20-trading days prior to the start of the performance period. Depending on the performance achieved, the amount of shares earned can vary from 0% of the target award to a maximum of 200% of the target award. The Company estimated the grant-date fair value of the awards subject to a market condition using a Monte Carlo simulation model, using the following weighted average assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 0.96% and annualized volatility of 34.3% . Due to the lack of adequate stock price history of Horizon common stock, the expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the common stock of the peer group. The grant date fair value of the performance stock units was $16.07 .

The grant date fair value of restricted shares is expensed over the vesting period. Restricted share fair values are based on the closing trading price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. Changes in the number of restricted shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:



	Number of Restricted Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	372,219		$	13.11
Granted	330,052		11.55
Vested	(129,827	)	14.49
Canceled, forfeited	(14,881	)	12.17
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	557,563		$	11.89

As of December 31, 2016 , there was $3.3 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted shares that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

The Company recognized approximately $3.0 million , $2.3 million and $2.7 million of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted shares during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss).

14. Earnings per Share

On June 30, 2015 , approximately 18.1 million common shares of Horizon Global were distributed to TriMas shareholders in conjunction with the spin-off. For comparative purposes, and to provide a more meaningful calculation for weighted average shares, this amount was assumed to be outstanding as of the beginning of each period presented prior to the spin-off in the calculation

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

of basic weighted average shares. Diluted earnings per share attributable to Horizon Global are calculated to give effect to stock options and restricted shares outstanding during each period.

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator of basic earnings per share attributable to Horizon Global and diluted earnings per share attributable to Horizon Global for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 :



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015		2014
	(dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Horizon Global	$	(12,360	)	$	8,300	$	15,350
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	18,775,500			18,064,491		18,062,027
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards	—			96,361		51,389
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	18,775,500			18,160,852		18,113,416

Basic earnings per share attributable to Horizon Global	$	(0.66	)	$	0.46	$	0.85
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Horizon Global	$	(0.66	)	$	0.46	$	0.85

The effect of certain common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding for years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , as inclusion would have resulted in antidilution. A summary of these antidilutive common stock equivalents is provided in the table below:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016	2015	2014
Number of options	331,485	212,088	—
Exercise price of options	$9.20-11.29	$9.20-11.29	—
Restricted stock units	526,751	—	—

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

15 . Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in AOCI by component, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 are summarized as follows:



		Derivative Instruments			Foreign Currency Translation			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2013		$	—		$	14,700		$	14,700
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period ^(a)		80			(7,240		)	(7,160		)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to net income ^(b)		150			—			150
Net current-period change		(70		)	(7,240		)	(7,310		)
Balances at December 31, 2014		$	(70	)	$	7,460		$	7,390
Net transfer from former parent		—			5,230			5,230
Net unrealized losses arising during the period ^(a)		(1,310		)	(9,510		)	(10,820		)
Less: Net realized losses reclassified to net income ^(b)		(670		)	—			(670		)
Net current-period change		(640		)	(4,280		)	(4,920		)
Balances at December 31, 2015		$	(710	)	$	3,180		$	2,470
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period ^(a)		3,170			(10,590		)	(7,420		)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to net income ^(b)		3,390			—			3,390
Net current-period change		(220		)	$	(10,590	)	(10,810		)
Balances at December 31, 2016		$	(930	)	$	(7,410	)	$	(8,340	)

__________________________

^(a) Derivative instruments, net of income tax benefit (expense) of $(2.5) million , $0.1 million , and $20 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. See Note 11 , " Derivative Instruments ," for further details.

^(b) Derivative instruments, net of income tax benefit (expense) of $(2.5) million , $(0.8) million , and $20 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. See Note 11 , " Derivative Instruments ," for further details.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

16 . Segment Information

Horizon groups its operating segments into reportable segments by the region in which sales and manufacturing efforts are focused. Each operating segment has discrete financial information evaluated regularly by the Company's chief operating decision maker in determining resource allocation and assessing performance. In the fourth quarter of 2016, as a result of the Westfalia Group acquisition, the Company realigned its executive management structure which changed the information used by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and allocate resources. As a result, the Company reports the results of its business in three reportable segments: Horizon Americas , Horizon Asia‑Pacific , and Horizon Europe‑Africa . The Company's Brazilian operations, which has previously been included in the Horizon International reportable segment, is now managed as part of its former Horizon North America segment which has been renamed Horizon Americas. The Company's former Horizon International reportable segment, excluding the Brazilian operations, was geographically divided into two separate reportable segments. The Company's Horizon Asia‑Pacific reportable segment is comprised of the Australia, Thailand, and New Zealand operations previously included in Horizon International. The Company's Horizon Europe‑Africa reportable segment is comprised of the European and South African operations, previously included in Horizon International, and the Westfalia Group operations. The Company has recast prior period amounts to conform to the way it currently manages and monitors segment performance under the new segments. See below for further information regarding the types of products and services provided within each reportable segment.

Horizon Americas - A market leader in the design, manufacture and distribution of a wide variety of high-quality, custom engineered towing, trailering and cargo management products and related accessories. These products are designed to support OEMs, OESs, aftermarket and retail customers in the agricultural, automotive, construction, industrial, marine, military, recreational vehicle, trailer and utility end markets. Products include brake controllers, cargo management, heavy-duty towing products, jacks and couplers, protection/securing systems, trailer structural and electrical components, tow bars, vehicle roof racks, vehicle trailer hitches and additional accessories.

Horizon Asia‑Pacific - With a product offering similar to Horizon Americas , Horizon Asia‑Pacific focuses its sales and manufacturing efforts in the Asia Pacific region of the world.

Horizon Europe‑Africa - With a product offering similar to Horizon Americas , Horizon Europe‑Africa focuses its sales and manufacturing efforts in the Europe and Africa regions of the world.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Segment activity is as follows:



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(dollars in thousands)
Net Sales
Horizon Americas	$	443,240		$	429,310		$	446,670
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	101,880			95,270			110,970
Horizon Europe‑Africa	104,080			50,930			54,140
Total	$	649,200		$	575,510		$	611,780
Operating Profit (Loss)
Horizon Americas	$	38,680		$	30,300		$	30,810
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	11,230			7,650			8,970
Horizon Europe‑Africa	(13,320		)	(100		)	(1,320		)
Corporate	(30,290		)	(18,280		)	(14,000		)
Total	$	6,300		$	19,570		$	24,460
Capital Expenditures
Horizon Americas	$	5,550		$	5,970		$	4,530
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	3,310			1,360			4,480
Horizon Europe‑Africa	4,670			690			2,430
Corporate	1,010			300			—
Total	$	14,540		$	8,320		$	11,440
Depreciation and Amortization
Horizon Americas	$	10,750		$	10,750		$	11,410
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	4,090			4,130			4,830
Horizon Europe‑Africa	3,290			2,070			2,690
Corporate	90			130			—
Total	$	18,220		$	17,080		$	18,930



	As of December 31,
	2016		2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Total Assets
Horizon Americas	$	197,840	$	220,150
Horizon Asia‑Pacific	61,920		54,390
Horizon Europe - Africa	299,500		34,970
Corporate	54,110		22,070
Total	$	613,370	$	331,580

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following tables present the Company's net sales for each of the years ended December 31 and net fixed assets at each year ended December 31, attributed to each subsidiary's continent of domicile. Other than Australia, there was no single non-U.S. country for which net sales were significant to the combined net sales of the Company taken as a whole. Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia are the only countries in which the net fixed assets are significant to the net fixed assets of the Company taken as a whole.



	Year ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(dollars in thousands)
Net Sales
Total U.S.	$	428,770	$	412,500	$	424,090
Non-U.S.
Australia	60,020		73,640		87,010
Europe	91,870		39,490		45,340
Asia	41,940		21,630		23,960
Africa	12,130		11,440		8,800
Other Americas	14,470		16,810		22,580
Total non-U.S	220,430		163,010		187,690
Total	$	649,200	$	575,510	$	611,780



	As of December 31,
	2016		2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Net Fixed Assets
Total U.S.	$	4,700	$	4,830
Non-U.S.
Australia	11,120		11,640
Germany	41,940		2,680
United Kingdom	17,450		16,460
Other Europe	5,690		(40		)
Asia	5,220		5,020
Africa	4,970		2,270
Other Americas	2,670		3,030
Total non-U.S	89,060		41,060
Total	$	93,760	$	45,890

The Company's export sales from the U.S. approximated $32.6 million , $33.8 million and $38.0 million for the years ended 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively.

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table presents the Company's net sales contributed by product group for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 .



	Year ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Towing	62.7	%	58.1	%	58.2	%
Trailering	21.5	%	23.8	%	24.4	%
Cargo Management	8.9	%	9.5	%	10.6	%
Other	6.9	%	8.6	%	6.8	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

17 . Income Taxes

The Company's income before income taxes and income tax expense, each by tax jurisdiction, consisted of the following:



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(dollars in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Domestic	$	(14,630	)	$	(9,750	)	$	5,170
Foreign	(1,760		)	16,770			15,420
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(16,390	)	$	7,020		$	20,590
Current income tax benefit (expense):
Federal	$	(1,170	)	$	550		$	(4,690	)
State and local	(970		)	(610		)	(450		)
Foreign	(2,560		)	(3,580		)	(2,820		)
Total current income tax expense	(4,700		)	(3,640		)	(7,960		)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense):
Federal	3,800			3,840			2,880
State and local	450			(40		)	80
Foreign	4,180			1,120			(240		)
Total deferred income tax benefit	8,430			4,920			2,720
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	3,730		$	1,280		$	(5,240	)

The components of deferred taxes at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:



	As of December 31,
	2016			2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Receivables, net	$	1,440		$	1,080
Inventories	6,300			3,640
Property and equipment, net	—			100
Accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities	13,670			12,260
Tax loss and credit carryforwards	6,070			4,570
Gross deferred tax asset	27,480			21,650
Valuation allowances	(7,220		)	(4,420		)
Net deferred tax asset	20,260			17,230
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment, net	(5,230		)	—
Goodwill and other intangibles, net	(30,250		)	(14,530		)
Other	(1,140		)	(1,110		)
Gross deferred tax liability	(36,620		)	(15,640		)
Net deferred tax (liability) asset	$	(16,360	)	$	1,590

The Company has an on-going analysis against certain deferred tax assets in the U.S. Based on positive evidence and economic outlook, the Company maintains it is more likely than not the U.S. deferred tax assets will be realized and therefore does not require a valuation allowance as of December 31, 2016 .

The following is a reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense:



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. federal statutory rate	35		%	35		%	35		%
Tax at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(5,730	)	$	2,460		$	7,210
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit	340			650			240
Differences in statutory foreign tax rates	(1,230		)	(4,350		)	(4,950		)
Unrecognized tax benefits	(1,260		)	(2,950		)	720
Tax holiday ⁽¹⁾	(460		)	(1,190		)	(410		)
Thin Cap	260
Withholding taxes	300			590			460
Tax credits	70			(300		)	(370		)
Net change in valuation allowance	1,600			1,480			1,790
Spin-off related restructuring costs	—			2,450			—
Transaction Costs	2,670
Other, net	(290		)	(120		)	550
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	(3,730	)	$	(1,280	)	$	5,240

__________________________

⁽¹⁾ Tax holiday related to Thailand which expires on December 31, 2017.

The Company has recorded deferred tax assets on $0.5 million of various state operating loss carryforwards and $21.2 million of various foreign operating loss carryforwards. The majority of the state tax loss carryforwards expire between 2025 - 2028 and

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

the majority foreign losses have indefinite carryforward periods.

Prior to the spin-off June 30, 2015, cash payments for federal and state income taxes were made by our former parent on behalf of the Company. Subsequent to the spin-off, the Company made cash payments for federal and state income taxes of $0.3 million during 2015 . The Company made cash payments for federal and state income taxes of $2.2 million during 2016 . Cash payments for foreign income taxes $2.6 million , $2.8 million , and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 respectively.

In general, it is the practice and intention of the Company to reinvest the earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company has not made a provision for U.S. or additional non-U.S. withholding taxes on approximately $51.6 million of the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries that are considered to be permanently reinvested. Generally, such amounts become subject to U.S. taxation upon remittance of dividends and under certain other circumstances. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability related to investments in these non-U.S. subsidiaries.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The Company has approximately $8.9 million and $4.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits (“UTBs”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. If the unrecognized tax benefits were recognized, the impact to the Company’s effective tax rate would be to reduce reported income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 approximately $8.9 million and $4.5 million , respectively.

A reconciliation of the change in the UTBs and related accrued interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:



	Unrecognized Tax Benefits
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2014	$	9,960
Tax positions related to current year:
Reductions	(60		)
Tax positions related to prior years:
Additions	—
Reductions	(2,030		)
Settlements	—
Lapses in the statutes of limitations	(3,300		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	4,570
Tax positions related to current year:
Additions	1,690
Reductions	—
Tax positions related to prior years:
Additions	2,870
Reductions	—
Settlements	—
Lapses in the statutes of limitations	(1,120		)
Cumulative Translation Adjustment	840
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	8,850

We recognize interest accrued related to UTBs and penalties as income tax expense. Related to the unrecognized tax benefits noted above, the Company has accrued penalties and interest of $(0.2) million during 2016 and recognized a liability for interest and penalties of $5.6 million as of December 31, 2016 . During 2015 , the Company has accrued penalties and interest of $0.2 million

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

and recognized a liability for interest and penalties of $4.5 million . During 2014, the Company has accrued penalties and interest of $0.7 million .

The increase in UTBs and liabilities for interest and penalties for tax positions related to prior years is primarily due to certain positions that were identified as part of the due diligence regarding the acquisition of the Westfalia Group.

Income tax returns are filed in multiple domestic and foreign jurisdictions, which are subject to examinations by taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company is subject to U.S. federal tax examination for tax years 2013 through 2016 . The Company is subject to state, local and foreign income tax examinations for tax years 2009 through 2016 . The Company does not believe that the results of these examinations will have a significant impact on the Company's tax position or its effective tax rate.

Management monitors changes in tax statutes and regulations and the issuance of judicial decisions to determine the potential impact to unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company estimated that approximately $4.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits in foreign jurisdictions is expected to be released in the next twelve months.

18. Summary Quarterly Financial Data



	Three months ended
	March 31, 2016		June 30, 2016		September 30, 2016		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited, dollars in thousands, except for per share data)
Net sales	$	146,110	$	167,760	$	151,720	$	183,610
Gross profit	$	37,610	$	45,710	$	42,510	$	34,520
Net income (loss)	$	2,190	$	7,330	$	370	$	(22,550	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Horizon Global	$	2,190	$	7,330	$	370	$	(22,250	)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Horizon Global:
Basic	$	0.12	$	0.40	$	0.02	$	(1.07	)
Diluted	$	0.12	$	0.40	$	0.02	$	(1.07	)



	Three months ended
	March 31, 2015		June 30, 2015		September 30, 2015		December 31, 2015
	(unaudited, dollars in thousands, except for per share data)
Net sales	$	142,360	$	158,540	$	153,340	$	121,270
Gross profit	$	35,300	$	37,750	$	37,760	$	32,230
Net income (loss)	$	1,480	$	2,200	$	6,350	$	(1,730	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Horizon Global	$	1,480	$	2,200	$	6,350	$	(1,730	)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Horizon Global:
Basic	$	0.08	$	0.12	$	0.35	$	(0.10	)
Diluted	$	0.08	$	0.12	$	0.35	$	(0.10	)

19. Subsequent Events

On February 1, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 4.6 million shares of common stock, which includes the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase 0.6 million shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $18.50 per share (the "Common Stock Offering"). Proceeds from the Common Stock Offering were approximately $79.7 million , net of underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering-related transaction costs.

