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                                                                          
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________________________________
 FORM 10-Q
_______________________________________________________________________
☒Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
or
☐Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 001-38694
__________________________________________________________________________
LIVENT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Delaware 82-4699376
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1818 Market Street
Philadelphia
Pennsylvania
19103
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 215-299-5900
__________________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per shareLTHMNew York Stock Exchange
INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT (1) HAS FILED ALL REPORTS REQUIRED TO BE FILED BY SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 DURING THE PRECEDING 12 MONTHS (OR FOR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD THAT THE REGISTRANT WAS REQUIRED TO FILE SUCH REPORTS), AND (2) HAS BEEN SUBJECT TO SUCH FILING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PAST 90 DAYS.    YES  ☒   NO  ☐
INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT HAS SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY EVERY INTERACTIVE DATA FILE REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED PURSUANT TO RULE 405 OF REGULATION S-T (§232.405 OF THIS CHAPTER) DURING THE PRECEDING 12 MONTHS (OR FOR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD THAT THE REGISTRANT WAS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SUCH FILES).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐
INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT IS A LARGE ACCELERATED FILER, AN ACCELERATED FILER, A NON-ACCELERATED FILER, A SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY, OR AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY. SEE THE DEFINITIONS OF “LARGE ACCELERATED FILER,” “ACCELERATED FILER,” “SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY,” AND "EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY" IN RULE 12B-2 OF THE EXCHANGE ACT.
LARGE ACCELERATED FILER 
☒

  ACCELERATED FILER 
☐
NON-ACCELERATED FILER 
☐
  SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY 
☐
EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY
☐
IF AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY, INDICATE BY CHECK MARK IF THE REGISTRANT HAS ELECTED NOT TO USE THE EXTENDED TRANSITION PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH ANY NEW OR REVISED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS PROVIDED PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(A) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT.
☐


INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT IS A SHELL COMPANY (AS DEFINED IN RULE 12B-2 OF THE EXCHANGE ACT).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒
As of March 31, 2023, there were 179,610,299 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.


LIVENT CORPORATION
INDEX
 
 Page
No.



2

Glossary of Terms
When the following terms and abbreviations appear in the text of this report, they have the meanings indicated below:
2025 Notes$245.75 million principal amount 4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025
AOCLAccumulated other comprehensive loss
ASC 842Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842 - Leases
Credit AgreementAs amended, provides for a $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility
EAETREstimated annual effective tax rate
ESGEnvironmental, social and governance
EVElectric vehicle
Exchange ActSecurities and Exchange Act of 1934
FMCFMC Corporation
Livent NQSPLivent Non-Qualified Savings Plan
MdAMinera del Altiplano SA, our local operating subsidiary in Argentina
Nemaska Lithium or NLINemaska Lithium Inc., a non-public lithium company not yet in the production stage domiciled in Québec, Canada
Nemaska Lithium Project
Through our subsidiary, Québec Lithium Partners (UK) Limited, we own a 50% equity interest in NLI, which in turn is developing the Nemaska Lithium Project, which will consist of the Whabouchi Mine and concentrator in the James Bay region of Québec and a lithium hydroxide conversion plant in Bécancour, Québec
OEMOriginal equipment manufacturer
Revolving Credit FacilityLivent's $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility, as provided by the Credit Agreement
RSURestricted stock unit
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission
Securities ActSecurities Act of 1933
SeparationOn October 15, 2018, Livent completed its initial public offering and sold 20 million shares of Livent common stock to the public at a price of $17.00 per share
SOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate
U.S. GAAPUnited States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
VATValue-added tax
3


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(in Millions, Except Per Share Data)(unaudited)
Revenue$253.5 $143.5 
Cost of sales87.5 83.6 
Gross margin166.0 59.9 
Selling, general and administrative expenses16.3 11.8 
Research and development expenses1.0 0.9 
Restructuring and other charges1.9 1.0 
Separation-related costs— 0.1 
Total costs and expenses106.7 97.4 
Income from operations before equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliates and other gain146.8 46.1 
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliates8.1 2.2 
Other gain— (14.0)
Income from operations before income taxes138.7 57.9 
Income tax expense23.9 4.7 
Net income$114.8 $53.2 
Net income per weighted average share - basic$0.64 $0.33 
Net income per weighted average share - diluted$0.55 $0.28 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic179.6 161.7 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 209.2 191.4 












The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(in Millions)(unaudited)
Net income$114.8 $53.2 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency adjustments:
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss) arising during the period1.5 (1.0)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments1.5 (1.0)
Derivative instruments:
Unrealized hedging gains, net of tax of $0.1 and $0.1
0.2 0.1 
Total derivative instruments0.2 0.1 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax1.7 (0.9)
Comprehensive income$116.5 $52.3 





































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in Millions, Except Share and Par Value Data)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETS(unaudited)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$194.1 $189.0 
Trade receivables, net of allowance of approximately $0.3 in 2023 and 2022
112.9 141.6 
Inventories, net184.1 152.3 
Prepaid and other current assets67.5 61.1 
Total current assets558.6 544.0 
Investments453.3 440.3 
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $261.0 in 2023 and $253.1 in 2022
1,040.0 968.3 
Deferred income taxes0.7 0.4 
Right of use assets - operating leases, net 5.5 4.8 
Other assets122.2 116.4 
Total assets$2,180.3 $2,074.2 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, trade and other$64.7 $81.7 
Accrued and other current liabilities36.2 37.4 
Contract liability - short-term2.5 15.5 
Operating lease liabilities - current 1.1 0.9 
Income taxes27.6 13.2 
Total current liabilities132.1 148.7 
Long-term debt 242.3 241.9 
Operating lease liabilities - long-term4.5 4.2 
Environmental liabilities6.5 6.4 
Deferred income taxes17.8 16.1 
Contract liability - long-term198.0 198.0 
Other long-term liabilities18.1 15.9 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 13)— — 
Total current and long-term liabilities619.3 631.2 
Equity
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 2 billion shares authorized; 179,715,772 and 179,652,125 shares issued; 179,610,299 and 179,548,550 outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
0.1 0.1 
Capital in excess of par value of common stock 1,161.9 1,160.4 
Retained earnings 449.2 334.4 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(49.3)(51.0)
Treasury stock, at cost; 105,473 and 103,575 shares as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
(0.9)(0.9)
Total equity1,561.0 1,443.0 
Total liabilities and equity$2,180.3 $2,074.2 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
 (in Millions)
(unaudited)
Cash provided by operating activities:
Net income$114.8 $53.2 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization6.8 6.4 
Restructuring and other charges0.6 0.8 
Deferred income taxes1.4 0.8 
Share-based compensation1.9 1.6 
Change in investments in trust fund securities0.2 0.2 
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate8.1 2.2 
       Other gain, Blue Chip Swap— (14.0)
       Other non-cash adjustments(0.4)(0.2)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables, net30.3 (9.3)
Inventories(31.0)(16.5)
Accounts payable, trade and other(17.8)(3.2)
Changes in deferred compensation 0.9 0.7 
Contract liability - short-term(13.0)0.7 
Income taxes14.3 (0.1)
Change in prepaid and other current assets and other assets(8.3)5.1 
Change in accrued and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities(5.9)(17.6)
Cash provided by operating activities102.9 10.8 
Cash used in investing activities:
Capital expenditures(1)
(73.5)(68.7)
Investments in Livent NQSP securities(0.7)(0.7)
       Proceeds from Blue Chip Swap, net of purchases — 14.0 
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate(20.2)— 
Other investing activities(3.7)— 
Cash used in investing activities(98.1)(55.4)
Cash (used in)/provided by financing activities:
Other financing activities(0.1)0.1 
Cash (used in)/provided by financing activities(0.1)0.1 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents0.4 — 
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents5.1 (44.5)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period189.0 113.0 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$194.1 $68.5 
7


LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Supplemental Disclosure for Cash Flow:(unaudited)
Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds $1.9 $2.4 
Cash payments for interest (1)
5.5 5.5 
Cash payments for Restructuring and other charges1.3 0.2 
Cash payments for Separation-related charges— 0.4 
Accrued capital expenditures15.3 29.0 
Accrued investment in unconsolidated affiliate— 8.0 
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recorded for ASC 8421.2 — 
____________________
1.For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, $3.9 million and $4.0 million of interest expense was capitalized, respectively.

























