As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 9, 2021
 
Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
________________________
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
________________________
 
MINIM, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________
 
 
 
 
Delaware
3661
04-2621506
(State or other jurisdictionof incorporation or organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)
(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification Number)
 
848 Elm Street
Manchester, New Hampshire, 03101
(833) 966-4646
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
________________________
Sean Doherty
Chief Financial Officer
Minim, Inc.
848 Elm Street
Manchester, New Hampshire, 03101
(833) 966-4646
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
________________________
Copies to:
Richard F. Langan, Jr., Esq.
Nixon Peabody LLP
55 West 46th Street
New York, NY 10036-4120
(212) 940-3000
________________________
 
As soon as practicable following the effective date of this registration statement.
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)
 
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☐
 
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
 
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
 
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ☐
 
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒
 
Smaller reporting company ☒
 
 
Emerging growth company ☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
 

 
 
 
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
 
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered
 
Amount to be
Registered(1)
 
 
Proposed Maximum
Offering Price Per Unit(2)
 
 
Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price
 
 
Amount of
Registration Fee
 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
  10,743,223 
 $2.97 
 $31,907,372 
 $3,481 
 
(1)
This Registration Statement covers the resale by the Registrant’s selling stockholders of 10,743,223 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”). Pursuant to Rule 416(a) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this Registration Statement shall also cover any additional shares of Common Stock that become issuable by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without receipt of consideration that increases the number of the Registrant’s outstanding shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to Rule 429 under the Securities Act and as further described below under the heading “Statement Pursuant to Rule 429(b),” the prospectus contained in this Registration Statement also covers 12,801,061 shares of Common Stock previously registered under the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Registrant on June 11, 2020 (File No. 333-239122), which was declared effective on June 22, 2020 and the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Registrant on June 7, 2019 (File No. 333-232027), which was declared effective on July 14, 2019 (collectively, the “Prior Registration Statements”). These shares have not yet been sold by the selling stockholders described in the Prior Registration Statement and are included in the prospectus contained in this Registration Statement.
 
 
(2)
Estimated solely for purpose of calculating the registration fee according to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act on the basis of the average of the bid and asked prices for a share of the Registrant’s Common Stock reported on the OTCQB on June 7, 2021.
 
 
 
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
 
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO RULE 429(b)
 
Pursuant to Rule 429 under the Securities Act, the prospectus contained in this Registration Statement relates to 23,544,284 shares of Common Stock of the Registrant, consisting of (i) the 10,743,223 shares of Common Stock registered hereby and (ii) certain shares of Common Stock that remain unsold and were previously registered by the Registrant pursuant to the Prior Registration Statements. As such, this Registration Statement shall constitute a post-effective amendment to the Prior Registration Statements.
 

 
 
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
 
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JUNE 9, 2021
 
PROSPECTUS
 
23,544,284 Shares of Common Stock
of
Minim, Inc.
________________________
 
This prospectus relates to the possible resale, from time to time, by the holders of 23,544,284 shares of Common Stock of Minim, Inc., formerly known as Zoom Telephonics, Inc. These holders are named in this prospectus and are referred to herein as the “selling stockholders”.
 
We are not selling any shares of our Common Stock in this offering and, as a result, we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Common Stock covered by this prospectus. All of the net proceeds from the sale of our Common Stock will go to the selling stockholders.
 
The selling stockholders may sell Common Stock from time to time at prices established on the OTC Markets Group’s OTCQB, or as negotiated in private transactions, or as otherwise described under the heading “Plan of Distribution.” The Common Stock may be sold directly or through agents or broker-dealers acting as agents on behalf of the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders may engage brokers, dealers or agents who may receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders. We will pay all the expenses incident to the registration of the shares; however, we will not pay for sales commissions or other expenses applicable to the sale of our Common Stock registered hereunder.
 
Our Common Stock trades on the OTCQB under the symbol “MINM” (formerly traded under the symbol “ZMTP” until December 8, 2020). The last reported sales price of our shares of Common Stock on June 7, 2021 was $2.99 per share.
 
Our principal executive office is located at 848 Elm Street, Manchester, New Hampshire, 03101. Our telephone number at that address is (833) 966-4646. Our website is located at https://www.minim.co.
 
INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES SIGNIFICANT RISKS. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISK FACTORS BEGINNING ON PAGE 4 OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
 
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
 
OUR SECURITIES ARE NOT BEING OFFERED IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER IS NOT PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LOCAL LAWS.
 
The date of this prospectus is June 9, 2021.
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
i
ii
iii
iv
1
3
3
3
5
6
6
6
 

 
 
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
 
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We have not provided, and we have not authorized anyone else to provide you with, different or additional information. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this prospectus regardless of its time of delivery, and you should not consider any information in this prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference herein to be investment, legal or tax advice. We encourage you to consult your own counsel, accountant and other advisors for legal, tax, business, financial and related advice regarding an investment in our securities.
 
This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any of our securities other than the securities covered hereby, nor does this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about, and to observe, any restrictions as to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable to those jurisdictions.
 
We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.
 
As used in this prospectus, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Minim” and the “Company” mean Minim, Inc., formerly known as Zoom Telephonics, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Zoom Connectivity, Inc., formerly known as Minim Inc., and MTRLC LLC, unless stated otherwise or the context requires otherwise.
 

i
 
 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
 
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) a Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with respect to the shares of Common Stock being offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the Registration Statement and its exhibits. For further information with respect to us and the Common Stock offered by the selling stockholders, we refer you to the Registration Statement and its exhibits. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this reference.
 
We are subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and, in accordance therewith, file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These documents may be accessed for free through the SEC’s electronic data gathering, analysis and retrieval system, or EDGAR, via electronic means, including the SEC’s home page on the Internet (www.sec.gov).
 
We post on our public website (www.minim.co) our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our website and the information contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus.
 
 
 
 
ii
 
 
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
 
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information and reports we file with it under File No. 001-37649, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those publicly available documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information disclosed in documents that we file later with the SEC will automatically add to, update and change information previously disclosed. If there is additional information in a later filed document or a conflict or inconsistency between information in this prospectus or a prospectus supplement and information incorporated by reference from a later filed document, you should rely on the information in the later dated document.
 
We are incorporating by reference the documents listed below, which we have already filed with the SEC, and all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and before the termination of this offering (other than, in each case, information furnished rather than filed):
 
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on April 13, 2021, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2021;
Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on May 17, 2021;
Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 8, 2021, March 15, 2021, April 15, 2021, April 27, 2021 and June 4, 2021, and our amended Current Reports on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on February 17, 2021 and May 3, 2021 (in each case, except for information contained therein which is furnished rather than filed); and
The unaudited pro forma financial information filed as Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on February 17, 2021.
 
All documents subsequently filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the termination of the offering contemplated by this prospectus, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
 
Upon request, we will provide, without charge, to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered a copy of the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You may request a copy of these filings, and any exhibits we have specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this prospectus, at no cost by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
 
Minim, Inc.
848 Elm Street
Manchester, New Hampshire, 03101
Telephone: (833) 966-4646
 
In addition, our website address is https://www.minim.co and such reports are available under “SEC Filings” on our Investor Relations website located at https://ir.minim.co. Except for the specific incorporated reports and documents listed above, no information available on or through our website shall be deemed to be incorporated into this prospectus or the Registration Statement of which it forms a part.
 
 
iii
 
 
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Various statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal and state securities laws. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than statements of historical fact. We attempt to identify these forward-looking statements by words such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "might," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "target," "goal," "predict," "intend," "potential," "continue," "seek" and other comparable words. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, goals, prospects, opportunities, outlook, objectives, plans or intentions are also forward-looking statements. These statements may relate to, but are not limited to, expectations of future operating results or financial performance, macroeconomic trends that we expect may influence our business, plans for financing or capital expenditures, expectations regarding liquidity and compliance with financing covenants, expectations regarding the introduction of new products, effects of restructuring actions and changes in our management team, regulatory compliance and expected changes in the regulatory landscape affecting our business, internal control improvements, expected impact of litigation and regulatory proceedings, plans for growth and future operations, and effects of acquisitions, divestitures and partnerships, as well as assumptions relating to the foregoing.
 
Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions regarding future events and business performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual events or results to be materially different from any future events or results expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include those set forth in the following discussion and elsewhere within this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein, as well as factors that cannot be predicted or quantified.
 
We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control and that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this prospectus. You should carefully review the risk factors described under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, any subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any subsequently filed Current Reports on Form 8-K (other than, in each case, information furnished rather than filed), all of which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and any risk factors included in any applicable prospectus supplement. Except as required by applicable law, including the rules and regulations of the SEC, we undertake no obligation, and expressly disclaim any duty, to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date of this prospectus, our statements are not guarantees of future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements, and actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of our statements.
 
 

iv
 
 
 
 
 
 
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
 
The following summary provides an overview of certain information about Minim, Inc, formerly known as Zoom Telephonics, Inc., which we refer to, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, in this prospectus as the “Company” or “Minim,” which is the name under which we do business, and this offering and may not contain all the information that is important to you. This summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read together with, the information contained in other parts of this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference. You should carefully review this entire prospectus, including the matters discussed in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4, and our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q before making a decision about whether to invest in our securities.
 
Our Company
 
Minim delivers innovative Internet access products that reliably and securely connect homes and offices around the world. We are the exclusive global license holder to the Motorola brand for home networking hardware. The Company designs and manufactures products including cable modems, cable modem/routers, mobile broadband modems, wireless routers, Multimedia over Coax (“MoCA”) adapters and mesh home networking devices. Our AI-driven cloud software platform and applications make network management and security simple for home and business users, as well as the service providers that assist them— leading to higher customer satisfaction and decreased support burden.
 
