UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
 

 
FORM 10-Q
 
 

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
 
OR
 
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the transition period from to           
 
Commission File Number: 001-38009
 
 
 
FOUNDATION BUILDING MATERIALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
81-4259606
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
2520 Red Hill Avenue
 
 
Santa Ana, CA
 
92705
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(714) 380-3127
 
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
2741 Walnut Ave., Suite 200, Tustin CA, 92780
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ý    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ý    No  ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
 
Large accelerated filer ☐
 
                 Accelerated filer ý
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer ☐
 
Smaller reporting company ý
 
 
 
(Do not check if smaller reporting company)
 
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ý

Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock
 
FBM
 
New York Stock Exchange

 As of November 1, 2019, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, was 42,989,840.




FOUNDATION BUILDING MATERIALS, INC.

Table of Contents

 
 
Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
2
 
3
 
5
 
7
23
36
36
 
 
 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
 
 
 
 
 








Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements
FOUNDATION BUILDING MATERIALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net sales
$
564,906

 
$
542,273

 
$
1,639,689

 
$
1,528,153

Cost of goods sold
393,111

 
388,236

 
1,143,397

 
1,093,412

Gross profit
171,795

 
154,037

 
496,292

 
434,741

Operating expenses:

 

 
 
 

Selling, general and administrative expenses
123,907

 
113,279

 
363,872

 
328,088

Depreciation and amortization
20,218

 
19,771

 
60,911

 
56,922

Total operating expenses
144,125

 
133,050

 
424,783

 
385,010

Income from operations
27,670

 
20,987

 
71,509

 
49,731

Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
(58,475
)
 
—

 
(58,475
)
Interest expense
(9,118
)
 
(12,576
)
 
(26,015
)
 
(43,028
)
Other (expense) income, net
(89
)
 
(8
)
 
(4
)
 
126

Income (loss) before income taxes
18,463

 
(50,072
)
 
45,490

 
(51,646
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
5,754

 
(12,519
)
 
13,232

 
(13,299
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
12,709

 
(37,553
)
 
32,258

 
(38,347
)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
2,772

 
—

 
7,913

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
(11
)

—

 
(1,401
)
 
—

Net income (loss)
$
12,698

 
$
(34,781
)
 
$
30,857

 
$
(30,434
)
 

 

 
 
 

Earnings (loss) per share data:

 

 
 
 

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations per share - basic
$
0.30

 
$
(0.88
)
 
0.75

 
$
(0.89
)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations per share - diluted
$
0.30

 
$
(0.88
)
 
0.75

 
$
(0.89
)
 


 


 
 
 


Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per share - basic
$
—

 
$
0.07

 
(0.03
)
 
$
0.18

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per share - diluted
$
—

 
$
0.07

 
(0.03
)
 
$
0.18

 


 


 
 
 


Earnings (loss) per share - basic
$
0.30

 
$
(0.81
)
 
0.72

 
$
(0.71
)
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted
$
0.30

 
$
(0.81
)
 
0.72

 
$
(0.71
)
 

 

 
 
 

Weighted average shares outstanding:

 

 
 
 

Basic
42,988,829

 
42,894,474

 
42,969,797

 
42,889,430

Diluted
43,508,678

 
42,917,230

 
43,174,351

 
42,905,273

 

 

 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss):

 

 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
12,698

 
$
(34,781
)
 
$
30,857

 
$
(30,434
)
     Foreign currency translation adjustment
(984
)
 
1,481

 
2,317

 
(2,724
)
     Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, net of taxes of $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively and $2.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively
344

 
(1,420
)
 
(6,436
)
 
839

Total other comprehensive (loss) income
(640
)
 
61

 
(4,119
)
 
(1,885
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
12,058

 
$
(34,720
)
 
$
26,738

 
$
(32,319
)
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.


FOUNDATION BUILDING MATERIALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share data)

September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Current assets:

 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
22,668

 
$
15,299

Accounts receivable—net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,678 and $3,239, respectively
314,088

 
276,043

Other receivables
49,284

 
57,472

Inventories
163,280

 
165,989

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
13,321

 
9,053

Total current assets
562,641

 
523,856

Property and equipment, net
153,294

 
151,641

Right-of-use assets, net
117,137

 
—

Intangible assets, net
117,894

 
145,876

Goodwill
490,315

 
484,941

Other assets
5,481

 
10,393

Total assets
$
1,446,762

 
$
1,316,707

Liabilities and stockholders' equity:


 


Current liabilities:

 


Accounts payable
$
143,958

 
$
137,773

Accrued payroll and employee benefits
29,113

 
28,830

Accrued taxes
11,092

 
11,867

Current portion of tax receivable agreement
27,676

 
16,667

Current portion of term loan, net
4,500

 
4,500

Current portion of lease liabilities
29,310

 
—

Other current liabilities
23,650

 
19,979

Total current liabilities
269,299

 
219,616

Asset-based revolving credit facility
134,306

 
146,000

Long-term portion of term loan, net
435,475

 
437,999

Tax receivable agreement
90,272

 
117,948

Deferred income taxes, net
18,586

 
20,678

Long-term portion of lease liabilities
95,045

 
—

Other liabilities
7,957

 
8,117

Total liabilities
1,050,940

 
950,358

Commitments and contingencies


 





 


Stockholders' equity:

 

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares; 0 shares issued
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 190,000,000 shares; 42,989,840 and 42,907,326 shares issued, respectively
13

 
13

     Additional paid-in capital
335,237

 
332,330

     Retained earnings
64,872

 
34,187

     Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(4,300
)
 
(181
)
          Total stockholders' equity
395,822

 
366,349

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
1,446,762

 
$
1,316,707


See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

FOUNDATION BUILDING MATERIALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Cash flows from operating activities:


 

Net income (loss)
$
30,857

 
$
(30,434
)
Add: loss on sale of discontinued operations
(1,401
)
 
—

Less: net income from discontinued operations
—

 
7,913

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
32,258

 
(38,347
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations:


 

     Depreciation
26,173

 
24,383

     Amortization of intangible assets
34,738

 
32,539

     Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount
1,617

 
6,834

     Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
58,475

     Inventory fair value purchase accounting adjustment
234

 
413

     Provision for doubtful accounts
2,017

 
1,654

     Stock-based compensation
3,056

 
1,512

     Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net
—

 
(56
)
     (Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment
(54
)
 
614

     Right-of-use assets non-cash expense
20,586


—

     Deferred income taxes
63

 
(13,038
)
     Change in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:


 


          Accounts receivable
(32,949
)
 
(65,361
)
          Other receivables
10,520

 
5,361

          Inventories
5,623

 
(3,244
)
          Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(4,198
)
 
(496
)
          Other assets
(187
)
 
(1,928
)
          Accounts payable
2,417

 
(8,940
)
          Accrued payroll and employee benefits
214

 
7,929

          Accrued taxes
(860
)
 
4,783

          Operating lease liability
(20,034
)

—

          Other liabilities
6,019

 
(13,960
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations
87,253


(873
)
Cash flows from investing activities from continuing operations:


 


     Purchases of property and equipment
(29,369
)
 
(28,157
)
     Proceeds from termination of net investment hedge
3,313


—

     Proceeds from net working capital adjustments related to acquisitions
461

 
115

     Proceeds from the disposal of fixed assets
2,719

 
1,605

     Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(21,882
)
 
(70,334
)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations
(44,758
)

(96,771
)
Cash flows from financing activities from continuing operations:


 


     Proceeds from asset-based revolving credit facility
403,454

 
757,298

     Repayments of asset-based revolving credit facility
(415,178
)
 
(498,964
)

3

     Principal payments for term loan
(3,375
)

—

     Term loan proceeds
—


450,000

     Term loan original issuance discount and deferred finance costs
—


(7,935
)
     Repayment of bond principal
—


(575,000
)
     Prepayment premium on senior secured notes
—


(23,872
)
     Payment related to tax receivable agreement
(16,667
)

—

     Tax withholding payment related to net settlement of equity awards
(155
)
 
(61
)
     Principal repayment of finance lease obligations
(2,002
)
 
(2,094
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities from continuing operations
(33,923
)

99,372

     Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations
—

 
(2,063
)
     Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations
(1,401
)
 
(928
)
     Net cash used in financing activities of discontinued operations
—

 
(140
)
Net cash used in discontinued operations
(1,401
)
 
(3,131
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
198

 
(138
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash
7,369

 
(1,541
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
15,299

 
12,101

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
22,668

 
$
10,560

 


 


Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:


 


Cash paid for income taxes
$
10,401

 
$
1,504

Cash paid for interest
$
24,150

 
$
52,288

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 


Change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax
$
5,663

 
$
839

Goodwill adjustment for purchase price allocation
$
57

 
$
202

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.