Concurrently, the Company completed a public offering of $125.0 million aggregate principal amount, which includes the exercise in full by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase an additional $15.0 million principal amount, of 2.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the " Convertible Notes" and the "Convertible Notes Offering", respectively). The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on July 1, 2017. The Convertible Notes will mature on July 1, 2022, unless earlier converted in accordance with the terms prior

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HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

to such date. The Convertible Notes are convertible on the business day immediately preceding January 1, 2022 only upon the occurrence of certain specified events. On or after January 1, 2022, holders of the Convertible Notes may convert their Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at its election. The conversion rate for the Convertible Notes is initially 40.04 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $24.98 per share of common stock), subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms. Proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering were approximately $119.2 million , net of underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering-related transaction costs.

The Company used the net proceeds of the Common Stock Offering, along with a portion of the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering, to repay $177.0 million of existing indebtedness under the Term B Loan. In connection with the pricing of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into Convertible Note hedge transactions with affiliates of certain underwriters of the Convertible Notes Offering (the "option counterparties"). The Company also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering to pay the cost of the Convertible Note hedge transactions. The Convertible Note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Company's common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be. The Company used the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), for the Company. Under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 based on the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in "Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)." In October 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of the Westfalia Group and is currently integrating the Westfalia Group into its operations, compliance programs and internal control processes. As permitted by Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules and regulations, the Company has excluded the Westfalia Group from management's evaluation of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. The Westfalia Group represented 43.1% of the Company's assets as of December 31, 2016, 8.4% of net sales and 64.0% of net loss attributable to Horizon Global for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Based on its evaluation, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016 .

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Excluding the impact of the Westfalia Group, there was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2016 , that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. The Company is integrating the Westfalia Group into its operations, compliance programs and internal control processes. As permitted by SEC rules and regulations, the Company has excluded the Westfalia Group from management's evaluation of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 .

Item 9B. Other Information

Not applicable.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by Item 10 regarding our directors and corporate governance matters is incorporated by reference herein to the Proxy Statement sections entitled " Proposal 1 - Election of Directors" and "Corporate Governance ." The information required by Item 10 regarding our executive officers appears as a supplementary item following Item 4 under Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the title "Executive Officers of the Company." The information required by Item 10 regarding compliance with section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is incorporated by reference herein to the Proxy Statement section entitled " Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance ."

The Spirit and The Letter. Effective as of July 1, 2015, the Board adopted the Company’s code of conduct, titled “The Spirit and The Letter”, that applies to all directors and employees, including the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and other persons performing similar executive management functions. The Spirit and The Letter is posted on the Company’s website, www.horizonglobal.com , in the Corporate Governance subsection of the Investor Relations section. All amendments to The Spirit and The Letter, if any, will be also posted on the Company’s website, along with all waivers, if any, of The Spirit and The Letter involving senior officers.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Director Compensation

The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing director compensation and making recommendations to the Board with respect to that compensation, as appropriate. The Compensation Committee and Board believe that directors should receive a mix of cash and equity over their tenure. The combination of cash and equity compensation is intended to provide incentives for directors to continue to serve on the Board and to attract new directors with outstanding qualifications.

Annual Cash Retainer and Meeting Fees. Each independent director is paid an annual cash retainer of $80,000. The independent co-chair of the Board and the chairs of each of the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Governance and Nominating ("Governance") Committees are paid an additional annual cash retainer in the amounts of $50,000, $15,000, $10,000 and $5,000, respectively. The annual cash retainers described above will be prorated to reflect any partial year of service. Additionally, each director is paid $1,000 per Board or committee meeting attended. Directors who are also employees of the Company are not paid any additional compensation for serving as directors.

Equity Compensation. As part of the independent directors’ annual compensation package, each independent director receives an annual grant of restricted stock units with a grant date fair market value of $80,000, with each grant generally subject to such director’s continued service on the Board, and a vesting period of one year. Directors who are also employees of the Company do not receive any additional equity compensation for serving as directors.

Director Stock Ownership. We have established stock ownership guidelines for our independent directors to more closely align their interests with those of the Company’s stockholders. Under these guidelines, our independent directors are required to own, within five years after initial election to the Board as an independent director, shares of Company stock having a value equal to or greater than three times their annual cash retainer (excluding any additional retainers for Board and committee chair service). Unrestricted stock, time-based restricted stock, time-based restricted stock units and vested in-the-money options are counted toward fulfillment of this ownership requirement. Compliance under these guidelines for independent directors’ stock ownership requirements will be required by July 1, 2020 at the earliest. If an independent director does not meet the stock ownership guidelines, the Compensation Committee may consider such fact when determining the award of future equity awards to such director.

Indemnification. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors. These agreements require the Company to indemnify such individuals for certain liabilities to which they may become subject as a result of their affiliation with the Company.

Other. The Company reimburses all directors for expenses incurred when attending Board and committee meetings. The Company does not provide any perquisites to directors.

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2016 Director Compensation Table



Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash		Stock Awards ^(a)		Total
Denise Ilitch ^(b)	$	130,277	$	79,995	$	210,272
David C. Dauch	$	97,000	$	79,995	$	176,995
Richard L. DeVore	$	114,000	$	79,995	$	193,995
Scott G. Kunselman ^(c)	$	87,777	$	106,690	$	194,467
Richard D. Siebert	$	99,000	$	79,995	$	178,995
Samuel Valenti III	$	122,000	$	79,995	$	201,995

__________________________

(a)

The amounts in this column reflect the grant date fair value (computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification, or FASB ASC, Topic 718) of the restricted stock unit awards made to our non-employee directors during 2016. Ms. Ilitch and Messrs. Dauch, DeVore, Kunselman, Siebert and Valenti each received 6,785 restricted stock units effective on July 1, 2016. These awards were granted under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (“2015 Plan”) and vest on July 1, 2017, generally subject to a service requirement.


(b)	Ms. Ilitch became co-chair of the Board effective July 1, 2016, replacing Mr. Valenti, who stepped down as co-chair of the Board effective June 30, 2016.

(c)

Mr. Kunselman was appointed to the Board on March 8, 2016, and his cash fees for 2016 were pro-rated to reflect his mid-year appointment. On March 15, 2016, Mr. Kunselman received an award of 2,375 restricted stock units, representing his period of Board service from March 8, 2016 through June 30, 2016, which restricted stock units vested in full on May 1, 2016; this award was in addition to the 6,785 restricted stock units that were granted to Mr. Kunselman on July 1, 2016. On August 17, 2016, Mr. Kunselman was appointed as chair of the Compensation Committee, replacing Ms. Ilitch, who stepped down as Compensation Committee chair effective August 16, 2016.

The table below sets forth as to each non-employee director the aggregate number of restricted stock units outstanding as of December 31, 2016:



Name		Restricted Stock Unit Awards
Denise Ilitch		6,785
David C. Dauch		6,785
Richard L. DeVore		6,785
Scott G. Kunselman		6,785
Richard D. Siebert		6,785
Samuel Valenti III		6,785

Corporate Governance

The Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines. These guidelines address, among other things, director responsibilities, qualifications (including independence), compensation and access to management and advisors. The Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing and reviewing these guidelines and recommending any changes to the Board.

A copy of the Company’s committee charters, Corporate Governance Guidelines and The Spirit and The Letter will be sent to any stockholder, without charge, upon written request sent to the Company’s executive offices: Horizon Global Corporation, Attention: Legal Director, Chief Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary, 2600 West Big Beaver Road, Suite 555, Troy, Michigan 48084.

Communicating with the Board

Any stockholder or interested party who desires to communicate with the Board or any specific director, including the Co-Chairs, non-management directors, or committee members, may write to: Horizon Global Corporation, Attention: Board of Directors, 2600 West Big Beaver Road, Suite 555, Troy, Michigan 48084.

Depending on the subject matter of the communication, management will:


▪	forward the communication to the director or directors to whom it is addressed (matters addressed to the Chair of the Audit Committee will be forwarded unopened directly to the co-chairs);


▪	attempt to handle the inquiry directly where the communication does not appear to require direct attention by the Board or an individual member, e.g., the communication is a request for information about the Company or is a stock-related matter; or


▪	not forward the communication if it is primarily commercial in nature or if it relates to an improper or irrelevant topic.

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To submit concerns regarding accounting matters, stockholders, employees and other interested persons may also call the Company’s applicable toll free, hotline number (for US callers: (844) 472-2428) published at www.horizonglobal.com in the Corporate Governance subsection of the Investor Relations section, in the document entitled “Reporting a Concern”. Concerns may be expressed on a confidential and anonymous basis.

Communications made through the hotline are reviewed by the Audit Committee at each regularly scheduled meeting; other communications will be made available to directors at any time upon their request.

Executive Compensation

Introduction

As an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act of 2012, we have opted to comply with the executive compensation disclosure rules applicable to “smaller reporting companies,” which rules require compensation disclosure for our principal executive officer and the two most highly compensated executive officers (other than our principal executive officer) serving as executive officers at the end of the fiscal year. This section provides information about the executive compensation program in place for the Company’s 2016 named executive officers ("NEOs"), who are:


▪	A. Mark Zeffiro - President and Chief Executive Officer;


▪	David G. Rice - Chief Financial Officer; and


▪	Jay Goldbaum - Legal Director, Chief Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary.

The information provided for 2015 reflects compensation earned at TriMas prior to our spin-off from TriMas as an independent, publicly traded company (up to immediately prior to the spin-off) and the Company (immediately following the spin-off through the end of 2015). All 2016 executive compensation decisions for our NEOs were made or overseen by the Compensation Committee.

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2016 Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth compensation information for 2015 and 2016 for our NEOs:



Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary		Bonus ^(a)		Stock Awards ^(b)		Option Awards ^(c)		Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ^(d)		All Other Compensation ^(e)		Total
A. Mark Zeffiro, President and Chief Executive Officer	2016	$	600,000	$	600,000	$	1,190,700	$	262,500	$	957,000	$	128,902	$	3,739,102
A. Mark Zeffiro, President and Chief Executive Officer	2015	$	536,335	$	—	$	1,476,204	$	481,771	$	599,200	$	112,950	$	3,206,460
David G. Rice, Chief Financial Officer	2016	$	290,000	$	200,000	$	195,750	$	65,250	$	258,390	$	67,797	$	1,077,187
David G. Rice, Chief Financial Officer	2015	$	264,819	$	50,000	$	224,371	$	41,603	$	146,800	$	35,292	$	762,885
Jay Goldbaum, Legal Director	2016	$	220,000	$	150,000	$	66,000	$	22,000	$	135,080	$	40,887	$	633,967
Jay Goldbaum, Legal Director	2015	$	178,042	$	65,000	$	109,086	$	15,854	$	87,670	$	20,717	$	476,369

__________________________

(a)

Amounts in this column for 2016 represent discretionary cash bonuses for the NEOs that were approved by the Compensation Committee on December 13, 2016 in recognition of the Company’s successful completion of the acquisition of Westfalia-Automotive Holding GmbH and TeIJs Holding B.V. (the “Westfalia Acquisition”), and the valuable contributions provided by each of the NEOs above and beyond normal time and effort in helping to achieve the Company’s goals, objectives and milestones for 2016. The amount reported for Mr. Rice was previously overreported as $250,000 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2016. See “Bonus Compensation” below for more information about these awards.

(b)

All 2016 awards in this column relate to restricted stock units granted under the 2015 Plan, which awards were calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. On March 1, 2016, each NEO received time-based restricted stock unit awards generally intended to vest ratably over a three-year period. In addition, on March 1, 2016, Mr. Zeffiro received an award of time-based restricted stock units generally intended to vest in full on March 1, 2019. On March 1, 2016, each NEO also received an award of performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) that is generally subject to a three-year performance period. For more information regarding the PSU awards, see “2016 Long-Term Incentive Program” below. For PSUs, the values reported represent the probable outcome of the performance conditions. Assuming that the highest level of performance of the applicable performance conditions is achieved, the grant date fair value of the PSUs would be as follows: $525,000 for Mr. Zeffiro, $130,500 for Mr. Rice, and $44,000 for Mr. Goldbaum.

(c)

All 2016 awards in this column relate to stock options granted under the 2015 Plan. On March 1, 2016, each NEO was granted stock options, with a ten-year term and generally scheduled to vest ratably over a three-year period. The table reflects the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 for this award. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts for 2016 are included in Note 13, “Equity Awards,” included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


(d)	Short-term incentive plan payments are made in the year subsequent to which they were earned. Short-term incentive amounts earned for 2016 were approved by the Compensation Committee on January 25, 2017. See “2016 Short-Term Incentive Compensation Plan” below for more information about these awards.

(e)

This column includes flexible cash allowances, Company contributions to retirement and 401(k) plans, Company payment of supplemental long-term disability coverage payments and Company payment for executive physicals for the NEOs. Specifically, in 2016: (i) Mr. Zeffiro received a flexible cash allowance of $55,000, while Messrs. Rice and Goldbaum each received a flexible cash allowance of $25,000; (ii) Company contributions during 2016 into the 401(k) plans were $20,309 for Mr. Zeffiro, $20,309 for Mr. Rice, and $10,796 for Mr. Goldbaum; (iii) Company contributions during 2016 for the executive retirement program were $51,075 for Mr. Zeffiro, $18,525 for Mr. Rice, and $4,394 for Mr. Goldbaum; (iv) Company payments for supplemental long-term disability coverage in 2016 were $2,518 for Mr. Zeffiro, $1,958 for Mr. Rice and $698 for Mr. Goldbaum; and (v) Company payments for executive physicals for the NEOs were $0 for Mr. Zeffiro, $2,005 for Mr. Rice and $0 for Mr. Goldbaum.

2016 Named Executive Officer Compensation Program Description

Executive Compensation Program Objectives

The Compensation Committee believes that the Company’s NEO compensation program should be aimed at accomplishing five key objectives:


▪	Help attract and retain high-caliber executive talent needed to develop and execute the Company’s strategy;


▪	Align executives’ interests with overall corporate goals and objectives, core values and shareholder interests;


▪	Motivate and incentivize executives to achieve financial and strategic objectives;


▪	Reinforce consistent attainment of above-market performance; and


▪	Balance short-term performance with long-term value creation.

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Executive Compensation Practices

The table below highlights certain key features of our current NEO compensation program. The Company believes that these features demonstrate our commitment to serve our stockholders’ interests and drive NEO performance.