We sell our products through a direct sales force, independent sales agents, distributors, and reseller partners. Our growth strategy centers on four key pillars: distributing high-margin software on hardware products as a profit driver; employing customer-driven product design and planning; expanding our global sales reach with ISPs and retailers; and mitigating costs and risks through supply chain resiliency. We believe our competitive edge in the market is forged by our software-driven approach to hardware product delivery, radical customer centricity, and commitment to win-win relationships with our reseller and partner base.
 
We are experienced in electronics hardware, firmware, and software design and testing, regulatory certifications, product documentation, and packaging; and we use that experience in developing each product in-house or in partnership with suppliers who are typically based in Asia. Electronic assembly and testing of the Company’s products in accordance with our specifications is typically done in Asia.
 
We continually seek to improve our product designs and manufacturing approach to elevate product performance and reduce our costs. We pursue a strategy of outsourcing rather than internally developing our hardware product chipsets, which are application-specific integrated circuits that form the technology base for our modems. By outsourcing the chipset technology, we are able to concentrate our research and development resources on modem system design, leverage the extensive research and development capabilities of our chipset suppliers, and reduce our development time and associated costs and risks. As a result of this approach, we are able to quickly develop new products while maintaining a relatively low level of research and development expense as a percentage of net sales. We also outsource aspects of our manufacturing to contract manufacturers as a means of reducing our costs of production, and to provide us with greater flexibility in our production capacity.
 
Generally, our gross margin for a given product depends on a number of factors, including the type of customer to whom we are selling. The gross margin products sold to retailers tends to be higher than for some of our other customers; but the sales, support, returns, and overhead costs associated with products sold to retailers also tend to be higher. The Company’s sales to certain countries are currently handled by a single master distributor for each country that handles the support and marketing costs within the country. Gross margin for sales to these master distributors tends to be low, since lower pricing to these distributors helps them to cover the support and marketing costs for their country.
 
Corporate Information
 
We are incorporated in Delaware under the name Minim, Inc., formerly known as Zoom Telephonics, Inc., while maintaining the ZOOM trademark for products.  The Company was originally incorporated in New York in 1977 and changed its state of incorporation to Delaware in 1993. Our principal executive offices are located at 848 Elm Street, Manchester, NH 03101, and our telephone number is (833) 966-4646. Our main website is https://www.minim.co. Information contained on our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.
 
Our shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), are traded on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol “MINM” (formerly traded under the symbol “ZMTP” until December 8, 2020).
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
SUMMARY OF THE OFFERING
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock offered by selling stockholders
 
23,544,284 shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Terms of the offering
 
The selling stockholders will determine when and how they will sell the Common Stock offered in this prospectus.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock outstanding*
 
35,498,514 shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Use of proceeds
 
We are not selling any of the shares of Common Stock covered by this prospectus, and as a result will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock pursuant to this prospectus.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTCQB Symbol
 
MINM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk Factors
 
See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 and the other information in this prospectus, together with the information contained under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on April 13, 2021, any subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any subsequently filed Current Reports on Form 8-K (other than, in each case, information furnished rather than filed), all of which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as well as other cautionary statements throughout or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
 
 
 
 
 
* Does not include shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans.
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
 
 
RISK FACTORS
 
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before you invest in our securities you should carefully consider those risk factors described under, but not limited to, the heading "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, any subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any subsequently filed Current Reports on Form 8-K (other than the portions of those documents not deemed to be filed), which are incorporated by reference herein, and those risk factors that may be included in any applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents we incorporate by reference. All of these risk factors are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the materialization of any of these risks. The trading price of our securities could decline due to the materialization of any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. This prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference also contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described herein and in the documents incorporated herein by reference.
 
USE OF PROCEEDS
 
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Stock by the selling stockholders. All of the net proceeds from the resale of our Common Stock will go to the selling stockholders as described below in the sections entitled “Selling Stockholders” and “Plan of Distribution.” We have agreed to bear the expenses relating to the registration of the Common Stock for the selling stockholders.
 
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
 
The Common Stock being offered for resale by the selling stockholders consists of 23,544,284 shares of Common Stock, which includes, among other shares of Common Stock, (i) 10,743,223 shares that were acquired by certain selling stockholders in the acquisition by merger of Zoom Connectivity, Inc., formerly known as Minim Inc., that closed on December 4, 2020, (ii) certain shares that remain unsold that were originally acquired by certain selling stockholders in the private placement of our Common Stock that closed on May 27, 2020, and (iii) certain shares that remain unsold that were originally acquired by certain selling stockholders in the private placement of our Common Stock that closed on May 3, 2019. The following table sets forth the name of each selling stockholder, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by each of the selling stockholders as of June 4, 2021 and the number of shares of Common Stock being offered by the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders may offer all or part of the shares for resale from time to time. However, the selling stockholders are under no obligation to sell all or any portion of such shares nor are the selling stockholders obligated to sell any shares immediately upon effectiveness of this prospectus. All information with respect to share ownership has been furnished by the selling stockholders.
 
 
3
 
 
Name of Selling Stockholder(1)
 
 
Total Shares
Beneficially
Owned Before
Offering
 
 
 
Maximum
Number of
Shares Being
Offered
 
 
 
Total Shares
Beneficially
Owned After
Offering(2)
 
 
 
Percent of
Total Shares
Outstanding
After
Offering(2)
 
Jeremy Hitchcock(3)(4)
  17,819,534 
  17,081,521 
  738,013 
  2.1%
Elizabeth Hitchcock(3)(4)
  17,819,534 
  17,081,521 
  738,013 
  2.1%
Hitchcock Capital Partners, LLC(3)
  15,696,184 
  15,696,184 
   
   
Zulu Holdings LLC(3)
  12,379,252 
  12,379,252 
   
   
Flybridge Capital Partners IV LP
  1,537,118 
  1,537,118 
   
   
Flybridge Network Fund IV LP
  53,871 
  53,871 
   
   
Founder Collective III LP
  1,049,253 
  1,049,253 
   
   
Founder Collective Partners III LP
  170,807 
  170,807 
   
   
Palm Global Small Cap Master Fund LP(5)
  1,206,640 
  958,732 
  247,908 
  * 
Graham Chynoweth(6)
  990,726 
  967,795 
  22,931 
  * 
Alec Rooney(7)
  368,526 
  303,843 
  64,683 
  * 
Nicole Zheng(8)
  275,858 
  215,187 
  60,671 
  * 
Klingenstein Fields Venture Fund LP
  229,188 
  229,188 
   
   
Joseph L. Wytanis
  150,910 
  90,910 
  60,000 
  * 
Phil Stanhope
  150,000 
  50,000 
  100,000 
  * 
Universal Telecommunications Inc.
  114,594 
  114,594 
   
   
Bryan Ollila
  124,164 
  124,164 
   
   
Brian Kline
  96,308 
  96,308 
   
   
Jason Calacanis
  94,849 
  94,849 
   
   
Company Venture Capital Fund I LP
  45,837 
  45,837 
   
   
The Janower Irrevocable Trust Of 2009 Dated October 19, 2009
  45,837 
  45,837 
   
   
Sarah Haines
  45,837 
  45,837 
   
   
Zach Mattor
  45,438 
  45,438 
   
   
Denis Bakin
  36,350 
  36,350 
   
   
Paul Blumenfeld
  33,070 
  33,070 
   
   
Deogratis Mwano
  32,042 
  32,042 
   
   
Ulysses Diversified Holdings LLC
  23,712 
  23,712 
   
   
Peter Fry
  24,233 
  24,233 
   
   
Sean M. Dalton
  22,918 
  22,918 
   
   
Naveen Selvadurai
  17,414 
  17,414 
   
   
Jason Syversen
  17,414 
  17,414 
   
   
Vast Ventures III LLC
  11,459 
  11,459 
   
   
Edward A. Julian
  4,583 
  4,583 
   
   
TOTAL
  24,838,490 
  23,544,284 
  1,294,206 
  3.6%
 
(1)
In accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, a person is deemed to be the beneficial owner, for purposes of this table, of any shares of Company Common Stock over which such person has voting or investment power and of which such person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days of the date hereof. The table includes shares owned by spouses, other immediate family members, in trust, shares held in retirement accounts or funds for the benefit of the named individuals, shares held as restricted stock and other forms of ownership, over which shares the persons named in the table may possess voting and/or investment power.
(2)
Assumes that all shares of Common Stock registered for resale by this prospectus are sold.
(3)
Information is based on a Schedule 13D/A filed as of December 8, 2020, by Jeremy Hitchcock, Elizabeth Cash Hitchcock, Orbit Group LLC (“Orbit”), Hitchcock Capital Partners, LLC (“HCP”) and Zulu Holdings LLC (“Zulu”). The 15,696,184 shares includes 3,316,932 shares held directly by HCP and 12,379,252 shares held directly by Zulu. HCP may be deemed the beneficial owner of the shares as a beneficial owner of the Common Stock held by Zulu through its ownership of Zulu. As the manager of Zulu, Orbit may be deemed the beneficial owner of the Common Stock held by Zulu. As the co-managers of Orbit and HCP, each of Mr. and Ms. Hitchcock may be deemed the beneficial owner of the Common Stock held by Zulu.
(4)
Mr. and Ms. Hitchcock are spouses of each other. Mr. and Ms. Hitchcock may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of all shares of the Company owned by either of them or investment vehicles, including Zulu and HCP, owned by either of them. Includes 52,500 shares that Mr. Hitchcock has the right to acquire upon exercise of outstanding stock options exercisable within 60 days after June 4, 2021.
(5)
The 1,206,640 shares are directly held by Palm Global. Palm Management (US) LLC, as the investment manager of Palm Global, may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the shares of Common Stock disclosed as directly owned by Palm Global. Due to his position with Palm Management (US) LLC, Mr. Palmer may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the shares of Common Stock disclosed as directly owned by Palm Global. Due to his positions with Palm Global and Palm Management (US) LLC, Mr. Horowitz may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the shares of Common Stock disclosed as directly owned by Palm Global. Palm Management (US) LLC, Mr. Palmer and Mr. Horowitz expressly disclaim such beneficial ownership except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein.
(6)
Includes 22,931 shares that Mr. Chynoweth has the right to acquire upon exercise of outstanding stock options exercisable within 60 days after June 4, 2021 
(7)
Includes 64,683 shares that Mr. Rooney has the right to acquire upon exercise of outstanding stock options exercisable within 60 days after June 4, 2021.
(8)
Includes 60,671 shares that Ms. Zheng has the right to acquire upon exercise of outstanding stock options exercisable within 60 days after June 4, 2021.