4

FOUNDATION BUILDING MATERIALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018
42,907,326

 
$
13

 
$
332,330

 
$
34,187

 
$
(181
)
 
$
366,349

Adoption of derivatives guidance
—


—

 
—


(172
)

172


—

Stock-based compensation
—


—

 
829


—


—


829

Vesting of restricted stock units
93,014

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards
(13,657
)
 
—

 
(130
)
 
—

 
—

 
(130
)
Other comprehensive loss
—


—

 
—


—


(2,098
)

(2,098
)
Net income
—


—

 
—


3,482





3,482

Balance at March 31, 2019
42,986,683

 
$
13

 
$
333,029

 
$
37,497

 
$
(2,107
)
 
$
368,432

Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
1,110


—


—


1,110

Vesting of restricted stock units
2,149

 
—

 


—


—


—

Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards
(722
)
 
—

 
(8
)

—


—


(8
)
Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—


—


(1,553
)

(1,553
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
—


14,677


—


14,677

Balance at June 30, 2019
42,988,110

 
$
13

 
$
334,131

 
$
52,174

 
$
(3,660
)
 
$
382,658

Stock-based compensation
—


—


1,117


—


—


1,117

Vesting of restricted stock units
2,135


—


—


—


—


—

Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards
(405
)

—


(11
)

—


—


(11
)
Other comprehensive loss
—


—


—


—


(640
)

(640
)
Net income
—


—


—


12,698


—


12,698

Balance at September 30, 2019
42,989,840

 
13

 
$
335,237

 
$
64,872

 
$
(4,300
)
 
$
395,822



5

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Other Comprehensive Income
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017
42,865,407

 
$
13

 
$
330,113

 
$
46,184

 
$
2,354

 
$
378,664

Adoption of tax guidance
—


—


—


180


(180
)

—

Stock-based compensation
—


—


271


—


—


271

Vesting of restricted stock units
29,050

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards
(3,205
)

—


(45
)

—


—


(45
)
Other comprehensive loss
—


—


—


—


(1,028
)

(1,028
)
Net loss
—


—


—


(1,053
)

—


(1,053
)
Balance at March 31, 2018
42,891,252

 
$
13

 
$
330,339

 
$
45,311

 
$
1,146

 
$
376,809

Stock-based compensation
—


—


667


—


—


667

Vesting of restricted stock units
3,525


—


—


—


—


—

Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards
(795
)

—


(11
)

—


—


(11
)
Other comprehensive loss
—


—


—


—


(735
)

(735
)
Net income
—


—


—


5,400


—


5,400

Balance at June 30, 2018
42,893,982

 
$
13

 
$
330,995

 
$
50,711

 
$
411

 
$
382,130

Changes in accounting standard - income taxes
—


—


—


6


—

 
6

Stock-based compensation
—


—


677


—


—

 
677

Vesting of restricted stock units
1,327


—


—


—


—

 
—

Shares withheld related to net settlement of equity awards
(344
)

—


(5
)

—


—

 
(5
)
Other comprehensive loss
—


—


—


—


58

 
58

Net income
—


—


—


(34,781
)

—

 
(34,781
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
42,894,965

 
$
13

 
$
331,667

 
$
15,936

 
$
469

 
$
348,085

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.


6
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


1.    Business and Basis of Presentation

Business

Foundation Building Materials, Inc. (the "Company") is a specialty building products distributor of wallboard, suspended ceiling systems, and metal framing throughout the U.S. and Canada. Based in Santa Ana, California, the Company employs more than 3,400 people and operates more than 175 branches across the U.S. and Canada.

Organization

The Company was formed on October 27, 2016 (inception). The initial stockholder of the Company was LSF9 Cypress Parent 2 LLC ("Parent 2") which held all of the Company's authorized, issued and outstanding shares of common stock.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Reorganization

On February 8, 2017, FBM Alpha LLC (formerly known as LSF9 Cypress Parent, LLC) ("Alpha"), transferred its wholly owned direct subsidiary Foundation Building Materials Holding Company LLC (formerly known as FBM Beta LLC and LSF9 Cypress Holdings, LLC) ("Holdco"), and indirectly held subsidiary FBM Finance, Inc., to the Company, thereby transferring the business for which historical financial information is included in these results of operations, to be indirectly held by the Company.

The Company holds no other operations, cash flows, material assets or liabilities other than the equity interests in Alpha.  Alpha holds no other operations, cash flows, material assets or liabilities other than the equity interests in Holdco. Holdco holds no other material assets or liabilities other than the equity interests in FBM Finance, Inc. and Foundation Building Materials, LLC. 

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation with respect to the interim financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for full fiscal years. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2019 (the "2018 10-K").

2.    Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 815. This amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2019, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.



7
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU No. 2016-02"). ASU No. 2016-02 establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases are classified as either "finance" or "operating," with such classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. This update was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years.

As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, on January 1, 2019, the Company recognized (a) an operating lease liability of $118.3 million, which represented the present value of our remaining lease payments, and (b) a related right-of-use asset of $117.4 million. In addition, on January 1, 2019, the Company reclassified certain intangible assets related to real estate leases to right-of-use assets and reclassified its capital lease liability to a finance lease liability in accordance with the applicable transition guidance. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 did not have a material impact on the Company's statement of operations or cash flows. Due to the adoption of the standard using the retrospective cumulative-effect adjustment method, there are no changes to our previously reported results prior to January 1, 2019.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820 based on the consideration of costs and benefits to promote the appropriate exercise and discretion by entities when considering fair value measurement disclosures and to clarify that materiality is an appropriate consideration of entities and their auditors when evaluating disclosure requirements. The amendments in this update are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill but rather requires an entity to record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying value over its fair value. This amendment is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU changes the impairment model for most financial assets, requiring the use of an expected loss model which requires entities to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on financial assets measured at amortized cost. Such credit losses will be recorded as an allowance to offset the amortized cost of the financial asset, resulting in a net presentation of the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. In addition, credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will now be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a direct write-down to the security. The amendments in this update are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Discontinued Operations

On November 1, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its mechanical insulation business (the "Disposed Business") to SPI LLC, an unrelated third party controlled by Dunes Point Capital, for total cash consideration of approximately $122.5 million, and recorded a gain on the sale of $13.7 million, net of taxes. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a loss on the sale of discontinued operations of $0 and $1.4 million, respectively, related to customary purchase price adjustments.

The Company reclassified the results of operations and cash flows of the Disposed Business to discontinued operations in its accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.


8
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The summarized financial information related to the Disposed Business that has been excluded from continuing operations and reported as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018
Net sales
$
82,533

 
$
237,923

Cost of goods sold
60,125

 
172,682

Gross profit
22,408

 
65,241

Operating expenses:

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses
17,078

 
49,481

Depreciation and amortization
1,561

 
4,637

Total operating expenses
18,639

 
54,118

Income from operations
3,769

 
11,123

Interest expense
(11
)
 
(36
)
Other income (expense), net
5

 
(5
)
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes
3,763

 
11,082

Income tax expense
991

 
3,169

Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
2,772

 
$
7,913


The operating results reflected above do not fully represent the Disposed Business' historical operating results, as the results reported within net income from discontinued operations only include expenses that are directly attributable to the Disposed Business.

4.    Right-of-Use ("ROU") Assets and Lease Liabilities

The Company leases the majority of its branch locations and office space and also leases vehicles and equipment for use in its operations. At inception, the Company determines whether an agreement represents a lease and, at commencement, evaluates each lease agreement to determine whether the lease is an operating or finance lease.

These leases do not have significant rent escalations, holidays, concessions, leasehold improvement incentives, or other build-out clauses. The Company elected to adopt the practical expedient to account for both lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Certain leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at the Company's discretion. The Company regularly evaluates the renewal options and, when the options are reasonably certain of being exercised, they are included in the lease term.

Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance, and common area or other maintenance costs for leased facilities and vehicles and equipment, which are paid based on actual costs incurred.

Generally, leases do not provide an implicit rate; therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company uses a portfolio approach for determining the incremental borrowing rate based on the applicable lease terms and the current economic environment.