What We Do (Practices We Have Implemented)				What We Don’t Do (Practices We Have Not Implemented)
Review competitive market data sourced from a peer group of companies and compensation databases or tools to understand the market for executive compensation decisions				Do not have employment contracts with any of our NEOs
Maintain policies prohibiting executives from hedging Company stock and limiting executives’ ability to pledge Company stock				Do not maintain compensation programs that we believe create risks reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company
Maintain strong stock ownership guidelines for executives (five times base salary for CEO; three times base salary for other NEOs)				Do not provide excise tax gross-ups upon a change in control
Use different metrics for annual and long-term incentive compensation				Do not discount, reload or reprice stock options without stockholder approval
Obtain advice for the Compensation Committee from an external, independent compensation consultant				Do not grant equity awards that provide for “single-trigger” vesting upon a change in control
Utilize both time-vesting and performance-based equity compensation as part of the Company’s long-term incentive program				Do not provide dividends or dividend equivalents on unearned performance-based equity awards
Offer limited perquisites or personal benefits that we believe provide a benefit to the Company’s business
Provide reasonable post-employment and change in control protections
Maintain a “clawback” policy and include clawback provisions in long-term incentive awards

Overview of Key 2016 Program Elements

The main elements of the Company’s 2016 compensation structure for our NEOs and a description of each element are provided below:



Element	Nature	Description
Base Salary	Fixed	Fixed compensation component payable in cash; reviewed annually and subject to adjustment
Short-Term Incentive (“STI”) Compensation Plan Awards	Variable	STI paid in cash based on performance against annually established goals
Long-Term Incentive (“LTI”) Plan Awards	Variable	LTI equity-based awards include restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and stock options covering Company common stock
Retirement and Welfare Benefits	Fixed	Retirement plans, health care and insurance benefits
Perquisites and Personal Benefits	Fixed	Flexible cash allowance, supplemental long-term disability coverage and executive physicals

Role of Independent Consultant

The Compensation Committee has retained the services of an external independent executive compensation consultant, Meridian Compensation Partners, LLC (“Meridian”), to work for the Compensation Committee in its review of executive and non-employee director compensation practices, including the competitiveness of pay levels, executive compensation design matters, market trends, and technical considerations.

At no time has the Compensation Committee directed Meridian to perform its services in any particular manner, or to use any particular methodology.

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The Compensation Committee has the final authority to hire and terminate the consultant, and the Compensation Committee will evaluate the consultant annually. Pursuant to SEC rules, the Compensation Committee has assessed the independence of Meridian and in 2016 the Compensation Committee concluded that no conflict of interest exists that would prevent Meridian from independently representing the Compensation Committee. Meridian does not provide any consulting advice to the Company, or any of its subsidiaries, outside the scope of executive compensation and will not do so without the prior consent of the Compensation Committee chair. Meridian meets with the Compensation Committee chair and the Compensation Committee outside the presence of management.

Market Compensation Data Analysis

Meridian provides the Company with external pay comparison data. The Compensation Committee recognizes that over-reliance on external comparisons can be of concern, and the Compensation Committee is mindful of the value and limitations of comparative data. Therefore, although the Compensation Committee uses comparative data from Meridian as one input in making its NEO compensation decisions, such data is not the primary factor in the decision-making process.

In determining 2016 compensation levels for the Company’s NEOs, the Compensation Committee asked Meridian to conduct a competitive market assessment in January 2016. This study compared the Company’s NEO compensation to a combination of publicly-traded peer group companies and survey data using Equilar’s TrueView tool and Mercer’s Executive Compensation Database. However, at no time were the specific entities included in either the TrueView tool or the Executive Compensation Database material to the utilization of such resources.

For Messrs. Zeffiro and Rice, only peer group compensation was used in evaluating the competitiveness of their compensation and making decisions relative to market. For Mr. Goldbaum, a combination of the Equilar and Mercer information was used to help determine his compensation. In the case of all three NEOs, however, the Compensation Committee used these market assessments as only one input into its compensation decisions; the Compensation Committee also considered other factors including, but not limited to, each NEOs’ time in his particular role, experience, education and past performance and, to a much lesser extent, internal compensation equity considerations.

For these purposes, the Compensation Committee worked with Meridian to identify an appropriate compensation peer group for 2016. For this purpose, Meridian prepared a list of potential peer companies that were publicly traded and relatively comparable in size to the Company based on trailing 12-month sales, assets, trailing 12-month earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net income and market capitalization (the Company ranked in the 37 ^th percentile, 20 ^th percentile, 26 ^th percentile, 30 ^th percentile and 19 ^th percentile, respectively, for these considerations), with an emphasis on companies in the following industries: (1) automotive parts and equipment; (2) construction machinery and heavy trucks; and (3) electrical components and equipment.

The Compensation Committee used the peer group for Messrs. Zeffiro and Rice for the following purposes with respect to its 2016 NEO compensation decisions:


▪	Total target compensation was guided by the peer group composite;


▪	Annual and long-term incentive plan design was evaluated (for example, performance metrics and weightings and usage of equity-based awards); and


▪	Equity dilution and run rate levels were evaluated.

Ultimately, the Compensation Committee approved the following peer group of 19 companies for fiscal year 2016:



AMETEK, INC.	GENTHERM INCORPORATED	STRATTEC SECURITY CORPORATION
DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC.	MANITEX INTERNATIONAL, INC.	SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.	MOTORCAR PARTS OF AMERICA, INC.	SUPREME INDUSTRIES, INC.
DREW INDUSTRIES INCORPORATED	SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.	WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION
FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION	SPARTAN MOTORS, INC.	WABCO HOLDINGS INC.
FOX FACTORY HOLDING CORP.	STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC.
GENTEX CORPORATION	STONERIDGE, INC.

As the Company’s budgeted revenue for 2016 positioned the Company on the lower end of our peer group based on size, Meridian used a regression analysis to report on the peer group pay data based on our budgeted revenue for the year. Based on Meridian’s recommendation, the Compensation Committee determined to review our selected peers and the use of this approach for future competitive market assessments. The Company generally intends to review and evaluate the peer group annually based on trailing 12-month performance.

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Key 2016 Named Executive Officer Compensation Components and Decisions

A description of the material elements of the 2016 executive compensation program for our NEOs is provided in the following paragraphs.

2016 Base Salary

Base salaries for our NEOs are generally established based on the scope of their responsibilities, prior relevant experience and skills, and competitive market pay levels. For 2016, the Compensation Committee considered whether to grant merit increases and/or merit-based adjustments to the Company’s NEOs. In doing so, it considered several factors consisting of individual responsibilities, Company and individual performance, experience and alignment with market levels. The table below reflects the base salary adjustment that was implemented for 2016.



Name	July 1, 2015 Base Salary Rate		January 1, 2016 Base Salary Rate		Percent Increase
A. Mark Zeffiro	$	600,000	$	600,000	—	%
David G. Rice	$	290,000	$	290,000	—	%
Jay Goldbaum	$	200,000	$	220,000	10.0	%

With respect to 2016, Mr. Goldbaum received a base salary increase from $200,000 to $220,000 to better align with competitive market practice. The base salaries of Messrs. Zeffiro and Rice were not changed for 2016.

2016 Short-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

The goal of STI compensation is to support our overall business objectives by aligning performance with the interests of stockholders and focusing attention on the key measures of success. STI compensation is designed to accomplish this goal by providing the opportunity for additional cash rewards when pre-established performance goals are achieved. STI awards are provided under our 2015 Plan. The 2016 STI compensation for our NEOs is described below.

Target Awards

2016 STI target award opportunities were provided to our NEOs at the beginning of 2016. Each of our NEOs received a 2016 STI target award opportunity that was expressed as a percentage of base salary.

The NEOs’ 2016 STI target award opportunities were established by the Compensation Committee and based on (1) financial performance metrics and targets for 2016 at the Company-wide level (the “Financial Performance Measures”) and (2) individual 2016 strategic initiatives for each NEO (the “Strategic Objectives”). Depending on the performance results achieved, the NEOs’ actual awards generally could vary as a percent of target from 0% to a maximum of 200%.

2016 STI target awards are shown in the following chart:



Name	2016 Target STI Award Amount		Target Award as a % of January 1, 2016 Base Salary
A. Mark Zeffiro	$	600,000	100.0	%
David G. Rice	$	174,000	60.0	%
Jay Goldbaum	$	88,000	40.0	%

Financial Performance Measures

The Financial Performance Measures (which comprise 80% of the 2016 STI target award opportunities) consisted of the following metrics:

▪

Recurring Operating Profit Margin - 50%. This metric provides for rewards based on the Company’s performance in consolidated recurring operating profit margin. For purposes of this computation, recurring operating profit margin means earnings before interest, taxes and other income/expense, excluding certain non-recurring charges (cash and non-cash) associated with business restructuring, cost savings projects and asset impairments (recurring operating profit), as a percentage of sales.

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▪

Recurring Cash Flow - 30%. This metric provides for rewards based on the Company’s recurring cash flow, which is the sum of the Company’s recurring operating profit (defined above), adjusted (1) up or down for other income/expense, (2) up or down for changes in working capital, (3) upward for depreciation and amortization, and (4) downward for capital expenditures, cash interest and cash taxes.

The specific Financial Performance Measures used for the 2016 STI awards and actual achievements were as follows:



			Target Performance
Financial Performance Measure	Weighting		Threshold (40% Payout)			Target (100% Payout)			Maximum (200% Payout)			Actual Performance			Percentage of Incentive Earned
Recurring Operating Profit Margin	50.0	%	5.97		%	7.46		%	8.95		%	7.85		%	63.5	%
Recurring Cash Flow (in millions)	30.0	%	$	27.83		$	34.79		$	41.75		$	41.75		60.0	%
Total	80.0	%													123.5	%

Strategic Objectives

The Strategic Objectives component of the 2016 STI awards (which comprises 20% of the 2016 STI target award opportunities) provides for awards based on each NEO’s individual performance, and ultimately a qualitative assessment of the actual results attained, with respect to key strategic initiatives that are designed to (1) increase sales, operating profit and cash flow, (2) establish and maintain the Company’s position as an employer of choice, and (3) promote and implement product innovation activities on a global basis.

Under the Strategic Objectives component of the 2016 STI program, each NEO received individual goals for the 2016 performance period. Following the end of the performance period, each NEO’s performance was generally evaluated based on (1) the NEO’s “behaviors” (in other words, the actions that the NEO took to further the individual goals) and (2) a qualitative assessment of the results attained.

Each individual goal under the Strategic Objectives component of the 2016 STI program was directly related to the Company’s business objectives and corresponded to the NEO’s position and responsibilities. The key individual goals for each NEO were as follows:

Mr. Zeffiro


▪	Engage and align organization;


▪	Profitably grow business in strategic platforms;


▪	Strengthen capital structure; and


▪	Improve operating margins.

As a result of its assessment of Mr. Zeffiro’s performance, the Compensation Committee approved a 180% level of achievement under the Strategic Objectives component of the 2016 STI program.

Mr. Rice


▪	Improve capital structure;


▪	Develop/improve financial reporting reliability;


▪	Tax and treasury improvements; and


▪	Enhance control environment.

As a result of his assessment of Mr. Rice’s performance, Mr. Zeffiro recommended that the Compensation Committee approve a 125% level of achievement under the Strategic Objectives component of the 2016 STI program. The Compensation Committee approved this recommended achievement level.

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Mr. Goldbaum


▪	Mobilize compliance roadmap;


▪	Full SEC compliance;


▪	Support all aspects of integration and expansion efforts; and


▪	Support and protect intellectual property portfolio.

As a result of his assessment of Mr. Goldbaum’s performance, Mr. Zeffiro recommended that the Compensation Committee approve a 150% level of achievement under the Strategic Objectives component of the 2016 STI program. The Compensation Committee approved this recommended achievement level.

In light of each NEO’s achievement with respect to his key individual goals, as subjectively determined by the Compensation Committee, the Compensation Committee approved payouts at the following levels for the Strategic Objectives portion of the 2016 STI awards:



Name	Weighting of Strategic Objectives Component	Percentage of Strategic Objectives Component Earned	Percentage of Incentive Earned
A. Mark Zeffiro	20%	180%	36	%
David G. Rice	20%	125%	25	%
Jay Goldbaum	20%	150%	30	%

Award Determination

In January 2017, the Compensation Committee determined the degree to which the STI goals for the 2016 performance period were achieved, which actual results are highlighted in the tables above for Financial Performance Measures and Strategic Objectives. As a result, our NEOs earned the following STI awards for the 2016 performance period:



Name	Target STI Award as a % of January 1, 2016 Base Salary		Target STI Award Amount		Actual STI Award Earned		STI Award Amount Earned
A. Mark Zeffiro	100.0	%	$	600,000	159.5	%	$	957,000
David G. Rice	60.0	%	$	174,000	148.5	%	$	258,390
Jay Goldbaum	40.0	%	$	88,000	153.5	%	$	135,080

2016 Long-Term Incentive Program

The 2015 Plan allows for equity compensation to our directors and employees. We believe equity compensation provides additional motivation for directors and employees to create stockholder value because the value such individuals realize from their equity compensation is based on our stock price performance. Equity compensation also aligns the compensation interests of our directors and employees with the investment interests of our stockholders and promotes a focus on long-term value creation, because our equity compensation awards are subject to vesting and/or performance criteria.

In early 2016, the Compensation Committee granted LTI awards to our NEOs in order to promote the achievement of the Company’s strategic goals (the “2016 LTI Awards”). The 2016 LTI Awards consist of service-based restricted stock units, target grants of PSUs and stock options, and are summarized in the following chart:



Name	Service-Based RSUs Granted March 1, 2016		Stock Options Granted March 1, 2016		PSUs Granted March 1, 2016		Total 2016 LTI Award Amount		Total 2016 LTI Award Amount as Percent of Salary
A. Mark Zeffiro	$	928,200	$	262,500	$	262,500	$	1,453,200	242.2	%
David G. Rice	$	130,500	$	65,250	$	65,250	$	261,000	90.0	%
Jay Goldbaum	$	44,000	$	22,000	$	22,000	$	88,000	40.0	%

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The service-based restricted stock unit awards listed in the above chart were granted on March 1, 2016. The number of restricted stock units subject to each such award was determined based on (1) the amount of the dollar value of the restricted stock unit awards divided by (2) the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Such restricted stock unit awards are generally scheduled to vest ratably on March 1, 2017, March 1, 2018, and March 1, 2019, respectively.

On March 1, 2016, each NEO was also granted PSUs, the numbers of which were determined based on the applicable dollar amount and the applicable market data input and methodology approved by the Compensation Committee, as further described below. For the 2016-2018 cycle (began on January 1, 2016 and ends on December 31, 2018), the PSU award is earned based on the achievement of a specified relative total shareholder return (“RTSR”) percentile rank during the applicable performance period. The Compensation Committee approved RTSR as the performance measure and the use of a custom subset of the S&P 500 Industrials Index as the peer group for the performance measurement comparison, as outlined in the table below. If, upon the conclusion of the performance period, RTSR falls between performance levels, straight-line mathematical interpolation will be used to determine the amount of the target PSUs (rounded up to the nearest whole number of PSUs) earned.



Percentile in 3-Year RTSR Performance vs. Peer Group		Target PSUs Earned
80 ^th percentile or above		200%
70 ^th percentile		150%
50 ^th percentile		100%
35 ^th percentile		50%
Below 25 ^th percentile		0%

Based on the degree to which the performance goals are met, any PSUs earned for the 2016-2018 cycle were designed to vest in 2019. A full list of the companies comprising the RTSR peer group is included below under “RTSR Peer Group Constituent Companies.” These companies were chosen, with the advice of Meridian, because they operate in a similar industry as the Company, are likely to have a strong share price correlation with the Company, and are impacted by external and market-driven factors in a similar way as the Company.

On March 1, 2016, each NEO was also granted stock options with a ten-year term and scheduled to vest ratably on March 1, 2017, March 1, 2018, and March 1, 2019, respectively. The number of stock options granted was determined based on (1) the amount of the dollar value of the option awards divided by (2) the product of (a) the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, multiplied by (b) the Black-Scholes Valuation factor of 39%. The stock options have a strike price of $10.08 per share.

