As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 7, 2020
 
File No.  333-182274
File No.:  811-22310
 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM N-1A
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
PreEffective Amendment No.       
PostEffective Amendment No.  120
and/or 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No.  122
 
ETF MANAGERS TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
 
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor
Summit, New Jersey 07901
 (Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)
 
 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
(877) 756-7873
 
Corporation Service Company
2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400
Wilmington, DE 19808
 (Name and Address of Agent for Service)
 
Copy to:
Eric Simanek, Esq
Sullivan & Worcester LLP
1666 K Street NW
Washington, DC 20006
 
As soon as practical after the effective date of this Registration Statement
(Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering) 
 
It is proposed that this filing will become effective
 
immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
on                                pursuant to paragraph (b)
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
on                               pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
on                               pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
 
If appropriate, check the following box
 
[  ]
this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.


 
 
 
 
ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF
(MJ)
 
Listed on NYSE Arca
 
PROSPECTUS 
January 31, 2020
 
Fund shares are not individually redeemable by the Fund 
but trade on the NYSE Arca, Inc. in individual share lots.
 
Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the SEC, paper copies of the Funds’ shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the Funds’ reports from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.
 
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. Please contact your financial intermediary to elect to receive shareholder reports and other Fund communications electronically.
 
You may elect to receive all future Fund reports in paper free of charge. Please contact your financial intermediary to inform them that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of Fund shareholder reports and for details about whether your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary.
 
THE SEC HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR 
PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY  
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
 
 
 
 
About This Prospectus
 
This prospectus has been arranged into different sections so that you can easily review this important information. For detailed information about the Fund, please see:
 
Table of Contents
 
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 ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF — Fund Summary
 
Investment Objective
 
The ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to provide investment results that, before fees and expenses, correspond generally to the total return performance of the Prime Alternative Harvest Index (the “Index”).
 
Fees and Expenses
 
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The fees are expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets. This table and the Example below do not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Fund shares.
 
 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
 
 
 
    Management Fee
  0.75%
    Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
  None
 
    Other Expenses
  0.00%
    Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
  0.75%
 
Example
 
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. This Example does not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Fund shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:
 
 
1 Year
 
 
3 Years
 
 
5 Years
 
 
10 Years
 
 $77 
 $240 
 $417 
 $930 
 
Portfolio Turnover
 
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 71% of the average value of its portfolio.
 
Principal Investment Strategies
 
The Fund uses a “passive” or indexing approach to try to achieve its investment objective. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not try to “beat” the Index and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets decline or appear overvalued.
 
The Fund uses a replication strategy. A replication strategy is an indexing strategy that involves investing in the securities of the Index in approximately the same proportions as in the Index. However, the Fund may utilize a representative sampling strategy with respect to the Index when a replication strategy might be detrimental to shareholders, such as when there are practical difficulties or substantial costs involved in compiling a portfolio of equity securities to follow the Index, in instances in which a security in the Index becomes temporarily illiquid, unavailable or less liquid, or as a result of legal restrictions or limitations (such as tax diversification requirements) that apply to the Fund but not the Index.
 
 
1
 
 
The Index tracks the performance of the exchange-listed common stock (or corresponding American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) or Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”)) of companies across the globe, including U.S. companies, that (i) are engaged in the legal cultivation of cannabis, including industrial hemp, or the legal production, marketing or distribution of cannabis, including industrial hemp, products for medical or non-medical purposes (“Cannabis Companies”); (ii) engage in the lawful creation, marketing or distribution of prescription drugs that utilize cannabinoids as an active ingredient (“Pharmaceutical Companies”); (iii) trade tobacco or produce tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars or electronic cigarettes; (iv) produce cigarette and cigar components, such as cigarette paper and filters; or (v) engage in the creation, production and distribution of fertilizers, plant foods, pesticides or growing equipment to be used in the cultivation of cannabis or tobacco. The Index only includes companies that are engaged exclusively in legal activities under applicable national and local laws, including U.S. federal and state laws. Companies whose business activities are legal under state cannabis law, but not legal under federal cannabis law, are automatically ineligible for inclusion in the Index. Because the Index only includes companies that are currently engaged exclusively in legal activities under applicable national and local laws, the Index will not include any company that engages in the cultivation, production or distribution of marijuana or products derived from marijuana for medical or non-medical purposes in a particular country, including the United States, unless and until such time as the cultivation, production or distribution of medical or non-medical marijuana, as applicable, becomes legal under all local and national laws governing the company in such country.
 
“Applicable national and local laws” refers to (i) controlled substance laws and regulations or (ii) food, drug, and cosmetics, or equivalent laws and regulations under whose jurisdiction the company is subject that govern the cultivation, production or distribution, for medical or non-medical purposes, of marijuana in a particular country. “Hemp” refers to cannabis plants with a tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”) concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis, as well as derivatives thereof, whereas “marijuana” refers to all other cannabis plants and derivatives thereof.
 
A Cannabis Company is considered to be primarily engaged in a line of business if it derives more than 50% of its revenue from such activity. The Cannabis Companies would possess all necessary permits and licenses to legally grow marijuana. As of the date of this prospectus, the Cannabis Companies do not include companies that grow or distribute marijuana inside of the United States. Cannabis Companies may, however, include companies that have a business interest in the hemp and hemp-based products markets within the United States. Additionally, the Cannabis Companies only supply products for activities that are legal under applicable national and local laws, including U.S. federal and state laws.
 
The Pharmaceutical Companies produce, market or distribute drug products that use cannabinoids to create government approved drugs. Cannabinoids are extracts from the cannabis plant and include tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol (“CBD”), dronabinol and nabilone. All Pharmaceutical Companies would have the necessary permits and licenses to engage in lawful medical research using cannabinoids to produce government approved drugs, or to otherwise produce, market or distribute such drugs. This activity is distinct from the “medical marijuana” business, which refers to the use of the cannabis leaf, as opposed to specific extracts in pharmaceutical form, to alleviate the symptoms of injury or illness.
 
The initial universe of companies engaged in the above activities is determined based on proprietary research and analysis conducted by the Index Provider. The Index Provider uses a variety of publicly available resources for such analysis, including shareholder reports of issuers or the Bloomberg Terminal, to determine whether a company is engaged in one of the businesses described in categories (i)-(v), above. The Index universe is then screened to eliminate the stocks that have a market capitalization of less than $200 million or a three-month average daily trading volume of less than $500,000. Additionally, component securities of the Index must not be listed on an exchange in a country which employs restrictions on foreign capital investment such that those restrictions render the component effectively non-investable for a U.S.-based fund.
 
The Index is developed and owned by Prime Indexes (the “Index Provider”), and the Index is calculated and maintained by Solactive AG. The Index Provider is independent of Solactive AG, the Fund, the Fund’s investment adviser, and the Fund’s distributor.
 
As of January 23, 2020, the Index had 36 constituents, 21 of which were foreign companies, and the three largest stocks and their weightings in the Index were Canopy Growth Corp. (10.13%), Cronos Group Inc, (8.51%), and Tilray Inc. (7.83%).
 
The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly.
 

 
 
2
 
 
The Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets, exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, in the component securities of the Index and in ADRs and GDRs based on the component securities in the Index (the “80% Policy”). The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in securities that are not in the Index to the extent that the Fund’s investment adviser believes that such investments should help the Fund’s overall portfolio track the Index.
 
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, and other financial organizations. These loans, if and when made, may not exceed 33 1/3% of the total asset value of the Fund (including the loan collateral). By lending its securities, the Fund may increase its income by receiving payments from the borrower.
 
Correlation: Correlation is the extent to which the values of different types of investments move in tandem with one another in response to changing economic and market conditions. An index is a theoretical financial calculation, while the Fund is an actual investment portfolio. The performance of the Fund and the Index may vary somewhat due to transaction costs, asset valuations, foreign currency valuations, market impact, corporate actions (such as mergers and spin-offs), legal restrictions or limitations, illiquid or unavailable securities, and timing variances.
 
The Fund’s investment adviser expects that, over time, the correlation between the Fund’s performance and that of the Index, before fees and expenses, will exceed 95%. A correlation percentage of 100% would indicate perfect correlation. If the Fund uses a replication strategy, it can be expected to have greater correlation to the Index than if it uses a representative sampling strategy.
 
Industry Concentration Policy: The Fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its net assets) in a particular industry or group of related industries to approximately the same extent that the Index is concentrated. As of January 17, 2020, the Index was concentrated in the Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology and Life Sciences group of industries.
 
Principal Risks
 
As with all funds, a shareholder is subject to the risk that his or her investment could lose money. The principal risks affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency.
 
United States Regulatory Risks of the Marijuana Industry: The possession and use of marijuana, even for medical purposes, is illegal under federal and certain states’ laws, which may negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments. Use of marijuana is regulated by both the federal government and state governments, and state and federal laws regarding marijuana often conflict. Even in those states in which the use of marijuana has been legalized, its possession and use remains a violation of federal law. Federal law criminalizing the use of marijuana pre-empts state laws that legalizes its use for medicinal and recreational purposes. Pronouncements from the current Administration suggest the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) may push back against states where marijuana use and possession is legal, step up the enforcement of federal marijuana laws and the prosecution of nonviolent federal drug crimes and, in the event the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment is not renewed by Congress, begin using federal funds to prevent states from implementing laws that authorize medical marijuana use, possession, distribution, and cultivation. Such actions by the DOJ could produce a chilling effect on the industry’s growth and discourage banks from expanding their services to cannabis-related companies where such services are currently limited. This conflict between the regulation of marijuana under federal and state law creates volatility and risk for all cannabis-related companies. In particular, the stepped up enforcement of marijuana laws by the federal government would adversely affect the value of the Fund’s U.S. investments. Certain Cannabis Companies or Pharmaceutical Companies may never be able to legally produce and sell products in the United States or other national or local jurisdictions.
 
Marijuana is a Schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (“CSA”) (21 U.S.C. § 811), meaning that it has a high potential for abuse, has no currently “accepted medical use” in the United States, lacks accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and may not be prescribed, marketed or sold in the United States. Few drug products containing natural cannabis or naturally-derived cannabis extracts have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for use in the United States or obtained registrations from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”) for commercial production. Although the cultivation of industrial hemp is legal in the United States, the FDA issued a statement saying that despite the new status of hemp, CBD is still considered an illicit drug ingredient and remains illegal to add to food or health products without the agency’s approval.
 
 
3
 
 
Cannabis-related companies in the U.S. that engage in medical or pharmaceutical research or the production and distribution of controlled substances such as marijuana must be registered with the DEA to perform such activities and have the security, control, recordkeeping, reporting and inventory mechanisms required by the DEA to prevent drug loss and diversion. Failure to obtain the necessary registrations or comply with necessary regulatory requirements may significantly impair the ability of certain companies in which the Fund invests to pursue medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana.
 
Non-U.S. Regulatory Risks of the Marijuana Industry: The companies in which the Fund invests are subject to various laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the manufacture, management, transportation, storage and disposal of marijuana, as well as being subject to laws and regulations relating to health and safety, the conduct of operations and the protection of the environment. Even if a company’s operations are permitted under current law, they may not be permitted in the future, in which case such company may not be in a position to carry on its operations in its current locations. Additionally, controlled substance legislation differs between countries and legislation in certain countries may restrict or limit the ability of certain companies in which the Fund invests to sell their products.
 
Operational Risks of the Marijuana Industry: Companies involved in the marijuana industry face intense competition, may have limited access to the services of banks, may have substantial burdens on company resources due to litigation, complaints or enforcement actions, and are heavily dependent on receiving necessary permits and authorizations to engage in medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana. Since the use of marijuana is illegal under United States federal law, federally regulated banking institutions may be unwilling to make financial services available to growers and sellers of marijuana.
 
The remaining principal risks are presented in alphabetical order. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
 
Concentration Risk: The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent that the Index is so concentrated. In such event, the value of the Fund’s shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares of a fund that invests in securities of companies in a broader range of industries.
 
Consumer Staples Sector Risk: The consumer staples sector may be affected by the permissibility of using various product components and production methods, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Tobacco companies, in particular, may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. The consumer staples sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors.
 
Equity Market Risk: The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers.
 
ETF Risks:
 
Absence of an Active Market: Although the Fund’s shares are approved for listing on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop and be maintained for Fund shares. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Fund may experience greater tracking error to its Index than it otherwise would at higher asset levels or the Fund may ultimately liquidate.
 
 
4
 
 
Authorized Participants (“APs”), Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk: The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to net asset value (“NAV”) and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. The risks associated with limited APs may be heightened in scenarios where APs have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post collateral.
 
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares: Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of shares.
 
Fluctuation of NAV: The NAV of Fund shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s securities holdings. The market prices of shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in the Fund’s NAV and supply and demand of shares on the Exchange. It cannot be predicted whether Fund shares will trade below, at or above their NAV. During periods of unusual volatility or market disruptions, market prices of Fund shares may deviate significantly from the market value of the Fund’s securities holdings or the NAV of Fund shares. As a result, investors in the Fund may pay significantly more or receive significantly less for Fund shares than the value of the Fund’s underlying securities or the NAV of Fund shares.

Limitations of Indicative Optimized Portfolio Value (“IOPV”) Risk: The Exchange (or market data vendors or other information providers) will disseminate, every fifteen seconds during the regular trading day, an intraday value of the Fund’s shares, also known as the IOPV. The IOPV calculations are estimates of the value of the Fund’s NAV per share and are based on the Fund’s portfolio holdings and cash, less accrued expenses, divided by the number of shares of the Fund outstanding as of the time of the prior day’s NAV calculation. Premiums and discounts between the IOPV and the market price of the Fund’s shares may occur. The IOPV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, it should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV per share of the Fund, which is calculated only once a day. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States. Additionally, the calculation of the NAV may reflect the fair values of certain Fund holdings, which may result in different prices than those used in the calculations of the IOPV. This may result in market prices for Fund shares deviating from the value of the Fund’s underlying securities. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser, nor any of their affiliates are involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IOPV and make no warranty as to its accuracy.
 
Market Trading Risk: An investment in the Fund faces numerous market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of the Fund. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV.
 
Trading Issues: Although Fund shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”), there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of any Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that the shares will trade with any volume, or at all. Further, secondary markets may be subject to erratic trading activity,wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in Fund shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in the Fund’s market price from its NAV.
 
 
5
 
   
Foreign Investment Risk: Returns on investments in foreign stocks could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. stocks.
 
Currency Risk: Indirect and direct exposure to foreign currencies subjects the Fund to the risk that currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad.
 
Depositary Receipts Risk:   The Fund may invest in depositary receipts. Investment in ADRs and GDRs may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market and GDRs, many of which are issued by companies in emerging markets, may be more volatile and less liquid than depositary receipts issued by companies in more developed markets.
 
Foreign Market and Trading Risk: The trading markets for many foreign securities are not as active as U.S. markets and may have less governmental regulation and oversight. Foreign markets also may have clearance and settlement procedures that make it difficult for the Fund to buy and sell securities. These factors could result in a loss to the Fund by causing the Fund to be unable to dispose of an investment or to miss an attractive investment opportunity, or by causing Fund assets to be uninvested for some period of time.
 
Foreign Securities Risk: The Fund invests a significant portion of its assets directly in securities of issuers based outside of the U.S., or in depositary receipts that represent such securities. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in securities of U.S. issuers, such as risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability, as well as varying regulatory requirements applicable to investments in non-U.S. issuers. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may also be subject to different regulatory, accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers.
 
Political and Economic Risk: The Fund is subject to foreign political and economic risk not associated with U.S. investments, meaning that political events, social and economic events and natural disasters occurring in a country where the Fund invests could cause the Fund’s investments in that country to experience gains or losses. The Fund also could be unable to enforce its ownership rights or pursue legal remedies in countries where it invests.
 
Health Care Companies Risk: Health care companies are subject to extensive government regulation and their profitability can be significantly affected by restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure (including price discounting), limited product lines, and an increased emphasis on the delivery of healthcare through outpatient services. Health care companies are heavily dependent on obtaining and defending patents, which may be time consuming and costly, and the expiration of patents may also adversely affect the profitability of the companies. Health care companies are also subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies, or other market developments. Many new products in the health care field require significant research and development and may be subject to regulatory approvals, all of which may be time consuming and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market.
 
Biotechnology Company Risk:  A biotechnology company’s valuation can often be based largely on the potential or actual performance of a limited number of products and can accordingly be greatly affected if one of its products proves, among other things, unsafe, ineffective or unprofitable. Biotechnology companies are subject to regulation by, and the restrictions of, the FDA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state and local governments, and foreign regulatory authorities.
 
Pharmaceutical Company Risk:  Companies in the pharmaceutical industry can be significantly affected by, among other things, government approval of products and services, government regulation and reimbursement rates, product liability claims, patent expirations and protection and intense competition.
 
 
6
 
  
Non-Diversification Risk: Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a small number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a small number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
 
Non-Cannabis Related Business Risk: Many of the companies in the Index are engaged in other lines of business unrelated to the activities identified in the principal investment strategies, above, and these lines of business could adversely affect their operating results. The operating results of these companies may fluctuate as a result of events in the other lines of business. In addition, a company’s ability to engage in new activities may expose it to business risks with which it has less experience than it has with the business risks associated with its traditional businesses. There can be no assurance that the other lines of business in which these companies are engaged will not have an adverse effect on a company’s business or financial condition.
 
Passive Investment Risk: The Fund is not actively managed and therefore would not sell an equity security due to current or projected underperformance of a security, industry or sector, unless that security is removed from the Index.
 
Risks Related to Investing in Canada: Because the investments of the Fund are geographically concentrated in Canadian companies or companies that have a significant presence in Canada, investment results could be dependent on the financial condition of the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is reliant on the sale of natural resources and commodities, which can pose risks such as the fluctuation of prices and the variability of demand for exportation of such products. Changes in spending on Canadian products by the economies of other countries or changes in any of these economies may cause a significant impact on the Canadian economy. In particular, the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners, including the United States and China.
 
Risks Related to Investing in Europe: The economies and markets of European countries are often closely connected and interdependent, and events in one country in Europe can have an adverse impact on other European countries. The Fund makes investments in securities of issuers that are domiciled in, or have significant operations in, member countries of the European Union (the “EU”) that are subject to economic and monetary controls that can adversely affect the Fund’s investments. The European financial markets have experienced volatility and adverse trends in recent years and these events have adversely affected the exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect other European countries. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners, including some or all of the European countries in which the Fund invests.
 
In a referendum held in June 2016 (known as “Brexit”), the United Kingdom (“UK”) voted to leave the EU. As a result of the political divisions within the UK and between the UK and the EU that the referendum vote has highlighted and the uncertain consequences of a Brexit, the UK and European economies and the broader global economy could be significantly impacted, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth on markets in the UK, Europe and globally that could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s investments.
 
 
7
 
 
Sector Risk: To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.
 
Securities Lending Risk: The Fund may engage in securities lending. The Fund may lose money if the borrower of the loaned securities delays returning in a timely manner or fails to return the loaned securities. Securities lending involves the risk that the Fund could lose money in the event of a decline in the value of collateral provided for loaned securities.  In addition, the Fund bears the risk of loss in connection with its investment of the cash collateral it receives from a borrower. To the extent that the value or return of the Fund’s investment of the cash collateral declines below the amount owed to the borrower, the Fund may incur losses that exceed the amount it earned on lending the security.
 
Smaller Companies Risk: The Fund’s Index may be composed primarily of, or have significant exposure to, securities of smaller companies. If it does so, it may be subject to certain risks associated with smaller companies. Smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies, and may underperform other segments of the market or the equity market as a whole. The securities of smaller companies also tend to be bought and sold less frequently and at significantly lower trading volumes than the securities of larger companies. As a result, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell a significant amount of the securities of a smaller company without an adverse impact on the price of the company’s securities, or the Fund may have to sell such securities in smaller quantities over a longer period of time, which may increase the Fund’s tracking error.
 
Tax Risk: To qualify for the favorable tax treatment generally available to regulated investment companies, the Fund must satisfy certain diversification requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In particular, the Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund’s assets and (b) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund. When the Index is concentrated in a relatively small number of securities, it may not be possible for the Fund to fully implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy while satisfying these diversification requirements. The Fund’s efforts to satisfy the diversification requirements may cause the Fund’s return to deviate from that of the Index, and the Fund’s efforts to replicate the Index may cause it inadvertently to fail to satisfy the diversification requirements. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.
 
Tracking Error Risk: The Fund’s return may not match or achieve a high degree of correlation with the return of the Index. To the extent the Fund utilizes a sampling approach, it may experience tracking error to a greater extent than if the Fund sought to replicate the Index. In addition, in order to minimize the market impact of an Index rebalance, the Fund may begin trading to effect the rebalance in advance of the effective date of the rebalance and continue trading after the effective date of the rebalance, which may contribute to tracking error.
 
Valuation Risk: The sales price that the Fund could receive for a security may differ from the Fund’s valuation of the security and may differ from the value used by the Index, particularly for securities that trade in low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. In addition, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares.
 
Performance Information
 
The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the annual return for the Fund. The table shows how the Fund’s average annual returns for one year and since inception compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. On December 26, 2017, the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategy were substantially revised; therefore, the performance and average annual total returns shown for periods prior to December 26, 2017 is likely to have differed had the Fund’s current investment strategy been in effect during those periods.
 
Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.etfmj.com or by calling 844-ETFMGRS (844-383-6477). 
 
 
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During the period of time shown in the bar chart, the Fund’s highest return for a calendar quarter was 46.31% (quarter ended March 31, 2019) and the Fund’s lowest return for a calendar quarter was -36.33% (quarter ended December 31, 2018).
 
Average Annual Total Returns
(for the period ended December 31, 2019)
 
 
 
1 Year
 
 
Since Inception
12/3/15
 
Return Before Taxes
  -28.56%
  -3.00%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
  -29.60%
  -5.32%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
  -16.57%
  -2.88%
S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
  31.49%
  14.11%
Solactive Latin America Real Estate Index/Prime Alternative Harvest Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1
  -29.77%
  -2.24%
1 The table reflects performance of the Solactive Latin America Real Estate Index through December 26, 2017 and the Prime Alternative Harvest Index thereafter.
 
After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown and are not relevant if you hold your shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases the return after taxes may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period.
 
Investment Adviser
 
ETF Managers Group LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund.
 
Portfolio Managers
 
Samuel R. Masucci, III, Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser, and Devin Ryder, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, have been the Fund’s portfolio managers since 2018. Frank Vallario, Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser, and Donal Bishnoi, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, have been the Fund’s portfolio managers since 2019.
 
 
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Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
 
Individual shares may only be purchased and sold on a national securities exchange through a broker-dealer. You can purchase and sell individual shares of the Fund throughout the trading day like any publicly traded security. The Fund’s shares are listed on the Exchange. The price of the Fund’s shares is based on market price, and because exchange-traded fund shares trade at market prices rather than net asset value (“NAV”), shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). The Fund issues and redeems shares on a continuous basis, at NAV, only in blocks of 50,000 shares (“Creation Units”), principally in-kind for securities included in the Index, and only Authorized Participants (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities.
 
Tax Information
 
The distributions made by the Fund are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an IRA or other tax-advantaged account. However, subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged account may be subject to federal income tax. You should consult your tax advisor about your specific tax situation.
 
Financial Intermediary Compensation
 
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Fund shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 Additional Information about the Fund’s Investment Objective and Strategies
 
The Fund, using an “indexing” investment approach, seeks to provide investment results that, before fees and expenses, correspond generally to the total return performance of the Index. A number of factors may affect the Fund’s ability to achieve a high correlation with the Index, including the degree to which the Fund utilizes a sampling methodology. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of correlation. The Adviser may sell securities that are represented in the Fund’s Index or purchase securities not yet represented in the Index, in anticipation of their removal from or addition to the Index. There may also be instances in which the Adviser may choose to overweight securities in the Fund’s Index, thus causing the Fund to purchase or sell securities not in the Index, but which the Adviser believes are appropriate to substitute for certain securities in the Index. The Fund will not take defensive positions.
 
As of the date of this prospectus, the securities of Cannabis Companies and Pharmaceutical Companies held by the Fund will be purchased on regulated, major stock exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE American, Nasdaq Stock Market, TSX Exchange, and TSX Venture Exchange. Cannabis Companies and Pharmaceutical Companies do not, as of the date of this prospectus, include those companies whose securities trade on the Canadian Stock Exchange.
 
The Fund’s investment objective and 80% Policy have been adopted as non-fundamental investment policies and may be changed by Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) without shareholder approval upon written notice to shareholders.
 
The Fund, as part of its securities lending program, may invest collateral in an affiliated series of ETF Managers Trust, ETFMG Sit Ultra Short ETF. ETF Managers Group LLC serves as the investment adviser to ETFMG Sit Ultra Short ETF.
 
 
 Additional Risk Information
 
The following section provides additional information regarding the principal risks identified under “Principal Risks” in the Fund’s summary.  
 
 
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United States Regulatory Risks of the Marijuana Industry: The possession and use of marijuana, even for medical purposes, is illegal under federal and certain states’ laws, which may negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments. Use of marijuana is regulated by both the federal government and state governments, and state and federal laws regarding marijuana often conflict. Marijuana is a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA and is illegal under federal law. Currently, over half of the states plus the District of Columbia have laws and/or regulations that recognize, in one form or another, legitimate medical uses for cannabis and consumer use of cannabis in connection with medical treatment or for non-medical purposes. Even in those states in which the use of marijuana for medical or non-medical purposes has been legalized, its sale and use remains a violation of federal law. Federal law criminalizing the use of marijuana pre-empts state laws that legalizes its use for medicinal and recreational purposes. Pronouncements from the current Administration suggest the DOJ may push back against states where marijuana use and possession is legal and step up the enforcement of federal marijuana laws and the prosecution of nonviolent federal drug crimes. Congress may fail to renew the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment, which currently prohibits the DOJ from using federal funds to prevent states from implementing laws that authorize medical marijuana use, possession, distribution, and cultivation. Such actions could produce a chilling effect on the industry’s growth and discourage banks from expanding their services to cannabis-related companies. This conflict between the regulation of marijuana under federal and state law creates volatility and risk for all cannabis-related companies. In particular, the stepped up enforcement of marijuana laws by the federal government would adversely affect the value of the Fund’s U.S. investments. Certain Cannabis Companies or Pharmaceutical Companies may never be able to legally produce and sell products in the United States or other national or local jurisdictions.
 
As noted above, marijuana is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States under the CSA. The DEA classifies controlled substances into five schedules: Schedule I, II, III, IV or V substances. Schedule I substances by definition have a high potential for abuse, have no currently “accepted medical use” in the United States, lack accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and may not be prescribed, marketed or sold in the United States. Pharmaceutical products approved by the FDA for use in the United States may be listed as Schedule II, III, IV or V, with Schedule II substances considered to present the highest potential for abuse or dependence and Schedule V substances the lowest relative risk among such substances.
 
Few drug products containing natural cannabis or naturally-derived cannabis extracts have been approved by the FDA for use in the United States or obtained DEA registrations for commercial production. Drug product containing cannabis or cannabis extracts that receive the required government approvals for use in commercial production may be subject to significant government regulation regarding manufacture, importation, exportation, domestic distribution, storage, sale, and legitimate use. In addition, the scheduling process may take one or more years, thereby delaying the launch of the drug product in the United States. Although the cultivation of hemp is legal in the United States, the FDA issued a statement saying that despite the new status of hemp, CBD is still considered an illicit drug ingredient and remains illegal to add to food or health products without the agency’s approval.
 
Cannabis-related companies in the U.S. that engage in medical or pharmaceutical research or the production and distribution of controlled substances such as marijuana must be registered with the DEA to perform such activities and have the security, control, recordkeeping, reporting and inventory mechanisms required by the DEA to prevent drug loss and diversion. Failure to obtain the necessary registrations or comply with necessary regulatory requirements may significantly impair the ability of certain companies in which the Fund invests to pursue medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana.
 
Non-U.S. Regulatory Risks of the Marijuana Industry: The companies in which the Fund invests are subject to various laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the manufacture, management, transportation, storage and disposal of marijuana, as well as being subject to laws and regulations relating to health and safety, the conduct of operations and the protection of the environment. Even if a company’s operations are permitted under current law, they may not be permitted in the future, in which case such company may not be in a position to carry on its operations in its current locations. Additionally, controlled substance legislation differs between countries and legislation in certain countries may restrict or limit the ability of certain companies in which the Fund invests to sell their products.
 
Operational Risks of the Marijuana Industry: Companies involved in the marijuana industry face intense competition, may have limited access to the services of banks, may have substantial burdens on company resources due to litigation, complaints or enforcement actions, and are heavily dependent on receiving necessary permits and authorizations to engage in medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana. Since the use of marijuana is illegal under United States federal law, federally regulated banking institutions may be unwilling to make financial services available to growers and sellers of marijuana. Additionally, to the extent that the United States and other countries pass laws that permit the personal cultivation of marijuana, the markets may shrink for certain companies in which the Fund invests. 
 
 
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Companies participating in the marijuana industry may face litigation, formal or informal complaints, enforcement actions, and inquiries by various federal, state, or local governmental authorities. Litigation, complaints, and enforcement actions could consume considerable amounts of financial and other corporate resources, which could have a negative impact on sales, revenue, profitability, and growth prospects. Similarly, certain companies may not be able to obtain or maintain the necessary licenses, permits, authorizations, or accreditations, or may only be able to do so at great cost, to engage in medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana. Failure to comply with or to obtain the necessary licenses, permits, authorizations, or accreditations could result in restrictions on a company’s ability to legally engage in medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana, which could have a negative impact on the value of the Fund’s investments.
 
The remaining principal risks are presented in alphabetical order. Each risk summarized below is considered a "principal risk" of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
 
Concentration Risk: The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent that the Index is so concentrated. In such event, the value of the Fund’s shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares of a fund that invests in securities of companies in a broader range of industries.
 
Consumer Staples Sector Risk: Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
 
Equity Market Risk: An investment in the Fund involves risks of investing in equity securities, such as market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in securities prices. The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments. Different types of equity securities tend to go through cycles of out-performance and under-performance in comparison to the general securities markets. In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally. Holders of common stocks incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the issuer, have generally inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors of, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks issued by, the issuer.
 
ETF Risks:
 
Absence of an Active Market: Although the Fund’s shares are approved for listing on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop and be maintained for Fund shares. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Fund may experience greater tracking error to its Index than it otherwise would at higher asset levels or the Fund may ultimately liquidate.
 
Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk: The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”), none of which are obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, there may be a significantly diminished trading market for Fund shares and shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. The risks associated with limited APs may be heightened in scenarios where APs have limited or diminished access to the capital required to post collateral.
 