9
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


The following table summarizes the Company's operating and finance leases by country as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2019
 
United States
 
Canada
 
Total
Operating leases:
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate ROU assets, gross
$
109,139

 
$
16,032

 
$
125,171

Accumulated amortization
(16,143
)
 
(2,422
)
 
(18,565
)
Real estate ROU assets, net
$
92,996

 
$
13,610

 
$
106,606

Real estate lease liability
$
92,074

 
$
13,772

 
$
105,846

 
 
 
 
 
 
Vehicle and equipment ROU assets, gross
$
11,779

 
$
863

 
$
12,642

Accumulated amortization
(1,934
)
 
(177
)
 
(2,111
)
Vehicle and equipment ROU assets, net
$
9,845

 
$
686

 
$
10,531

Vehicle and equipment lease liability
$
9,822

 
$
682

 
$
10,504

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total ROU assets, net
$
102,841

 
$
14,296

 
$
117,137

Total operating lease liability
$
101,896

 
$
14,454

 
$
116,350

 
 
 
 
 
 
Finance leases included in property and equipment, net:

 

 
 
Vehicle and equipment ROU assets, gross
$
6,366

 
$
2,834

 
$
9,200

Accumulated depreciation
(1,468
)
 
(528
)
 
(1,996
)
Total vehicle and equipment ROU assets, net
$
4,898

 
$
2,306

 
$
7,204

Total vehicle and equipment lease liability
$
5,299

 
$
2,706

 
$
8,005



The components of lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Income Statement Classification
Operating leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lease cost
 
$
8,335

 
$
24,469

 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Variable lease cost
 
527

 
2,852

 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Operating lease cost
 
8,862

 
27,321

 
 
Finance leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of ROU assets
 
615

 
2,044

 
Depreciation and amortization
Interest on lease liabilities
 
106

 
347

 
Interest expense
Finance lease cost
 
721

 
2,391

 
 
Total lease cost
 
$
9,583

 
$
29,712

 
 


10
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Supplemental cash flow information for leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
 
Operating cash flows from operating leases
 
$
20,035

Financing cash flows from finance leases
 
$
2,002

 
 
 
Right-of-use-assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
 
 
Finance leases
 
$
203

Operating leases
 
$
136,204


The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2019, are as follows:
 
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
 
5.30
 
3.47
Weighted average discount rate
 
4.6%
 
5.2%

The following table reconciles the undiscounted future lease payments for operating and finance leases to operating and finance lease liabilities recorded on the balance sheet at September 30, 2019 (in thousands):
 
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
 
Total
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2019)
 
$
7,989

 
$
770

 
$
8,759

2020
 
30,941

 
2,902

 
33,843

2021
 
28,521

 
2,440

 
30,961

2022
 
22,564

 
1,492

 
24,056

2023
 
16,667

 
970

 
17,637

2024 and thereafter
 
24,545

 
150

 
24,695

Total lease payments
 
131,227

 
8,724

 
139,951

Less amount representing interest
 
(14,877
)
 
(719
)
 
(15,596
)
Total
 
$
116,350

 
$
8,005

 
$
124,355

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of lease liabilities
 
$
26,671

 
$
2,639

 
$
29,310

Long-term portion of lease liabilities
 
$
89,679


$
5,366

 
$
95,045


The Company's future minimum operating lease commitments, as of December 31, 2018, under ASC Topic 840, the predecessor to Topic 842, were as follows:
Years Ending December 31,
Total
2019
$
29,289

2020
26,202

2021
23,796

2022
18,120

2023
12,647

Thereafter
19,856

 
$
129,910






11
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



5.    Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company uses derivatives to manage selected foreign currency exchange rate risk for its investments in foreign subsidiaries and interest rate risk related to its variable rate debt. In general, the types of risks hedged are those relating to the variability of future earnings and cash flows caused by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and interest rates. The Company documents its risk management strategy and hedge effectiveness at the inception of and during the term of each hedge.

Interest Rate Swap

On January 31, 2019, the Company executed two interest rate swaps for a total notional amount of $310.0 million to fix the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) portion of its interest rate on its variable rate debt at 2.52% through January 31, 2022.

There is no significant credit risk associated with the potential failure of any counterparty to perform under the terms of the interest rate swaps.

The interest rate swaps are measured at fair value within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets either as an asset or a liability. As of September 30, 2019, the fair value of the interest rate swaps was $7.7 million and was recorded in non-current other liabilities. The Company did not have any interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2018.

The Company recorded losses of $0.6 million and $5.7 million, net of taxes of $0.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 recorded in comprehensive income (loss). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company did not have interest rate swaps outstanding.

Net Investment Hedge

On May 15, 2019, the Company terminated its foreign currency exchange rate contracts with total notional amounts of approximately $88.0 million. The Company recognized a gain of $2.5 million, net of taxes of $0.8 million, upon termination of the contracts, which was recorded in comprehensive income (loss). On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into new foreign currency exchange rate contracts with total notional amounts of $81.3 million. As of September 30, 2019, the amount of notional foreign currency exchange rate contracts outstanding was approximately $81.3 million. There is no significant credit risk associated with the potential failure of any counterparty to perform under the terms of any derivative financial instrument.

The net investment hedge is measured at fair value within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets either as an asset or a liability. As of September 30, 2019, the fair value of the derivative instrument was $0.1 million and was recorded in other non-current liabilities. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of the net investment hedge was $4.3 million and was recorded in other non-current assets.

The Company recognized a gain of $1.0 million and a loss of $0.7 million, net of taxes of $0.3 million and $0.3 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, related to the total change in fair value of the net investment hedge, which was recorded in comprehensive income (loss). The Company recognized a loss of $1.4 million and a gain of $0.8 million, respectively, net of taxes of $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, recorded in comprehensive income (loss), related to the effective portion of the net investment hedge.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, and reclassified $0.2 million from retained earnings to other comprehensive income (loss) related to the cumulative ineffective portion of the net investment hedge.


12
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6.    Acquisitions

The Company accounts for its acquisitions under the acquisition method, and accordingly, the results of operations of acquired entities are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. The purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Purchase accounting adjustments associated with the intangible asset valuations have been recorded as of September 30, 2019. The fair value of acquired intangible assets, primarily related to customer relationships, was estimated by applying a discounted cash flow model. That measure is based on significant Level 3 inputs not observable in the market. Key assumptions were developed based on the Company’s historical experience, future projections and comparable market data including future cash flows, long-term growth rates, implied royalty rates, attrition rates and discount rates. The purchase price allocations for the acquisitions set forth below are preliminary and subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the applicable acquisition dates.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company completed the following acquisitions:

Select Acoustic Supply Inc.

On May 1, 2019, the Company acquired all of the shares of Select Acoustic Supply Inc. ("Select"). Select was an independent distributor of drywall, steel framing, insulation, basement blanket and spray foam. Select operated one branch in the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada.

Builders' Supplies Limited II

On February 1, 2019, the Company acquired certain assets of Builders' Supplies Limited II and all of the shares of 2168828 Alberta Inc. and 2168829 Alberta Inc. (collectively, "BSL"). BSL was an independent distributor of specialty building products including wallboard, suspended ceiling systems, metal framing and insulation in the commercial market. BSL operated three branches in the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company completed the Select and BSL acquisitions ("2019 Acquisitions") for a total of $21.9 million, net of cash acquired. These acquisitions are not considered material. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Assets acquired:
 
 
     Cash
 
$
88

     Accounts receivable
 
6,095

     Other receivables
 
2,012

     Inventories
 
2,612

     Prepaid and other current assets
 
29

     Property and equipment
 
605

     Goodwill
 
5,019

     Intangible assets
 
8,953

          Total assets acquired
 
25,413

Liabilities assumed:
 

     Accounts payable
 
(3,125
)
     Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
(318
)
          Total liabilities assumed
 
(3,443
)
Total net assets acquired
 
$
21,970


13
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


The excess of purchase price over the fair value amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents the goodwill amount resulting from the acquisitions. Goodwill attributable to the acquisitions has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to review at least on an annual basis for impairment. Goodwill recognized was primarily attributable to expected operating efficiencies and expansion opportunities in the businesses acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets recognized from asset acquisitions are expected to be tax deductible. Generally, the most significant intangible asset acquired is customer relationships. The Company's acquisitions are generally subject to working capital adjustments; however, the Company does not expect any such adjustments to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Any adjustments to the purchase price allocation of these acquisitions will be made as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition dates. The pro forma impact of the acquisitions is not presented as the acquisitions were not considered material to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

7.    Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The change in goodwill from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 
Carrying Value
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
484,941

Goodwill acquired
5,019

Purchase price allocation adjustments from prior periods
(403
)
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates
758

Balance at September 30, 2019
$
490,315


Identifiable intangible assets that are separable and have determinable useful lives are valued separately and amortized over their benefit period. The following is the gross carrying value and accumulated amortization of the Company’s identifiable intangible assets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Tradenames
$
15,980

 
$
(12,778
)
 
$
3,202

 
$
15,980


$
(10,423
)
 
$
5,557

Customer relationships
259,756

 
(145,064
)
 
114,692

 
250,498


(112,757
)
 
137,741

Other intangible assets
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,489


(911
)
 
2,578

 
$
275,736

 
$
(157,842
)
 
$
117,894

 
$
269,967

 
$
(124,091
)
 
$
145,876

 
On January 1, 2019, the Company reclassified certain other intangible assets related to real estate leases to right-of-use assets in accordance with the applicable transition guidance in ASC 840, the predecessor to Topic 842.

The weighted average amortization period of these intangible assets in the aggregate is 3.7 years.