Also on March 1, 2016, Mr. Zeffiro was granted an additional award of 40,000 service-based restricted stock units in recognition of his leadership efforts during the Company’s first six months as an independent, publicly-traded company. These restricted stock units are generally scheduled to vest in full on March 1, 2019.

Bonus Compensation

On October 4, 2016, the Company completed the Westfalia Acquisition. On December 13, 2016, the Compensation Committee approved discretionary cash bonuses for the NEOs in the following amounts: Mr. Zeffiro, $600,000; Mr. Rice, $200,000; and Mr. Goldbaum, $150,000. These bonuses were provided in recognition of the successful completion of the acquisition and the valuable contributions provided by each of the NEOs above and beyond normal time and effort in helping to achieve the Company’s goals, objectives and milestones for 2016.

Perquisites and All Other Compensation Amounts

Amounts set forth in the “All Other Compensation” column of the 2016 Summary Compensation Table for the NEOs include Company contributions to the 401(k) plan in the amount of $20,309 for Mr. Zeffiro, $20,309 for Mr. Rice, and $10,796 for Mr. Goldbaum, and contributions to the executive retirement program in the amount of $51,075 for Mr. Zeffiro, $18,525 for Mr. Rice, and $4,394 for Mr. Goldbaum, in each case as described below.

Each NEO is a participant in the Company’s Flexible Cash Allowance Policy, pursuant to which Mr. Zeffiro is entitled to a $55,000 annual allowance paid quarterly in cash, and Messrs. Rice and Goldbaum are each entitled to a $25,000 annual allowance paid quarterly in cash. The Company’s Flexible Cash Allowance Policy is in lieu of other Company provided perquisites, including supplemental universal life insurance, automobile allowance, private club membership, and tax reimbursements.

In 2016, in order to mitigate risk for the Company and its officers and help ensure that its executive benefits remain competitive in the marketplace, the Company adopted a supplemental long-term disability insurance program for certain officers, including the NEOs. This supplemental insurance program, the premiums for which are paid by the Company, provides additional protection

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for the NEOs above the Company's broad-based disability insurance plan. In addition, the Company continues to make an executive physical program available to its NEOs, which program allows participating officers to receive up to $3,500 annually in preventive health services.

No Employment Agreements

During 2016, the Company was not a party to any employment contracts with our NEOs.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

Certain senior executives of the Company, including the NEOs, are subject to stock ownership guidelines. Under the guidelines, each NEO is required to hold a number of shares of the Company’s common stock having a market value equal to or greater than a specified multiple of such NEO’s base salary, as set forth below:



Named Executive Officer		Multiple
Mr. Zeffiro		5x
Mr. Rice		3x
Mr. Goldbaum		3x

Shares owned (or beneficially owned) by the NEO, including shares acquired upon the exercise of stock options or acquired through any Company equity incentive plans, time-vesting restricted stock or restricted stock units, whether vested or not, and vested, in the money stock options are counted towards satisfaction of the guidelines. Unvested or “underwater” stock options, unvested performance-based restricted stock or other similar awards will not be counted towards satisfaction of the guidelines.

The NEOs have until July 1, 2020 to meet these ownership guidelines. New executives to whom the stock ownership guidelines are applicable will have five years from the time they are named to a qualifying position to meet the stock ownership guidelines. Once an executive attains the required ownership level, the executive will not be considered noncompliant solely due to subsequent stock price declines. Prior to meeting the stock ownership guidelines, an executive must hold at least 50% of the shares acquired by the executive on (1) vesting of restricted stock, (2) exercise of a stock option, (3) exercise of a stock appreciation right, (4) payout of restricted stock units in shares, and (5) payout (in shares) of any other equity award. However, such holding requirement will be reduced by (1) any shares retained by the Company to satisfy any portion of tax withholding requirements attributable to such vesting, payout, or exercise events, (2) any shares of common stock tendered by the executive to pay any portion of the exercise price of a stock option, and (3) if any portion of the taxes due in connection with such events or the exercise price of options is satisfied by the executive remitting cash to the Company or applicable taxing authority or by the Company withholding amounts from the executive's compensation or payments otherwise due, the number of shares of common stock having a fair market value equal to the amount so remitted or withheld based on the closing price of the common stock on the vesting or exercise date, as applicable.

If an executive does not meet the applicable guidelines, the Compensation Committee will take that fact into account when determining the award of future equity awards to such executive, and may required all stock attained through Company grants of equity be retained until the guidelines are satisfied, or take any other action the Compensation Committee deems appropriate.

Restrictions on Hedging and Pledging of Our Securities

The Company’s anti-hedging policy prohibits our directors, and certain executives, including the NEOs, from engaging in any transaction that is designed to hedge or offset any decrease in the market value of the Company’s common stock, including puts or calls, prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, and exchange funds. The policy also prohibits our directors and executives from holding Company securities in margin accounts. Under the policy, directors and covered executives may pledge shares of Company common stock on a limited basis, provided that, among other things, (a) any pledge is approved in writing in advance by our Chief Executive Officer and Legal Director (or by the Governance Committee in the case of a pledge by our Chief Executive Officer or Legal Director), (b) any pledged shares will cease to be counted as owned for purposes of our stock ownership guidelines and (c) the sum of (i) the aggregate number of shares of Company common stock pledged by all directors and executives at the time of the requested pledge and (ii) the number of shares requested to be pledged is equal to or less than two times the average daily trading volume in Company common stock for the preceding 30 trading days.

Compensation Recovery

The Company maintains a clawback policy that allows the Board to require reimbursement of any STI or LTI award from certain officers, including the NEOs (or others as determined by the Board) where: (1) the payment was predicated upon achieving certain financial results that were subsequently the subject of a substantial restatement of Company financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or negatively adjusted in a manner that impacts a performance measure upon which the STI

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or LTI award was based; (2) the Board determines the covered person engaged in intentional misconduct that caused or substantially caused the need for the substantial restatement or negative adjustment; and (3) a lower payment or award would have been made to the covered person as determined by the Board based upon the restated or negatively adjusted financial results. In each such instance, the Company may, to the extent practicable, seek to recover from the individual executive the amount by which the individual executive's STI or LTI payout for the relevant period exceeded the lower payout that would have been made based on the restated or negatively adjusted financial results.

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Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End

The following table provides information about the outstanding share-based equity awards for each of our NEOs as of December 31, 2016:



		Option Awards					Stock Awards
Name	Grant Date	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#)	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (#)	Option Exercise Price		Option Expiration Date	Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)	Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ^(b)		Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#)	Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested ^(b)
A. Mark Zeffiro	3/5/2014 ^(a)(c)	—	—	—		—	7,876	$	189,024	—	—
	3/5/2014 ^(a)(d)	—	—	—		—	3,544	$	85,056	—	—
	3/1/2015 ^(a)(e)	—	—	—		—	17,741	$	425,784	—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(f)	28,167	56,332	$	11.02	8/15/2025	—	—		—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(g)	—	—	—		—	11,813	$	283,512	—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(h)	—	—	—		—	84,473	$	2,027,352	—	—
	10/7/2015 ⁽ⁱ⁾		30,314	$	9.20	10/7/2025	—	—		—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(j)		66,794	$	10.08	3/1/2026	—	—		—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(k)	—	—	—		—	52,083	$	1,249,992	—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(l)	—	—	—		—	—	—		52,084	$	1,250,016
	3/1/2016 ^(m)	—	—	—		—	40,000	$	960,000	—	—
David G. Rice	3/5/2014 ^(a)(c)	—	—	—		—	662	$	15,888	—	—
	3/5/2014 ^(a)(d)	—	—	—		—	299	$	7,176	—	—
	3/1/2015 ^(a)(e)	—	—	—		—	1,545	$	37,080	—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(f)	2,449	4,896	$	11.02	8/15/2025	—	—		—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(g)	—	—	—		—	996	$	23,904	—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(h)	—	—	—		—	16,090	$	386,160	—	—
	10/7/2015 ⁽ⁱ⁾		2,559	$	9.20	10/7/2025	—	—		—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(j)		16,603	$	10.08	3/1/2026	—	—		—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(k)	—	—	—		—	12,946	$	310,704	—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(l)	—	—	—		—	—	—		12,946	$	310,704
Jay Goldbaum	3/5/2014 ^(a)(c)	—	—	—		—	283	$	6,792	—	—
	3/5/2014 ^(a)(d)	—	—	—		—	129	$	3,096	—	—
	3/1/2015 ^(a)(e)						672	$	16,128	—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(f)	1,065	2,129	$	11.02	8/15/2025	—	—		—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(g)	—	—	—		—	427	$	10,248	—	—
	8/15/2015 ^(h)	—	—	—		—	8,045	$	193,080	—	—
	10/7/2015 ⁽ⁱ⁾		491	$	9.20	10/7/2025	—	—		—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(j)		5,598	$	10.08	3/1/2026	—	—		—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(k)	—	—	—		—	4,365	$	104,760	—	—
	3/1/2016 ^(l)	—	—	—		—	—	—		4,366	$	104,784

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__________________________


(a)	Awards with a grant date prior to August 15, 2015 were granted by TriMas prior to the spin-off. In connection with the spin-off from TriMas in June 2015, such awards were converted into equity awards covering the Company’s common stock.


(b)	The market value is based on the Company’s stock price as of December 30, 2016 ($24.00) multiplied by the number of shares or units granted (for PSUs, at the maximum level based on actual performance through December 31, 2016).


(c)	Restricted share awards generally vest ratably on the first three anniversaries of the grant date.


(d)	Restricted stock unit awards generally cliff vest on March 5, 2017.


(e)	Restricted stock unit awards generally vest ratably on the first three anniversaries of the grant date.


(f)	Stock option awards generally vest ratably on August 15, 2016, March 1, 2017, and March 1, 2018, respectively.


(g)	Restricted stock units generally vest in full on March 5, 2017.


(h)	Restricted stock units generally vest in full on July 1, 2018.


(i)	Stock options generally vest in full on March 5, 2017.


(j)	Stock options generally vest ratably on the first three anniversaries of the grant date.


(k)	Restricted stock units generally vest ratably on the first three anniversaries of the grant date.


(l)	PSU awards are designed to be earned based on the achievement of specific performance measures over a performance period that begins on January 1, 2016 and ends on December 31, 2018. For more information regarding these PSU awards, see “2016 Long-Term Incentive Program” above.


(m)	Restricted stock units generally vest in full on July 1, 2018.

Benefits and Retirement Programs

Each NEO is eligible to participate in benefit plans available to substantially all the Company’s U.S. employees. These benefit plans include the Company’s retirement program (comprised of a 401(k) savings component and a quarterly contribution component) (the “Retirement Program”), and the Company’s medical, dental, vision, group life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance programs (the “Health Benefits Program”). The Retirement Program and the Health Benefits Program are designed to reward continued employment with the Company and assist participants with financial preparation for retirement.

Under the Retirement Program, the Company makes matching contributions for each active participant in the 401(k) savings component equal to 25% of the participant’s permitted contributions, up to a maximum of 5% of the participant’s eligible compensation. In addition, for most employees, the Company may contribute an additional 25% of matching contributions based on the Company’s annual financial performance.

Under the terms of the Retirement Program, the Company contributes to each eligible employee’s plan account an amount determined as a percentage of such employee’s eligible compensation. Each employee is eligible following one year of employment with the Company, with employment at TriMas immediately prior to the spin-off counting towards this eligibility requirement. The percentage is based on the employee’s age and for salaried employees ranges from 1.0% for employees under the age of 30 to 4.5% for employees age 50 and over. Messrs. Zeffiro and Rice are eligible for a quarterly contribution amount equal to 4.5% of their respective eligible compensation (Mr. Zeffiro was increased to 4.5% effective March 29, 2016), and Mr. Goldbaum is eligible for a quarterly contribution amount equal to 2.0% of his base pay (increased to 2.0% effective August 8, 2016).

Executive Retirement Program

Each NEO is eligible for the Company’s executive retirement program, which provides retirement benefits in addition to those provided under the Retirement Program. The Company offers these additional programs to enhance total executive pay so that it remains competitive in the market. Effective July 1, 2015, the Company began funding a rabbi trust for its obligations under these programs. Trust assets are subject to the claims of the Company’s creditors in the event of bankruptcy.

Under the Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”), the Company made a contribution to each NEO’s account at the end of each quarter with the amount determined as a fixed percentage of their eligible compensation. The contribution percentages were based on each NEO’s age on the date of the contribution. In accordance with the terms of the SERP, the Company’s contributions vest 100% after five years of eligible employment with the Company. The Company’s contributions immediately vest upon attainment of retirement age or death.

The Company’s Compensation Limit Restoration Plan (“CLRP”) provides each NEO benefits in the form of Company contributions which would have been payable under the quarterly contribution component of the Retirement Program, but for tax code limits on the amount of pay that can be considered in a qualified plan. There are no employee contributions permitted under the CLRP. The Company’s contributions under the CLRP vary as a percent of eligible compensation based on the age of each of our NEOs.

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The executive retirement program also includes an elective deferral compensation feature to supplement the existing executive retirement program. Subject to the terms of the Company’s executive retirement program, each NEO may elect to defer up to 25% of base pay and up to 100% of annual cash incentive awards. Contributions to the Company’s executive retirement program are invested at the direction of each NEO based on the investment options in the Company’s retirement program. Each NEO’s investment directive may be amended at any time.

Other Post-Employment Compensation

The Company maintains an Executive Severance/Change of Control Policy (“Severance Policy”). The Severance Policy covers each of our NEOs, with the Compensation Committee designating Mr. Zeffiro as a Tier I participant, and Messrs. Rice and Goldbaum as Tier II participants. The Severance Policy provides that the Company will make severance payments to a participant upon the termination of such participant’s employment under certain circumstances. The Severance Policy includes an excise tax “cap” provision, which will operate to reduce the total amount of payments due under the Severance Policy so as to avoid the imposition of excise taxes and the resulting loss of tax deductions to the Company under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code.

If the Company terminates the employment of an NEO for any reason other than cause, disability or death, or if any NEO terminates his employment with the Company for good reason, (in each case, a “qualifying termination”), the Company will provide such NEO, with: (1) one year’s (two years’ for Mr. Zeffiro) annual base salary; (2) the value of STI payments equal to one year’s (two years’ for Mr. Zeffiro) payout at his target level in effect at the date of termination (generally paid in equal installments over one or two years, as applicable); (3) the value of any STI payment that has been declared for the NEO but not paid; (4) the NEO’s pro-rated STI for the year of termination through the date of termination based on his target level and actual full-year performance; (5) immediate vesting upon the termination date of a pro-rata portion of equity awards granted under the 2015 Plan and equity awards originally granted under TriMas’ equity compensation plans and now subject to the 2015 Plan through the termination date (for performance-based equity awards, based on actual performance); (6) executive level outplacement services for up to 12 months; and (7) continued medical benefits for up to 12 months (24 months for Mr. Zeffiro) following the termination date.

In the case of an NEO’s voluntary termination or termination for cause, the Company will pay the NEO’s accrued base salary through termination plus earned but unused vacation compensation (and, in the case of voluntary termination, the value of any STI payment that has been declared but not paid). All other benefits will cease as of the termination date. If the employment of one of our NEOs is terminated due to death, the Company will pay the NEO’s accrued but unpaid base salary and the value of the NEO’s accrued but unpaid STI compensation as of the date of death, and such NEO will fully vest in his outstanding equity awards, including performance-based equity awards at the target performance level. Other than continued participation in the Company’s medical benefit plan for such NEO’s dependents for up to 36 months, all other benefits will cease as of the date of such NEO’s death. If one of our NEOs is terminated following disability, the Company will pay the NEO’s earned but unpaid base salary and the value of STI payments, and such NEO will fully vest in all his outstanding time-based equity awards and performance-based equity awards at the end of the performance period based on actual performance. In addition, such NEO will be eligible for disability benefits under the Company's disability programs, including the supplemental executive long-term disability insurance program. All other benefits will cease as of the date of such termination in accordance with the terms of such benefit plans.

