UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark one)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024
☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
for the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-41282
SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Colorado | 20-5566275 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
333 Las Olas Way
CU4 Suite 433
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
(Address of principal executive offices)
(954) 330-0684
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class: | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
|
Common Stock, par value $0.001 Warrants |
SBFM SBFMW |
Nasdaq Capital Market Nasdaq Capital Market |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold on June 28, 2024, was $22,618,055.
As of April 1, 2025, the Registrant had shares of common stock, par value $0.001 issued and outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by reference: None
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEFINED TERMS
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Sunshine,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” in this Form 10-K refer to Sunshine Biopharma Inc. and its subsidiaries. The following are definitions for terms or abbreviations used in this Form 10-K:
| i |
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The statements regarding Sunshine Biopharma Inc. contained in this Report that are not historical in nature, particularly those that utilize terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “likely,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “believes” or “plans,” or comparable terminology, are forward-looking statements based on current expectations and assumptions, and entail various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements.
Important factors known to us that could cause such material differences are identified in this Report. We undertake no obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable law. You are advised, however, to consult any future disclosures we make on related subjects in future reports to the SEC.
| ii |
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
About Sunshine Biopharma
We are a pharmaceutical company offering and researching life-saving medicines in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, including oncology and antivirals. We have two wholly owned subsidiaries: (i) Nora Pharma Inc. (“Nora Pharma”), a Canadian corporation, through which we currently have 70 generic prescription drugs on the market in Canada, and (ii) Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), a Canadian corporation which develops and sells OTC supplements.
In addition, we are conducting a proprietary drug development program which is comprised of (i) K1.1 mRNA, an LNP encapsulated mRNA targeted for liver cancer, and (ii) SBFM-PL4, a protease inhibitor for treatment of SARS Coronavirus infections.
Commercial Operations
Our commercial operations are focused on the procurement of rights to pharmaceutical products for sale, currently in Canada and ultimately around the world. We seek to secure such rights through various types of strategic arrangements, including:
| · | In-licensing and Supply Agreements: Nora Pharma acquires the rights to import, market, sell and distribute the products in Canada by purchasing the drug dossiers from strategic partners. Nora Pharma then files the dossiers with Health Canada to obtain regulatory approval prior to marketing. The approval process at Health Canada takes on average of 12 months. The products are sold under Nora Pharma label. |
| · | Cross-licensing: Nora Pharma acquires the rights to import, market, sell and distribute the products in Canada by receiving an authorization letter from pharmaceutical partners. The partners’ products are already approved in Canada but we are still required to obtain our own approval from Health Canada, which takes on average 45-60 days. The products are sold under Nora Pharma label. |
| · | Distribution Agreements: Nora Pharma acquires the rights to market, sell and distribute the products in Canada by signing a distribution agreement with pharmaceutical partners. The partners’ products are already approved by Health Canada. The products are sold under the partners’ label. |
Generic drugs are pharmaceutically equivalent to the brand name drugs. They contain identical medicinal ingredients in the same amounts as the brands. Generic medications, however, may have different non-medicinal ingredients than the brand name drugs, but the generic developer must show that these do not affect the safety, efficacy, or quality of the drug compared to the brand. When a generic drugs company wants to sell a generic drug in Canada, it must file a generic drug submission with Health Canada. The submission is called an Abbreviated New Drug Submission (ANDS). The submission is reviewed by scientists and health care experts at Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB) of Health Canada. All generic drug submissions go through the same process as the brand name drug submissions. If the evaluation shows that the generic drug meets all regulatory requirements (including patent and data protection considerations), Health Canada will issue a Notice of Compliance (NOC) and a Drug Identification Number (DIN) to the applicant. The NOC and DIN signal the drug's official approval in Canada and permit the applicant to market the drug in Canada. Once a company obtains the NOC and DIN for a drug, then it begins the process with Pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA) in order to have the drug listed on the provincial and territorial formularies and federal government drug benefit plans.
| 1 |
We currently have the following generic prescription drugs on the market in Canada:
| Drug | Action/Indication/Therapeutic Area | Reference/Brand |
| Abiraterone* | Oncology | Zytiga® |
| Alendronate | Osteoporosis | Fosamax® |
| Amlodipine | Cardiovascular | Norvasc® |
| Apixaban | Cardiovascular | Eliquis® |
| Aripiprazole | Antipsychotic | Abilify® |
| Atorvastatin | Cardiovascular | Lipitor® |
| Azithromycin | Antibacterial | Zithromax® |
| Betahistine | Vertigo | Serc® |
| Bilastine | Allergy | Blexten® |
| Candesartan | Hypertension | Atacand® |
| Candesartan HCTZ | Hypertension | Atacand Plus® |
| Celecoxib | Anti-inflammatory | Celebrex® |
| Cetirizine | Allergy | Reactine® |
| Ciprofloxacin | Antibiotic | Cipro® |
| Citalopram | Central nervous system | Celexa® |
| Clindamycin | Antibiotic | Dalacin® |
| Clobetasol* | Anti-inflammatory | Clobex® |
| Clopidogrel | Cardiovascular | Plavix® |
| Dapagliflozin | Diabetes | Forxiga® |
| Daptomycin* | Antibacterial | Cubicin® |
| Dasatinib* | Oncology | Sprycel® |
| Donepezil | Central nervous system | Aricept® |
| Duloxetine | Central nervous system | Cymbalta® |
| Dutasteride | Urology | Avodart® |
| Ertapenem* | Antibacterial | Invanz® |
| Escitalopram | Central nervous system | Cipralex® |
| Everolimus* | Oncology | Afinitor® |
| Ezetimibe | Cardiovascular | Ezetrol® |
| Finasteride | Urology | Proscar® |
| Flecainide | Cardiovascular | Tambocor® |
| Fluconazole | Antifungal | Diflucan® |
| Fluoxetine | Central nervous system | Prozac® |
| Hanzema®* | Dermatology | Toctino® |
| Hydroxychloroquine | Antimalarial | Plaquenil® |
| Lacosamide | Central nervous system | Vimpat® |
| Letrozole | Oncology | Femara® |
| Levetiracetam | Central nervous system | Keppra® |
| Lurasidone | Antipsychotic | Latuda® |
| Metformin | Diabetes | Glucophage® |
| Mirtazapine | Central nervous system | Remeron® |
| Montelukast | Allergy | Singulair® |
| Olanzapine | Central nervous system | Zyprexa® |
| Olanzapine ODT | Central nervous system | Zyprexa® |
| Olmesartan | Cardiovascular | Olmetec® |
| Olmesartan HCTZ | Cardiovascular | Olmetec Plus® |
| Pantoprazole | Gastroenterology | Pantoloc® |
| Paroxetine | Central nervous system | Paxil® |
| Perindopril | Cardiovascular | Coversyl® |
| Pravastatin | Cardiovascular | Pravachol® |
| 2 |
*Sold through distribution agreements in which we act as distributor.
In addition to the 70 drugs currently on the market, we have 64 additional drugs in our pipeline including 13 we anticipate launching during the remainder of 2025. These additional drugs will address various human health areas including cardiovascular, oncology, gastroenterology, central nervous system, diabetes, urology, endocrinology, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory.
We believe the addition of these products to our existing portfolio will strengthen our presence in the Canadian $9.7 billion a year generic drugs market (Research and Markets) and provide us with greater access to pharmacies as we become more of a go-to supplier for every-day and specialty medicines.
Research and Development
The following table summarizes our proprietary drugs in development:
| Drug Candidate | Therapeutic Area/Indication | Development Stage | |||
| K1.1 (mRNA LNP) | Oncology (Liver Cancer) | Animal Testing | |||
| SBFM-PL4 (Small Molecule) | Antiviral (SARS Coronavirus) | Animal Testing |
K1.1 Anticancer mRNA
In June 2021, we initiated a new research project in which we set out to determine if certain mRNA molecules can be used as anti-cancer agents. The data collected to date have shown that a selected group of mRNA molecules are capable of destroying cancer cells in vitro including multidrug resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/MDR), ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (OVCAR-3), and pancreatic cancer cells (SUIT-2). Studies using non-transformed (normal) human cells (HMEC cells) showed that these mRNA molecules had little cytotoxic side effects. These new mRNA molecules, bearing the laboratory name K1.1, were adapted for delivery into patients using a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology similar to the one employed in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. On April 20, 2022, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States covering our K1.1 mRNA molecules.
| 3 |
In November 2022, we concluded an agreement with a specialized commercial partner for the purposes of formulating our K1.1 mRNA molecules into specific lipid nanoparticles for use in test animals including xenograft mice. The initial results of our animal testing indicated that our K1.1 mRNA-LNP constructs were effective at reducing the size of liver cancer tumors in xenograft mice. We are currently seeking to confirm these results by conducting additional xenograft experiments on a broader scale and in more detailed dose-response studies.
SBFM-PL4 SARS Coronavirus Treatment
The initial genome expression products following infection by Betacoronavirus, the causative agent of COVID-19, are two large polyproteins, referred to as pp1a and pp1ab. These two polyproteins are cleaved at 15 specific sites by two virus encoded proteases, called Mpro and PLpro, to generate 16 different non-structural proteins essential for viral replication. Mpro and PLpro represent attractive anti-viral drug development targets as they play a central role in the early stages of viral replication. PLpro is of particular interest as a therapeutic target in that, in addition to processing essential viral proteins, it is also responsible for suppression of the human immune system making the virus more life-threatening. PLpro is present only in Betacoronaviruses, the subgroup of Coronaviruses represented by the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.
Our Anti-Coronavirus research effort has been focused on developing an inhibitor of PLpro and, on May 22, 2020, we filed a patent application in the United States covering composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the Coronavirus PLpro as well as Mpro.
In February 2022, we expanded our PLpro inhibitors research effort by entering into a research agreement with the University of Arizona for the purposes of conducting research focused on determining the in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and dose selection properties of three University of Arizona owned PLpro inhibitors, to be followed by efficacy testing in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the “Research Project”). Under the agreement, the University of Arizona granted us a first option to negotiate a commercial, royalty-bearing license for all intellectual property developed by University of Arizona under the Research Project. In addition, we and the University of Arizona have entered into an option agreement (the “Option Agreement”) whereby we were granted a first option to negotiate a royalty-bearing commercial license for the underlying technology of the Research Project. On September 13, 2022, we exercised our options, and on February 24, 2023, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with the University of Arizona for all of the technology related to the Research Project.
We have since broadened our objective to include the development of a first-in-class PLpro inhibitor to treat SARS-CoV2 and potentially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection in patients who could not use Paxlovid, Molnupiravir, or Remdesivir, due to concerns about drug interactions and possible rebound infections and other side effects.
Our current lead compound was recently found to be active at sub micromolar concentrations against PLpro and exhibited antiviral activity in SRAS-CoV-2 infected cells as well as in cells infected with several different variants of concern. In addition, our compound had favorable pharmacokinetics properties in rodent species and exhibited preferred drug accumulation in the lungs over plasma. The compound was found to be orally active in a K18-human-ACE2 transgenic mouse model and to significantly reduce virus load in the lungs of infected animals in a dose-dependent manner without gross toxicities. In August 2024, we published these and other research results related to this project in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (J. Med. Chem. 2024, 67, 13681−13702). A copy of this article is available on our website at: www.sunshinebiopharma.com/scientific-publications.
| 4 |
Intellectual Property
On May 22, 2020, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. Our patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, we filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020 has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application.
On April 20, 2022, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States covering mRNA molecules capable of destroying cancer cells in vitro. The patent application contains composition and utility subject matter pertaining to the structure and sequence of the relevant mRNA molecules.
Effective February 24, 2023, we became the exclusive, worldwide licensee of the University of Arizona for three (3) patents related to small molecules which inhibit the Coronavirus protease, PLpro.
Our wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma, owns 200 DIN’s issued by Health Canada for prescription drugs currently on the market in Canada. These DIN’s were secured through in-licenses or cross-licenses from international manufacturers of generic pharmaceutical products. Nora Pharma also owns the rights to sell 10 generic prescription drugs in Canada through distribution agreements with various international partners under which Nora Pharma acts as distributor and receives a percentage of sales.
In addition, we own four (4) NPN’s issued by Health Canada including (i) NPN 80089663 which authorizes us to manufacture and sell our in-house developed OTC product, Essential•9™, (ii) NPN 80093432 which authorizes us to manufacture and sell the OTC product, Calcium-Vitamin D, (iii) NPN 80125047 which authorizes us to manufacture and sell the OTC product, L-Citrulline, and (iv) NPN 80127436 which authorizes us to manufacture and sell the OTC product, Taurine.
Government Regulations
All of our business operations, including our generic drugs, proprietary drugs, and OTC products operations, are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations.
In the United States, the Federal Government agency responsible for regulating prescription drugs and nonprescription OTC supplements is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The Canadian counterpart to the FDA is Health Canada. Though the FDA and Health Canada have generally similar requirements for drugs and OTC supplements to be approved or allowed to be marketed, approval in one jurisdiction does not automatically result in approval in the other. In Canada, prescription drugs and nonprescription OTC supplements are authorized through the issuance by Health Canada of a Drug Identification Number (DIN) for the former and a Natural Product Number (NPN) for the latter. In the United States, OTC supplements are required to be registered with the FDA prior to marketing. In both the U.S. and Canada, the ingredients, manufacturing processes and facilities for all drugs and OTC supplements must meet the guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practices (“GMP”). Moreover, all drug manufacturers must perform a series of tests, both during and after production, to show that every drug or supplement batch made meets the regulatory requirements for that product.