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
8












LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(in Millions Except Per Share Data)
Common Stock, $0.001 Per Share Par Value
Capital In Excess of Par Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossTreasury StockTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2021$0.1 $778.1 $60.9 $(42.9)$(0.8)$795.4 
Net income— — 53.2 — — 53.2 
Stock compensation plans — 1.7 — — — 1.7 
Exercise of stock options— 0.1 — — — 0.1 
Shares withheld for taxes - common stock issuances— (0.5)— — — (0.5)
Net hedging gains, net of income tax— — — 0.1 — 0.1 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — (1.0)— (1.0)
Balance as of March 31, 2022$0.1 $779.4 $114.1 $(43.8)$(0.8)$849.0 
(in Millions Except Per Share Data)
Common Stock, $0.001 Per Share Par Value
Capital In Excess of ParRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTreasury StockTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2022$0.1 $1,160.4 $334.4 $(51.0)$(0.9)$1,443.0 
Net income— — 114.8 — — 114.8 
Stock compensation plans — 1.9 — — — 1.9 
Exercise of stock options — 0.1 — — — 0.1 
Shares withheld for taxes - common stock issuances— (0.5)— — — (0.5)
Net hedging gains, net of income tax— — — 0.2 — 0.2 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — 1.5 — 1.5 
Balance as of March 31, 2023$0.1 $1,161.9 $449.2 $(49.3)$(0.9)$1,561.0 





























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
9

LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1: Description of the Business
Background and Nature of Operations
Livent Corporation ("Livent", "we", "us", "Company" or "our") manufactures a wide range of lithium products, which are used primarily in lithium-based batteries, specialty polymers and chemical synthesis applications. We serve a diverse group of markets. A major growth driver for lithium in the future will be the increasing adoption of electric vehicles ("EVs") and other energy storage applications.
Most markets for lithium chemicals are global with significant growth occurring in Asia, followed by Europe and North America, primarily driven by the development and manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. We are one of the primary producers of performance lithium compounds.
Note 2: Principal Accounting Policies and Related Financial Information
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain notes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted from these interim financial statements. The financial statements included in this report reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of our condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the condensed consolidated results of operations, the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income and the condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the condensed consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The unaudited results of operations for the interim periods reported are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year. These statements, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K").
Note 3: Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Regulatory Items
See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

Note 4: Revenue Recognition     
Disaggregation of revenue
We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by geographical areas (based on product destination) and by product categories. The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major geographical region:
(in Millions)Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
North America (1)
$51.9 $21.3 
Latin America1.8 — 
Europe, Middle East & Africa32.8 14.7 
Asia Pacific (1)
167.0 107.5 
Consolidated Revenue$253.5 $143.5 
1.During the three months ended March 31, 2023, countries with sales in excess of 10% of consolidated revenue consisted of China, the U.S., South Korea, and Japan. Sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 for China, the U.S., South Korea, and Japan totaled $88.4 million, $50.2 million, $35.1 million, and $33.4 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, countries with sales in excess of 10% of consolidated revenue consisted of China, Japan, and the U.S. Sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 for China, Japan, and the U.S. totaled $59.1 million, $30.6 million, and $20.8 million, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 25% and 19%, respectively, of consolidated revenue and our 10 largest customers accounted in aggregate for approximately 68% of consolidated revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, one customer accounted for approximately 26% of consolidated revenue and our 10 largest customers accounted in aggregate for approximately 69% of consolidated revenue. A loss of any material customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
10

LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major product category:
(in Millions)Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Lithium Hydroxide$152.7 $67.5 
Butyllithium76.3 33.7 
High Purity Lithium Metal and Other Specialty Compounds15.0 13.4 
Lithium Carbonate and Lithium Chloride9.5 28.9 
Consolidated Revenue$253.5 $143.5 

Contract asset and contract liability balances
We satisfy our obligations by transferring goods and services in exchange for consideration from customers. The timing of performance sometimes differs from the timing the associated consideration is received from the customer, thus resulting in the recognition of a contract liability. We recognize a contract liability if the customer’s payment of consideration is received prior to completion of our related performance obligation.
The following table presents the opening and closing balances of our contract liabilities and current trade receivables, net of allowances from contracts with customers.
(in Millions)Balance as of March 31, 2023Balance as of December 31, 2022Increase
Receivables from contracts with customers, net of allowances$112.9 $141.6 $(28.7)
Contract liability - short-term2.5 15.5 (13.0)
Contract liability - long-term 198.0 198.0 — 

Performance obligations
Occasionally, we may enter into multi-year take or pay supply agreements with customers. The aggregate amount of revenue expected to be recognized related to these contracts’ performance obligations is approximately $1.8 billion in the next six years. Based on our past experience with the customers under these arrangements, we expect to continue recognizing revenue in accordance with the contracts as we transfer control of the product to the customer. However, in the case a shortfall of volume purchases occurs, we will recognize the amount payable by the customer over the remaining performance obligations in the contract.

Note 5: Inventories, Net
Inventories consisted of the following:
 (in Millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Finished goods$49.8 $44.6 
Semi-finished goods100.7 57.1 
Raw materials, supplies, and other33.6 50.6 
Inventories, net$184.1 $152.3 
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)

Note 6: Investments    
Nemaska Lithium Inc. ("Nemaska Lithium" or "NLI"), domiciled in Canada and headquartered in Montreal, Québec, is a non-public mining company not yet in the production stage. It is a development company aiming to vertically integrate, from extracting, processing and concentrating spodumene to conversion of spodumene into battery grade lithium hydroxide, primarily intended for EV and other energy storage applications. Its primary assets are construction in progress and intangibles principally related to intellectual property. Nemaska Lithium intends to develop the Whabouchi spodumene mine and concentrator in the James Bay region of Québec and a lithium hydroxide conversion plant in Bécancour, Québec (collectively, the "Nemaska Lithium Project"). As a developing company and to fund the Nemaska Lithium Project, Nemaska Lithium is reliant on securing financing from its shareholders through share subscriptions.
The Company accounts for the investment in Nemaska Lithium as an equity method investment on a one-quarter lag basis and it is included in Investments in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded a $8.1 million and 2.2 million loss, respectively, related to our equity interest in Nemaska Lithium to Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. The carrying amount of our equity interest in Nemaska Lithium was $449.3 million and $437.1 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 7: Restructuring and Other Charges
The following table shows other charges included in "Restructuring and other charges" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in Millions)20232022
Restructuring charges:
Severance-related and exit costs $1.7 $0.5 
Other charges:
Environmental remediation 0.1 0.1 
Other 0.1 0.4 
Total Restructuring and other charges$1.9 $1.0 

Note 8: Income Taxes
We determine our interim tax provision using an estimated annual effective tax rate methodology ("EAETR") in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The EAETR is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income, exclusive of discrete items. The tax effects of discrete items are then included to arrive at the total reported interim tax provision.
The determination of the EAETR is based upon a number of estimates, including the estimated annual pretax ordinary income in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate. As our projections of ordinary income change throughout the year, the EAETR will change period-to-period. The tax effects of discrete items are recognized in the tax provision in the period they occur in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Depending on various factors, such as the item’s significance in relation to total income and the rate of tax applicable in the jurisdiction to which it relates, discrete items in any quarter can materially impact the reported effective tax rate. As a global enterprise, our tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, as well as other factors. As a result, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.
Provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was an expense of $23.9 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 17.2%. Provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was an expense of $4.7 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 8.1%.

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Note 9: Debt
Long-term debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:
Interest Rate
Percentage
Maturity
Date		March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in Millions)SOFR borrowingsBase rate borrowings
Revolving Credit Facility (1)
6.65%8.75%2027$— $— 
4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025
4.125%2025245.8 245.8 
Transaction costs - 2025 Notes
(3.5)(3.9)
Total long-term debt (2)
$242.3 $241.9 
______________________________
1.As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $14.9 million in letters of credit outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility and $485.1 million available funds as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Fund availability is subject to the Company meeting its debt covenants.
2.As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no debt maturing within one year.
4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025
In the second quarter of 2023, the holders of the 2025 Notes were notified that the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, March 31, 2023 was greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each trading day, and as a result, the holders have the option to convert all or any portion of their 2025 Notes through June 30, 2023. The 2025 Notes are classified as long-term debt.
The Company recognized non-cash interest related to the amortization of transaction costs of $0.4 million, all of which was capitalized, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company recorded $2.5 million of accrued interest expense related to the principal amount for the three months ended March 31, 2023, all of which was capitalized.
Covenants
The Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants that are binding on us and our subsidiary, Livent USA Corp., as borrowers (the "Borrowers") and their subsidiaries, including, among others, restrictions (subject to exceptions and qualifications) on the ability of the Borrowers and their subsidiaries to create liens, to undertake fundamental changes, to incur debt, to sell or dispose of assets, to make investments, to make restricted payments such as dividends, distributions or equity repurchases, to change the nature of their businesses, to enter into transactions with affiliates and to enter into certain restrictive agreements. Furthermore, the Borrowers are subject to financial covenants regarding leverage (measured as the ratio of debt to adjusted earnings) and interest coverage (measured as the ratio of adjusted earnings to interest expense). Our maximum allowable first lien leverage ratio is 3.5 as of March 31, 2023. Our minimum allowable interest coverage ratio is 3.5. We were in compliance with all requirements of the covenants as of March 31, 2023.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Note 10: Equity
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had 2 billion shares of common stock authorized. The following is a summary of Livent's common stock issued and outstanding:
IssuedTreasuryOutstanding
Balance as of December 31, 2022179,652,125 (103,575)179,548,550 
RSU awards53,374 — 53,374 
Stock option awards10,273 — 10,273 
Purchases of treasury stock - NQSP— (1,898)(1,898)
Balance as of March 31, 2023179,715,772 (105,473)179,610,299 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Summarized below is the roll forward of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax.
(in Millions)Foreign currency adjustmentsDerivative Instruments Total
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of December 31, 2022
$(51.0)$— $(51.0)
Other comprehensive losses before reclassifications1.5 0.2 1.7 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of March 31, 2023
$(49.5)$0.2 $(49.3)
(in Millions)Foreign currency adjustmentsDerivative Instruments Total
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of December 31, 2021
$(43.1)$0.2 $(42.9)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(1.0)0.1 (0.9)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of March 31, 2022
$(44.1)$0.3 $(43.8)