 
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Costs of Buying or Selling Shares: Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price that an investor is willing to pay for shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund’s shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Fund’s shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
 
Fluctuation of NAV: The NAV of Fund shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s securities holdings. The market prices of shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in the Fund’s NAV and supply and demand of shares on the Exchange. It cannot be predicted whether Fund shares will trade below, at or above their NAV. Price differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for shares will be closely relatedto, but not identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the securities of the Index trading individually or in the aggregate at any point in time. The market prices of Fund shares may deviate significantly from the NAV of the shares during periods of market volatility. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that Fund shares normally will trade close to the Fund’s NAV, disruptions to creations and redemptions may result in trading prices that differ significantly from the Fund’s NAV. As a result, investors in the Fund may pay significantly more or receive significantly less for Fund shares than the value of a Fund’s underlying securities or the NAV of Fund shares. If an investor purchases Fund shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV of the shares or sells at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV of the shares, then the investor may sustain losses.
 
Limitations of Indicative Optimized Portfolio Value (“IOPV”) Risk: The Exchange (or market data vendors or other information providers) will disseminate, every fifteen seconds during the regular trading day, an intraday value of the Fund’s shares, also known as the IOPV. The IOPV calculations are estimates of the value of the Fund’s NAV per share and are based on the Fund’s portfolio holdings and cash, less accrued expenses, divided by the number of shares of the Fund outstanding as of the time of the prior day’s NAV calculation. Premiums and discounts between the IOPV and the market price of the Fund’s shares may occur. The IOPV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, it should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV per share of the Fund, which is calculated only once a day. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States. Additionally, the calculation of the NAV may reflect the fair values of certain Fund holdings, which may result in different prices than those used in the calculations of the IOPV. This may result in market prices for Fund shares deviating from the value of the Fund’s underlying securities. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser, nor any of their affiliates are involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IOPV and make no warranty as to its accuracy.
 
Market Trading Risk: An investment in the Fund faces numerous market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of the Fund. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV.
 
 
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Trading Issues: Although Fund shares are listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in shares is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500 Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%., 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Fund shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Fund shares. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that the shares will trade with any volume, or at all. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Fund’s shares, potentially causing the market price of the Fund’s shares to deviate from their NAV.
 
Further, secondary markets may be subject to erratic trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and Authorized Participants may step away from making a market in Fund shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in a Fund’s market price from its NAV.  Decisions by market makers or Authorized Participants to reduce their role or step away from these activities in times of market stress could inhibit the effectiveness of the arbitrage process in maintaining the relationship between the underlying value of a Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund’s market price. This reduced effectiveness could result in Fund shares trading at a price which differs materially from NAV and also in greater than normal intraday bid/ask spreads for Fund shares.
 
Foreign Investment Risk: Returns on investments in foreign stocks could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. stocks.
 
Currency Risk. Indirect and direct exposure to foreign currencies subjects the Fund to the risk that currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad. The Fund’s NAV is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars and, therefore, the Fund may lose value if the local currency of a foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, even if the local currency value of the Fund’s holdings goes up.
 
Depositary Receipts Risk. The Fund may invest in depositary receipts. Depositary receipts include ADRs and GDRs. ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts representing shares of foreign-based corporations. ADRs are issued by U.S. banks or trust companies, and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares.
 
GDRs are depositary receipts which are similar to ADRs, but are shares of foreign-based corporations generally issued by international banks in one or more markets around the world. Investment in ADRs and GDRs may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market and GDRs, many of which are issued by companies in emerging markets, may be more volatile and less liquid than depositary receipts issued by companies in more developed markets.
 
Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. Sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depositary and the underlying issuer, whereas unsponsored depositary receipts may be established by a depositary without participation by the underlying issuer. Holders of an unsponsored depositary receipt generally bear all the costs associated with establishing the unsponsored depositary receipt. In addition, the issuers of the securities underlying unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts.
 
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Depositary receipts may be unregistered and unlisted. The Fund’s investments also may include ADRs and GDRs that are not purchased in the public markets and are restricted securities that can be offered and sold only to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Adviser will determine the liquidity of such investments pursuant to guidelines established by the Board. If a particular investment in such ADRs or GDRs is deemed illiquid, that investment will be included within the Fund’s limitation on investment in illiquid securities. Moreover, if adverse market conditions were to develop during the period between the Fund’s decision to sell these types of ADRs or GDRs and the point at which the Fund is permitted or able to sell such security, the Fund might obtain a price less favorable than the price that prevailed when it decided to sell. 
 
Foreign Market and Trading Risk. The trading markets for many foreign securities are not as active as U.S. markets and may have less governmental regulation and oversight. Foreign markets also may have clearance and settlement procedures that make it difficult for the Fund to buy and sell securities. These factors could result in a loss to the Fund by causing the Fund to be unable to dispose of an investment or to miss an attractive investment opportunity, or by causing Fund assets to be uninvested for some period of time. Where all or a part of the Fund’s underlying securities trade in a market that is closed when the Exchange is open, there may be changes between the last quotation from its closed foreign market and the value of such securities during the Fund’s domestic trading day. This could lead to differences between the market price of the Fund shares and the value of the Fund’s underlying securities.
 
Foreign Securities Risk. The Fund invests in foreign securities, including non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities traded outside of the United States and U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States. Investment in foreign securities may involve higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Foreign investments may also involve risks associated with the level of currency exchange rates, less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability, as well as varying regulatory requirements applicable to investment in non-U.S. issuers. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign issuers may be subject to less stringent regulation, and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements.
 
Political and Economic Risk. The Fund is subject to foreign political and economic risk not associated with U.S. investments, meaning that political events (civil unrest, national elections, changes in political conditions and foreign relations, imposition of exchange controls and repatriation restrictions), social and economic events (labor strikes, rising inflation) and natural disasters occurring in a country where the Fund invests could cause the Fund’s investments in that country to experience gains or losses. The Fund also could be unable to enforce its ownership rights or pursue legal remedies in countries where it invests.     
 
Health Care Companies Risk: Health care companies are subject to extensive government regulation and their profitability can be significantly affected by restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure (including price discounting), limited product lines, and an increased emphasis on the delivery of healthcare through outpatient services. Health care companies are heavily dependent on obtaining and defending patents, which may be time consuming and costly, and the expiration of patents may also adversely affect the profitability of the companies. Health care companies are also subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies, or other market developments. Many new products in the health care field require significant research and development and may be subject to regulatory approvals, all of which may be time consuming and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market. Additionally, liability for products that are later alleged to be harmful or unsafe may be substantial, and may have a significant impact on a health care company’s market value and/or share price.
 
Biotechnology Company Risk:  A biotechnology company’s valuation can often be based largely on the potential or actual performance of a limited number of products and can accordingly be greatly affected if one of its products proves, among other things, unsafe, ineffective or unprofitable. Biotechnology companies are subject to regulation by, and the restrictions of, the FDA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state and local governments, and foreign regulatory authorities.
 
Pharmaceutical Company Risk:  Companies in the pharmaceutical industry can be significantly affected by, among other things, government approval of products and services, government regulation and reimbursement rates, product liability claims, patent expirations and protection and intense competition. The process for obtaining regulatory approval from the FDA or other governmental regulatory authorities is long and costly and there is no assurance that the necessary approvals will be obtained or maintained by these companies.
 
 
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Additionally, companies in the pharmaceutical industry may be adversely affected by government regulation and changes in reimbursement rates from such third party payors, such as Medicare, Medicaid and other government sponsored programs, private health insurance plans and health maintenance organizations. The ability of pharmaceutical companies to commercialize current and any futures products also depends in part on the extent reimbursement for the cost of such products and related treatments are available from these third party payors. A pharmaceutical company’s valuation may also be affected if one of its products prove unsafe, ineffective or unprofitable. The stock prices of companies in this sector have been and will likely continue to be volatile.

Non-Diversification Risk: Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a small number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a small number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
 
Non-Cannabis Related Business Risk: Many of the companies in the Index are engaged in other lines of business unrelated to the activities identified in principal investment strategies, above, and these lines of business could adversely affect their operating results. The operating results of these companies may fluctuate as a result of events in the other lines of business. In addition, a company’s ability to engage in new activities may expose it to business risks with which it has less experience than it has with the business risks associated with its traditional businesses. There can be no assurance that the other lines of business in which these companies are engaged will not have an adverse effect on a company’s business or financial condition. 
 
Passive Investment Risk: The Fund is not actively managed. Therefore, unless a specific security is removed from the Fund’s Index, the Fund generally would not sell a security because the security’s issuer was in financial trouble. If a specific security is removed from the Fund’s Index, the Fund may be forced to sell such security at an inopportune time or for a price other than the security’s current market value. An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any equity securities traded on an exchange, such as market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in security prices. It is anticipated that the value of Fund shares will decline, more or less, in correspondence with any decline in value of the Fund’s Index. The Index may not contain the appropriate mix of securities for any particular economic cycle, and the timing of movements from one type of security to another in seeking to replicate the Index could have a negative effect on the Fund. Unlike with an actively managed fund, the Adviser does not use techniques or defensive strategies designed to lessen the effects of market volatility or to reduce the impact of periods of market decline. This means that, based on market and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance could be lower than other types of funds that may actively shift their portfolio assets to take advantage of market opportunities or to lessen the impact of a market decline.
 
Risks Related to Investing in Canada: Because the investments of the Fund are geographically concentrated in Canadian companies or companies that have a significant presence in Canada, investment results could be dependent on the financial condition of the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is reliant on the sale of natural resources and commodities, which can pose risks such as the fluctuation of prices and the variability of demand for exportation of such products. Changes in spending on Canadian products by the economies of other countries or changes in any of these economies may cause a significant impact on the Canadian economy. The United States is Canada’s largest trading and investment partner, and the Canadian economy is significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total two-way merchandise trade between the United States and Canada has more than doubled. Any downturn in U.S. or Mexican economic activity is likely to have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is also dependent upon external trade with other key trading partners, including China. In addition, Canada is a large supplier of natural resources (e.g., oil, natural gas and agricultural products). As a result, the Canadian economy is sensitive to fluctuations in certain commodity prices.
 
Risks Related to Investing in Europe: The economies of Europe are highly dependent on each other, both as key trading partners and as in many cases as fellow members maintaining the euro. Reduction in trading activity among European countries may cause an adverse impact on each nation’s individual economies. European countries that are part of the Economic and Monetary Union of the EU are required to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels, and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and recessions in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners.
 
 
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The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about rising government debt levels of several European countries, including Greece, Spain, Ireland, Italy, and Portugal. These events have adversely affected the exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect every country in Europe. For some countries, the ability to repay sovereign debt is in question, and default is possible, which could affect their ability to borrow in the future. For example, Greece has been required to impose harsh austerity measures on its population to receive financial aid from the International Monetary Fund and EU member countries. These austerity measures have also led to social uprisings within Greece, as citizens have protested – at times violently – the actions of their government. The persistence of these factors may seriously reduce the economic performance of Greece and pose serious risks for the country’s economy in the future. Furthermore, there is the possibility of contagion that could occur if one country defaults on its debt, and that a default in one country could trigger declines and possible additional defaults in other countries in the region.  
 
Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets, and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro, the common currency of the EU, and/or withdraw from the EU alongside the UK, as discussed below. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
 
In June 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) approved a referendum to leave the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” which sparked depreciation in the value of the British pound, short-term declines in global stock markets, and heightened risk of continued worldwide economic volatility. As a result of Brexit, there is considerable uncertainty as to the arrangements that will apply to the UK’s relationship with the EU and other countries leading up to, and following, its withdrawal. This long-term uncertainty may affect other countries in the EU and elsewhere. Further, the UK’s departure from the EU may cause volatility within the EU, triggering prolonged economic downturns in certain European countries or sparking additional member states to contemplate departing the EU. In addition, Brexit can create actual or perceived additional economic stresses for the UK, including potential for decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty, and possible declines in business and consumer spending, as well as foreign direct investment.
  
Securities Lending Risk: The Fund may engage in securities lending. The Fund may lose money if the borrower of the loaned securities delays returning in a timely manner or fails to return the loaned securities. Securities lending involves the risk that the Fund could lose money in the event of a decline in the value of collateral provided for loaned securities. In addition, the Fund bears the risk of loss in connection with its investment of the cash collateral it receives from a borrower. When the Fund invests cash collateral in other investment companies, such investments of cash collateral will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of securities held by such investment companies. To the extent that the value or return of the Fund’s investment of the cash collateral declines below the amount owed to the borrower, the Fund may incur losses that exceed the amount it earned on lending the security.
 
Smaller Companies Risk: The Fund’s Index may be composed primarily of, or have significant exposure to, securities of smaller companies. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the risk that securities of smaller companies represented in the Index may underperform securities of larger companies or the equity market as a whole. In addition, in comparison to securities of companies with larger capitalizations, securities of smaller-capitalization companies may experience more price volatility, greater spreads between their bid and ask prices, less frequent trading, significantly lower trading volumes, and cyclical or static growth prospects. As a result of the differences between the securities of smaller companies and those of companies with larger capitalizations, it may be more difficult for a Fund to buy or sell a significant amount of the securities of a smaller company without an adverse impact on the price of the company’s securities, or a Fund may have to sell such securities in smaller quantities over a longer period of time, which may increase the Fund’s tracking error. Smaller-capitalization companies often have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, and may therefore be more vulnerable to adverse developments than larger capitalization companies. These securities may or may not pay dividends.
 
Tax Risk: To qualify for the favorable tax treatment generally available to regulated investment companies, the Fund must satisfy certain diversification requirements under the Code. In particular, the Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund’s assets and (b) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund. When an Index is concentrated in a relatively small number of securities, it may not be possible for the Fund to fully implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy while satisfying these diversification requirements. The Fund’s efforts to satisfy the diversification requirements may cause the Fund’s return to deviate from that of its Index, and the Fund’s efforts to replicate its Index may cause it inadvertently to fail to satisfy the diversification requirements.
 
If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. Distributions to the Fund’s shareholders would generally be taxed as ordinary dividends. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may be able to cure a failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, but in order to do so the Fund may incur significant Fund-level taxes and may be forced to dispose of certain assets. Relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company in any taxable year, the Fund would be required to pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year. If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund would generally be required to pay the Fund-level tax on any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year. 
 
 
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Tracking Error Risk: Tracking error refers to the risk that the Adviser may not be able to cause the Fund’s performance to match or correlate to that of the Fund’s Index, either on a daily or aggregate basis. There are a number of factors that may contribute to the Fund’s tracking error, such as Fund expenses, imperfect correlation between the Fund’s investments and those of its Index, rounding of share prices, changes to the composition of the Index, regulatory policies, and high portfolio turnover rate. In addition, mathematical compounding may prevent the Fund from correlating with the monthly, quarterly, annual or other period performance of its Index. In addition, in order to minimize the market impact of an Index rebalance, a Fund may begin trading to effect the rebalance in advance of the effective date of the rebalance and continue trading after the effective date of the rebalance. This may contribute to tracking error if the weights of the Fund’s portfolio securities diverge from the weights of the securities in the Index during the rebalancing. Tracking error in such circumstances may be greater if the Fund is trading in securities that are less liquid or lightly traded. Tracking error may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than expected.
 
Valuation Risk: The sales price that the Fund could receive for a security may differ from the Fund’s valuation of the security and may differ from the value used by the Index, particularly for securities that trade in low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. In addition, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares.
  Portfolio Holdings
 
Information about the Fund’s daily portfolio holdings will be available at www.etfmj.com. A summarized description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). 
 
 Fund Management
 
Adviser. ETF Managers Group, LLC, the investment adviser to the Fund, is a Delaware limited liability company located at 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor, Summit, New Jersey 07901. The Adviser provides investment advisory services to exchange-traded funds. The Adviser serves as investment adviser to the Fund with overall responsibility for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund, subject to the supervision of the Board. For its services, the Adviser receives, and did receive for the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, a fee that is equal to 0.75% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund, calculated daily and paid monthly.
 
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Fund and arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration, securities lending, and all other non-distribution related services necessary for the Fund to operate. Additionally, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Fund, except for: the fee paid to the Adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses (such as, among other things and subject to Board approval, certain proxy solicitation costs and non-standard Board-related expenses and litigation against the Board, Trustees, Fund, Adviser, and officers of the Adviser), and distribution (12b-1) fees and expenses (collectively, “Excluded Expenses”).
 
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s Semi-Annual Report for the period ended March 31, 2019.
 
Manager of Managers Structure. The Adviser and the Trust have received an exemptive order (the “Order”) from the SEC that permits the Adviser to enter into investment sub-advisory agreements with sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The Adviser, subject to the review and approval of the Board, may select one or more sub-advisers for the Fund and supervise, monitor and evaluate the performance of each sub-adviser.
 
 
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The Order also permits the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board, to replace sub-advisers and amend investment sub-advisory agreements, including fees, without shareholder approval whenever the Adviser and the Board believe such action will benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The Adviser thus has the ultimate responsibility (subject to the ultimate oversight of the Board) to recommend the hiring and replacement of sub-advisers as well as the discretion to terminate any sub-adviser and reallocate the Fund’s assets for management among any other sub-adviser(s) and itself. This means that the Adviser may be able to reduce the sub-advisory fees and retain a larger portion of the management fee, or increase the sub-advisory fees and retain a smaller portion of the management fee. The Adviser will compensate each sub-adviser out of its management fee. The Fund is required to provide shareholders with certain information regarding any new sub-adviser within 90 days of the hiring of any new sub-adviser. Such information generally includes the information that would have been provided to shareholders in the form of a proxy statement in the absence of the Order.
 
The Adviser’s reliance on such Order with respect to the Fund is contingent on the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities approving the Fund’s use of a manager of managers structure and the Adviser’s reliance on such Order. Prior to the date of this Prospectus, shareholders of the Fund approved the use by the Fund of a manager of managers structure and the Adviser’s reliance on such Order. 
 
 Portfolio Managers
 
The Fund’s portfolio managers are primarily responsible for the day to day management of the Fund. The portfolio managers are responsible for various functions related to portfolio management, including, but not limited to, investing cash inflows, implementing investment strategy, and researching and reviewing investment strategy.
 
The Fund is managed by Samuel R. Masucci, III, Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser, Devin Ryder, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, Frank Vallario , Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser, and Donal Bishnoi, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser.
 
Mr. Samuel Masucci, III has more than 25 years’ experience in investment banking, structured product development, sales and trading. In the last 5 years, he founded ETF Managers Group (ETFMG) which has led to the launch of 14 funds and $2 Billion in assets. Prior to ETFMG he has held senior positions at Bear Stearns, UBS, SBC Warburg, and Merrill Lynch and has experience in creating, building and managing businesses for the issuance, sales and trading of: ETFs, index products, commodity products, hedge funds, ABS, and OTC structured products in the U.S. and Europe.
 
Devin Ryder began her career with the Adviser during the summer of 2017 and re-joined the Adviser on a permanent basis in 2018 to be a part of the Adviser’s portfolio management team. Prior to joining the Adviser, Ms. Ryder was pursuing studies in the quantitative aspects of risk management and finance, for which she received a B.S. in Mathematics of Finance and Risk Management from the University of Michigan in 2017.
 
Frank Vallario serves in the role of Chief Investment Officer for the Adviser. Mr. Vallario is responsible for the portfolio construction, trading,  risk management and portfolio analysis processes associated with ETF strategies. Prior to his current role at the Adviser, Mr. Vallario has had a variety of senior roles over his 25-year career in financial services. He joined Oppenheimer Funds in 2017 where he was Head of Equity Portfolio Management for Smart Beta ETFs. Prior to that he was a Senior Portfolio Manager at Columbia Threadneedle from September 2015 to June 2017 where he was responsible for the day to day management of the firm’s ETF business, which was acquired from his previous firm, Emerging Global Advisors (EGA). From September 2010 to September 2015, he was relationship manager at MSCI responsible for providing investment solutions to complex problems using MSCI Barra’s fundamental models and portfolio construction tools. Previously, he was a partner in a start-up asset management firm where he served as the director of portfolio management. Mr. Vallario began his career at UBS Global Asset Management where he spent over a decade in various quantitative portfolio management equity roles including equity market neutral, tactical asset allocation, structured active equities, enhanced index, passive management and factor research. Mr. Vallario serves on the Investment Committee for the Girl Scouts of Connecticut and is a University Affiliate at the University of Utah - David Eccles School of Business. He received a B.S. in Finance from Lehigh University and a M.B.A. with a concentration in Finance from Rutgers University.
 
Donal A. Bishnoi , CFA, has more than 16 years of experience in portfolio management and risk management. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Bishnoi held a senior portfolio management position with Oppenheimer Funds from 2018 to 2019 where he was responsible for managing approximately $5 billion in assets across 20 passive strategies. Prior to joining Oppenheimer Funds in 2010, Mr. Bishnoi managed a long/short systematic equity strategy at Moore Capital from 2007 to 2009. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business and is a CFA charter holder.
 
The SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of the Fund’s shares.
 
 
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 Buying and Selling the Fund
 
Fund shares are listed for secondary trading on the Exchange. When you buy or sell the Fund’s shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price. You may incur customary brokerage commissions and charges and may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. The shares will trade on the Exchange at prices that may differ to varying degrees from the daily NAV of the shares. The Exchange is generally open Monday through Friday and is closed weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. 
 
NAV per share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by its total number of shares outstanding. Expenses and fees, including management and distribution fees, if any, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. NAV is determined each business day, normally as of the close of regular trading of the New York Stock Exchange (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time).
 
When determining NAV, the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities is based on market prices of the securities, which generally means a valuation obtained from an exchange or other market (or based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of the value supplied by an exchange or other market) or a valuation obtained from an independent pricing service. If a security’s market price is not readily available or does not otherwise accurately reflect the fair value of the security, the security will be valued by another method that the Board believes will better reflect fair value in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies and procedures. Fair value pricing may be used in a variety of circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations when the value of a security in the Fund’s portfolio has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which the security is principally traded but prior to the close of the Exchange (such as in the case of a corporate action or other news that may materially affect the price of a security) or trading in a security has been suspended or halted. Accordingly, the Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices.
 
Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that a fair value determination for a security will materially differ from the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security. In addition, fair value pricing could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the Fund’s NAV and the prices used by the Fund’s Index. This may result in a difference between the Fund’s performance and the performance of the Fund’s Index.
 
The Fund invests in non-U.S. securities. Non-U.S. securities held by the Fund may trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares. As a result, the Fund’s NAV may change on days when Authorized Participants will not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares.
 
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares
 
Unlike frequent trading of shares of a traditional open-end mutual fund’s (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares, frequent trading of shares of the Fund on the secondary market does not disrupt portfolio management, increase the Fund’s trading costs, lead to realization of capitalization gains, or otherwise harm the Fund’s shareholders because these trades do not involve the Fund directly. Certain institutional investors are authorized to purchase and redeem the Fund’s shares directly with the Fund. Because these trades are effected in-kind (i.e., for securities, and not for cash), they do not cause any of the harmful effects noted above that may result from frequent cash trades. Moreover, the Fund imposes transaction fees on in-kind purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting in-kind trades. These fees increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for Creation Units, reflecting the fact that the Fund’s trading costs increase in those circumstances. For these reasons, the Board has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing in shares of the Fund.
 
 
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 Dividends, Distributions and Taxes
 
Fund Distributions
The Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, quarterly and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders annually. 
 
Dividend Reinvestment Service
Brokers may make available to their customers who own the Fund’s shares the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and capital gains will automatically be reinvested in additional whole shares of the Fund. Without this service, investors would receive their distributions in cash. In order to achieve the maximum total return on their investments, investors are encouraged to use the dividend reinvestment service. To determine whether the dividend reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker. Brokers may require the Fund’s shareholders to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market. 
 
Tax Information  
The following is a summary of some important tax issues that affect the Fund and its shareholders. The summary is based on current tax laws, which may be changed by legislative, judicial or administrative action. You should not consider this summary to be a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund, or the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. The summary is very general, and does not address investors subject to special rules, such as investors who hold shares through an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-deferred account. More information about taxes is located in the SAI. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding specific questions as to federal, state and local income taxes.
 
Tax Status of the Fund  
The Fund is treated as a separate entity for federal tax purposes, and intends to qualify for the special tax treatment afforded to regulated investment companies under the Code. As long as the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company, it pays no federal income tax on the earnings it distributes to shareholders.
 
Tax Status of Distributions
 
The Fund will, for each year, distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains.
 
The Fund’s distributions from income will generally be taxed to you as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. For non-corporate shareholders, dividends reported by the Fund as qualified dividend income are generally eligible for reduced tax rates.

Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. The Fund’s strategies may limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.

Any distributions of net capital gain (the excess of the Fund’s net long-term capital gains over its net short-term capital losses) that you receive from the Fund are taxable as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your shares. Long-term capital gains are currently taxed to non-corporate shareholders at reduced maximum rates.

Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or in additional shares through a broker’s dividend reinvestment service. If you receive dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares through a broker’s dividend reinvestment service, you will be required to pay applicable federal, state or local taxes on the reinvested dividends but you will not receive a corresponding cash distribution with which to pay any applicable tax.

The Fund may be able to pass through to you foreign tax credits for certain taxes paid by the Fund, provided the Fund meets certain requirements.

Distributions paid in January but declared by the Fund in October, November or December of the previous year may be taxable to you in the previous year.

The Fund will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income, foreign tax credits and net capital gain distributions received from the Fund shortly after the close of each calendar year.
 
Taxes on Exchange-Listed Share Sales. Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of shares will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less, except that any capital loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains to the shareholder with respect to such shares.
 
 
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Investment in Foreign Securities. The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income it may earn from investing in foreign securities, which may reduce the return on such investments. In addition, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of its distributions. The Fund may be eligible to file an election that would permit shareholders who are U.S. citizens, resident aliens or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. For the purposes of the foreign tax credit, each such shareholder would include in gross income from foreign sources its pro rata share of such taxes. Certain limitations imposed by the Code may prevent shareholders from receiving a full foreign tax credit or deduction for their allocable amount of such taxes.
 
Medicare Tax. U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
 
Non-U.S. Investors. If you are not a citizen or permanent resident of the United States, the Fund’s ordinary income dividends will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax, unless a lower treaty rate applies or unless such income is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. This 30% withholding tax generally will not apply to distributions of net capital gain.
 
Distributions paid after June 30, 2014 and sale proceeds and certain capital gain dividends paid after December 31, 2016 to a shareholder that is a “foreign financial institution” as defined in Section 1471 of the Code and that does not meet the requirements imposed on foreign financial institutions by Section 1471 will generally be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate. Distributions paid after June 30, 2014 and sale proceeds and certain capital gain dividends paid after December 31, 2018 to a non-U.S. shareholder that is not a foreign financial institution will generally be subject to such withholding tax if the shareholder fails to make certain required certifications. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.
 
Backup Withholding. The Fund or your broker will be required in certain cases to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) has provided either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (2) is subject to backup withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends, (3) has failed to certify that such shareholder is not subject to backup withholding, or (4) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax applicable to shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.
 
 Distribution
 
The Fund’s distributor, ETFMG Financial LLC (the “Distributor”), is a broker-dealer registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and an affiliate of the Adviser. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Fund shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Fund. The Distributor’s principal address is 30 Maple Street, Summit, New Jersey 07901.
 
The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.  In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.
 
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no plans to impose these fees.  However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
 
 
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 Fund Service Providers
 
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1666 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Fund.
 
WithumSmith + Brown, PC, with offices located at 1411 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, New York, 10018, serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Fund.
 
 Listing Exchange
 
Fund shares have been approved for listing and trading on NYSE Arca.
 
 Index/Trademark Licenses/Disclaimers
 
The Index Provider has licensed the use of the Index to the Adviser. The Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor, the Index’s calculation agent or any of their respective affiliates. None of the Index Provider or any of its respective affiliates make investment decisions, provide investment advice, or otherwise act in the capacity of an investment adviser to the Fund, nor are they involved in the calculation of the Index.
 
Shares of the Trust are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the shares of the Fund. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in, the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of the shares of the Fund to be issued, or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the shares are redeemable.
 
The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the shares of the Fund in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the shares of the Fund. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.
 
The Adviser and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of shares of the Fund or any members of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Funds particularly.
 
 Premium/Discount Information
 
Information regarding the number of days each Fund’s market price was a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) its NAV for the most recently completed calendar year and the most recently completed calendar quarters since that year, are provided, free of charge, on the Funds’ website at www.etfmj.com.
 
Litigation
 
 
The Trust, a former and current trustee of the Trust, the Adviser and certain officers of the Adviser are defendants in an action filed May 2, 2017 in the Superior Court of New Jersey captioned PureShares, LLC d/b/a PureFunds et al. v. ETF Managers Group,LLC et al., Docket No. C-63-17. The PureShares action alleges claims based on disputes arising out of contractual relationships with the Adviser relating to certain series of the Trust. The action seeks damages in unspecified amounts and injunctive relief based on breach of contract, wrongful termination, and several other claims. While the Adviser cannot predict the outcome of this lawsuit, the Adviser believes that any adverse judgment against it will not have a material effect on the Funds.
 
The Adviser and its parent, Exchange Traded Managers Group, LLC, were defendants in a case filed on October 26, 2017 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by NASDAQ, Inc. captioned Nasdaq, Inc. v. Exchange Traded Managers Group, LLC et al., Case 1:17-cv-08252. This action arose out of the same facts and circumstances, and relates to the same series of the Trust, as the New Jersey litigation and asserts claims for breach of contract, conversion and certain other claims. The matter was the subject of a bench trial in May 2019, and on December 20, 2019, the Court issued an Opinion and Order awarding compensatory damages to Plaintiff in the amount of $78,403,172.36, plus prejudgment interest. The Court also denied Plaintiff’s requests for punitive damages and equitable relief. The Adviser filed a notice of appeal from the judgment on January 19, 2020.
 
 
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 Financial Highlights
 
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the period of the Fund’s operations. Prior to December 26, 2017, the Fund operated as the Tierra XP Latin America Real Estate ETF (“Latin America Real Estate”) and the performance for the periods prior to December 26, 2017 reflect the Fund’s former Latin America Real Estate strategy. Effective December 26, 2017, Latin America Real Estate changed its name to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF and changed its underlying index and investment objective. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have gained (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by WithumSmith + Brown, PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report dated September 30, 2018, which is available upon request.
 
For a capital share outstanding throughout the year/period
 
   
 
Year Ended
September 30,
2019
 
 
Year Ended
September 30,
2018
 
 
Year Ended
September 30,
2017
 
 
Year Ended
September 30,
2016(1)
 
Net asset value, beginning of period
  3.74 
     
    
 
    
 
 
    
    
    
    
Activity from investment operations:
 39.74 
 31.36 
 29.64 
 25.00 
Net investment income (2)
  1.02 
  0.37 
  0.57 
  0.98 
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
  (18.96)
  8.95 
  4.42 
  4.59 
Total from investment operations
  (17.94)
  9.32 
  4.99 
  5.57 
 
    
    
    
    
Less distributions from:
    
    
    
    
  Net investment income
  (0.97)
  (0.74)
  (2.56)
  (0.93))
Net realized gains
   
  (0.20)
  (0.71)
   
Total distributions
  (0.97)
  (0.94)
  (3.27)
  (0.93))
 
    
    
    
    
Net asset value, end of period
 20.83 
 39.74 
 31.36 
 29.64 
 
    
    
    
    
Total return (4)(5)
  (45.60)%
  33.85%
  20.23%
  22.63)(7)
 
    
    
    
    
Net assets, at end of period (000s)
 800,957 
 679,559 
 6,271 
 2,964 
 
    
    
    
    
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets (6)
  0.75%
  0.75%
  0.79%
  0.79%
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (6)
  3.26%
  1.18%
  1.98%
  5.88%
 
    
    
    
    
Portfolio Turnover Rate(3)
  71%
  97%
  44%
    
 
(1)
Commencement of operations on December 3, 2015.
(2)
Per share amounts calculated using the average shares method.
(3)
Portfolio turnover rate excludes portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of processing capital share transactions in Creation Units.
(4)
Total return is calculated assuming a purchase of shares at net asset value on the first day and a sale at net asset value on the last day of the period. Distributions are assumed, for the purpose of this calculation, to be reinvested at the ex-dividend date net asset value per share on their respective payment dates.
(5)
Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions.
(6)
Annualized for periods less than one year.
(7)
Not annualized.
 