*Less than one percent of shares outstanding.
 
Participation of Directors and Officers
 
Certain of the selling stockholders currently serve as executive officers and/or members of the Board, including Jeremy P. Hitchcock, Executive Chairman of the Board; Graham Chynoweth, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and member of the Board; and Nicole Zheng, Chief Marketing Officer; Elizabeth Hitchcock, member of the Board. Mr. Hitchcock and Ms. Hitchcock may be deemed to beneficially own shares held by Zulu and HCP. Joshua S. Horowitz, a director of the Company, due to his positions with Palm Management (US) LLC and as the director of the general partner of Palm Global, may be deemed to beneficially own shares held by Palm Global. In addition, Joseph L. Wytanis, the former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Phil Stanhope, the former Chief Technology Officer of the Company are also selling stockholders.
 
 
 
4
 
 
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
 
Each selling stockholder and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their securities covered hereby on the OTC Markets Group’s OTCQB or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A selling stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:
 
ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
block trades in which the broker dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;
purchases by a broker dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;
privately negotiated transactions;
settlement of short sales entered into after the effective date of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part;
in transactions through broker dealers that agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security;
through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;
a combination of any such methods of sale; or
any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
 
The selling stockholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
 
Broker dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other broker dealers to participate in sales. Broker dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders (or, if any broker dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction, not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction, a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.
 
In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
 
The selling stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Each selling stockholder has informed the Company that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.
 
The Company is required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the securities. The Company has agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
 
Because selling stockholders may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, they will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act including Rule 172 thereunder. In addition, any securities covered by this prospectus which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 rather than under this prospectus. The selling stockholders have advised us that there is no underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with the proposed sale of the resale securities by the selling stockholders.
 
We agreed to keep this registration effective until the earliest of (i) the date on which the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect; or (ii) the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.
 
Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the Common Stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the selling stockholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the Common Stock by the selling stockholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the selling stockholders and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
 
 

5
 
 
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
 
The following information describes our Common Stock and preferred stock, as well as certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Charter”), and our Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended (the “Bylaws”). This description is only a summary. You should also refer to our Charter and Bylaws, which have been filed with the SEC as exhibits to our Registration Statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.
 
General
 
We are authorized under Delaware law to issue up to 60,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. As of June 4, 2021, there were 35,498,514 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
 
Common Stock
 
Each share of Common Stock has the same relative rights and is identical in all respects with every other share of Common Stock. Each holder of Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of holders of Common Stock and is not permitted to cumulate votes in the election of our directors. Holders of our Common Stock have no redemption, conversion or preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for our securities. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, the holders of our outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds. We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock and do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently anticipate that we will retain all available funds for use in the operation and expansion of our business. In addition, pursuant to the Silicon Valley Bank Loan and Security Agreement, we cannot pay any dividends without Silicon Valley Bank’s prior written consent.
 
Shares of our Common Stock are traded over-the-counter and sales are reported on the OTCQB under the symbol “MINM.”
 
Preferred Stock
 
Our Charter authorizes the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. No shares of preferred stock are outstanding. The Board of Directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to designate and issue additional series of preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights, including the right to issue convertible securities with no limitations on conversion, which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our Common Stock, substantially dilute a Common Stockholder’s interest and depress the price of our Common Stock.
 
Certain Governance Arrangements
 
As of October 9, 2020, the Company entered into a Standstill and Voting Agreement (the “Standstill Agreement”) with Zulu Holdings LLC (“Zulu”) and Jeremy Hitchcock. Pursuant to the terms of the Standstill Agreement, each of Zulu, Mr. Hitchcock and their controlled affiliates (the “Restricted Parties”) have agreed not to effect any (a) transaction involving the Company and any Restricted Party, in which any Restricted Party would have a material interest different from stockholders of the Company generally, (b) purchase of more than 10% of the then total number of shares of outstanding Common Stock, and (c) sale, transfer or other disposition of Common Stock to a third party that would result in such third party beneficially owning more than 20.0% of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately after giving effect to such transaction. The duration of the “Standstill Period” lasts through the earlier of: (i) such time as the Restricted Parties beneficially own less than 45.0% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company, and (ii) the third anniversary of the date of the Standstill Agreement.
 
LEGAL MATTERS
 
The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus has been passed upon for us by Nixon Peabody LLP.
 
EXPERTS
 
The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020 incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement, have been audited by Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon and included in this Registration Statement in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
 
6
 
 
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
 
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
 
The following table lists the costs and expenses payable by Minim, Inc., formerly known as Zoom Telephonics, Inc. (the “Company” or the “Registrant”), in connection with the offering of securities covered by this prospectus, other than any sales commissions or discounts. All amounts shown are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registration fee, and all of the fees and expenses will be borne by the Company.
 
SEC Registration Fee
$
3,481
Legal Fees and Expenses
$
35,000
Accounting Fees and Expenses
$
25,000
Miscellaneous Costs
$
1,000
Total
$
64,481
 
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
 
The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Charter”) and the Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended (the “Bylaws”) authorize it to indemnify directors, officers, employees and agents of the Company against expenses (including attorneys' fees), liabilities and other matters incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding, to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of Delaware General Corporation Law. In addition, the Company’s Charter provides that its directors shall not be personally liable to the Company or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty by such director as a director. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a director shall be liable to the extent provided by applicable law (i) for breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Company or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) pursuant to Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
 
The Company may also advance all reasonable expenses which were incurred by or on behalf of a present director or officer in connection with any proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
 
The Bylaws also permit the Company to enter into indemnity agreements with individual directors, officers, employees, and other agents. Any such agreements, together with the Charter and the Bylaws, may require the Company, among other things, to indemnify directors or officers against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers (other than liabilities resulting from willful misconduct of a culpable nature), to advance expenses to them as they are incurred, and to obtain and maintain directors' and officers' insurance if available on reasonable terms.
 
The Company maintains director and officer liability insurance policies providing for the insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Company or a subsidiary for any claim made during the policy period against the person in any such capacity or arising out of the person’s status as such.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors and officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Company has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
 
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
 
During the past three years, the Company has issued the following securities without registration under the Securities Act pursuant to the exemptions from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, in each case in reliance upon the representations received from the purchasers of those securities.
 
On November 12, 2020, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, pursuant to which the Company exchanged 0.80106 newly-issued shares of Common Stock for each issued and outstanding share of common stock and preferred stock of Zoom Connectivity, Inc., formerly known as Minim Inc. The merger closed on December 4, 2020, and the Company issued an aggregate of 10,784,534 shares of Common Stock, at a price of $2.3498 per share, an implied valuation of approximately $30 million.
 
On May 26, 2020, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with certain accredited investors, including certain members of management and the Board of Directors, in a private placement, pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate of 2,237,103 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $1.52 per share. The private placement closed on May 27, 2020, and the gross proceeds to the Company at the closing were approximately $3.4 million.
 
On May 3, 2019, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with certain accredited investors, including members of management and the Board of Directors, in a private placement, pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate of 4,545,455 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $1.10 per share. The gross proceeds to the Company at the closing of the private placement were approximately $5.0 million.
 


7
 
 
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
(a) Exhibits
 
Exhibit No.
 
Exhibit Description
 
Separation and Distribution Agreement by and between Zoom Technologies, Inc. and Minim, Inc., formerly known as Zoom Telephonics, Inc. (the “Company”) (incorporated by reference to Annex B of the Preliminary Proxy Statement filed by Zoom Technologies, Inc. on May 13, 2009).*
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 12, 2020, by and among the Company, Elm Acquisition Sub, Inc., Zoom Connectivity, Inc., formerly known as Minim Inc. (“Zoom Connectivity”) and the Representative named therein (incorporated by the reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on November 13, 2020).*
 
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on September 4, 2009).*
 
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by the reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on November 18, 2015).*
 
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by the reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on July 30, 2019).*
 
Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on November 18, 2015).*
 
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by the reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on June 4, 2021).*
 
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by the reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on June 4, 2021).*
3.7**
 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company.
4.1**
 
Description of Securities.
5.1**
 
Opinion of Nixon Peabody LLP.
 