Our generic prescription medicines are produced in compliance with GMP guidelines as for brand-name drugs. Prescription drugs dossiers are filed with Health Canada in order to obtain a manufacturing Notice of Compliance (NOC) and a Drug Identification Number (DIN). The same grant the applicant marketing authorization in Canada. In the case of Nora Pharma’s products, Nora Pharma secures cross-licenses from supply partners holding NOC’s and in turn applies to Health Canada to obtain DIN’s issued in Nora Pharma’s name in order to commercialize in Canada. In Canada, the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA), an alliance of the provincial, territorial and federal governments that collaborates on a range of public drug plan initiatives to increase and manage access to clinically effective and affordable drug treatments, determines generic drugs pricing based on a percentage of the brand-name reference products.
| 5 |
In the area of proprietary drug development where our Anti-Coronavirus and Anti-Cancer compounds fall, we will be subject to significant regulations in the U.S. in order to obtain approval of the FDA to offer our products for sale when ready. The procedure for obtaining FDA approval involves an initial filing of an IND application following which the FDA would review and allow for the drug developer to proceed with Phase I clinical trials. Following completion of Phase I, the results are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase II. Similarly, following completion of Phase II the data are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase III. Following completion of Phase III, a new drug application, or NDA is submitted and a request is made for marketing approval. Depending on various issues and considerations, the FDA could provide “emergency use authorization” or limited approval for “compassionate-use” if the drug treats terminally ill patients with limited or no other treatment options available. As of the date of the filing of this report, we have not made any filings with the FDA or other regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions in connection with our proprietary drugs in development.
In respect of OTC supplements, the FDA regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution, and sale of such products, while the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) regulates marketing and advertising claims. In August 2007, a rule issued by the FDA went into effect requiring companies that manufacture, package, label, distribute or hold OTC supplements to meet certain GMP requirements to ensure such products are of the quality specified and are properly packaged and labeled. We are committed to meeting or exceeding the standards set by the FDA and the FTC and we believe we are currently operating within both the FDA and FTC mandates.
Manufacturing
Our generic drugs are manufactured by our various international partners (licensors or distribution partners) under long-term contracts. We purchase finished goods from these partners at varying costs.
We currently do not have any proprietary drugs on the market. Research quantities of our proprietary drug candidates are manufactured at the University of Arizona located in Tucson, Arizona (Anti-Coronavirus compounds) and WuXi App Tech located in Hong Kong, China (K1.1 mRNA).
Our OTC products are manufactured under contract by INOV Pharma Inc. located in Montreal, Canada.
Marketing and Sales
Our generic drugs are currently being sold in Canada in the province of Quebec, and to a much lesser extent in the provinces of Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. All of our generic drug sales are conducted by Nora Pharma’s sales representatives. A segment of our marketing team provides human resources, commercial and technical assistance, as well as training and educational support to pharmacy owners.
Our OTC products are currently sold in the U.S. and Canada through Amazon.com and Amazon.ca, respectively. Our personnel, together with outside consultants develop and place ads on various media platforms and manage our accounts with Amazon.
Competition
According to Research and Markets, the Canadian generic pharmaceuticals market was valued at approximately $9.7 billion USD in 2023 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9%, reaching $19.2 billion USD by the end of 2032. Generic pharmaceutical companies produce and deliver more than 70% of the prescribed medicines with high quality at affordable prices. There are more than 35 active generic players in the Canadian market, of which, the top 3 hold approximately 50% share of the total market. Nora Pharma is relatively new in this space but has demonstrated one of the fastest year-over-year sales growth amongst its peers.
| 6 |
Our Anti-Coronavirus drug development project is in direct competition with several companies in the U.S. that have developed effective vaccines or treatment options for COVID-19. The companies focused on treatments include Pfizer, Merck, Gilead, Eli Lilly, and Regeneron. Today two leading vaccines (Pfizer’s, and Moderna’s) and two antibody treatments (Regeneron’s, and Eli Lilly’s) are in use. Gilead’s Remdesivir, an antiviral injectable, was approved by the FDA for treatment of COVID-19 in October 2020. In addition, in December 2021, Pfizer received Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”), for its antiviral pill, Paxlovid, and, in the same month, the FDA granted Merck EUA for its antiviral pill, Molnupiravir. While the approved vaccines, pills and injectable treatments are effective, we believe that additional treatment options such as the one we are developing which targets a different part of the virus could potentially form an important component of the range of anti-coronavirus treatment options available to attending physicians.
In the area of anticancer drug development, we compete with large publicly and privately held companies engaged in developing new cancer therapies. There are numerous other entities engaged in oncology therapeutics development that have greater resources than the resources presently available to us. Nearly all major pharmaceutical companies including Merck, Amgen, Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis, to name a few, have on-going anticancer drug development programs and some of the drugs they may develop could be in direct competition with our own. In addition, a number of smaller companies are working in the area of cancer therapy and could develop drugs that may be in competition with ours.
Similarly, our OTC products compete within a very crowded and highly competitive product sector. As of the date of this report, we believe Essential•9™ is the only Essential Amino Acid product that comprises all 9 essential amino acids in capsule form.
Workforce
As of the date of this report we have a total of 52 employees.
Presently, our proprietary drug development activities are subcontracted out to specialized service providers in the U.S., Canada and overseas. We also use consultants for various other activities including marketing, accounting, and IT.
Labor laws in Quebec provide for certain guaranteed minimum entitlements, including minimum wages, maternity leave, medical leave, employee termination conditions, and other similar benefits. Moreover, the Province of Quebec has various language laws governing language use. These laws require corporate operations carried out in the Province of Quebec to be conducted to a large extent, and in some cases entirely, in French. We and our Canadian subsidiaries operating in the Province of Quebec are fully compliant with these laws.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities includes a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities you should consider carefully the specific factors discussed below, together with all of the other information contained in this report. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected by these risks.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have incurred losses and may never achieve profitability
We have an accumulated deficit of $69,084,565 as of December 31, 2024. We incurred a net loss of $5,178,907 for the year ended December 31, 2024, and a net loss of $4,506,044 for the year ended December 31, 2023. We may never achieve profitability.
We are subject to the significant risks associated with the generic pharmaceutical business
Since our acquisition of Nora Pharma in October 2022, we have generated revenues primarily through sales of generic pharmaceutical products in Canada, and we expect this to remain the case for the foreseeable future. Generic pharmaceuticals are, as a general matter, significantly less profitable than innovative medicines.
In recent years, the generic pharmaceutical business has experienced increased volatility in volumes due in large part to global supply chain issues following the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2022, as the global economy has recovered from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has also been experiencing additional macroeconomic pressures such as rising inflation and disruptions to the global supply chain, in part resulting from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. We may experience supply discontinuities due to macroeconomic issues, regulatory actions, including sanctions and trade restrictions, labor disturbances and approval delays, which may impact our ability to timely meet demand in certain instances. These adverse market forces have a direct impact on our overall performance. Any such disruptions could have a material adverse impact on our business and our results of operation and financial condition.
| 7 |
Other risks associated with our generic pharmaceutical business include:
| · | Current macroeconomic conditions are becoming increasingly less stable due to the war in Ukraine, and tensions in the Middle and Far East. Destabilized macroeconomics conditions pose a serious threat to supply chains around the world including those for the generic pharmaceutical business. Nearly all of Nora Pharma’s generic drugs are manufactured outside Canada and the United States and could experience disruptions which would adversely affect our main source of revenue. |
| · | Supply chains discontinuities due to other issues, including unforeseen regulatory actions, economic sanctions, trade restrictions, labor disturbances and approval delays, may impact our ability to timely meet customer demand in certain instances. These adverse market forces would have a direct impact on our ability to achieve our sales projections. |
| · | A significant portion of Nora Pharma’s revenues are derived from relatively few key customers, and any financial difficulties experienced by a single key customer, or any delay in receiving payments from such a customer, could have a material adverse effect on Nora Pharma’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
| · | If Nora Pharma encounters difficulties in executing launches of new products, it may not be able to offset the increasing price erosion on existing products resulting from pricing pressures and accelerated generics approvals for competitors. Such unsuccessful launches can be caused by many factors, including delays in regulatory approvals, lack of operational or clinical readiness or patent litigation. Failure or delays to execute launches of new generic products could have a material adverse effect on Nora Pharma’s business and its ability to realize projected sales. |
Sales of our generic products may be adversely affected by the drug regulatory environment in Canada
Currently we sell our generic drugs only in Canada. Our net sales may be affected by fluctuations in the buying patterns of our customers resulting from government lead pricing pressures and other factors. Our generic sales in Canada are done via retail pharmacies, pharmacy channels, distributors, and wholesalers. Pricing pressures in Canada represent the highest risk due to ongoing and unresolved negotiations between the pharmaceutical industry and the federal government. Any financial difficulties experienced by a single key customer, or any delay in receiving payments from such a customer, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our revenues from generic products may decline as a result of competition from other pharmaceutical companies and changes in regulatory policy
Our generic drugs face intense competition. Prices of generic drugs may, and often do, decline, sometimes dramatically, especially as additional generic pharmaceutical companies receive approvals and enter the market for a given product and competition intensifies. Consequently, our ability to sustain our sales and profitability on any given product over time is affected by the number of companies selling such product, including new market entrants, and the timing of their approvals.
Furthermore, brand pharmaceutical companies continue to manage products in a challenging environment through marketing agreements with payers, pharmacy benefits managers and generic manufacturers. For example, brand companies often sell or license their own generic versions of their products, either directly or through other generic pharmaceutical companies (so-called “authorized generics”). No significant regulatory approvals are required for authorized generics, and brand companies do not face any other significant barriers to entry into such market. Brand companies may seek to delay introduction of generic equivalents through a variety of commercial and regulatory tactics. These actions may increase the costs and risks of our efforts to introduce generic products and may delay or prevent such introductions altogether.
| 8 |
We may experience delays in launching our new generic products
If we cannot execute timely launches of new products, we may not be able to offset the increasing price erosion on existing products resulting from pricing pressures and accelerated generics approvals for competing products. Such unsuccessful launches can be caused by many factors, including delays in regulatory approvals, lack of operational or clinical readiness or patent litigation. Failure or delays in executing launches of new generic products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may not receive required regulatory approval for any of our non-generic pharmaceutical product candidates
We have not received approval for any of our proprietary (non-generic) drug development operations product candidates from the FDA. Any compounds we discover or in-license will require extensive and costly development, preclinical testing and clinical trials prior to seeking regulatory approval for commercial sales. Our most advanced product candidate, K1.1 mRNA and our potential Covid-19 treatment in development may never be approved for commercial sale. We have not made any filings to date with the FDA or other regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions. The time required to attain product sales and profitability is expensive, lengthy and highly uncertain. If we fail to obtain required regulatory approvals for our pharmaceutical product candidates our business will be materially harmed.
As we have no approved non-generic pharmaceutical products on the market, we do not expect to generate significant revenues from non-generic pharmaceutical product sales in the foreseeable future, if at all
To date, we have no approved non-generic pharmaceutical products on the market and have generated product revenues largely from our generic pharmaceutical product sales. We have funded our operations primarily from sales of our securities. We have not received, and do not expect to receive, for the foreseeable future, if at all, any revenues from the commercialization of our non-generic pharmaceutical product candidates. To obtain revenues from sales of such pharmaceutical product candidates we must succeed, either alone or with third parties, in developing, obtaining regulatory approval for manufacturing, marketing and distributing drugs with commercial potential. We may never succeed in these activities, and we may not generate sufficient revenues to continue our business operations or achieve profitability.
We will require additional funding to satisfy our future capital needs, which may not be available
We will require significant additional funding for our operations, including future preclinical and clinical testing costs, and insufficient sales revenues in the near future. We do not know whether additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms or at all. If we cannot raise additional funds, we may be required to reduce our capital expenditures, scale back product development programs, reduce our workforce and license to others products or technologies that we may otherwise be able to commercialize. We are currently unable to project when or whether our operations will generate positive cash flow.
Any additional equity securities we issue or issuances of debt we may enter into or undertake may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of common stock. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
| 9 |
We may be sued or become a party to litigation, which could require significant management time and attention and result in significant legal expenses and may result in an unfavorable outcome which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow
We may be forced to incur costs and expenses in connection with defending ourselves with respect to litigation and the payment of any settlement or judgment in connection therewith if there is an unfavorable outcome. The expense of defending litigation may be significant. The amount of time to resolve lawsuits is unpredictable and defending ourselves may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, an unfavorable outcome in any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.
If we are unable to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical, and key management personnel, or if our key executive, Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, discontinues his employment with us, it may delay our research and development efforts
We rely on the services of Dr. Slilaty for strategic and operational management, as well as for scientific and/or medical expertise in the development of our products. The loss of Dr. Slilaty would result in a significant negative impact on our ability to implement our business plan. The loss of Dr. Slilaty will also significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.
Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks and we may be unable to acquire and maintain sufficient insurance to provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities
Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products. The use of our products by our customers exposes us to the possibility of product liability claims and possible adverse publicity. These risks will increase to the extent our pharmaceutical product candidates receive regulatory approval and are commercialized. We currently have product liability insurance for our generic drugs and OTC products and we plan to obtain product liability insurance in connection with clinical trials of our pharmaceutical product candidates in the near future. However, our current and future product liability insurance may not provide adequate protection against potential liabilities. On occasion, juries have awarded large judgments in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. A successful product liability claim, or series of claims brought against us would decrease our cash reserves and could cause our stock price to fall significantly.
| 10 |
We face regulation and risks related to hazardous materials and environmental laws, violations of which may subject us to claims for damages or fines that could materially affect our business, cash flow, financial condition and results of operations
Our research and development activities involve the use of controlled and/or hazardous materials and chemicals. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages or fines that result, and the liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are also subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations or with the conditions attached to our operating licenses, the licenses could be revoked, and we could be subjected to criminal sanctions and substantial liability or be required to suspend or modify our operations. In addition, we may have to incur significant costs to comply with future environmental laws and regulations. We do not currently have a pollution and remediation insurance policy.
Third party manufacturers may not be able to manufacture our pharmaceutical product candidates, which would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates
If any of our pharmaceutical product candidates is approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for commercial sale, we will need third parties to manufacture the product in larger quantities. If we are able to reach an agreement with any collaborator or third-party manufacturer in the future, of which there can be no assurance, these collaborators and/or third-party manufacturers may not be able to increase their manufacturing capacity for any of our product candidates in a timely or economic manner, or at all. Significant scale-up of manufacturing may require additional validation studies, which the FDA must review and approve. If we are unable to increase the manufacturing capacity for a product candidate successfully, the regulatory approval or commercial launch of that product candidate may be delayed or there may be a shortage in the supply of the product candidate. Our product candidates require precise, high-quality manufacturing. The failure of collaborators or third-party manufacturers to achieve and maintain these high manufacturing standards, including the incidence of manufacturing errors, could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in product testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that could seriously harm our business.
If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities for our pharmaceutical product candidates or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any such products we may develop, we may be unable to generate revenues from our non-generic pharmaceutical business
We do not currently have product sales and marketing capabilities for our non-generic pharmaceutical operations. If we receive regulatory approval to commence commercial sales of any of our pharmaceutical product candidates, we will have to establish a sales and marketing organization with appropriate technical expertise and distribution capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services in other jurisdictions. If we receive approval in applicable jurisdictions to commercialize any of our pharmaceutical products candidates, we intend to engage additional pharmaceutical or health care companies with existing distribution systems and direct sales organizations to assist us in North America and throughout the world. We may not be able to negotiate favorable distribution partnering arrangements, if at all. To the extent we enter into co-promotion or other licensing arrangements, any revenues we receive will depend on the efforts of third parties and will not be under our control. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, our ability to generate product revenues, and become profitable, would be severely limited.
Even if we obtain required US and foreign regulatory approvals, as applicable, factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize our pharmaceutical product candidates without strategic partners or licensees include:
| · | difficulty recruiting and retaining adequate numbers of effective sales and marketing personnel; | |
| · | the inability of sales personnel to obtain access to, or persuade adequate numbers of, physicians to prescribe our products; | |
| · | the lack of complementary products to be offered by sales personnel, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage against companies with broader product lines; and | |
| · | unforeseen costs associated with creating an independent sales and marketing organization. |
| 11 |
Even if we successfully develop and obtain approval for our proprietary drug product candidates, our business will not be profitable if such products do not achieve and maintain market acceptance
Even if our proprietary drug product candidates are approved for commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the degree of market acceptance of our approved product candidates by physicians, healthcare professionals, patients and third-party payors, and our resulting profitability and growth, will depend on a number of factors, including:
| · | our ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety and efficacy; | |
| · | relative convenience and ease of administration; | |
| · | the prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects; | |
| · | the availability of alternative treatments; | |
| · | the details of FDA labeling requirements, including the scope of approved indications and any safety warnings; | |
| · | pricing and cost effectiveness; | |
| · | the effectiveness of our or our collaborators' sales and marketing strategy; | |
| · | our ability to obtain sufficient third-party insurance coverage or reimbursement; and | |
| · | our ability to have the product listed on insurance company formularies. |
If our proprietary drug product candidates achieve market acceptance, we may not maintain that market acceptance over time if new products or technologies are introduced that are received more favorably or are more cost effective. Complications may also arise, such as development of new know-how or new medical or therapeutic capabilities by other parties that render our product obsolete.
Because the results of preclinical studies for our preclinical product candidates are not necessarily predictive of future results, our pharmaceutical product candidates may not have favorable results in later clinical trials or ultimately receive regulatory approval
Our proprietary drug product candidates have not been tested in clinical trials. Positive results from preclinical studies are no assurance that later clinical trials will succeed. Preclinical studies are not designed to establish the clinical efficacy of our preclinical product candidates. We will be required to demonstrate through clinical trials that our product candidates are safe and effective for use before we can seek regulatory approvals for commercial sale. There is typically an extremely high rate of failure as product candidates proceed through the various phases of clinical trials. If our product candidates fail to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy in any clinical trial, we would experience potentially significant delays in, or be required to abandon, development of that product candidate. This would adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and may damage our reputation in the industry and in the investment community.
The future clinical testing of our proprietary drug product candidates could be delayed, resulting in increased costs to us and a delay in our ability to generate revenues
Our proprietary drug product candidates will require additional preclinical testing and extensive clinical trials prior to submission of a regulatory application for commercial sales. We do not know whether clinical trials will begin on time, if at all. Delays in the commencement of clinical testing could significantly increase our product development costs and delay product commercialization. In addition, many of the factors that may cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate. Each of these results would adversely affect our ability to generate revenues.
The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in:
| · | demonstrating sufficient safety to obtain regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial; | |
| · | reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective research organizations and trial sites; | |
| · | manufacturing sufficient quantities of a product candidate; | |
| · | obtaining institutional review board approvals to conduct clinical trials at prospective sites; and | |
| · | procuring adequate financing to fund the work. |
| 12 |
In addition, the commencement of clinical trials may be delayed due to insufficient patient enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, and the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial. If we are unable to enroll a sufficient number of evaluable patients, the clinical trials for our product candidates could be delayed until sufficient numbers are achieved.
We face or will face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete effectively
Most of our pharmaceutical company competitors, such as Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Amgen, and others, are large pharmaceutical companies with substantially greater financial, technical, and human resources than we have. The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. The drugs that we are attempting to develop will compete with existing therapies if we receive marketing approval. Because of their significant resources, our competitors may be able to use discovery technologies and techniques, or partnerships with collaborators, to develop competing products that are more effective or less costly than the product candidate we are developing. This may render our technology or product candidate obsolete and noncompetitive. Academic institutions, government agencies, and other public and private research organizations may seek patent protection with respect to potentially competitive products or technologies and may establish exclusive collaborative or licensing relationships with our competitors.
Our competitors may succeed in obtaining FDA or other regulatory approvals for product candidates more rapidly than us. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before we do may achieve a significant competitive advantage, including certain FDA marketing exclusivity rights that would delay or prevent our ability to market certain products. Any approved drugs resulting from our research and development efforts, or from our joint efforts with our existing or future collaborative partners, might not be able to compete successfully with our competitors' existing or future products.
Because our proprietary drug product candidates and our development and collaboration efforts depend on our intellectual property rights, adverse events affecting our intellectual property rights will harm our ability to commercialize products
Our success will depend to a large degree on our own and our licensors’ ability to obtain and defend patents for each party's respective technologies and the compounds and other products, if any, resulting from the application of such technologies. The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and technical questions. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that will be allowed or maintained, after challenge, in our or other companies' patents.
The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:
| · | we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications; | |
| · | we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions; | |
| · | others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies; | |
| · | any patents issued to us or our collaborators will provide a basis for commercially viable products, will provide us with any competitive advantages, or will not be challenged by third parties; | |
| · | our pending patent applications will result in issued patents; | |
| · | we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; | |
| · | the patents of others will not have a negative effect on our ability to do business; or | |
| · | our issued patents will have sufficient useful life remaining for commercial viability of our product candidate. |
| 13 |
If we cannot maintain the confidentiality of our technology and other confidential information in connection with our collaborations, then our ability to receive patent protection or protect our proprietary information will be impaired. In addition, some of the technology we have developed or licensed relies on inventions developed using U.S. and other governments’ resources. Under applicable law, the U.S. government has the right to require us to grant a nonexclusive, partially exclusive or exclusive license for such technology to a responsible applicant or applicants, upon terms that are reasonable under the circumstances, if the government determines that such action is necessary.
Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information and may not adequately protect our intellectual property
We rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, particularly when we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information nor result in the effective assignment to us of intellectual property and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or other breaches of the agreements. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such case, we could not assert any trade secret rights against such party. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States may be less willing to protect trade secrets. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to seek to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.
The implementation of our business plan may result in a period of rapid growth that will impose a significant burden on our current administrative and operational resources
Our ability to effectively manage our growth will require us to substantially expand the capabilities of our administrative and operational resources by attracting, training, managing, and retaining additional qualified personnel, including additional members of management, technicians, and others. To successfully develop our products, we will need to manage operating, producing, marketing and selling our products. There can be no assurances that we will be able to do so. Our failure to successfully manage our growth will have a negative impact on our anticipated results of operations.
A significant or prolonged economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
A significant or prolonged economic downturn may adversely affect the disposable income of many consumers and may lower demand for some of our products. Any decline in economic conditions could negatively impact our business. A significant decline in consumer demand, even if only due in part to general economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profit margins.
The failure of our service providers and suppliers to supply quality services and materials in sufficient quantities, at a favorable price, and in a timely fashion could adversely affect the results of our operations
Our outside manufacturers buy raw materials from a limited number of suppliers. The loss of any of our major suppliers or of any supplier who, through our contract manufacturer, provides us materials that are hard to obtain elsewhere at the same quality could adversely affect our business operations. Although we believe we could establish alternate manufacturers and sources for most of our raw materials, any delay in locating and establishing relationships with other sources could result in shortages of products we manufacture from such raw materials, with a resulting loss of sales and customers.
| 14 |
A shortage of raw materials or an unexpected interruption of supply could also result in higher prices for those materials. We have experienced increases in various raw material costs, transportation costs and the cost of petroleum-based raw materials and packaging supplies used in our business. Increasing cost pricing pressures on raw materials and other products occurred throughout fiscal 2023 as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and the impact of Covid-19. We expect these upward pressures to continue through fiscal 2024. Although we may be able to raise our prices in response to significant increases in the cost of raw materials, we may not be able to raise prices sufficiently or quickly enough to offset the negative effects such cost increases could have on our results of operations or financial condition.
There can be no assurance suppliers will provide the quality raw materials we need in the quantities requested or at a price we are willing to pay. Because we do not control the actual production of these raw materials, we are also subject to delays caused by interruption in production of materials including but not limited to those resulting from conditions outside of our control, such as pandemics, weather, transportation interruptions, strikes, terrorism, geopolitics, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events.
Our business is subject to the effects of adverse publicity, which could negatively affect our sales and revenues
Our business can be affected by adverse publicity or negative public perception about us, our competitors, our products, or our industry or competitors generally. Adverse publicity may include publicity about the efficacy, safety and quality of health care products or ingredients in general or our products or ingredients specifically, and regulatory investigations, regardless of whether these investigations involve us or the business practices or products of our competitors, or our customers. Any adverse publicity or negative public perception could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if any of our products or any similar products distributed by other companies are alleged to be or are proved to be harmful to consumers or to have unanticipated and unwanted health consequences.
Our manufacturing and third-party fulfillment activities are subject to certain risks
Our products are manufactured at third party manufacturing facilities in Canada and overseas. As a result, we are dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of these facilities. Such manufacturing operations, and those of their suppliers, are subject to power failures, blackouts, border shutdowns, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, human error, breakdown, failure or substandard performance. The occurrence of these or any other operational problems, including the improper installation or operation of equipment, terrorism, pandemics (including COVID-19), natural or other disasters, intentional acts of violence, and the need to comply with the requirements or directives of governmental agencies, including the FDA and Health Canada may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
There is significant volatility in the price and trading volume of our common stock, and investors may find it difficult to buy and sell our shares
Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market since February 15, 2022. The price and daily trading volume of our common stock have been very volatile and may continue to be so, and any significant trading volume in our common stock may not be maintained. These factors may have an adverse impact on the trading and price of our common stock.
| 15 |
If we are unable to continue to meet the listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock will be delisted
Our common stock currently trades on Nasdaq, where it is subject to various listing requirements.
On February 28, 2024, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq advising that Nasdaq’s staff had determined that as of February 27, 2024, our common stock had a closing bid price of $0.10 or less for ten consecutive trading days and accordingly, we were subject to the provisions contemplated under Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A)(iii). Accordingly, Nasdaq determined to remove our securities from listing and registration on Nasdaq, subject to the procedures set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5800 Series which provides us with the opportunity to appeal this determination.
On June 7, 2024, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq, that based on further review of our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and supporting materials submitted to Nasdaq, its staff determined to delist our securities pursuant to its discretionary authority under Listing Rule 5101. Specifically, as set forth in the letter, Nasdaq’s staff determined that the “alternative cashless exercise” provision of the Series A Warrants the Company issued on February 15, 2024, raised public interest and investor protection concerns because the issuance of Series A Warrants resulted in substantial dilution for the stockholders of the Company to date and could cause potential future dilution. Accordingly, as set forth in the letter, this matter served as an additional basis for delisting the Company’s securities from The Nasdaq Stock Market.