 
 
24
 
 
ETF Managers Trust
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor
Summit, New Jersey 07901
 
ANNUAL/SEMI-ANNUAL REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS 
Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders (when available). In the Fund’s annual reports, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.
 
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI) 
The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund. The SAI is incorporated by reference into, and is thus legally a part of, this Prospectus.
 
FOR MORE INFORMATION 
To request a free copy of the latest annual or semi-annual report, when available, the SAI or to request additional information about the Fund or to make other inquiries, please contact us as follows:
 
Call:
1-844-ETFMGRS (383-6477)
 
Monday through Friday
 
8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. (Eastern Time)
 
Write:
ETF Managers Trust
 
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor
 
Summit, New Jersey 07901
 
Visit:
www.etfmj.com
 
INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
 
The Trust’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-22310
 
 
25
 
 
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF
(MJ)
 
Listed on: NYSE Arca
 
a series of ETF Managers Trust
 
January 31, 2020
 
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the prospectus dated January 31, 2020, as may be supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”), of the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF (the “Fund”), a series of ETF Managers Trust (the “Trust”). The Fund’s name changed effective December 26, 2017, prior to which it was known as the Tierra XP Latin America Real Estate ETF. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the Annual Report of the Fund for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 (the “Annual Report”) are incorporated by reference into and are deemed part of this SAI. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge, by writing the Fund’s distributor, ETFMG Financial LLC (the “Distributor”), 30 Maple Street, Summit, New Jersey 07901, by visiting the Fund’s website at www.etfmj.com or by calling 1-844-ETFMGRS (383-6477).
 
 
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A-1
 
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST
 
ETF Managers Trust (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company currently consisting of multiple investment series, one of which is the Fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on July 1, 2009. The Trust is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the “1940 Act”) as an open-end management investment company and the offering of the Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). ETF Managers Group, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The investment objective of the Fund is to provide investment results that, before fees and expenses, correspond generally to the performance of a specified market index (the “Index” or “Underlying Index”).
 
The Fund offers and issues Shares at their net asset value only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit”). The Fund generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of securities included in its Index (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. The Shares are listed on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and trade on the Exchange at market prices. These prices may differ from the Shares’ net asset values. The Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, and generally in exchange for portfolio securities and a specified cash payment. A Creation Unit of the Fund consists of at least 50,000 Shares.
 
 
2
 
 
Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust an amount in cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the market value of the missing Deposit Securities as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Trust may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
 
CONTINUOUS OFFERING
 
The method by which Creation Unit Aggregations of shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Unit Aggregations of shares are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the Securities Act.
 
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Unit Aggregations after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares, and sells such shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter. Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Fund are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.
 
 PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
 
Policy on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
 
The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has adopted a policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings, which it believes is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The policy requires that the Fund’s portfolio holdings be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and is in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of the Adviser or the Distributor, or any affiliated person of the Adviser or the Distributor, above those of the Fund’s shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholder over any other current or prospective Fund shareholder, except to the extent that certain entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect.
 
The “entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members and subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, including Authorized Participants (defined below), and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services.
 
Information with respect to the Fund’s portfolio holdings is disseminated daily on the Fund’s website. Each business day portfolio holdings information may also be provided to the Fund’s transfer agent or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee based subscription services, including Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Fund in the secondary market.
 
 
3
 
 
The transfer agent may also make available portfolio holdings information to other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services. This information typically reflects the Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day. “Authorized Participants” are broker-dealer firms that have entered into Authorized Participant Agreements with the Distributor to purchase and redeem Creation Units pursuant to legal requirements, including the exemptive order granted by the SEC, through which the Fund offers and redeems shares. Other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, portfolio holdings information that is not filed with the SEC or posted on the publicly available website may be provided to third parties only in limited circumstances, as described above.
 
Disclosure to providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting, liquidity risk management and other similar services for the Fund, broker-dealers that are involved in executing portfolio transactions on behalf of the Fund, as well as rating and ranking organizations, will generally be permitted; however, information may be disclosed to other third parties (including, without limitation, individuals, institutional investors, and Authorized Participants that sell shares of the Fund) only upon approval by the CCO. The recipients who may receive non-public portfolio holdings information are as follows: the Adviser and its affiliates, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, the Fund’s distributor, administrator and custodian, the Fund’s legal counsel, the Fund’s financial printer and the Fund’s proxy voting service. These entities are obligated to keep such information confidential. Third-party providers of custodial or accounting services to the Fund may release non-public portfolio holdings information of the Fund only with the permission of the CCO.
 
The fund will disclose its complete portfolio holdings in public filings with the SEC. on a quarterly basis within 60 days of the end of the quarter, and will provide that information to shareholders, as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. These filings are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website http://www.sec.gov.  Under the policy, the Board is to receive information, on a quarterly basis, regarding any other disclosures of non-public portfolio holdings information that were permitted during the preceding quarter.
 
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND RELATED RISKS
 
The Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments, see “Description of Permitted Investments” in this SAI.
 
Non-Diversification
 
The Fund is classified as a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act. A “non-diversified” classification means that the Fund is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. This means that the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a small number of issuers than a diversified fund. The securities of a particular issuer or a small number of issuers may constitute a greater portion of the Underlying Index and, therefore, the securities may constitute a greater portion of the Fund’s portfolio. This may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s performance or subject the Fund’s Shares to greater price volatility than more diversified investment companies. Moreover, in pursuing its objective, the Fund may hold the securities of a single issuer in an amount exceeding 10% of the market value of the outstanding securities of the issuer, subject to restrictions imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In particular, as the Fund’s size grows and its assets increase, it will be more likely to hold more than 10% of the securities of a single issuer if the issuer has a relatively small public float as compared to other components in its Underlying Index.
 
Concentration
 
The Fund will, to the extent its Underlying Index does, concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as described in the Prospectus. The securities of issuers in particular industries may dominate the Underlying Index of the Fund and consequently the Fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the Fund’s performance or subject its Shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by less concentrated investment companies.
 
 
4
 
 
DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS
 
The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices and the associated risk factors. The Fund will only invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices if such investment or activity is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s stated investment policies. The information below should be read in conjunction with the “Principal Investment Strategies” and “Principal Risks” sections of the Prospectus. The information below pertains to non-principal investment strategies and risks of the Fund, while the information in the Prospectus pertains to principal investment strategies and risks of the Fund.
 
EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Equity securities represent ownership interests in a company and include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock, and securities convertible into common stock. Investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which the Fund invests will cause the net asset value of the Fund to fluctuate.
 
Types of Equity Securities:
 
Common Stocks — Common stocks represent units of ownership in a company. Common stocks usually carry voting rights and earn dividends. Unlike preferred stocks, which are described below, dividends on common stocks are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the company’s board of directors.
 
Preferred Stocks — Preferred stocks are also units of ownership in a company. Preferred stocks normally have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of the company. However, in all other respects, preferred stocks are subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are generally not entitled to vote on corporate matters. Types of preferred stocks include adjustable-rate preferred stock, fixed dividend preferred stock, perpetual preferred stock, and sinking fund preferred stock.
 
Generally, the market values of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element vary inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk.
 
Convertible Securities — Convertible securities are securities that may be exchanged for, converted into, or exercised to acquire a predetermined number of shares of the issuer’s common stock at the Fund’s option during a specified time period (such as convertible preferred stocks, convertible debentures and warrants). A convertible security is generally a fixed income security that is senior to common stock in an issuer’s capital structure, but is usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. In exchange for the conversion feature, many corporations will pay a lower rate of interest on convertible securities than debt securities of the same corporation. In general, the market value of a convertible security is at least the higher of its “investment value” (i.e., its value as a fixed income security) or its “conversion value” (i.e., its value upon conversion into its underlying common stock).
 
Convertible securities are subject to the same risks as similar securities without the convertible feature. The price of a convertible security is more volatile during times of steady interest rates than other types of debt securities. The price of a convertible security tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, whereas it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying common stock declines.
 
Rights and Warrants — A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life of usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitles the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.
 
 
5
 
 
An investment in warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. Investing in rights and warrants increases the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities.
 
Risks of Investing in Equity Securities:
 
General Risks of Investing in Stocks — While investing in stocks allows investors to participate in the benefits of owning a company, such investors must accept the risks of ownership. Unlike bondholders, who have preference to a company’s earnings and cash flow, preferred stockholders, followed by common stockholders in order of priority, are entitled only to the residual amount after a company meets its other obligations. For this reason, the value of a company’s stock will usually react more strongly to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects than its debt obligations. Stockholders of a company that fares poorly can lose money.
 
Stock markets tend to move in cycles with short or extended periods of rising and falling stock prices. The value of a company’s stock may fall because of:
 
 
Factors that directly relate to that company, such as decisions made by its management or lower demand for the company’s products or services;
 
Factors affecting an entire industry, such as increases in production costs; and
 
Changes in general financial market conditions that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates or inflation rates.
 
Because preferred stock is generally junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar stated yield characteristics.
 
Small- and Medium-Sized Companies — Investors in small- and medium-sized companies typically take on greater risk and price volatility than they would by investing in larger, more established companies. This increased risk may be due to the greater business risks of their small or medium size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and frequent lack of management depth. The securities of small- and medium-sized companies are often traded in the over-the-counter market and might not be traded in volumes typical of securities traded on a national securities exchange. Thus, the securities of small and medium capitalization companies are likely to experience less frequent trading and be less liquid, and subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements, than securities of larger, more established companies. As a result of the differences between the securities of small- and medium-sized companies and those of companies with larger capitalizations, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell a significant amount of the securities of a small- or medium- company without an adverse impact on the price of the company’s securities, or the Fund may have to sell such securities in smaller quantities over a longer period of time, which may increase the Fund’s tracking error.
 
When-Issued Securities — A when-issued security is one whose terms are available and for which a market exists, but which have not been issued. When the Fund engages in when-issued transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the sale. If the other party fails to complete the sale, the Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a favorable price or yield.
 
When purchasing a security on a when-issued basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield changes. At the time of settlement, the market value of the security may be more or less than the purchase price. The yield available in the market when the delivery takes place also may be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. Because the Fund does not pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with its other investments.
 
 
6
 
 
Decisions to enter into “when-issued” transactions will be considered on a case-by-case basis when necessary to maintain continuity in a company’s index membership. The Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities equal in value to commitments for the when-issued transactions. The Fund will segregate additional liquid assets daily so that the value of such assets is equal to the amount of the commitments.
 
FOREIGN SECURITIES
 
FOREIGN ISSUERS
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in issuers located outside the United States directly, or in financial instruments that are indirectly linked to the performance of foreign issuers. Examples of such financial instruments include depositary receipts, which are described further below, “ordinary shares,” and “New York shares” issued and traded in the United States. Ordinary shares are shares of foreign issuers that are traded abroad and on a United States exchange. New York shares are shares that a foreign issuer has allocated for trading in the United States. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), ordinary shares, and New York shares all may be purchased with and sold for U.S. dollars, which protects the Fund from the foreign settlement risks described below.
 
Investing in foreign companies may involve risks not typically associated with investing in United States companies. The value of securities denominated in foreign currencies, and of dividends from such securities, can change significantly when foreign currencies strengthen or weaken relative to the U.S. dollar. Foreign securities markets generally have less trading volume and less liquidity than United States markets, and prices in some foreign markets can be more volatile than those of domestic securities. Therefore, the Fund’s investment in foreign securities may be less liquid and subject to more rapid and erratic price movements than comparable securities listed for trading on U.S. exchanges. Non-U.S. equity securities may trade at price/earnings multiples higher than comparable U.S. securities and such levels may not be sustainable. There may be less government supervision and regulation of foreign stock exchanges, brokers, banks and listed companies abroad than in the U.S. Moreover, settlement practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in U.S. markets. Such differences may include delays beyond periods customary in the U.S. and practices, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, that increase the likelihood of a failed settlement, which can result in losses to the Fund. The value of non-U.S. investments and the investment income derived from them may also be affected unfavorably by changes in currency exchange control regulations. Foreign brokerage commissions, custodial expenses and other fees are also generally higher than for securities traded in the U.S. This may cause the Fund to incur higher portfolio transaction costs than domestic equity funds. Fluctuations in exchange rates may also affect the earning power and asset value of the foreign entity issuing a security, even one denominated in U.S. dollars. Dividend and interest payments may be repatriated based on the exchange rate at the time of disbursement, and restrictions on capital flows may be imposed. Many foreign countries lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those that apply to United States companies, and it may be more difficult to obtain reliable information regarding a foreign issuer’s financial condition and operations. In addition, the costs of foreign investing, including withholding taxes, brokerage commissions, and custodial fees, generally are higher than for United States investments.
 
Investing in companies located abroad carries political and economic risks distinct from those associated with investing in the United States. Foreign investment may be affected by actions of foreign governments adverse to the interests of United States investors, including the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on United States investment, or on the ability to repatriate assets or to convert currency into U.S. dollars. There may be a greater possibility of default by foreign governments or foreign-government sponsored enterprises. Losses and other expenses may be incurred in converting between various currencies in connection with purchases and sales of foreign securities. Investments in foreign countries also involve a risk of local political, economic, or social instability, military action or unrest, or adverse diplomatic developments.
 
Investing in companies domiciled in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer’s ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure, and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
 
 
7
 
 
Geographic Concentration 
Funds that are less diversified across countries or geographic regions are generally riskier than more geographically diversified funds. A fund that focuses on a single country or a specific region is more exposed to that country’s or region’s economic cycles, currency exchange rates, stock market valuations and political risks, among others, compared with a more geographically diversified fund. The economies and financial markets of certain regions, such as Asia and the Middle East, can be interdependent and may be adversely affected by the same events.
 
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
 
The Fund’s investment in securities of foreign companies may be in the form of depositary receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. ADRs are dollar-denominated receipts representing interests in the securities of a foreign issuer, which securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. ADRs are receipts typically issued by United States banks and trust companies which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. Generally, ADRs in registered form are designed for use in domestic securities markets and are traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the United States. Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), and International Depositary Receipts (“IDRs”) are similar to ADRs in that they are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer, however, GDRs, EDRs, and IDRs may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies, and are generally designed for use in specific or multiple securities markets outside the U.S. EDRs, for example, are designed for use in European securities markets while GDRs are designed for use throughout the world. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities.
 
The Fund will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipts or any Depositary Receipt that the Adviser deems to be illiquid or for which pricing information is not readily available. In addition, all Depositary Receipts generally must be sponsored. However, the Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. The use of Depositary Receipts may increase tracking error relative to an Underlying Index.
 
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS (“REITS”)
 
A REIT is a corporation or business trust (that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation) that meets the definitional requirements of the Code. The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct from taxable income the dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate level federal income tax and making the REIT a pass-through vehicle for federal income tax purposes. To meet the definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things: invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including mortgages and other REITs), cash and government securities; derive most of its income from rents from real property or interest on loans secured by mortgages on real property; and distribute annually 90% or more of its otherwise taxable income to shareholders.
 
REITs are sometimes informally characterized as Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. An Equity REIT invests primarily in the fee ownership or leasehold ownership of land and buildings; a Mortgage REIT invests primarily in mortgages on real property, which may secure construction, development or long-term loans.
 
 
8
 
 
REITs may be affected by changes in underlying real estate values, which may have an exaggerated effect to the extent that REITs in which a Fund invests may concentrate investments in particular geographic regions or property types. Additionally, rising interest rates may cause investors in REITs to demand a higher annual yield from future distributions, which may in turn decrease market prices for equity securities issued by REITs. Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, certain Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by such Mortgage REITs. In addition, Mortgage REITs may be affected by the ability of borrowers to repay when due the debt extended by the REIT and Equity REITs may be affected by the ability of tenants to pay rent.
 
Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalization, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of securities issued by such REITs. Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, a shareholder will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the REITs. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders.
 
In addition to these risks, Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, Equity and Mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and Mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, Equity and Mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Code or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments.
 
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
 
The Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. There can be no guarantee that the United States will be able to meet its payment obligations with respect to such securities. Additionally, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may decline or be negative for short or long periods of time. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as Fannie Mae, the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac).
 
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by Fannie Mae, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.
 
 
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The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008-2009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt limit to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, Standard & Poor’s lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. In explaining the downgrade at that time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt ceiling and growth in public spending. On August 2, 2019, following passage by Congress, the President of the United States signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019, which suspends the statutory debt limit through July 31, 2021. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt ceiling negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.
 
The value of direct or indirect investments in fixed income securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities. On the other hand, if rates fall, the value of the fixed income securities generally increases. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. The value of direct or indirect investments in fixed income securities may be affected by the inability of issuers to repay principal and interest or illiquidity in debt securities markets.
 
 
U.S. Treasury Obligations. U.S. Treasury obligations consist of bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations that are transferable through the federal book-entry system known as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (“STRIPS”) and Treasury Receipts (“TRs”).
 
 
Receipts. Interests in separately traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. government obligations that are issued by banks or brokerage firms and are created by depositing U.S. government obligations into a special account at a custodian bank. The custodian holds the interest and principal payments for the benefit of the registered owners of the certificates or receipts. The custodian arranges for the issuance of the certificates or receipts evidencing ownership and maintains the register. TRs and STRIPS are interests in accounts sponsored by the U.S. Treasury. Receipts are sold as zero coupon securities.
 
 
U.S. Government Zero Coupon Securities. STRIPS and receipts are sold as zero coupon securities, that is, fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of the security, and the accretion constitutes the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturity but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturity and credit qualities.
 
 
U.S. Government Agencies. Some obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. Guarantees of principal by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government may be a guarantee of payment at the maturity of the obligation so that in the event of a default prior to maturity there might not be a market and thus no means of realizing on the obligation prior to maturity. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of these securities nor to the value of a Fund’s Shares
 
BORROWING
 
Although the Fund does not intend to borrow money, the Fund may do so to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may borrow up to one-third (1/3) of its net assets. The Fund will borrow money only for short-term or emergency purposes. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the Fund promptly. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value (“NAV”) of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
 
 
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OTHER SHORT-TERM INSTRUMENTS
 
The Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds; (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s or “A-1” by S&P, or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of the Adviser, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by the Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Money market instruments also include shares of money market funds. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions. Short-term instruments that are fixed-income instruments are generally subject to the same risks as other fixed-income instruments, including credit risk and interest rate risk, and short-term instruments that are money market funds are generally subject to the same risks as other investment companies, including the obligation to the pay the Fund’s share of the underlying fund’s expenses.
 
INVESTMENT COMPANIES
 
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including money market funds, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than Treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.
 
If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Fund’s own investment adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund’s own operations.
 
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies, including the Fund. The acquisition of a Fund’s Shares by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the 1940 Act or as may at some future time be permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund regarding the terms of the investment.
 
The Fund may rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, which provide an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest all of its assets in other registered funds, including ETFs, if, among other conditions: (a) the Fund, together with its affiliates, acquires no more than three percent of the outstanding voting stock of any acquired fund, and (b) the sales load charged on the Fund’s shares is no greater than the limits set forth in Rule 2830 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
 
 
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The Fund will incur higher and duplicative expenses when it invests in other investment companies such as mutual funds and ETFs. There is also the risk that the Fund may suffer losses due to the investment practices of the underlying funds. When the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of securities held by such investment companies.
 
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
 
The Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain creditworthy borrowers in U.S. and non-U.S. markets in an amount not to exceed one-third (33 1/3%) of the value of its total assets. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current value of the securities loaned. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities. Distributions received on loaned securities in lieu of dividend payments (i.e., substitute payments) would not be considered qualified dividend income.
 
The borrower will be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Fund receives compensation in the form of fees. The amount of fees depends on a number of factors including the type of security and length of the loan. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of the lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, which may include those managed by the Adviser. In that case, the Fund would also be compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower.
 
The Fund may pay a portion of the interest or fees earned from securities lending to a borrower as described above, and to one or more securities lending agents approved by the Board who administer the lending program for the Fund in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. In such capacity, the lending agent causes the delivery of loaned securities from the Fund to borrowers, arranges for the return of loaned securities to the Fund at the termination of a loan, requests deposit of collateral, monitors the daily value of the loaned securities and collateral, requests that borrowers add to the collateral when required by the loan agreements, and provides recordkeeping and accounting services necessary for the operation of the program.
 
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees the Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. Counterparty risk may be greater when the Fund loans its securities to a single or small group of counterparties. In the event a borrower does not return the Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities.
 
The Fund will generally seek to recall securities on loan to vote on matters if the result of the vote may materially affect the investment. However, in some circumstances the Fund may be unable to recall the securities in time to vote or may determine that the benefits to the Fund of voting are outweighed by the direct or indirect costs of such a recall. In these circumstances, loaned securities may be voted or not voted in a manner adverse to the best interests of the Fund.
 
The following table shows the dollar amounts of income and fees/compensation related to the securities lending activities of the Fund during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.
 
Gross income from securities lending activities
 $44,991,226
Fees and/or compensation for securities lending activities and related services:
    
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split
  18,124,914 
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service that are not included in the revenue split
  0 
Administrative fees not included in revenue split
  (0)
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split
  (0)
Rebates (paid to borrower)
  (0)
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)
  (0)
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities:
  (18,124,914)
Net income from securities lending activities:
 $26,866,312

 
 
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FUTURES CONTRACTS, OPTIONS AND SWAP AGREEMENTS
 
The Fund may utilize futures contracts, options contracts and swap agreements. The Fund will segregate cash and/or appropriate liquid assets if required to do so by SEC or Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulation or interpretation.
 
Futures Contracts. Futures contracts generally provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified commodity or security at a specified future time and at a specified price. Index futures contracts are settled daily with a payment by one party to the other of a cash amount based on the difference between the level of the index specified in the contract from one day to the next. Futures contracts are standardized as to maturity date and underlying instrument and are traded on futures exchanges.
 
The Fund is required to make a good faith margin deposit in cash or U.S. government securities with a broker or custodian to initiate and maintain open positions in futures contracts. A margin deposit is intended to assure completion of the contract (delivery or acceptance of the underlying commodity or payment of the cash settlement amount) if it is not terminated prior to the specified delivery date. Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange minimums. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin deposits which may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.
 
After a futures contract position is opened, the value of the contract is marked to market daily. If the futures contract price changes to the extent that the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of additional “variation” margin will be required. Conversely, change in the contract value may reduce the required margin, resulting in a repayment of excess margin to the contract holder. Variation margin payments are made to and from the futures broker for as long as the contract remains open. In such case, the Fund would expect to earn interest income on its margin deposits. Closing out an open futures position is done by taking an opposite position (“buying” a contract which has previously been “sold,” or “selling” a contract previously “purchased”) in an identical contract to terminate the position. Brokerage commissions are incurred when a futures contract position is opened or closed.
 
Options. The Fund may purchase and sell put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities and may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange and issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options on particular securities may be more volatile than the underlying securities, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying securities themselves.
 
The Fund may use exchange-traded futures and options, together with positions in cash and money market instruments, to simulate full investment in its Underlying Index. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are not currently available for the Index. Under such circumstances, the Adviser may seek to utilize other instruments that it believes to be correlated to the applicable Index components or a subset of the components.  
 
 
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To the extent the Fund invests in futures, options on futures or other instruments subject to regulation by the CFTC, it will seek to do so in reliance upon and in accordance with CFTC Rule 4.5. Specifically, pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5, the Trust may claim exclusion from the definition of CPO, and thus from having to register as a CPO, with regard to a Fund that enters into commodity futures, commodity options or swaps solely for “bona fide hedging purposes,” or that limits its investment in commodities to a “de minimis” amount, as defined in CFTC rules, so long as the shares of such Fund are not marketed as interests in a commodity pool or other vehicle for trading in commodity futures, commodity options or swaps. To the extent the Fund invests in futures, options on futures or other instruments subject to regulation by the CFTC, the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, will file a notice of eligibility for exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with CFTC Rule 4.5. It is expected that the Fund will be able to operate pursuant to the limitations under CFTC Rule 4.5 without materially adversely affecting its ability to achieve its investment objective. If, however, these limitations were to make it difficult for the Fund to achieve its investment objective in the future, the Trust may determine to operate the Fund as a regulated commodity pool pursuant to the Trust’s CPO registration or to reorganize or close the Fund or to materially change the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. In addition, as of the date of this SAI, the Adviser is not deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” or “commodity trading adviser” with respect to the advisory services it provides to the Fund.
 
Restrictions on the Use of Futures and Options. The Fund reserves the right to engage in transactions involving futures and options thereon to the extent allowed by the CFTC regulations in effect from time to time and in accordance with the Fund’s policies. The Fund would take steps to prevent its futures positions from “leveraging” its securities holdings. When it has a long futures position, it will maintain with its custodian bank, cash or equivalents. When it has a short futures position, it will maintain with its custodian bank assets substantially identical to those underlying the contract or cash and equivalents (or a combination of the foregoing) having a value equal to the net obligation of the Fund under the contract (less the value of any margin deposits in connection with the position).
 
Short Sales. The Fund may engage in short sales that are either “uncovered” or “against the box.” A short sale is “against the box” if at all times during which the short position is open, the Fund owns at least an equal amount of the securities or securities convertible into, or exchangeable without further consideration for, securities of the same issue as the securities that are sold short. A short sale against the box is a taxable transaction to the Fund with respect to the securities that are sold short.
 
Uncovered short sales are transactions under which the Fund sells a security it does not own. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of the replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest that accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.
 
Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund may: (a) segregate cash or liquid securities at such a level that (i) the amount segregated plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short; and (ii) the amount segregated plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will not be less than the market value of the security at the time the security was sold short; or (b) otherwise cover the Fund’s short position.
 
Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into swap agreements; including interest rate, index, and total return swap agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be done on a net basis, i.e., where the two parties make net payments with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of cash or equivalents having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess is maintained by the Fund.
 
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
 
The Fund may take advantage of opportunities in the area of options and futures contracts, options on futures contracts, warrants, swaps and any other investments which are not presently contemplated for use by the Fund or which are not currently available but which may be developed, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and legally permissible for the Fund. Before entering into such transactions or making any such investment, the Fund will provide appropriate disclosure.
 
 
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RISKS
 
A discussion of the risks associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus.
 
GENERAL
Investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of securities generally and other factors.
 
An investment in the Fund should also be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the securities markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of Shares). Securities are susceptible to general market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.
 
Holders of common stocks incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the issuer, have generally inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors of, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks issued by, the issuer. Further, unlike debt securities which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (whose value, however, will be subject to market fluctuations prior thereto), or preferred stocks which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity. Common stock values are subject to market fluctuations as long as the common stock remains outstanding.
 
CYBER SECURITY RISK 
Investment companies, such as the Fund, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Fund or the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.
 
FUTURES AND OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS 
Positions in futures contracts and options may be closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market therefore. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close a futures or options position. In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, the Fund may be required to make delivery of the instruments underlying futures contracts it has sold. The Fund will minimize the risk that it will be unable to close out a futures or options contract by only entering into futures and options for which there appears to be a liquid secondary market.
 
 
15
 
 
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Fund does not plan to use futures and options contracts, when available, in this manner. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Fund, however, intends to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit the Fund’s risk exposure to that which is comparable to what the Fund would have incurred through direct investment in securities.
 
Utilization of futures transactions by the Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contracts differs from Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss by the Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option.
 
Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
 
RISKS OF SWAP AGREEMENTS 
Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor.
 
The use of interest-rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
 
TAX RISKS 
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares of the Fund will be taxed. The tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares of the Fund.
 
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions or you sell Shares.
 
FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE REGULATION OF CANNABIS
 
United States
 
The risk of strict enforcement of federal marijuana laws in light of recent Congressional activity, judicial holdings, and stated federal policy remains uncertain. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear a case brought by San Diego County, California that sought to establish federal preemption over state medical marijuana laws. The preemption claim was rejected by every court that reviewed the case, holding that Congress does not have the authority to compel the states to direct their law enforcement personnel to enforce federal laws. The U.S. Supreme Court had previously held that, as long as the Controlled Substances Act (“CSA”) contains prohibitions against marijuana, under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, the United States may criminalize the production and use of homegrown cannabis even where states approve its use for medical purposes.
 
In an effort to provide guidance to federal law enforcement, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) has issued Guidance Regarding Marijuana Enforcement to all United States Attorneys in a memorandum from Deputy Attorney General David Ogden on October 19, 2009, in a memorandum from Deputy Attorney General James Cole on June 29, 2011 and in a memorandum from Deputy Attorney General James Cole on August 29, 2013 (the “Cole Memorandum”). Each memorandum states that the DOJ is committed to the enforcement of the CSA, but, the DOJ is also committed to using its limited investigative and prosecutorial resources to address the most significant threats in the most effective, consistent, and rational way.
 
 
16
 
 
The Cole Memorandum provides updated guidance to federal prosecutors concerning marijuana enforcement in light of state laws legalizing medical and recreational marijuana possession in small amounts.
 
The memorandum sets forth certain enforcement priorities that are important to the federal government:
 
Distribution of marijuana to children;
 
Revenue from the sale of marijuana going to criminals;
 
Diversion of medical marijuana from states where it is legal to states where it is not;
 
Using state authorized marijuana activity as a pretext for other illegal drug activity;
 
Preventing violence in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana;
 
Preventing impaired driving;
 
Growing marijuana on federal property; and
 
Preventing possession or use of marijuana on federal property.
 
In January 2018, former Attorney General, Jeff Sessions rescinded the Cole Memorandum. However, the federal government, to date, has not determined to devote federal government resources to companies operating in states which have passed laws legalizing medical and recreational marijuana use whose businesses are operating in conformity with the provisions of the Cole Memorandum. Pronouncements from the current Administration suggest the DOJ may exert pressureagainst states where marijuana use and possession is legal and step up the enforcement of federal marijuana laws and the prosecution of nonviolent federal drug crimes. Currently, the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment to appropriations legislation prohibitsthe DOJ from using federal funds to prevent states from implementing laws that authorize medical marijuana use, possession, distribution, and cultivation. In the event the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment (also referred to as the Rohrabacher-Farr amendment) is not renewed by Congress, the DOJ may begin using federal funds to prevent states from implementing such laws.
 