Minim, Inc. 2009 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Definitive Proxy Statement filed by the Company on April 30, 2013).*
 
Minim, Inc. 2009 Directors Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Definitive Proxy Statement filed by the Company on April 30, 2013).*
 
Minim, Inc. 2019 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix D to the Definitive Proxy Statement filed by the Company on May 28, 2019).*
 
Minim, Inc. 2019 Directors Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Definitive Proxy Statement filed by the Company on May 28, 2019).*
 
Financing Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on December 21, 2012).*
 
Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on December 21, 2012).*
 
Amendment dated March 25, 2014, effective January 1, 2013 to Financing Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on November 3, 2015).*
 
Amendment dated October 29, 2015, effective January 1, 2013, to Financing Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on November 3, 2015).*
 
Amendment dated July 19, 2016 to Financing Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on July 25, 2016).*
 
Amendment dated September 1, 2016 to Financing Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on September 8, 2016).*
 
Amendment dated November 2, 2018 to Financing Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on June 7, 2019).*
 
Amendment dated April 13, 2020 to Financing Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q filed by the Company on May 15, 2020).*
 
Amendment to Financing Agreement, dated February 4, 2021, by and between the Company and Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on February 8, 2021).*
 
License Agreement, dated May 13, 2015, between the Company and Motorola Mobility LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 10-Q/A filed by the Company on December 6, 2016).*
 
Amendment to License Agreement, dated August 16, 2016, between the Company and Motorola Mobility LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Form 10-Q/A filed by the Company on December 6, 2016).*
 
Amendment to License Agreement, dated August 21, 2017, between the Company and Motorola Mobility LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q filed by the Company on November 9, 2017).*
 
Employment Agreement between the Company and Joseph Wytanis (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on October 18, 2018).*
 
Separation Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2020, by and between the Company and Joseph L. Wytanis (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on May 21, 2020)*
 
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 3, 2019, between the Company and the Investors listed therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on May 6, 2019).*
 
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2020, between the Company and the Investors listed therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on May 27, 2020).*
 
Employment Agreement between the Company and Jacquelyn Barry Hamilton (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on March 9, 2020).*
 
Transition and Separation Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2020, by and between the Company and Jacquelyn Barry Hamilton (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on December 31, 2020).*
 
License Agreement, dated March 27, 2020, between the Company, MTRLC LLC and Motorola Mobility LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Form 10-K/A filed by the Company on April 29, 2020).*
 
Amendment to License Agreement, dated March 27, 2020, between the Company and Motorola Mobility LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Form 10-K/A filed by the Company on April 29, 2020).*
 
Standstill and Voting Agreement, dated as of October 9, 2020, by and among the Company , Zulu Holdings LLC and Jeremy P. Hitchcock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on October 13, 2020).*
 
Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 12, 2021, by and between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by the Company on March 15, 2021).*
 
Assignment and Amendment of Employment Agreement dated December 4, 2020 among Graham Chynoweth, the Company and Zoom Connectivity (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Form 10-K/A filed by the Company on April 30, 2021).*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of May 22, 2019 between Zoom Connectivity and Graham Chynoweth (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Form 10-K/A filed by the Company on April 30, 2021).*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of December 4, 2020 between the Company and Sean Doherty (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Form 10-K/A filed by the Company on April 30, 2021).*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of December 4, 2020 between the Company and Nicole Zheng (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Form 10-K/A filed by the Company on April 30, 2021).*
 
Employment Agreement dated as of November 1, 2019 between the Company and John Lauten (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Form 10-K/A filed by the Company on April 30, 2021).*
 
Subsidiaries.
 
Consent of Marcum LLP.
 
Consent of Nixon Peabody LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
 
Powers of Attorney (included on the signature pages of this Registration Statement).
 
 
*
In accordance with Rule 12b-32 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, reference is made to the documents previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which documents are hereby incorporated by reference.
 
 
 
 
**
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
+
Compensation Plan or Arrangement.
 
 
 
 
Confidential portions of this exhibit have been redacted and filed separately with the SEC pursuant to a confidential treatment request in accordance with Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
 
 
 
††
Certain confidential portions of this exhibit were omitted because the identified confidential portions (i) are not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 
(b) Financial Statement Schedule
 
No financial statement schedules are provided because the information either is not required or is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto incorporated by reference herein.
 
 
8
 
 
Item 17. Undertakings
 
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
 
(1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
 
(i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
 
(ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective Registration Statement;
 
(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement;
 
provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the Registration Statement.
 
(2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
(4)
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the Registration Statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the Registration Statement or prospectus that was part of the Registration Statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
 
(5)
That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
(6)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

9
 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Manchester, State of New Hampshire, on June 9, 2021.
 
 
MINIM, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 

By:  
/s/ Sean Doherty
 
 
 
Sean Doherty
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Graham Chynoweth and Sean Doherty and each of them, as true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and revocation, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments, including any post-effective amendments and supplements, to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto such attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing required or necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Graham Chynoweth
 
Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
June 9, 2021
Graham Chynoweth
 
 (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Sean Doherty
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
June 9, 2021
Sean Doherty
 
 (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Jeremy Hitchcock
 
Executive Chairman of the Board
 
 
Jeremy Hitchcock
 

 
June 9, 2021
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ David Aronoff
 
 Director
 
 
David Aronoff
 

 
June 9, 2021

 
 
 
 
/s/ Dan Artusi
 
 Director
 
 
Dan Artusi
 

 
June 9, 2021

 

 
 
/s/ Philip Frank
 
Director
 
 
Philip Frank
 

 
June 9, 2021

 

 
 
/s/  Elizabeth Hitchcock
 
Director
 
June 9, 2021
Elizabeth Hitchcock
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Josh Horowitz
 
Director
 
June 9, 2021
Josh Horowitz
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
/s/ Sandra Howe
 
 Director
 
 
Sandra Howe
 

 
June 9, 2021
 
 
10

EXHIBIT 3.7
 
BYLAWS
OF
MINIM, INC.
 
(A Delaware corporation)
_______
 
As amended and restated through June 3, 2021
_______
 
ARTICLE I
 
STOCKHOLDERS
 
Section 1.1 Annual Meeting.      The annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation shall be held on such date as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors, at such time and place within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated in the notice of meeting. If the day fixed for the annual meeting shall fall on a legal holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next succeeding day not a legal holiday. If the annual meeting is omitted on the day herein provided, a special meeting may be held in place thereof, and any business transacted at such special meeting in lieu of annual meeting shall have the same effect as if transacted or held at the annual meeting. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, the meeting may be conducted partially or solely by remote communication to the extent permitted by law.
 
Section 1.2 Special Meetings.      Special meetings of the stockholders may be called at any time by the chairman of the board of directors or by the board of directors. Special meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such time, date and place within or outside of the State of Delaware as may be designated in the notice of such meeting. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, the meeting may be conducted partially or solely by remote communication to the extent permitted by law.
 
Section 1.3 Notice of Meeting.
 
(a) A written notice stating the place, if any, date, and hour of each meeting of the stockholders, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, and to each stockholder who, under the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, is entitled to such notice, by delivering such notice to such person or leaving it at their residence or usual place of business, or by mailing it to such stockholder at his address as it appears upon the books of the corporation at least ten days and not more than 60 days before the meeting. Such notice shall be given by the secretary, an assistant secretary, or any other officer or person designated either by the secretary or by the person or persons calling the meeting.
 
(b) The requirement of notice to any stockholder may be waived (i) by a written waiver of notice, executed before or after the meeting by the stockholder or his attorney thereunto duly authorized, and filed with the records of the meeting, (ii) if communication with such stockholder is unlawful, (iii) by attendance at the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice, or (iv) as otherwise excepted by law. A waiver of notice of any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need not specify the purposes of the meeting.
 
(c) If a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, except that if the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
 
Section 1.4 Business at Annual or Special Meetings.
 
(a) At a meeting of the stockholders, only such nominations of persons for the election of directors and such other business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. Nominations for the election of directors or proposals of other business at an annual meeting of the stockholders, or special meeting in lieu of the annual meeting, may be made by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors at the meeting pursuant to Section 1.4(b) or Section 1.4(c), as applicable. Stockholders entitled to vote in such election may nominate one or more persons for the election as directors or propose other business only if written notice of such stockholder’s intent to make such nomination or other business proposal has been given either by personal delivery, overnight (receipted) courier or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the secretary of the Corporation not later than one hundred twenty days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting or special meeting in lieu thereof.
 
 
 
 
(b) For nominations for the election of directors by a stockholder, such notice shall set forth: (i) the name and address of the stockholder who intends to make the nomination and of the persons or person to be nominated; (ii) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation and entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice; (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder; (iv) such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such stockholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission; and (v) the consent of each nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation if so elected. The presiding officer of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge the nomination of any person not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure.
 
(c) For business proposals other than the nomination for the election of directors by a stockholder, such notice shall set forth: (i) as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text of the proposal, and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting; and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made: the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, the class and series and number of shares of stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record, by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, and a description of any material interest of such stockholder or such beneficial owner and the respective affiliates and associates of, or others acting in concert with, such stockholder or such beneficial owner in such business. The presiding officer of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge or otherwise permit to be brought before the meeting any proposal not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure.
 
Section 1.5 Quorum.      The holders of one third of all stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote at a meeting shall constitute a quorum. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present.
 
Section 1.6 Voting and Proxies.      Stockholders shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote owned by them of record according to the books of the corporation, unless otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation. Stockholders may vote either in person or by written proxy, but no proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Proxies shall be filed with the secretary of the meeting, or of any adjournment thereof. Except as otherwise limited therein, proxies shall entitle the persons authorized thereby to vote at any adjournment of such meeting. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a stockholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. A proxy with respect to stock held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the corporation receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them.
 
Section 1.7 Action at Meeting.      When a quorum is present at any meeting, a plurality of the votes properly cast for election to any office shall elect to such office, and a majority of the votes properly cast upon any question other than election to an office shall decide such question, except where a larger vote is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. No ballot shall be required for any election unless requested by a stockholder present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election.
 
Section 1.8 Action Without Meeting.      All action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders must be taken at a meeting duly called and held in accordance with law and in accordance with this Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws.
 
Section 1.9 Voting of Shares of Certain Holders.
 
(a) Shares of stock of the corporation standing in the name of another corporation, domestic or foreign, may be voted by such officer, agent, or proxy as the Bylaws of such corporation may prescribe, or, in the absence of such provision, as the board of directors of such corporation may determine.
 