Reclassifications of accumulated other comprehensive loss
Hedging losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were less than $0.1 million.
Dividends
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we paid no dividends. We do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

Note 11: Earnings Per Share
Earnings per common share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis.
Our potentially dilutive securities include potential common shares related to our stock options, restricted stock units, performance restricted stock units and 2025 Notes. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information. Diluted earnings per share ("Diluted EPS") considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. Diluted EPS excludes the impact of potential common shares related to our stock options in periods in which the option exercise price is greater than the average market price of our common stock for the period. We use the if-converted method when calculating the potential dilutive effect, if any, of our 2025 Notes.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Earnings applicable to common stock and common stock shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
(in Millions, Except Share and Per Share Data)Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Numerator:
Net income $114.8 $53.2 
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic
179.6 161.7 
Dilutive share equivalents from share-based plans 1.5 1.6 
Dilutive share equivalents from 2025 Notes28.1 28.1 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 209.2 191.4 
Basic earnings per common share:
Net income per weighted average share - basic$0.64 $0.33 
Diluted earnings per common share:
Net income per weighted average share - diluted$0.55 $0.28 
Anti-dilutive stock options
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, options to purchase 182,109 shares of our common stock at an average exercise price of $23.33 per share were anti-dilutive and not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, none of the outstanding options to purchase shares of our common stock were anti-dilutive.

Note 12: Financial Instruments, Risk Management and Fair Value Measurements     

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other current assets, investments held in trust fund, trade payables, derivatives and amounts included in accruals meeting the definition of financial instruments. Investments in the Livent NQSP deferred compensation plan trust fund are considered Level 1 investments based on readily available quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other current assets, and trade payables approximates their fair value due to their short term nature and are considered Level 1 investments. Our other financial instruments include the following:
Financial InstrumentValuation Method
Foreign exchange forward contractsEstimated amounts that would be received or paid to terminate the contracts at the reporting date based on current market prices for applicable currencies.

The estimated fair value of our foreign exchange forward contracts have been determined using standard pricing models which take into account the present value of expected future cash flows discounted to the balance sheet date. These standard pricing models utilize inputs derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data such as currency and commodity spot and forward rates.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The inputs used to measure fair value are classified into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The estimated fair value and the carrying amount of debt was $675.8 million and $242.3 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2023. Our 2025 Notes are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Use of Derivative Financial Instruments to Manage Risk
We mitigate certain financial exposures connected to currency risk through a program of risk management that includes the use of derivative financial instruments. We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates.
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes relating derivatives that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. We also assess both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether each derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item. If we determine that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, or if a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, we discontinue hedge accounting with respect to that derivative prospectively.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Management
We conduct business in many foreign countries, exposing earnings, cash flows, and our financial position to foreign currency risks. The majority of these risks arise as a result of foreign currency transactions. The primary currencies for which we have exchange rate exposure are the Euro, the British pound, the Chinese yuan, the Argentine peso, and the Japanese yen. We currently do not hedge foreign currency risks associated with the Argentine peso due to the limited availability and the high cost of suitable derivative instruments. Our policy is to minimize exposure to adverse changes in currency exchange rates. This is accomplished through a controlled program of risk management that could include the use of foreign currency debt and forward foreign exchange contracts. We also use forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge firm and highly anticipated foreign currency cash flows, with an objective of balancing currency risk to provide adequate protection from significant fluctuations in the currency markets.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Our counterparties to derivative contracts are primarily major financial institutions. We limit the dollar amount of contracts entered into with any one financial institution and monitor counterparties’ credit ratings. We also enter into master netting agreements with each financial institution, where possible, which helps mitigate the credit risk associated with our financial instruments. While we may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of counterparties, we consider this risk remote.
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Cash Flow Hedges
We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. On the date we enter into the derivative instrument, we generally designate the derivative as a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a forecasted transaction (cash flow hedge). We record in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as and meet all the required criteria for, a cash flow hedge. We then reclassify these amounts into earnings as the underlying hedged item affects earnings. In contrast we immediately record in earnings changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as cash flow hedges. As of March 31, 2023, we had open foreign currency forward contracts in AOCL in a net after-tax gain position of $0.2 million designated as cash flow hedges of underlying forecasted sales and purchases. As of March 31, 2023 we had open forward contracts with various expiration dates to buy, sell or exchange foreign currencies with a U.S. dollar equivalent of approximately $32.4 million.
A net after-tax gain of $0.2 million, representing open foreign currency exchange contracts, will be realized in earnings during the year ending December 31, 2023 if spot rates in the future are consistent with market rates as of March 31, 2023. The actual effect on earnings will be dependent on the actual spot rates when the forecasted transactions occur. We recognize derivative gains and losses in the “Costs of sales” line in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Derivatives Not Designated As Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
We hold certain forward contracts that have not been designated as cash flow hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Contracts used to hedge the exposure to foreign currency fluctuations associated with certain monetary assets and liabilities are not designated as cash flow hedging instruments and changes in the fair value of these items are recorded in earnings.
We had open forward contracts not designated as cash flow hedging instruments for accounting purposes with various expiration dates to buy, sell or exchange foreign currencies with a U.S. dollar equivalent of approximately $112.2 million as of March 31, 2023.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
The following tables provide the gross fair value and net balance sheet presentation of our derivative instruments. The Company has open derivative cash flow hedge contracts with a liability position of less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022.
March 31, 2023
Gross Amount of Derivatives
(in Millions)Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative assets
Foreign exchange contracts$0.3 
Total derivative assets (1)
0.3 
Net derivative assets$0.3 

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
The following tables summarize the gains related to our cash flow hedges and derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments.
(in Millions)Total Foreign Exchange Contracts
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of December 31, 2022$— 
Unrealized hedging gains, net of tax 0.2 
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax0.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of March 31, 2023$0.2 
(in Millions)Total Foreign Exchange Contracts
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of December 31, 2021$0.2 
Unrealized hedging gains, net of tax 0.1 
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax0.1 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of March 31, 2022$0.3 
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain or (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) 
Recognized in Income on Derivatives (1)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in Millions) 20232022
Foreign Exchange contracts
Cost of sales (2)
$2.1 $(1.6)
Total$2.1 $(1.6)
____________________
1.Amounts represent the gain or loss on the derivative instrument offset by the gain or loss on the hedged item.
2.A gain of $0.1 million related to intercompany loan hedges is included in Restructuring and other charges in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023. A loss of $0.1 million related to intercompany loan hedges is included in Restructuring and other charges in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present our fair-value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair-value on a recurring basis in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(in Millions)March 31, 2023Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Investments in deferred compensation plan (1)
$3.9 $3.9 $— $— 
Derivatives – Foreign exchange 0.3 — 0.3 — 
Total Assets$4.2 $3.9 $0.3 $— 
Liabilities
Deferred compensation plan obligation (2)
$6.2 $6.2 $— $— 
Total Liabilities$6.2 $6.2 $— $— 

 



(in Millions)December 31, 2022Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Investments in deferred compensation plan (1)
$3.1 $3.1 $— — 
Total Assets$3.1 $3.1 $— $— 
Liabilities
Deferred compensation plan obligation (2)
$5.1 $5.1 $— $— 
Total Liabilities$5.1 $5.1 $— $— 
____________________
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
1.Balance is included in “Investments” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Livent NQSP investments in Livent common stock are recorded as "Treasury stock" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and carried at historical cost. A mark-to-market loss of $0.2 million was recorded for each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, related to the Livent common stock. The mark-to-market losses were recorded in "Selling, general and administrative expense" in the condensed consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding offset to the deferred compensation plan obligation in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
2.Balance is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.