On December 20, 2018, President Trump signed the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (or the “Farm Bill”) that effectively removes hemp from the list of controlled substances and allows states to regulate its production, commerce and research with approval from the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). Hemp is a cousin to marijuana, as both are classified under the same botanical category of Cannabis sativa. The major difference between the two is that recreational marijuana has significant amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC”) , whereas industrial hemp has virtually no THC (less than 0.3%). This 0.3% THC in industrial hemp is not enough to provide psychotropic effects, which renders industrial hemp useless for recreational use or abuse. Products made from the seeds (incapable of germination) and the mature stalks of the Cannabis sativa plant are legal products that could potentially be used in pharmaceutical products, nutritional products, cosmetics, plastics, fuel, textiles, and medical delivery devices. Under the Farm Bill, state departments of agriculture must consult with the state’s governor and chief law enforcement officer to devise a plan that must be submitted to the Secretary of USDA. A state’s plan to license and regulate hemp can only commence once the Secretary of USDA approves that state’s plan.
 
The 2018 Farm Bill delegates to the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) responsibility for regulating products containing hemp or derivatives thereof (including cannabidiol (“CBD”)) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “FD&C”).  Under the FD&C, if a substance (such as CBD) is an active ingredient in a drug product that has been approved by the FDA, then the substance cannot be sold in dietary supplements or foods without FDA approval, unless the substance was marketed as a dietary supplement or as a conventional food before the drug was approved or before the new drug investigations were authorized.  The FDA has publicly taken the position that CBD cannot be sold in dietary supplements or foods because CBD is an active ingredient in an FDA-approved drug.  However, companies that sell CBD in dietary supplements and foods have taken the position that CBD was marketed as a dietary supplement and/or as a conventional food before the drug was approved or before the new drug investigations were authorized, and because the FDA has not brought enforcement action against such companies, this question of fact has not yet been adjudicated.
 
 
17
 
 
Canada
 
Several recent court cases have influenced the law governing the medical marijuana industry in Canada. On February 24, 2016, the Federal Court of Canada ruled in the case of Allard et al v. Canada that Canada's Marijuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (“MMPR”), which governed production, distribution and use of medical marijuana by creating a regime that provided access to "licensed producers" of medical marijuana, violated the rights of patients by limiting patient access medical marijuana. On that basis, the entire MMPR was declared invalid. Additionally, the Federal Court of Canada ruled that a previous injunction should be upheld, allowing patients with an existing personal production license under the prior legislation to continue to produce their own medical marijuana, subject to certain conditions.
 
On June 11, 2015 the Supreme Court of Canada held that the restriction on the use of non-dried forms of marijuana for medical marijuana users violates the right to liberty and security of individuals in a manner that is arbitrary and not in keeping with the principles of fundamental justice. As a result, the Supreme Court of Canada declared that the sections of Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act that prohibit possession and trafficking of non-dried forms of marijuana no longer have force and effect to the extent that they prohibit a person with medical authorization from possessing cannabis derivatives for medical purposes. This ruling means that medical marijuana patients authorized to possess and use medical marijuana are no longer limited to using dried forms of marijuana and may now consume marijuana and its derivative forms for medical purposes.
 
As a result of these court cases, on August 11, 2016, Health Canada, the Canadian department with responsibility for national public health, announced the new Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (“ACMPR”), which took effect on August 24, 2016, to replace the MMPR. The ACMPR will allow Canadians who have been authorized by their health care practitioner, and who are registered with Health Canada, to produce a limited amount of medical marijuana for their own medical purposes, or to designate someone who is registered with Health Canada to produce it for them, in addition to obtaining marijuana products from licensed producers, as was permitted under the MMPR. Starting materials such as plants or seeds are to be obtained from licensed producers only.
 
On October 19, 2015, the Liberal Party of Canada obtained a majority government in Canada. The Liberal Party has committed to the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada. On June 30, 2016, the Canadian Federal Government established the Task Force on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation (the “Task Force”) to seek input on the design of a new system to legalize, strictly regulate and restrict access to marijuana. The Task Force has completed its review and published a report dated November 30, 2016, which outlines its recommendations. The extent and impact of any regulatory changes that may result from the Task Force's report are unknown and may have a negative impact on the value of the Fund's investments.
 
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau introduced legislation in April 2017 to legalize the recreational use of marijuana in Canada. The House of Commons of Canada initially passed the legalization legislation in November 2017. After amendments passed by the Senate of Canada, the House passed a final version on June 18, 2018, to which the Senate voted in favor on June 19, 2018. On June 20, 2018, Prime Minister Trudeau announced that recreational use of cannabis would no longer violate Canadian criminal law effective October 17, 2018. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the legal cannabis market in Canada is novel and still developing.
 
United Kingdom
 
Cannabis is a Class B drug under the law of the United Kingdom (“UK”) and its possession and sale are generally illegal. There has been little progress in the United Kingdom towards the general legalization of the use and possession of marijuana. However, effective November 1, 2018, the law was changed to give specialist doctors the option to legally issue prescriptions for cannabis-based medicines when they believe that their patients could benefit. A product license is necessary before cannabis-based products can be legally sold, supplied or advertised in the UK. In the UK, licenses to cultivate, possess and supply cannabis for medical research may be granted by the Home Office. If a company in which the Fund invests fails to receive the necessary licenses, it may not be in a position to conduct its business in the United Kingdom.
 
 
18
 
 
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
 
The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Fund. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to the Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, the Fund may not:
 
1.
Concentrate its investments in an industry or group of industries (i.e. , hold 25% or more of its net assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
 
2.
Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
3.
Lend any security or make any other loan, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
4.
Purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
5.
Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies as set forth above, the Fund observes the following restrictions, which may be changed without a shareholder vote.
 
1.
The Fund will not invest in illiquid assets in excess of 15% of its net assets. An illiquid asset is any asset that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the asset.
 
2.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will not invest less than 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in the component securities of its Underlying Index. For purposes of this policy, ADRs and GDRs based on the component securities of the Underlying Index are treated as component securities of the Underlying Index.
 
If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money will be observed continuously. In addition, if a Fund’s holdings of illiquid securities exceeds 15% of net assets because of changes in the value of the Fund’s investments, the Fund will act in accordance with Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act and will take action to reduce its holdings of illiquid securities pursuant to its written liquidity risk management program.
 
The following descriptions of certain provisions of the 1940 Act may assist investors in understanding the above policies and restrictions:
 
Concentration. The SEC has defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s net assets in an industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions.
 
 
19
 
 
Borrowing. The 1940 Act presently allows a fund to borrow from any bank (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets).
 
Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation.
 
Lending. Under the 1940 Act, a fund may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies. The Fund’s current investment policy on lending is as follows: the Fund may not make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties, except that the Fund may: (i) purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; and (iii) engage in securities lending subject to the limitations described in this SAI.
 
Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves a fund purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly.
 
Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment company’s ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate, except that the Fund may purchase marketable securities issued by companies which own or invest in real estate (including REITs).
 
Commodities. The Fund will not purchase or sell physical commodities or commodities contracts, except that the Fund may purchase: (i) marketable securities issued by companies which own or invest in commodities or commodities contracts; and (ii) commodities contracts relating to financial instruments, such as financial futures contracts and options on such contracts.
 
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
 
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the summary section of the Fund’s Prospectus under the “PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES” and in the statutory Prospectus under “BUYING AND SELLING THE FUND.” The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Prospectus.
 
The Shares of the Fund are approved for listing and trading on the Exchange, subject to notice of issuance. The Shares trade on the Exchange at prices that may differ to some degree from their net asset value. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of the Fund will continue to be met.
 
The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares of the Fund from listing if: (1) following the initial twelve-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the Shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (2) the value of its Underlying Index or portfolio of securities on which the Fund is based is no longer calculated or available; (3) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available; or (4) such other event shall occur or condition exists that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. In addition, the Exchange will remove the Shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Trust or the Fund.
 
The Exchange (or market data vendors or other information providers) will disseminate, every fifteen seconds during the regular trading day, an IOPV relating to the Fund. The IOPV calculations are estimates of the value of the Fund’s NAV per Share and are based on the Fund’s portfolio holdings and cash, less accrued expenses, divided by the number of shares of the Fund outstanding as of the time of the prior day’s NAV calculation. Premiums and discounts between the IOPV and the market price may occur. The IOPV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, it should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV per Share of the Fund, which is calculated only once a day. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States. Additionally, the calculation of the NAV may reflect the fair values of certain Fund holdings, which may result in different prices than those used in the calculations of the IOPV. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser, nor any of their affiliates are involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of such IOPVs and make no warranty as to their accuracy.
 
 
20
 
 
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the Share price of the Fund in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
 
As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.
 
The base and trading currencies of the Fund is the U.S. dollar. The base currency is the currency in which the Fund’s net asset value per Share is calculated and the trading currency is the currency in which Shares of the Fund are listed and traded on the Exchange.
 
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
 
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Fund Management.”
 
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
 
Board Responsibilities. The management and affairs of the Trust and the Fund described in this SAI, are overseen by the Trustees. The Board elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the Fund. The Board has approved contracts, as described below, under which certain companies provide essential services to the Trust.
 
Like most registered investment companies, the day-to-day business of the Trust, including the management of risk, is performed by third party service providers, such as the Adviser, the Distributor and the Fund’s administrator. The Trustees are responsible for overseeing the Trust’s service providers and, thus, have oversight responsibility with respect to risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Fund. The Fund and its service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trust’s business (e.g., the Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio investments) and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that business. The Board has emphasized to the Fund’s service providers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management.
 
The Trustees’ role in risk oversight begins before the inception of the Fund, at which time certain of the Fund’s service providers present the Board with information concerning the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Fund as well as proposed investment limitations for the Fund. Additionally, the Fund’s Adviser provides the Board with an overview of, among other things, its investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure. Thereafter, the Board continues its oversight function as various personnel, including the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, as well as personnel of the Adviser and other service providers such as the Fund’s independent accountants, make periodic reports to the Audit Committee or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board and the Audit Committee oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Fund may be exposed.
 
The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the Fund by the Adviser and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, on an annual basis, in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the Advisory Agreements with the Adviser, the Board meets with the Adviser to review such services. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the Adviser’s adherence to the Fund’s investment restrictions and compliance with various Fund policies and procedures and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the Fund’s performance and the Fund’s investments, including, for example, portfolio holdings schedules.
 
 
21
 
 
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer reports regularly to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues and Fund and Adviser risk assessments. At least annually, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Adviser. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; any material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and any material compliance matters since the date of the last report.
 
The Board receives reports from the Fund’s service providers regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Board has also established a Fair Value Committee that is responsible for implementing the Trust’s Fair Value Procedures and providing reports to the Board concerning investments for which market quotations are not readily available. Annually, the independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the Fund’s financial statements, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Fund and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the Fund’s internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees Fund management’s implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the required time periods. The Board also oversees the Trust’s internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trust’s financial reporting and the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements.
 
From their review of these reports and discussions with the Adviser, the Chief Compliance Officer, the independent registered public accounting firm and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn in detail about the material risks of the Fund, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify and mitigate those risks.
 
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the Fund’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Fund’s Adviser and other service providers each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Fund’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.
 
Members of the Board. There are three members of the Board, two of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”). Samuel Masucci, III, an interested person of the Trust, serves as Chairman of the Board. The Trust does not have a lead Independent Trustee. The Board is comprised of 67% Independent Trustees. There is an Audit Committee of the Board that is chaired by an Independent Trustee and comprised solely of Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee chair presides at the Committee meetings, participates in formulating agendas for Committee meetings, and coordinates with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of responsibilities of the Committee as set forth in its Board-approved charter. Because of the ease of communication arising from the relatively small size of the Board and the small number of Independent Trustees, the Board has determined not to designate a lead Independent Trustee at this time.
 
The Trust has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Trust made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the Independent Trustees constitute 67% of the Board, the number of Independent Trustees that constitute the Board, the amount of assets under management in the Trust, and the number of funds overseen by the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Fund management.
 
 
22
 
 
The Board of Trustees has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee and Nominating Committee are chaired by an Independent Trustee and composed of Independent Trustees.
 
Set forth below are the names, birth years, positions with the Trust, length of term of office, and the principal occupations and other directorships held during at least the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as a Trustee of the Trust, as well as information about each officer. The business address of each Trustee and officer is 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor, Summit, New Jersey 07901.
 
Name
and
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held with
the Trust,
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past
5 Years
Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen By
Trustee
Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
5 Years
Interested Trustee and Officers
Samuel Masucci, III
(1962)
  Trustee, Chairman of the Board and President (since 2012); Secretary (since 2014)
 
Chief Executive Officer, Exchange Traded Managers Group LLC (since 2013); Chief Executive Officer, ETF Managers Group LLC (since 2016); Chief Executive Officer, ETF Managers Capital LLC (commodity pool operator) (since 2014); Chief Executive Officer (2012-2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (2012-2014), Factor Advisors, LLC (investment adviser); President and Chief Executive Officer, Factor Capital Management LLC (2012-2014) (commodity pool operator);
10
None
John A. Flanagan,
(1946)
Treasurer (since 2015)
President, John A. Flanagan CPA, LLC (accounting services) (since 2010); Treasurer, ETF Managers Trust (since 2015); Principal Financial Officer, ETF Managers Capital LLC (commodity pool operator) (since 2015)
n/a
n/a
Reshma A. Tanczos
(1978)
Chief Compliance Officer (since 2016)
Chief Compliance Officer, ETF Managers Group LLC (since 2016); Chief Compliance Officer, ETF Managers Capital LLC (since 2016); Partner, Crow & Cushing (law firm) (2007-2016).
n/a
n/a
 * Mr. Masucci is an interested Trustee by virtue of his role as the Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser.
 
 
23
 
 
Name
and
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held with
the Trust,
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past
5 Years
Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen By
Trustee
Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
5 Years
Independent Trustees
Terry Loebs
(1963)
  Trustee (since 2014)
Founder and Managing Member, Pulsenomics LLC (index product development and consulting firm) (since 2011); Managing Director, MacroMarkets, LLC (exchange-traded products firm) (2006–2011). 
10
None
Jared A. Chase
(1955)
 
  Trustee (since 2018)
Chief Operating and Financial Officer, Root Capital (a 501(c)(3) non-profit lender) (since 2016); Chairman, State Street Global Alliance LLC, State Street Corporation (2007-2012); Head of Global Treasury, Liability Management, Money Markets & Derivatives, State Street Corporation (2004-2007)
10
None
 
Individual Trustee Qualifications. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of their ability to review and understand information about the Fund provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing on the management and administration of the Fund, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on their own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.
 
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Masucci should serve as Trustee because of the experience he has gained as chief executive officer of multiple investment advisory firms as well as his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry.
 
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Loebs should serve as Trustee because of his diverse experience in capital markets, including asset pricing and trading, market research, index development, and exchange-traded products, as well as his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry.
 
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Chase should serve as Trustee because of his executive experience at major investment advisory firms focusing on global markets and derivatives, and his general knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry.
 
 BOARD COMMITTEES
 
The Board has established the following standing committees:
 
Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of 100% of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include: recommending which firm to engage as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and whether to terminate this relationship; reviewing the independent registered public accounting firm’s compensation, the proposed scope and terms of its engagement, and the firm’s independence; pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Trust and certain other affiliated entities; serving as a channel of communication between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trustees; reviewing the results of each external audit, including any qualifications in the independent registered public accounting firm’s opinion, any related management letter, management’s responses to recommendations made by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the audit, reports submitted to the Committee by the internal auditing department of the Fund’s administrator, if any, and management’s responses to any such reports; reviewing the Fund’s audited financial statements and considering any significant disputes between the Trust’s management and the independent registered public accounting firm that arose in connection with the preparation of those financial statements; considering, in consultation with the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trust’s senior internal accounting executive, if any, the independent registered public accounting firms’ report on the adequacy of the Trust’s internal financial controls; reviewing, in consultation with the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, major changes regarding auditing and accounting principles and practices to be followed when preparing the Fund’s financial statements; and other audit related matters. All of the Independent Trustees currently serve as members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee also acts as the Trust’s qualified legal compliance committee. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Audit Committee met four times.
 
 
24
 
 
Nominating Committee. The Board has a standing Nominating Committee that is composed of 100% of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Nominating Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibility of the Nominating Committee is to consider, recommend and nominate candidates to fill vacancies on the Trust’s Board, if any. The Nominating Committee generally will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders. All of the Independent Trustees currently serve as members of the Nominating Committee. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Nominating Committee met one time.
 
Fair Value Committee. In addition to the Board’s standing committees described above, the Board has established a Fair Value Committee that is composed of certain officers of the Trust and representatives from the Adviser. The Fair Value Committee operates under procedures approved by the Board. The Fair Value Committee is responsible for the valuation and revaluation of any portfolio investments for which market quotations or prices are not readily available. The Fair Value Committee meets periodically, as necessary.
 
 OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
 
The following table shows the dollar amount ranges of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of shares of the Fund as of the end of the most recently completely calendar year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act. As of December 31, 2019, the Trustees and officers of the Trust owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
 
Name
Dollar Range of Shares of the Fund
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares 
(All Funds in the Complex) 
Interested Trustee
Samuel R. Masucci, III
  None
    None
Independent Trustees
Jared Chase
  None
    None
Terry Loebs
  None
    None
 
COMPENSATION OF THE TRUSTEES AND OFFICER
 
The Trustees received the following compensation during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The Adviser, and not the Fund, is responsible for compensating the Trustees.
 
Name
Aggregate  
Compensation  
Pension or 
 Retirement  
 Benefits Accrued as  
Part of Fund Expenses 
Estimated Annual  
 Benefits Upon  
Retirement  
Total  
 Compensation  
from the Trust and  
Fund Complex 
Interested Trustee
Samuel R.Masucci, III
  $0
  $0
  $0
  $0
Independent Trustees
Jared Chase
 $0
 $0
 $0
$58,780
Terry Loebs
 $0
 $0
 $0
$58,780

 
 
25
 
 
CODES OF ETHICS
 
The Trust, the Adviser, and ETFMG Financial LLC (the “Distributor”) have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser and the Distributor from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Fund (which may also be held by persons subject to the codes of ethics). Each Code of Ethics permits personnel subject to that Code of Ethics to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including limitations related to securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
 
There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. Each code of ethics has been filed with the SEC and may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C. or on the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
 
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
 
The Fund has delegated proxy voting responsibilities to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s oversight. In delegating proxy responsibilities, the Board has directed that proxies be voted consistent with the Fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests and in compliance with all applicable proxy voting rules and regulations. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and guidelines for this purpose (“Proxy Voting Policies”) and may engage a third party proxy solicitation firm to assist with voting proxies in a timely manner, while the CCO is responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of the Proxy Voting Policies. The Adviser has engaged Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. to assist the CCO in carrying out the Trust’s Proxy Voting Policies. The Proxy Voting Policies have been adopted by the Trust as the policies and procedures that the Adviser will use when voting proxies on behalf of the Fund.
 
The Proxy Voting Policies address, among other things, material conflicts of interest that may arise between the interests of the Fund and the interests of the Adviser. The Proxy Voting Policies will ensure that all issues brought to shareholders are analyzed in light of the Adviser’s fiduciary responsibilities.
 
In voting to elect board nominees for uncontested seats, the following factors will be taken into account: (i) whether a majority of the company’s directors are independent; (ii) whether key board committees are entirely composed of independent directors; (iii) excessive board memberships and professional time commitments to effectively serve the company’s board; and (iv) the attendance record of incumbent directors at board and committee meetings.
 
Equity compensation plans will also be reviewed on a case-by-case basis based upon their specific features. For example, stock option plans will be evaluated using criteria such as: (i) whether the plan is performance-based; (ii) dilution to existing shareholders; (iii) the cost of the plan; (iv) whether discounted options are allowed under the plan; (v) whether the plan authorizes the repricing of options or reload options without shareholder approval; and (vi) the equity overhang of all plans. Similarly, employee stock purchase plans generally will be supported under the guidelines upon consideration of factors such as (i) whether the plan sets forth adequate limits on share issuance; (ii) whether participation limits are defined; and (iii) whether discounts to employees exceed a threshold amount.
 
The Proxy Voting Policies provide for review and vote on shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. In accordance with this approach, these guidelines support a shareholder proposal upon the compelling showing that it has a substantial economic impact on shareholder value. As such, proposals that request that the company report on environmental, labor or human rights issues are only supported when such concerns pose a substantial risk to shareholder value.
 
With regard to voting proxies of foreign companies, the Adviser may weigh the cost of voting, and potential inability to sell the securities (which may occur during the voting process), against the benefit of voting the proxies to determine whether or not to vote.
 
Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-844-ETFMGRS (383-6477) and (2) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov
 
 
26
 
 
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
 
ETF Managers Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company located at 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor, Summit, New Jersey 07901, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Exchange Traded Managers Group, LLC, an entity controlled by Samuel Masucci, III, the Adviser’s Chief Executive Officer and a Trustee and Chairman of the Board of the Trust.
 
The Trust and the Adviser have entered into an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with respect to the Fund. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser serves as the investment adviser, makes investment decisions for the Fund, and manages the investment portfolios of the Fund, subject to the supervision of, and policies established by, the Board. The Adviser is responsible for trading portfolio securities on behalf of the Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions as instructed by the Adviser or in connection with any rebalancing or reconstitution of the Fund’s Index, subject to the supervision of the Board. The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence generally in the performance of its duties hereunder or its reckless disregard of its obligation and duties under the Advisory Agreement.
 
After the initial two-year term, the continuance of the Advisory Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually: (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund; and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” or of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or, with respect to the Fund, by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or by the Adviser on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the Trust. As used in the Advisory Agreement, the terms “majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “interested persons” and “assignment” have the same meaning as such terms in the 1940 Act.
 
For its services, the Adviser receives a fee that is equal to 0.75% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund, calculated daily and paid monthly. Additionally, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Fund, except for: the fee paid to the Adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses (such as, among other things and subject to Board approval, certain proxy solicitation costs and non-standard Board-related expenses and litigation against the Board, Trustees, Fund, Adviser, and officers of the Adviser), and distribution (12b-1) fees and expenses.
 
For the fiscal periods indicated below, the Fund paid the following management fees to the Adviser:  
 
 
 
Aggregate Advisory Fees Paid to Adviser
 
 
 
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
 
$27,597
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2018
 
$2,207,335
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2019
 
$7,180,611 
 
Prior to April 1, 2017, Penserra Capital Management, LLC (“Penserra”), a New York limited liability company, located at 140 Broadway, 26th Floor, New York, New York 10005, served as sub-adviser to the Fund and was compensated by the Adviser. Penserra received an annual fee equal to the greater of (1) $25,000 per annum or (2) 0.05% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund, calculated daily and paid monthly. 
 
 
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For the fiscal periods indicated below, the Adviser paid the following fees to Penserra with respect to the Fund:
 
 
 
Sub-Advisory Fees Paid to Penserra
 
 
 
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
 
$12,465
   
THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
 
This section includes information about the Fund’s portfolio managers, including information about other accounts they manage, the dollar range of Shares they own and how they are compensated.
 
Portfolio Manager Compensation. Samuel R. Masucci, III, Devin Ryder, Frank Vallario and Donal Bishnoi are the portfolio managers of the Fund. Their portfolio management compensation includes a salary and discretionary bonus based on the profitability of the Adviser. No compensation is directly related to the performance of the underlying assets.
 
Portfolio Manager Fund Ownership. As of September 30, 2019, Samuel R. Masucci, III, Devin Ryder, Frank Vallario and Donal Bishnoi did not own Shares of the Fund.
 
Other Accounts
 
In addition to the Fund, Samuel R. Masucci, III, Donal Bishnoi, and Devin Ryder managed the following other accounts for the Adviser as of September 30, 2019.
 
Type of Accounts
Total Number of Accounts
Total Assets of Accounts
Total Number of Accounts with Performance Based Fees
Total Assets of Accounts with  
Performance Based Fees  
Registered Investment Companies
8
$2,633,088,129
0
NA
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
2
$8,184,360
0
NA
Other Accounts
0
NA
0
NA
   
Description of Material Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” is not expected to give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objectives as the Fund. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include a portfolio manager’s knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Fund. However, the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts the Adviser manages are fairly and equitably allocated.  
 
 
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THE DISTRIBUTOR
 
The Trust and ETFMG Financial LLC, an affiliate of the Adviser, are parties to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Trust’s shares and distributes the shares of the Fund. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Distributor only in Creation Units. Each Creation Unit is made up of 50,000 Shares. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit and does not maintain a secondary market in Fund Shares. The principal business address of the Distributor is 30 Maple Street, Summit, New Jersey 07901.
 
Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent for the Trust, will receive orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Trust until accepted by the Trust. The Distributor will deliver a prospectus to authorized participants purchasing Shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and a member of FINRA.
 
Upon direction from the Trust, the Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Creation of Creation Units” below) or DTC Participants (as defined below).
 
The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board (including a majority of the Independent Trustees), or by the Distributor on 60 days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence on the part of the Distributor, or reckless disregard by it of its obligations thereunder, the Distributor shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
 
Distribution Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which regulates circumstances under which an investment company may directly or indirectly bear expenses relating to the distribution of its shares. No distribution fees are currently charged to the Fund; there are no plans to impose these fees.
 
Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of any class of the Fund that is affected by such increase. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Qualified Trustees.
 
The Plan provides that Shares (“Shares”) of the Fund pay the Distributor an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies including, without limit, investment counselors, broker-dealers and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively, “Agents”) as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with FINRA rules concerning sales charges.  
 
 
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Under the Plan, subject to the limitations of applicable law and regulations, the Fund is authorized to compensate the Distributor up to the maximum amount to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or for providing or arranging for others to provide shareholder services and for the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Such activities may include, but are not limited to: (i) delivering copies of the Fund’s then current reports, prospectuses, notices, and similar materials, to prospective purchasers of Creation Units; (ii) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (iii) paying the costs of and compensating others, including Authorized Participants with whom the Distributor has entered into written Authorized Participant Agreements, for performing shareholder servicing on behalf of the Fund; (iv) compensating certain Authorized Participants for providing assistance in distributing the Creation Units of the Fund, including the travel and communication expenses and salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Creation Units of the Fund; (v) payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies and investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund supermarkets and the affiliates and subsidiaries of the Trust’s service providers as compensation for services or reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance; (vi) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of Shares, including the cost of providing (or paying others to provide) services to beneficial owners of Shares, including, but not limited to, assistance in answering inquiries related to shareholder accounts, and (vi) such other services and obligations as are set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
 
 THE ADMINISTRATOR
 
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser have entered into an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”), under which the Adviser provides the Fund with administrative services, including regulatory reporting and all necessary office space, equipment, personnel and facilities. Pursuant to a schedule to the Administration Agreement, the Adviser also serves as the shareholder servicing agent for the Fund whereby the Adviser provides certain shareholder services to the Fund. The principal business address of the Adviser is 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor, Summit, NJ 07901.
 
The Administration Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its duties and obligations thereunder.
 
For its services under the Administration Agreement, the Adviser is entitled to a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Fund and subject to a minimum annual fee. The fee under the Administration Agreement is paid out of the investment advisory fee paid to the Adviser by the Fund.
 
For the fiscal periods indicated below, the following fees were paid to the Fund’s administrator.
 
 
 
Fees Paid to the Administrator
 
 
 
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
 
$27,887
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2018*
 
$116,095
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2019
 
$478,707
* Prior to September 17, 2018, the Fund’s administrator was U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“Fund Services”). The amounts reflected in the table above include amounts paid to Fund Services for the period in which it served as administrator to the Fund. For the period from September 17, 2018 to September 30, 2018, $11,009 were paid to the Adviser under the Administration Agreement. 
 
SUB-ADMINISTRATIVE AND ACCOUNTING AGENT
 
The Trust has entered into an agreement with Ultimus Fund Solutions (“Ultimus”), 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110, Hauppauge, NY 11788, pursuant to which Ultimus acts as sub-administrative and sub-accounting agent of the Fund. For its services in this capacity, Ultimus is entitled to a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Fund and subject to a minimum annual fee. In addition to the asset-based fee, Ultimus is entitled to certain non-material fees, as well as out of pocket expenses. The fee paid to Ultimus is paid out of the investment advisory fee paid to the Adviser by the Fund.
 
For the fiscal periods indicated below, the following fees were paid to the Fund’s sub-administrator.
 
 
 
Fees Paid to the Sub-Administrator
 
 
 
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2019*
 
$475,480
* Ultimus became  sub-administrative and sub-accounting agent for the Fund effective February 1, 2019.
 
 
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THE CUSTODIAN
 
WedbushSecurities Inc. (“Wedbush”), a broker-dealer that is a member of a national securities exchange, as defined in the Exchange Act, serves as the custodian of the Fund. Wedbush holds cash, securities and other assets of the Fund as required by the 1940 Act. The principal business address of Wedbush is 1000 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 900, Los Angeles, CA 90017.
 
THE TRANSFER AGENT
 
Computershare Trust Company N.A. (the “Transfer Agent”), 250 Royall Street, Canton, MA 02021, serves as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent under a transfer agency agreement with the Trust.
 
LEGAL COUNSEL
 
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1666 K Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Trust. 
 
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
WithumSmith + Brown, PC, with offices located at 1411 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, New York, 10018, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund.
 
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
 
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and shares of each fund. Each share of a fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that fund with each other share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of the fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees of the Trust may create additional series or classes of shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional funds and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing shares will not be issued. The Fund’s shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.
 
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all funds vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from other funds, that fund will vote separately on such matter. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. Upon the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the Trust’s shares, the Trust will call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more trustees and other certain matters. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.
 
Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate each fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if any fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.
 
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
 
The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for the Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust’s policy is to pay commissions which are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Fund and the Adviser from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage and research services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of the Fund’s shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions. 
 
 
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The Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to its clients to seek to provide best execution on trades effected. In selecting a broker/dealer for each specific transaction, the Adviser chooses the broker/dealer deemed most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable execution. Best execution is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to: liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/dealers. The Adviser will also use electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) when appropriate.
 
The Adviser may use a Fund’s assets for, or participate in, third-party soft dollar arrangements, in addition to receiving proprietary research from various full service brokers, the cost of which is bundled with the cost of the broker’s execution services. The Adviser does not “pay up” for the value of any such proprietary research. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act permits the Adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause a Fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. The Adviser may receive a variety of research services and information on many topics, which it can use in connection with its management responsibilities with respect to the various accounts over which it exercises investment discretion or otherwise provides investment advice. The research services may include qualifying order management systems, portfolio attribution and monitoring services and computer software and access charges which are directly related to investment research. Accordingly, a Fund may pay a broker commission higher than the lowest available in recognition of the broker’s provision of such services to the Adviser, but only if the Adviser determines the total commission (including the soft dollar benefit) is comparable to the best commission rate that could be expected to be received from other brokers. The amount of soft dollar benefits received depends on the amount of brokerage transactions effected with the brokers. A conflict of interest exists because there is an incentive to: 1) cause clients to pay a higher commission than the firm might otherwise be able to negotiate; 2) cause clients to engage in more securities transactions than would otherwise be optimal; and 3) only recommend brokers that provide soft dollar benefits.
 
The Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest when it uses client trades to obtain brokerage or research services. This conflict exists because the Adviser is able to use the brokerage or research services to manage client accounts without paying cash for such services, which reduces the Adviser’s expenses to the extent that the Adviser would have purchased such products had they not been provided by brokers. Section 28(e) permits the Adviser to use brokerage or research services for the benefit of any account it manages. Certain accounts managed by the Adviser may generate soft dollars used to purchase brokerage or research services that ultimately benefit other accounts managed by the Adviser, effectively cross subsidizing the other accounts managed by the Adviser that benefit directly from the product. The Adviser may not necessarily use all of the brokerage or research services in connection with managing a Fund whose trades generated the soft dollars used to purchase such products.
 
The Adviser is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of the Fund for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Fund. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.
 
The Fund may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.
 
 
32
 
 
For the fiscal periods indicated below, the Fund paid the following amounts in brokerage commissions:
 
 
 
Brokerage Commissions
 
 
 
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
 
$4,990
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2018
 
$1,074,475
Fiscal year ended September 30, 20189
 
$1,263,360 
 
Of the above amounts, the following amounts were paid to the affiliated broker-dealers listed below for the fiscal periods indicated below:
 
 
 
Affiliated Broker
 
 
Penserra Securities, LLC*
Commissions Paid fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
 
$0
 
* Penserra Securities, LLC is an affiliated person of Penserra, which served as the Fund’s sub-adviser until April 1, 2017.
 
Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of either the Fund, the Adviser, or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Fund for exchange transactions not exceed usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.
 
Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealer.” The Fund is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) which it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Trust are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Trust’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Trust; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust’s shares. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Fund did not hold any securities of “regular broker dealers” to report.
 
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE
 
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates are likely to result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions is evaluated by the Adviser based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services.
 
For the fiscal periods indicated below, the Fund had the following portfolio turnover rates: 
 
 
 
 
 
Portfolio Turnover
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2018
 
97%
Fiscal year ended September 30, 2019
 
71%
 
 
 
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BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM
 
Depositary Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for the Shares. Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.
 
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC’s Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).
 
Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.
 
Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
 
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
 
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the Fund’s shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.
 
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.
  
 
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
 
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a fund. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund.
 
As of September 30, 2019, there are no persons who are known by the Trust to own, of record or beneficially, 5% or more of the Fund’s outstanding equity securities.
 
PURCHASE AND ISSUANCE OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS
 
The Trust issues and sells Shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day, in proper form pursuant to the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement (“Participant Agreement”). The NAV of the Fund’s shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The Fund will not issue fractional Creation Units. A Business Day is any day on which the New York Stock Exchange is generally open for business.
 
FUND DEPOSIT. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of the Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit, constituting a substantial replication, or a portfolio sampling representation, of the securities included in the Fund’s Underlying Index and the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.
 
Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the Shares (per Creation Unit) and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the net asset value per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the net asset value per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the net asset value per Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant (as defined below).
 
The Fund makes available on each Business Day, on its website or through other means of public dissemination, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, in order to effect purchases of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.
 
 
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The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for the Fund Deposit for the Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the Adviser with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the Fund’s Underlying Index.
 
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (i.e., a “cash in lieu” amount) to replace any Deposit Security, including, without limitation, in situations where the Deposit Security: (i) may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery; (ii) may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC for corporate securities and municipal securities; (iii) may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant (as defined below) or the investor for which it is acting; (iv) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws; or (v) in certain other situations (collectively, “custom orders”). The Trust also reserves the right to include or remove Deposit Securities from the basket in anticipation of index rebalancing changes. The adjustments described above will reflect changes, known to the Adviser on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Fund Deposit, in the composition of the subject Index being tracked by the Fund or resulting from certain corporate actions.
 
PROCEDURES FOR PURCHASE OF CREATION UNITS. To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor to purchase a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be a DTC Participant (see “BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM”). In addition, each DTC Participant (each, an “Authorized Participant”) must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Transfer Agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Trust, an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the Creation Transaction Fee (defined below) and any other applicable fees and taxes. The Adviser may retain all or a portion of the Transaction Fee to the extent the Adviser bears the expenses that otherwise would be borne by the Trust in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, which the Transaction Fee is designed to cover.
 
All orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”
 
An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund in Creation Units have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.
 
On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which the Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and in accordance with the applicable order form. With respect to the Fund, the Distributor will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Transfer Agent, and accepted by the Distributor, by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or an Authorized Participant.
 
Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a sub-custody agent (for foreign securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the sub-custodian of the Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Trust. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local sub-custodian. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the Fund or its agents by no later than the Settlement Date. The “Settlement Date” for the Fund is generally the second Business Day after the Order Placement Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system or through DTC in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by in a timely manner by the Settlement Date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Fund.
 
 
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The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. Eastern time (as set forth on the applicable order form), with the Custodian on the Settlement Date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. Eastern time (as set forth on the applicable order form) on the Settlement Date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is considered to be in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.
 
ISSUANCE OF A CREATION UNIT. Except as provided herein, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the Custodian that the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Trust will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor. However, as discussed in Appendix A, the Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor in order to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (that is the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security), and in certain other circumstances. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.
 
Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the net asset value of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the market value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily marked to market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a Transaction Fee as set forth below under “Creation Transaction Fee” will be charged in all cases. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.
 
 
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ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS OF CREATION UNITS. The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Distributor in respect of the Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Participant are not as publicly disseminated for that date; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of the Fund; (d) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (e) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (f) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners; (g) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Trust, be unlawful; or (h) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.
 
Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.
 
All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
 
CREATION TRANSACTION FEE. A purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee, payable to the Fund’s custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units, and investors will be required to pay a creation transaction fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the creation transaction fee from time to time. The standard fixed creation transaction fee for the Fund will be $750. In addition, a variable fee will be charged on all cash transactions or substitutes for Creation Units of up to a maximum of 2% as a percentage of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction. The variable charge may be imposed for cash purchases, non-standard orders, or partial cash purchases incurred by the Fund, primarily designed to cover expenses related to broker commissions. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust.
 
RISKS OF PURCHASING CREATION UNITS. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the Fund. Because the Fund’s shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from the Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.
 
 
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Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with the Fund’s Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
 
REDEMPTION. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their net asset value next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF THE FUND, THE TRUST WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS. Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.
 
The Fund makes available immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m. Eastern time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and share quantities of the Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.
 
Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Trust. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities — as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a fixed redemption transaction fee as set forth below. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the net asset value of the Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Trust’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.
 
REDEMPTION TRANSACTION FEE. A redemption transaction fee, payable to the Fund’s custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units, and investors will be required to pay a fixed redemption transaction fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction, as set forth in the Fund’s Prospectus, as may be revised from time to time. The redemption transaction fee is the same no matter how many Creation Units are being redeemed pursuant to any one redemption request. The Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time. The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for the Fund will be $750. In addition, a variable fee will be charged on all cash transactions or substitutes for Creation Units of up to a maximum of 2% as a percentage of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction. The variable charge may be imposed for cash redemptions, non-standard orders, or partial cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are available) incurred by the Fund, primarily designed to cover expenses related to broker commissions. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
 
PROCEDURES FOR REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Trust’s Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Trust is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.
 
 
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The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Trust, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the Shares to the Trust’s Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
 
ADDITIONAL REDEMPTION PROCEDURES. In connection with taking delivery of shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, the Authorized Participant must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within two business days of the trade date. However, due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, the different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (that is the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold), and in certain other circumstances, the delivery of in-kind redemption proceeds may take longer than two Business Days after the day on which the redemption request is received in proper form. Appendix A identifies the instances where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, in respect of the Funds, the Trust will make delivery of in-kind redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in Appendix A to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds. If neither the redeeming shareholder nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming shareholder has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of the Fund Securities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Trust may, in its discretion, exercise its option to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash.
 
In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares of the Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities).
 
The Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in net asset value.
 
Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer” (“QIB”), as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status in order to receive Fund Securities.
 
Because the portfolio securities of the Fund may trade on the relevant exchange(s) on days that the Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for the Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of the Fund, or to purchase or sell shares of the Fund on the Exchange, on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant foreign markets.
 
 
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The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of the Fund or determination of the NAV of the Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
 
REQUIRED EARLY ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS. Notwithstanding the foregoing, as described in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form, the Fund may require orders to be placed up to one or more business days prior to the trade date, as described in the Participant Agreement or the applicable order form, in order to receive the trade date’s net asset value. Orders to purchase Shares of the Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) that the equity markets in the relevant foreign market are closed will not be accepted. Authorized Participants may be notified that the cut-off time for an order may be earlier on a particular business day, as described in the Participant Agreement and the order form.
 
 DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
 
Net asset value per Share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fees, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining net asset value. The net asset value of the Fund is calculated by the Custodian and determined at the close of the regular trading session on the NYSE (ordinarily 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day that such exchange is open, provided that fixed-income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for trading in fixed-income instruments on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) announces an early closing time.
 
In calculating the Fund’s net asset value per Share, the Fund’s investments are generally valued using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (i) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (ii) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (iii) based on amortized cost. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published net asset value per share. The Adviser may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as approved by the Board from time to time. A price obtained from a pricing service based on such pricing service’s valuation matrix may be considered a market valuation. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources.
 
In the event that current market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market value, the Trust’s procedures require the Fair Value Committee to determine a security’s fair value if a market price is not readily available. In determining such value the Fair Value Committee may consider, among other things, (i) price comparisons among multiple sources, (ii) a review of corporate actions and news events, and (iii) a review of relevant financial indicators (e.g., movement in interest rates, market indices, and prices from the Fund’s index provider). In these cases, the Fund’s net asset value may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determination for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security. In addition, fair value pricing could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the Fund’s net asset value and the prices used by the Fund’s Underlying Index. This may result in a difference between the Fund’s performance and the performance of the Fund’s Underlying Index. With respect to securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges, the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or sell your Shares.
 
 DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
 
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.”
 
 
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General Policies. Dividends from net investment income, if any, are declared and paid quarterly by the Fund. Distributions of net realized securities gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis for the Fund to improve index tracking or to comply with the distribution requirements of the Code, in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
 
Dividends and other distributions on shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Fund.
 
The Fund may make additional distributions to the extent necessary (i) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (ii) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the status of the Fund as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income.
 
Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables in order to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares issued by the Trust of the Fund at NAV per share. Distributions reinvested in additional shares of the Fund will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.
 
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
 
The following is only a summary of certain additional federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.
 
The following general discussion of certain federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
 
The recently enacted tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.   Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026.  There are only minor changes with respect to the specific rules only applicable to a RIC, such as the Fund.  The Tax Act, however, makes numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Fund.  You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how the Tax Act affects your investment in the Fund.
 
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this SAI in light of the particular tax situations of the shareholders and regarding specific questions as to federal, state, or local taxes.
 
Regulated Investment Company (RIC) Status. The Fund will seek to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code. Provided that for each tax year the Fund: (i) meets the requirements to be treated as a RIC (as discussed below); and (ii) distributes at least an amount equal to the sum of 90% of the Fund’s net investment income for such year (including, for this purpose, the excess of net realized short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, the Fund itself will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent the Fund’s net investment income and the Fund’s net realized capital gains, if any, are distributed to the Fund’s shareholders. One of several requirements for RIC qualification is that the Fund must receive at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities, foreign currencies and net income from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (the “90% Test”). A second requirement for qualification as a RIC is that the Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with these other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets or 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets are invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Asset Test”).
 
 
42
 
 
Under the Asset Test, the Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets would be invested in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund’s assets and (b) issuers more than 10% of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund. Because the Underlying Index has a relatively small number of constituents, the 5% limitation could affect the Fund’s ability to effectively implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy. As the Fund grows, the 10% limitation might also affect its ability to effectively implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy.
 
If the Fund fails to satisfy the 90% Test or the Asset Test, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Asset Test. In order to qualify for relief provisions for a failure to meet the Asset Test, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If the Fund fails to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any year, and the relief provisions are not available, all of its taxable income will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates (which the Tax Act reduced to 21%) without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In such case, its shareholders would be taxed as if they received ordinary dividends, although the dividends could be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and the dividends may be eligible for the lower tax rates available to non-corporate shareholders on qualified dividend income. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any taxable year for which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund would generally be required to pay a Fund-level tax on any net built-in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If the Fund determines that it will not qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in the Fund’s NAV.
 
The Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year and certain other late-year losses.
 
If the Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) for a taxable year, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year.
 
The Fund will generally be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for the year, 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, and certain other amounts. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions, or deemed distributions, to avoid imposition of the excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such tax liability will be eliminated.
 
 
43
 
 
The Fund intends to distribute substantially all its net investment income and net realized capital gains to shareholders annually. The distribution of net investment income and net realized capital gains generally will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether the shareholder elects to receive these distributions in cash or in additional shares. However, the Fund may determine not to distribute, or determine to defer the distribution of, some portion of its income in non-routine circumstances. If the Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon timely filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”).
 
A portion of the net investment income distributions of the Fund may be treated as qualified dividend income (which, for non-corporate shareholders, is generally eligible for taxation at reduced rates). The portion of distributions that the Fund may report as qualified dividend income is generally limited to the amount of qualified dividend income received by the Fund, but if for any Fund taxable year 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (exclusive of net capital gain from sales of stocks and securities) consists of qualified dividend income, all distributions of such income for that taxable year may be reported as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (i.e., foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, and other foreign corporations if the stock with respect to which the dividend income is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States).
 
In order for some portion of the dividends received by a shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend paying stocks in its portfolio, and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund’s shares. Distributions reported to Fund shareholders as capital gain dividends will be taxable at the rates applicable to long-term capital gains (generally, at a maximum rate of 20% for non-corporate shareholders), regardless of how long the shareholder has owned the shares. The Fund’s shareholders will be notified annually by the Fund as to the federal tax status of all distributions made by the Fund. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.
 
U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
 
Shareholders who have held Fund shares for less than a full year should be aware that the Fund may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of the Fund’s total ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the period of investment in the Fund.
 
If the Fund’s distributions for a taxable year exceed its taxable income and capital gains realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made for the taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and generally result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.
 
A sale or exchange of shares in the Fund may give rise to a capital gain or loss. In general, any capital gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the capital gain or loss on the taxable disposition of shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be disallowed if substantially identical shares are purchased (through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
 
 
44
 
 
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.
 
Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will be treated as short-term capital gains or losses.
 
The Trust on behalf of the Fund has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Trust if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units if acceptance of the securities to be exchanged for the Creation Units would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund.
 
Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction.
 
Foreign Investments. Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries (including, for example, dividends or interest on stock or securities of non-U.S. issuers) may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between such countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. If as of the end of the Fund’s taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consist of the securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to permit shareholders who are U.S. citizens, resident aliens, or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Fund during that taxable year to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. A shareholder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder not getting a full credit or deduction for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit, but not a deduction, for such foreign taxes.
 
Foreign Currency Transactions. Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues income or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or receivables or pays such expenses or liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, on the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency and on the disposition of certain other instruments, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition are also treated as ordinary gain or loss. The gains and losses may increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income.
 
Options, Swaps and Other Complex Securities. The Fund may invest in complex securities such as equity options, index options, repurchase agreements, foreign currency contracts, hedges and swaps, transactions treated as straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and futures contracts. These investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Fund, cause income or gain to be recognized even though corresponding cash is not received by the Fund, and/or defer the Fund’s ability to recognize losses. In turn, those rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed by the Fund.
 
 
45
 
 
With respect to any investments in zero coupon securities which are sold at original issue discount and thus do not make periodic cash interest payments, the Fund may be required to include as part of its current income the imputed interest on such obligations even though the Fund may not have received any interest payments on such obligations during that period. Because the Fund is required to distribute all of its net investment income to its shareholders, the Fund may have to sell Fund securities to distribute such imputed income. Those sales may occur at a time when the Advisor would not otherwise have chosen to sell such securities and will generally result in taxable gain or loss.
 
Back-Up Withholding. The Fund or your broker will be required to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on taxable dividends paid to any shareholder, as well as the proceeds of any redemptions of Creation Units, paid to a shareholder or Authorized Participant who (1) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (2) is subject to withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (3) fails to provide a certified statement that he or she is not subject to “backup withholding;” or (4) fails to provide a certified statement that he or she is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s ultimate U.S. tax liability.
 
Foreign Shareholders. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from net investment income and short-term capital gains. Gains from the sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who either (1) meets the Code’s definition of “resident alien” or (2) is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.
 
Ordinary dividends, paid after June 30, 2014 (or in certain cases, after later dates) to a shareholder that is a “foreign financial institution” as defined in Section 1471 of the Code and that does not meet the requirements imposed on foreign financial institutions by Section 1471 will generally be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate. Under current IRS guidance, withholding on such payments will begin at different times depending on the type of payment, the type of payee, and whether the shareholder’s account is opened before or after July 1, 2014. Withholding with respect to ordinary dividends began on July 1, 2014 for accounts opened on or after that date and on certain later dates for accounts opened before July 1, 2014. The extent, if any, to which such withholding tax may be reduced or eliminated by an applicable tax treaty is unclear. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.
 
In order for a foreign investor to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors in the Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
 
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
 
Other Issues. The Fund may be subject to tax or taxes in certain states where the Fund does business. Furthermore, in those states which have income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Fund and of Fund shareholders with respect to distributions by the Fund may differ from federal tax treatment.
   
 
46
 
 
Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors concerning their specific situations and the application of state, local and foreign taxes.
 
At September 30, 2019, the Fund had capital loss carry forwards for federal income tax purposes available to offset future capital gains as follows:
 
 
 Expiring
 
 
  Non-Expiring Short-Term
 
 
  Non-Expiring Long-Term
 
 
 Total
 
 - 
 128,455,840 
 32,738,089 
 161,193,929 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The annual report for the Fund for the fiscal period ended September 30, 2019 is a separate document and the financial statements and accompanying notes appearing therein are incorporated by reference into this SAI. You may request a copy of the Fund’s Annual Report at no charge by calling 1-844-ETFMGRS (383-6477) or through the Fund’s website at www.etfmj.com.
 
 
47
 
 
Appendix A
 
The Fund generally intends to effect deliveries of Creation Units and portfolio securities on a basis of “T” plus two business days. The Fund may effect deliveries of Creation Units and portfolio securities on a basis other than T plus two in order to accommodate local holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates, or under certain other circumstances. The ability of the Trust to effect in-kind creations and redemptions within two business days of receipt of an order in good form is subject, among other things, to the condition that, within the time period from the date of the order to the date of delivery of the securities, there are no days that are holidays in the applicable foreign market. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable foreign market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a foreign market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
 
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with foreign market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days in certain circumstances.
 
The holidays applicable to the Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for the Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future. Because the portfolio securities of the Fund may trade on days that the Fund’s Exchange is closed or on days that are not business Days for the Fund, Authorized Participants may not be able to redeem their shares of the Fund, or to purchase and sell shares of the Fund on the Exchange, on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets, including Saturdays, Sundays, the U.S. holidays listed below, and any other time the Exchange is closed.
 
The dates of the Regular Holidays in the United States in calendar year 2020 are:
 
 
 
Holiday
2020
New Year’s Day
Wednesday, January 1
 
 
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
Monday, January 20
 
 
President's Day)
Monday, February 17
 
 
Good Friday
Friday, April 10
 
 
Memorial Day
Monday, May 25
 
 
Independence Day
Friday, July 3*
 
 
Labor Day
Monday, September 7
 
 
Thanksgiving Day
Thursday, November 26*
 
 
Christmas Day
Friday, December 25***
 
* The NYSE, NYSE AMEX and NASDAQ will observe the July 4 holiday on Friday, July 3, 2020.
** The NYSE, NYSE AMEX and NASDAQ will close early at 1:00 p.m. Eastern time on Friday, November 29, 2020 (the day after Thanksgiving).
*** The NYSE, NYSE AMEX and NASDAQ will close early at 1:00 p.m. Eastern time on Thursday, December 24, 2020.
In calendar year 2020 , the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
 
 
A-1
 
The dates of the Regular Holidays in calendar year 2018 are:
 
ARGENTINA
 
 
 
January 1
April 10
July 9
December 8
February 24
May 1
August 17
December 25
February 25
May 25
October 12
December 31
March 24
June 17
November 23
 
April 2
June 20
December 7
 
 
AUSTRALIA
 
 
 
January 1
April 10
April 13
December 25
January 26
April 11
April 25
December 26
January 27
April 12
April 27
December 28
 
AZERBAIJAN
 
 
 
January 1
March 20
March 26
June 15
January 2
March 21
March 27
June 16
January 3
March 22
May 11
July 31
January 6
March 23
May 24
August 1
January 20
March 24
May 25
November 9
March 9
March 25
May 28
December 31
 
BELGIUM
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
June 1
November 1
April 12
May 21
July 21
November 11
April 13
May 31
August 15
December 25
 
BERMUDA
 
 
 
January 1
June 15
September 7
December 28
April 10
July 30
November 11
 
May 29
July 31
December 25
 
 
BRAZIL
 
 
 
January 1
April 21
September 7
November 15
February 25
May 1
October 12
December 25
April 10
June 11
November 2
 
 
CANADA
 
 
 
January 1
May 18
September 7
December 25
April 10
July 1
October 12
 
April 13
August 3
November 11
 
 
CHILE
 
 
 
January 1
May 21
September 18
November 1
April 10
June 29
September 19
November 2
April 11
July 16
October 12
December 8
May 1
August 15
October 31
December 25
 
CHINA
 
 
 
January 1
January 29
May 1
October 5
January 14
January 30
June 25
October 6
January 25
January 31
October 1
October 7
January 26
April 4
October 2
 
January 27
April 5
October 3
 
January 28
April 6
October 4
 
 
 
A-2
 
 
COLOMBIA
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
July 20
November 16
January 6
May 25
August 7
December 8
March 19
June 15
August 17
December 25
April 9
June 22
October 12
 
April 10
June 29
November 2
 
 
CZECH REPUBLIC
 
 
 
January 1
May 8
October 28
December 26
April 10
July 5
November 17
 
April 13
July 6
December 24
 
May 1
September 28
December 25
 
 
DENMARK
 
 
 
January 1
April 12
May 21
December 24
April 9
April 13
May 31
December 25
April 10
May 8
June 1
December 26
 
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
 
 
 
January 1
February 27
June 11
December 25
January 6
April 10
August 16
 
January 21
April 12
September 24
 
January 26
May 1
November 6
 
 
FINLAND
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
November 1
 
January 6
May 21
December 6
 
April 10
June 19
December 24
 
April 13
June 20
December 25
 
 
 
A-3
 
 
FRANCE
 
 
 
January 1
May 21
November 1
 
April 13
June 1
November 11
 
May 1
July 14
December 25
 
May 8
August 15
 
 
 
GERMANY
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
October 3
 
April 10
May 21
December 25
 
April 13
June 1
December 26
 
 
HUNGARY
 
 
 
January 1
April 13
August 20
December 25
March 15
May 1
August 21
December 26
April 10
May 31
October 23
 
April 12
June 1
November 1
 
 
INDIA
 
 
 
January 26
April 14
August 15
October 29
February 21
May 7
August 29
November 14
April 6
July 31
October 2
November 30
April 10
August 12
October 25
December 25
 
INDONESIA
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
June 1
December 25
January 25
May 7
July 31
 
March 22
May 21
August 17
 
March 25
May 24
August 20
 
April 10
May 26
October 29
 
 
IRELAND
 
 
 
January 1
May 4
October 26
December 28
March 17
June 1
December 25
 
April 13
August 3
December 26
 
 
ISRAEL
 
 
 
March 10
April 16
July 30
September 28
March 11
April 29
August 19
October 3
April 4
May 8
August 20
October 10
April 9
May 29
September 19
October 11
April 15
May 31
September 20
 
 
ITALY
 
 
 
January 1
April 25
August 15
December 25
January 6
May 1
November 1
December 26
April 13
June 2
December 8
 
 
JAPAN
 
 
 
January 1
May 3
August 11
November 23
January 13
May 4
September 21
December 23
February 11
May 5
September 22
 
March 20
May 6
October 12
 
April 29
July 20
November 3
 
 
 
A-4
 
 
KAZAKHSTAN
 
 
 
January 1
March 21
May 7
December 16
January 2
March 22
May 11
December 17
January 7
March 23
July 6
 
March 9
March 24
July 31
 
March 20
May 1
December 1
 
 
LUXEMBOURG
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
June 10
November 1
April 19
May 9
June 23
December 25
April 22
May 30
August 15
December 26
 
MALAYSIA
 
 
 
January 25
May 7
July 31
September 16
January 26
May 24
August 20
October 29
January 27
May 25
August 31
December 25
May 1
May 26
September 9
 
 
MEXICO
 
 
 
January 1
April 9
September 16
November 16
February 43
April 10
October 12
November 20
March 16
May 1
November 2
December 25
 
NETHERLANDS
 
 
 
January 1
April 27
May 31
December 26
April 12
May 5
June 1
 
April 13
May 21
December 25
 
 
NORWAY
 
 
 
January 1
April 13
May 21
December 26
April 9
May 1
June 1

April 10
May 17
December 25
 
 
OMAN
 
 
 
January 1
May 26
July 31
August 20
March 22
May 27
August 1
October 29
May 24
July 23
August 2
November 18
May 25
July 30
August 3
November 19
 
PERU
 
 
 
January 1
June 29
August 30
December 25
April 9
July 27
October 8
 
April 10
July 28
November 1
 
May 1
July 29
December 8
 
 
PHILIPPINES
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
August 31
December 25
January 25
May 24
November 1
December 30
April 9
June 12
November 30
December 31
April 10
July 31
December 8
 
April 11
August 21
December 24
 
 
 
A-5
 
 
POLAND
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
August 15
December 26
January 6
May 3
November 1
 
April 12
May 31
November 11
 
April 13
June 11
December 25
 
 
QATAR
 
 
 
February 11
May 26
July 31
August 4
March 11
May 27
August 1
December 18
May 24
May 28
August 2
 
May 25
July 30
August 3
 
*The Qatari market is closed every Friday.
 
 
 
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
 
 
 
January 1
January 27
May 1
October 1
January 24
March 1
May 5
October 3
January 25
April 15
June 6
October 9
January 26
April 30
August 15
December 25
 
 
September 30
 
 
ROMANIA
 
 
 
January 1
April 20
June 8
December 25
January 2
May 1
August 15
December 26
January 24
June 1
November 30
 
April 17
June 7
December 1
 
 
RUSSIA
 
 
 
January 1
January 7
May 1
May 12
January 2
February 23
May 4
November4
January 3
February 24
May 9
 
January 6
March 9
May 11
 
 
 
A-6
 
 
SAUDI ARABIA
 
 
 
May 24
July 16
July 31
August 5
May 25
July 17
August 1
September 23
May 26
July 28
August 2
 
May 27
July 29
August 3
 
May 28
July 30
August 4
 
*The Saudi market is closed every Friday.
 
 
 
SINGAPORE
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
August 9
October 28
February 5
May 19
August 11
December 25
February 6
May 20
August 12
 
April 19
June 5
October 27
 
 
SPAIN
 
 
 
January 1
May 1
November 1
December 25
January 6
August 15
December 6
 
April 19
October 12
December 8
 
 
SWEDEN
 
 
 
January 1
April 13
June 6
December 24
January 6
May 1
June 19
December 25
April 10
May 21
June 20
December 26
April 12
May 31
November 1
December 31
 
SWITZERLAND
 
 
 
January 1
May 21
August 1
December 26
April 10
May 31
September 20
 
April 13
June 1
December 25
 
 
THAILAND
 
 
 
January 1
April 13
May 21
October 23
January 2
April 14
July 5
December 7
January 25
April 15
July 28
December 10
March 9
May 1
August 12
December 31
April 6
May 7
October 13
 
 
TURKEY
 
 
 
January 1
May 24
July 15
August 3
April 23
May 25
July 31
August 30
May 1
May 26
August 1
October 29
May 19
May 27
August 2
 
 
 
A-7
 
 
UKRAINE
 
 
 
January 1
April 20
June 29
December 31
January 7
May 1
August 24
 
March 9
May 11
October 14
 
April 19
June 8
December 25
 
 
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
 
 
 
January 1
May 26
August 2
December 2
March 22
July 30
August 20
December 3
May 24
July 31
October 29
 
May 25
August 1
November 30
 
*The United Arab Emirates markets are closed every Friday.
 