(b) Shares of stock of the corporation standing in the name of a deceased person, a minor ward or an incompetent person, may be voted by his administrator, executor, court-appointed guardian or conservator without a transfer of such shares into the name of such administrator, executor, court appointed guardian or conservator. Shares of capital stock of the corporation standing in the name of a trustee or fiduciary may be voted by such trustee or fiduciary.
 
(c) Shares of stock of the corporation standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver, and shares held by or under the control of a receiver may be voted by such receiver without the transfer thereof into his name if authority so to do be contained in an appropriate order of the court by which such receiver was appointed.
 
(d) A stockholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote such shares unless in the transfer by the pledgor on the books of the corporation he expressly empowered the pledgee to vote thereon, in which case only the pledgee or its proxy shall be entitled to vote the shares so transferred.
 
(e) Shares of its own stock belonging to this corporation shall not be voted, directly or indirectly, at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time, but shares of its own stock held by the corporation in a fiduciary capacity may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares.
 
Section 1.10 Stockholder Lists.      The secretary (or the corporation’s transfer agent or other person authorized by these Bylaws or by law) shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at (i) the corporation’s principal place of business, (ii) at the place where the meeting is to be held, or (iii) by making it available on an electronic network. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
 
 
 
 
ARTICLE II
 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
Section 2.1 Powers.      Except as reserved to the stockholders by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, the business of the corporation shall be managed under the direction of the board of directors, who shall have and may exercise all of the powers of the corporation. In particular, and without limiting the foregoing, the board of directors shall have the power to issue or reserve for issuance from time to time the whole or any part of the capital stock of the corporation which may be authorized from time to time to such person, for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they shall determine, including the granting of options, warrants or conversion or other rights to stock.
 
Section 2.2 Number of Directors; Qualifications.      The board of directors shall consist of such number of directors, as shall be fixed initially by the incorporator(s) and thereafter by the board of directors. No director need be a stockholder.
 
Section 2.3 Election of Directors.      The initial board of directors shall be designated in the certificate of incorporation, or if not so designated, elected by the incorporator(s) at the first meeting thereof. Thereafter, directors shall be elected by the stockholders at their annual meeting or at any special meeting the notice of which specifies the election of directors as an item of business for such meeting.
 
Section 2.4 Chairman of the Board.      The board of directors may appoint a chairman of the board. If the board of directors appoints a chairman of the board, he shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned to him by the board of directors. The board of directors may designate the chairman of the board as chief executive officer.
 
Section 2.5 Vacancies; Reduction of the Board.      In the case of any vacancy in the board of directors from death, resignation, disqualification or other cause, including a vacancy resulting from enlargement of the board, the election of a director to fill such vacancy shall be by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, whether or not constituting a quorum.
 
Section 2.6 Enlargement of the Board.      The board of directors may be enlarged by the stockholders at any meeting or by vote of a majority of the directors then in office.
 
Section 2.7 Tenure and Resignation.      Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, directors shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and thereafter until their successors are chosen and qualified. Any director may resign by delivering or mailing postage prepaid a written resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the chairman of the board of directors, the president, secretary or assistant secretary, if any. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event.
 
Section 2.8 Removal.      A director, whether elected by the stockholders or directors, may be removed from office with or without cause at any annual or special meeting of stockholders by vote of a majority of the stockholders entitled to vote in the election of such directors, or for cause by a vote of a majority of the directors then in office; provided, however, that a director may be removed for cause only after reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard before the body proposing to remove him.
 
Section 2.9 Meetings.      Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without call or notice at such times and such places within or without the State of Delaware as the board may, from time to time, determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to directors absent from such determination. A regular meeting of the board of directors shall be held without notice immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of the stockholders or the special meeting of the stockholders held in place of such annual meeting, unless a quorum of the directors is not then present. Special meetings of the board of directors may be held at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting when called by the chairman of the board of directors or two or more directors. Members of the board of directors or any committee elected thereby may participate in a meeting of such board or committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
 
Section 2.10 Notice of Meeting.      It shall be sufficient notice to a director to send notice (i) by mail at least 72 hours before the meeting addressed to such person at his usual or last known business or residence address, or (ii) in person, by telephone, facsimile transmission or electronic transmission to the extent provided in Article VIII, at least 24 hours before the meeting. Notice shall be given by the secretary, or in his absence or unavailability, may be given by an assistant secretary, if any, or by the officer or directors calling the meeting. The requirement of notice to any director may be waived by a written waiver of notice, executed by such person before or after the meeting or meetings, and filed with the records of the meeting, or by attendance at the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice. A notice or waiver of notice of a directors’ meeting need not specify the purposes of the meeting.
 
Section 2.11 Agenda.      Any lawful business may be transacted at a meeting of the board of directors, notwithstanding the fact that the nature of the business may not have been specified in the notice or waiver of notice of the meeting.
 
Section 2.12 Quorum.      At any meeting of the board of directors, a majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Any meeting may be adjourned by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.
 
Section 2.13 Action at Meeting.      Any motion adopted by vote of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors, except where a different vote is required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws. The assent in writing of any director to any vote or action of the directors taken at any meeting, whether or not a quorum was present and whether or not the director had or waived notice of the meeting, shall have the same effect as if the director so assenting was present at such meeting and voted in favor of such vote or action.
 
 
 
 
Section 2.14 Action Without Meeting.      Any action by the directors may be taken without a meeting if all of the directors consent to the action in writing and the consents are filed with the records of the directors’ meetings. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote of the directors at a meeting.
 
Section 2.15 Committees.      The board of directors may, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, appoint an executive committee or other committees consisting of one or more directors and may by vote delegate to any such committee some or all of their powers except those which by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws they may not delegate. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the members of the committee present and not disqualified, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may by unanimous vote appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in place of the absence or disqualified member. Unless the board of directors shall otherwise provide, any such committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the board of directors or such rules, its meetings shall be called, notice given or waived, its business conducted or its action taken as nearly as may be in the same manner as is provided in these Bylaws with respect to meetings or for the conduct of business or the taking of actions by the board of directors. The board of directors shall have power at any time to fill vacancies in, change the membership of, or discharge any such committee at any time. The board of directors shall have power to rescind any action of any committee, but no such rescission shall have retroactive effect.
 
ARTICLE III
 
OFFICERS
 
Section 3.1 Enumeration.      The officers shall consist of a president, a treasurer, a secretary and such other officers and agents (including a chairman of the board, one or more vice presidents, assistant treasurers and assistant secretaries), as the board of directors may, in their discretion, determine.
 
Section 3.2 Election.      The president, treasurer and secretary shall be elected annually by the directors at their first meeting following the annual meeting of the stockholders or any special meeting held in lieu of the annual meeting. Other officers may be chosen by the directors at such meeting or at any other meeting.
 
Section 3.3 Qualification.      An officer may, but need not, be a director or stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. Any officer may be required by the directors to give bond for the faithful performance of his duties to the corporation in such amount and with such sureties as the directors may determine. The premiums for such bonds may be paid by the corporation.
 
Section 3.4 Tenure.      Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the term of office of each officer shall be for one year or until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.
 
Section 3.5 Removal.      Any officer may be removed from office, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office; provided, however, that an officer may be removed for cause only after reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard by the board of directors prior to action thereon.
 
Section 3.6 Resignation.      Any officer may resign by delivering or mailing postage prepaid a written resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the chairman of the board of directors, president, secretary, or assistant secretary, if any, and such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some event.
 
Section 3.7 Vacancies.      A vacancy in any office arising from any cause may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the board of directors.
 
Section 3.8  Chief Executive Officer.      The board of directors may designate the chairman of the board as chief executive officer. If the board of directors designates the chairman of the board as chief executive officer, he shall have such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the office of chief executive officer and such duties and powers as the board of directors shall from time to time designate.
 
Section 3.9 President.      The president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation, unless a chairman of the board is so designated and subject to any executive powers of the chairman of the board designated by the board of directors. Unless a chairman of the board is so designated or except as otherwise voted by the board of directors, the president shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors at which present. The president shall have such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the office and such duties and powers as the board of directors shall from time to time designate.
 
Section 3.10 Vice President(s).      The vice president(s), if any, shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors may from time to time determine.
 
Section 3.11 Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers.      The treasurer, or if the board of directors so determines, the vice president, finance or the chief financial officer, subject to the direction and under the supervision and control of the board of directors, shall have general charge of the financial affairs of the corporation. The treasurer shall have custody of all funds, securities and valuable papers of the corporation, except as the board of directors may otherwise provide. The treasurer shall keep or cause to be kept full and accurate records of account which shall be the property of the corporation, and which shall be always open to the inspection of each elected officer and director of the corporation. The treasurer shall deposit or cause to be deposited all funds of the corporation in such depository or depositories as may be authorized by the board of directors. The treasurer shall have the power to endorse for deposit or collection all notes, checks, drafts, and other negotiable instruments payable to the corporation. The treasurer shall perform such other duties as are incidental to the office, and such other duties as may be assigned by the board of directors. All of the duties of the treasurer may be performed by the vice president, finance and/or the chief financial officer, in the discretion of the board of directors.
 
Assistant treasurers, if any, shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors may from time to time determine.
 
 
 
 
Section 3.12 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries.      The secretary or an assistant secretary shall record, or cause to be recorded, all proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders and directors (including committees thereof) in the book of records of this corporation. The record books shall be open at reasonable times to the inspection of any stockholder, director, or officer. The secretary or an assistant secretary shall notify the stockholders and directors, when required by law or by these Bylaws, of their respective meetings, and shall perform such other duties as the directors and stockholders may from time to time prescribe. The secretary or an assistant secretary shall have the custody and charge of the corporate seal, and shall affix the seal of the corporation to all instruments requiring such seal, and shall certify under the corporate seal the proceedings of the directors and of the stockholders, when required. In the absence of the secretary or an assistant secretary at any such meeting, a temporary secretary shall be chosen who shall record the proceedings of the meeting in the aforesaid books.
 