The letter served as a formal notification that the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) would consider this matter in their decision regarding our continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market.
On September 9, 2024, we received a letter from Nasdaq confirming that we had regained compliance with the bid price requirement in Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”), as required by the Panel’s decision dated June 28, 2024.
The letter further stated that the Company will be subject to a Mandatory Panel Monitor for a period of one year. If, within that one-year monitoring period, the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications staff (“Nasdaq Staff”) finds the Company again out of compliance with the Bid Price Rule, the Company will not be permitted to provide the Staff with a plan of compliance with respect to that deficiency and Staff will not be permitted to grant additional time for the Company to regain compliance with respect to that deficiency, nor will the Company be afforded an applicable cure or compliance period pursuant to Rule 5810(c)(3). Instead, the Nasdaq Staff will issue a Delist Determination Letter and the Company will have an opportunity to request a new hearing with the initial Panel or a newly convened Hearings Panel if the initial Panel is unavailable. The Company will have the opportunity to respond/present to the Hearings Panel as provided by Listing Rule 5815(d)(4)(C). The Company’s securities may be delisted from Nasdaq at that time.
We may be unable to maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements. If we are unable to maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements, we could be subject to suspension and delisting proceedings. A delisting of our common stock and our inability to list on another national securities market could negatively impact us by: (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of our common stock; (ii) reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock, which could negatively impact our ability to raise equity financing; (iii) limiting our ability to use certain registration statements to offer and sell freely tradeable securities, thereby limiting our ability to access the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing our ability to provide equity incentives to our employees.
We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future
We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we currently anticipate that we will retain any earnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. Investors should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividend can further affect the market value of our common stock and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.
| 16 |
Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock
Our board of directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 30,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock are designated Series B Preferred Stock and as of the date of this Report, 130,000 of such shares are outstanding and held by our Chief Executive Officer. Our board of directors could authorize the creation of additional series of preferred stock that would grant to holders of preferred stock the right to our assets upon liquidation, or the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders of common stock. In addition, subject to the rules of any securities exchange on which our stock is then listed, our board of directors could authorize the creation of additional series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.
Additional stock offerings in the future or the issuance of stock upon exercise of outstanding warrants may dilute then-existing shareholders’ percentage ownership in our Company
Given our plans and expectations that we will need additional capital and personnel, we anticipate that we will need to issue additional shares of common stock or securities convertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. In addition, as of the date of filing of this report, we had 12,226,549 Series B Warrants issued and outstanding, each exercisable to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.79 per warrant.. The issuance of additional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of our current stockholders.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Our Company recognizes the critical importance of cybersecurity in protecting our sensitive data, intellectual property, and the personal information of our employees and partners. We have implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management program that includes the following key components:
Risk Assessment and Management
We conduct regular risk assessments to identify and evaluate potential cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. Our risk management framework is aligned with industry standards such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) and ISO 27001. We continuously monitor and update our cybersecurity measures to address emerging threats and ensure the protection of our assets.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our management oversees our cybersecurity risk management efforts. Our senior management team is actively involved in cybersecurity policies, procedures and strategy development.
Incident Response and Recovery
We have a robust incident response plan in place to quickly detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity incidents. We collaborate with external cybersecurity experts and law enforcement agencies to enhance our incident response capabilities.
| 17 |
Employee Training and Awareness
We provide ongoing cybersecurity training and awareness programs for all employees to promote a culture of security. Our training programs cover topics such as phishing prevention, secure data handling, and recognizing potential cyber threats.
Third-Party Risk Management
We assess the cybersecurity practices of our third-party vendors and partners to ensure they meet our security standards. Our contracts with third parties include provisions for cybersecurity requirements and incident reporting.
Regulatory Compliance
We comply with all relevant cybersecurity regulations and standards, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We regularly review and update our cybersecurity policies and procedures to ensure compliance with evolving regulatory requirements.
Investments in Cybersecurity
We continuously invest in advanced cybersecurity technologies, including threat detection and prevention systems, encryption, and secure access controls. Our cybersecurity is part of our overall budget which is reviewed and approved by our board of directors to ensure adequate resources are allocated to protect our assets.
Cybersecurity Incidents
During the past fiscal year, we experienced no cybersecurity incidents.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal place of business is located at 333 Las Olas Way, CU4 Suite 433, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301. We are not party to a lease agreement in connection with this office space. We pay rent month-to-month and have access to additional space on a pay-per-use basis. We believe this space is sufficient for our needs for the next year.
Our wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma, currently occupies a 23,500 square foot facility located at 1565 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada, J3X 1P7 pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in January 2030, with an option to extend for 5 years. This site is composed of 18,500 square feet of warehouse space and 5,000 square feet of executive office space. The facility houses all administrative, marketing, quality control, regulatory affairs, and other operations personal, as well as a Health Canada licensed warehouse space. We pay a monthly rent of $27,250 CAD (approximately $19,900 USD), including taxes. We estimate that this facility is adequate for annual sales of approximately $50 to $75 million, past which we will need to find additional space. We classified this lease as an operating lease but we account for liabilities and benefits resulting therefrom.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not party to, and our property is not the subject of, any legal proceedings nor are we aware of any threats of such actions against us.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
| 18 |
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SBFM”. As of April 1, 2025, we had a total of 2,707,541 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. We also have tradeable warrants exercisable to purchase shares of our common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SBFMW.” As of April 1, 2025, we had 482 tradeable warrants outstanding exercisable at $220.00 per warrant.
As of April 1, 2025, there were approximately 149 holders of record of our common stock, not including those holding their shares in “street name.”
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2024:
Plan Category |
Number
of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Number
of Securities Future
Issuance Under |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders* | – | – | 1,661 |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | – | – | – |
*Represents our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.
Dividend Policy
We have not paid any dividends since our incorporation and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. At present, our policy is to retain earnings, if any, to develop and market our products. Our payment of dividends in the future will depend upon, among other factors, our earnings, capital requirements, and operating financial conditions.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
| 19 |
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion highlights the principal factors that have affected our financial condition and results of operations as well as our liquidity and capital resources for the periods described. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please see “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these forward-looking statements.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Results of Operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we generated revenues of $34,874,283, compared to revenues of $24,092,787 in 2023. The increase of approximately $10.8 million was the result of expansion of Nora Pharma sales efforts in the Province of Quebec as well as entry into the Provinces of Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. Another contributing factor was the increased number of products offered by Nora Pharma, which increased by 5 during 2024. The cost of sales in 2024 and 2023 for generating these revenues was $24,204,489 (69.4%) and $15,753,616 (65.4%), respectively. The 4% increase in the cost of sales in 2024 was due to higher professional allowances incurred on the sale of products outside the Province of Quebec. In the Province of Quebec, professional allowances are capped by government regulations.
General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, were $16,481,915, compared to $13,124,470 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $3,357,445. This relatively modest increase occurred in connection with Nora Pharma’s expansion of sales operations.
We had interest income of $496,003 in 2024, compared to interest income of $811,974 in 2023. The decrease was due to reduced interest rates and less cash on hand in 2024.
As a result, we incurred a net loss of $5,134,116 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to a net loss of $4,506,044 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $9,686,529.
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, we received aggregate proceeds of $3,558,812 in connection with warrant exercises.
On May 16, 2023, we completed a private placement of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of approximately $5 million. We received net proceeds of approximately $4.1 million from the private placement.
On February 11, 2024, we redeemed all of the April Warrants and all of the May Investor Warrants for an aggregate purchase price of $3,139,651.
On February 15, 2024, we completed an underwritten public offering and in connection therewith, we issued an aggregate of 35,714 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of $8,522,411.
On January 3, 2025, we issued 127,443 shares of common stock upon the exercise of 127,443 Series B Warrants and received $355,298 in net proceeds.
Cash flows used in investing activities were $2,320,847 during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $656,150 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The reason for the increase was due to the acquisition of intangible assets and equipment for Nora Pharma operations. Net cash flows provided by financing activities were $9,289,507 in 2024, compared to $3,425,587 in 2023. The increase was primarily due to a larger financing event in 2024 than in 2023 and the exercise of more warrants in 2024 than in 2023. Net cash used in operations was $12,531,180 in 2024, compared to $8,775,111 in 2023. The increase was due to expansion of Nora Pharma’s operations and increase in inventory.
| 20 |
We believe our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our pharmaceuticals sales operations and research and development activities for the next 24 months. There is no assurance our estimates will be accurate. We have no committed sources of capital and we anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital in the future, including for further research and development activities and possibly clinical trials, as well as expansion of our generic pharmaceutical operations. Additional capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Leases
We follow the guidance in ASC 842 “Accounting for Leases,” as amended, which requires us to evaluate the lease agreements we enter into to determine whether they represent operating or capital leases at the inception of the lease.
Our wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma, currently occupies a 23,500 square foot facility located at 1565 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada, J3X 1P7 pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in January 2030, with an option to extend for 5 years. This site is composed of 18,500 square feet of warehouse space and 5,000 square feet of executive office space. The facility houses all administrative, marketing, quality control, regulatory affairs, and other operations personal, as well as a Health Canada licensed warehouse space. We pay monthly rent of $27,250 CAD (approximately $19,900 USD), including taxes. We treat this lease as an operating lease but account for liabilities and benefits resulting therefrom.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
We have adopted all new accounting standards impacting operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not required for a smaller reporting company.
| 21 |
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows, for the period ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the entity’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
/s/ Bush & Associates CPA LLC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
Henderson, Nevada
April 1, 2025
PCAOB ID Number 6797
| 22 |
Sunshine Biopharma Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,686,529 | $ | 16,292,347 | ||||
| Accounts receivable | 3,868,418 | 2,552,362 | ||||||
| Inventory | 11,278,105 | 5,734,755 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 1,133,297 | 310,591 | ||||||
| Total Current Assets | 25,966,349 | 24,890,055 | ||||||
| Long-Term Assets: | ||||||||
| Property & equipment | 546,055 | 365,868 | ||||||
| Intangible assets | 3,019,717 | 1,444,259 | ||||||
| Deferred tax asset | 92,234 | – | ||||||
| Right-of-use-asset | 936,037 | 646,779 | ||||||
| Total Long-Term Assets | 4,594,043 | 2,456,906 | ||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 30,560,392 | $ | 27,346,961 | ||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable & accrued expenses | $ | 5,543,085 | $ | 2,585,466 | ||||
| Earnout payable | 295,797 | 2,547,831 | ||||||
| Income tax payable | 268,276 | 299,869 | ||||||
| Current portion - right-of-use-liability | 207,756 | 118,670 | ||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 6,314,914 | 5,551,836 | ||||||
| Long-Term Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liability | – | 48,729 | ||||||
| Right-of-use-liability | 744,724 | 539,035 | ||||||
| Total Long-Term Liabilities | 744,724 | 587,764 | ||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 7,059,638 | 6,139,600 | ||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| Preferred Stock, Series B $ par value per share; shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 13,000 | 1,000 | ||||||
| Common Stock, $ par value per share; shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 2,580 | 14 | ||||||
| Capital paid in excess of par value | 93,354,907 | 84,415,900 | ||||||
| Accumulated comprehensive income | (829,959 | ) | 696,105 | |||||
| Accumulated (Deficit) | (69,039,774 | ) | (63,905,658 | ) | ||||
| TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | 23,500,754 | 21,207,361 | ||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 30,560,392 | $ | 27,346,961 | ||||
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements
| 23 |
Sunshine Biopharma Inc.