 
 
UNITED KINGDOM
 
 
 
January 1
May 4
August 31
December 26
April 10
May 25
December 25
December 28
 
UNITED STATES
 
 
 
January 1
April 10
September 7
 
January 20
May 25
November 26
 
February 17
July 3
December 25
 
 
URUGUAY
 
 
 
January 1
April 9
May 1
August 28
February 24
April 10
June 19
October 12
February 25
April 20
July 18
December 25
 
ZAMBIA
 
 
 
January 1
April 11
July 6
October 24
March 9
April 13
July 7
December 25
March 12
May 1
August 3
 
April 10
May 25
October 19
 
 
In the calendar year 2020, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case (longest) redemption cycle* for the Fund as follows:
 
 
A-8
 
 
SETTLEMENT PERIODS GREATER THAN SEVEN DAYS FOR YEAR 2020








  Beginning of  Settlement Period

  End of  Settlement Period

  Number of Days in  Settlement  Period
Australia
 
4/6/2020
 
4/14/2020
 
8
 
 
4/7/2020
 
4/15/2020
 
8
 
 
4/8/2020
 
4/16/2020
 
8
 
 
4/9/2020
 
4/17/2020
 
8
 
 
12/21/2020
 
12/29/2020
 
8
 
 
12/22/2020
 
12/30/2020
 
8
 
 
12/23/2020
 
12/31/2020
 
8
 
 
12/24/2020
 
1/2/2021
 
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
China
 
1/22/2020
 
2/3/2020
 
12
 
 
1/23/2020
 
2/3/2020
 
12
 
 
1/24/2020
 
2/5/2020
 
12
 
 
1/27/2020
 
2/5/2020
 
9
 
 
1/28/2020
 
2/5/2020
 
8
 
 
9/28/20
 
10/8/20
 
10
 
 
9/29/20
 
10/9/20
 
10
 
 
9/30/20
 
10/12/20
 
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Israel
 
3/3/2020
 
3/12/2020
 
9
 
 
3/4/2020
 
3/16/2020
 
12
 
 
3/5/2020
 
3/17/2020
 
12
 
 
3/9/2020
 
3/18/2020
 
9
 
 
4/2/2020
 
4/13/2020
 
11
 
 
4/6/2020
 
4/14/2020
 
8
 
 
4/7/2020
 
4/20/2020
 
13
 
 
4/8/2020
 
4/21/2020
 
13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japan
 
1/10/2020
 
1/20/2020
 
9
 
 
4/28/2020
 
5/7/2020
 
8
 
 
4/29/2020
 
5/8/2020
 
8
 
 
4/30/2020
 
5/11/2020
 
10
 
 
5/1/2020
 
5/12/2020
 
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mexico
 
1/31/2020
 
2/11/2020
 
10
 
 
4/3/2020
 
4/13/2020
 
10
 

4/6/2020
 
4/14/2020
 
8
 
 
4/7/2020
 
4/15/2020
 
8
 
 
4/8/2020
 
4/16/2020
 
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oman
 
5/19/2020
 
6/1/2020
 
12
 
 
5/20/2020
 
6/2/2020
 
12
 
 
5/21/2020
 
6/3/2020
 
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Peru
 
7/24/2020
 
8/3/2020
 
9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Qatar
 
5/19/2020
 
5/28/2020
 
9
 
 
5/20/2020
 
6/1/2020
 
12
 
 
5/21/2020
 
6/2/2020
 
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Russia
 
1/2/2020
 
1/14/2020
 
12
 
 
1/3/2020
 
1/14/2020
 
11

 
1/6/2020
 
1/14/2020
 
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A-9
 
 
Saudi Arabia
 
5/13/2020
 
6/2/2020
 
19
 
 
5/14/2020
 
6/3/2020
 
19
 
 
5/18/2020
 
6/4/2020
 
16
 
 
5/19/2020
 
6/8/2020
 
19
 
 
5/20/2020
 
6/9/2020
 
19
 
 
5/21/2020
 
6/10/2020
 
19
 
 
7/7/2020
 
7/20/2020
 
13
 
 
7/8/2020
 
7/21/2020
 
13
 
 
7/9/2020
 
7/22/2020
 
13
 
 
7/13/2020
 
7/23/2020
 
13
 
 
7/14/2020
 
7/27/2020
 
13
 
 
7/15/2020
 
8/6/2020
 
22
 
 
7/20/2020
 
8/10/2020
 
22
 
 
7/21/2020
 
8/11/2020
 
22
 
 
7/22/2020
 
8/12/2020
 
22
 
 
7/23/2020
 
8/13/2020
 
22
 
 
7/27/2020
 
8/17/2020
 
21
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
 
1/2/2020
 
1/14/2020
 
13
 
 
1/3/2020
 
1/15/2020
 
12
 
 
1/3/2020
 
1/16/2020
 
12

 
4/22/2020
 
5/4/2020
 
11
 
 
4/23/2020
 
5/5/2020
 
11
 
 
4/24/2020
 
5/6/2020
 
11
 
 
4/27/2020
 
5/7/2020
 
9
 
 
4/28/2020
 
5/8/2020
 
9
 
 
4/29/2020
 
5/11/2020
 
11
 
 
4/30/2020
 
5/12/2020
 
11
 
 
10/1/2020
 
10/13/2020
 
11
 
 
10/2/2020
 
10/14/2020
 
11
 
 
10/5/2020
 
10/15/2020
 
9
 
 
10/6/2020
 
10/16/2020
 
9
 
 
10/7/2020
 
10/19/2020
 
11
 
 
10/8/2020
 
10/20/2020
 
11
 
 
10/9/2020
 
10/21/2020
 
11
 
 
11/27/2020
 
12/9/2020
 
11
 
 
11/30/2020
 
12/10/2020
 
9
 
 
12/1/2020
 
12/11/2020
 
9
 
 
12/2/2020
 
12/14/2020
 
9
 
 
12/3/2020
 
12/15/2020
 
9
 
 
12/4/2020
 
12/16/2020
 
9
 
 
12/7/2020
 
12/17/2020
 
9
 
 
12/16/2020
 
12/28/2020
 
11
 
 
12/17/2020
 
12/29/2020
 
11
 
 
12/18/2020
 
12/30/2020
 
11
 
 
12/21/2020
 
12/31/2020
 
10
 
 
12/22/2020
 
1/4/2021
 
12
 
 
12/23/2020
 
1/5/2021
 
12
 
 
12/24/2020
 
1/6/2021
 
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Switzerland
 
4/3/2020
 
4/15/2020
 
11
 
 
4/6/2020
 
4/16/2020
 
9
 
 
4/7/2020
 
4/17/2020
 
9
 
 
4/8/2020
 
4/20/2020
 
11
 
 
4/9/2020
 
4/21/2020
 
11
 
 
A-10
 
 PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
 
ETF Managers Trust
 
ITEM 28. EXHIBITS
 
(a)
(1)
Certificate of Trust dated June 30, 2009, as filed with the state of Delaware on July 1, 2009, for ETF Managers Trust (the “Trust” or the “Registrant”) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(1) to the Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 22, 2012.   
 
 
 
 
(2)
Certificate of Amendment dated May 25, 2016 to the Registrant’s Certificate of Trust dated June 30, 2009, as filed with the State of Delaware on May 31, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on August 25, 2016.   
 
 
 
 
(3)
Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, adopted June 30, 2009, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(3) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on November 20, 2012.   
 
 
 
 
(4)
Amendment dated June 20, 2016 to the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, adopted June 30, 2009, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on August 25, 2016.   
 
 
 
(b)
 
Registrant’s By-Laws, adopted October 1, 2012, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on November 20, 2012.   
 
 
 
(c)
 
Not applicable.   
 
 
 
(d)
(1)
Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement dated June 24, 2016 between the Trust and ETF Managers Group LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on August 25, 2016.   
 
 
 
 
(2)
Amended Schedule A dated June 20, 2019 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.   
 
 
 
 
(3)
Sub-Advisory Agreement between ETF Managers Group LLC and EquBot LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on September 28, 2017.
 
 
 
 
(4)
Sub-Advisory Agreement between ETF Managers Group LLC and Sit Fixed Income Advisors II, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
(e)
(1) 
Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement dated December 26, 2017 between the Trust and ETFMG Financial, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2017.   
 
 
 
 
(2) 
Amendment No. 2 dated June 20, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.    
 
 
 
(f)
 
Not applicable.   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(g)
(1)
Amended and Restated Custody Agreement dated December 19, 2017 between the Trust and U.S. Bank National Association (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(2)
Amendment No. 2 dated June 20, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Custody Agreement (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
 
(3)
Prime Brokerage Account Agreement between the Trust and Wedbush Securities Inc. (with respect to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on September 19, 2018.
 
 
 
(h)
(1)(a)
Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement dated December 19, 2017 between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(1)(b)
Second Amendment dated June 20, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1)(b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
 
(2)
Form of Sub-License Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on November 20, 2012.    
 
 
 
 
(3)(a)
Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement dated December 19, 2017 between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(3)(b)
Second Amendment dated June 20, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3)(b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
 
(4)(a)
Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement dated December 19, 2017 between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(4)(b)
Second Amendment dated June 20, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(4)(b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
 
(5)
Securities Lending Agreement dated January 8, 2016 between the Trust and U.S. Bank National Association LLC (with respect to all series except for the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF and the ETFMG Prime Junior Silver ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(11) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on January 28, 2016.
 
 
 
 
(6)
Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Trust and ETF Managers Group LLC (with respect to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on September 19, 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7)
Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement dated January 29, 2019 between the Trust and Gemini Fund Services, LLC (with respect to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) – filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
(8)
Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between the Trust, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc. (with respect to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on September 19, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(9)
Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Trust and ETF Managers Group LLC (with respect to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on September 19, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(10)
Fully Paid Securities Lending Agreement dated September 6, 2018 between the Trust and Wedbush Securities Inc. (with respect to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF), as filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019.
 
 
 
 
(11)
First Amendment to the Fully Paid Securities Lending Agreement dated October 11, 2019 – filed herewith.
 
 
 
 (i)
(1)
Legal Opinion and Consent for AI Powered Equity ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (i)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on September 28, 2017.   
 
 
 
 
(2)
Legal Opinion and Consent for ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (i)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2017. 
 
 
 
 
(3)
Legal Opinion and Consent for ETFMG Prime Junior Silver ETF, ETFMG Prime Cyber Security ETF, ETFMG Prime Mobile Payments ETF, ETFMG Drone Economy Strategy ETF, ETFMG Video Game Tech ETF, BlueStar TA-BIGITech Israel Technology ETF and Etho Climate Leadership U.S. ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (i)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(4)
Legal Opinion and Consent for Rogers AI Global Macro ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (i)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 8, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(5)
Legal Opinion and Consent for ETFMG Sit Ultra Short ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (i)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
(j)
 
Consent of independent registered public accountant – filed herewith.   
 
 
 
(k)
 
Not applicable.   
 
 
 
(l)
 
Not applicable.   
 
 
 
(m)
(1) 
Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
(n)
 
Not applicable.   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(o)
 
Not applicable.   
 
 
 
(p)
(1)
Code of Ethics of the Trust, ETFMG Financial LLC, and ETF Managers Group LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.   
 
 
 
 
(2)
Code of Ethics of EquBot LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on September 28, 2017.
 
 
 
 
(3)
Code of Ethics of Sit Fixed Income Advisors II, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 24, 2019.
 
 
 
(q)
(1)
Power of Attorney dated October 29, 2014 for Terry Loebs is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (q)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on November 4, 2014.   
 
 
 
 
(2)
Power of Attorney dated March 28, 2018 for Jared Chase is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (q)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, as filed with the SEC on June 8, 2018.
 
 
 
 
(3)
Opinion of counsel regarding legal status of the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF – filed herewith.
 
ITEM 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 30INDEMNIFICATION
 
The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee, and, subject to the provisions of the By-Laws, the Trust out of its assets may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer of the Trust from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to such Trustee’s or officer’s performance of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer of the Trust; provided that nothing herein contained shall indemnify, hold harmless or protect any Trustee or officer from or against any liability to the Trust or any Shareholder to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in or with respect to their or his or her capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such Trustees or Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore,unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. 
  
 
 
 
ITEM 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER
 
ETF Managers Group LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser for each series of the Trust. The principal address of the Adviser is 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor, Summit, New Jersey 07901.
 
EquBot LLC serves as investment sub-adviser for the AI Powered Equity ETF. The principal address of EquBot LLC is 450 Townsend Street, San Francisco, California 94107. Sit Fixed Income Advisors II, LLC serves as investment sub-advisor for the ETFMG Sit Ultra Short ETF. The principal address of Sit Fixed Income Advisors II, LLC is 3300 IDS Center, 80 South 8th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402.
 
Each of the above entities is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
 
This Item incorporates by reference each firm’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (“Form ADV”) on file with the SEC, as listed below. The Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.  Additional information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by each officer and director of the firms below is included in the Trust’s Statement of Additional Information.
 
Investment Adviser
SEC File No.
ETF Managers Group LLC
801-107165
EquBot LLC
801-110987
Sit Fixed Income Advisors II, LLC  
801-55201 
 
Item 32.  Principal Underwriter.
 
(a)       ETF Managers Trust is the only investment company for which ETFMG Financial LLC acts as a principal underwriter.
  
(b)       To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of ETFMG Financial LLC are as follows:
 
Name*
Position with Underwriter
Positions with Fund
Samuel R. Masucci III
Chief Executive Officer
Trustee, President and Secretary
Daniel Beaton
FINOP
None
Reshma J. Amin
Chief Compliance Officer
Chief Compliance Officer
* The principal business address for each of the above individuals is 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor, Summit, New Jersey 07901.
 
(c)       Not applicable.
 
ITEM 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS:
 
State the name and address of each person maintaining principal possession of each account, book or other document required to be maintained by section 31(a) of the 1940 Act Section 15 U.S.C. 80a-30(a) and the rules under that section.
 
All accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder are maintained at the following offices:
 
(a) Registrant:
ETF Managers Trust
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor 
Summit, New Jersey 07901
 
 
(b) Adviser:
ETF Managers Group
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor 
Summit, New Jersey 07901
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) Principal Underwriter:
ETFMG Financial LLC
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor 
Summit, New Jersey 07901 
 
 
(d) Custodian:
Wedbush Securities Inc.
1000 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 900
Los Angeles, CA 90017 
 
 
ITEM 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
  
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 35. UNDERTAKINGS
 
Not Applicable. 
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Trust certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment (this “Amendment”) to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A under rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Amendment to be signed below on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Summit, State of New Jersey, on February 7, 2020.
 
 
ETF Managers Trust
 
 
 
 
By: 
 /s/ Samuel Masucci, III
 
 
Samuel Masucci, III
 
 
Trustee and President
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacity indicated on February 7, 2020.
 
 
Signature
 
Title  
 
 
 
/s/ Samuel Masucci, III
 
Trustee and President (principal executive officer)
Samuel Masucci, III
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ John A. Flanagan
 
Treasurer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)
John A. Flanagan
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Jared Chase*
 
Trustee
Jared Chase
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Terry Loebs*
 
Trustee
Terry Loebs
 
 
 
/s/ Samuel Masucci, III
 
*Samuel Masucci, III, Power of Attorney
 
 
 

 
 
 
EXHIBIT LIST
 
Exhibit
Exhibit No.
(h)(7)
(h)(11)
(j)
(q)(3)
 
 
 
 
Exhibit (h)(7)
 
ETF SUB-SERVICES AGREEMENT
 
between
 
ETF MANAGERS GROUP LLC
 
and
 
 
 
 
 
INDEX
 
 
 
1
APPOINTMENT AND DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS
1
2
DUTIES OF GFS
2
3
FEES AND EXPENSES
3
4
STANDARD OF CARE, INDEMNIFICATION AND RELIANCE
4
5
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
7
6
CONFIDENTIALITY
7
7
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
8
8
ADDITIONAL FUNDS AND CLASSES
9
9
ASSIGNMENT AND SUBCONTRACTING
9
10
TERM AND TERMINATION
9
11
MISCELLANEOUS
10
 
 
 
ATTACHED APPENDICES
 
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II 
APPENDIX III
 
 
 
 
ETF MANAGERS GROUP LLC
 
ETF SUB-SERVICES AGREEMENT
 
THIS ETF SUB-SERVICES AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) dated the 1th day of February 2019 (the “Effective Date”), is entered into by and between ETF Managers Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, having its principal office and place of business at 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor, Summit, New Jersey 07901 ("EMG"), and GEMINI FUND SERVICES, LLC, a Nebraska limited liability company, having its principal office and place of business at 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130 (“GFS”).
 
WHEREAS, EMG has been engaged by ETF Managers Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), to provide fund administration and fund accounting services for and on behalf of the Funds (as defined below) pursuant to each of that certain Fund Administration Servicing Agreement, dated as of July 17, 2018 between the Trust and EMG and that certain Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement, dated as of July 17, 2018 between the Trust and EMG; and
 
WHEREAS, the Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”); and
 
WHEREAS, the Trust is authorized to issue shares (“Shares”) in separate series, with each such series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets; and
 
WHEREAS, the Trust offers shares in the series as set forth on Appendix III attached hereto (each such series, together with all other series subsequently established by the Trust and made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 8, being herein referred to as a “Fund,” and collectively as the “Funds”); and
 
WHEREAS, the EMG desires that GFS perform the services selected on Appendix III (collectively the “Services”) for the Funds and GFS is willing to provide those services on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement;
 
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants contained herein, EMG and GFS hereby agree as follows:
 
1.          
APPOINTMENT AND DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS
 
(a)
EMG, on behalf of each Fund listed in Appendix III attached hereto, hereby appoints GFS to provide the Funds with the Services, for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement. GFS accepts such appointment and agrees to furnish the Services in return for the compensation as provided in Section 3 and Appendix III of this Agreement. A description of all the Services offered by GFS is set forth on Appendices I – II.
 
(b)
In connection therewith, EMG has delivered to GFS copies of:
 
(i) the Trust's current Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Bylaws (collectively, the "Organizational Documents");
 
 
1
 
 
(ii)
the Trust's Registration Statement and all amendments thereto filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and the Investment Company Act (the "Registration Statement");
 
(iii)
the Trust’s notification of registration under the Investment Company Act on Form N-8A as filed with the SEC;
 
(iv)
each Fund’s listing notice from the applicable securities exchange;
 
(v)
the Trust's current prospectus and statement of additional information for each Fund (collectively, as currently in effect and as amended or supplemented, the "Prospectus");
 
(vi)
if applicable, each Fund’s current plan of distribution adopted by the Trust under Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act (the "Plan");
 
(vii)
each Fund’s investment advisory agreement;
 
()
each Fund’s underwriting agreement;
 
(viii)
contact information for the Trust’s and/or each Fund’s service providers, including, but not limited to, EMG, the Trust’s and/or each Fund’s administrator, custodian, transfer agent and/or index receipt agent, independent auditors, legal counsel, underwriter, lead market maker, securities exchange where the Shares will be listed and chief compliance officer; and
 
(ix)
procedures adopted by the Trust in accordance with Rule 17a-7 under the Investment Company Act with respect to affiliated transactions.
 
(c)
EMG shall promptly furnish (or cause to be furnished) to GFS with all amendments of or supplements to the items listed in Section 1(b) above, and shall deliver to GFS a copy of the resolutions of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the "Board") appointing EMG as the Funds’ administrator and granting EMG the authority to enter into this Agreement with GFS.
 
2.          
DUTIES OF GFS
 
GFS’s duties with respect to Sub-Fund Accounting and Fund Sub-Administration services are detailed in Appendices I and II to this Agreement.
 
(a)
In order for GFS to perform the Services, EMG shall (or shall cause the Trust to) (i) cause all service providers to the Trust and/or each Fund to furnish any and all necessary information to GFS, and assist GFS as may be required and (ii) ensure that GFS has access to all records and documents that GFS needs to perform the Services and that are maintained by the Trust and the Funds or any service provider to the Trust or any Fund.
 
(b)
GFS shall, for all purposes herein, be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall, unless otherwise expressly provided or authorized, have no authority to act for or represent EMG or the Trust in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of EMG or the Trust.
 
 
2
 
 
(c)
Whenever, in the course of performing its duties under this Agreement, GFS determines,on the basis of information supplied to GFS by EMG or the Trust, that a violation of applicable law has occurred, or that, to its knowledge, a possible violation of applicable law may have occurred, or with the passage of time could occur, GFS shall promptly notify EMG and the Trust’s chief compliance officer and legal counsel of such violation.
 
3.          
FEES AND EXPENSES
 
(a)
Fees. As compensation for the Services provided by GFS pursuant to this Agreement, EMG agrees to pay GFS the fees set forth in Appendix III attached hereto. Fees will begin to accrue with respect to each Fund on the later of the date of this Agreement or the date GFS begins providing services to such Fund. For the purpose of determining fees calculated as a function of such Fund’s assets, the value of the Fund’s assets and net assets shall be computed as required by its currently effective Prospectus, generally accepted accounting principles, and resolutions of the Board. GFS will render, after the close of each month in which the Services have been furnished, a statement reflecting all of the charges for such month together with any unpaid charges from prior months. Services provided for partial months shall be subject to pro ration.
 
(b)
Expenses. In addition to the fees paid under Section 3(a) above, EMG agrees to reimburse GFS for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses or advances incurred by GFS to perform the Services, as well as for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by GFS at the request or with the consent of EMG. For the avoidance of doubt, and without intending to limit EMG’s reimbursement obligation, EMG agrees to reimburse GFS for the following expenses to the extent incurred by GFS in the performance of the Services:
 
(i)
taxes (except to the extent relating the income of GFS);
(ii)
interest;
(iii)
brokerage fees and commissions, if any;
(iv)
fees for trustees who are not officers, directors, partners, employees or holders of five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of GFS or the Company’s investment adviser;
(v)
SEC fees (including EDGAR filing fees);
(vi)
state blue sky registration or qualification fees;
(vii)
licensing fees for the index on which the Funds are based (“Index”);
(viii)
securities exchange listing fees and fees associated with the calculation and dissemination of the Index and indicative optimized portfolio value (“IOPV”);
(ix)
advisory fees;
(x)
charges of custodians;
(xi)
transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent and index receipt agent fees;
(xii)
insurance premiums;
(xiii)
outside auditing and legal expenses;
(xiv)
costs of maintaining Trust existence;
(xv)
costs attributable to shareholder services, including, without limitation, telephone and personnel expenses;
(xvi)
costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes;
(xvii)
costs of shareholders' reports, Trust meetings and related expenses;
(xviii)
costs associated with Fund purchase and redemption transactions; and
 
 
3
 
 
(xix)             
any extraordinary expenses.
 
(c)
Fee Changes. On each anniversary date of this Agreement, the base and/or minimum fees enumerated in Appendix III attached hereto, may be increased by the change in the Consumer Price Index for the Northeast region (the “CPI”) for the twelve-month period ending with the month preceding such annual anniversary date. Any CPI increases not charged in any given year may be included in prospective CPI fee increases in future years. GFS Agrees to provide EMG prior written notice of any CPI increase.
 
(d)
Due Date. All fees contemplated under Section 3(a) above and reimbursement for all expenses contemplated under Section 3(b) above are due and payable within ten (10) days of receipt of an invoice provided by GFS. Any fees or reimbursements due hereunder and not received by its due date may be assessed interest at the maximum amount permitted by law.
 
(e)
Books and Records. The accounts, books, records and other documents (the “Records”) maintained by GFS in connection with the performance of the Services shall be the property of the Trust, and shall be surrendered to EMG, at the expense of EMG, promptly upon request by EMG in the form in which such Records have been maintained or preserved, provided that all service fees and expenses charged by GFS in the performance of its duties hereunder have been fully paid to the satisfaction of GFS. GFS agrees to maintain a backup set of each Fund’s Records (which back-up set shall be updated on at least a weekly basis) at a location other than that where the original Records are stored. GFS shall assist the Funds’ independent auditors, or, upon approval of the Funds, any regulatory body, in any requested review of the Funds’ Records. GFS shall preserve the Records, as they are required to be maintained and preserved by Rule 31a-1 under the Investment Company Act.
 
(f)
Post-Engagement Audit Support Fees. After a de-conversion, GFS may be called upon to provide support to a Fund’s service providers in connection with a Fund’s annual audit. Services provided by GFS to accommodate any request by the Fund for assistance with the Fund’s annual audit following termination of this Agreement shall be subject to GFS’s standard hourly rates existing at the time of the request. EMG agrees to compensate GFS, at GFS’s standard hourly rates, for accommodating any such request.
 
4.          
STANDARD OF CARE, INDEMNIFICATION AND RELIANCE
 
(a)
Indemnification of GFS. EMG shall indemnify and hold GFS harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable attorney or consultant fees, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to EMG’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, breach of any representation or warranty made by EMG contained in this Agreement, or which arise out of EMG’s lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to EMG’s performance under or in connection with this Agreement. EMG shall also indemnify and hold GFS harmless from all reasonable actions taken by GFS hereunder in good faith without gross negligence, willful misconduct or reckless disregard of its duties.
 
(b)
Indemnification of EMG. GFS shall indemnify and hold EMG harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable attorney or consultant fees,
 
4
 
 
payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to GFS’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, breach of any representation or warranty made by GFS contained in this Agreement or which arise out of (i) GFS’s lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to GFS’s performance under or in connection with this Agreement, or (ii) solely with respect to work performed by GFS to calculate the net asset value of a Fund, GFS’s ordinary negligence.
 
(c) 
Reliance. Except to the extent that GFS may be liable pursuant to Sections 4(a) or 4(b) above, EMG shall hold GFS harmless and GFS shall not be liable for any action taken or failure to act in reliance upon, and shall be entitled to rely upon:
 
(i)
advice of EMG, the Trust, the Funds, their officers, independent auditors or legal counsel;
 
(ii)
any oral instruction which it receives and which it, in good faith, has a reasonable basis to believe was transmitted by the person or persons authorized by EMG or the Board to give such oral instruction pursuant to the parties standard operating practices;
 
(iii)
any written instruction or resolution of EMG or the Board, and GFS may rely upon the genuineness of any such document, copy or facsimile thereof reasonably believed by GFS to have been validly executed;
 
(iv)
any signature, instruction, request, letter of transmittal, certificate, opinion of counsel, statement, instrument, report, notice, consent, order, or other document reasonably believed by GFS to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by EMG, the Trust, or other proper party or parties;
 
(v)
any instruction, information, data, records or documents provided to GFS or its agents or subcontractors furnished (pursuant to procedures mutually agreed to by GFS and the Trust’s service providers) by machine readable input, data entry, email, facsimile or other similar means authorized by the Trust; and
 
(vi)
any authorization, instruction, approval, item or set of data, or information of any kind transmitted to GFS in person or by telephone, email, facsimile or other electronic means, furnished and reasonably believed by GFS to be genuine and to have been given by the proper person or persons. GFS shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any person, until receipt of written notice thereof from EMG or the Trust.
 
GFS shall not be under any duty or obligation to inquire into the validity or invalidity or authority or lack of authority of any statement, oral or written instruction, resolution, signature, request, letter of transmittal, certificate, opinion of counsel, instrument, report, notice, consent, order, or any other document or instrument which GFS reasonably believes to be genuine.
 
At any time, GFS may apply to EMG or to any officer of the Trust for instructions, and may consult with legal counsel to the Trust with respect to any matter arising in connection with the routine services to be performed by GFS under this Agreement, and GFS and its agents or subcontractors shall not be liable and shall be indemnified by EMG on behalf of the Trust for any action taken or omitted by it in reasonable reliance upon such instructions or upon the advice of such counsel.
 
 
5
 
 
 
(d)
Errors of Others. GFS shall not be liable for the errors of other service providers to the Trust, except or unless any GFS action or inaction is a direct cause of the error.
 
(e)
Reliance on Electronic Instructions. If the Trust has the ability to originate electronic instructions to GFS in order to (i) effect the transfer or movement of cash or Shares or (ii) transmit shareholder information or other information, then in such event GFS shall be entitled to rely on the validity and authenticity of such instruction without undertaking any further inquiry as long as such instruction is undertaken in conformity with security procedures established and agreed upon by GFS and the Fund’s investment adviser.
 
(f)
Notification of Claims. In order that the indemnification provisions contained in this Section shall apply, upon the assertion of a claim for which either party may be required to indemnify the other, the party seeking indemnification shall promptly notify the other party of such assertion, and shall keep the other party advised with respect to all developments concerning such claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the failure of the indemnitee to timely notify the indemnitor shall not relieve the indemnitor of its indemnification obligations hereunder except to the extent that the indemnitor is materially prejudiced by such failure.
 
(g)
Defense of Claims. The party who may be required to indemnify shall have the option to participate with the party seeking indemnification in the defense of such claim or to defend against said claim in its own name or in the name of the other party. The party seeking indemnification shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the other party may be required to indemnify it except with the other party’s prior written consent.
 
(h)
Limitation of GFS’s Liability. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, GFS’s maximum liability to the other party under this Section arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby, whether arising in contract, tort (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise, shall not exceed the direct loss to such other party. IN NO EVENT SHALL GFS BE LIABLE FOR TRADING LOSSES, LOST REVENUES, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES OR LOST PROFITS, WHETHER OR NOT SUCH DAMAGES WERE FORESEEABLE OR GFS WAS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE OTHER PARTS OF THIS AGREEMENT ARE PREMISED UPON THE LIMITATION STATED IN THIS SECTION.
 
(h) 
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, GFS acknowledges and agrees that (i) each Fund represents a separate pool of assets and liabilities from any other Funds subject to this Agreement, (ii) the liabilities or obligations of EMG hereunder on behalf of each Fund are several to the liabilities or obligations of EMG hereunder on behalf of any other Fund, and (iii) to the extent GFS is entitled to receive payments in respect of any Fund under this Agreement pursuant to Section 3, Section 4 or otherwise, GFS acknowledges that EMG shall look only to the assets of the applicable Fund for such payment, and that no other Fund nor any of the Trust’s trustees, officers, employees, agents , or shareholders, whether past, present or future, shall be liable therefor.
 
 
6
 
 
5.          
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
(a) Representations of GFS. GFS represents and warrants to EMG that:
 
(i)
it is a limited liability company duly organized, existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of Nebraska;
 
(ii)
it is empowered under applicable laws and by its organizational documents to enter into this Agreement and perform its duties under this Agreement; and
 
(iii)
it has access to the necessary facilities, equipment, and personnel to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement.
 
(b) Representations of EMG. EMG represents and warrants to GFS that:
 
(i)
it is a limited liability company duly organized, existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of Delaware;
 
(ii)
it is empowered under applicable laws and by its organizational documents to enter into this Agreement and perform its duties under this Agreement;
 
(iii)
it has access to the necessary facilities, equipment, and personnel to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement;
 
(iv)
the Trust is an investment company registered or to-be registered under the Investment Company Act and will operate in conformance with the Investment Company Act and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder during the term of this Agreement;
 
(v)
a registration statement under the Securities Act is or will be effective and will remain effective, and appropriate state securities law filings as required, have been or will be made and will continue to be made, with respect to all Shares of the Fund(s) being offered for sale; and
 
(vi)
Each Fund’s Organizational Documents, Registration Statement and Prospectus are true and accurate and will remain true and accurate at all times during the term of this Agreement in conformance with applicable federal and state securities laws.
 
6.          
CONFIDENTIALITY
 
GFS and EMG agree that all books, records, information, and data pertaining to the business of the other party, the Trust and each Fund, which are exchanged or received pursuant to the negotiation or the carrying out of this Agreement shall remain confidential, and shall not be voluntarily disclosed to any other person, except that GFS may:
 
(a) 
prepare or assist in the preparation of periodic reports to shareholders and regulatory bodies such as the SEC;
 
 
7
 
 
(b)
provide information typically supplied in the investment company industry to companies that track or report price, performance or other information regarding investment companies; and
 
(c)
release such information as permitted or required by law or approved in writing by EMG or the Trust (as applicable), which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where GFS may be exposed to civil or criminal liability or proceedings for failure to release the information, when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities or when so requested by EMG, the Trust, or the Trust’s investment adviser (as applicable).
 
Except as provided above, in accordance with Title 17, Chapter II, part 248 of the Code of Federal Regulations (17 CFR 248.1 – 248.30) (“Reg S-P”), GFS will not directly, or indirectly through an affiliate, disclose any non-public personal information as defined in Reg S-P, received from EMG, the Trust or a Fund to any person that is not affiliated with such entity or with GFS and provided that any such information disclosed to an affiliate of GFS shall be under the same limitations on non-disclosure.
 
Both parties agree to communicate sensitive information via secured communication channels (i.e., encrypted format).
 
7.          
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
 
(a)
Proprietary Information of GFS. EMG acknowledges that the databases, computer programs, screen formats, report formats, interactive design techniques, and documentation manuals maintained by GFS on databases under the control and ownership of GFS or a third party constitute copyrighted, trade secret, or other proprietary information (collectively, “GFS Proprietary Information”) of substantial value to GFS or the third party. EMG agrees to treat all GFS Proprietary Information as proprietary to GFS and further agrees that it shall not divulge any GFS Proprietary Information to any person or organization except as may be provided under this Agreement or as may be directed by GFS or as may be duly requested by regulatory authorities.
 
(b)
Proprietary Information of the Trust. GFS acknowledges that all information related to shareholders purchasing or redeeming in-kind furnished to GFS by the Trust or by a shareholder in connection with this Agreement (collectively, “Customer Data”) all information regarding the Trust portfolios, arrangements with brokerage firms and Authorized Participants (as defined in the Funds’ Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information), compensation paid to or by the Trust, trading strategies and all such related information (collectively, “Trust Proprietary Information”) constitute proprietary information of substantial value to the Trust. In no event shall GFS Proprietary Information be deemed Trust Proprietary Information or Customer Data. GFS agrees to treat all Trust Proprietary Information and Customer Data as proprietary to the Trust and further agrees that it shall not divulge any Trust Proprietary Information or Customer Data to any person or organization except as may be provided under this Agreement or as may be directed by the Trust or as may be duly requested by regulatory authorities.
 