Assistant secretaries, if any, shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors may from time to time designate.
 
Section 3.13 Other Powers and Duties.      Subject to these Bylaws and to such limitations as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe, the officers of the corporation shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, as well as such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the board of directors.
 
ARTICLE IV
 
CAPITAL STOCK
 
Section 4.1 Stock Certificates.
 
(a) Each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate representing the number of shares of the capital stock of the corporation owned by such person in such form as shall, in conformity to law, be prescribed from time to time by the board of directors. Each certificate shall be signed by the president or vice president and treasurer or assistant treasurer or such other officers designated by the board of directors from time to time as permitted by law, shall bear the seal of the corporation, and shall express on its face its number, date of issue, class, the number of shares for which, and the name of the person to whom, it is issued. The corporate seal and any or all of the signatures of corporation officers may be facsimile if the stock certificate is manually counter-signed by an authorized person on behalf of a transfer agent or registrar other than the corporation or its employee.
 
(b) If an officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed, or whose facsimile signature has been placed on, a certificate shall have ceased to be such before the certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the time of its issue.
 
Section 4.2 Transfer of Shares.      Title to a certificate of stock and to the shares represented thereby shall be transferred only on the books of the corporation by delivery to the corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate properly endorsed, or by delivery of the certificate accompanied by a written assignment of the same, or a properly executed written power of attorney to sell, assign or transfer the same or the shares represented thereby. Upon surrender of a certificate for the shares being transferred, a new certificate or certificates shall be issued according to the interests of the parties.
 
Section 4.3 Record Holders.      Except as otherwise may be required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect thereto, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in accordance with the requirements of these Bylaws. It shall be the duty of each stockholder to notify the corporation of his post office address.
 
Section 4.4 Record Date.
 
(a) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournments thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty days prior to any other action. In such case only stockholders of record on such record date shall be so entitled notwithstanding any transfer of stock on the books of the corporation after the record date.
 
(b) If no record date is fixed: (i) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to receive notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; and (ii) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
 
Section 4.5 Transfer Agent and Registrar for Shares of Corporation.      The board of directors may appoint a transfer agent and a registrar of the certificates of stock of the corporation. Any transfer agent so appointed shall maintain, among other records, a stockholders’ ledger, setting forth the names and addresses of the holders of all issued shares of stock of the corporation, the number of shares held by each, the certificate numbers representing such shares, and the date of issue of the certificates representing such shares. Any registrar so appointed shall maintain, among other records, a share register, setting forth the total number of shares of each class of shares which the corporation is authorized to issue and the total number of shares actually issued. The stockholders’ ledger and the share register are hereby identified as the stock transfer books of the corporation; but as between the stockholders’ ledger and the share register, the names and addresses of stockholders, as they appear on the stockholders’ ledger maintained by the transfer agent shall be the official list of stockholders of record of the corporation. The name and address of each stockholder of record, as they appear upon the stockholders’ ledger, shall be conclusive evidence of who are the stockholders entitled to receive notice of the meetings of stockholders, to vote at such meetings, to examine a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, and to own, enjoy and exercise any other property or rights deriving from such shares against the corporation. Stockholders, but not the corporation, its directors, officers, agents or attorneys, shall be responsible for notifying the transfer agent, in writing, of any changes in their names or addresses from time to time, and failure to do so will relieve the corporation, its other stockholders, directors, officers, agents and attorneys, and its transfer agent and registrar, of liability for failure to direct notices or other documents, or pay over or transfer dividends or other property or rights, to a name or address other than the name and address appearing in the stockholders’ ledger maintained by the transfer agent.
 
 
 
 
Section 4.6 Loss of Certificates.      In case of the loss, destruction or mutilation of a certificate of stock, a replacement certificate may be issued in place thereof upon such terms as the board of directors may prescribe, including, in the discretion of the board of directors, a requirement of bond and indemnity to the corporation.
 
Section 4.7 Restrictions on Transfer.      Every certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer, whether pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws or any agreement to which the corporation is a party, shall have the fact of the restriction noted conspicuously on the certificate and shall also set forth on the face or back either the full text of the restriction or a statement that the corporation will furnish a copy to the holder of such certificate upon written request and without charge.
 
Section 4.8 Multiple Classes or Series of Stock.      The amount and classes of the capital stock and the par value, if any, of the shares, shall be as fixed in the Certificate of Incorporation. At all times when there are two or more classes or series of stock, the several classes or series of stock shall conform to the description and the terms and have the respective preferences, voting powers, restrictions and qualifications set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws. Every certificate issued when the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class or series of stock shall set forth on its face or back either (i) the full text of the preferences, voting powers, qualifications and special and relative rights of the shares of each class and series authorized to be issued, or (ii) a statement of the existence of such preferences, powers, qualifications and rights, and a statement that the corporation will furnish a copy thereof to the holder of such certificate upon written request and without charge.
 
ARTICLE V
 
DIVIDENDS
 
Section 5.1 Declaration of Dividends.      Except as otherwise required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the board of directors may, in its discretion, declare what, if any, dividends shall be paid from the surplus or from the net profits of the corporation for the current or preceding fiscal year, or as otherwise permitted by law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, in shares of the corporation’s stock, or in any combination thereof. Dividends shall be payable upon such dates as the board of directors may designate.
 
Section 5.2 Reserves.      Before the payment of any dividend and before making any distribution of profits, the board of directors, from time to time and in its absolute discretion, shall have power to set aside out of the surplus or net profits of the corporation such sum or sums as the board of directors deems proper and sufficient as a reserve fund to meet contingencies or for such other purpose as the board of directors shall deem to be in the best interests of the corporation, and the board of directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.
 
ARTICLE VI
 
POWERS OF OFFICERS TO CONTRACT WITH THE CORPORATION
 
Any and all of the directors and officers of the corporation, notwithstanding their official relations to it, may enter into and perform any contract or agreement of any nature between the corporation and themselves, or any and all of the individuals from time to time constituting the board of directors of the corporation, or any firm or corporation in which any such director may be interested, directly or indirectly, whether such individual, firm or corporation thus contracting with the corporation shall thereby derive personal or corporate profits or benefits or otherwise; provided, that (i) the material facts of such interest are disclosed or are known to the board of directors or committee thereof which authorizes such contract or agreement; (ii) if the material facts as to such person’s relationship or interest are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract is specifically approved in good faith by a vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or agreement is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the board of directors, a committee thereof, or the stockholders. Any director of the corporation who is interested in any transaction as aforesaid may nevertheless be counted in determining the existence of a quorum at any meeting of the board of directors which shall authorize or ratify any such transaction. This Article shall not be construed to invalidate any contract or other transaction which would otherwise be valid under the common or statutory law applicable thereto.
 
 
 
 
ARTICLE VII
 
INDEMNIFICATION
 
Section 7.1 Definitions.      For purposes of this Article VII the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
 
“Corporate Status” describes the status of a person who is or was a director, officer, employee, agent, trustee or fiduciary of the Corporation or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the express written request of the corporation.
 
“Court” means the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or any other court in which a Proceeding in respect of indemnification may properly be brought.
 
“Covered Person” means any person who has a Corporate Status who the corporation, pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.9 hereof, determines is entitled to indemnification as provided herein. It shall in each case include such person’s legal representatives, heirs, executors and administrators.
 
“Disinterested” describes any individual, whether or not that individual is a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation who is not and was not and is not threatened to be made a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification, advancement of expenses or other action, is sought by a Covered Person.
 
“Expenses” shall include, without limitation, all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding.
 
“Good Faith” shall mean a Covered Person having acted in good faith and in a manner such Covered Person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation or, in the case of an employee benefit plan, the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of said plan, as the case may be, and, with respect to any Proceeding which is criminal in nature, having had no reasonable cause to believe such Covered Person’s conduct was unlawful.
 
“Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and may include law firms or members thereof that are regularly retained by the corporation but not by any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” shall not include any person who, under the standards of professional conduct then prevailing and applicable to such counsel, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the corporation or the Covered Person in an action to determine the Covered Person’s rights under this Article.
 
“Proceeding” includes any actual, threatened or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation (including any internal corporate investigation), administrative hearing or any other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, other than one initiated by the Covered Person, but including one initiated by a Covered Person for the purpose of enforcing such Covered Person’s rights under this Article to the extent provided in Section 7.14 of this Article. “Proceeding” shall not include any counterclaim brought by any Covered Person other than one arising out of the same transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the underlying claim.
 
Section 7.2 Right to Indemnification in General.      The corporation may indemnify, and advance Expenses to, each Covered Person who is, was or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding, as provided in this Article and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in effect on the date hereof and to such greater extent as applicable law may hereafter from time to time permit.
 
Section 7.3 Proceedings Other Than Proceedings in the Right of the Corporation.      Each Covered Person may be indemnified if, by reason of such Covered Person’s Corporate Status, such Covered Person is or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the corporation. Such Covered Person may be indemnified against Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlements, actually and reasonably incurred by such Covered Person or on such Covered Person’s behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if such Covered Person acted in Good Faith.
 
Section 7.4 Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation.      Each Covered Person may be indemnified if, by reason of such Covered Person’s Corporate Status, such Covered Person is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding brought by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor. Such Covered Person may be indemnified against Expenses, judgments, penalties, and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by such Covered Person or on such Covered Person’s behalf in connection with such Proceeding if such Covered Person acted in Good Faith. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding as to which such Covered Person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation if applicable law prohibits such indemnification; provided, however, that, if applicable law so permits, indemnification shall nevertheless be made by the corporation in such event if and only to the extent that the Court which is considering the matter shall so determine.
 