In the case of a qualifying termination of an NEO’s employment with the Company within two years of a change-of-control (as defined below), then, in place of any other severance payments or benefits, the Company will provide such NEO with: (1) a payment equal to 24 months (36 months for Mr. Zeffiro) of his base salary rate in effect at the date of termination; (2) the value of two years’ (three years’ for Mr. Zeffiro) STI payouts at his target level in effect at the date of termination; (3) the value of any STI payment that has been declared for the NEO but not paid; (4) the NEO’s pro-rated STI payout for the year of termination through the date of termination based on his target level and actual full-year performance; (5) immediate vesting upon the termination date of all unvested and outstanding time-based vesting equity awards; (6) immediate vesting upon the termination date of all unvested and outstanding performance-based equity awards based on target performance; (7) executive level outplacement services for up to 12 months; and (8) continued medical benefits for up to 24 months (36 months for Mr. Zeffiro) following the termination date. Certain of such payments would be made in installments in certain circumstances if necessary to comply with Code Section 409A.

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For purposes of the Severance Policy, “change-of-control” is generally deemed to have occurred upon the first of the following events:


▪	Any individual, entity or group acquires beneficial ownership of 35% or more of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding common stock, subject to certain exceptions, as further described in the Severance Policy;


▪	A majority of members of the Board are replaced by directors whose appointment or election is not approved by a majority of the Company’s directors, subject to certain exceptions, as described in the Severance Policy;


▪	The Company consummates a reorganization, merger or certain other substantial corporate transactions resulting in a substantial change in the Company’s ownership or leadership, subject to certain exceptions, as described in the Severance Policy; or


▪	Approval by the Company’s stockholders of a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company, subject to certain exceptions, as described in the Severance Policy.

In addition, the Severance Policy requires that, in return for these benefits, each NEO has to refrain from competing against the Company for a period following termination that corresponds to the duration of any severance payments such NEO would be entitled to receive or 24 months (if no severance payments are payable).

The Severance Policy may be modified by the Compensation Committee at any time, provided that prior written consent is required of any NEO who is adversely impacted by the modification. Further, the Compensation Committee may amend or terminate the Severance Policy at any time upon 12 months’ written notice to any adversely affected NEO.

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RTSR Peer Group Constituent Companies

The full list of companies comprising the RTSR peer group described above under "2016 Long-Term Incentive Program" is provided below:



ACCURIDE CORP		INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL SVCS
ALLIED MOTION TECHNOLOGIES		INTERNATIONAL WIRE GRP HLDGS
AMERESCO INC		INTERSECTIONS INC
API TECHNOLOGIES CORP		JASON INDUSTRIES INC
ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS INC		KADANT INC
ARGAN INC		KEYW HOLDING CORP
BARRETT BUSINESS SVCS INC		KIMBALL INTERNATIONAL - CL B
BLOUNT INTL INC		KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY
BMC STOCK HOLDINGS INC		LAWSON PRODUCTS
CAI INTERNATIONAL INC		LAYNE CHRISTENSEN CO
CASELLA WASTE SYS INC - CL A		LMI AEROSPACE INC
CDI CORP		LSI INDUSTRIES INC
CECO ENVIRONMENTAL CORP		MANITEX INTERNATIONAL INC
CELADON GROUP INC		MILLER INDUSTRIES INC/TN
CENVEO INC		MYR GROUP INC
CIVEO CORP		NEFF CORP
COLUMBUS MCKINNON CORP		NN INC
COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP INC		NORTHWEST PIPE CO
CONRAD INDUSTRIES INC		ORION MARINE GROUP INC
COVENANT TRANSPORTATION GROUP		P.A.M. TRANSPORTATION SVCS
CRA INTERNATIONAL INC		PANGAEA LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS
CYPRESS ENERGY PARTNERS LP		PARK OHIO HOLDINGS CORP
DOUGLAS DYNAMICS INC.		POWELL INDUSTRIES INC
DUCOMMUN INC		POWER SOLUTIONS INTL INC
DXP ENTERPRISES INC		POWERSECURE INTL INC
ENNIS INC		PREFORMED LINE PRODUCTS CO
ENPHASE ENERGY INC		RADIANT LOGISTICS INC
FOSTER (LB) CO		REPUBLIC AIRWAYS HLDGS INC
FRANKLIN COVEY CO		SL INDUSTRIES INC
FREIGHTCAR AMERICA INC		SPARTON CORP
FURMANITE CORP		STARRETT (L.S.) CO - CL A
GENERAL FINANCE CORP/DE		STERLING CONSTRUCTION CO INC
GLOBAL BRASS & COPPER HLDGS		SUPREME INDUSTRIES INC
GREAT LAKES DREDGE & DOCK CP		TITAN INTERNATIONAL INC
GP STRATEGIES CORP		TITAN MACHINERY INC
HARDINGE INC		TRC COS INC
HC2 HOLDINGS INC		TWIN DISC INC
HERITAGE-CRYSTAL CLEAN INC		UNIVERSAL TRUCKLOAD SERVICES
HILL INTERNATIONAL INC		USA TRUCK INC
HOUSTON WIRE & CABLE CO		VECTRUS INC
HUDSON GLOBAL INC		VICOR CORP
HURCO COMPANIES INC		VOLT INFO SCIENCES INC
HUTTIG BUILDING PRODUCTS INC		VSE CORP
INNERWORKINGS INC		XERIUM TECHNOLOGIES INC
INSTEEL INDUSTRIES

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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During 2016, the following individuals served on the Compensation Committee: Ms. Ilitch and Messrs. Dauch, DeVore, Kunselman and Siebert. None of these individuals is or has ever been an officer or employee of the Company or any of our subsidiaries. None of our executive officers currently serves or has served as a member of the board of directors, compensation committee or other board committee performing equivalent functions of another entity that has one or more executive officers serving as one of our directors on our Compensation Committee.

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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference herein to the Proxy Statement section entitled " Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ."

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference herein to the Proxy Statement section entitled " Transactions with Related Persons " and " Corporate Governance ".

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference herein to the Proxy Statement section entitled " Fees Paid to Independent Auditor ."

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Listing of Documents

(1) Financial Statements

The Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 hereof, as required at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , and for the periods ended December 31, 2016 , December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , consist of the following:

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Financial Statement Schedules

Financial Statement Schedule of the Company appended hereto, as required for the periods ended December 31, 2016 , December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , consists of the following:

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information is otherwise included in the financial statements or the notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits

See the Exhibits Index at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference.

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Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION (Registrant)

		BY:	/s/ A. MARK ZEFFIRO
DATE:	March 10, 2017		Name: A. Mark Zeffiro Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



Name	Title	Date

/s/ A. MARK ZEFFIRO	President and Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chair of the Board of Directors	March 10, 2017
A. Mark Zeffiro	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ DAVID G. RICE	Chief Financial Officer	March 10, 2017
David G. Rice	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ DENISE ILITCH	Co-Chair of the Board of Directors	March 10, 2017
Denise Ilitch

/s/ DAVID C. DAUCH	Director	March 10, 2017
David C. Dauch

/s/ RICHARD L. DEVORE	Director	March 10, 2017
Richard L. DeVore

/s/ SCOTT G. KUNSELMAN	Director	March 10, 2017
Scott G. Kunselman

/s/ RICHARD D. SIEBERT	Director	March 10, 2017
Richard D. Siebert

/s/ SAMUEL VALENTI III	Director	March 10, 2017
Samuel Valenti III

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SCHEDULE II

PURSUANT TO ITEM 15(a)(2)

OF FORM 10-K VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED

December 31, 2016 , 2015 AND 2014

(Dollars in thousands)



			ADDITIONS
DESCRIPTION	BALANCE AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		CHARGED TO COSTS AND EXPENSES		CHARGED (CREDITED) TO OTHER ACCOUNTS ⁽¹⁾		DEDUCTIONS ⁽²⁾		BALANCE AT END OF PERIOD
Allowance for doubtful accounts deducted from accounts receivable in the balance sheet
Year ended December 31, 2016	$	2,960	$	910	$	50	$	110	$	3,810
Year ended December 31, 2015	$	3,230	$	470	$	320	$	1,060	$	2,960
Year ended December 31, 2014	$	2,940	$	730	$	30	$	470	$	3,230

______________

⁽¹⁾ Allowance of companies acquired, and other adjustments, net.

⁽²⁾ Deductions, representing uncollectible accounts written-off, less recoveries of amounts written-off in prior years.

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Item 15. Exhibits.

Exhibits Index:



2.1(c)*	Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, by and between Horizon Global Corporation and TriMas Corporation.
2.2(i)*	Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2016, among Horizon Global Corporation and Blitz K 16-102 GmbH and Parcom Deutschland I GmbH & Co. KG, Co-Investment Partners Europe L.P., BaryernLB Private Equity GmbH, Walter Gnauert, Dr. Bernd Welzel, Frank Klebedanz, Jürgen Lotter and Westfalia Mitarbeiterbeteiligungs GmbH & Co. KG.
3.1(d)	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Horizon Global Corporation.
3.2(b)	Amended and Restated By-laws of Horizon Global Corporation.
4.1(j)	Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2017, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee.
4.2(j)	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2017, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee.
10.1(c)	Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, by and between Horizon Global Corporation and TriMas Corporation.
10.2(c)	Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, by and between Horizon Global Corporation and TriMas Corporation.
10.3(c)	Transition Services Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, by and between Horizon Global Corporation and TriMas Corporation.
10.4(c)	Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, by and between Horizon Global Corporation and TriMas Corporation.
10.5(c)	Loan Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, among the Company, Cequent Performance Products, Inc., Cequent Consumer Products, Inc., the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the lenders.
10.6(f)	Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2015, among Horizon Global Corporation, Cequent Performance Products, Inc., Cequent Consumer Products, Inc., Cequent UK Limited, Cequent Towing Products of Canada Ltd., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the lenders.
10.7(f)	Foreign Facility Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2015, among Cequent Performance Products, Inc., certain of its subsidiaries party thereto as grantors and Bank of America, N.A., as agent.
10.8(i)	Waiver and First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2016, to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2015, by and among Horizon Global Corporation, Cequent Performance Products, Inc., Cequent Consumer Products, Inc., Cequent UK Limited, Cequent Towing Products of Canada Ltd., the other parties thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
10.9	Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of January 11, 2017, to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2015, by and among Horizon Global Corporation, Cequent Performance Products, Inc., Cequent Consumer Products, Inc., Cequent UK Limited, Cequent Towing Products of Canada Ltd., the other parties thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
10.10(c)	Term Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, among the Company, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative and collateral agent.
10.11(i)	First Amendment, dated as of September 19, 2016, to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, among Horizon Global Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent.
10.12	Second Amendment, dated as of January 11, 2017, to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2015, among Horizon Global Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent.
10.13(d)**	Horizon Global Corporation Executive Retirement Plan effective as of July 1, 2015.
10.14(e)**	Horizon Global Corporation Executive Severance/Change of Control Policy effective as of July 1, 2015.
10.15(a)	Form of Indemnification Agreement.

II-1

Table of Contents



10.16(e)**	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement - Founders Grant - under the 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.17(e)**	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement - 2015 Board of Directors - under the 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.18(e)**	Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement - 2015 LTI - under the 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.19(e)**	Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement - Special Award - under the 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.20(e)**	Form of Horizon Replacement Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Converted in connection with the adjustment of TriMas 2013 Performance Stock Units - 2006 Plan).
10.21(e)**	Form of Horizon Replacement Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Converted in connection with the adjustment of TriMas 2013 Performance Stock Units - 2011 Plan).
10.22(e)**	Form of Horizon Replacement Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Converted in connection with the adjustment of TriMas 2014 Performance Stock Units - 2011 Plan).
10.23(g)**	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement - CEO Award Program - 2016 Grant - under the Amended and Restated 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.24(g)**	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement - Annual Grant - under the Amended and Restated 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.25(g)**	Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement - CEO Grant - under the Amended and Restated 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.26(g)**	Form of Performance Share Units Agreement - Annual Grant - under the Amended and Restated 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.27(g)**	Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement - Annual Grant - under the Amended and Restated 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.28(h)**	Horizon Global Corporation Amended and Restated 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.29(i)	Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2016, by and between the Company and Parcom Deutschland I GmbH & Co. KG.
10.30(j)	Base Call Option Confirmation, dated as of January 26, 2017, by and between the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch.
10.31(j)	Additional Call Option Confirmation, dated as of January 27, 2017, by and between the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch.
10.32(j)	Base Warrant Confirmation, dated as of January 26, 2017, by and between the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch.
10.33(j)	Additional Warrant Confirmation, dated as of January 27, 2017, by and between the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch.
10.34(j)	Base Call Option Confirmation, dated as of January 26, 2017, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
10.35(j)	Additional Call Option Confirmation, dated as of January 27, 2017, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
10.36(j)	Base Warrant Confirmation, dated as of January 26, 2017, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
10.37(j)	Additional Warrant Confirmation, dated as of January 27, 2017, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
10.38(j)	Base Call Option Confirmation, dated as of January 26, 2017, by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A.
10.39(j)	Additional Call Option Confirmation, dated as of January 27, 2017, by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A.
10.40(j)	Base Warrant Confirmation, dated as of January 26, 2017, by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A.
10.41(j)	Additional Warrant Confirmation, dated as of January 27, 2017, by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A.
21.1	Horizon Global Corporation Subsidiary List.
23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

II-2

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31.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

_________________________



(a)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on March 31, 2015 (Reg. No. 333-203138).
(b)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed on June 11, 2015 (Reg. No. 333-203138).
(c)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2015 (File No. 001-37427).
(d)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 11, 2015 (File No. 001-37427).
(e)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2015 (File No. 001-37427).
(f)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2015 (File No. 001-37427).
(g)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-K filed on May 3, 2016 (File No. 001-37427).
(h)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2016 (File No. 001-37427).
(i)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 11, 2016 (File No. 001-37427).
(j)		Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2017 (File No. 001-37427).

* Certain exhibits and schedules were omitted in the original filing pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, and the Company agrees to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any omitted exhibits and schedules upon request.

** Management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant Item 15(b) of Form 10-K.

II-3

SECOND AMENDMENT TO

AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AGREEMENT

This SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AGREEMENT (this “ Amendment ”) is dated as of January 11, 2017, and is entered into by and among HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION , a Delaware corporation (“ Parent Borrower ”), HORIZON GLOBAL AMERICAS INC. , a Delaware corporation (“ Horizon Americas ”) (f/k/a Cequent Performance Products, Inc., a Delaware corporation and successor by merger with Cequent Consumer Products, Inc., an Ohio corporation), CEQUENT UK LIMITED , a company incorporated in England and Wales with company number 08081641 (“ Cequent UK ”), CEQUENT TOWING PRODUCTS OF CANADA LTD. , a company formed under the laws of the Province of Ontario (“ Cequent Canada ”, and together with Parent Borrower, Horizon Americas and Cequent UK, collectively, “ Borrowers ”), the other Persons party to this Amendment as Obligors, the financial institutions party to this Amendment as Lenders, and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. , a national banking association, in its capacity as agent for itself and the other Secured Parties (“ Agent ”).