(d)
Each party shall take reasonable efforts to advise its employees of their obligations pursuant to this Section 7. The obligations of this Section 7 shall survive any earlier termination of this Agreement.
 
 
8
 
 
8.          
ADDITIONAL FUNDS AND CLASSES
 
In the event that the Trust establishes one or more series of Shares or one or more classes of Shares after the effectiveness of this Agreement, such series of Shares or classes of Shares, as the case may be, shall become classes (or funds) under this Agreement with necessary changes made to Appendix III; provided, however, that either GFS or EMG may elect not to make any such series or classes subject to this Agreement.
 
9.          
ASSIGNMENT AND SUBCONTRACTING
 
(a)
This Agreement shall extend to and shall be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that this Agreement shall not be assignable by either party without the prior written consent of the other party.
 
(b)
GFS may subcontract any or all of its responsibilities pursuant to this Agreement to one or more companies, trusts, firms, individuals or associations, which may or may not be affiliated persons of GFS and which agree to comply with the terms of this Agreement; provided, however, that any such subcontracting shall not relieve GFS of its responsibilities hereunder. GFS may pay such persons for their services, but no such payment will increase fees due from EMG hereunder.
 
10.          
TERM AND TERMINATION
 
(a)
Term. This Agreement shall remain in effect for a period of three (3) years from the Effective Date and shall continue in effect for successive twelve-month terms, provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by EMG and a majority of the Board.
 
(b)
Termination. This Agreement may be terminated with respect to the Trust and/or with respect to any Fund by the Board, by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, or by GFS at the end of the initial term or any subsequent renewal term upon not less than ninety (90) days’ advanced written notice; or upon written notice from either party of a material breach, provided that a party shall have a thirty (30) day cure period in which to remedy any claimed material breach. If the party attempting to cure any claimed material breach is unable to do so within the allotted thirty (30) day cure period, the parties agree to submit to arbitration in accordance with Section 12(g) of this Agreement. Additionally, GFS may terminate this Agreement with respect to a Fund at any time following the Board’s determination to liquidate such Fund by delivering written notice to the Board setting forth the date on which such termination is to be effective. In the event of any termination of this Agreement, GFS agrees that it will cooperate to facilitate the smooth transition of services to a replacement service provider, if one has been selected by the Board.
 
(c)
Reimbursement of Expenses Incurred by GFS in Effecting Any Termination. If this Agreement is terminated with respect to a Fund or Funds, GFS shall be entitled to collect from EMG, in addition to the compensation described under Section 3 of this Agreement, the amount of all of GFS’s reasonable labor charges and cash disbursements for services in connection with GFS’s activities in effecting such termination, including, without
 
 
9
 
 
limitation, the labor costs and expenses associated with the de-conversion of the Trust’s and/or any Fund’s records from GFS’s computer systems, and the delivery to the Trust and/or its designees of the Trust’s and/or any Fund’s property, records, instruments and documents, or any copies thereof. Subsequent to such termination, for a reasonable fee, GFS will provide the Trust and/or any Fund with reasonable access to all Trust and/or Fund documents or records (as applicable) remaining in its possession.
 
(d)Survival of Certain Obligations. The obligations of Sections 3, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 11 shall
 
survive any termination of this Agreement.
 
11. MISCELLANEOUS
 
(a)
Amendments. This Agreement may not be amended, or any provision hereof waived, except in writing signed by the party against which the enforcement of such amendment or waiver is sought.
 
(b)
Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with the laws of the state of New York.
 
(c)
Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto.
 
(d)
Counterparts. The parties may execute this Agreement on any number of counterparts, and all of the counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.
 
(e)
Severability. If any part, term or provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, in conflict with any law or otherwise invalid, the remaining portion or portions shall be considered severable and not be affected by such determination, and the rights and obligations of the parties shall be construed and enforced as if this Agreement did not contain the particular part, term or provision held to be illegal or invalid.
 
(f)
Force Majeure. Neither party shall be liable for failure to perform if the failure results from a cause beyond its control, including, without limitation, fire, electrical, mechanical, or equipment breakdowns, delays by third party vendors and/or communications carriers, civil disturbances or disorders, terrorist acts, strikes, acts of governmental authority or new governmental restrictions, or acts of God.
 
(g)
Arbitration. Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in New York according to the Securities Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, and judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.
 
This arbitration provision shall be enforced and interpreted exclusively in accordance with applicable federal law, including the Federal Arbitration Act. Any costs, fees, or taxes involved in enforcing the award shall be fully assessed against and paid by the party resisting enforcement of said award. The prevailing party shall also be entitled to an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in connection with the enforcement of this Agreement.
 
 
10
 
 
(h)
Headings. Section and paragraph headings in this Agreement are included for convenience only and are not to be used to construe or interpret this Agreement.
 
(i)
Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given (a) on the date of delivery if delivered personally, (b) on the fifth Business Day following the date of mailing, if mailed by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid to the party to receive such notice, (c) if dispatched via a nationally recognized overnight courier service (delivery receipt requested) with charges paid by the dispatching party, on the later of (i) the first Business Day following the date of dispatch, or (ii) the scheduled date of delivery by such service, or (d) on the date sent by electronic mail if sent during normal business hours of the recipient during a Business Day, and otherwise on the next Business Day, if sent after normal business hours of the recipient, provided that in the case of electronic mail, each notice or other communication shall be confirmed within one Business Day by dispatch of a copy of such notice pursuant to one of the other methods described herein, at the following addresses, or such other address as a party may designate from time to time by notice in accordance with this Section.
 
If to EMG:                                                             
If to GFS:
 
Samuel Masucci, III
Chief Executive Officer ETF Managers Group LLC 30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor Summit, NJ 07901
Telephone:908-897-0510 Email: sam@etfmg.com
Gemini Fund Services, LLC
Attn: Legal Department
17605 Wright Street, Suite 2
Omaha, NE 68130
legal@thegeminicompanies.com
 
 
(j)
Safekeeping. GFS shall establish and maintain facilities and procedures reasonably acceptable
 
to the Trust for the safekeeping and control of records maintained by GFS under this Agreement including the preparation and use of check forms, facsimile, email or other electronic signature imprinting devices.
 
(k)
Distinction of Funds. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the parties agree that the assets and liabilities of each Fund of the Trust are separate and distinct from the assets and liabilities of each other Fund and that no Fund shall be liable or shall be charged for any debt, obligation or liability of any other Fund, whether arising under this Agreement or otherwise.
 
(l)
Representation of Signatories. Each of the undersigned expressly warrants and represents that they have full power and authority to sign this Agreement on behalf of the party indicated and that their signature will bind the party indicated to the terms hereof.
 
Signature page follows
 
11
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed in their names and on their behalf by and through their duly authorized persons, as of the day and year first above written.
 
ETF MANAGERS GROUP LLC
 
 
GEMINI FUND SERVICES, LLC
 
By:
/s/ Samuel Masucci, III
 
By:
/s/ Kevin Wolf
 
Samuel Masucci, III
 
 
Kevin Wolf
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
President
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12
 
 
APPENDIX I
 
ETF Sub-Accounting Services
 
With respect to each Fund electing Sub-Accounting Services, GFS shall provide the following services subject to, and in compliance with, the objectives, policies and limitations set forth in the Trust’s Registration Statement, the Trust’s Organizational Documents, applicable laws and regulations, exemptive orders and resolutions and policies established by the Trust’s Board:
 
1) Timely calculate the net asset value per share with the frequency prescribed in each Fund's then-current Prospectus, transmit the Fund's net asset value to the Fund’s listing exchange and Authorized Participants by the times agreed upon by GFS and the Trust, and communicate such net asset value to the Trust and its transfer agent and/or index receipt agent;
 
2) 
Calculate each item of income, expense, deduction, credit, gain and loss, if any, as required by the Trust and in conformance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), SEC Regulation S-X (or any successor regulation) and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any successor laws)(the "Code");
 
3)
Prepare and maintain on behalf of each Fund, books and records of each Fund, as required by Rule 31a-1 under the Investment Company Act, and as such rule or any successor rule, may be amended from time to time, that are applicable to the fulfillment of GFS’s ETF Sub-Accounting Services, as well as any other documents necessary or advisable for compliance with applicable regulations as may be mutually agreed to between EMG and GFS. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, GFS will prepare and maintain the following records upon receipt of information in proper form from the Fund or its authorized agents:
 
a. Cash receipts journal
b. Cash disbursements journal
c. Dividend record
d. Purchase and sales - portfolio securities journals
e. Subscription and redemption journals
f. Security ledgers
g. Broker ledger
h. General ledger
i. Daily expense accruals
j. Daily income accruals
k. Securities and monies borrowed or loaned and collateral therefore
l. Foreign currency journals
m. Trial balances
 
4)
Make such adjustments over such periods as the Trust’s administrator or sub-administrator deems necessary, and communicates to GFS in writing, to reflect over-accruals or under-accruals of estimated expenses or income;
 
5)
Provide the Trust and, each investment adviser serving as an investment adviser for a Fund with daily portfolio valuation, net asset value calculation and other standard operational reports as requested from time to time;
 
 
 
 
6) 
Provide all raw data available from its fund accounting system for the Fund’s investment adviser, administrator or sub-administrator to assist in preparation of the following:
 
a. Semi-annual financial statements;
b. Annual form N-CEN and annual tax returns;
c. Financial data necessary to update the Trust’s Registration Statement; and
d. Annual proxy statement.
 
7)
Provide facilities to accommodate an annual audit by each Fund’s independent accountants and, upon approval of the Trust, any audits or examinations conducted by the SEC or any other governmental or quasi-governmental entities with jurisdiction;
 
8)
Transmit to and receive from each Fund's transfer agent and/or index receipt agent appropriate data on a daily basis and daily reconcile Shares outstanding and other data with the transfer agent;

9)
Periodically reconcile all appropriate data with each Fund's custodian;
 
10)
Perform such other record keeping, reporting and other tasks as may be specified from time to time in the procedures adopted by the Board pursuant to mutually acceptable timelines and compensation agreements; and
 
11)
Create each Fund’s daily portfolio composition file (“PCF”), transmitting the PCF to each Fund and its Adviser and assist the Fund and its Adviser with inputting the PCF into the NSCC system and facilitating any other communications required by the NSCC related to the PCFs.
 
Fund Accounting Records.
 
Maintenance of and Access to Records. GFS shall maintain records relating to its services, such as journals, ledger accounts and other records, as are required to be maintained under the Investment Company Act and, specifically, Rule 31a-1 thereunder. The books and records pertaining to the Trust that are in possession of GFS shall be the property of the Trust. The Trust, or the Trust's authorized representatives, shall have access to such books and records at all times during GFS’s normal business hours. Upon the reasonable request of the Trust, copies of any such books and records shall be provided promptly by GFS to the Trust or the Trust's authorized representatives. In the event the Trust designates a successor that assumes any of GFS’s obligations hereunder, GFS shall, at the expense and direction of the Trust, transfer to such successor all relevant books, records and other data established or maintained by GFS under this Agreement.
 
Inspection of Records. In case of any requests or demands for the inspection of the records of the Trust maintained by GFS, GFS will endeavor to notify the Trust and to secure instructions from an authorized officer of the Trust as to such inspection. GFS shall abide by the Trust's instructions for granting or denying the inspection; provided, however, that GFS may grant the inspection without instructions from the Trust if GFS is advised to disclose by its legal counsel.
 
All out-of-pocket expenses will be billed as set forth on Appendix III. GFS may from time to time adopt new procedures, or modify existing procedures, in order to carry out its ETF Sub-Accounting Services. Any modification of the ETF Sub-Accounting Services provided by GFS as set forth in this Appendix I shall be delivered to EMG in writing.
 
 
 
 
APPENDIX II
 
ETF Sub-Administrative Services
 
With respect to each Fund electing Fund Administrative Services, GFS shall provide the following services subject to, and in compliance with the objectives, policies and limitations set forth in the Trust’s Registration Statement, the Trust’s Organizational Documents, applicable laws and regulations, and resolutions and policies established by the Trust’s Board and directions of EMG:
 
1)
Monitor the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Trust by others, including its custodian, transfer agent, sub-transfer agent, fund accountant, fund sub-accountant, and dividend disbursing agent as well as legal, auditing, shareholder servicing and other services performed for the Trust;
 
2)
Monitor Fund holdings and operations for post-trade compliance with the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, SEC statutes, rules, regulations and policies and pursuant to advice from the Fund’s independent public accountants and Trust counsel, monitor Fund holdings for compliance with IRS taxation limitations and restrictions and applicable Federal Accounting Standards Board rules, statements and interpretations; provide periodic compliance reports to each investment adviser or sub-adviser to the Trust, and assist the Trust, the Adviser and each sub-adviser to the Trust (collectively referred to as “Advisers”) in preparation of periodic compliance reports to the Trust, as applicable;
 
3)
Prepare and coordinate the printing of semi-annual and annual financial statements;
 
4)
Prepare selected management reports for performance and compliance analyses agreed upon by the Trust and GFS from time to time;
 
5)
In consultation with legal counsel to the Trust, the investment adviser, officers of the Trust and other relevant parties, prepare and disseminate materials for meetings of the Board, including agendas and selected financial information as agreed upon by the Trust and GFS from time to time; attend and participate in Board meetings to the extent requested by the Board; and prepare or cause to be prepared minutes of the meetings of the Board;
 
6)
Determine income and capital gains available for distribution and calculate distributions required to meet regulatory, income, and excise tax requirements, to be reviewed by the Trust's independent public accountants;
 
7)
Review the Trust's federal, state, and local tax returns as prepared and signed by the Trust's independent public accountants;
 
8)
Prepare and maintain the Trust's operating expense budget to determine proper expense accruals to be charged to each Fund in order to calculate its daily net asset value;
 
9)
In consultation with legal counsel for the Trust, assist in and monitor the preparation, filing, printing and where applicable, dissemination to shareholders of the following:
 
a.
amendments to the Trust’s Registration Statement;
b.
periodic reports to the Trustees, shareholders and the SEC, including, but not limited to, annual reports and semi-annual reports;
 
 
 
 
c.
notices pursuant to Rule 24f-2 (as applicable);
d.
proxy materials; and
e.
reports to the SEC on Forms N-SAR, N-CEN, N-CSR, N-Q, N-PORT, N-23c-3 and N-PX (as applicable).
 
10)
Coordinate the Trust's audits and examinations by:
a.
assisting each Fund’s independent public accountants, or, upon approval of the Trust, any regulatory body or securities exchange, in any requested review of a Fund’s accounts and records;
b.
providing appropriate financial schedules (as requested by a Fund’s independent public accountants or SEC examiners); and
c.
providing office facilities as may be required.
 
11)
Determine, after consultation with legal counsel for the Trust and the Fund’s investment adviser, the jurisdictions in which Shares of the Trust shall be registered or qualified for sale; facilitate, register, or prepare applicable notice or other filings with respect to, the Shares with the various state and territories of the United States and other securities commissions, provided that all fees for the registration of Shares or for qualifying or continuing the qualification of the Trust shall be paid by the Trust;
 
12)
Monitor sales of Shares and ensure that the Shares are properly and duly registered with the SEC;
 
13)
Coordinate with the Funds’ service providers to facilitate the setup of Funds on applicable securities exchanges;
 
14)
Monitor sales of Shares and ensure that the Shares are properly and duly listed with the applicable securities exchanges and that securities exchange listing requirements are met;
 
15)
Process share creations and redemptions with the Funds’ transfer agent;
 
16)
Maintain create/redeem records to the extent they are not otherwise maintained by other Service Providers;
 
17)
Arrange for vendors to provide and post each Fund’s IOPV and other information required by exemptive orders;
 
18)
Monitor the calculation of performance data for dissemination to information services covering the investment company industry, for sales literature of the Trust and other appropriate purposes;
 
19)
Prepare, or cause to be prepared, expense and financial reports, including Fund budgets, expense reports, pro-forma financial statements, expense and profit/loss projections and fee waiver/expense reimbursement projections on a periodic basis;
 
20)
Prepare authorization for the payment of Trust expenses and pay, from Trust assets, all bills of the Trust;
 
21)
Provide information typically supplied in the investment company industry to companies that track or report price, performance or other information with respect to investment companies;
 
 
 
 
22)
Upon request, assist each Fund in the evaluation and selection of other service providers, such as independent public accountants, printers, EDGAR providers and proxy solicitors (such parties may be affiliates of GFS); and
 
23)
Perform other services, recordkeeping and assistance relating to the affairs of the Trust as the Trust may, from time to time, reasonably request pursuant to mutually acceptable timelines and compensation agreements.
 
All out-of-pocket expenses will be billed as set forth on Appendix III. GFS may from time to time adopt new procedures, or modify existing procedures, in order to carry out its ETF Sub-Administrative Services. Any modification of the ETF Sub-Administrative Services provided by GFS as set forth in this Appendix II shall be delivered to EMG in writing.
 
 
 
 
APPENDIX III
LIST OF FUNDS
SERVICES & FEES
 
This Appendix III is part of the ETF Sub-Services Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated February 1, 2019, between ETF Managers Group LLC (“EMG”) and Gemini Fund Services, LLC (“GFS”). Set forth below are the Services elected by EMG for the Fund(s) identified on this Appendix II along with the associated Fees. Capitalized terms used herein that are not otherwise defined shall have the same meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.
 
COVERED FUNDS
 
The Fund(s) to be covered under this Agreement include:
 
Fund(s)
ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF
 
Funds with the same investment adviser are collectively referred to as a “Fund Family.”
 
SELECTED SERVICES and FEES
 
In consideration of the services described on Appendices I and II (collectively the “Services”), EMG shall pay to GFS the following fees (unless otherwise specified, all basis point fees will be calculated based upon the average net assets of the Fund for the previous month):
   
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Appendix III to the ETF Sub-Services Agreement effective as of February 1, 2019.
 
 
ETF MANAGERS GROUP LLC
 
 
GEMINI FUND SERVICES, LLC
 
By:
/s/ Samuel Masucci, III
 
By:
/s/ Kevin Wolf
 
Samuel Masucci, III
 
 
Kevin Wolf
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
President
 
The undersigned investment adviser (the “Adviser”) hereby acknowledges and agrees to the terms of the Agreement and further acknowledges and agrees that:
 
(1) GFS expends substantial time and money, on an ongoing basis, to recruit and train its employees;
 
(2) GFS's business is highly competitive and is marketed throughout the United States, and (3) if the Adviser were to hire any GFS employees who are involved in the procurement of the Services under the Agreement then GFS may suffer lost sales and other opportunities and would incur substantial expense in hiring and training replacement(s) for those employees. Accordingly, the Adviser agrees that it, including its respective affiliates and subsidiaries, shall not solicit, attempt to induce or otherwise hire an employee of GFS for so long as this Agreement is in effect and for a period of two (2) years after termination of this Agreement, unless expressly agreed upon in writing by both parties. In the event that this provision is breached by the Adviser, the Adviser agrees to pay damages to GFS in the amount of two times the current annual salary of such employee or former employee. For purposes of this provision, “hire” means to employ as an employee or to engage as an independent contractor, whether on a full-time, part-time or temporary basis.
 
ETF Managers Group LLC
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor
Summit, NJ 07901
 
 
By:
/s/ Samuel Masucci, III
 
 
Samuel Masucci, III
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit (h)(11)
 
  
FIRST AMENDMENT TO FULLY PAID SECURITIES LENDING AGREEMENT
Wedbush Securities Inc., (”Wedbush”), and ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF, a series fund of the ETF Managers Trust (”ETFMG” or “you”) have entered into a Fully Paid Securities Lending Agreement, Dated on or about September 6, 2018 (as amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with its provisions) (the “Existing Agreement” a copy of which is attached). ETFMG together with Wedbush, are referred to as the “Parties”, and each, a “Party”.
 
WHEREAS, the Parties desire to amend the Existing Agreement to permit a portion of any Collateral to be invested in a certain qualified securities and/or FDIC Cash Sweep Program as agreed to between the Parties;
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
 
1.  Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not defined in this amendment (“Amendment”) have the respective meanings assigned to them in the Existing Agreement.
 
2.  Amendments to the Existing Agreement. As of October 10, 2019 (the “Effective Date”), the Existing Agreement is hereby amended or modified as follows:
 
    (a)   The section titled “Collateral” in the Existing Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the following words:
 
 “You agree that you will not remove the Collateral from your account, nor use it for any other purpose, including the purchase of other shares or investments, except in the case that Wedbush fails to return your loaned out shares upon termination of the loan
 
in the last paragraph of such section and substituting it the following:
 
“You agree that you will not remove the Collateral from your account, nor use it for any other purpose, including the purchase of other shares or investments, except: (i) in the case that Wedbush fails to return your loaned out shares upon termination of the loan; (ii) to sweep available cash into Wedbush’s FDIC Cash Sweep Program or (iii) for holding, or creating certain qualified securities as agreed to between the Parties and listed on Exhibit A, as amended from time to time (the “Permitted Securities”), provided that no more than 50% of the Collateral may be held in Permitted Securities. You understand and agree that Wedbush shall have no liability for any risk related to holding Collateral in the form of Permitted Securities including without limitation any fluctuation in the value of the Permitted Securities and that you solely bear any such risks. The value of the Permitted Securities will be monitored daily and adjusted up or down depending on the market value, as determined in accordance with daily mark to market. In the event that, upon the daily mark to market, the value of the Permitted Securities is less than the Cost Basis (as defined below), you hereby authorize Wedbush to transfer cash from your primary account to your fully paid lending account so that such transfer cures any such unrealized losses in the Collateral. In the event that, upon the daily mark to market, the value of the Permitted Securities is more than the Cost Basis, you hereby authorize Wedbush to transfer cash from your fully paid lending account to your primary account so that the value of the Collateral does not exceed the amount of the Cost Basis. “Cost Basis” means the value of the Permitted Securities on the date such Permitted Securities were purchased, created (in the case of Permitted Securities that are exchange traded funds), or placed into your account where other Collateral is held.”
 
 

 
 
 

(b) The last sentence of the section titled “Termination of Loan” in the Existing Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:
 
“You understand that, upon the loan being terminated and the shares being returned to your account, the corresponding Collateral will be removed from your account. Wedbush has absolute discretion whether to remove Collateral as cash and/or Permitted Securities or any combination thereof. In the event a portion of the Collateral is held as a Permitted Securities, Wedbush may in its sole discretion either liquidate such Permitted Securities and remove the proceeds from your account, or redeem the Permitted Securities for cash or in kind from your account.”
 
3.  Miscellaneous.
 
    (a) Except as expressly provided in this Amendment, all of the terms and provisions of the Existing Agreement are and will remain in full force and effect and are hereby ratified and confirmed by the Parties. On and after the Effective Date, each reference in the Existing Agreement to “this Agreement,” “the Agreement,” “hereunder,” “hereof,” “herein,” or words of like import, will mean and be a reference to the Existing Agreement as amended by this Amendment.
 
   (b)  This Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which is deemed an original, but all of which constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Amendment electronically shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart of this Amendment.
 
     (d) This Amendment and Exhibit A constitutes the sole and entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations, and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to such subject matter.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Amendment.
 
WEDBUSH SECURITIES INC.
 
ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF, a series fund
          of the ETF Managers Trust.
 
 
 
 
/s/ Rob Paset
/s/ Samuel Masucci III
Rob Paset, Executive Vice President
Samuel Masucci, III, President
 
ETF Managers Trust
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 2 of 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT A
FIRST AMENDMENT TO FULLY PAID SECURITIES LENDING AGREEMENT
PERMITTED SECURITIES
 
 
ETFMG Sit Ultra Short ETF – Ticker VALT
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WEDBUSH SECURITIES INC.
 
ETFMG Alternative Harvest Etf, a series fund
of the ETF Managers Trust.
 
 
 
 
/s/ Rob Paset
/s/ Samuel Masucci III
Rob Paset, Executive Vice President
Samuel Masucci, III, President
 
ETF Managers Trust
 
 
 
 
Date: October 10, 2019
Date: October 10, 2019
 
Page 3 of 3
 
 
  Exhibit J
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of ETF Managers Trust of our report dated November 27, 2019, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF (a series of ETF Managers Trust) included in the September 30, 2019 Annual Report of ETF Managers Trust on Form N-CSR.
 
We also consent to the references to our Firm under the captions “Fund Service Providers” and “Financial Highlights” in the Prospectus and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Statement of Additional Information, which are a part of such registration statement.
 
 
/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC
New York, NY
January 28, 2020
 
 
 
 
Exhibit (q)(3)

January 27, 2020
 
 
 
ETF Managers Trust
30 Maple Street, 2nd Floor
Summit, New Jersey 07901
 
 
I.
INTRODUCTION
 
ETF Managers Group LLC (the “Adviser”), investment adviser to the ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF (the “Fund”), a series of ETF Managers Trust (the “Trust”), has asked us whether the Fund and its shareholders will violate laws of the United States and corresponding state laws with respect to the Fund’s investments in Portfolio Companies, as defined below. Based upon our analysis, the applicable federal laws are the Controlled Substances Act and Money Laundering Control Act. As described more fully below, our opinion is that the Fund and its shareholders will not violate either federal law and, as a result, will similarly not violate any state marijuana laws with respect to the Fund’s investments in companies that participate in the cannabis industry. This opinion is being provided for inclusion with the Fund’s Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A (the “Registration Statement”). Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein and as of the date of this opinion, neither the Fund nor its shareholders’ investments in the Fund violate the federal Controlled Substances Act or the Money Laundering Control Act.
 
Our opinion herein is expressed solely with respect to the Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. § 801, et seq. (the “CSA”), and the Money Laundering Control Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (the “MCA”), and is based on these laws as in effect on the date hereof and not the law of any other jurisdiction. Our opinion expressed below is based upon the CSA and MCA and relies upon the law now in effect, and in all respects is subject to and may be limited by future legislation or case law. The opinion expressed herein represents our reasonable professional judgment as to the matters of law addressed herein, based upon the facts presented or assumed, and is not a guarantee that a court will reach any particular result.
 
In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such records, documents, certificates and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below. As to certain factual matters, we have relied upon certificates of the officers of the Adviser and have not sought to independently verify such matters. This opinion assumes that the Fund will invest in certain companies in accordance with the Fund’s publicly disclosed investment policies and strategies, as set forth in the Registration Statement.
 
For the purposes of this opinion, we relied on publicly available information, as of January 24, 2020, regarding the securities held by the Fund and the component securities of the Index (as defined below) (the “Portfolio Companies”).
 
 
 
1
 
 
We have examined certain publicly available information regarding the Portfolio Companies. First, we have examined the various business relationships/interests of the Portfolio Companies to determine if their businesses violate the CSA or MCA by assessing if they are engaged in the growth, cultivation and/or distribution of marijuana in the United States. In this regard, we have solely reviewed (i) each Portfolio Company’s latest annual or periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), SEDAR (which regulates companies listed on Canadian exchanges), or other financial regulatory authority to which the applicable company is subject, and (ii) information from the company’s website. Second, we examined whether any of the Portfolio Companies were subject to any actions/proceedings for violating the CSA and MCA solely by reviewing information publicly available through Bloomberg Law Docket. The following opinion solely relies upon the review of the information available in the public resources noted above in this paragraph. We have not reviewed the Portfolio Companies with respect to their compliance with the laws of any country except as noted above in this paragraph.
 
This opinion letter is limited to the matters stated herein, and no opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. This opinion letter is given as of the date hereof, and we expressly disclaim any obligation to update or supplement our opinion contained herein to reflect any facts or circumstances that may hereafter come to our attention or any changes in laws that may hereafter occur.
 
We express no opinion as to the law of any other jurisdiction that may be applicable to the subject matter hereof. We are not rendering any opinion as to compliance with any federal, state, or local law, rule or regulation relating to securities, or to the sale or issuance thereof.
 
II.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND FOR OPINION
 
A.
Description of the Fund and the Index
 
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek to provide investment results that, before fees and expenses, correspond generally to the total return performance of the Prime Alternative Harvest Index (the “Index”). To achieve this objective, the Fund generally invests in the securities comprising the Index in approximately the same proportions as their relative weights in the Index. The Fund only invests in securities (other than U.S. government securities, money market fund securities or other cash items) that are components of the Index.
 
The Index is developed and owned by Prime Indexes (the “Index Provider”), and the Index is calculated and maintained by Solactive AG. The Index Provider is independent of Solactive AG, the Fund, the Adviser, and the Fund’s distributor. The Index Provider has licensed the use of the Index to the Adviser.
 
The Index tracks the performance of the exchange listed common stock (or corresponding American Depositary Receipts or Global Depositary Receipts) of companies across the globe, including U.S. companies, that (i) are engaged in the legal cultivation of cannabis, including industrial hemp, or the legal production, marketing or distribution of cannabis, including industrial hemp and products for medical or non-medical purposes (“Cannabis Companies”); (ii) engage in the lawful creation, marketing or distribution of prescription drugs that utilize cannabinoids as an active ingredient (“Pharmaceutical Companies”); (iii) trade tobacco or produce tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars or electronic cigarettes; (iv) produce cigarette and cigar components, such as cigarette paper and filters; or (v) engage in the creation, production and distribution of fertilizers, plant foods, pesticides or growing equipment to be used in the cultivation of cannabis or tobacco. The components of the Index are selected by the Index Provider according to a rules-based methodology. The Index’s methodology includes the following rule to exclude companies that violate U.S. federal or state laws regarding the cultivation, distribution or possession of cannabis (the “drug laws”):
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
US companies (companies that are domiciled in the US and whose common stock is primarily listed on a US securities exchange) engaged, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, in marijuana or marijuana-related activities that are illegal under any United States federal or state laws are not eligible for inclusion for the Index. In addition, US companies, as well as foreign companies with business activities in the US, whose business activities are legal under state law, but not legal under United States federal law, are not eligible for inclusion in the Index.
 
The Index methodology requires the Index Provider to regularly review the activities of the component companies of the Index for compliance with the Index’s rules.
 
The Adviser has further represented to us that the following principles reflected in the Registration Statement, or otherwise represented to us by the Adviser, will be adhered to in selecting investments for the Fund:
 
The Index only includes companies that are engaged exclusively in legal activities under applicable national and local laws, including U.S. federal and state laws. Companies whose business activities are legal under state law, but not legal under federal law, will not be included in the Index.
 
The Index does not include any company that engages, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, in the cultivation, production or distribution of marijuana or products derived from marijuana for medical or non-medical purposes in a particular country, including the United States, unless and until such time as the cultivation, production or distribution of medical or non-medical marijuana, as applicable, becomes legal under all local and national laws governing the company in such country. Therefore, Portfolio Companies will not include any Cannabis Company that grows or distributes marijuana inside of the United States.
 
All Cannabis Companies possess all necessary permits and licenses under applicable law to legally grow marijuana.
 
Cannabis Companies only supply products for activities that are legal under applicable national and local laws, including U.S. federal and state laws. Portfolio Companies other than Cannabis Companies may, however, supply products to and perform activities in the United States for companies that grow, produce, distribute, or sell cannabis or products derived from cannabis in a manner that is legal under state and local law but not under U.S. federal law, so long as the provision of such products and services by the company is legal under applicable national and local laws.
 