Consolidated Statement Of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | 34,874,283 | $ | 24,092,787 | ||||
| Cost of sales | 24,204,489 | 15,753,616 | ||||||
| Gross profit | 10,669,794 | 8,339,171 | ||||||
| General & Administrative Expenses: | ||||||||
| Accounting | 967,614 | 463,705 | ||||||
| Consulting | 925,188 | 850,173 | ||||||
| Director fees | 400,000 | 400,000 | ||||||
| Legal | 875,698 | 512,199 | ||||||
| Marketing | 940,278 | 734,248 | ||||||
| Office | 3,110,026 | 2,142,355 | ||||||
| Patent fees | – | 14,108 | ||||||
| R&D | 933,902 | 1,855,830 | ||||||
| Salaries | 7,718,677 | 5,712,968 | ||||||
| Taxes | 387,005 | 289,737 | ||||||
| Depreciation & amortization | 223,527 | 149,147 | ||||||
| Total General & Administrative Expenses | 16,481,915 | 13,124,470 | ||||||
| (Loss) from operations | (5,812,121 | ) | (4,785,299 | ) | ||||
| Other Income (expense): | ||||||||
| Foreign exchange gain (loss) | (44,082 | ) | (245 | ) | ||||
| Interest income | 496,003 | 811,974 | ||||||
| Interest expense | (8,774 | ) | (137,308 | ) | ||||
| Total Other Income (Expense) | 443,147 | 674,421 | ||||||
| Net (loss) before income taxes | (5,368,974 | ) | (4,110,878 | ) | ||||
| Provision for income taxes | (234,858 | ) | 395,166 | |||||
| Net (Loss) | $ | (5,134,116 | ) | $ | (4,506,044 | ) | ||
| Other comprehensive income: | ||||||||
| Gain (Loss) from foreign exchange translation | (1,526,064 | ) | 534,258 | |||||
| Comprehensive (Loss) | $ | (6,660,180 | ) | $ | (3,971,786 | ) | ||
| Earnings (Loss) per common share (Basic & Diluted) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
| Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Basic & Diluted) | ||||||||
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.
| 24 |
Sunshine Biopharma Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net (Loss) | $ | (5,134,116 | ) | $ | (4,506,044 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 223,527 | 149,147 | ||||||
| Income tax benefit | – | – | ||||||
| Stock issued for services | 12,000 | – | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | (2,338,195 | ) | (594,141 | ) | ||||
| Inventory | (6,006,864 | ) | (2,365,549 | ) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses | (207,167 | ) | (21,143 | ) | ||||
| Accounts Payable & accrued expenses | 3,983,749 | (1,364,134 | ) | |||||
| Earn-out payable | (2,252,034 | ) | – | |||||
| Income tax payable | (812,080 | ) | (73,247 | ) | ||||
| Net Cash Flows (Used In) Operating Activities | (12,531,180 | ) | (8,775,111 | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | ||||||||
| Reduction in right-of-use asset | (341,534 | ) | 131,949 | |||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | (322,258 | ) | (705,848 | ) | ||||
| Purchase of equipment | (1,657,055 | ) | (82,251 | ) | ||||
| Net Cash Flows (Used In) Investing Activities | (2,320,847 | ) | (656,150 | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from public offering net (common stock) | 8,522,411 | 4,089,218 | ||||||
| Exercise of warrants | 3,558,812 | 3,502 | ||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | (3,139,651 | ) | (541,143 | ) | ||||
| Lease liability | 347,935 | (125,990 | ) | |||||
| Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities | 9,289,507 | 3,425,587 | ||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period | 16,292,347 | 21,826,437 | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (5,562,520 | ) | (6,005,674 | ) | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | – | (62,674 | ) | |||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (1,043,298 | ) | 534,258 | |||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | $ | 9,686,529 | $ | 16,292,347 | ||||
| Supplementary Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 582,483 | $ | – | ||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 8,126 | $ | – | ||||
| Stock issued for services | $ | 12,000 | $ | – | ||||
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements
| 25 |
Sunshine Biopharma Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
| Number Of Common Shares | Common | Capital Paid in Excess of Par | Number Of Preferred Shares | Preferred | Compre- hensive | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issued | Stock | Value | Issued | Stock | Income | Deficit | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2023 | 14,012 | $ | 14 | $ | 84,415,900 | 10,000 | $ | 1,000 | $ | 696,105 | $ | (63,905,658 | ) | $ | 21,207,361 | |||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock issued to related party | – | 120,000 | 12,000 | 12,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued in an underwritten offering | 13,214 | 13 | 8,522,398 | – | 8,522,411 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | 2,552,872 | 2,554 | 3,556,260 | – | 3,558,812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of warrants | – | (3,139,651 | ) | – | (3,139,651 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) | – | – | (1,526,064 | ) | (5,134,116 | ) | (6,660,180 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | 2,580,098 | $ | 2,580 | $ | 93,354,907 | 130,000 | $ | 13,000 | $ | (829,959 | ) | $ | (69,039,774 | ) | $ | 23,500,754 | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2022 | 11,293 | $ | 11 | $ | 80,864,326 | 10,000 | $ | 1,000 | $ | 161,847 | $ | (59,399,614 | ) | $ | 21,627,570 | |||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Stock | (257 | ) | (541,143 | ) | – | (541,143 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock and prefunded warrants issued in a private offering | 1,225 | 1 | 4,089,217 | – | 4,089,218 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | 1,751 | 2 | 3,500 | – | 3,502 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) | – | – | 534,258 | (4,506,044 | ) | (3,971,786 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | 14,012 | $ | 14 | $ | 84,415,900 | 10,000 | $ | 1,000 | $ | 696,105 | $ | (63,905,658 | ) | $ | 21,207,361 | |||||||||||||||||
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements
| 26 |
Sunshine Biopharma Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2024 and 2023
Note 1 – Description of Business
The Company was incorporated under the name Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc. on August 31, 2006, in the State of Colorado. Effective October 15, 2009, the Company acquired Sunshine Biopharma Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition. Upon completion of the reverse acquisition, the Company changed its name to Sunshine Biopharma Inc. and began operating as a pharmaceutical company.
Sunshine Biopharma has two wholly owned subsidiaries: (i) Nora Pharma Inc. (“Nora Pharma”), a Canadian corporation through which we currently have 70 generic prescription drugs on the market in Canada, and (ii) Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), a Canadian corporation through which we develop and sell nonprescription over-the-counter (“OTC”) supplements. The Company operates the two subsidiaries as a single business segment.
The Company is not subject to material customer concentration risks as it sells its products directly to pharmacies in several Canadian Provinces. However, Provincial governments in Canada reimburse patients for their prescription drug expenditures to various degrees under drug reimbursement programs, making generic drugs prices highly dependent on governmental policies which may change over time. The most recent negotiations between the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (“pCPA”) and the Canadian Generic Pharmaceutical Association resulted in updated generic pricing for certain products which took effect on October 1, 2023. The updated prices are valid for three years and the agreement contains an option to extend for an additional two years. On February 10, 2024, the Pharmacare Act became law in Canada making the Canadian federal government another payor in the generic drugs reimbursement program of the Canadian healthcare system. The Canadian federal government has set aside $1.5 billion CAD to launch Pharmacare. This development further strengthens the Canadian generic drugs market, the Company’s current focus.
In addition, the Company is engaged in the development of the following proprietary drugs:
| · | K1.1 mRNA, a lipid nano-particle (LNP) targeted for liver cancer | |
| · | SBFM-PL4, a protease inhibitor for treatment of Coronavirus infections |
| 27 |
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
This summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist the reader in understanding the Company's financial statements. The consolidated financial statements and notes are representations of the Company's management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements.
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, Nora Pharma Inc. and Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc., both wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant estimates and assumptions made by management are valuation of equity instruments, depreciation of property and equipment, and deferred tax asset valuation. Actual results could differ from those estimates as the current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions. There has been no change in the Company’s estimates since December 31, 2023.
TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS
Trade accounts receivable are stated at net realizable value. The majority of customers are not extended credit and therefore time to maturity for receivables is short. On a periodic basis, management evaluates its trade accounts receivable and determines whether to record an allowance for doubtful accounts or if any accounts should be written off based on a past history of write-offs, collections and current credit conditions. A receivable is considered past due if the Company has not received payments based on agreed-upon terms. The Company generally does not require any security or collateral to support its receivables. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balances of accounts receivable were $3,868,418 and $2,552,362, respectively.
INVENTORY VALUATION
The Company’s inventory is comprised of finished goods. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first in, first out method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the costs necessary to make the sale. The cost of inventory includes the purchase price and other costs directly attributable to the acquisition of the finished goods. The Company regularly reviews inventories to determine if the carrying value exceeds net realizable value and, when determined necessary, a reserve to reduce the carrying value to net realizable value is recorded. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no reserve for obsolescence.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For the Balance Sheets and Statements of Cash Flows, all highly liquid investments with maturity of 90 days or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company had a cash balance of $9,686,529 and $16,292,347 as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At times such cash balances may be in excess of the FDIC limit of $250,000 in the U.S. or the equivalent in Canada.
| 28 |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are reviewed for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may exceed future undiscounted cash inflows. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had not identified any such impairment. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred and improvements and renewals are capitalized.
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated according to the following methods at the following annual rates and period for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for tax purposes. Their estimated useful lives are as follows:
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives according to the following methods at the following annual rates and period:
| Licenses: | Straight-line method | 5 Years |
| Website: | Declining balance method | 55% |
Intangible assets are tested for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable when it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposal. In such a case, an impairment loss must be recognized and is equivalent to the excess of the carrying amount of a long-lived asset over its fair value.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS - PATENTS AND LICENSES
The cost of patents and licenses acquired is capitalized and is amortized over the remaining life of the patents or licenses.
The Company evaluates recoverability of identifiable intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that intangible assets carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances include but are not limited to: (i) a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, (ii) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or (iii) an accumulation of cost significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition of an asset. The Company measures the carrying amount of such assets against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it.
The Company computes gain or loss per share in accordance with ASC 260 – Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the income statement. Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net gain (loss) by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method or the two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. As the Company incurred net losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as the impact would have been anti-dilutive.
| 29 |
INCOME TAXES
In accordance with ASC 740 – Income Taxes, the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method. The liability method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements. The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities have been adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
The Company expects to recognize the financial statement benefit of an uncertain tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would sustain the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a “more-likely-than-not” threshold, the amount to be recognized in the financial statements will be the benefit expected to be realized upon settlement with the tax authority. For tax positions not meeting the threshold, no financial statement benefit is recognized. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions as general and administrative expenses. The Company currently has no federal or state tax examinations nor has it had any federal or state examinations since its inception. To date, the Company has not incurred any interest or tax penalties.
For Canadian and U.S. tax purposes, the Company’s 2021 through 2023 tax years remain open for examination by the tax authorities under the normal three-year statute of limitations.
FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company which is operating in the United States. The functional currency for the Company's Canadian subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar.
The Company translates its Canadian subsidiaries' financial statements into U.S. dollars as follows:
| · | Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date. | |
| · | Income statement accounts are translated using the weighted average exchange rate for the period. |
The Company includes translation adjustments from currency exchange and the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. There are currently no transactions of a long-term investment nature, nor any gains or losses from non-U.S. currency transactions.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISKS
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company applies the provisions of accounting guidance, ASC 825 – Financial Instruments. ASC 825 requires all entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value, and defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair value of cash, accounts receivable and notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other payables approximated carrying value due to the short maturity of the instruments, quoted market prices or interest rates which fluctuate with market rates.
| 30 |
The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).
| · | Level 1 – Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. | |
| · | Level 2 – Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. | |
| · | Level 3 – Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. |
The carrying value of financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value is measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value when a significant event occurs. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities carried and measured on a nonrecurring basis during the reporting periods. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value each time a financial statement is prepared.
NOTES PAYABLE
Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. The Company had no notes payable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Over 99% of the Company’s revenues are derived from the sale of pharmaceutical products. Pharmaceutical products can only be sold to a specific customer that is either a registered pharmacy or a registered wholesaler. The Company therefore sells only to customers registered with Health Canada, the Canadian equivalent of the FDA. Contracts are drawn up between the wholesalers and the Company for all indirect sales. In the case of direct sales to pharmacies, purchase orders are used instead of contracts. A purchase order, forecast, or other written instructions to purchase any of the Company’s products placed by the customer constitutes an irrevocable offer to purchase. The customer is responsible for ensuring that the terms of any such order are complete and accurate. The purchase order is only deemed to be accepted when the Company (in its sole discretion) accepts the purchase order and delivers on the purchase. The acceptance of any purchase order can be full or partial, at the sole discretion of the Company. No variations to these conditions are binding on the Company unless agreed to in writing between the customer and the Company.
No significant judgments are made in connection with any contracts as the price is already determined, the collection is reasonably assured, and performance obligation is fulfilled when the customer receives the goods. The Company is not required to apply any specific judgments, estimations, or assumptions to determine the price of its products.
| 31 |
Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has been transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of revenues. The amount invoiced for each product is fixed at the Company’s current price list on the date of shipping and known in advance by the customer and does not vary.
The Company is involved in a singular activity which is to sell pharmaceutical finished goods. The Company fulfills its performance obligation when the customer receives the requested products. When the products leave the Company's warehouse, the transport to the customer is insured and the transfer of ownership to the customer takes place when the customer receives goods. At this point, the Company issues an invoice for the products and remits the applicable sales taxes (GST and QST) to the appropriate governmental agency. The revenue is recognized when the invoice is issued. Unless otherwise agreed to and signed by both parties, payment terms are within 30 days of the date of the invoice. The collection is reasonably assured because of the nature of the Company’s customers. The Company is conducting sales only in Canada. Prices are listed in Canadian dollars and may vary from one Province or Territory to another within Canada. All products sold by the Company are labelled and approved for sale in Canada only and are not intended for export outside of Canada.
In the event of any breach by the Company of any product warranty (whether by reason of defective materials, production faults or otherwise), the Company’s liability is limited to, at Company’s option, (i) replacement of the product(s) in question, or (ii) reimbursement of the purchase price. The Company carries product insurance and is not liable for products’ failure to comply with the warranty of products if the failure or damage arises because of the customer’s negligence, deliberate damage, misuse or failure to store the products in conditions per Health Canada specifications. The Company is not liable (whether in contract, in tort or otherwise) for any (i) indirect, special or consequential loss or damage, or (ii) loss of profit, goodwill, business or revenue (in each case whether direct or indirect). These conditions also apply to any replacement products supplied by the Company.