8.    Long-Term Debt

Debt consisted of the following at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
2018 Term Loan Facility
$
446,625

 
$
450,000

Unamortized deferred financing and issuance costs - term loan
(6,650
)
 
(7,500
)
2018 Revolving Credit Facility
134,306

 
146,000

Unamortized deferred financing costs - revolving credit facility
(3,933
)
 
(4,673
)
 
$
570,348

 
$
583,827


14
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


2018 Term Loan Facility

On August 13, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement by and among Alpha, Holdco, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “2018 Term Loan Facility”). The 2018 Term Loan Facility provides senior secured debt financing in an aggregate principal amount of $450.0 million and the right, at the Company’s option, to request additional tranches of term loans. Availability of such additional tranches of term loans will be subject to the absence of any default, and, among other things, the receipt of commitments by existing or additional financial institutions. Borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan Facility will bear interest at Holdco’s option at either (a) LIBOR determined by reference to the costs of funds for United States dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, which shall be no less than 0.00%, plus an applicable margin of 3.25% (or 3.00% if the first lien net leverage ratio (as defined in the 2018 Term Loan Facility) is no greater than 4.00 to 1.00), or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the prime commercial lending rate published by Royal Bank of Canada as its “prime rate,” (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (iii) one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, plus an applicable margin of 2.25% (or 2.00% if the first lien net leverage ratio is no greater than 4.00 to 1.00). The Company will be required to make scheduled quarterly payments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 0.25% of the aggregate principal amount of the initial term loans made on August 13, 2018, with the balance due on August 13, 2025, seven years after the closing date for the initial term loans (as defined in the 2018 Term Loan Facility).

Obligations under the 2018 Term Loan Facility are secured by a first priority lien on all Term Priority Collateral (as defined in the 2018 Term Loan Facility) and a second priority lien on all ABL Priority Collateral (as defined in the 2018 Term Loan Facility).

The 2018 Term Loan Facility contains a number of covenants that are subject to certain exceptions, restrict Alpha’s ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends on its equity securities or redeem, repurchase or retire its equity securities or other indebtedness, make investments, loans and acquisitions, create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to the Company from its restricted subsidiaries, engage in transactions with its affiliates, sell assets, including equity securities of its subsidiaries, alter the business it conducts, consolidate or merge and incur liens.

2018 Revolving Credit Facility

On August 13, 2018, Alpha, Holdco, as the lead borrower, the additional U.S. borrowers party thereto from time to time, the Canadian borrowers party thereto from time to time (collectively, the “ABL Borrowers”), the lenders party thereto from time to time, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “ABL Agent”), and the other agents party thereto, entered into the ABL Credit Agreement (the “2018 ABL Credit Agreement”), including the exhibits and schedules thereto (collectively, the “2018 Revolving Credit Facility”).

The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility provides for senior secured revolving credit financing, including a United States revolving credit facility of initially up to $375.0 million (the “United States Revolving Credit Facility”), a Canadian revolving credit subfacility of initially up to $75.0 million (the “Canadian Revolving Credit Subfacility”) and a “first-in-last-out” (“FILO”) subfacility in an amount of up to $25.0 million in amortizing loans (the “FILO Subfacility”), subject, in each case, to availability under the respective borrowing bases for each facility. On November 9, 2018, the Company terminated the $25.0 million FILO Subfacility. The aggregate amount of the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility is $375.0 million.

The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility includes a letter of credit subfacility, which permits up to $10.0 million of letters of credit under the United States Revolving Credit Facility (which may be denominated in United States dollars) and up to the dollar equivalent of $5.0 million of letters of credit under the Canadian Revolving Credit Subfacility (which may be denominated in Canadian dollars or United States dollars). In addition, pursuant to the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, up to $50.0 million in the case of the United States Revolving Credit Facility, and $10.0 million in the case of the Canadian Revolving Credit Subfacility, may be short-term borrowings upon same-day notice. The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility is scheduled to mature on August 13, 2023.


15
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The amount of available credit for each of the United States Revolving Credit Facility and the Canadian Revolving Credit Subfacility changes every month, depending on the amount of eligible trade accounts, eligible credit card receivables, eligible inventory, eligible qualifying equipment and eligible cash the United States and Canadian loan parties have available to serve as collateral. Generally, each of the United States Revolving Credit Facility and the Canadian Revolving Credit Subfacility is limited to the sum of (a) 85% of eligible trade accounts (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility), plus (b) 90% of eligible credit card accounts (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility), plus (c) the lesser of (i) 75% of the value of the eligible inventory (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility) and (ii) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of the eligible inventory, plus (d) the lesser of (i) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of eligible qualifying equipment and (ii) the amount obtained by multiplying (A) the amount obtained by dividing (x) the amount set forth in clause (c)(i) above by (y) the net book value of all eligible qualifying equipment as of the most recent annual appraisal, by (B) the net book value of eligible qualifying equipment (subject to amounts contributed to the borrowing base pursuant to this clause (d) being capped at the lesser of $50.0 million and 15% of the loan limit (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility)), plus (e) eligible cash (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility), minus (f) any eligible reserves on the borrowing base (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility). Available credit for each tranche is calculated separately, and the borrowing base components are subject to customary reserves and eligibility criteria.

Borrowings under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either an alternate base rate or Canadian prime rate, as applicable, plus an applicable margin (ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% pursuant to a grid based on average excess availability) or the LIBOR or Canadian CDOR rate (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility), as applicable, plus an applicable margin (ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% pursuant to a grid based on average excess availability). In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, the ABL Borrowers are required to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility ranging from 0.250% to 0.375% per annum and determined based on average utilization of the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility (increasing when utilization is low and decreasing when utilization is high).
 
As long as commitments are outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, the Company is subject to certain restrictions under the facility if the Company’s Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA to debt ratio (the “Total Net Leverage Ratio”) exceeds a certain total. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is defined as the ratio of Consolidated Total Debt to the aggregate amount of Consolidated EBITDA for the Relevant Reference Period (as such terms are defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility). Consolidated Total Debt is defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and is generally calculated as an amount equal to the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all third-party debt for borrowed money, unreimbursed drawings under letters of credit, capital lease obligations and third-party debt obligations evidenced by notes or similar instruments on a consolidated basis and determined in accordance with GAAP, subject to certain exclusions. Consolidated EBITDA is defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and is calculated in a similar manner to the Company’s calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, except that the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility permits pro forma adjustments in order to give effect to, among other things, the pro forma results of the Company’s acquisitions as if the Company had owned such acquired companies for the entirety of the Relevant Reference Period. These pro forma adjustments give effect to all acquisitions consummated in the four quarters ended September 30, 2019, as though they had been consummated on the first day of the first quarter for the four quarters ended September 30, 2019. The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility requires the Company to maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio no greater than 6.00:1.00 to incur additional junior lien and unsecured indebtedness.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $134.3 million of outstanding borrowings and $240.7 million of available aggregate undrawn borrowing capacity under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 3.8% and 4.0%, respectively.

2016 ABL Credit Facility

On August 13, 2018, Alpha terminated its revolving commitments under its $300.0 million 2016 asset-backed line of credit facility (the "2016 ABL Credit Facility"). The weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the 2016 ABL Credit Facility up to August 13, 2018 was 3.4%. Upon termination of the 2016 ABL Credit Facility, the Company expensed $0.7 million in deferred financing costs and carried over $2.6 million of deferred financing costs to the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility.

16
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


Senior Secured Notes

On August 15, 2018, the Company redeemed the entire $575.0 million principal amount of its outstanding Senior Secured Notes (the "Notes") at a redemption price equal to 104.125% of the principal amount of Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Notes were issued in a private placement on August 9, 2016, at an issue price of 100% of the principal with a stated interest rate of 8.25%.

Upon redemption of the Notes, the Company expensed $57.8 million of deferred financing costs, original issuance discounts and prepayment premiums, which were included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in loss on extinguishment of debt.

Debt Issuance Costs

Unamortized deferred financing and issuance costs as of September 30, 2019 were $10.6 million, of which $6.7 million was included in long-term portion of term loan, net and $3.9 million for the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility was included in other long-term assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2018 were $12.2 million, of which $7.5 million was included in long-term portion of term loan, net and $4.7 million for the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility was included in other long-term assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and the 2018 Term Loan Facility.

9. Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Company's initial public offering ("IPO"), the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement ("TRA") with Parent 2 that provides for the payment by the Company to Parent 2 of 90% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income tax that the Company realizes (or in some circumstances is deemed to realize) as a result of the utilization of the Company's and the Company’s subsidiaries’ (a) depreciation and amortization deductions, and any offset to taxable income and gain or increase to taxable loss, resulting from the tax basis the Company has in its assets at the consummation of the IPO, (b) net operating losses, (c) tax credits and (d) certain other tax attributes. At the end of each reporting period, any changes in the Company's estimate of the liability will be recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations as a component of other income (expense). The timing and amount of future tax benefits associated with the TRA are subject to change, and future payments may be required which could be materially different from the current estimated liability. The TRA will remain in effect until all tax benefits have been used or expired, unless the TRA is terminated early.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the TRA liability balance was $117.9 million and $134.6 million, respectively. The first payment related to the TRA was made in January 2019 for $16.7 million. The next TRA payment is anticipated to be made in the first quarter of 2020. This payment is estimated to be $27.7 million, and is reflected as a current liability as of September 30, 2019.