 
 
 
Section 7.5 Indemnification of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly Successful.      Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, to the extent that a present or former director or officer or any other person who has a Corporate Status is, by reason of such Corporate Status, a party to or is otherwise involved in and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, such person shall be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by law, against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines, and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by such person or on such person’s behalf in connection therewith. If such person is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the corporation shall indemnify such person to the maximum extent permitted by law, against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines, and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by such person or on such person’s behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter. The termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.
 
Section 7.6 Indemnification for Expenses of a Witness.      Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, to the extent that a Covered Person is, by reason of such Covered Person’s Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding, such Covered Person shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such Covered Person or on such Covered Person’s behalf in connection therewith.
 
Section 7.7 Advancement of Expenses.
 
(a) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Article, the corporation may advance all reasonable Expenses which were incurred by or on behalf of a present director or officer by reason of such person’s Corporate Status, in connection with any Proceeding, within 20 days after the receipt by the corporation of a statement or statements from such person requesting such advance or advances, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by the person and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of the person to repay any Expenses if such person shall be adjudged to be not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses. Any advance and undertakings to repay made pursuant to this paragraph shall be unsecured and interest-free. Advancement of Expenses pursuant to this paragraph shall not require approval of the board of directors or the stockholders of the corporation, or of any other person or body. The secretary of the corporation shall promptly advise the Board in writing of the request for advancement of Expenses, of the amount and other details of the advance and of the undertaking to make repayment provided pursuant to this paragraph.
 
(b) Advancement of expenses to any other Covered Person shall be upon such terms and conditions as the board of directors may determine appropriate.
 
Section 7.8 Notification and Defense of Claim.
 
(a) Promptly after receipt by any person who has a Corporate Status of a notice of the commencement of any Proceeding, such person shall, if a claim is to be made against the corporation under this Article, notify the corporation of the commencement of the Proceeding. The omission of such notice will not relieve the corporation from any liability which it may have to such person otherwise than under this Article. With respect to any such Proceedings as to which the corporation determines to provide indemnification:
 
(i) The corporation will be entitled to participate in the defense at its own expense.
 
(ii) Except as otherwise provided below, the corporation (jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified) will be entitled to assume the defense with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Covered Person. After notice from the corporation to the Covered Person of its election to assume the defense of a suit, the corporation will not be liable to the Covered Person under this Article for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Covered Person in connection with the defense of the Proceeding other than reasonable costs of investigation or as otherwise provided below.
 
(b) The Covered Person shall have the right to employ his own counsel in such Proceeding but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the corporation of its assumption of the defense shall be at the expense of the Covered Person except as follows. The fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of the corporation if (i) the employment of counsel by the Covered Person has been authorized by the corporation, (ii) the Covered Person shall have concluded reasonably that there may be a conflict of interest between the corporation and the Covered Person in the conduct of the defense of such action and such conclusion is confirmed in writing by the corporation’s outside counsel regularly employed by it in connection with corporate matters, or (iii) the corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such Proceeding. The corporation shall be entitled to participate in, but shall not be entitled to assume the defense of, any Proceeding brought by or in the right of the corporation or as to which the Covered Person shall have made the conclusion provided for in (ii) above and such conclusion shall have been so confirmed by the corporation’s said outside counsel.
 
(c) Notwithstanding any provision of this Article to the contrary, the corporation shall not be liable to indemnify the Covered Person under this Article for any amounts paid in settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent. The corporation shall not settle any Proceeding or claim in any manner which would impose any penalty, limitation or disqualification of the Covered Person for any purpose without such Covered Person’s written consent. Neither the corporation nor the Covered Person will unreasonably withhold their consent to any proposed settlement.
 
(d) If it is determined that the Covered Person is entitled to indemnification other than as afforded under subparagraph (b) above, payment to the Covered Person of the additional amounts for which he is to be indemnified shall be made within 10 days after such determination.
 
 
 
 
Section 7.9 Procedures.
 
(a) Method of Determination For Present Officers and Directors. A determination (as provided for by this Article or if required by applicable law in the specific case) with respect to entitlement to indemnification by a person who at the date of determination is a director or officer shall be made either (i) by a majority vote of Disinterested directors, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) a committee of Disinterested directors designated by a majority of disinterested Directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such Disinterested directors, or if the Disinterested directors so direct, by Independent Counsel in a written determination to the board of directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to the Covered Person seeking indemnification, or (iv) by the vote of the holders of a majority of the corporation’s capital stock outstanding at the time entitled to vote thereon.
 
(b) Method of Determination For Others. A determination (as provided for in this Article or if required by applicable law in the specific case) with respect to indemnification of any person other than a present director or officer may be made by the board of directors in such manner as it may determine appropriate.
 
(c) Initiating Request. A person who seeks indemnification under this Article shall submit a request for indemnification, including such documentation and information as is reasonably available to such person and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent such person is entitled to indemnification.
 
(d) Effect of Other Proceedings. The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of guilty or of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article) of itself adversely affect the right of a Covered Person to indemnification or create a presumption that a Covered Person did not act in Good Faith.
 
Section 7.10 Action by the Corporation.      Any action, payment, advance determination (other than a determination made pursuant to Section 7.9 above), authorization, requirement, grant of indemnification or other action taken by the corporation pursuant to this Article shall be effected exclusively through any Disinterested person so authorized by the board of directors of the corporation, including the president or any vice president of the corporation.
 
Section 7.11 Non-Exclusivity.      The rights to indemnification and to receive advancement of Expenses as provided by this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a person may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or otherwise.
 
Section 7.12 Insurance.      The corporation may maintain, at its expense, an insurance policy or policies to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or another enterprise against liability arising out of this Article or otherwise, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify any such person against such liability under the Delaware General Corporation Law.
 
Section 7.13 No Duplicative Payment.      The corporation shall not be liable under this Article to Covered Person has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
 
Section 7.14 Expenses of Adjudication.      In the event that any Covered Person seeks a judicial adjudication, or an award in arbitration, to enforce such Covered Person’s rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Article, the Covered Person shall be entitled to recover from the corporation, and shall be indemnified by the corporation against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such Covered Person in seeking such adjudication or arbitration, but only if such Covered Person prevails therein. If it shall be determined in such adjudication or arbitration that the Covered Person is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification of expenses sought, the expenses incurred by such Covered Person in connection with such adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.
 
Section 7.15 Severability.      If any provision or provisions of this Article shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever:
 
(a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article (including without limitation, each portion of any Section of this Article containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and
 
(b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article (including, without limitation, each portion of any Section of this Article containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
 
Section 7.16 No Retroactive Amendment.      No amendment or repeal of this Article or any provision hereof shall affect any right of any person to be indemnified hereunder with respect to any actions, omissions or state of facts existing prior to the date of such amendment or repeal.
 
 
 
 
ARTICLE VIII
 
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
 
Section 8.1 Certificate of Incorporation.      All references in these Bylaws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time.
 
Section 8.2 Fiscal Year.      Except as from time to time otherwise provided by the board of directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall end on the 31stof December of each year.
 
Section 8.3 Corporate Seal.      The board of directors shall have the power to adopt and alter the seal of the corporation.
 
Section 8.4 Execution of Instruments.      All deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, bonds, notes, and signed by the president or the treasurer except as the board of directors may generally or in particular cases otherwise determine.
 
Section 8.5 Voting of Securities.      Unless the board of directors otherwise provides, the president or the treasurer may waive notice of and act on behalf of this corporation, or appoint another person or persons to act as proxy or attorney in fact for this corporation with or without discretionary power and/or power of substitution, at any meeting of stockholders or shareholders of any other corporation or organization, any of whose securities are held by this corporation.
 
Section 8.6 Evidence of Authority.      A certificate by the secretary or any assistant secretary as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors or any officer or representative of the corporation shall, as to all persons who rely thereon in good faith, be conclusive evidence of such action. The exercise of any power which by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws, or under any vote of the stockholders or the board of directors, may be exercised by an officer of the corporation only in the event of absence of another officer or any other contingency shall bind the corporation in favor of anyone relying thereon in good faith, whether or not such absence or contingency existed.
 
Section 8.7 Corporate Records.     The original, or attested copies, of the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, records of all meetings of the incorporators and stockholders, and the stock transfer books (which shall contain the names of all stockholders and the record address and the amount of stock held by each) shall be kept in Delaware at the principal office of the corporation, or at an office of the corporation, or at an office of its transfer agent or of the secretary or of the assistant secretary, if any. Said copies and records need not all be kept in the same office. They shall be available at all reasonable times to inspection of any stockholder for any purpose but not to secure a list of stockholders for the purpose of selling said list or copies thereof or for using the same for a purpose other than in the interest of the applicant, as a stockholder, relative to the affairs of the corporation.
 
Section 8.8 Communication of Notices.      Any notices required to be given under these Bylaws may be given (i) by delivery in person, (ii) by mailing it, postage prepaid, first class, (iii) by mailing it by nationally or internationally recognized second day or faster courier service, (iv) by facsimile transmission, or (v) by electronic transmission, in each case, to the addressee; provided, however that facsimile transmission or electronic transmission may only be used if the addressee has consented to such means.
 
Section 8.9 Electronic Transmissions.      Notwithstanding any reference in these Bylaws to written instruments, all notices, meetings, consents and other communications contemplated by these Bylaws may be conducted by means of an electronic transmission, to the extent permitted by law, if specifically authorized by the board of directors of the corporation.
 
Section 8.10 Charitable Contributions.      The board of directors from time to time may authorize contributions to be made by the corporation in such amounts as it may determine to be reasonable to corporations, trusts, funds or foundations organized and operated exclusively for charitable, scientific or educational purposes, no part of the net earning of which inures to the private benefit of any stockholder or individual.
 
Section 8.11 Forum Selection.      Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, other employee or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law or as to which the General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 8.11.
 