The Company warrants to the customer that, at the time of delivery, the products are compliant with all mandatory quality standards required by applicable regulatory and legal requirements. In return, the customer is required to warrant to the Company that it holds all relevant permits and approvals required under applicable laws to purchase, store, distribute, sell and use the Company’s products. Visible defects or damages must be reported to the Company in writing immediately, but no later than five (5) business days after receipt of the products. Hidden defects must be reported to the Company in writing immediately, but no later than five (5) business days after the customer becomes aware of such defects. The Company shall not be deemed to be in breach of the terms or otherwise liable to customer for any delay in performance or non-performance of its obligations due to circumstances beyond its control, including but not limited to, acts of God, floods, droughts, earthquakes or other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, wars, preparations for war, armed conflicts, civil commotions or riots, epidemics or pandemics, fires, strikes, lockouts, shortages of material or labor, breakdown or damage to machinery or equipment, accidents, any law or governmental order or other regulations or action taken by a governmental entity, or default of any third party suppliers or provider of services or products, or any causes not within the Company’s control.
| 32 |
LEASES
The Company recognizes and measures its leases in accordance with FASB ASC 842, Leases. The Company is a lessee in a non-cancellable operating lease for office space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception of a contract and when the terms of an existing contract are changed. The Company recognizes a lease liability and a right-of-use (ROU) asset at the commencement date. The lease liability is initially and subsequently recognized based on the present value of its future lease payments. Variable payments are included in the future lease payments when those variable payments depend on an index or a rate. The discount rate is the implicit rate if it is readily determinable or otherwise the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The implicit rates of the Company's lease are not readily determinable and accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date for all leases. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the 6% interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms and in a similar economic environment. The ROU asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the remaining amount (i.e., present value of the remaining lease payments), plus unamortized initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received, and any impairment recognized. Lease cost for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company has elected, for all underlying classes of assets, not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less at lease commencement, and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The Company recognizes the lease cost associated with its short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Under the available practical expedient, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets as both a lessee and lessor. Further, we elected a short-term lease exception policy on all classes of underlying assets, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of this standard to short-term leases (i.e. leases with terms of 12 months or less).
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
Note 3 – Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc.
On October 20, 2022, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Nora Pharma Inc., a Canadian privately held pharmaceutical company. The purchase price for the shares was $18,860,637 which was paid in cash ($14,346,637) and by the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $4,514,000, or $1.22 per share, on the acquisition date. Nora Pharma sells generic pharmaceutical products in Canada. Nora Pharma’s operations are authorized by a Drug Establishment License issued by Health Canada.
| 33 |
The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price as of October 20, 2022, the acquisition date using Nora Pharma’s balance sheet assets and liabilities:
The value of the 3,700,000 common shares issued as part of the consideration paid for Nora Pharma was determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s common shares on the acquisition date, October 20, 2022 ($1.22 per share).
As part of the consideration for Nora Pharma, the Company agreed to a $5,000,000 CAD ($3,632,000 USD) earnout amount payable to Mr. Malek Chamoun, the seller of Nora Pharma. The earnout is payable in the form of twenty (20) payments of $250,000 CAD for every $1,000,000 CAD increase in gross sales (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) above Nora Pharma’s June 30, 2022 gross sales, provided that his employment with the Company is not terminated pursuant to the Company’s employment agreement with him. The total earnout amount of $3,632,000 has been recorded as a salary payable. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid an earnout amount of $1,426,914 CAD (approximately $1,036,500 USD) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. On April 22, 2024, the Company paid another earnout amount of $3,093,878 CAD (approximately $2,247,400 USD) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The Company anticipates that it will pay the remaining earnout balance of $479,208 CAD ($295,797 USD) in full in April 2025.
Note 4 – Goodwill
The Company acquired Nora Pharma on October 20, 2022. Allocation of the purchase price per ASC 805-20-25-1 yielded a goodwill amount of $18,326,719. The Company’s used a discounted cash flow model which requires estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the acquired entity, discounted to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate and terminal values.
Assessing the recoverability of goodwill requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions about sales, operating margins, growth rates and discount rates based on its budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. Management determined that there are inherent uncertainties related to these factors as well as significant risks to cash flows due to ongoing geopolitical and geo-economics conflicts, making the discounted cash flow model unreliable.
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill of the Company through December 31, 2024. The provisions of ASC 350-20-50-1 require the disclosure of cumulative impairment. As a result of the acquisition, a new basis in goodwill was recorded in accordance with ASC 805-10. All impairments shown in the table below have been recorded subsequent to the acquisition. The Company had no goodwill on its balance sheet prior to the acquisition:
| Schedule of goodwill | ||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | – | ||
| Acquisition of Nora Pharma (October 20, 2022) | 18,326,719 | |||
| Impairment | (18,326,719 | ) | ||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | – | |||
| Additions in 2023 and 2024 | – | |||
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | – | ||
| 34 |
Note 5 – Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2024:
| Schedule of intangible assets | ||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 776,856 | ||
| Dossier fee additions | 710,372 | |||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | 1,487,228 | |||
| Less accumulated amortization | (42,969 | ) | ||
| Finite-lived intangible assets, net at December 31, 2023 | $ | 1,444,259 | ||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 1,444,259 | ||
| Dossier fee additions | 1,651,617 | |||
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | 3,095,876 | |||
| Less accumulated amortization | (76,159 | ) | ||
| Finite-lived intangible assets, net at December 31, 2024 | $ | 3,019,717 | ||
The amortization amounts of intangible assets for 2024 and 2023 were $77,009 and $38,446, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, the estimated amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the next five years is as follows:
| 2025 | $ | 112,707 | ||
| 2026 | 111,600 | |||
| 2027 | 75,293 | |||
| 2028 | 66,969 | |||
| 2029 | 22,527 | |||
Note 6 – Plant, Property and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment begins in the month when the asset is placed into service and is provided using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes at rates based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives range from three to twenty years. Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
| Schedule of property and equipment | ||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Equipment | $ | 336,880 | $ | 171,859 | ||||
| Computer equipment | 53,531 | 7,368 | ||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | 50,686 | 34,132 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 88,306 | 17,664 | ||||||
| Vehicles | 353,185 | 324,841 | ||||||
| Total | 882,588 | 555,864 | ||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (336,533 | ) | (189,996 | ) | ||||
| Plant, property and equipment, net | $ | 546,055 | $ | 365,868 | ||||
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $146,518 and $110,701, respectively.
| 35 |
Note 7 – Inventory
Inventory is comprised of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Finished goods | $ | 11,278,105 | $ | 5,734,755 | ||||
| Allowance for obsolete inventory | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Total Inventory, net of allowance | $ | 11,278,105 | $ | 5,734,755 | ||||
Note 8 – Prepaid Expenses
The prepaid expenses category is comprised of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Prepaid taxes | $ | 657,437 | $ | 9,955 | ||||
| Other prepaid expenses | 475,860 | 300,636 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 1,133,297 | $ | 310,591 | ||||
Note 9 – Cost of Sales
The Company’s cost of goods sold category is comprised of the following:
| Schedule of cost of sales | ||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Finished goods | $ | 8,116,534 | $ | 5,194,988 | ||||
| Professional allowances | 13,047,096 | 8,670,791 | ||||||
| Other allowances | 666,913 | 97,869 | ||||||
| Wholesalers fees & discounts | 1,699,286 | 1,395,201 | ||||||
| Inventory adjustment | 236,555 | 215,779 | ||||||
| Freight | 438,105 | 178,988 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 24,204,489 | $ | 15,753,616 | ||||
Note 10 – Reverse Stock Splits
Effective April 17, 2024 and August 8, 2024, the Company completed 1-for-100 and 1-for-20 reverse splits of its common stock, respectively. The Company had previously completed three (3) reverse stock splits including a 1-for-200 reverse split on February 9, 2022, and two 1-for-20 reverse splits, one in 2019 and the other in 2020. The Company’s financial statements included in this report reflect all five (5) reverse stock splits on a retroactive basis for all periods presented and for all references to common stock, unless specifically stated otherwise.
| 36 |
Note 11 – Capital Stock
The Company’s authorized capital is comprised of shares of common stock, par value $, and shares of preferred stock, $ par value. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had authorized shares of Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is non-convertible and non-redeemable. It has a liquidation preference equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share, relative to the common stock and gives the holder the right to 1,000 votes per share. As of December 31, 2024, shares of Series B Preferred Stock were outstanding and held by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.
On February 17, 2022, the Company completed a public offering and received net proceeds of $6,833,071. Pursuant to the public offering, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “Tradeable Warrants”).
On March 14, 2022, the Company completed a private placement and received net proceeds of $6,781,199. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) shares of its common stock together with investor warrants (“Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to shares of common stock, and (ii) pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with Investor Warrants to purchase up to 651 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying Investor Warrant was sold together at a combined offering price of $4,440 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Investor Warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $4,438. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable, at an exercise price of $2.00, and could be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised in full. The Investor Warrants have an initial exercise price of $4,440 per share (subject to adjustment), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.
On April 28, 2022, the Company completed another private placement and received net proceeds of $16,752,915. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) shares of common stock together with warrants (“April Warrants”) to purchase up to shares of common stock, and (ii) pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with April Warrants to purchase up to 2,390 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $8,020 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $8,018. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $2.00, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The April Warrants have an exercise price of $7,520 per share (subject to adjustment), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.
On October 20, 2022, the Company issued shares of common stock as part of the acquisition of Nora Pharma. These shares were valued at $4,514,000, or $2,440 per share.
On January 19, 2023, the Company announced a stock repurchase program of up to $2 million (“Stock Repurchase Program”).
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of shares of common stock at an average price of $2,274.20 per share for a total cost of $506,822. The 2,228 repurchased shares were cancelled and returned to treasury, reducing the number of issued and outstanding shares from 11,292 to 9,064.
On May 16, 2023, the Company completed a private placement pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor for gross proceeds of approximately $5 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The net proceeds received by the Company were $4,089,218. In connection with the private placement, the Company issued (i) shares of common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “May Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) investor warrants (the “May Warrants”) to purchase up to shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying two May Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $1,680 and each May Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two May Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $1,678. The May Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable, at an exercise price of $2.00, and may be exercised at any time until all of the May Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The May Warrants have an exercise price of $1,180 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth therein), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance.
| 37 |
In 2022 and 2023, the Company issued a total of shares of common stock in connection with warrant exercises for aggregate net proceeds of $13,196,681.
In July 2023, the Company repurchased a total of shares of common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program announced on January 19, 2023, at an average price of $1,009.20 per share for a total cost of $34,321. In October 2023, the 34 repurchased shares were cancelled and returned to treasury reducing the number of issued and outstanding shares from 12,873 to 12,839.
On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which the holders of the majority of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to eliminate the provision that prohibited the Company’s CEO from exercising his voting rights under the Series B Preferred Stock, as well as to lower the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants from $4,440 to $220. The Company entered into the amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement on October 18, 2023.
On November 16, 2023, the Company issued shares of common stock and received net proceeds of $2,346 in connection with the exercise of all 1,173 remaining May Pre-Funded Warrants at an exercise price of $2.00 per share.
On February 8, 2024, the Company issued shares of Series B Preferred Stock to the Company’s CEO for a purchase price of $ per share.
On February 15, 2024, the Company completed an underwritten public offering and in connection therewith it issued an aggregate of shares of common stock, of which shares were issued in connection with pre-funded warrant exercises.
On March 4, 2024, the Company issued shares of Series B Preferred Stock to the Company’s CEO for a purchase price of $ per share.
In April and May 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of all of the Series A Warrants and received $0 in net proceeds.
On August 16, 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock in connection with the rounding up of fractional shares following the reverse stock splits of April 17, 2024 and August 8, 2024.
In August and September 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of Series B Warrants and received aggregate net proceed of $1,895,610.
In November and December 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of Series B Warrants and received aggregate net proceed of $1,618,203.
On January 3, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock upon the exercise of Series B Warrants and received $355,298 in net proceeds.
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had a total of and shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
The Company has declared no dividends since inception.
| 38 |
Note 12 – Warrants
The Company accounts for issued warrants either as a liability or equity in accordance with ASC 480-10 or ASC 815-40. Under ASC 480-10, warrants are considered a liability if they are mandatorily redeemable and they require settlement in cash, other assets, or a variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480-10, the Company considers the requirements of ASC 815-40 to determine whether the warrants should be classified as a liability or as equity. Under ASC 815-40, contracts that may require settlement for cash are liabilities, regardless of the probability of the occurrence of the triggering event. Liability-classified warrants are measured at fair value on the issuance date and at the end of each reporting period. Any change in the fair value of the warrants after the issuance date is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as a gain or loss. If warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815-40, in order to conclude warrants should be classified as equity, the Company assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its common stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815-40 or other applicable GAAP standard. Equity-classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date with no changes in fair value recognized after the issuance date.
In 2022, 2023, and 2024, the Company completed five (5) financing events, and in connection therewith, it issued warrants as follows:
| * | Subject to adjustments per the Series A and Series B Warrant Agreements. The Series B Warrants adjusted to a total of 13,613,297 warrants exercisable at $2.7879 per warrant following the Company’s 1-for-20 reverse stock split on August 8, 2024. | |
| ** | Subject to adjustment. |
As of December 31, 2024, all of the 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants, all of the May Pre-Funded Warrants, all of the 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants, a total of Tradeable Warrants, Investor Warrants, all of the Series A Warrants, and Series B Warrants (as adjusted) were exercised resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $16,752,492 received by the Company.
On February 11, 2024, the Company redeemed all of the April Warrants and all of the May Investor Warrants for an aggregate purchase price of $3,139,651.