10.   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized changes in fair value on certain derivative instruments.


17
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were as follows (in thousands):
 
Foreign Currency Translation (Losses) Gains
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, Net of Taxes
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
(3,085
)

$
2,904


$
(181
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
2,317


(6,436
)

(4,119
)
Balance at September 30, 2019
$
(768
)

$
(3,532
)

$
(4,300
)

11.   Contingencies

The Company is involved in certain legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company regularly assesses such matters to determine the degree of probability that the Company will incur a material loss as a result of such matters as well as the range of possible loss. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the Company’s financial statements if it is probable the Company will incur a loss and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company reviews all claims, proceedings and investigations at least quarterly and establishes or adjusts any accruals for such matters to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. All legal costs associated with such matters are expensed as incurred. Because of uncertainties related to pending actions, the Company is currently unable to predict the ultimate outcome of such legal actions, and, with respect to any legal action where no liability has been accrued, to make a meaningful estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss that could result from an adverse outcome.

Historically, the claims, proceedings and investigations brought against the Company, individually and in the aggregate, have not had a material adverse effect on the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the Company. As of September 30, 2019, there were no proceedings or litigation involving the Company that management believes would have a material adverse impact on its business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

12.   Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, derivative instruments, accounts payable, long-term debt and accrued liabilities. The carrying value of the Company’s trade receivables, accounts payable, the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to their short-term maturity. The Company may adjust the carrying amount of certain nonfinancial assets to fair value on a non-recurring basis when they are impaired.

The estimated carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments and other assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands):
 
Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2019
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
Total Fair Value
Recurring:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Derivative liability (Note 5)
$
—


$
(7,781
)

$
—


$
(7,781
)

18
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


The estimated carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments and other assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (in thousands):
 
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
Total Fair Value
Recurring:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative asset (Note 5)
$
—

 
$
4,344

 
$
—

 
$
4,344


The fair value of derivative assets and liabilities is determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs including interest rates and exchange rates to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors to value the position. A majority of market inputs is actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services. The fair value of derivative assets and liabilities includes adjustments for market liquidity, counterparty credit quality and other instrument-specific factors, where appropriate. In addition, the Company incorporates within its fair value measurements a valuation adjustment to reflect the credit risk associated with the net position. Positions are netted by counterparties, and fair value for net long exposures is adjusted for counterparty credit risk while the fair value for net short exposures is adjusted for the Company’s own credit risk.

13.    Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $5.8 million and $13.2 million, respectively, compared to an income tax benefit of $12.5 million and $13.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company's effective tax rates were 31.2% and 29.1%, respectively. The variance from the statutory federal tax rate of 21.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, was primarily due to state taxes, Global Intangible Low Taxed Income provision, non-deductible items and foreign rate differential.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company's effective tax rates were 25.0% and 25.8%, respectively. The variance from the statutory federal tax rate of 21.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to state income taxes, non-deductible items and a foreign rate differential partially offset by a reduction in valuation allowance treated as a discrete item during the quarter. The variance from the statutory federal rate of 21.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the same items impacting the three-month rate, partially offset by a refinement of the provisional estimate of the one-time repatriation tax under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act treated as a discrete item during the first quarter.

14.    Segments

Segment information is presented in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, which establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about customers, products and geographic areas. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities that earn revenues, incur expenses and prepare separate financial information that is evaluated regularly by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") in order to allocate resources and assess performance. Resources are allocated and performance is assessed by the CODM.

Based on the provisions of ASC 280, the Company has defined its operating segment by considering management structure and product offerings. This evaluation resulted in one reportable segment.

As discussed in Note 3, Discontinued Operations, the Company closed the sale of the Disposed Business on November 1, 2018, which was previously reported as the Mechanical Insulation segment. The previously reported amounts for the Mechanical Insulation segment have been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented. The Company’s continuing operations now consist of what was previously reported as the Specialty Building Products segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.


19
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Revenues are attributed to each country based on the location in which sales originate and in which assets are located. The Company generates the majority of its revenue in the United States with the remainder being generated in Canada. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, 90.1% and 9.9% of the Company's revenue was generated in the United States and Canada, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, 90.4% and 9.6% of the Company's revenue was generated in the United States and Canada, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, 90.0% and 10.0% of the Company's revenue was generated in the United States and Canada, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 88.6% and 11.4% of the Company's revenue was generated in the United States and Canada, respectively.

The following table sets forth property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, goodwill and intangibles by geographic area (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Property, plant and equipment, net
 
 
 
United States
$
138,738

 
$
137,252

Canada
14,556

 
14,389

Total property, plant and equipment, net
$
153,294

 
$
151,641

Right-of-use assets, net
 
 
 
United States
$
102,841

 
$
—

Canada
14,296

 
—

Total right-of-use assets, net
$
117,137


$
—

Goodwill
 
 
 
United States
$
459,978

 
$
460,384

Canada
30,337

 
24,557

Total goodwill
$
490,315

 
$
484,941

Intangibles, net


 
 
United States
$
105,959

 
$
141,186

Canada
11,935

 
4,690

Total intangibles, net
$
117,894

 
$
145,876

         
The Company’s net sales by major product line are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wallboard
$
207,326

36.7
%
 
$
203,991

37.6
%
 
$
3,335

 
1.6
%
Suspended ceiling systems
118,873

21.0
%
 
104,422

19.3
%
 
14,451

 
13.8
%
Metal framing
98,817

17.5
%
 
98,576

18.2
%
 
241

 
0.2
%
Complementary and other products
139,890

24.8
%
 
135,284

24.9
%
 
4,606

 
3.4
%
Total net sales
$
564,906

100.0
%
 
$
542,273

100.0
%
 
$
22,633

 
4.2
%
 


20
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wallboard
$
624,299

38.1
%

$
583,242

38.2
%
 
$
41,057


7.0
%
Suspended ceiling systems
314,045

19.2
%

288,356

18.9
%
 
$
25,689


8.9
%
Metal framing
300,493

18.3
%

264,019

17.3
%
 
$
36,474


13.8
%
Complementary and other products
400,852

24.4
%

392,536

25.7
%
 
8,316


2.1
%
Total net sales
$
1,639,689

100.0
%

$
1,528,153

100.0
%
 
$
111,536


7.3
%


15. Other Current Liabilities

The balance of other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Accrued expenses
$
5,496

 
$
5,080

Accrued interest
152

 
1,315

Accrued other
18,002

 
13,584

Total other current liabilities
$
23,650

 
$
19,979


16. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share represents net income (loss) for the period divided by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

The following are the number of shares of common stock used to compute the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for each period:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Weighted average shares used in basic computations
 
42,988,829

 
42,894,474

 
42,969,797

 
42,889,430

Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units
 
519,849

 
22,756

 
204,554

 
15,843

Weighted average shares used in diluted computations
 
43,508,678

 
42,917,230

 
43,174,351

 
42,905,273


For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were 324,495 and 525,012 shares, respectively, not included in the computation of diluted weighted average shares because their effect would have been antidilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were 66,619 and 135,780 shares, respectively, not included in the computation of diluted weighted average shares because their effect would have been antidilutive.

21
Foundation Building Materials, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


17.    Subsequent Events

On October 1, 2019, the Company acquired the operations and substantially all of the assets of Joe's Wallboard Supply Co. of Colorado Springs, Inc. (“Wallboard Supply”). Wallboard Supply was a distributor of drywall and accessories, steel framing, insulation, tools and fasteners. Wallboard Supply operated one branch in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

On October 1, 2019, the Company acquired the operations and substantially all of the assets of The Supply Guy, Inc. (“TSG”). TSG was a distributor of tools, fasteners, and other related products. TSG operated one branch in Lakewood, Washington.




22


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This section and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statement. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "potential," "predicts," "projects," "should," "will," "would" or similar expressions. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, and our management’s beliefs and assumptions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February 26, 2019, or the 2018 10-K, as updated by our subsequent filings with the SEC.

Unless required by law, we expressly undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

We are one of the largest specialty distributors of wallboard and suspended ceiling systems in the U.S. and Canada. Since 2013, we have completed more than 30 acquisitions. We have over 175 branches, 3,400 employees and 30,000 SKUs.

We have a national operating model supported by local market expertise and an entrepreneurial, customer-centric culture. Our strong national brand and acquisition expertise have established us as the distributor of choice for leading suppliers, and we have over 22,000 customers across construction-related end markets. We believe that we are able to maintain our local market excellence due to our longstanding customer relationships, dependable service and market-specific product offerings that cater to local market trends and preferences.

On November 1, 2018, we completed the sale of our Mechanical Insulation segment, or the Disposed Business, to SPI LLC, an unrelated third party controlled by Dunes Point Capital and its associated funds, for approximately $122.5 million (subject to certain adjustments). As a result of this sale, we operate in one segment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Disposed Business is presented as discontinued operations. See Note 3, Discontinued Operations, to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Third Quarter Update

Financial Results

We reported net sales of $564.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $22.6 million, or 4.2%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018, including base business net sales growth of 1.1%. Our gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was 30.4% compared to 28.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, due to improved profitability across our product lines driven by continued development of our pricing and purchasing initiatives.