WHEREAS, the Borrowers, the other Obligors party hereto, the Agent and the Lenders have entered into that certain Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated as of December 22, 2015 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Loan Agreement ”);

WHEREAS, Parent Borrower, the other Obligors party thereto and Agent entered into that certain ABL Guarantee and Collateral Agreement dated as of June 30, 2015 in order to secure the Obligations;

WHEREAS, certain Borrowers, Horizon International Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Cequent UK, Cequent Canada, Cequent Nederland Holdings B.V., a company formed under the laws of the Netherlands, Cequent Mexico Holdings B.V., a company formed under the laws of the Netherlands, Cequent Sales Company de Mexico, S. DE R.L. DE C.V., a limited liability company formed under the laws of Mexico, Cequent Electrical Products de Mexico, S. DE R.L. DE C.V., a limited liability company formed under the laws of Mexico, and Agent entered into that certain Foreign Facility Guarantee and Collateral Agreement dated as of December 22, 2015 in order to secure the Foreign Facility Obligations; and

WHEREAS, the Borrowers and the other Obligors have requested that the Agent and the Lenders agree to enter into certain amendments to the Loan Agreement described below.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual conditions and agreements set forth in the Loan Documents and this Amendment, and other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

Initially capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Amendment have the respective meanings set forth in the Loan Agreement, as amended hereby.

ARTICLE II

AMENDMENTS TO LOAN AGREEMENT

On the Amendment Effective Date, the Loan Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

2.01. Equity Interests . The definition of “Equity Interests” in Section 1.1 of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following clause immediately before the period at the end thereof :

“, but excluding any debt securities convertible into or referencing any of the foregoing ”

2.02. Hedging Agreement . The definition of “Hedging Agreement” in Section 1.1 of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by (x) adding “(i)” immediately before the phrase “interest rate protection agreement” and (y) adding the following clause immediately before the period at the end thereof:

“, (ii) Permitted Bond Hedge Transactions and (iii) Permitted Warrant Transactions”

2.03. Material Debt . The definition of “Material Debt” in Section 1.1 of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following sentence at the end thereof:

“For the avoidance of doubt, the term “Material Debt” shall not include any obligations under any Permitted Warrant Transaction.”

2.04. Synthetic Purchase Agreement . The definition of “Synthetic Purchase Agreement” in Section 1.1 of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following sentence at the end thereof:

“For the avoidance of doubt, the term “Synthetic Purchase Agreement” shall not include any agreement, indenture or other document governing any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction, Permitted Convertible Indebtedness or Permitted Warrant Transaction.”

2.05. New Definitions . The following new definitions are hereby added to Section 1.1 of the Loan Agreement in appropriate alphabetical order to read in their entirety as follows:

“ Disqualified Equity Interests ” means any Equity Interests that, by their terms (or by the terms of any security or other Equity Interests into which they are convertible or for which they are exchangeable), or upon the happening of any event or condition (a) matures or are mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Qualified Equity Interests), pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise (except as a result of a change of control or asset sale so long as any rights of the holders thereof upon the occurrence of a change of control or asset sale event shall be subject to the prior Full Payment of the Loans and all other Obligations that are accrued and payable and the termination of the Commitments), (b) are redeemable at the option of the holder thereof (other than solely for Qualified Equity Interests), in whole or in part, (c) provide for the scheduled payments of dividends in cash, or (d) are or become convertible into or exchangeable for Indebtedness or any other Equity Interests that would constitute Disqualified Equity Interests, in each case, prior to the date that is 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date with respect to the Obligations.

“ Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction ” means any call or capped call option (or substantively equivalent derivative transaction) relating to the Parent Borrower’s common stock (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Parent Borrower so long as any such securities do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests of an Obligor) purchased by the

Parent Borrower in connection with the issuance of any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness; provided, that the purchase price for such Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction, less the proceeds received by the Parent Borrower from the sale of any related Permitted Warrant Transaction, does not exceed the net proceeds received by the Parent Borrower from the sale of such Permitted Convertible Indebtedness issued in connection with such Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction.

“ Permitted Convertible Indebtedness ” means senior, unsecured Debt of the Parent Borrower that (i) has no scheduled principal amortization prior to maturity, (ii) has a scheduled maturity date not earlier than 91 days following the Latest Maturity Date then in effect with respect to the Obligations and (iii) is convertible into shares of common stock of the Parent Borrower (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Parent Borrower so long as any such securities do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests of an Obligor) (and cash in lieu of fractional shares) and/or cash (in an amount determined by reference to the price of such common stock or such other securities).

“ Permitted Warrant Transaction ” means any call option, warrant or right to purchase (or substantively equivalent derivative transaction) relating to the Parent Borrower’s common stock (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Parent Borrower so long as any such securities do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests of an Obligor) and/or cash (in an amount determined by reference to the price of such common stock) sold by the Parent Borrower substantially concurrently with any purchase by the Parent Borrower of a Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction.

“ Qualified Equity Interests ” means and refers to any Equity Interests issued by an Obligor that are not Disqualified Equity Interests.

2.06. Debt . Section 10.2.1(a) of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by:

(a) Amending and restating in its entirety clause (xiii) thereof to read as follows:

“(xiii) secured Debt in an aggregate amount not exceeding $50,000,000 at any time outstanding, in each case in respect of Debt of Foreign Subsidiaries (exclusive of any Debt of Foreign Subsidiaries arising under the Loan Documents);”

(b) Amending and restating in its entirety clause (xix) thereof to read as follows:

“(xix) obligations of the Parent Borrower or any Subsidiary Obligor under Hedging Agreements permitted under Section 10.2.7 with respect to (A) any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction, (B) any Permitted Warrant Transaction and/or interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or commodity prices, in each case not entered into for speculative purposes; provided that if such Hedging Agreements relate to interest rates, (i) such Hedging Agreements relate to payment obligations on Debt otherwise permitted to be incurred by the Loan Documents and (ii) the notional principal amount of such Hedging Agreements at the time incurred does not exceed the principal amount of the Debt to which such Hedging Agreements relate;”

(c) Deleting the “and” at the end of clause (xxi) thereof, deleting the period at the end of clause (xxii) thereof and substituting in lieu thereof “; and” and adding the following as a new clause (xxiii) thereof:

2.07. Hedging Agreements . Section 10.2.7 of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by adding “(a)” immediately before the second instance of the phrase “Hedging Agreements” and adding the following clause immediately before the period at the end thereof:

“, (b) any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction and (c) any Permitted Warrant Transaction”

2.08. Restricted Payments – Equity Interests . Section 10.2.8(a) of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the “and” at the end of clause (iv) thereof, deleting the period at the end of clause (v) thereof and substituting in lieu thereof “;” and adding the following as new clauses (vi), (vii) and (viii) thereto:

“(vi) the Parent Borrower may make any Restricted Payments in respect of Permitted Convertible Indebtedness permitted under Section 10.2.8(b );

(vii) the Parent Borrower may pay the premium in respect of, and otherwise perform its obligations under, any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction; and

(viii) the Parent Borrower may make any Restricted Payments and/or payments or deliveries required by the terms of, and otherwise perform its obligations under, any Permitted Warrant Transaction (including, without limitation, making payments and/or deliveries due upon exercise and settlement or termination thereof).”

2.09. Restricted Payments – Debt . Section 10.2.8(b) of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by (x) deleting the “and” at the end of clause (vi) thereof, (y) deleting the period at the end of clause (vii) thereof and substituting in lieu thereof “;” and (z) adding the following as new clauses (viii), (ix) and (x):

“(viii) the Parent Borrower may make any deliveries in shares of common stock (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Parent Borrower so long as any such securities do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests of an Obligor) in connection with any conversion of any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness;

(ix) the Parent Borrower may make any cash payments in lieu of issuing fractional shares in connection with a conversion (including pursuant to any put transaction), exchange, refinancing or extension of any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness; and

(x) the Parent Borrower may purchase any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction and perform its obligations thereunder.”

2.10. 10.2.11 Amendment of Material Documents . Section 10.2.11 of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the “or” at the end of clause (a) thereof and substituting in lieu thereof “,” and adding the following new clause (c) immediately prior to the period appearing at the end of clause (b) thereto:

“or (c) the documents evidencing any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness to the extent such amendment, restatement, modification or waiver (i) results in a maturity date earlier than 91 days following the Latest Maturity Date then in effect with respect to the Obligations or (ii) adds any

required principal amortization or any mandatory prepayment or repurchase provision or changes any mandatory prepayment or repurchase provision in a manner that would increase the amount of any mandatory prepayment or repurchase obligation in respect of any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness”

2.11. Events of Default . Clause (g) of Section 11.1 of the Loan Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following clause at the end thereof:

“ provided further that this clause (g) shall not apply to any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness or any Permitted Warrant Transaction to the extent such event or condition occurs as a result of (x) the satisfaction of a conversion contingency, (y) the exercise by a holder of Permitted Convertible Indebtedness of a conversion right resulting from the satisfaction of a conversion contingency or (z) a required repurchase in respect of any Permitted Warrant Transaction;”

ARTICLE III

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

Each Obligor hereby represents and warrants to each Lender and the Agent, as of the date hereof and at each time that the following representations and warranties are made or deemed to be made thereafter, as follows:

3.01. Authority . The execution, delivery and performance by such Obligor of each Loan Document described in Section 5 hereof (and, with respect to the Parent Borrower, the Term Loan Agreement Amendment (as defined below)), and the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, have been duly authorized by all necessary action, and this Amendment is a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Obligor enforceable against such Obligor in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

3.02. Representations and Warranties . Each representation and warranty of such Obligor in the Loan Documents is true and correct as of the date hereof, after giving effect to this Amendment (except for representations and warranties that expressly relate to an earlier date).

3.03. Governmental Approvals; No Conflicts . The execution, delivery, and performance by such Obligor of the Loan Documents described in Section 5 hereof (and, with respect to the Parent Borrower, the Term Loan Agreement Amendment (as defined below)), and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, (a) do not require any consent or approval of, registration or filing with, or any other action by, any Governmental Authority, except (i) such as have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect, (ii) filings necessary to perfect Liens created under the Loan Documents and (iii) consents, approvals, registrations, filings or actions the failure of which to obtain or perform could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (b) will not violate any Applicable Law or regulation or the charter, by-laws or other organizational documents of any Obligor or any Subsidiary of any Obligor or any order of any Governmental Authority, (c) will not violate or result in a default under any indenture, agreement or other instrument binding upon any Obligor or any Subsidiary of any Obligor or their assets, or give rise to a right thereunder to require any payment to be made by any Obligor or any Subsidiary of any Obligor, except for violations, defaults or the creation of such rights that could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (d) will not result in the creation or imposition of any Lien on any asset of any Obligor or

any Subsidiary of any Obligor, except Liens created under the Loan Documents and Liens permitted by Section 10.2.2 of the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, and (e) do not require any acknowledgement, agreement or consent under any indenture, agreement or other instrument binding upon any Obligor or any Subsidiary of any Obligor or their assets, except for such acknowledgements, agreements and consents as have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect, and such acknowledgements, agreements or consents the failure of which to obtain could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

3.04. Solvency . Immediately after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Amendment and the Term Loan Agreement Amendment to take place on the date of this Amendment (a) the fair value of the assets of each Obligor, at a fair valuation, will exceed its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, (b) the present fair saleable value of the property of each Obligor will be greater than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of its debts and other liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and other liabilities become absolute and matured, (c) each Obligor will be able to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured or fall due and (d) the Obligors, on a consolidated basis, will not have unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted following the Amendment Effective Date.

3.05. No Defaults . No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

ARTICLE IV

CERTIFICATIONS

The Obligors hereby certify to Agent and Lenders that (a) the Term Loan Agreement Amendment is not prohibited by Section 10.2.11 of the Loan Agreement and (b) neither the execution or performance of this Amendment nor the incurrence of any Obligations by Obligors pursuant to the Loan Documents violates the Term Loan Documents.

ARTICLE V
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT AND FURTHER ACTIONS

5.01. Conditions Precedent . This Amendment shall be deemed effective as of the date first set forth above when each of the following conditions precedent have been satisfied in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and its counsel (such date, the “ Amendment Effective Date ”):

(a) The Agent shall have received duly executed counterparts of this Amendment which, when taken together, bear the authorized signatures of the Obligors, the Agent and the Required Lenders;

(b) The Agent shall have received executed copies of that certain Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated on or about the date hereof, by and among Parent Borrower, the Term Loan Lenders party thereto, and the Term Loan Agent (the “ Term Loan Agreement Amendment ”)), which shall be in full force and effect, and all conditions precedent set forth in Section 3 of the Term Loan Agreement Amendment shall have been met or waived by the Term Loan Agent and/or the Term Loan Lenders in accordance with the terms of the Term Loan Documents; and

(c) The Borrowers shall have paid all fees and expenses (provided that legal fees required to be paid as a condition precedent to the occurrence of the Amendment Effective Date shall be limited to such legal fees as to which Borrowers have received a summary invoice) owed to and/or incurred by the Agent in connection with this Amendment.

5.02. Further Actions . Each of the parties to this Amendment agrees that at any time and from time to time upon the written request of any other party, it will execute and deliver such further documents and do such further acts and things as such other party may reasonably request in order to effect the purposes of this Amendment.

ARTICLE VI
REAFFIRMATION

Each Obligor hereby (i) acknowledges and consents to this Amendment; (ii) reaffirms its obligations under the Guaranties, the Security Documents and the other Loan Documents; (iii) reaffirms the Liens granted by it pursuant to the Security Documents; and (iv) confirms that the Guaranties, the Security Documents and the other Loan Documents remain in full force and effect, without defense, offset or counterclaim. Although each Guarantor has been informed of the terms of the Amendment, such Guarantor hereby confirms that it understands and agrees that the Agent and the Lenders have no duty to so notify such Guarantor or any other guarantor or to seek this or any future acknowledgment, consent or reaffirmation, and nothing contained herein shall create or imply any such duty as to any transaction, past or future.

ARTICLE VII

MISCELLANEOUS

7.01. Successors and Assigns . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of Obligors, Agent, Lenders, Secured Parties, and their respective successors and assigns. The successors and assigns of the Obligors include, without limitation, their respective receivers, trustees, and debtors-in-possession.

7.02. Further Assurances . Each Obligor party hereto hereby agrees from time to time, as and when requested by the Agent or any Lender, to execute and deliver or cause to be executed and delivered all such documents, instruments and agreements and to take or cause to be taken such further or other action as the Agent or such Lender may reasonably deem necessary or desirable in order to carry out the intent and purposes of this Amendment and the other Loan Documents.

7.03. Loan Document . This Amendment shall be deemed to be a “Loan Document” for all purposes under the Loan Agreement.

7.04. Governing Law . THIS AMENDMENT AND, UNLESS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN ANY LOAN DOCUMENT, ALL CLAIMS SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO ANY CONFLICT OF LAW PRINCIPLES EXCEPT FEDERAL LAWS RELATING TO NATIONAL BANKS.