Note 13: Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
We are a party to various legal proceedings, certain of these matters are discussed below. Livent records liabilities for estimated losses from contingencies when information available indicates that a loss is probable and the amount of the loss, or range of loss, can be reasonably estimated. As additional information becomes available, management adjusts its assessments and estimates. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.
In addition to the legal proceedings noted below, we have certain contingent liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these contingencies are known but are so preliminary that the merits cannot be determined, or if more advanced, are not deemed material based on current knowledge; and some are unknown - for example, claims with respect to which we have no notice or claims which may arise in the future from products sold, guarantees or warranties made, or indemnities provided. Therefore, we are unable to develop a reasonable estimate of our potential exposure of loss for these contingencies, either individually or in the aggregate, at this time. There can be no assurance that the outcome of these contingencies will be favorable, and adverse results in certain of these contingencies could have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations in any one reporting period, or liquidity.
Argentine Customs & Tax Authority Matters
Minera del Altiplano SA, our subsidiary in Argentina ("MdA"), has received notices from the Argentine Customs Authorities that they are conducting customs audits in Salta (for 2015 to 2019, 2021 and 2022), Rosario (for 2016 and 2017), Buenos Aires and Ezeiza (for 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022) regarding the export of Lithium Carbonate by MdA from each of those locations.
MdA was also notified from the Argentine Tax Authority of the start of transfer pricing audits for the periods 2017 and 2018.
During a part of this period, MdA was a subsidiary of FMC. However, the Company agreed to bear any possible liability for these types of matters under the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement that it entered into with FMC in connection with the Separation. A range of reasonably possible liabilities, if any, cannot be currently estimated by the Company.
Leases
All of our leases are operating leases as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and land. Our leases have remaining lease terms of three to twelve years. Quantitative disclosures about our leases are summarized in the table below.
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in Millions, except for weighted-average amounts)20232022
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost $0.3 $0.4 
Short-term lease cost
0.1 0.1 
Total lease cost (1)
$0.4 $0.5 
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Cash paid for operating leases$0.3 $0.4 
__________________________
1.Lease expense is classified as "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
As of March 31, 2023, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 7.3 years and a weighted average discount rate of 5.2%.
The table below presents a maturity analysis of our operating lease liabilities for each of the next five years and a total of the amounts for the remaining years.
(in Millions)Undiscounted cash flows
Remainder of 2023$1.0 
20241.4 
20251.4 
20260.6 
20270.3 
Thereafter2.0 
Total future minimum lease payments6.7 
Less: Imputed interest(1.1)
Total$5.6 


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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Note 14: Supplemental Information
The following tables present details of prepaid and other current assets, other assets, accrued and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities as presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
(in Millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Prepaid and other current assets
Tax related items$18.7 $22.0 
Prepaid expenses10.1 11.6 
Argentina government receivable (1)
7.2 6.7 
Other receivables5.7 7.4 
Bank Acceptance Drafts (2)
18.8 6.9 
Derivative assets (Note 12)0.3 — 
Other current assets6.7 6.5 
Total$67.5 $61.1 

(in Millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Other assets
Argentina government receivable (1)
$81.7 $80.3 
Advance to contract manufacturers (3)
20.2 17.2 
Long-term raw materials inventory1.6 1.6 
Tax related items3.9 3.7 
Capitalized software, net1.4 1.4 
Other assets13.4 12.2 
Total$122.2 $116.4 
_________________
1.We conduct business in Argentina. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $39.7 million and $40.0 million, respectively, of outstanding receivables due from the Argentina government, which primarily represent export tax and export rebate receivables, was denominated in U.S. dollars. As with all outstanding receivable balances, we continually review recoverability by analyzing historical experience, current collection trends and regional business and political factors among other factors.
2.Bank Acceptance Drafts are a common Chinese finance note used to settle trade transactions. Livent accepts these notes from Chinese customers based on criteria intended to ensure collectability and limit working capital usage.
3.We record deferred charges for certain contract manufacturing agreements which we amortize over the term of the underlying contract.

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)


(in Millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Accrued and other current liabilities
Accrued payroll$13.2 $19.8 
Restructuring reserves2.9 3.1 
Retirement liability - 401k0.7 2.6 
Environmental reserves, current0.6 0.6 
Severance— 0.1 
Other accrued and other current liabilities (1)
18.8 11.2 
Total$36.2 $37.4 


(in Millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Other long-term liabilities
Deferred compensation plan obligation$6.2 $5.1 
Contingencies related to uncertain tax positions (2)
6.1 5.7 
Self-insurance reserves1.5 1.5 
Asset retirement obligations0.2 0.2 
Other long-term liabilities4.1 3.4 
Total$18.1 $15.9 
____________________
1.Amounts primarily include accrued capital expenditures related to our expansion projects.
2.As of March 31, 2023, we have recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions of $5.7 million and a $0.4 million indemnification liability where the offsetting uncertain tax position is with FMC, per the tax matters agreement.
22


lITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Statement under the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: We and our representatives may from time to time make written or oral statements that are "forward-looking" and provide other than historical information, including statements contained in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in our other filings with the SEC, or in reports to our stockholders.
In some cases, we have identified forward-looking statements by such words or phrases as "will likely result," "is confident that," "expect," "expects," "should," "could," "may," "will continue to," "believe," "believes," "anticipates," "predicts," "forecasts," "estimates," "projects," "potential," "intends" or similar expressions identifying "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including the negative of those words and phrases. Such forward-looking statements are based on our current views and assumptions regarding future events, future business conditions and the outlook for the Company based on currently available information. These forward-looking statements may include projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement.
Investors are cautioned to carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. We wish to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We are under no duty to and specifically decline to undertake any obligation to publicly revise or update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform our prior statements to actual results, revised expectations or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make judgements, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and that have or could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We have described our accounting estimates in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The SEC has defined critical accounting estimates as those estimates made in accordance with U.S. GAAP that involve a significant level of measurement uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or operating performance of a company.
We have reviewed these accounting estimates, identifying those that we believe contain matters that are inherently uncertain, have significant levels of subjectivity and complex judgments and are critical to the preparation and understanding of our condensed consolidated financial statements. We have reviewed these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Critical accounting estimates are central to our presentation of results of operations and financial condition and require management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates on certain matters. We base our estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience, current conditions and other reasonable factors.
As a result of inflation, rising interest rates and the conflict in the Ukraine, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The estimates used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition and the collectability of trade receivables, impairment and valuation of long-lived assets, and income taxes could be impacted. We have assessed the impact and are not aware of any specific events or circumstances that required an update to our estimates and assumptions or materially affected the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
OVERVIEW
We are a pure-play, fully integrated lithium company, with a long, proven history of producing performance lithium compounds. Our primary products, namely battery-grade lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, butyllithium and high purity lithium metal are critical inputs used in various performance applications. Our strategy is focused on supplying high performance lithium compounds to the rapidly growing EV and broader energy storage battery markets, while continuing to maintain our position as a leading global producer of butyllithium and high purity lithium metal. With extensive global
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capabilities, approximately 80 years of continuous production experience, applications and technical expertise and deep customer relationships, we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on the accelerating trend of electrification.
We produce lithium compounds for use in applications that have specific and constantly changing performance requirements, including battery-grade lithium hydroxide for use in high performance lithium-ion batteries. We believe the demand for our compounds will continue to grow as the electrification of transportation accelerates, and as the use of high nickel content cathode materials increases in batteries. We also supply butyllithium, which is used in the production of polymers and pharmaceutical products, as well as a range of specialty lithium compounds including high purity lithium metal, which is used in the production of lightweight materials for aerospace applications and non-rechargeable batteries. It is in these applications that we have established a differentiated position in the market through our ability to consistently produce and deliver performance lithium compounds.
First Quarter 2023 Highlights    
The following are the more significant developments in our business during the three months ended March 31, 2023:
•Revenue of $253.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased $110.0 million, or approximately 77%, compared to $143.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, due to higher pricing across all of our products and higher lithium hydroxide sales volumes, partially offset by a decrease in lithium carbonate sales volumes.
•Net income of $114.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to net income of $53.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to higher pricing across all of our products and higher lithium hydroxide sales volumes, partially offset by a decrease in lithium carbonate sales volumes and higher raw material and other operating costs, $5.9 million higher Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliates, and an increase to income tax expense. The three months ended March 31, 2022 also includes a $14.0 million gain from our sale of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds (see Note 2 for more information).
•Adjusted EBITDA of $157.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased $104.1 million, compared to $53.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to higher pricing across all of our products and higher lithium hydroxide sales volumes, partially offset by a decrease in lithium carbonate sales volumes and higher raw material and other operating costs.
Business Update
The global economy and business environment in the diverse group of markets we serve present us with various opportunities and challenges. The market for lithium products remains strong, driven by the increased adoption of EVs and other energy storage applications, providing us with the opportunity to continue to develop high performance lithium compound products and maintain our position as a leading global producer of butyllithium and high purity lithium metal. We believe our business fundamentals are sound and we have positioned ourselves to manage the impact on our business of inflation, high energy costs and shortages, supply chain disruptions, the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, rising interest rates, the strength of the U.S. dollar, and the corresponding weakening of foreign currencies. Given our extensive global capabilities, vast experience in the markets we serve, and deep customer relationships, we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on new business opportunities and the accelerating trend of electrification.
We continue to optimize our production network to meet changes in customer demand. In order to timely manufacture and deliver products, we have at times used air freight to ship resources or finished goods. We continue to look at new raw material suppliers and logistics providers to enhance our supply chain and the delivery experience for our customers. We continue to observe tightness in the local labor markets in almost all of the geographic locations where we operate (e.g., competition for workers, fewer applicants, and higher wages) and delays in procurement of longer lead time equipment. This may impact us and our expansion efforts, our customers and suppliers in the future. We remain subject to strict quality requirements from our customers.
Despite many years of reliable lithium production, our operations in Argentina are subject to their own unique challenges. Argentina continues to experience high inflation, a weakening currency, high natural gas, oil and power prices, and social and labor unrest. In addition, there is political uncertainty with looming provincial and national elections. There is financial uncertainty over the Argentina Government's ability to repay debt obligations that are maturing in the near future. As a result of this mix of factors, there is increasing interest and focus from federal and provincial governments to obtain additional sources of funding, such as through customs and tax revenues and other concessions from private and/or foreign companies, including from the lithium industry. Further, a shortfall of foreign currency reserves has led to currency restrictions, which in turn has placed severe limits on imports, including certain materials for our operations and expansion project.
Customers in the EV manufacturing industry, while aggressively transitioning their businesses for continued expected growth in electrification, are experiencing macroeconomic uncertainties and some lingering supply chain constraints. In China, EV inventory increased seasonally; recent price actions, particularly those of a few leading EV manufacturers, will likely put
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commercial and financial pressures on several other automakers in the world’s major EV markets as well as influence consumer behavior and potentially delay their vehicle purchasing decisions. Additionally, based on the most recent guidance from the US Department of Treasury, several automakers’ EV models do not qualify for full or partial consumer tax credits for this year. All of these variables may continue to add volatility and uncertainty to the overall EV supply chain, which may adversely impact our business. This could cause delays in our customers' demand for our high performance lithium compounds, further adversely impacting our business and growth plans.
The material matters that management is currently monitoring are: the health and safety of our employees; our global expansion efforts; the future development of the Nemaska Lithium Project; political and economic instability in Argentina; the supply and demand balance of battery-grade and total lithium in the global marketplace; changing lithium prices and the effect they may have on revenues; inflation, rising interest rates and fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates, and the negative impact they may have on our operations, customers and key end markets such as EV sales; the prospect of a recession in the U.S. and elsewhere, and its impact on EV sales; global supply chain and logistics issues, and our ability to deliver products and receive key inputs; the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act on the Company and customer demand; and, global energy supply concerns and prices.
2023 Business Outlook
In 2023, we expect higher volumes, particularly in the second half of the year due to new production units ramping up, and higher average pricing across our lithium products, resulting in higher profitability versus 2022. We also expect higher costs versus the prior year, primarily related to royalties, the ramping up of new production units and general inflationary pressures. The Company increased its outlook for 2023 financial performance after achieving higher realized prices than anticipated in the first quarter.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(in Millions)(unaudited)
Revenue$253.5 $143.5 
Cost of sales87.5 83.6 
Gross margin166.0 59.9 
Selling, general and administrative expenses16.3 11.8 
Research and development expenses1.0 0.9 
Restructuring and other charges1.9 1.0 
Separation-related costs— 0.1 
Total costs and expenses106.7 97.4 
Income from operations before equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliates and other gain146.8 46.1 
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliates8.1 2.2 
Other gain— (14.0)
Income from operations before income taxes138.7 57.9 
Income tax expense23.9 4.7 
Net income$114.8 $53.2 