2019 Acquisitions

We supplement our organic growth strategy with selective acquisitions. Since January 2019 through the date of this filing, we have completed four acquisitions totaling six branches. See Note 6, Acquisitions, and Note 17, Subsequent Events, to the condensed consolidated financial statements. We are typically evaluating several acquisition opportunities at any given time and maintain an extensive and active acquisition pipeline. We believe expansion of our geographic footprint and product offerings by executing additional strategic acquisitions presents a significant opportunity for our business. In executing our acquisition strategy and integrating acquired companies, we focus on the cost savings we can achieve through combined procurement and pricing programs and brand consolidation. The 2019 acquisitions completed contributed $6.6 million to net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and $15.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.


23

Acquisitions
 
Effective Date of Acquisition
 
Branch Locations
 
# of Branches Acquired
Joe's Wallboard Supply Co. of Colorado Springs, Inc.
 
October 1, 2019
 
Colorado
 
1
The Supply Guy, Inc.
 
October 1, 2019
 
Washington
 
1
Select Acoustic Supply Inc.
 
May 1, 2019
 
Ontario, Canada
 
1
Builders' Supplies Limited II
 
February 1, 2019
 
Ontario, Canada
 
3
Total
 
 
 
 
 
6

Factors and Trends Affecting Our Business and Results of Operations

See Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in the 2018 10-K for a discussion of the general and specific factors and trends affecting our business and results of operations, which include general economic conditions, new non-residential construction, new residential construction, non-residential repair and remodel construction, volume, costs and pricing programs. There have been no material changes to those factors and trends during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.



24

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

The following table summarizes certain consolidated financial information related to our operating results for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of operations data
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$
564,906

100.0
 %
 
$
542,273

100.0
 %
Cost of goods sold
393,111

69.6
 %
 
388,236

71.6
 %
Gross profit
171,795

30.4
 %
 
154,037

28.4
 %
Operating expenses:

 
 

 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
123,907

21.9
 %
 
113,279

20.9
 %
Depreciation and amortization
20,218

3.6
 %
 
19,771

12.8
 %
Total operating expenses
144,125

25.5
 %
 
133,050

24.5
 %
Income from operations
27,670

4.9
 %
 
20,987

3.9
 %
Loss on extinguishment debt
—

—
 %
 
(58,475
)
(10.8
)%
Interest expense
(9,118
)
(1.6
)%
 
(12,576
)
(2.3
)%
Other expense, net
(89
)
—
 %
 
(8
)
—
 %
Income (loss) before income taxes
18,463

3.3
 %
 
(50,072
)
1.3
 %
Income tax expense (benefit)
5,754

1.0
 %
 
(12,519
)
(8.1
)%
Income (loss) from continuing operations
12,709

2.3
 %
 
(37,553
)
(6.9
)%
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

—
 %
 
2,772

0.5
 %
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
(11
)
—
 %
 
—

—
 %
Net income (loss)
$
12,698

2.3
 %
 
$
(34,781
)
(6.4
)%

Our net sales by major product line, gross profit and gross margin, are as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30,

Change

2019

2018

$

%
(dollars in thousands)












Wallboard
$
207,326

36.7
%

$
203,991

37.6
%

$
3,335


1.6
%
Suspended ceiling systems
118,873

21.0
%

104,422

19.3
%

14,451


13.8
%
Metal framing
98,817

17.5
%

98,576

18.2
%

241


0.2
%
Complementary and other products
139,890

24.8
%

135,284

24.9
%

4,606


3.4
%
Total net sales
$
564,906

100.0
%

$
542,273

100.0
%

$
22,633


4.2
%
Total gross profit
$
171,795



$
154,037



$
17,758


11.5
%
Total gross margin
30.4
%


28.4
%


2.0
%





25

Net Sales
Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were $564.9 million compared to $542.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $22.6 million, or 4.2%. Net sales from base business branches contributed $5.2 million of the net sales increase. The base business increase was primarily due to strong commercial activity and product expansion into new geographic markets. Net sales from acquired branches and existing branches that were strategically combined contributed $17.4 million of the net sales increase. We continue to experience some softness in the Canadian market, and adverse weather in the quarter impacted deliveries to our customers.
The change in our base business net sales was primarily driven by the following factors:

•
a decrease in wallboard net sales of $3.9 million, or 2.0%, primarily due to a decrease in average selling price of 0.9% and a decrease in volume of 1.1%;

•
an increase in suspended ceiling systems net sales of $9.7 million, or 11.0%, primarily due an increase in selling price and increased sales initiatives;

•
a decrease in metal framing net sales of $3.0 million, or 3.3%, primarily due to normalization in product costs as compared to the tariff-driven price increases in the previous period; and

•
an increase in complementary and other product net sales of $2.5 million, or 2.0%, primarily due to our continued initiatives to increase complementary product sales partially offset by weaker sales in Canada.

The table below highlights net sales from our base business and acquired and combined branches:

Three Months Ended September 30,

Change

2019

2018

$

%
(dollars in thousands)











Base business (1)
$
500,834


$
495,613


$
5,221


1.1
%
Acquired and combined (2)
64,072


46,660


17,412


37.3
%
Net sales
$
564,906


$
542,273


$
22,633


4.2
%
(1) Represents net sales from branches that were owned by us since January 1, 2018 and branches that were opened by us during such period.
(2) Represents branches acquired and combined after January 1, 2018, primarily as a result of our strategic combination of branches.


26

The table below highlights our changes in base business net sales and net sales from branches acquired and combined by major product line:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

Base Business Net Sales Change

Acquired and Combined Net Sales Change

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Total Net Sales % Change
Base Business Net Sales % Change(1)

Acquired and Combined Net Sales % Change(2)
(dollars in thousands)












Wallboard
$
203,991


$
(3,872
)

$
7,207


$
207,326


1.6
%
(2.0
)%

57.1
%
Suspended ceiling systems
104,422


9,654


4,797


118,873


13.8
%
11.0
 %

28.6
%
Metal framing
98,576


(3,032
)

3,273


98,817


0.2
%
(3.3
)%

51.2
%
Complementary and other products
135,284


2,471


2,135


139,890


3.4
%
2.0
 %

19.6
%
Net sales
$
542,273


$
5,221


$
17,412


$
564,906


4.2
%
1.1
 %

37.3
%
Average daily net sales(3)
$
8,608


$
83


$
276


$
8,967


4.2
%
1.1
 %

37.3
%
(1) Represents base business net sales change as a percentage of base business net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
(2) Represents acquired and combined net sales as a percentage of acquired and combined net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
(3) The number of business days for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were 63 and 63, respectively.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was $171.8 million compared to $154.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $17.8 million, or 11.5%. Gross profit increased due to an expansion of our gross margin and an increase in sales from acquisitions.

Gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was 30.4% compared to 28.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to improved profitability across our product lines driven by our ongoing pricing and purchasing initiatives and continued stabilization of our product costs.

Selling, General & Administrative ("SG&A") Expenses

SG&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were $123.9 million compared to $113.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $10.6 million, or 9.4%. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses were 21.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to 20.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to our continued investment in various company-wide initiatives.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $20.2 million compared to $19.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $0.4 million, or 2.3%. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to acquisitions subsequent to September 30, 2018, which increased the value of property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was $9.1 million compared to $12.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing a decrease of $3.5 million, or 27.5%. The decrease is primarily due to the refinancing of our senior secured notes in August 2018. See Note 8, Long-Term Debt, to the condensed consolidated financial statements.