On January 3, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock upon the exercise of Series B Warrants and received $355,298 in net proceeds.
| 39 |
The Company’s outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2024 consisted of the following:
| * | As adjusted and subject to further adjustments. In a subsequent event on January 3, 2025, 127,443 Series B Warrants were exercised leaving 12,226,549 warrants remaining outstanding. | |
| ** | As adjusted. |
The following table* sets forth the computation of basic net income (loss) per share:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Net gain (loss) attributable to common stock | $ | (5,134,116 | ) | $ | (4,506,044 | ) | ||
| Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock (Basic & Diluted) | ||||||||
| Net gain (loss) per share attributable to common stock | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
* Diluted net gain (loss) per share is not included in this table as the Company incurred net losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and inclusion of dilutive instruments would have an anti-dilutive effect.
Note 14 – Income Taxes
The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
| Current: | ||||
| Federal | $ | – | ||
| State | 50 | |||
| Foreign | (90,434 | ) | ||
| Current total | (90,384 | ) | ||
| Deferred: | ||||
| Federal | – | |||
| State | – | |||
| Foreign | (144,474 | ) | ||
| Deferred total | (144,474 | ) | ||
| Total | $ | (234,858 | ) | |
The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
| Schedule of income tax expense | ||||||||
| Pre-Tax Book Income | $ | (1,121,714 | ) | $ | 21.00% | |||
| State Taxes | 40 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Other Foreign Taxes | (119,181 | ) | 2.23% | |||||
| Permanent Adjustments | 56,092 | -1.05% | ||||||
| Change in Valuation Allowance | 569,920 | -10.67% | ||||||
| Foreign Tax Rate Differential | 62,181 | -1.16% | ||||||
| Rate Change | 149,237 | -2.79% | ||||||
| Provision to Return Adjustments | 156,540 | -2.93% | ||||||
| Other | 12,027 | -0.23% | ||||||
| Total | $ | (234,858 | ) | $ | 4.40% | |||
| 40 |
The components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, were as follows:
| Deferred Tax Assets: | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Net Operating Loss, Credits and Carryforwards | $ | 6,460,638 | $ | 5,277,829 | ||||
| Fixed Assets | – | – | ||||||
| Intangibles | 614,734 | 641,800 | ||||||
| Research and Development | 25,327 | 25,327 | ||||||
| Other DTA | 95,935 | 454,890 | ||||||
| Lease Liability | 252,407 | 174,292 | ||||||
| Valuation Allowance | (6,967,294 | ) | (6,397,374 | ) | ||||
| Deferred Tax Assets | 481,747 | 176,764 | ||||||
| Deferred Tax Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Other DTL | (67 | ) | – | |||||
| Fixed Assets | (141,396 | ) | (54,097 | ) | ||||
| Intangibles | – | – | ||||||
| Right-of-Use Asset | (248,050 | ) | (171,396 | ) | ||||
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | (389,513 | ) | (225,493 | ) | ||||
| Net Deferred Tax Liability | $ | 92,234 | $ | (48,729 | ) | |||
Note 15 – Leases
The Company has obligations as a lessee for office space with initial non-cancellable terms in excess of one year. The Company classified the lease as an operating lease. The lease contains a renewal option for a period of five years. Because the Company is certain to exercise the renewal option, the optional period is included in determining the lease term, and associated payments under the renewal option are included in the lease payments. The Company’s lease does not include termination options for either party to the lease or restrictive financial or other covenants. Payments due under the lease contract include fixed payments plus a variable Payment. The Company’s office space lease requires it to make variable payments for the Company’s proportionate share of building’s property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance. These variable lease payments are not included in lease payments used to determine lease liability and are recognized as variable costs when incurred.
Amounts reported on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:
| Operating lease ROU asset | $936,037 | |||
| Operating Lease liability - Short-term | $207,756 | |||
| Operating lease liability - Long-term | $744,724 | |||
| Remaining lease term | 5 years | |||
| Discount rate | 6% |
Amounts disclosed for ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations and reductions of ROU assets resulting from reductions of lease obligations include amounts reduced from the carrying amount of ROU assets resulting from deferred rent.
Maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancellable operating leases at December 31, 2024 are as follows:
| 2025 | $207,756 | |
| 2026 | $197,595 | |
| 2027 | $195,760 | |
| 2028 | $177,669 | |
| 2029 | $168,462 | |
| Thereafter | $13,627 |
| 41 |
Note 16 – Management and Director Compensation
The Company paid its officers cash compensation totaling $1,850,243 and $1,515,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Of these amounts attributable to the Company’s CEO, $800,000 and $0, respectively was paid to Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by the CEO of the Company. In addition, the Company’s CEO was paid $12,000 in 2024 through the issuance of 120,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock valued at $12,000.
The Company paid its five directors cash compensation of $80,000 each, totaling $400,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Note 17 – Subsequent Events
On January 3, 2025, the Company issued 127,443 shares of common stock upon the exercise of 127,443 Series B Warrants and received $355,298 in net proceeds.
Since December 31, 2024, the Company has added 5 new generic prescription drugs to its portfolio, bringing the total number of prescription drugs offered by the Company to 70.
| 42 |
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Our financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were audited by BF Borgers CPA, PC (“Borgers”). On May 3, 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) announced that it had settled charges against Borgers that it failed to conduct audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”). As part of the settlement, Borgers agreed to a permanent ban on appearing or practicing before the SEC. As a result of Borgers’ settlement with the SEC, we dismissed Borgers as our independent accountant on May 3, 2024.
Borgers’ reports on our financial statements for the two most recent fiscal years did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, nor was it qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles.
During our fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the subsequent interim period through May 3, 2024, there were no disagreements, within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K, with Borgers on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Borgers, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in connection with its reports. Also during this same period, there were no reportable events that existed within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions thereto.
On May 7, 2024, we retained Bush & Associates CPA LLC (“Bush & Associates”), as our independent registered public accounting firm. The decision to engage Bush & Associates as our independent registered public accounting firm was approved by the unanimous consent of our board of directors.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report.
These controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on this evaluation, our management, including our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024, at reasonable assurance levels.
| 43 |
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate “internal control over financial reporting,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our system of internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with US GAAP.
Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized use, acquisition, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, and they concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, we utilized the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013).
No Attestation Report by Independent Registered Accountant
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, has not been audited by our independent registered public accounting firm by virtue of our exemption from such requirement as a smaller reporting company.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2024.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
| 44 |
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors and Officers
The following individuals currently serve as our Board of Directors and executive officers.
| Name | Age | Position(s) | ||
| Dr. Steve N. Slilaty | 72 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board | ||
| Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki | 61 | Chief Operating Officer and Director | ||
| Mr. Camille Sebaaly | 63 | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary | ||
| Dr. Rabi Kiderchah | 52 | Director | ||
| Mr. David Natan | 71 | Director | ||
| Dr. Andrew Keller | 71 | Director | ||
| Mr. Michel Roy | 57 | Chief Commercial Officer |
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty was appointed as our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors on October 15, 2009. Dr. Slilaty is an accomplished scientist and business executive. His scientific publications are widely cited. Sunshine Biopharma is the third in a line of biotechnology companies that Dr. Slilaty founded and managed. The first, Quantum Biotechnologies Inc. later known as Qbiogene Inc., was founded in 1991 and is now a member of a family of companies owned by MP Biomedicals, a global life science company headquartered in Santa Ana, California. The second company which Dr. Slilaty founded, Genomics One Corporation, conducted an initial public offering of its capital stock in 1999 and, on the basis of its ownership of Dr. Slilaty’s patented TrueBlue® Technology, Genomics One became one of the key participants in the Human Genome Project and reached a market capitalization of $1 billion in 2000. Formerly, Dr. Slilaty was a research team leader at the Biotechnology Research Institute (Montreal), a division of the National Research Council of Canada. Dr. Slilaty is one of the pioneers of Gene Therapy having developed the first gene delivery system applicable to humans in 1983 [Science 220: 725-727 (1983)]. Dr. Slilaty's other distinguished scientific career accomplishments included (i) the discovery of a new class of enzymes, the S24 Family of Proteases (IUBMB Enzyme: EC 3.4.21.88) [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84: 3987-3991 (1987)]. In addition, Dr. Slilaty (i) developed the first site-directed mutagenesis system applicable to double-stranded DNA [Analyt. Biochem. 185: 194-200 (1990)], (ii) cloned the gene for the first yeast-lytic enzyme (lytic b-1,3-glucanase) [J. Biol. Chem. 266: 1058-1063 (1991)], (iii) developed a new molecular strategy for increasing the rate of enzyme reactions [Protein Engineering 4: 919-922 (1991)], and (iv) constructed a powerful new cloning system for genomic sequencing (TrueBlue® Technology) [Gene 213: 83-91 (1998)]. Most recently, Dr. Slilaty helped in the design of novel Coronavirus PLpro inhibitors [J. Med. Chem. 2024, 67: 13681−13702]. These and other works of Dr. Slilaty are cited in research papers, editorials, review articles and textbooks. Dr. Slilaty is the author of 19 original research papers and 12 issued and pending. These and other works of Dr. Slilaty are cited in research papers, editorials, review articles and textbooks. Dr. Slilaty received his Ph.D. degree in Molecular Biology from the University of Arizona in 1983 and Bachelor of Science degree in Genetics and Biochemistry from Cornell University in 1976. Dr. Slilaty has received research grants from the NIH and NSF and he is the recipient of the 1981 University of Arizona Foundation award for Meritorious Performance in Teaching.
| 45 |
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki was appointed as a director and our Chief Operating Officer in February 2016. From July 2007 through December 2016, Dr. Merzouki worked at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, where he taught and acted as a senior scientist involved in the research and development of plasmid and siRNA-based therapies. Dr. Merzouki is a molecular biologist and an immunologist with extensive experience in the area of gene therapy where he performed several preclinical studies for pharmaceutical companies involving the use of adenoviral vectors for cancer therapy and plasmid vectors for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions. Dr. Merzouki also has extensive expertise in the design of expression vectors, and production and purification of recombinant proteins. He developed technologies for production of biogeneric therapeutic proteins for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Dr. Merzouki obtained his Ph.D. in Virology and Immunology from Institut Armand-Frappier in Quebec and received his post-doctoral training at the University of British Columbia and the BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS research. Dr. Merzouki has over 30 publications and 70 communications in various, highly respected scientific journals in the field of cellular and molecular biology.
Mr. Camille Sebaaly was appointed as our chief financial officer, secretary and a director of our Company on October 15, 2009. He resigned as a director of the Company in October 2021. Mr. Sebaaly held a number of senior executive positions in various areas including financial management, business development, project management and finance. As an executive and an entrepreneur, he combines expertise in strategic planning and finance with strong skills in business development and deal structure and negotiations. In addition, Mr. Sebaaly worked in operations, general management, investor relations, marketing and business development with emphasis on international business and marketing of advanced technologies including hydrogen generation and energy saving. In the area of marketing, Mr. Sebaaly has evaluated market demands and opportunities, created strategic marketing and business development plans, designed marketing communications and launched market penetration programs. Mr. Sebaaly graduated from State University of New York at Buffalo with an Electrical and Computer Engineering Degree in 1987.
Dr. Rabi Kiderchah has served as a director of our Company since October 2021. Dr. Kiderchah is a licensed physician in Canada. From 2000 until August 2021, he was working at Argenteuil Hospital, Lachute, Quebec, Canada, as an emergency room physician. He has also worked as what is referred to in Canada as a “medecins depanneurs”, working in rural areas where there are not enough ER doctors. Since August 2011 he has worked at Rabi Kiderchah Medecin Inc. as a freelance physician in the Quebec, Canada area. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1994 and an MD degree in 1998 from the University of Montreal.
Mr. David Natan has served as a director of our Company since February 2022. He currently serves as CEO of Natan & Associates, LLC, a consulting firm offering CFO services to public and private companies since 2007. From February 2010 to May 2020, Mr. Natan served as CEO of ForceField Energy, Inc. (OTCMKTS: FNRG), a company focused on LED lighting products. From February 2002 to November 2007, Mr. Natan served as CFO of PharmaNet Development Group, Inc., a drug development company, and, from June 1995 to February 2002, as CFO and VP of Global Technovations, Inc., a manufacturer and marketer of speaker components. Prior to that, Mr. Natan served in various roles with Deloitte & Touche LLP. From April 2020 through June 2023, Mr. Natan was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Airborne Motorworks, Inc., Spokane, WA, a privately-held aerospace transportation company. Mr. Natan currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors and Chair of the Audit Committee of NetBrands, Inc. (OTC: NBND), a distributor of snack products, since February 2021; and serves as a member of the Board of Directors and Chair of the Audit Committee of Titan Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: TTNP) a pharmaceutical company, since August 2022. Additionally, in November 2023, Mr. Natan was appointed to the board of Directors and Audit Committee Chair of Minim Inc. (NASDAQ: MINM). Mr. Natan holds a B.A. in Economics from Boston University.
| 46 |
Dr. Andrew M. Keller has served as a director of our Company since February 2022. From 2016 through November 2019, Dr. Keller was the Chief Medical Officer at the Western Connecticut Medical Group, Bethel CT, a multispecialty organization. He was employed by this group beginning in 1989, and in 2003 became Chief – Section of Cardiovascular Diseases. In 2014 he was appointed Chief Medical Informatics Officer. Previously, Dr. Keller was an Assistant Professor of Medicine/Radiology at Columbia University, The College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY. Dr. Keller retired as a practicing physician in 2019. Upon his retirement as a practicing physician Dr. Keller enrolled as a full time student at Quinnipiac University College of Law, where he graduated with a Juris Doctor degree in 2023. In July 2023, Dr. Keller passed the Bar exam and was admitted to practice law in the State of Connecticut in November 2023. Since November 2023 he has been employed at the Law Office of Robin P. Keller LLC, Norwalk, CT advocating for the educational needs of disabled children with medically complex diagnoses. Dr. Keller received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1979 from The Ohio State University and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics, Magna Cum Laude from Ithaca College in 1975.