7.05. Consent to Forum.

(a) Forum . EACH OBLIGOR HEREBY CONSENTS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE COURT SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY, NEW YORK OR THE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, IN ANY DISPUTE, ACTION, LITIGATION OR OTHER PROCEEDING RELATING IN ANY WAY TO ANY LOAN DOCUMENTS, AND AGREES THAT ANY DISPUTE, ACTION, LITIGATION OR OTHER PROCEEDING SHALL BE BROUGHT BY IT SOLELY IN ANY SUCH COURT. EACH OBLIGOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ALL CLAIMS, OBJECTIONS AND DEFENSES THAT IT MAY HAVE REGARDING ANY SUCH COURT’S PERSONAL OR SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION, VENUE OR INCONVENIENT FORUM. EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR NOTICES IN SECTION 14.3.1 OF THE LOAN AGREEMENT. A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY PROCEEDING OF ANY SUCH COURT SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

(b) Other Jurisdictions . Nothing herein shall limit the right of Agent, any Security Trustee or any Lender to bring proceedings against any Obligor (other than a Mexican Domiciled Obligor) in any other court, nor limit the right of any party to serve process in any other manner permitted by Applicable Law (except with respect to service of process to Mexican Domiciled Obligors). Nothing in this Amendment shall be deemed to preclude enforcement by Agent or any Security Trustee of any judgment or order obtained in any forum or jurisdiction. Final judgment against an Obligor in any action, suit or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in any other jurisdiction, including the country in which such Obligor is domiciled, by suit on the judgment.

(c) Each Mexican Domiciled Obligor waives any right to any jurisdiction (other than as provided under Section 7.04 above and this Section 7.05) to which they may be entitled under Applicable Law, by reason of its present or future domicile, or otherwise, for the purposes of proceedings against or involving any of the Mexican Domiciled Obligors, and waives any objection to those courts on the ground of venue or forum non conveniens .

7.06. Severability . Wherever possible, each provision of this Amendment shall be interpreted in such manner as to be valid under Applicable Law. If any provision is found to be invalid under Applicable Law, it shall be ineffective only to the extent of such invalidity and the remaining provisions of this Amendment shall remain in full force and effect.

7.07. Entire Agreement . Time is of the essence of this Amendment. This Amendment constitutes the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof, and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof.

7.08. Execution in Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Amendment shall become effective on the Amendment Effective Date. Delivery of a signature page of this Amendment by telecopy or other electronic means shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of such agreement.

7.09. Costs and Expenses . The Borrowers agree to reimburse Agent for all fees, costs and expenses, including the reasonable fees, costs and expenses of counsel or other advisors for advice, assistance, or other representation in connection with this Amendment.

7.10. Reference to and Effect upon the Loan Documents . The amendments and modifications described in this Amendment shall apply and be effective only with respect to the provisions of the Loan Agreement specifically identified in this Amendment. Except as expressly amended herein, the Loan Agreement and the

other Loan Documents shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with the provisions thereof, and are hereby ratified and confirmed. In each case except as expressly provided in this Amendment, the execution, delivery and effectiveness of this Amendment shall not operate as a waiver of any right, power or remedy of Agent or any Lender under any of the Loan Documents, nor constitute a waiver or amendment of any provision of any of the Loan Documents. Upon the effectiveness of this Amendment, each reference in the Loan Agreement to “this Agreement,” “hereunder,” “hereof,” “herein” or words of similar import shall mean and be a reference to the Loan Agreement as amended hereby.

7.11. Section Headings . The section headings herein are for convenience of reference only, and shall not affect in any way the interpretation of any of the provisions hereof.

Balance of Page Intentionally Left Blank

Signature Pages Follow

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, duly authorized representatives of the parties have executed this Amendment and the parties have delivered this Amendment, each as of the day and year first written above.

OBLIGORS :

HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION ,

a Delaware corporation, as a U.S. Borrower, a U.S. Facility Guarantor, a U.S. Facility Obligor, a Canadian Facility Guarantor, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor, a UK Facility Obligor and the Borrower Agent

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Chief Financial Officer

HORIZON GLOBAL AMERICAS INC. ,

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Vice President

CEQUENT UK LIMITED , a company incorporated in England and Wales with company number 08081641, as UK Borrower, a UK Facility Obligor, a Canadian Facility Guarantor and a Canadian Facility Obligor

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Director

CEQUENT TOWING PRODUCTS OF CANADA LTD. , a company formed under the laws of the Province of Ontario, as Canadian Borrower, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor and a UK Facility Obligor

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Vice President

HORIZON GLOBAL COMPANY LLC ,

a Delaware limited liability company, as a U.S. Facility Guarantor, a U.S. Facility Obligor, a Canadian Facility Guarantor, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor and a UK Facility Obligor

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Vice President

HORIZON INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LLC ,

a Delaware limited liability company, as a Canadian Facility Guarantor, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor and a UK Facility Obligor

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Vice President

CEQUENT NEDERLAND HOLDINGS B.V. ,

a company formed under the laws of the Netherlands, as a Canadian Facility Guarantor, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor and a UK Facility Obligor

By: /s/ R.I.L. van Dijk

Name: R.I.L. van Dijk

Title: Director A

By: /s/ Jay Goldbaum

Name: Jay Goldbaum

Title: Director B

CEQUENT MEXICO HOLDINGS B.V. ,

a company formed under the laws of the Netherlands, as a Canadian Facility Guarantor, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor and a UK Facility Obligor

By: /s/ R.I.L. van Dijk

Name: R.I.L. van Dijk

Title: Director A

By: /s/ Jay Goldbaum

Name: Jay Goldbaum

Title: Director B

CEQUENT SALES COMPANY DE MEXICO, S. DE R.L. de C.V. ,

a limited liability company formed under the laws of Mexico, as a Canadian Facility Guarantor, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor and a UK Facility Obligor

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Vice President

CEQUENT ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS DE MEXICO, S. DE R.L. de C.V. ,

a limited liability company formed under the laws of Mexico, as a Canadian Facility Guarantor, a Canadian Facility Obligor, a UK Facility Guarantor and a UK Facility Obligor

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Vice President

AGENT AND LENDERS :

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. ,

as Agent, a U.S. Lender, a UK Lender and UK Swingline Lender

By: /s/ Steve Siravo

Name: Steve Siravo

Title: Senior Vice President

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (acting through its Canada branch), as a Canadian Lender and Canadian Swingline Lender

By: /s/ Sylwia Durkiewicz

Name: Sylwia Durkiewicz

Title: Vice President

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (acting through its London branch), as UK Security Trustee

By: /s/ Steve Siravo

Name: Steve Siravo

Title: Senior Vice President

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION , as a U.S. Lender

By: /s/ Peter Shin

Name: Peter Shin

Title: Authorized Signatory

WELLS FARGO CAPITAL FINANCE CORPORATION CANADA , as a Canadian Lender

By: /s/ David G. Phillips

Name: David G. Phillips

Title: Senior Vice President, Credit Officer

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION , (London branch), as a UK Lender

By: /s/ Tania Saldanha

Name: Tania Saldanha

Title: Authorized Signatory

BANK OF MONTREAL , as a U.S. Lender, a Canadian Lender and a UK Lender

By: /s/ Stephanie Bach

Name: Stephanie Bach

Title: Vice President

SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

SECOND AMENDMENT (this “ Amendment ”), dated as of January 11, 2017, to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of June 30, 2015 (as amended, supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Credit Agreement ”), among Horizon Global Corporation (the “ Borrower ”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto (the “ Lenders ”), and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (in such capacity, the “ Administrative Agent ”).

W I T N E S S E T H :

WHEREAS, the parties hereto are parties to the Credit Agreement;

WHEREAS, the Borrower requests that the Lenders agree to certain amendments to the Credit Agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and of the mutual covenants herein contained and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS . Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms which are defined in the Credit Agreement are used herein as therein defined.

SECTION 2. AMENDMENTS . On the Effective Date, the Credit Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

(a) The cover page of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the phrase “No. 1” and substituting in lieu thereof the phrase “No. 2”.

(b) The definition of “Equity Interests” in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following clause immediately before the period at the end thereof:

“, but excluding any debt securities convertible into or referencing any of the foregoing”

(c) The definition of “Hedging Agreement” in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by (x) adding “(i)” immediately before the phrase “interest rate protection agreement” and (y) adding the following clause immediately before the period at the end thereof:

“, (ii) Permitted Bond Hedge Transactions and (iii) Permitted Warrant Transactions”

(d) The definition of “Material Indebtedness” in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following sentence at the end thereof:

“For the avoidance of doubt, the term “Material Indebtedness” shall not include any obligations under any Permitted Warrant Transaction.”

(e) The definition of “Permitted Joint Venture and Foreign Subsidiary Investments” in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

“ Permitted Joint Venture and Foreign Subsidiary Investments ” means investments by the Borrower or any Subsidiary in the Equity Interests of (a) any Person that is not a Subsidiary or (b) any Person that is a Foreign Subsidiary, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75,000,000 (provided that such amount shall be increased to $100,000,000 so long as the Net Leverage Ratio (calculated on a pro forma basis after giving effect to such investment and any related incurrence or repayment of Indebtedness) is less than 3.25 to 1.00).

(f) The definition of “Synthetic Purchase Agreement” in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following sentence at the end thereof:

(g) Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended to include the following definitions in appropriate alphabetical order:

“ Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction ” means any call or capped call option (or substantively equivalent derivative transaction) relating to the Borrower’s common stock (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Borrower) purchased by the Borrower in connection with the issuance of any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness; provided, that the purchase price for such Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction, less the proceeds received by the Borrower from the sale of any related Permitted Warrant Transaction, does not exceed the net proceeds received by the Borrower from the sale of such Permitted Convertible Indebtedness issued in connection with such Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction.

“ Permitted Convertible Indebtedness ” means senior, unsecured Indebtedness of the Borrower that is convertible into shares of common stock of the Borrower (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Borrower) (and cash in lieu of fractional shares) and/or cash (in an amount determined by reference to the price of such common stock or such other securities).

“ Permitted Warrant Transaction ” means any call option, warrant or right to purchase (or substantively equivalent derivative transaction) relating to the Borrower’s common stock (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Borrower) and/or cash (in an amount determined by reference to the price of such common stock) sold by the Borrower substantially concurrently with any purchase by the Borrower of a Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction.

(h) Section 6.01(a) of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by amending and restating in its entirety clause (xiii) thereof:

“(xiii) secured Indebtedness in an aggregate amount not exceeding $50,000,000 at any time outstanding, in each case in respect of Indebtedness of Foreign Subsidiaries;”

(i) Section 6.01(a) of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by (x) deleting the “and” at the end of clause (xxi) thereof, (y) deleting the period at the end of clause (xxii) thereof

and substituting in lieu thereof “; and” and (z) adding the following as a new clause (xxiii) thereof:

“(xxiii) any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness and replacements or refinancings thereof in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $125 million at the time of issuance; provided that (i) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of issuance of such Indebtedness and (ii) at the time of issuance of such Indebtedness, after giving effect to the incurrence of such Indebtedness (as if such Indebtedness had been incurred on the last day of the most recently completed fiscal quarter of the Borrower ending prior to such date), the Borrower is in pro forma compliance with the covenant set forth in Section 6.13.”

(j) Section 6.07 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by (x) adding “(a)” immediately before the second instance of the phrase “Hedging Agreements” and (y) adding the following clause immediately before the period at the end thereof:

“, (b) any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction and (c) any Permitted Warrant Transaction”

(k) Section 6.08(a) of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by (x) deleting the “and” at the end of clause (viii) thereof, (y) deleting the period at the end of clause (ix) thereof and substituting in lieu thereof “;” and (z) adding the following as new clauses (x), (xi) and (xii) thereof:

“(x) the Borrower may make any Restricted Payments and/or payments or deliveries in shares of common stock (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Borrower) (and cash in lieu of fractional shares) and/or cash required by the terms of, and otherwise perform its obligations under, any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness (including, without limitation, making payments of interest and principal there-on, making payments due upon required repurchase thereof and/or making payments and deliveries due upon conversion thereof);

(xi) the Borrower may pay the premium in respect of, and otherwise perform its obligations under, any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction; and

(xii) the Borrower may make any Restricted Payments and/or payments or deliveries required by the terms of, and otherwise perform its obligations under, any Permitted Warrant Transaction (including, without limitation, making payments and/or deliveries due upon exercise and settlement or termination thereof).”

(l) Section 6.08(b) of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by (x) deleting the “and” at the end of clause (vi) thereof, (y) deleting the period at the end of clause (vii) thereof and substituting in lieu thereof “;” and (z) adding the following as new clauses (viii) and (ix):

“(viii) the Borrower may make any payments or deliveries in shares of common stock (or other securities or property following a merger event or other change of the common stock of the Borrower) (and cash in lieu of fractional shares) and/or cash required by the terms of, and otherwise perform its obligations under, any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness (including, without limitation, making payments of interest and principal there-on, making payments due upon required repurchase thereof and/or making payments and deliveries due upon conversion thereof); and

(ix) the purchase of any Permitted Bond Hedge Transaction by the Borrower and the performance of its obligations thereunder.”

(m) Clause (g) of Article VII of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following clause at the end thereof:

“ provided further that this clause (g) shall not apply to any Permitted Convertible Indebtedness to the extent such event or condition occurs as a result of (x) the satisfaction of a conversion contingency, (y) the exercise by a holder of Permitted Convertible Indebtedness of a conversion right resulting from the satisfaction of a conversion contingency or (z) a required repurchase under such Permitted Convertible Indebtedness;”

SECTION 3. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO EFFECTIVENESS . This Amendment shall become effective on the date (the “ Effective Date ”) on which all of the following conditions have been satisfied or waived:

(a) Execution and Delivery . The Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts of this Amendment duly executed by (i) the Borrower and (ii) the Required Lenders.

(b) No Default . Both prior to and after giving effect to this Amendment, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the Effective Date.

(c) Representations and Warranties . As of the Effective Date (both prior to and after giving effect to this Amendment) all representations and warranties contained in Section 5 shall be true and correct in all material respects.

(d) Consent Fee . The Borrower shall have paid each Lender signing this Amendment a consent fee equal to the amount required to be paid to each such Lender pursuant to that certain Fee Letter, dated as of January 4, 2017, between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the Borrower.

For the purpose of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 3, each Lender that has signed this Amendment shall be deemed to have accepted, and to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required under this Section 3.

SECTION 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES . In order to induce the Required Lenders to enter into this Amendment, the Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Required Lenders that (a) this Amendment has been duly authorized by all necessary organizational actions and, if required, actions by equity holders of the Borrower and (b) this Amendment has been duly executed and delivered by the Borrower and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Borrower, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

SECTION 5. CONTINUING EFFECT . Except as expressly amended, waived or modified hereby, the Loan Documents shall continue to be and shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their respective terms. This Amendment shall not constitute an amendment, waiver or modification of any provision of any Loan Document not expressly referred to herein and shall not be construed as an amendment, waiver or modification of any action on the part of the Borrower or the other Loan Parties

that would require an amendment, waiver or consent of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders except as expressly stated herein, or be construed to indicate the willingness of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to further amend, waive or modify any provision of any Loan Document amended, waived or modified hereby for any other period, circumstance or event. Except as expressly modified by this Amendment, the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents are ratified and confirmed and are, and shall continue to be, in full force and effect in accordance with their respective terms. Except as expressly set forth herein, each Lender and the Administrative Agent reserves all of its rights, remedies, powers and privileges under the Credit Agreement, the other Loan Documents, applicable law and/or equity. Any reference to the “Credit Agreement” in any Loan Document or any related documents shall be deemed to be a reference to the Credit Agreement as amended by this Amendment and the term “Loan Documents” in the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall include this Amendment.