In addition to net income, as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we evaluate operating performance using certain Non-GAAP measures such as EBITDA, which we define as net income plus interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization; and Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as EBITDA adjusted for Argentina remeasurement losses, Argentina interest income, restructuring and other charges, separation-related costs, COVID-19 related costs and other losses/(gains). Management believes the use of these Non-GAAP measures allows management and investors to compare more easily the financial performance of its underlying business from period to period. The Non-GAAP information provided may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies because of differing methods used by other companies in calculating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. These measures should not be considered as a substitute for net income or other measures of performance or liquidity reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following table reconciles EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income.
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in Millions)20232022
Net income$114.8 $53.2 
Add back:
Income tax expense23.9 4.7 
Depreciation and amortization6.8 6.4 
EBITDA (Non-GAAP) 145.5 64.3 
Add back:
Argentina remeasurement losses (a)
4.1 1.0 
Restructuring and other charges (b)
1.9 1.0 
Separation-related costs (c)
— 0.1 
COVID-19 related costs (d)
— 0.8 
Other loss (e)
5.9 1.6 
Subtract:
Blue Chip Swap gain (f)
— (14.0)
Argentina interest income (g)
— (1.5)
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) $157.4 $53.3 
___________________
a.Represents impact of currency fluctuations on tax assets and liabilities and on long-term monetary assets associated with our capital expansion as well as foreign currency devaluations. The remeasurement losses are included within "Cost of sales" in our condensed consolidated statement of operations but are excluded from our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA because of: i.) their nature as income tax related; ii.) their association with long-term capital projects which will not be operational until future periods; or iii.) the severity of the devaluations and their immediate impact on our operations in the country.
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b.We continually perform strategic reviews and assess the return on our business. This sometimes results in management changes or in a plan to restructure the operations of our business. As part of these restructuring plans, demolition costs and write-downs of long-lived assets may occur (see Note 7 for more information).
c.Represents legal and professional fees and other separation-related activity.
d.Represents incremental costs associated with COVID-19 recorded in "Cost of sales" in the condensed consolidated statement of operations, including but not limited to, incremental quarantine related absenteeism, incremental facility cleaning costs, COVID-19 testing, pandemic-related supplies and personal protective equipment for employees, among other costs; offset by economic relief provided by foreign governments.
e.Represents our ownership interest (which is 50% and was 25% prior to June 6, 2022) in costs incurred for certain project-related costs to align Nemaska Lithium's reported results with Livent's capitalization policies and interest expense incurred by NLI, all included in Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company accounts for its equity method investment in Nemaska Lithium on a one quarter lag basis (see Note 6 for more information).
f.Represents the gain from the sale in Argentina pesos of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds due to the significant divergence of Argentina's Blue Chip Swap market exchange rate from the official rate and is excluded from Adjusted EBITDA because it is nonrecurring.
g.Represents interest income received from the Argentina government for the period beginning when the recoverability of certain of our expansion-related VAT receivables were approved by the Argentina government and ending on the date when the reimbursements were paid by the Argentina government but is excluded from our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA because of its association with long-term capital projects which will not be operational until future periods.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 vs. 2022     
Revenue    
Revenue of $253.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (the "2023 Quarter") increased by approximately 77%, or $110.0 million, compared to $143.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (the "2022 Quarter") due to higher pricing across all of our products and higher lithium hydroxide sales volumes, partially offset by a decrease in lithium carbonate sales volumes.
Gross margin
Gross margin of $166.0 million for the 2023 Quarter increased by $106.1 million, or approximately 177%, versus $59.9 million for the 2022 Quarter. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to higher pricing across all of our products and higher lithium hydroxide sales volumes, partially offset by a decrease in lithium carbonate sales volumes and higher raw material and other operating costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $16.3 million for the 2023 Quarter increased by $4.5 million, or approximately 38% versus $11.8 million for the 2022 Quarter. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase in professional fees and employee compensation.
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate of $8.1 million and $2.2 million for the 2023 Quarter and 2022 Quarter, respectively, arises out of our ownership interest in the Nemaska Lithium Project (which is 50% and was 25% prior to June 6, 2022). The increase of $5.9 million represents project-related costs incurred by our unconsolidated affiliate as the Nemaska Lithium Project finalizes late stage engineering work (see Note 6 for details).
Income tax expense
The increase in income tax expense to $23.9 million for the 2023 Quarter compared to the income tax expense of $4.7 million for the 2022 Quarter, was primarily due to an increase in income from operations, and the fluctuations in foreign currency impacts in Argentina of $2.5 million and $(4.3) million for the 2023 Quarter and 2022 Quarter respectively.
Net income
Net income of $114.8 million for the 2023 Quarter increased $61.6 million, or approximately 116%, versus $53.2 million for the 2022 Quarter. The increase was primarily due to higher pricing across all of our products and higher lithium hydroxide sales volumes, partially offset by a decrease in lithium carbonate sales volumes and higher raw material and other operating costs, $5.9 million higher Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate, and an increase to income tax expense. The 2022 Quarter also includes a $14.0 million gain from our sale of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds (see Note 2 for more information).
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our prospective success in funding our cash needs will depend on the strength of the lithium market and our continued ability to generate cash from operations and raise capital from other sources. Our primary sources of cash are currently generated from operations and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility.
Cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were $194.1 million and $189.0 million, respectively. Of the cash and cash equivalents balance as of March 31, 2023, $32.7 million were held by our foreign subsidiaries. The cash held by foreign subsidiaries for permanent reinvestment is generally used to finance the subsidiaries’ operating activities and future foreign investments. We have not provided additional income taxes for any additional outside basis differences inherent in our investments in subsidiaries because the investments are essentially permanent in duration or we have concluded that no additional tax liability will arise upon disposal. See Note 11, Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
Statement of Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities was $102.9 million and $10.8 million for the 2023 Quarter and 2022 Quarter, respectively.
The increase in cash provided by operating activities for the 2023 Quarter as compared to the cash provided by operating activities for the 2022 Quarter was primarily driven by an increase in net income and decrease in trade receivables, partially offset by an increase in inventories and decrease in accounts payable in the 2023 Quarter compared to the 2022 Quarter.
Cash used in investing activities was $98.1 million and $55.4 million for the 2023 Quarter and 2022 Quarter, respectively.
The increase in cash used in investing activities for the 2023 Quarter compared to the 2022 Quarter is primarily due to a $20.2 million investment in our unconsolidated affiliate, Nemaska Lithium, in the 2023 Quarter and $14.0 million proceeds from the sale in Argentina pesos of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds in the 2022 Quarter.
Cash (used in)/provided by financing activities was $(0.1) million and $0.1 million for the 2023 Quarter and 2022 Quarter, respectively.
Represents the net impact of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the Company's incentive plans offset by financing fees paid for amendments to our Revolving Credit Facility and purchases of treasury stock under the Livent NQSP.
Other potential liquidity needs
We plan to meet our liquidity needs through available cash, cash generated from operations, borrowings under the committed Revolving Credit Facility, and other potential working capital financing strategies that may be available to us. As of March 31, 2023, our remaining borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, subject to meeting our debt covenants, is $485.1 million, including letters of credit utilization.
Our net leverage ratio is determined, in large part, by our ability to manage the timing and amount of our capital expenditures, which is within our control. It is also determined by our ability to achieve forecasted operating results and to pursue other working capital financing strategies that may be available to us, which is less certain and outside our control. The Company estimates 2023 total capital spending to be in the range of $325 million to $375 million.
There continue to be challenges relating to expansion projects, including design modifications and labor and material shortages. This has the potential to increase costs and extend delivery times versus expectations, impacting both Argentina and Canada.
We will look to various sources of financing for development of the Nemaska Lithium Project, in which we have a 50% economic interest, including, but not limited to third-party debt financing, government funding, financing or prepayments from future customers and contribution from existing shareholders.
We expect increasing energy costs and shortages, inflation, rising interest rates, currency fluctuations and the conflict in the Ukraine to continue in 2023. The Company remains focused on maintaining its financial flexibility and will continue to manage its cash flow and capital allocation decisions to navigate through this challenging environment.
We believe that our available cash and cash from operations, together with our borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and other potential financing strategies that may be available to us, will provide adequate liquidity for the next 12 months. Access to capital and the availability of financing on acceptable terms in the future will be affected by many factors, including our credit rating, economic conditions and the overall liquidity of capital markets and cannot be guaranteed.
Commitments and Contingencies
See Note 13 to these condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
Information related to our contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 can be found in a table included within Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations within our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to our contractual commitments during the period ended March 31, 2023.
Climate Change
A detailed discussion related to climate change can be found in Part II, Item 7 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND MARKET RISKS
Our earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Our policy is to minimize exposure to our cash flow over time caused by changes in interest and currency exchange rates. To accomplish this, we have implemented a controlled program of risk management consisting of appropriate derivative contracts entered into with major financial institutions.
The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market rates and prices. The range of changes chosen reflects our view of changes that are reasonably possible over a one-year period. Market value estimates are based on the present value of projected future cash flows considering the market rates and prices chosen.
As of March 31, 2023, our net derivative financial instrument position was a net asset of $0.3 million. In the first quarter of 2023, we placed foreign currency hedges for 2023 projected exposure.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Our worldwide operations expose us to currency risk from sales, purchases, expenses and intercompany loans denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our functional currency. The primary currencies for which we have exchange rate exposure are the Euro, the British pound, the Chinese yuan, the Argentine peso, and the Japanese yen. Foreign currency debt and foreign exchange forward contracts are used in countries where we do business, thereby reducing our net asset exposure. Foreign exchange forward contracts are also used to hedge firm and highly anticipated foreign currency cash flows. We currently do not hedge foreign currency risks associated with the Argentine peso due to the limited availability and the high cost of suitable derivative instruments.
To analyze the effects of changing foreign currency rates, we have performed a sensitivity analysis in which we assume an instantaneous 10% change in the foreign currency exchange rates from their levels as of March 31, 2023 with all other variables (including interest rates) held constant.
Hedged Currency vs. Functional Currency
(in Millions)Net asset position on condensed consolidated balance sheetsNet liability position with 10% strengtheningNet asset position with 10% weakening
Net asset/(liability) position as of March 31, 2023
$0.3 $(3.3)$3.2 
Interest Rate Risk
One of the strategies that we can use to manage interest rate exposure is to enter into interest rate swap agreements. In these agreements, we agree to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated on an agreed-upon notional principal amount. As of March 31, 2023, we had no interest rate swap agreements.
Our debt portfolio as of March 31, 2023 is composed of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt; consisting of borrowings under our 2025 Notes and Revolving Credit Facility. Changes in interest rates affect different portions of our variable-rate debt portfolio in different ways. As of March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding balances under the Revolving Credit Facility.

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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information required by this item is provided in "Derivative Financial Instruments and Market Risks," under Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based on management’s evaluation (with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer), the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2023, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Change in Internal Controls. There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in legal proceedings from time to time in the ordinary course of our business, including with respect to workers’ compensation matters. Based on information currently available and established reserves, we have no reason to believe that the ultimate resolution of any known legal proceeding will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations. However, there can be no assurance that the outcome of any such legal proceeding will be favorable, and adverse results in certain of these legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations in any one reporting period, or liquidity. Except as set forth in Note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent applicable, there are no material changes from the legal proceedings previously disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is available at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.livent.com. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Forward-Looking Information
We wish to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements contained herein, which speak only as of the date made. We specifically decline to undertake any obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements that have been made to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Repurchases of Common Shares
A summary of our repurchases of Livent's common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)
Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
January 1 through January 31, 2023220.4 $28.18 $— $— 
February 1 through February 28, 2023336.8 $29.50 — — 
March 1 through March 31, 20231,341 $27.81 — — 
Total Q1 2023
1,898.2 $28.15 $— $— 

1.The trustee of the Livent NQSP reacquires shares of Livent common stock from time to time through open-market purchases relating to investments by employees in our common stock, one of the investment options available under the Livent NQSP. Such shares are held in a trust fund and recorded to Treasury stock in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
2.We have no publicly announced stock repurchase programs.
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ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2

101Interactive Data File
104
The cover page from Livent Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL.