27

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

In August 2018, we completed the refinancing of our $575.0 million Senior Secured Notes, or the Notes, to reduce our interest rate. The refinancing resulted in a loss of $58.5 million consisting primarily of deferred financing costs and original issuance discounts, which were written off, and a prepayment premium.
Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $5.8 million compared to an income tax benefit of $12.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was 31.2% compared to 25.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The difference in the effective tax rates between periods is due primarily to the impact the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income, or GILTI, provisions had on reported earnings in 2019 and a reduction in valuation allowance treated as a discrete item during the third quarter of 2018.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
The following table summarizes certain consolidated financial information related to our operating results for the periods indicated:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of operations data
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$
1,639,689

100.0
 %
 
$
1,528,153

100.0
 %
Cost of goods sold
1,143,397

69.7
 %
 
1,093,412

71.6
 %
Gross profit
496,292

30.3
 %
 
434,741

28.4
 %
Operating expenses:

 
 

 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
363,872

22.2
 %
 
328,088

21.5
 %
Depreciation and amortization
60,911

3.7
 %
 
56,922

13.1
 %
Total operating expenses
424,783

25.9
 %
 
385,010

25.2
 %
Income from operations
71,509

4.4
 %
 
49,731

3.3
 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

—
 %
 
(58,475
)
(3.8
)%
Interest expense
(26,015
)
(1.6
)%
 
(43,028
)
(2.8
)%
Other (expense) income, net
(4
)
—
 %
 
126

—
 %
Income (loss) before income taxes
45,490

2.8
 %
 
(51,646
)
1.3
 %
Income tax expense (benefit)
13,232

0.8
 %
 
(13,299
)
(3.1
)%
Income (loss) from continuing operations
32,258

2.0
 %
 
(38,347
)
(2.5
)%
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

—
 %
 
7,913

0.5
 %
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
(1,401
)
(0.1
)%
 
—

—
 %
Net income (loss)
$
30,857

1.9
 %
 
$
(30,434
)
(2.0
)%













28


Our net sales by major product line, gross profit and gross margin, are as follows:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wallboard
$
624,299

38.1
%

$
583,242

38.2
%
 
$
41,057


7.0
%
Suspended ceiling systems
314,045

19.2
%

288,356

18.9
%
 
25,689


8.9
%
Metal framing
300,493

18.3
%

264,019

17.3
%
 
36,474


13.8
%
Complementary and other products
400,852

24.4
%

392,536

25.7
%
 
8,316


2.1
%
Total net sales
$
1,639,689

100.0
%

$
1,528,153

100.0
%
 
$
111,536


7.3
%
Total gross profit
$
496,292



$
434,741


 
$
61,551


14.2
%
Total gross margin
30.3
%


28.4
%

 
1.9
%




Net Sales
Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $1,639.7 million compared to $1,528.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $111.5 million, or 7.3%. There was one less day in the current period as compared to the prior period. Average daily net sales increased 7.9% over the prior period. Net sales from base business branches contributed $51.1 million of the net sales increase, and average daily base business net sales increased by 4.2% over the prior period. Net sales from acquired branches and existing branches that were strategically combined contributed $60.4 million of the net sales increase. The base business net sales increase was primarily due to strong commercial activity and product expansion into new geographic markets. The change in our base business net sales was also driven by the following factors:

•
an increase in wallboard net sales of $9.3 million, or 1.7%, primarily due to an increase in average selling price of 0.9%, product mix, and an increase in wallboard unit volume of 0.8%. On an average daily net sales basis, wallboard increased by 2.2% driven by an average daily unit volume growth of 1.3%;

•
an increase in suspended ceiling systems net sales of $12.1 million, or 4.9%. On an average daily net sales basis, suspended ceiling systems increased by 5.4%, which was primarily due to an increase in average selling price and product mix;

•
an increase in metal framing net sales of $19.6 million, or 7.7%. On an average daily net sales basis, metal framing increased by 8.3%. The increase in metal framing net sales was primarily due to an increase in volume primarily due to commercial construction activity; and

•
an increase in complementary and other product net sales of $10.1 million, or 2.9%. On an average daily net sales basis, complementary and other products increased by 3.4%, primarily due to our continued initiatives to increase complementary product sales.

The table below highlights net sales from our base business and acquired and combined branches:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base business (1)
$
1,460,741


$
1,409,632


$
51,109


3.6
%
Acquired and combined (2)
178,948


118,521


60,427


51.0
%
Net sales
$
1,639,689


$
1,528,153


$
111,536


7.3
%
(1) Represents net sales from branches that were owned by us since January 1, 2018 and branches that were opened by us during such period.
(2) Represents branches acquired and combined after January 1, 2018, primarily as a result of our strategic combination of branches.

29

The table below highlights our changes in base business net sales and net sales from branches acquired and combined by major product line:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Base Business Net Sales Change
 
Acquired and Combined Net Sales Change
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Total Net Sales % Change
Base Business Net Sales % Change(1)
 
Acquired and Combined Net Sales % Change(2)
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wallboard
$
583,242


$
9,257


$
31,800


$
624,299


7.0
%
1.7
%

112.0
 %
Suspended ceiling systems
288,356


12,113


13,576


314,045


8.9
%
4.9
%

34.9
 %
Metal framing
264,019


19,590


16,884


300,493


13.8
%
7.7
%

151.3
 %
Complementary and other products
392,536


10,149


(1,833
)

400,852


2.1
%
2.9
%

(4.6
)%
Net sales
$
1,528,153


$
51,109


$
60,427


$
1,639,689


7.3
%
3.6
%

51.0
 %
Average daily net sales(3)
$
8,001


$
308


$
321


$
8,630


7.9
%
4.2
%

51.8
 %
(1) Represents base business net sales change as a percentage of base business net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
(2) Represents acquired and combined net sales as a percentage of acquired and combined net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
(3) The number of business days for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were 190 and 191, respectively.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $496.3 million compared to $434.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $61.6 million, or 14.2%. Gross profit increased due to an expansion of our gross margin, an increase in sales from acquisitions and base business growth.

Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was 30.3% compared to 28.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to improved profitability across our product lines driven by our ongoing pricing and purchasing initiatives and continued stabilization of our product costs.

Selling, General & Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $363.9 million compared to $328.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $35.8 million, or 10.9%. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses were 22.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to 21.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to our continued investment in various company-wide initiatives and higher operating costs as a result of adverse weather conditions.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $60.9 million compared to $57.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $4.0 million, or 7.0%. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to acquisitions subsequent to September 30, 2018, which increased the value of property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $26.0 million compared to $43.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing a decrease of $17.0 million, or 39.5%. The decrease is primarily due to the refinancing of our Notes in August 2018. See Note 8, Long-Term Debt, to the condensed consolidated financial statements.




30

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

In August 2018, we completed the refinancing of the Notes to reduce our interest rate. The refinancing resulted in a loss of $58.5 million consisting primarily of deferred financing costs and original issuance discounts, which were written off, and a prepayment premium.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $13.2 million compared to an income tax benefit of $13.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 29.1% compared to 25.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The difference in the effective tax rates between periods is due primarily to the impact the GILTI provisions had on reported earnings in 2019, a reduction in valuation allowance treated as a discrete item during the third quarter of 2018 and a refinement of the provisional estimate of the one-time repatriation tax under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act during the first quarter of 2018.
Liquidity and Capital Resources

Summary

We depend on cash flow from operations, cash on hand and funds available under our 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, and, in the future, we may depend on other debt financings allowed under the terms of the 2018 Term Loan Facility and the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, and equity financings to finance our acquisition strategy, working capital needs and capital expenditures. We believe that these sources of funds will be adequate to meet our debt service requirements and provide cash, as required, to support our strategy, ongoing operations, capital expenditures, lease obligations and working capital for at least the next 12 months. However, we cannot ensure that we will be able to obtain future debt or equity financings adequate for our future cash requirements on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The tax receivable agreement, or TRA, we are a party to may also have a negative impact on our liquidity if, among other things, payments we make under the TRA exceed the actual cash savings we and our subsidiaries realize in respect of the tax benefits covered by the TRA after we have paid our taxes and other obligations. In addition, as a result of either an early termination of the TRA or a change of control, we could be required to make payments under the TRA that exceed our actual cash savings under the TRA. In these situations, our obligations under the TRA could have a substantial, negative impact on our liquidity and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing, among other things, our capital expenditures and acquisitions.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay additional acquisitions, future investments and capital expenditures, seek additional capital, restructure or refinance our indebtedness, or sell our assets. Significant delays in our ability to finance planned acquisitions or capital expenditures may materially and adversely affect our future sales prospects. In addition, we cannot ensure that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and 2018 Term Loan Facility, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Our TRA requires that after Lone Star Fund IX (U.S.) L.P., or Lone Star, no longer controls us, any future senior debt document that refinances or replaces our existing indebtedness must permit our subsidiaries to make dividends to us, without any conditions, to the extent required for us to make payments under the TRA, unless Lone Star otherwise consents. At the time of any such potential refinancing, it may not be possible to include this term in such senior debt documents, and, as a result, we may require Lone Star’s consent to complete such a refinancing. In addition, the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and 2018 Term Loan Facility restrict our ability to enter into certain asset sales transactions. We may not be able to consummate those asset sales to raise capital or sell assets at prices that we believe are fair, and proceeds that we do receive may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.
 
As of September 30, 2019, we had $134.3 million of outstanding borrowings and $240.7 million of available aggregate undrawn borrowing capacity under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility.

See Note 8, Long-Term Debt, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information about the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and 2018 Term Loan Facility.



31

As long as commitments are outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, we are subject to certain restrictions under the facility if our Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA to debt ratio, or the Total Net Leverage Ratio, exceeds a certain ratio. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is defined as the ratio of Consolidated Total Debt to the aggregate amount of Consolidated EBITDA for the Relevant Reference Period (as such terms are defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility). Consolidated Total Debt is defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and is generally calculated as an amount equal to the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all third-party debt for borrowed money, unreimbursed drawings under letters of credit, capital lease obligations, and third-party debt obligations evidenced by notes or similar instruments on a consolidated basis and determined in accordance with GAAP, subject to certain exclusions. Consolidated EBITDA is defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and is calculated in a similar manner to our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, except that the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility permits pro forma adjustments in order to give effect to, among other things, the pro forma results of our acquisitions as if we had owned such acquired companies for the entirety of the Relevant Reference Period. These pro forma adjustments give effect to all acquisitions consummated in the four quarters ended September 30, 2019, as though they had been consummated on the first day of the first quarter for the four quarters ended September 30, 2019. The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility requires us to maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio no greater than 6.00:1.00 to incur additional junior lien and unsecured indebtedness.