Mr. Michel Roy was appointed as our Chief Commercial Officer in January 2025. Mr. has held various leadership roles in business development, licensing, sales and operations management in various pharmaceutical companies. From July 2020 to November 2024, Mr. Roy founded and led the Canadian operations of Shilpa Medicare Ltd., a large multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Karnataka, India. From 2014 to June 2020, Mr. Roy was Vice President, Business Development and Sales for Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a major pharmaceutical company having its head office in Ahmedabad (India) with a strong presence in over 85 countries. During his tenure at Intas, Mr. Roy was responsible for strategic planning, business development, sales, financial management, and regulatory affairs. At the beginning of his career, he worked as a consultant and had positions with various international Contract Research Organization companies. Mr. Roy received his Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) at John Molson School of Business in 2010 and his Master of Science (M.Sc.) at Université de Montréal in 1999. He also received a Bachelor of Commerce, Major in Economics, at Concordia University in 1990.
Corporate Governance
Board of Directors Term of Office
Directors are elected at our annual meeting of shareholders and serve for one year until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until their successors are elected and qualified.
Committees of our Board of Directors
We have established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a corporate governance and nominating committee of our board of directors. Each committee is comprised of each of our independent directors. David Natan is our audit committee financial expert.
No Family Relationships
There is no family relationship between any director and executive officer or among any directors or executive officers.
| 47 |
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
Our directors and executive officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:
| 1. | any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time; | |
| 2. | any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses); | |
| 3. | being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with any person practicing in banking or securities activities; | |
| 4. | being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the SEC or the CFTC to have violated a Federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated; | |
| 5. | being subject of, or a party to, any Federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of any Federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or | |
| 6. | being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization, any registered entity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member. |
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer. Our Code of Ethics is available on our website at www.sunshinebiopharma.com.
Insider Trading Policy
We have adopted an insider trading policy governing the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of our securities by directors, senior management, and employees. A copy of the Insider Trading Policy has been filed as exhibit 19 to this report.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth compensation information for services rendered by our executive officers in all capacities during the last two completed fiscal years.
| Name and Principal Position | Year | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Options ($) | Other ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. Steve N. Slilaty | 2024 | 411,587 | 800,000 | * | – | – | 1,211,587 | |||||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer and Director | 2023 | 378,000 | 182,000 | – | – | 560,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Camille Sebaaly | 2024 | 302,031 | 50,000 | – | – | 352,031 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | 2023 | 315,000 | 380,000 | – | – | 695,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki | 2024 | 241,625 | 45,000 | – | – | 286,625 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Operating Officer and Director | 2023 | 252,000 | 8,000 | – | – | 260,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| * This amount was paid to Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by Dr. Slilaty. |
| 48 |
Employment Agreements
On October 21, 2024, we entered into an amended employment agreement with Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, our Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to the amended employment agreement, deemed effective January 1, 2024, Dr. Slilaty will continue to serve as our CEO, and will also serve as the chief executive officer of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma. Dr. Slilaty will receive an annual base salary of $386,000, which will increase annually in the amount of 5% or the change in the US Consumer Price Index, whichever is greater. Dr. Slilaty will also be entitled to an annual bonus in an amount to be determined by our board of directors. The agreement has an indefinite term. If the agreement is terminated by us “without cause”, or by Dr. Slilaty for “good reason” (each as defined in the agreement), Dr. Slilaty will be entitled to a severance payment of $14 million. In the event the employment agreement is terminated for other reasons, we will pay Dr. Slilaty $3 million.
On October 21, 2024, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Camille Sebaaly, our Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, deemed effective January 1, 2024, Mr. Sebaaly will continue to serve as our Chief Financial Officer and will also serve as Secretary of Nora Pharma. Mr. Sebaaly will receive an annual base salary of $411,000 CAD (approximately $287,700 USD), which will increase annually in the minimum amount of 5% or the change in the US Consumer Price Index, whichever is greater. Mr. Sebaaly will also be entitled to an annual bonus in an amount to be determined by our Board of Directors. The employment agreement has an indefinite term. If the employment agreement is terminated by us without cause, Mr. Sebaaly will be entitled to a severance payment of $2 million CAD (approximately $1.4 million USD).
On October 21, 2024, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki, our Chief Operating Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, deemed effective January 1, 2024, Dr. Merzouki will continue to serve as our Chief Operating Officer and will also serve as Chief Scientific Officer of Nora Pharma. Dr. Merzouki will receive an annual base salary of $328,800 CAD (approximately $230,200 USD), which will increase annually in the amount of 5% or the change in the US Consumer Price Index, whichever is greater. Dr. Merzouki will also be entitled to an annual bonus in an amount to be determined by our Board of Directors. The employment agreement has an indefinite term. If the employment agreement is terminated by us without cause, Dr. Merzouki will be entitled to a severance payment of $2 million CAD (approximately $1.4 million USD).
On January 13, 2025, we appointed Mr. Michel Roy as our Chief Commercial Officer, and in connection therewith, entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Roy. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Roy will receive an initial annual base salary of $400,000 CAD (approximately $280,000 USD), which will increase annually by the greater of 5% or the increase in the US Consumer Price Index. In the event we terminate Mr. Roy’s employment without cause, Mr. Roy will receive a severance payment of $500,000 CAD (approximately $350,000 USD), plus the minimum notice of termination (or compensation in lieu thereof) to which he would be entitled under applicable law. The employment agreement has an indefinite term.
Outstanding Equity Awards at 2024 Fiscal Year-End
We did not have any outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2024.
| 49 |
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth compensation we paid to our directors for services as director during the year ended December 31, 2024.
| Name | Cash ($) | Options ($) | Other ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||
| Dr. Andrew Keller | 80,000 | – | – | 80,000 | ||||||||||||
| Dr. Rabi Kiderchah | 80,000 | – | – | 80,000 | ||||||||||||
| Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki | 80,000 | – | – | 80,000 | ||||||||||||
| Mr. David Natan | 80,000 | – | – | 80,000 | ||||||||||||
| Dr. Steve N. Slilaty | 80,000 | – | – | 80,000 | ||||||||||||
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth certain information, as of April 1, 2025, with respect to the beneficial ownership of the outstanding common stock by (i) any holder of more than five (5%) percent; (ii) each of our executive officers and directors; and (iii) our directors and executive officers as a group.
We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. The table lists applicable percentage ownership based on 2,707,541 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 1, 2025. In addition, under SEC rules, beneficial ownership of common stock includes shares of our common stock issuable pursuant to the conversion or exercise of securities that are either immediately exercisable or convertible into common stock or exercisable or convertible into common stock within 60 days of April 1, 2025. These shares are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but they are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons or entities identified in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.
| 50 |
| Title of Class | Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Amount | Percent of Class | |||||||
| Common | Dr. Steve N. Slilaty(1) c/o Sunshine Biopharma Inc. 333 Las Olas Way, CU4 Suite 433 |
|||||||||
| Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 | 1,911 | (3) | * | |||||||
| Series B Preferred | 130,000 | (2) | 100% | |||||||
| Common | Camille Sebaaly(1) c/o Sunshine Biopharma Inc. 333 Las Olas Way, CU4 Suite 433 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
60 | * | |||||||
| Common | Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki(1) c/o Sunshine Biopharma Inc. 333 Las Olas Way, CU4 Suite 433 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
59 | * | |||||||
| Common | Dr. Andrew Keller(1) c/o Sunshine Biopharma Inc. |
0 | * | |||||||
| Common | Mr. David Natan(1) c/o Sunshine Biopharma Inc. 333 Las Olas Way, CU4 Suite 433 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
0 | * | |||||||
| Common | Dr. Rabi Kiderchah(1) c/o Sunshine Biopharma Inc. 333 Las Olas Way, CU4 Suite 433 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
1 | * | |||||||
| Common | Mr. Michel Roy(1) c/o Sunshine Biopharma Inc. |
|||||||||
| Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 | 1 | * | ||||||||
| All Officers and Directors as Group (7 persons) | 2,032 | * | ||||||||
* Less than 1%.
| (1) | Officer and/or director of our Company. |
| (2) | Each share of Series B Preferred Stock gives the holder the right to 1,000 votes per share. |
| (3) | Includes (i) 2 shares owned by Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by Dr. Slilaty and (ii) 1,850 shares owned by Malek Chamoun which Dr. Slilaty controls through a voting agreement dated October 20, 2022. |
| 51 |
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Related Transactions
On February 8, 2024, we sold 20,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to Dr. Slilaty for a purchase price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.
On March 4, 2024, we sold 100,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to Dr. Slilaty for a purchase price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.
Director Independence
Our independent directors consist of Dr. Kiderchah, Mr. Natan and Dr. Keller.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Our financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were audited by BF Borgers CPA, PC (“Borgers”). On May 3, 2024, the SEC announced that it had settled charges against Borgers that it failed to conduct audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. As part of the settlement, Borgers agreed to a permanent ban on appearing or practicing before the SEC. As a result of Borgers’ settlement with the SEC, we dismissed Borgers as our independent accountant on May 3, 2024.
On May 7, 2024, we retained Bush & Associates CPA LLC (“Bush & Associates”), as our independent registered public accounting firm.
The following table presents fees for professional services rendered by Bush & Associates and Borgers during:
| Fiscal Years Ended December 31, | 2024 |
2023 |
||||||
| Audit Fees – Bush & Associates | $ | 165,000 | $ | 162,500 | ||||
| Audit Fees – Borgers | – | 170,000 | ||||||
| Audit-related fees – Bush & Associates | – | – | ||||||
| Audit-related fees – Borgers | – | – | ||||||
| Tax Fees – Bush & Associates | – | – | ||||||
| Tax Fees – Borgers | – | – | ||||||
| All Other Fees | – | – | ||||||
| Total – Bush & Associates | $ | 165,000 | $ | 162,500 | ||||
| Total – Borgers | $ | – | $ | 170,000 | ||||
Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of amounts billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Forms 10-K for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for reviews of our interim financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
Audit-related Fees. Audit-related fees represent fees for assurance and related services performed that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements.
Tax Fees. Bush & Associates CPA and Borgers did not perform any tax compliance services for us during the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.
All Other Fees. Bush & Associates CPA and Borgers did not receive any other fees from us for the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.
As of December 31, 2024, the Board of Directors appointed our three independent directors as the members of our audit committee. Our audit committee charter is available is available on our website at www.sunshinebiopharma.com.
| 52 |
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS
| 53 |
| 31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (filed herewith) |
| 31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (filed herewith) |
| 32.1 | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith) |
| 97.1 | Clawback policy (24) |
| EX-101 | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
| EX-104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL, and included in exhibit 101). |
_______________________
| * | Portions of the exhibit have been omitted. |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2022 |
| (2) | Incorporated by reference to SB-2 filed with the SEC on October 19, 2007. |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2009. |
| (4) | Incorporated by reference to 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 4, 2010. |
| (5) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on June 1, 2015. |
| (6) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2020. |
| (7) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed February 9, 2022. |
| (8) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on October 9, 2015. |
| (9) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on December 28, 2015. |
| (10) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016. |
| (11) | Incorporated by reference to S-1/A filed with the SEC on January 24, 2022. |
| (12) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022. |
| (13) | Incorporated by reference to 10-K filed with the SEC on May 1, 2020. |
| (14) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on April 19, 2023. |
| (15) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022. |
| (16) | Incorporated by reference to 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2022. |
| (17) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2022. |
| (18) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on October 23, 2024. |
| (19) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on October 20, 2022. |
| (20) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023. |
| (21) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on October 20, 2023. |
| (22) | Incorporated by reference to S-8 filed with the SEC on January 8, 2024. |
| (23) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024. |
| (24) | Incorporated by reference to 10-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024. |
| (25) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the April 23, 2024. |
(26) |
Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the August 12, 2024. |
| (27) | Incorporated by reference to post-effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024. |
| (28) | Incorporated by reference to S-1/A filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024. |
| (29) | Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on January 15, 2025. |
| 54 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA INC. | |||
| Dated: April 1, 2025 | By: | /s/ Dr. Steve N. Slilaty | |
| Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) | |||
| /s/ Camille Sebaaly | |||
| Camille Sebaaly, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) | |||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Dr. Steve N. Slilaty | Chief Executive Officer and Director | April 1, 2025 | ||
| Dr. Steve N. Slilaty | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Camille Sebaaly | Chief Financial Officer | April 1, 2025 | ||
| Camille Sebaaly | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki | Director | April 1, 2025 | ||
| Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki | ||||
| /s/ David Natan | Director | April 1, 2025 | ||
| David Natan | ||||
| /s/ Dr. Andrew Keller | Director | April 1, 2025 | ||
| Dr. Andrew Keller | ||||
| /s/ Dr. Rabi Kiderchah | Director | April 1, 2025 | ||
| Dr. Rabi Kiderchah |
| 55 |