All Pharmaceutical Companies have the necessary permits and licenses to engage in lawful medical research using cannabinoids to produce government approved drugs, or to otherwise produce, market or distribute such drugs.
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
Currently, Cannabis Companies and Pharmaceutical Companies do not include any company whose securities trade on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”).
 
In the event that the Index Provider in the future includes in the Index a Cannabis Company or Pharmaceutical Company listed on the CSE, the Index Provider will undertake efforts to confirm that such company is not engaged in the growth, cultivation and/or distribution of cannabis that is illegal under United States federal or respective state law.
 
If, after acquiring a Portfolio Company’s securities, the Adviser identifies or becomes aware that the company no longer meets the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the Index, the Fund will promptly sell that position, even outside of the regular Index rebalancing.
 
“Applicable national and local laws” refers to (i) controlled substance laws and regulations or (ii) food, drug, and cosmetics, or equivalent laws and regulations under whose jurisdiction the company is subject that govern the cultivation, production or distribution, for medical or non-medical purposes, of marijuana in a particular country. The Fund will not invest in a company that engages in the cultivation, production or distribution of marijuana in the U.S. unless and until such time as the cultivation, production or distribution of such marijuana or products become legal under U.S. federal law. As of the date of this opinion, Cannabis Companies may, consistent with the Index’s methodology, include companies that have a business interest in the hemp and hemp-based products markets within the United States.
 
B.
Detailed information on exchange traded securities utilized by the Fund
 
The securities of the Cannabis Companies and Pharmaceutical Companies in which the Fund currently invests are listed on exchanges that require compliance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to their business, including U.S. federal laws. The current exchanges identified by the Fund that meet these requirements are the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American (“NYSE American”), Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), TSX Exchange (“TSX”), TSX Venture Exchange (“TSX Venture”), and Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX” and, together with NYSE, NYSE American, Nasdaq, TSX and ASX, the “Identified Exchanges”). The CSE does not meet these requirements as it lists securities for companies that grow, produce, distribute, or sell cannabis or products derived from cannabis in a manner that is legal under U.S. state law but not under U.S. federal law.
 
The Adviser has represented to us that no Portfolio Company that is listed on an exchange other than one of the Identified Exchanges is a Cannabis Company or a Pharmaceutical Company. The Adviser has represented to us that, in the event that the Index Provider in the future determines to add to the Index a Cannabis Company or a Pharmaceutical Company listed on the CSE, the Index Provider will undertake efforts to confirm that such company is not engaged in the growth, cultivation and/or distribution of marijuana that is illegal under United States federal or respective state law.1
 
The NYSE, NYSE American, and Nasdaq are national securities exchanges that are registered with the SEC under Section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Before a company’s securities can trade on a U.S. exchange, the company must register that class of securities with the SEC under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.
 
 

1 The Adviser has informed us that the Index Provider may, in the future, determine to add to the Index a Cannabis Company or Pharmaceutical Company listed on an exchange other than those referenced in this opinion. The Adviser has undertaken to consult with us before any such company is incorporated into the Fund’s portfolio.
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
The TSX, TSX Venture and ASX require compliance with all U.S. federal laws. In addition, these exchanges have provided specific guidance related to the cannabis industry enforcing compliance with U.S. federal laws.
 
NYSE AND NYSE AMERICAN
 
The NYSE is a worldwide market that lists about 80% of U.S. securities. The NYSE acquired the American Stock Exchange in 2008 now known as NYSE MKT. The NYSE Exchanges (as defined below) are open to listing companies involved in the cannabis industry who are involved in biotech (e.g., 22nd Century Group: XXII; AbbVie: ABBV); investment in the industry outside of United States (e.g., Canopy Growth Corp.: CGC; Compass Diversified Holdings: CODI); the agricultural sector (e.g., Level Brands, Inc.: NYSE:LEVB; Scott’s Miracle Grow Co.: SMG); and the real estate sector (e.g., Industrial Properties, Inc.: IIPR). United States based companies that “touch the plant” (i.e., those that grow or distribute cannabis) are not eligible to list at this time. Canadian and other non-U.S. companies whose cannabis related activities are legal in their home jurisdiction are eligible to list if they meet the exchange’s listing requirements, such as number of shareholders, earnings and stock price. The NYSE governs listing requirements and continued listing requirements. Listing issuers must comply with its agreements with the NYSE and SEC requirements in all material respect.
 
Further, NYSE Regulation (“NYSER”) is responsible for monitoring activities on the NYSE’s equities, options, and bonds markets – i.e., the New York Stock Exchange LLC (equities and bonds), NYSE Arca, Inc. (equities and options), NYSE American LLC (equities and options) and NYSE National, Inc. (equities) (collectively, the “NYSE Exchanges”) – and for addressing non-compliance with the NYSE Exchanges’ rules and federal securities laws. NYSER enforces both the NYSE Exchanges’ and their members’ compliance with NYSE Exchange rules and applicable federal securities requirements. It also monitors and enforces listed companies’ compliance with applicable listing standards of the NYSE Exchanges. By performing these duties, NYSER supports the NYSE Exchanges’ efforts to promote just and equitable principles of trade, encourage free and open markets, and protect investors and the public interest. Many of these regulatory functions are performed directly by NYSER; others are performed by FINRA or other self-regulatory organizations pursuant to a regulatory services agreement, national market system plans, or other arrangements.
 
Nasdaq
 
The Nasdaq Stock Market requires the companies listing on its exchange to comply with U.S. federal laws. The following paragraph below is from its website under FAQ:
 
In determining whether to initially list a company or continue a company’s listing when it changes its business activities, Nasdaq does not make subjective or value judgements about the business the company operates. However, Nasdaq cannot initially list or continue the listing of a company whose current or planned activities are in violation of U.S. federal law or the law in a jurisdiction where the company operates. In assessing the legality of a company’s activity, Nasdaq largely relies on the risk factors and other disclosures made in the company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, although Nasdaq may also request additional information from the company where necessary.2
 
 

2 Available at https://listingcenter.nasdaq.com/Material_Search.aspx?cid=34&mcd=LQ (Identification No. 1474).
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
TSX
 
The TSX is the 12th largest exchange in the world by market capitalization. On October 16, 2017, the TSX issued Staff Notice 2017-0009 (the “Staff Notice”)3 regarding listed companies engaged in the marijuana business, whether directly or indirectly, in the United States. The Staff Notice states the general requirements that the business of applicants or listed issuers “will be conducted (i) with integrity and in the best interests of the issuer’s security holders and the investing public, and (ii) in compliance with the rules and regulations of TSX and all regulatory bodies having jurisdiction.” Due to the significant number of inquiries received regarding entities engaging in activities related to the cultivation, distribution or possession of marijuana in the U.S. (“Subject Entities”), TSX issued the Staff Notice to provide clarity regarding the application of the requirements to applicants and listed issuers in the marijuana sector. The Staff Notice notes that although a number of U.S. states have legalized the cultivation, distribution or possession of marijuana subject to various conditions, marijuana remains a Schedule I drug under the CSA. More specifically, the Staff Notice states that it is illegal under U.S. federal law to cultivate, distribute or possess marijuana, and that financial transactions involving proceeds generated by, or intended to promote, marijuana-related business activities in the U.S. may form the basis for prosecution under applicable U.S. federal money-laundering legislation.
 
According to the Staff Notice, companies listed on the TSX with ongoing business activities that violate U.S. federal law regarding marijuana do not comply with the requirements of the TSX. These business activities may include, among other things, (i) direct or indirect ownership of, or investment in Subject Entities, (ii) commercial interest or arrangements with Subject Entities that are similar in substance to ownership of, or investment in Subject Entities, (iii) providing services or products that are specifically designed for, or targeted at, Subject Entities, or (iv) commercial interests or arrangements with entities engaging in the business activities described in (iii).
 
The Staff Notice states as part of TSX’s standard continued listing review of listed issuers, TSX selects issuers for in depth reviews based on their continuous disclosure records. As required by the TSX manual, each listed issuer is required to disclose material information regarding its business and affairs. As part of its continued listing review of listed issuers in the marijuana sector, TSX contacted listed issuers at the end of 2017 for a more comprehensive review of their marijuana-related activities (if any) in the United States. If a listed company engages in activities that are contrary to TSX requirements, the TSX has the discretion to initiate delisting review of that company. In short, if a TSX-listed company grows or distributes marijuana in the United States, invests in another business that grows or distributes marijuana in the United States, or provides services or products for businesses that grow or distribute marijuana in the United States, the company faces the prospect of being delisted from the TSX.
 
 

3 See Staff Notice 2017-0009 dated On October 16, 2017 available at http://tmx.complinet.com/en/display/display_viewall.html?rbid=2072&element_id=467&print=1.
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
TSX Venture
 
TSX Venture exchange mostly contains small-cap Canadian stocks. TSX Venture provided a Notice to Issuers bulletin dated October 16, 2017 (the “Bulletin”)4 that specifically addressed business activities related to marijuana in the United States. The Bulletin clarified its requirements to list and to continue listing on its exchange. The Bulletin states the general requirements “that (i) the business of applicants or listed issuers will be conducted with integrity and in the best interests of the issuer’s security holders, and (ii) applicants or listed issuers will comply with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to their business or undertaking.” These requirements apply to all applicants and listed issuers. Due to the “significant number of inquiries received regarding entities engaging in activities related to the cultivation, distribution or possession of marijuana in the United States” (“Subject Entities”), TSX Venture issued the Bulletin to provide clarity regarding the application of the requirements to applicants and listed issuers in the marijuana sector. The Bulletin notes that although a number of U.S. states have legalized the cultivation, distribution, or possession of marijuana to various degrees and subject to various conditions, marijuana remains a Schedule I drug under the CSA and cannabis financial transactions under the MCA.
 
According to the Bulletin, companies listed on TSX Venture with ongoing business activities that violate United States federal law regarding marijuana do not comply with the requirements of TSX Venture. These business activities may include, among other things:
 
(i) direct or indirect ownership of, or investment in, Subject Entities; (ii) commercial interests or arrangements with Subject Entities that are similar in substance to ownership of, or investment in, Subject Entities; (iii) providing services or products that are specifically designed for, or targeted at, Subject Entities; or (iv) commercial interests or arrangements with entities engaging in the business activities described in (iii).
 
The Bulletin states that, as part of TSX Venture’s standard continued listing review of listed issuers, TSX Venture selects issuers for in depth reviews based on their continuous disclosure records. As required by the TSX Venture manual, each listed issuer is required to disclose material information regarding its business and affairs. As part of its continued listing review of listed issuers in the marijuana sector, TSX Venture contacted listed issuers at the end of 2017 for a more comprehensive review of their marijuana-related activities (if any) in the United States. If a listed company engages in activities that are contrary to TSX Venture’s requirements, TSX Venture has the discretion to initiate a delisting review of that company.
 
ASX
 
The ASX is the primary securities exchange of Australia. ASX requires the companies listing on its exchange to comply with U.S. federal and state laws. The following paragraph below is an excerpt from its website regarding compliance with its listing requirements with respect to cannabis-related business activity:
 
An applicant seeking to list a US medical cannabis business will need to satisfy ASX that its business can be lawfully carried on in the US (under both Federal and State law) before ASX will admit it to the official list. ASX will generally expect this to be confirmed in a legal opinion from a reputable US law firm and for the opinion to be included in the applicant’s listing prospectus or PDS.5
 

4 See Notice to Issuers bulletin dated October 16, 2017 available at https://www.tsx.com/listings/tsx-and-tsxv-issuer-resources/tsx-venture-exchange-issuer-resources/tsx-venture-exchange-corporate-finance-manual/tsxv-corporate-finance-bulletins. 
 
5 Available at https://www.asx.com.au/resources/newsletters/listed_at_asx/listed-at-asx-20171030_0917.html (dated October 30, 2017).
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
III.
LEGAL ANALYSIS
 
Beyond the limits of investing in companies listed on exchanges described above, we analyzed the potential criminal exposure to the Fund and its shareholders solely under the CSA and MCA in connection with the Fund’s investments in Portfolio Companies.6 The legal landscape in the cannabis industry is rapidly changing, and enforcement priorities for prosecutors, investigators, and regulators are difficult (if not impossible) to predict, may be influenced by political considerations (and thus a moving target), and may lack consistent application, all of which are beyond the scope of this opinion.
 
That said, based on our review of the case law and other authorities, we note the following:
 
Federal prosecutors have considerable discretion to pursue potential cannabis-related offenses under U.S. criminal laws. To date, the matters filed by prosecutors have been focused on growers, producers, and distributors within the United States that have violated federal law and/or the state and local laws where they are located.7
 
We have reviewed examples of U.S. exchange listed companies that have invested or are investing in Canadian cannabis companies and, to date, we have not found public records showing corresponding action by the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”).8 Indeed, in August 2018, Constellation Brands, Inc., a New York-based Fortune 500 company that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange, invested CAD$5 billion (US$4 billion) into Canopy Growth Corporation, a Canadian producer and exporter of cannabis. Canopy is listed on the TSX and, as of May 2018, it became listed on the NYSE.
 
We have reviewed the following other open-end investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) with principal investment strategies of investing in cannabis companies.
 
o
The AdvisorShares Pure Cannabis ETF, which is publicly traded on NYSE Arca, Inc., has as its principal investment strategy to invest, “under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities of companies that derive at least 50% of their net revenue from the marijuana and hemp business and in derivatives or other instruments that have economic characteristics similar to such securities.”9
 

6 For purposes of this opinion, we do not assess potential regulatory issues with the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCen”), or foreign authorities.
 
7 See, e.g., Superseding Indictment, U.S. v. Hoang, Case No. 3:17-cr-70, 2017 WL 9855203 (S.D. Iowa); Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Washington, D.C. Post Office Manager and Two Letter Carriers Found Guilty of Bribery and Conspiracy to Distribute Marijuana (Jul. 24, 2017), available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/washington-dc-post-office-manager-and-two-letter-carriers-found-guilty-bribery-and-conspiracy.
 
8 This does not mean that no action may be brought in the future or that no confidential investigation is proceeding in the status quo, it simply means that we have not found evidence of the same through publicly available resources that we reviewed as noted above.
 
9 AdvisorShares Pure Cannabis ETF’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, each dated November 1, 2019, are available on the SEC’s EDGAR database at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408970/000161577419013547/s120430_485bpos.htm.
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
o
The Amplify Seymour Cannabis ETF, which is publicly traded on NYSE Arca, Inc., has as its principal investment strategy to invest at least 80% of its net assets (including investment borrowings) in the securities of companies that derive 50% or more of their revenue from the cannabis and hemp ecosystem.10
 
o
The Cambria Cannabis ETF, which is publicly traded on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc., has as its principal investment strategy to invest, under normal market conditions, primarily in global equity securities that provide a broad exposure to the cannabis industry, which include companies that (i) engage in or support the legal production, cultivation, and/or sale of cannabis, including marijuana and hemp, such as certain agrobusiness, biotechnology, life sciences, pharmaceutical, retail, finance, and real estate companies, (ii) perform lawful research as to the medical and pharmaceutical applications of marijuana and cannabis extracts, including cannabinoids, or (iii) produce and develop devices, goods, and equipment related to the cannabis industry, including hemp and its legal derivatives.11
 
o
Global X Cannabis ETF, which is publicly traded on NASDAQ, has as its principal investment strategy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus borrowings for investments purposes (if any), in companies that derive at least 50% of their revenue, operating income, or assets from the cannabis industry.12
 
o
The Cannabis ETF, which is publicly traded on NYSE Arca, Inc., has as its principal investment strategy to invest at least 80% of its total assets in the component securities of companies that have a business interest in the legal cannabis-based pharmaceutical and consumer wellness & product markets.13
 
o
The American Growth Fund Series Two has as its principal investment strategy to invest in a “portfolio which is made up primarily of common stocks involved, in at least some way, in the legal cannabis business.”14
 

10 Amplify Seymour Cannabis ETF’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, each dated July 8, 2019, are available on the SEC’s EDGAR database at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1633061/000161577419010058/s119255_485bpos.htm.
 
11 Cambria Cannabis ETF’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, each dated July 25, 2019, are available on the SEC’s EDGAR database at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1529390/000161577419010335/s119394_497.htm.
 
12 Global X Cannabis ETF’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, each dated September 3, 2019, are available on the SEC’s EDGAR database at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1432353/000143235319000298/cannabis485b.htm.
 
13 The Cannabis ETF’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, each dated December 20, 2019, are available on the SEC’s EDGAR database at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1484018/000148401819000097/n1a12192.htm.
 
14 American Growth Fund Series Two’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, each dated November 30, 2019, are available on the SEC’s EDGAR database at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/5138/000000513819000027/series2n1a.htm.  
 
 
 
9
 
 
In addition, we have reviewed examples of other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act with investments in cannabis companies. For example, the Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund held, at the very least, each of the following Cannabis Companies as of December 31, 2019: Aphria, Inc., Aurora Cannabis Inc., Canopy Growth Corp and Cronos Group Inc.15
 
Notwithstanding the above, there could be a risk of criminal exposure for aiding and abetting liability under the CSA. The CSA generally proscribes the manufacture and/or production of controlled substances, such as cannabis. Liability for aiding and abetting such activities would be determined based on whether (i) the CSA applies to conduct occurring entirely in another country, such as Canada or Australia, and (ii) whether investment in the Portfolio Companies would constitute an underlying violation of law, particularly where (a) the Fund’s investment criteria proscribe investment in companies that manufacture and/or produce cannabis in the United States, (b) the proposed investments contemplate the purchase of securities on secondary markets in Canada and Australia, and (c) the Fund tracks an Index, the component securities of which are selected by an unaffiliated Index Provider in accordance with a rules-based methodology, which excludes companies that are engaged, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, in marijuana or marijuana-related activities that are illegal under applicable United States federal or state laws. We have not found case law or other guidance suggesting that an extension of enforcement of the CSA in the manner outlined above is warranted. Additionally, principles of criminal law would generally hold that persons are not criminally liable if they are unaware that their own actions contribute to criminal activity of others.
 
Our opinion focuses on the CSA and MCA, and based on the current status of state laws regarding marijuana, it is our view that the CSA and MCA are more stringent. Therefore, it is our opinion that, if the Fund complies with the CSA and MCA, the Fund will not be aiding and abetting a violation of these federal laws and will meet state law standards because the Fund will not be investing in companies engaged in the cultivation, distribution or possession of marijuana in the United States.
 
A. 
FEDERAL LAW
 
1. 
Executing Federal Laws
 
Congress gives federal agencies significant authority in executing federal laws, including the Drug Enforcement Agency (“DEA”), the law enforcement arm of the federal government primarily responsible for enforcing the CSA.16 Further, federal prosecutors have wide latitude in determining when, who, how and even whether to prosecute for alleged violations of federal criminal law.17 In the federal criminal legal system, “the decision whether or not to prosecute, and what charge to file or bring before a grand jury, generally rests entirely in [the prosecutor’s] discretion.”18 “This broad discretion ... is particularly ill-suited to judicial review.”19 That discretion extends to, for example, the decision to prosecute a matter, the selection of charges, whether to enter into a plea agreement, and participation in sentencing.20
 
 

15 A list of the Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund’s portfolio holdings as of a recent date is available at https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/overview/VDVIX/portfolio-holdings.
 
16 See 21 U.S.C §§ 822(a) and 812(c).
 
17 Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448 (1962).
 
18 Bordenkircher v. Hayes, 434 U.S. 357, 364 (1978).
 
19 Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598, 607 (1985).
 
20 See United States Justice Manual at § 9-27.110, available at https://www.justice.gov/jm/justice-manual.
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
With respect to business organizations, such as the Fund, the United States Justice Manual provides the following guidelines to prosecutors to promote the reasoned exercise of discretion:21
 
The nature and seriousness of the offense, including the risk of harm to the public, and applicable policies and priorities, if any, governing the prosecution of business organizations for particular categories of crime;
 
The pervasiveness of wrongdoing within the business organization, including the complicity in, or the condoning of, the wrongdoing by management;
 
The business organization’s history of similar misconduct, including prior criminal, civil, and regulatory enforcement actions against it;
 
The business organization’s identification of individuals responsible for the misconduct and production of misconduct information;
 
The existence, effectiveness, and enforcement of the business organization’s pre-existing compliance program;
 
The business organization’s timely and voluntary disclosure of wrongdoing;
 
The business organization’s remedial actions, including any efforts to implement an effective corporate compliance program or to improve an existing one, to replace responsible management, to discipline or terminate wrongdoers, to pay restitution, and to discipline wrongdoers;
 
Collateral consequences, including whether there is disproportionate harm to shareholders, pension holders, employees, and others not proven personally culpable, as well as impact on the public arising from the prosecution;
 
The adequacy of remedies such as civil or regulatory enforcement actions; and
 
The adequacy of the prosecution of individuals responsible for the business organization’s malfeasance.
 
2.  
DOJ Position on Enforcement of Federal Marijuana Laws
 
 

21 United States Justice Manual at §§ 9-28.300, 9-28.400, 9-28.500, 9-28.600, 9-28.700, 9-28.800, 9-28.900, 9-28.1000, 9-28.1100, 9-28.1200, and 9-28.1300, available at https://www.justice.gov/jm/justice-manual.
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
During the Obama administration, Deputy Attorney General David Ogden and Deputy Attorney General James Cole released several memoranda that addressed federal enforcement priorities regarding the CSA. These memoranda were intended to adapt the federal government’s position on marijuana as states legalized the drug for medical purposes.
 
Most notably, in 2013, Deputy Attorney General Cole released a memorandum22 (the “Cole Memo”) that reiterated the DOJ’s commitment to enforcing the CSA, but that directed law enforcement and prosecutors only to focus on conduct that implicated the following:
 
Preventing the distribution of marijuana to minors;
 
Preventing revenue from the sale of marijuana from going to criminal enterprises, gangs, and cartels;
 
Preventing the diversion of marijuana from states where it is legal under state law in some form to other states;
 
Preventing state-authorized marijuana activity from being used as a cover or pretext for the trafficking of other illegal drugs or other illegal activity;
 
Preventing violence and the use of firearms in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana;
 
Preventing drugged driving and the exacerbation of other adverse public health consequences associated with marijuana use;
 
Preventing the growing of marijuana on public lands and the attendant public safety and environmental dangers posed by marijuana production on public lands; and
 
Preventing marijuana possession or use on federal property.
 
The Cole Memo further conditioned this guidance on the existence of a state regulatory scheme that provides “robust controls and procedures [which are] effective in practice,” in which case “enforcement of state laws by state and local law enforcement and regulatory bodies should remain the primary means of addressing marijuana-related activity.” Taken together, the Cole Memo and other related memoranda provided that the federal government would give some leeway to states’ control over medical marijuana use and production for medical purposes. Importantly, though, the Cole Memo did not have the force of law and could not be used as a defense in a federal criminal proceeding, but rather it only reflected a policy subject to change at any time.
 
In January 2018, Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a new memorandum (the “Sessions Memo”) repealing the policy statements in the Cole Memo: “Given the Department’s well-established general principles, previous nationwide guidance specific to marijuana enforcement is unnecessary and is rescinded, effective immediately.”23 The Sessions Memo reinforces the inherent prosecutorial discretion to pursue penalties for marijuana cultivation, distribution, and possession under the CSA and MCA for financial transactions.24
 
 

22 Memorandum from James Cole, U.S. Deputy Attorney General, on Guidance Regarding Marijuana Enforcement (Aug. 29, 2013) available at https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf.
 
23 Memorandum from Jeffrey Sessions, U.S. Attorney General, on Marijuana Enforcement, (Jan. 4, 2018) available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1022196/download.
 
24 On November 7, 2018, Jeff Sessions resigned from his post as Attorney General. While the Sessions Memo still remains in effect, its status may change, along with enforcement priorities, under newly confirmed Attorney General William Barr. However, during his confirmation process, Attorney General Barr stated in a written response to Congress as follows: “As discussed at my hearing, I do not intend to go after parties who have complied with state law in reliance on the Cole Memorandum.” See https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/1/28/18200982/marijuana-legalization-trump-jeff-sessions-william-barr. Separate and apart from these pronouncements, Congress has withheld funding to the DOJ (pursuant to the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer Amendment to federal spending bills) to prosecute state-compliant business in the medical marijuana space since 2014.
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
The Sessions Memo provides that the federal government may pursue action against violations of federal law related to marijuana. To the extent that they have done so, it appears that federal prosecutors have focused on growers and producers within the states, rather than investors.25
 
Moreover, there are multiple U.S. exchange listed companies that either are investing in Canadian cannabis companies, or are Canadian cannabis companies themselves, such as Tilray Inc., a cannabis research, cultivation, processing, and distribution firm traded on Nasdaq. Similarly, we have not identified any public reports concerning any DOJ action with respect to Constellation Brands, Inc., a New York-based Fortune 500 company that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Constellation invested CAD$5 billion (US$4 billion) into Canopy Growth Corporation, a Canadian producer and exporter of cannabis.26 Canopy is listed on the TSX and, as of May 2018, it became listed on the NYSE.
 
Further, the SEC appears to have scrutinized the registration statements and other disclosure documents made by Cannabis Companies. For instance, the SEC requested changes to Tilray’s public disclosure documents, including increased disclosures regarding the company’s capital structure and risks associated with operating in the cannabis industry, such as compliance with U.S. laws and potential market volatility.27
 
Finally, we have found nothing in the publicly available resources noted above that suggests that any of the Portfolio Companies are engaged in any marijuana touching business in the United States without the proper licenses and permissions. Moreover, we have found no publicly reported civil, criminal or regulatory proceedings against any of the Portfolio Companies for a violation of the CSA and/or MCA. This opinion is only based upon and limited to that publicly available information available from the SEC, SEDAR, other applicable financial regulatory authorities, information from the companies’ websites and Bloomberg Law Docket.
 
Based on the foregoing and the Fund’s representation that it will only invest in certain exchange traded securities compliant with U.S. federal law, we believe that neither the Fund nor its investments in the Portfolio Companies would violate the CSA or be subject to DOJ marijuana enforcement.
 

25 See, e.g., Superseding Indictment, U.S. v. Hoang, Case No. 3:17-cr-70, 2017 WL 9855203 (S.D. Iowa) (criminal charges filed against growers, not investors, related to marijuana production and/or distribution within the states).
 
26 Constellation Brands Investment in Canopy Growth: Expanding Our Strategic Partnership, (Aug. 2018), available at https://www.canopygrowth.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2018.08.15-Investor-Deck.pdf.
 
27 See Letter from Sec. & Exch, Comm’n to Brendan Kennedy, President and CEO of Tilray, Inc. (Apr. 17, 2018), available at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1731348/000000000018011638/filename1.pdf; see also Securities and Exchange Commission, Investor Alert: Marijuana Investments and Fraud (Sep. 9, 2018), available at https://www.investor.gov/additional-resources/news-alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-alert-marijuana-investments-fraud (the SEC appears to be concerned with ensuring that investors are aware of market volatility and concerns about potentially fraudulent disclosures).
 
 
 
13
 
 
 
 
B.   
THE CSA
 
Under Section 841(a) of the CSA, it is unlawful for a person to knowingly or intentionally “manufacture, distribute, or dispense, or possess with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, a controlled substance . . . .”28 The statute defines “manufacture” as the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, or processing of a drug or other substance, either directly or indirectly or by extraction, and includes any packaging or repackaging of such substance, except as complying with applicable state law.29 In addition, Section 846 of the CSA prohibits conspiring to commit substantive offenses under the Act, and provides that any individual who attempts or conspires to commit a violation of the CSA will be subject to the same penalties as the underlying offense.30
 
Based purely on the plain language of the Fund’s Registration Statement and our analysis of the businesses of the Portfolio Companies, as derived from the publicly available resources noted above, none of these businesses appear to be involved in the growth, manufacture, processing or sale of cannabis in the United States. According to the Fund’s Registration Statement, the Fund is also not preparing or otherwise seeking to distribute the marijuana itself in the United States. Instead, the Registration Statement reflects that the proposed investment activity would only include purchasing securities—on the secondary market on an exchange that, with respect to Cannabis Companies and Pharmaceutical Companies, requires compliance with national and local laws, including U.S. federal law—of companies that are legally operating or supporting the cannabis industry.
 
Based on the foregoing, it is our opinion that the Fund would not have direct liability under Section 841(a) or Section 846 of the CSA because it will not be investing in any business that is in the business of growing, manufacturing, processing or selling marijuana in the United States.
 
C.               
COMPLYING WITH FEDERAL MONEY LAUNDERING LAWS
 
In addition to complying with the CSA, the Fund must also comply with federal money laundering laws. Section 1956 of the MCA provides in pertinent part:
 
[W]hoever, knowing that the property involved in a financial transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, conducts or attempts to conduct such a financial transaction which in fact involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity – with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity. . .31
 
The MCA further provides:
 
Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport, transmit, or transfer a monetary instrument or funds from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the United States or to a place in the United States from or through a place outside the United States – with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity. . .32
 
 

28 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1).
 
29 21 U.S.C. § 802(15).
 
30 21 U.S.C. § 846.
 
31 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1)-(A)(i).
 
32 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (a)(2)-(A).
 
 
 
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Many exchanges do not have listing requirements that include compliance with U.S. federal laws. The CSE began operations in 2003 to provide a modern and efficient alternative for companies looking to access the Canadian public capital markets. The CSE listing requirements are less strict and many U.S. marijuana companies that comply with their respective state laws have used this platform to gain public access. By way of example, MedMen Enterprises (“MedMen”) is publicly traded on the CSE and is a U.S.-based marijuana company that owns and operates 19 licensed cannabis facilities (including cultivation, manufacturing and retail) in California, Nevada, New York, Arizona, and Florida. According to the Fund’s Registration Statement and representations made to us by the Adviser, the Fund does not currently invest in companies listed on the CSE. Moreover, the securities of the Cannabis Companies and the Pharmaceutical Companies, which are the only categories of plant touching Portfolio Companies, (i) will be traded on one or more of the Identified Exchanges, or (ii) if listed on the CSE, will be included in the Index only after the Index Provider has undertaken efforts to confirm that such company is not engaged in the growth, cultivation and/or distribution of marijuana that is illegal under United States federal or respective state law. The Fund will not invest in a company that engages in the cultivation, production or distribution of marijuana in the U.S. unless and until such time as the cultivation, production or distribution of such marijuana or products become legal under U.S. federal law.
 
Based on the foregoing, in our opinion the Fund’s investment activity should not constitute an offense under Section 1961(1) (i.e., obtaining proceeds from unlawful activities) because (i) the Fund’s current investments in Cannabis Companies and Pharmaceutical Companies are limited to companies that are listed on exchanges that require compliance with U.S. federal laws in addition to the laws of their respective jurisdictions, and (ii) if the Index Provider determines to include in the Index any Cannabis Company or Pharmaceutical Company that is listed on the CSE, the Index Provider will undertake efforts to confirm that any such company is not engaged in the growth, cultivation and/or distribution of marijuana that is illegal under United States federal or respective state law.
   
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Fund’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, including any amendments and supplements thereto. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act, or the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder.
 
 
 
Very truly yours,
 
/s/ Sullivan & Worcester LLP
 
Sullivan & Worcester LLP
EDS
 
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