As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenant restrictions under the 2018 Term Loan Facility and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. The following tables present the Total Net Leverage Ratio and Net Debt Leverage Ratio as of September 30, 2019:

(dollars in thousands)
 
Four Quarters Ended September 30, 2019
Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA (1) 
 
$
181,942

Consolidated Total Debt (2) 
 
$
588,936

Total Net Leverage Ratio
 
3.24x

Cash
 
$
22,668

Consolidated Total Debt (2) less Cash ("Net Debt")
 
$
566,268

Net Debt Leverage Ratio
 
3.11x

(1) "Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA" is used herein instead of "Consolidated EBITDA" to avoid confusion but is calculated in the same manner as Consolidated EBITDA under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA for the four quarters ended September 30, 2019:

 
 
Four Quarters Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands)
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA (a)
 
$
179,048

Pro forma adjustment (b)
 
2,894

Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
181,942

(a) See the section titled "Non-GAAP Financial Information" for a reconciliation of net income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA.
(b) The pro forma adjustment gives effect to all acquisitions consummated in the four quarters ended September 30, 2019, as though they had been consummated on the first day of the first quarter for the four quarters ended September 30, 2019. Other adjustments are also made to conform to the terms of the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility.

(2) The reconciliation of total debt on the balance sheet to Consolidated Total Debt is as follows:
 
 
 
As of September 30, 2019
(in thousands)
 
 
Total gross debt
 
$
580,931

Finance leases
 
8,005

Consolidated Total Debt
 
$
588,936


32


Cash Flows

A summary of net cash provided by, or used in, operating, investing and financing activities by continuing operations is shown in the following table:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$
87,253


$
(873
)
Net cash used in investing activities
$
(44,758
)

$
(96,771
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
$
(33,923
)

$
99,372


Operating Activities

Net cash provided by, or used in, operating activities consists primarily of net income (loss) adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, provision for doubtful accounts, right-of-use assets, deferred income taxes and the effects of changes in working capital.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $88.1 million to $87.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to net cash used of $0.9 million in the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher net income including adjustments for higher non-cash items of $45.7 million and lower working capital requirements of $42.4 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities consists primarily of acquisitions and capital expenditures, including purchases of land, buildings, leasehold improvements, fleet assets, information technology and other equipment. Capital expenditures vary depending on prevailing business factors, including current and anticipated market conditions.

Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $52.0 million to $44.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $96.8 million in the same period in 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a lower aggregate purchase price for acquisitions of $48.5 and proceeds from termination of the net investment hedge of $3.3 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by, or used in, financing activities consists primarily of borrowings and related repayments under our financing agreements.

Net cash used in financing activities increased by $133.3 million to $33.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $99.4 million in the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily due to lower borrowings of $116.6 million and the first payment under the TRA of $16.7 million in 2019.

Secondary Public Offering
 
On September 24, 2019, LSF9 Cypress Parent 2 LLC (the “Selling Stockholder”) an affiliate of Lone Star, sold 4,750,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $17.00 per share.  The Selling Stockholder also granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to an additional 712,500 shares of our common stock. On October 11, 2019, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase the additional 712,500 shares of our common stock. As a result of the sale, the aggregate beneficial ownership of Lone Star decreased from 65.3% to 52.6% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of October 11, 2019, and we remain a “Controlled Company” under the corporate governance standards of the New York Stock Exchange. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the common stock by the Selling Stockholder.


33

Critical Accounting Policies

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period.

On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventories, taxes, and goodwill. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no material changes made to the critical accounting estimates during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements from those disclosed in the 2018 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2019, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements or similar obligations, such as financing or unconsolidated variable interest entities.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

In addition to our results under GAAP, we also present Adjusted EBITDA for historical periods. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and has been presented as a supplemental measure of financial performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations before loss on extinguishment of debt, interest expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, unrealized loss (gain) on derivative financial instruments, offering and public company readiness expenses, stock-based compensation, and other non-recurring adjustments such as non-cash purchase accounting effects, loss (gain) on the disposal of property and equipment and transaction costs. We calculated Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA and Net Debt Leverage Ratio as shown in the previous section entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” which are also non-GAAP financial measures.

Adjusted EBITDA is presented because it is an important metric used by management to assess our financial performance. We also believe Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. This measure, when used in conjunction with related GAAP financial measures, provides investors with an additional financial analytical framework that may be useful in assessing our company and its financial condition and results of operations.

Adjusted EBITDA has certain limitations. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income, or any other measure of financial performance derived in accordance with GAAP. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a liquidity measure because of certain limitations such as:

•
It does not reflect our cash outlays for capital expenditures or future contractual commitments;
•
It does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, working capital;
•
It does not reflect interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on indebtedness;
•
It does not reflect income tax expense or the cash necessary to pay income taxes; and
•
Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and this non-GAAP measure does not reflect cash requirements for such replacements.
 
Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may not use these measures or may calculate one or both differently than as presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, limiting their usefulness as a comparative measure.


34

In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we will incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments made in our calculations, and our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed to mean that our future results will be unaffected by such adjustments. Management compensates for these limitations by using Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental financial metric and in conjunction with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP information should be read in conjunction with our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income (loss) from continuing operations (unaudited):

Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,

2019

2018
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)



 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
12,709


$
(37,553
)

$
32,258


$
(38,347
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
—


58,475


—


58,475

Interest expense, net
9,012


12,544


25,999


42,957

Income tax expense (benefit)
5,754


(12,519
)

13,232


(13,299
)
Depreciation and amortization
20,218


19,771


60,911


56,922

Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative financial instruments
—


78


—


(56
)
Offering and public company readiness expenses(a)
378


—


378


89

Stock-based compensation
1,117


633


3,056


1,512

Non-cash purchase accounting effects(b)
—


6


—


413

Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment
13


339


(54
)

614

Transaction costs(c)
819


1,967


2,046


4,670

Adjusted EBITDA
$
50,020


$
43,741


$
137,826


$
113,950

Adjusted EBITDA margin(d)
8.9
%

8.1
%

8.4
%
 
7.5
%
  
(a)
Represents costs related to our initial public offering, secondary offering, and public company readiness expenses.
(b)
Adjusts for the effect of the purchase accounting step-up in the value of inventory to fair value recognized as a result of acquisitions.
(c)
Represents costs related to our transactions, including fees to financial advisors, accountants, attorneys and other professionals as well as certain internal corporate development costs.
(d)
Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales.




35


Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Other than as disclosed in Note 5, Derivatives and Hedging Activities, of the condensed consolidated financial statements, there have been no material changes to the information regarding market risk provided in Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of our 2018 10-K.


Item 4.    Controls and Procedures. 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of September 30, 2019, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our system of internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed or operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system of internal control are met. The design of our control system reflects the fact that there are resource constraints, and that the benefits of such control system must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control failures and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the intentional acts of individuals, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that the design of any particular control will always succeed in achieving its objective under all potential future conditions.


36


Part II. Other Information

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings. We are, however, subject to lawsuits, government investigations, audits and other legal proceedings from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. It is not possible to predict the outcome of any legal proceeding with any certainty. The outcome or costs we incur in connection with a legal proceeding could adversely impact our operating results and financial position.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the 2018 10-K.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None. 

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information 
 
None.

Item 6.     Exhibits

Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
 
 
 
 
101 INS
 
XBRL Instance Document.
101 SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101 CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101 DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101 LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101 PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
#
Denotes management compensatory plan or arrangement.


37

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

FOUNDATION BUILDING MATERIALS, INC.
Date: November 5, 2019
BY:
/s/ John Gorey
 
 
John Gorey
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Barbara J. Bitzer
 
 
Barbara J. Bitzer
 
 
Chief Accounting Officer
 
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 


 

 

 

 


Certification of CEO Pursuant to
Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a‑14 and 15d‑14
as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
I, Ruben Mendoza, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10‑Q of Foundation Building Materials, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 5, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Ruben Mendoza
 
 
Ruben Mendoza
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer







Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a‑14 and 15d‑14
as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
I, John Gorey, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10‑Q of Foundation Building Materials, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 5, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ John Gorey
 
 
John Gorey
 
 
Chief Financial Officer





Certification
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code) (the “Act”), each of the undersigned officers of Foundation Buildings Materials, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to each such officer’s knowledge, that:

The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 (the “Periodic Report”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)) and information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
 
Date: November 5, 2019
    
/s/ Ruben Mendoza
 
 
Ruben Mendoza
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
Date: November 5, 2019
 
/s/ John Gorey
 
 
John Gorey
 
 
Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.