 
 
 
ARTICLE IX
 
AMENDMENTS
 
Section 9.1 Amendment by Stockholders.      Prior to the issuance of stock, these Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed by the incorporator(s) by majority vote. After stock has been issued, these Bylaws may be amended altered or repealed by the stockholders at any annual or special meeting by vote or a majority of all shares outstanding and entitled to vote, except that where the effect of the amendment would be to reduce any voting requirement otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, such amendment shall require the vote that would have been required by such other provision. Notice and a copy of any proposal to amend these Bylaws must be included in the notice of meeting of stockholders at which action is taken upon such amendment.
 
Section 9.2 Amendment by Board of Directors.
 
(a) These Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed by the board of directors at a meeting duly called for the purpose by majority vote of the directors then in office, except that directors shall not amend the Bylaws in a manner which:
 
(i) changes the stockholder voting requirements for any action;
 
(ii) alters or abolishes any preferential right or right of redemption applicable to a class or series of stock with shares already outstanding;
 
(iii) alters the provisions of Article IX hereof; or
 
(iv) permits the board of directors to take any action which under law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws is required to be taken by the stockholders.
 
(b) Any amendment of these Bylaws by the board of directors may be altered or repealed by the stockholders at any annual or special meeting of stockholders.
 


EXHIBIT 4.1
 
MINIM, INC.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
 
The following description of the common stock and preferred stock of Minim, Inc. (“us,” “our,” “we” or the “Company”) summarizes the material terms and provisions of the common stock and the preferred stock. For the complete terms of our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, which we refer to as our charter, and our bylaws, as amended, which we refer to as our bylaws, that are incorporated herein by reference. The summary below is qualified in its entirety by reference to our charter and bylaws. The terms of these securities may also be affected by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
 
General
 
We are authorized under Delaware law to issue up to 60,000,000 shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share, and 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.001 par value per share.
 
Common Stock
 
Voting Rights.  Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as otherwise provided by law or our charter or bylaws, all matters other than the election of directors submitted to the stockholders at any meeting shall be decided by the affirmative vote of a majority of votes properly cast upon such question. Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the meeting. Our charter and bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting rights. Because of this, the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should so choose.
 
Dividends.  Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, the holders of our outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds. We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock and do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently anticipate that we will retain all available funds for use in the operation and expansion of our business. In addition, pursuant to the Silicon Valley Bank Loan and Security Agreement, we cannot pay any dividends without Silicon Valley Bank’s prior written consent.
 
Liquidation.  In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
 
Other Rights and Preferences.  Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
 
Fully Paid and Nonassessable.  All of our outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.
 
Provisions in our charter provide that our board of directors is authorized to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish the number of shares to be included in each such series, to establish the voting powers (if any) of the shares to be included in such series, and to fix the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of the shares of each such series and to fix the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including without limitation thereof, dividend rights, special voting rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences. The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company without further action by the stockholders and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. The issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock, including the loss of voting control to others.
 
Certain Governance Arrangements
 
As of October 9, 2020, the Company entered into a Standstill and Voting Agreement (the “Standstill Agreement”) with Zulu Holdings LLC (“Zulu”) and Jeremy Hitchcock. Pursuant to the terms of the Standstill Agreement, each of Zulu, Mr. Hitchcock and their controlled affiliates (the “Restricted Parties”) have agreed not to effect any (a) transaction involving the Company and any Restricted Party, in which any Restricted Party would have a material interest different from stockholders of the Company generally, (b) purchase of more than 10% of the then total number of shares of outstanding Common Stock, and (c) sale, transfer or other disposition of Common Stock to a third party that would result in such third party beneficially owning more than 20.0% of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately after giving effect to such transaction. The duration of the “Standstill Period” lasts through the earlier of: (i) such time as the Restricted Parties beneficially own less than 45.0% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company, and (ii) the third anniversary of the date of the Standstill Agreement.
 
Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Charter and Bylaws
 
Some provisions of Delaware law, our charter and our bylaws contain provisions that could make the following transactions more difficult: an acquisition of us by means of a tender offer; an acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or the removal of our incumbent officers and directors. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish or could deter transactions that stockholders may otherwise consider to be in their best interest or in our best interests, including transactions which provide for payment of a premium over the market price for our shares.
 
These provisions, summarized below, are intended to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of the increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging these proposals because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
 
 
 
 
Undesignated Preferred Stock. The ability of our board of directors, without action by the stockholders, to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences as designated by our board of directors could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.
 
Stockholder Meetings. Our bylaws provide that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our president or by our board of directors.
 
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals. Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the board of directors.
 
Elimination of Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Our bylaws eliminate the right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting.
  
Removal of Directors. Our bylaws provide that members of our board of directors may only be removed from office (i) with or without cause at any annual or special meeting of stockholders by a vote of a majority of the stockholders entitled to vote in the election of directors, or (ii) for cause by a vote of a majority of the directors then in office, provided that a director may be removed for cause only after reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard before the body proposing to remove such director.
 
Stockholders Not Entitled to Cumulative Voting. Our amended and restated charter does not permit stockholders to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they choose.
 
Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute. We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits persons deemed to be “interested stockholders” from engaging in a “business combination” with a publicly held Delaware corporation for three years following the date these persons become interested stockholders unless the business combination is, or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder was, approved in a prescribed manner or another prescribed exception applies. Generally, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the board of directors.
 
The provisions of Delaware law, our charter and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in the composition of our board and management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
 
Transfer and Warrant Agent and Registrar
 
The transfer and warrant agent and registrar for our common stock and registered warrants is Computershare.
 
Listing
 
Our shares of common are quoted on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol “MINM.”
 



EXHIBIT 5.1
 
 
Nixon Peabody LLP
55 West 46th Street
New York, NY 10036-4120
212-940-3000
 
 
June 9, 2021
 
Minim, Inc.
848 Elm Street
Manchester, New Hampshire 03101
 
Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
We have acted as counsel to Minim, Inc., formerly known as Zoom Telephonics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on the date hereof relating to the offer and sale by the selling stockholders named in the Registration Statement of up to 10,743,223 shares (the “Securities”) of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”).
 
Pursuant to Rule 429(b), the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”) covers 12,801,061 shares of Common Stock previously registered under the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on June 11, 2020 (File No. 333-239122), which was declared effective on June 22, 2020, and the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on June 7, 2019 (File No. 333-232027), which was declared effective on July 14, 2019 (collectively, the “Prior Registration Statements”). The opinions relating to the previously registered 12,801,061 shares of Common Stock is filed with the Prior Registration Statements as Exhibit 5.1.
 
The Securities may be issued, sold or delivered from time to time as set forth in the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto, the Prospectus and any supplements thereto.
 
In connection with the foregoing, we have examined the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. We also have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such corporate records, certificates and other documents and have made such investigations of law as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinion expressed below.
 
As to questions of fact material to our opinion expressed herein, we have, when relevant facts were not independently established, relied upon certificates of, and information received from, the Company and/or representatives of the Company. We have made no independent investigation of the facts stated in such certificates or as to any information received from the Company and/or representatives of the Company and do not opine as to the accuracy of such factual matters. We also have relied, without investigation, upon certificates and other documents from, and conversations with, public officials.
 
In rendering the following opinion, we have assumed, without investigation, the authenticity of any document or other instrument submitted to us as an original, the conformity to the originals of any document or other instrument submitted to us as a copy, the genuineness of all signatures on such originals or copies, and the legal capacity of natural persons who executed any such document or instrument at the time of execution thereof.
 
We also have assumed that (i) at the time of any offering or sale, the Registration Statement, and any post-effective amendments thereto, will be effective and comply with all applicable laws, (ii) all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and in the manner described in the Prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement relating thereto, and (iii) no consent, approval, authorization or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any governmental body or agency or any other third party is required for the execution, delivery or performance by the Company of any material agreement to which it is a party or, if any such consent, approval, authorization, action, notice or filing is required, it has been or will be duly obtained, taken, given or made and is or will be in full force and effect.
 
Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the other qualifications and limitations contained herein, we are of the opinion that the Securities have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable.
 
Members of our firm involved in the preparation of this opinion are licensed to practice law in the States of New York or New Hampshire or the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and we do not purport to be experts on, or to express any opinion herein concerning, the laws of any other jurisdiction other than the federal law of the United States of America and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
 
It is understood that this opinion is to be used only in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Stock while the Registration Statement is in effect and may not be used, quoted or relied upon for any other purpose nor may this opinion be furnished to, quoted to or relied upon by any other person or entity, for any purpose, without our prior written consent.
 
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name as it appears under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving such consent, we do not admit that any member of this firm is an “expert” within the meaning of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
 
This opinion is limited to the matters stated herein, and no opinion or belief is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated herein. This opinion is based upon currently existing statutes, rules, regulations and judicial decisions, and we disclaim any obligation to advise you of any change in any of these sources of law or subsequent legal or factual developments which might affect any matters or the opinion set forth herein.
 
Very truly yours,
 
/s/ Nixon Peabody LLP
 
 
 
 


EXHIBIT 21.1
 
SUBSIDIARIES
 
Zoom Connectivity, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Minim, Inc., is a corporation organized in Delaware. MTRLC LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Minim, Inc., is a limited liability company organized in Delaware that focuses on the sale of our Motorola brand products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

EXHIBIT 23.1
 
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM'S CONSENT
 
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement of Minim, Inc. on Form S-1 of our report dated April 13, 2021, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Zoom Telephonics, Inc. as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Zoom Telephonics, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2020. We were dismissed as auditors on April 14, 2021 and, accordingly, we have not performed any audit or review procedures with respect to any financial statements appearing in such Prospectus for the periods after the date of our dismissal. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.
 
 
/s/ Marcum LLP
 
Portland, ME
June 9, 2021