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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
LIVENT CORPORATION
(Registrant)
By:/s/ GILBERTO ANTONIAZZI
Gilberto Antoniazzi,
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: May 4, 2023
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LIVENT CORPORATION COMPENSATION POLICY FOR NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS (Amended and Restated Effective May 1, 2023) PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Purpose. The purpose of this Policy is to provide a compensation program to attract and retain qualified individuals not employed by the Company or its subsidiaries or Affiliates to serve on the Board and to further align the interests of those directors with those of stockholders by providing that a substantial portion of compensation will be linked directly to increases in stockholder value. 2. Definitions. Except as otherwise defined herein, terms used herein in capitalized form will have the meanings attributed to them as set forth below or in the Stock Plan. (a) “Annual Retainer” means the retainer fee established by the Board and paid to a director for services on the Board for a year in accordance with Section 1 of Part II of this Policy. (b) “Audit Committee Fee” means the fee established by the Board and paid to a director for service as a member of the Audit Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Audit Committee) in accordance with Section 4 of Part II of this Policy. (c) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company. (d) “Change in Control” has the meaning set forth in the Stock Plan; provided that in no event will a Change in Control be deemed to have occurred with respect to the Participant if the Participant is part of a purchasing Person which consummates the Change in Control. The Participant will be deemed to be “part of a purchasing group” for purposes of the preceding sentence if the Participant is an equity participant in the purchasing Person (except for: (i) passive ownership of less than 3% of the stock of the purchasing Person; or (ii) ownership of equity participation in the purchasing Person which is otherwise not significant, as determined prior to the Change in Control by a majority of the non-employee continuing directors of the Board). In addition, solely for purposes of Section 4(a) of Part III of this Policy, no event or transaction will constitute a Change in Control unless that event or transaction also constitutes a “change in ownership” of the Company, a “change in effective control” of the Company or a “change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets” of the Company, as those terms are used in Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) of the Code and defined in regulations issued thereunder. (e) “Change in Control Price” means the higher of (i) if applicable, the price paid per share of Common Stock pursuant to the Change in Control transaction and (ii) the closing price per share of Common Stock as reported in the New York Stock Exchange, on the last trading day preceding the date of the Change in Control. Exhibit 10.1

 
2 (f) “Committee Chairman Fee” means the fee established by the Board and paid to a director for service as chairman of any committee of the Board in accordance with Section 3 of Part II of this Policy. (g) “Company” means Livent Corporation, a Delaware corporation. (h) “Compensation Committee Fee” means the fee established by the Board and paid to a director for service as a member of the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Compensation and Organization Committee) in accordance with Section 5 of Part II of this Policy. (i) “Lead Director Fee” means the retainer fee established by the Board and paid to a director for service as the Lead Director of the Board in accordance with Section 2 of Part II of this Policy. (j) “Nominating Committee Fee” means the fee established by the Board and paid to a director for service as a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee) in accordance with Section 6 of Part II of this Policy. (k) “Non-Employee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or Affiliates, as determined in the discretion of the Board. (l) “Participant” means a Non-Employee Director who is eligible to participate in this Policy. (m) “Policy” means the Livent Corporation Compensation Policy for Non- Employee Directors, as may be amended from time to time. (n) “Separation Date” means the date on which the Participant’s Separation from Service occurs. (o) “Separation from Service” means the termination of the Participant’s service on the Board for any reason; provided, however, that solely for purposes of Section 4 of Part III, “Separation from Service” will mean a “Separation from Service” as that term is used in Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(i) of the Code and defined in regulations issued thereunder. (p) “Stock Plan” means the Livent Corporation Incentive Compensation and Stock Plan, as may be amended from time to time. (q) “Sustainability Committee Fee” means the fee established by the Board and paid to a director for service as a member of the Sustainability Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Sustainability Committee) in accordance with Section 7 of Part II of this Policy. 3. Effective Date. This Policy is effective as of May 1, 2023.

 
3 PART II - COMPENSATION 1. Annual Retainer. (a) Each Participant will be entitled to receive an Annual Retainer in such amount as will be determined from time to time by the Board. Until changed by resolution of the Board, the Annual Retainer will be $75,000, which will be payable in cash in equal installments at the end of each calendar year quarter. (b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no later than the last day of any calendar year, a Participant may elect that one hundred percent (100%) of the Annual Retainer payable in the following calendar year be paid in the form of Restricted Stock Units, as set forth in Section 1 of Part III, by providing written notice of such election to the Company. Any such election will be effective on the first day of the next calendar year beginning after the date of such election. (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 1(b), a Participant who is newly elected or appointed to the Board may elect, by written notice to the Company within 30 days after joining the Board, to receive that portion of the Annual Retainer that is payable with respect to the remainder of the first calendar year of his or her service in the form of Restricted Stock Units (as set forth in Section 1 of Part III). 2. Lead Director/Non-Executive Chairman Fee. The Participant who serves as the Lead Director or non-executive Chairman of the Board will be entitled to receive a Lead Director Fee in such amount as will be determined from time to time by the Board. Until changed by resolution of the Board, the Lead Director Fee will be $65,000, which will be paid in cash in equal installments at the end of each calendar year quarter. 3. Committee Chairman Fees. Each Participant who serves as chairman of a committee of the Board will be entitled to receive a Committee Chairman Fee in such amount as will be determined from time to time by the Board, for the tenure of such service. Until changed by resolution of the Board, the Committee Chairman Fees for each committee of the Board will be paid in cash at the annualized rates set forth in the table below in equal installments at the end of each calendar quarter. Audit Committee Chairman Fee $20,000 Compensation and Organization Committee Chairman Fee $15,000 Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chairman Fee $12,000 Sustainability Committee $12,000 4. Audit Committee Fee. Each Participant who serves as a member of the Audit Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Audit Committee) will be entitled to receive additional fees in respect of such service in such amount as will be

 
4 determined from time to time by the Board. Until changed by resolution of the Board, this additional Audit Committee Fee will be paid in cash at an annualized rate of $7,500 in equal installments at the end of each calendar quarter. 5. Compensation Committee Fee. Each Participant who serves as a member of the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Compensation and Organization Committee) will be entitled to receive additional fees in respect of such service in such amount as will be determined from time to time by the Board. Until changed by resolution of the Board, this additional Compensation Committee Fee will be paid in cash at an annualized rate of $5,000 in equal installments at the end of each calendar quarter. 6. Nominating Committee Fee. Each Participant who serves as a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee) will be entitled to receive additional fees in respect of such service in such amount as will be determined from time to time by the Board. Until changed by resolution of the Board, this additional Nominating Committee Fee will be paid in cash at an annualized rate of $4,000 in equal installments at the end of each calendar quarter. 7. Sustainability Committee Fee. Each Participant who serves as a member of the Sustainability Committee of the Board (other than the chairman of the Sustainability Committee) will be entitled to receive additional fees in respect of such service in such amount as will be determined from time to time by the Board. Until changed by resolution of the Board, this additional Sustainability Committee Fee will be paid in cash at an annualized rate of $4,000 in equal installments at the end of each calendar quarter. PART III - STOCK COMPENSATION 1. Retainer Grant. (a) Effective as of May 1 of each calendar year, each Participant will receive a number of Restricted Stock Units determined by dividing (i) the portion of the Participant’s Annual Retainer payable in that calendar year that the Participant elected to defer in accordance with Section 1(b) or 1(c) of Part II by (ii) the Fair Market Value on the date of grant. Restricted Stock units granted under this Section 1 of Part III are hereinafter referred to as “Retainer Units.” Retainer Units will be granted pursuant to, and subject to the terms of, the Stock Plan. (b) In the event of the Participant’s Separation from Service at any time prior to a Change in Control for any reason other than due to his or her death or Disability, the Participant will forfeit a portion of his or her most recent grant of Retainer Units, determined by multiplying (i) the number of such Retainer Units (including any additional Retainer Units credited under that grant pursuant to Section 1(c)) by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is (x) the number of days remaining as of his or her

 
5 Separation Date until the first anniversary of the date of grant for that award of Retainer Units and (y) the denominator of which is 365. (c) If a cash dividend or distribution is paid with respect to outstanding shares of Common Stock, then effective as of the dividend or distribution payment date, each grant of Retainer Units then outstanding will be increased by a number of additional Retainer Units equal to the quotient of (i) the total dividend or distribution that would then be payable with respect to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Retainer Units subject to that grant on the dividend or distribution record date (including any additional Retainer Units previously credited pursuant to this Section 1(c)) divided by (ii) the Fair Market Value on the dividend or distribution record date. 2. Annual Equity Grant. (a) Effective as of May 1 of each calendar year, each Participant will be granted a number of Restricted Stock units determined by dividing $105,000 by the Fair Market Value on the date of grant. Restricted Stock Units granted under this Section 2 are hereinafter referred to as “Annual Units.” Annual Units will be granted pursuant to, and subject to the terms of, the Stock Plan. (b) Annual Units will vest on the earlier of (i) the date of the next annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders’ and (ii) a Change in Control; provided in each case that the Participant has remained in service on the Board through the applicable time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of the Participant’s Separation from Service as a result of his or her death, a pro rata portion of his or her unvested Annual Units will vest and become payable, determined based on the portion of the vesting period that has elapsed as of the Separation Date. Any portion of a Participant’s Annual Units that have not vested on or prior to his or her Separation from Service will then be forfeited and all rights of the Participant to or with respect to such Annual Units will then automatically terminate. (c) If a cash dividend or distribution is paid with respect to outstanding shares of Common Stock, then effective as of the dividend or distribution payment date, each outstanding award of vested Annual Units will be increased by a number of additional vested Annual Units equal to the quotient of (i) the total dividend or distribution that would then be payable with respect to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of vested Annual Units held by the Participant on the dividend or distribution record date (including any additional vested Annual Units previously credited pursuant to this Section 2(c)) divided by (ii) the Fair Market Value on the dividend or distribution record date. 3. Fractional Units. All Restricted Stock Units, as well as dividend equivalent rights credited with respect to such Restricted Stock Units, will be credited in whole units, with any fractional unit being rounded up to the nearest whole number. 4. Form and Time of Payment.