SECTION 6. GOVERNING LAW . THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

SECTION 7. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS . This Amendment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Borrower, the other Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent, the other Agents and the Lenders, and each of their respective successors and assigns, and shall not inure to the benefit of any third parties. The execution and delivery of this Amendment by any Lender prior to the Effective Date shall be binding upon its successors and assigns and shall be effective as to any Loans or Commitments assigned to it after such execution and delivery.

SECTION 8. ENTIRE AGREEMENT . This Amendment, the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents represent the entire agreement of the Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent, the Agents, the Lenders and the Lenders, as applicable, with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by the Administrative Agent, any other Agent or any Lender relative to the subject matter hereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or in the Credit Agreement or the other Loan Documents.

SECTION 9. LOAN DOCUMENT . This Amendment is a Loan Document executed pursuant to the Credit Agreement and shall (unless otherwise expressly indicated herein) be construed, administered and applied in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Credit Agreement.

SECTION 10. COUNTERPARTS . This Amendment may be executed by the parties hereto in any number of separate counterparts and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument. An executed signature page of this Amendment may be delivered by facsimile transmission or electronic PDF of the relevant signature page hereof.

SECTION 11. HEADINGS . Section headings used in this Amendment are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Amendment and are not to affect the construction of, or to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Amendment.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed and delivered by their duly authorized officers as of the date first written above.

HORIZON GLOBAL CORPORATION,

as the Borrower

By: /s/ David G. Rice

Name: David G. Rice

Title: Chief Financial Officer

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as

Administrative Agent

By: /s/ Krys Szremski

Name: Krys Szremski

Title: Executive Director

West CLO 2014-2 Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Joanne Willars

Name: Joanna Willars

Title: Vice President, Analyst

AMMC CLO 16, LIMITED,

as a Lender

By: American Money Management Corp.,

as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ David P. Meyer

Name: David P. Meyer

Title: Senior Vice President

AMMC CLO 19, LIMITED,

as a Lender

By: American Money Management Corp.,

as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ David P. Meyer

Name: David P. Meyer

Title: Senior Vice President

AMMC CLO XI, LIMITED,

as a Lender

By: American Money Management Corp., as

Collateral Manager

By: /s/ David P. Meyer

Name: David P. Meyer

Title: Senior Vice President

JFIN CLO 2013 LTD,

By: Apex Credit Partners LLC, as Portfolio Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Andrew Stern

Name: Andrew Stern

Title: Managing Director

JFIN CLO 2014 LTD,

By: Apex Credit Partners LLC, as Portfolio Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Andrew Stern

Name: Andrew Stern

Title: Managing Director

JFIN CLO 2014-II LTD,

By: Apex Credit Partners LLC, as Portfolio Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Andrew Stern

Name: Andrew Stern

Title: Managing Director

ARROWOOD INDEMNITY COMPANY

ARROWOOD INDEMNITY COMPANY AS

ADMINISTRATOR OF THE PENSION PLAN OF

ARROWOOD INDEMNITY COMPANY

BEL-AIR FUND LLC,

each as a Lender

By: Barings LLC as Investment Adviser

By: /s/ Michael Best

Name: Michael Best

Title: Director

BABSON CLO LTD. 2012-II

BABSON CLO LTD. 2013-I

BABSON CLO LTD. 2013-II

BABSON CLO LTD. 2014-I

BABSON CLO LTD. 2014-II

BABSON CLO LTD. 2014-III

BABSON CLO LTD. 2015-I

BABSON CLO LTD. 2015-II

BABSON CLO LTD. 2016-I

BABSON CLO LTD. 2016-II

BABSON CLO LTD. 2016-III

each as a Lender

By: Barings LLC as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Michael Best

Name: Michael Best

Title: Director

BARINGS GLOBAL MULTI-CREDIT STRATEGY 2

LIMITED,

as a Lender

By: Barings LLC as Sub-Investment Manager

By: /s/ Michael Best

Name: Michael Best

Title: Director

Saranac CLO I Limited,

as a Lender

By: Canaras Capital Management, LLC

As Sub-Investment Adviser

By: /s/ Marc McAfee

Name: Marc McAfee

Title: Analyst

Saranac CLO II Limited,

as a Lender

By: Canaras Capital Management, LLC

As Sub-Investment Adviser

By: /s/ Marc McAfee

Name: Marc McAfee

Title: Analyst

Saranac CLO III Limited,

as a Lender

By: Canaras Capital Management, LLC

As Sub-Investment Adviser

By: /s/ Marc McAfee

Name: Marc McAfee

Title: Analyst

CBAM Funding 2016-1 LLC,

as a Lender

By: /s/ John Garret

Name: John Garret

Title: Managing Director

Citizens Bank N.A.,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Daniel Alfred

Name: Daniel Alfred

Title: Vice President

Cent CLO 16 L.P.,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC

As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 17 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC

As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 18 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B.Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 19 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC

As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 20 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 21 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC

As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 22 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC

As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 23 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC

As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Cent CLO 24 Limited,

as a Lender

By: Columbia Management Investment Advisers,

LLC

As Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Columbia Floating Rate Fund, a series of Columbia

Funds Series Trust II,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

Columbia Strategic Income Fund, a series of

Columbia Funds Series Trust I,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Steven B. Staver

Name: Steven B. Staver

Title: Assistant Vice President

ATRIUM VIII

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

ATRIUM IX

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio

manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

ATRIUM X

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio

manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

ATRIUM XI

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

ATRIUM XII

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

CREDIT SUISSE NOVA (LUX)

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, or Credit

Suisse Asset Management Limited, each as

Co-Investment Adviser to Credit Suisse Fund

Management S.A., management company for

Credit Suisse Nova (LUX)

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

CREDIT SUISSE FLOATING RATE HIGH INCOME FUND

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as Investment Advisor

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING X, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XI, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XII, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XIII, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

As a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XIV, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XV, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XVI, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XVII, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XVIII, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as collateral manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XIX, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as collateral manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XX, LTD.

MADISON PARK FUNDING XXI, LTD.

MADISON PARK FUNDING XXII, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

KP FIXED INCOME FUND

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as Sub-Adviser for Callan Associates Inc., the Adviser for The KP Funds, the Trust for KP Fixed Income Fund

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XIII, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

MADISON PARK FUNDING XXIV, LTD.

By: Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC, as portfolio manager

As a Lender

By: /s/ Ilan Friedman

Name: Ilan Friedman

Title: Authorized Signatory

Cutwater 2014-I, Ltd.

as a Lender

By: /s/ John Bluemke

Name: John Bluemke

Title: Authorized Signatory

Cutwater 2014-II, Ltd.

as a Lender

By: /s/ John Bluemke

Name: John Bluemke

Title: Authorized Signatory

Cutwater 2015-I, Ltd.

as a Lender

By: /s/ John Bluemke

Name: John Bluemke

Title: Authorized Signatory

Vibrant CLO II, Ltd.

as a Lender

By: DFG Investment Advisers, Inc., as Portfolio Manager

By: /s/ Roberta Goss

Name: Roberta Goss

Title: Managing Director

Vibrant CLO III, Ltd.

as a Lender

By: DFG Investment Advisers, Inc.

By: /s/ Roberta Goss

Name: Roberta Goss

Title: Managing Director

Vibrant CLO IV, Ltd.

as a Lender

By: DFG Investment Advisers, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Roberta Goss

Name: Roberta Goss

Title: Managing Director

Vibrant CLO V, Ltd.

as a Lender

By: DFG Investment Advisers, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Roberta Goss

Name: Roberta Goss

Title: Managing Director

JMP CREDIT ADVISORS CLO III LTD.,

as a Lender

By: JMP Credit Advisors LLC, as Attorney-in-Fact

By: /s/ Christopher R. Belamy

Name: Christopher R. Belamy

Title: Director

JMP CREDIT ADVISORS CLO II LTD.,

as a Lender

By: JMP Credit Advisors LLC, as Attorney-in-Fact

By: /s/ Christopher R. Belamy

Name: Christopher R. Belamy

Title: Director

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Michael Willett

Name: Michael Willett

Title: Authorized Signatory

LCM XII Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

as Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XIII Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XIV Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XV Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XVI Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XVIII Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XIX Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XX Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XXI Limited Partnership

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

LCM XXII Ltd.

By: LCM Asset Management LLC,

As Collateral Manager

as a Lender

By: /s/ Alexander B. Kenna

Name: Alexander B. Kenna

Title:

CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Lynne Gugenheim

Name: Lynne Guganheim

Title: Senior Vice President and

Deputy General Counsel

Mackenzie Floating Rate Income ETF

Mackenzie Core Plus Global Fixed Income ETF

Mackenzie Unconstrained Bond ETF

as a Lender

By: /s/ Movin Mokbel

Name: Movin Mokbel

Title: VP Investments

By: /s/ Felix Wong

Name: Felix Wong

Title: VP Investments

MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Nick Meserve

Name: Nick Meserve

Title: Managing Director

HMS FUNDING I LLC

as a Lender

By: HMS Income Fund, Inc.

Its Designated Manager

By: /s/ Alejandro Palomo

Name: Alejandro Palomo

Title: Authorized Agent

VENTURE XV CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advsor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XVI CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: Its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XVII CLO Limited,

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor, MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XVIII CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XI CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor, MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XII CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor,

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XIII CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XIV CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XIX CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XX CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XXI CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XXIII CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XXIV CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment advisor

MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

VENTURE XXV CLO, Limited

as a Lender

By: its investment Advisor, MJX Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Frederick Taylor

Name: Frederick Taylor

Title: Managing Director

Monroe Capital BSL CLO 2015-1, Ltd.

By: Monroe Capital Management LLC, as Collateral Manager and Attorney-in-Fact

By: /s/ Alex Parmacek

Name: Alex Parmacek

Title: Assistant Vice President

Arch Street CLO, Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Scott D’Orsi

Name: Scott D’Orsi

Title: Portfolio Manager

OZLM FUNDING III, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its portfolio manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM FUNDING IV, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its portfolio manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM FUNDING V, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its portfolio manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM VI, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its asset manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM VII, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its collateral manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM VIII, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its collateral manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM IX, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its collateral manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM XI, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its collateral manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM XII, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its collateral manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

OZLM XIII, LTD., as Lender

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LP, its collateral manager

By: Och-Ziff Loan Management LLC, its general partner

By: /s/ Wayne Cohen

Name: Wayne Cohen

Title: Chief Operating Officer

Dryden XXIV Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden XXV Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden XXVI Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden XXVIII Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 30 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 31 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 33 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 34 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 36 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 37 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 38 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 40 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 41 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 42 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 43 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 45 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 47 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Dryden 49 Senior Loan Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Collateral Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Internationale Kapitalanlagegesellschaft mbH for

account of GOTH LOANS, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Fund Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 14 - Prudential

Floating Rate Income Fund, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Investment Advisor

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Prudential Bank Loan Fund of the Prudential Trust Company Collective Trust, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Investment Advisor

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Pramerica Global Loan Opportunities Limited,

as a Lender By: PGIM, Inc., as Investment Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Pramerica Loan Opportunities Limited, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Investment Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Leveraged Loan (JPY hedged) fund a Series Trust

Of Cayman World Invest Trust, as a Lender

By: PGIM, Inc., as Investment Manager

By: /s/ Joseph Lemanowicz

Name: Joseph Lemanowicz

Title: Vice President

Ascension Alpha Fund, LLC

as a Lender

By: Pioneer Institutional Asset Management, Inc.,

As its adviser

By: /s/ Margaret C. Begley

Name: Margaret C. Begley

Title: Vice President and Associate General Counsel

Ascension Health Master Pension Trust

as a Lender

By: Pioneer Institutional Asset Management, Inc.,

As its adviser

By: /s/ Margaret C. Begley

Name: Margaret C. Begley

Title: Vice President and Associate General Counsel

Pioneer Floating Rate Fund

As a Lender

By: Pioneer Investment Management, Inc.,

As its adviser

By: /s/ Margaret C. Begley

Name: Margaret C. Begley

Title: Vice President and Associate General Counsel

Steele Creek CLO 2014-1, LTD.,

as a Lender

By: Steele Creek Investment Management, LLC

By: /s/ Will Farr

Name: Will Farr

Title: Senior Research Analyst

Steele Creek CLO 2015-1, LTD.,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Will Farr

Name: Will Farr

Title: Senior Research Analyst

Steele Creek CLO 2016-1, LTD.,

as a Lender

By: /s/ Will Farr

Name: Margaret C. Begley

Title: Senior Research Analyst

BayCity Senior Loan Master Fund, LTD.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: portfolio manager

California Street CLO XI, Limited Partnership,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: portfolio manager

California Street CLO XII, Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: portfolio manager

Nuveen Floating Rate Income Fund,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: portfolio manager

Nuveen Floating Rate Income Opportunity Fund,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: portfolio manager

Nuveen Senior Income Fund,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: portfolio manager

SCOF-2 LTD.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: Portfolio Manager

SSF-1 LLC,

As a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: portfolio manager

Symphony CLO XIV, Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: Portfolio Manager

Symphony CLO XV, Ltd..

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: Portfolio Manager

Symphony CLO XVI, Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

As a Lender

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: Portfolio Manager

Symphony CLO XVII, Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: Portfolio Manager

Symphony CLO XVIII, Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: Portfolio Manager

TCI Symphony CLO 2016-1, Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: Symphony Asset Management LLC

By: /s/ Scott Caraher

Name: Scott Caraher

Title: Portfolio Manager

Crown Point CLO II Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: /s/ John D’Angelo

Name: John D’Angelo

Title: Sr. Portfolio Manager

Crown Point CLO III Ltd.,

as a Lender

By: Valcour Capital Management LLC, as its

Collateral Manager

By: /s/ John D’Angelo

Name: John D’Angelo

Title: Sr. Portfolio Manager

Exhibit 21.1

Horizon Global Corporation Significant ⁽¹⁾ Subsidiary List

Horizon Global Americas Inc. (Delaware corporation)

Cequent UK Limited (United Kingdom)

Horizon Global Holdings Australia Pty. Ltd. (Australia)

TriMotive Asia Pacific Limited (Thailand)

Westfalia - Automotive GmbH (Germany)

Certain companies may also use trade names or other assumed names in the conduct of their business.

⁽¹⁾ As defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X, and other more significant operating companies as determined by management

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-205195 on Form S-8 and Registration Statement No. 333-215178 on Form S-3 of our report dated March 10, 2017, relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule of Horizon Global Corporation and subsidiaries (which report expresses an unqualified opinion on the financial statements and includes an explanatory paragraph referring to the financial statements prior to June 30, 2015, being prepared from the records of TriMas Corporation and for the period subsequent to June 30, 2015, being prepared from the records of Horizon Global Corporation on a stand-alone basis), appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Horizon Global Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2016.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Detroit, Michigan

March 10, 2017

Exhibit 31.1

Certification

Pursuant to Section 302 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Chapter 63, Title 18 U.S.C. Section 1350(A) and (B))

I, A. Mark Zeffiro, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Horizon Global Corporation;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 10, 2017



/s/ A. MARK ZEFFIRO
A. Mark Zeffiro Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

Certification

Pursuant to Section 302 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Chapter 63, Title 18 U.S.C. Section 1350(A) and (B))

I, David G. Rice, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Horizon Global Corporation;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 10, 2017



/s/ DAVID G. RICE
David G. Rice Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

Certification Pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Horizon Global Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, A. Mark Zeffiro, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:


1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and


2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 10, 2017



/s/ A. MARK ZEFFIRO
A. Mark Zeffiro Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 32.2

Certification Pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Horizon Global Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, David G. Rice, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:


1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and


2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 10, 2017



	/s/ DAVID G. RICE
	David G. Rice Chief Financial Officer