 
6 (a) Payments with respect to vested Restricted Stock Units will be made upon the earlier of (i) the Participant’s Separation Date, (ii) a Change in Control, or (iii) such other date elected by the Participant in a form and manner specified by the Company. (b) Payments made upon the occurrence of a Separation Date or a specified date elected by the Participant will be made in shares of Common Stock. (c) Payments made in connection with a Change in Control will be made in a single lump sum cash payment. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the amount of cash delivered in payment for Restricted Stock Units will be equal to (i) the Change in Control Price multiplied by (ii) the number of Restricted Stock Units with respect to which such cash payment is being made. 5. Rights. Except to the extent otherwise set forth herein, Participants will not have any of the rights of a stockholder with respect to Restricted Stock Units. 6. Payments of Stock Upon Death. In the event of the Participant’s death, payments with respect to any vested Restricted Stock Units will be made in Common Stock to the beneficiary designated by the Participant or, in the absence of a duly executed and filed beneficiary designation form, to the person(s) legally entitled thereto, as designated under his or her will or determined under the laws of intestacy for the jurisdiction of his or her domicile. 7. Nonqualified Stock Options. (a) The Board retains the right to grant Nonqualified Stock Options to Participants in its sole discretion. All such Stock Options will be subject to the terms set forth in this Section and, for the avoidance of doubt, will not be Incentive Stock Options. (b) The per share exercise price to be paid by each Participant at the time a Nonqualified Stock Option is exercised will be equal to 100% of the Fair Market Value on the date of the grant of the Nonqualified Stock Option. (c) Subject to Section 7(d), each Nonqualified Stock Option will expire on the earlier of the (i) 10th anniversary of the date of grant and (ii) 5th anniversary of the Participant’s Separation Date. (d) Each Nonqualified Stock Option will vest on the earlier of (i) the date of the Company’s annual stockholder’s meeting immediately following the date of grant and (ii) a Change in Control, provided in each case that the Participant has remained in service on the Board through the applicable time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of the Participant’s Separation from Service as a result of his or her death, a pro rata portion of his or her unvested Nonqualified Stock Options will vest and become exercisable, determined based on the number full months of service completed during the vesting period of the Nonqualified Stock Option from the date of grant to the Separation Date. Any vested Nonqualified Stock Option held by a Participant at the time of his or her death (determined after application of the preceding sentence) may be exercised during the remainder of its term by the beneficiary designated by the Participant, or in the

 
7 absence of a duly executed and filed beneficiary designation form, by the person(s) designated in the Participant’s will or determined under the laws of intestacy for the jurisdiction of his or her domicile. Any portion of a Participant’s Nonqualified Stock Options that have not vested on or prior to his or her Separation from Service will then be forfeited and all rights of the Participant to or with respect to such Nonqualified Stock Options will then automatically terminate. PART IV - ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS 1. Administration. The Board administers the Policy. The Board has full power to interpret the Policy, formulate additional details and regulations for carrying out the Policy and amend or terminate the Policy as from time to time it deems proper and in the best interest of the Company. Any decision or interpretation of the Board is final and conclusive. 2. Statement of Account. Each Participant will receive an annual statement showing the number and status of and essential terms applicable to Options and Restricted Stock Units that have been awarded to the Participant. 3. Unsegregated Funds. The Company will not segregate any funds or securities in respect of the Participant’s interests under this Policy, and the Participant’s service on the Board is the Participant’s acknowledgment and agreement that any interests of the Participant remain a part of the Company’s general funds and are subject to the claims of the Company’s general creditors. Nothing in this Policy will be construed as creating any trust, express or implied, for the benefit of any Participant. 4. Awards Issued Pursuant to the Policy. All equity-based awards described herein (including any Restricted Stock Units or Options) will be granted under, and subject to the terms of, the Stock Plan (or any successor plan thereto) and the applicable Notice thereunder. 5. Payment of Certain Costs of the Participant. If a dispute arises regarding the interpretation or enforcement of this Policy and the Participant (or in the event of his or her death, his beneficiary) obtains a final judgment in his or her favor from a court of competent jurisdiction from which no appeal may be taken, whether because the time to do so has expired or otherwise, or his or her claim is settled by the Company prior to the rendering of such a judgment, all reasonable legal and other professional fees and expenses incurred by the Participant in contesting or disputing any such claim or in seeking to obtain or enforce any right or benefit provided for in this Policy or in otherwise pursuing his or her claim will be promptly paid by the Company with interest thereon at the highest Delaware statutory rate for interest on judgments against private parties from the date of payment thereof by the Participant to the date of reimbursement by the Company. 6. Reservation of Rights. Nothing in this Policy will be construed to (a) give any Participant any right to defer compensation received for services as a director of the Company other than as expressly authorized and permitted in this Policy or in any other

 
8 plan or arrangement approved by the Board, (b) create any obligation on the part of the Board to nominate any Participant for reelection by the Company’s stockholders or (c) limit in any way the right of the Board to remove a Participant as a director of the Board. 7. Amendment or Termination. The Board may, at any time by resolution, terminate or amend this Policy, provided that no such termination or amendment will adversely affect the rights of Participants or beneficiaries of Participants with respect to cash or equity-based awards granted under this Policy prior to such termination or amendment, without the consent of the Participant or, if applicable, the Participant’s beneficiaries. 8. Withholding. The Company will have the right to deduct or withhold from all payments of compensation any taxes required by law to be withheld with respect to such payments. 9. Change in Law. If, for any reason, the anticipated benefits of the deferral of any Retainer Units pursuant to this Policy or any provision hereof are frustrated by reason of any interpretation of or change in law, policy or regulation, the Board may, in its discretion, terminate the deferral arrangement or delete or suspend the operation of such provision. 10. Directors Elected Between Annual Stockholders’ Meetings. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Policy, unless otherwise determined by the Board, the compensation hereunder of an individual who becomes a Participant as a result of his or her election to the Board other than at an annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders will be prorated for the period of service commencing with his or her initial election and ending on the Company’s next annual stockholders’ meeting. 11. Section 409A. This Policy and any compensation granted hereunder is intended to comply with, or be exempt from, the provisions of Section 409A of the Code. If any provision of the Policy would otherwise frustrate or conflict with this intent, the provision, term or condition shall be interpreted and deemed amended so as to avoid this conflict. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the tax treatment of the benefits provided under the Policy is not warranted or guaranteed, and in no event shall the Company be liable for all or any portion of any taxes, penalties, interest or other expenses that may be incurred by any Participant on account of non-compliance with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Policy, to the extent compliance with the requirements of Treas. Reg. § 1.409A-3(i)(2) is necessary to avoid the application of an additional tax under Section 409A of the Code, shares of Common Stock that are otherwise issuable upon the Participant’s Separation from Service will be deferred (without interest) and issued to the Participant immediately following the six month delay period.

 

Exhibit 31.1
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Paul W. Graves, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Livent Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2023

/s/ Paul W. Graves
Paul W. Graves
President and Chief Executive Officer
 

Exhibit 31.2
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Gilberto Antoniazzi, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Livent Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 

Date: May 4, 2023
 
/s/ Gilberto Antoniazzi
Gilberto Antoniazzi
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 

 Exhibit 32.1
CEO CERTIFICATION OF QUARTERLY REPORT
I, Paul W. Graves, President and Chief Executive Officer of Livent Corporation (“the Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, based on my knowledge that:
(1)the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: May 4, 2023

/s/ Paul W. Graves
Paul W. Graves
President and Chief Executive Officer
 

 Exhibit 32.2
CFO CERTIFICATION OF QUARTERLY REPORT
I, Gilberto Antoniazzi, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Livent Corporation (“the Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, based on my knowledge that:
(1)the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: May 4, 2023
 
/s/ Gilberto Antoniazzi
Gilberto Antoniazzi
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer