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                                                                          
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________________________________
 FORM 10-Q
_______________________________________________________________________
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
or
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 001-38694
__________________________________________________________________________
LIVENT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Delaware 82-4699376
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1818 Market Street
Philadelphia
Pennsylvania
19103
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 215-299-5900
__________________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per shareLTHMNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes     No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12B-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer 

  Accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer 
  Smaller reporting company 
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  
As of September 30, 2023, there were 179,729,437 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.



LIVENT CORPORATION
INDEX
 
 Page
No.



2


Glossary of Terms
When the following terms and abbreviations appear in the text of this report, they have the meanings indicated below:
2025 Notes$245.75 million principal amount 4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025
AllkemAllkem Limited, an Australian public company limited by shares
AOCLAccumulated other comprehensive loss
ASC 842Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842 - Leases
Credit AgreementAs amended, provides for a $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility
EAETREstimated annual effective tax rate
EVElectric vehicle
Exchange ActSecurities and Exchange Act of 1934
FMCFMC Corporation
IRAInflation Reduction Act
Livent NQSPLivent Non-Qualified Savings Plan
MdAMinera del Altiplano SA, our local operating subsidiary in Argentina
Merger SubLightning-A Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nemaska Lithium or NLINemaska Lithium Inc., a non-public lithium company not yet in the production stage domiciled in Québec, Canada
Nemaska Lithium Project
Through our subsidiary, Québec Lithium Partners (UK) Limited, we own a 50% equity interest in NLI, which in turn is developing the Nemaska Lithium Project, which will consist of the Whabouchi Mine and concentrator in the James Bay region of Québec and a lithium hydroxide conversion plant in Bécancour, Québec
NewCoArcadium Lithium plc, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey (originally incorporated as Lightning-A Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey)
QLP
Québec Lithium Partners (UK) Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Livent, which owns a 50% equity interest in the Nemaska Lithium Project
QLP MergerOn June 6, 2022, Livent closed on the Transaction Agreement and Plan of Merger with The Pallinghurst Group to provide Livent with a direct 50% ownership interest in the Nemaska Lithium Project. Livent issued 17,500,000 shares of its common stock to acquire the remaining 50% share of Québec Lithium Partners (UK) Limited, previously owned by The Pallinghurst Group and certain of its investors
Revolving Credit FacilityLivent's $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility, as provided by the Credit Agreement
RSURestricted stock unit
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission
Securities ActSecurities Act of 1933
SeparationOn October 15, 2018, Livent completed its initial public offering and sold 20 million shares of Livent common stock to the public at a price of $17.00 per share
SOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate
TransactionProposed transaction to consummate the combination of Livent and Allkem in a merger of equals, stock-for-stock transaction. The transaction, which is expected to close by around the end of calendar year 2023, is subject to customary closing conditions, including, among others, approval by Allkem’s shareholders and our stockholders and receipt of required regulatory approvals
Transaction AgreementTransaction Agreement entered into on May 10, 2023, by and among Livent, Allkem and NewCo, and subsequently joined by Merger Sub, providing for the Transaction (as amended on August 2, 2023)
U.S. GAAPUnited States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
VATValue-added tax
3



PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(in Millions, Except Per Share Data)(unaudited)
Revenue$211.4 $231.6 $700.7 $593.8 
Cost of sales94.9 112.2 274.8 312.0 
Gross margin116.5 119.4 425.9 281.8 
Selling, general and administrative expenses13.2 15.0 47.1 40.6 
Research and development expenses1.3 0.9 3.3 2.6 
Restructuring and other charges8.6 0.7 34.7 4.6 
Separation-related costs— 0.1 — 0.5 
Total costs and expenses118.0 128.9 359.9 360.3 
Income from operations before equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate, loss on debt extinguishment and other gain93.4 102.7 340.8 233.5 
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate6.7 3.5 22.0 8.4 
Loss on debt extinguishment— 0.1 — 0.1 
Other gain(10.0)— (21.4)(22.2)
Income from operations before income taxes96.7 99.1 340.2 247.2 
Income tax expense9.3 21.5 47.8 56.4 
Net income$87.4 $77.6 $292.4 $190.8 
Net income per weighted average share - basic$0.49 $0.43 $1.63 $1.13 
Net income per weighted average share - diluted$0.42 $0.37 $1.40 $0.96 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic179.7 179.3 179.7 169.3 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 209.3 209.4 209.3 199.2 












The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4


LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(in Millions)(unaudited)
Net income$87.4 $77.6 $292.4 $190.8 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency adjustments:
Foreign currency translation loss arising during the period(1.8)(6.1)(1.3)(11.5)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments(1.8)(6.1)(1.3)(11.5)
Derivative instruments:
Unrealized hedging losses, net of tax of $0.2, less than $0.1, zero and zero
(0.6)(0.1)— — 
Reclassification of deferred losses included in net income, net of tax of $(0.1), $(0.1), $(0.1) and $(0.1)
0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 
Total derivative instruments(0.4)0.2 0.2 0.2 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(2.2)(5.9)(1.1)(11.3)
Comprehensive income$85.2 $71.7 $291.3 $179.5 

































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5


LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in Millions, Except Share and Par Value Data)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETS(unaudited)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$112.6 $189.0 
Trade receivables, net of allowance of approximately $0.3 in 2023 and 2022
110.1 141.6 
Inventories, net202.7 152.3 
Prepaid and other current assets52.8 61.1 
Total current assets478.2 544.0 
Investments504.8 440.3 
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $260.8 in 2023 and $253.1 in 2022
1,215.4 968.3 
Deferred income taxes0.4 0.4 
Right of use assets - operating leases, net 6.4 4.8 
Other assets155.9 116.4 
Total assets$2,361.1 $2,074.2 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, trade and other$71.1 $81.7 
Accrued and other current liabilities55.0 37.4 
Contract liability - short-term9.7 15.5 
Operating lease liabilities - current 1.1 0.9 
Income taxes1.4 13.2 
Total current liabilities138.3 148.7 
Long-term debt 243.1 241.9 
Operating lease liabilities - long-term5.5 4.2 
Environmental liabilities6.5 6.4 
Deferred income taxes11.7 16.1 
Contract liability - long-term198.0 198.0 
Other long-term liabilities17.4 15.9 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 13)— — 
Total current and long-term liabilities620.5 631.2 
Equity
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 2 billion shares authorized; 179,837,555 and 179,652,125 shares issued; 179,729,437 and 179,548,550 outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
0.1 0.1 
Capital in excess of par value of common stock 1,166.7 1,160.4 
Retained earnings 626.8 334.4 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(52.1)(51.0)
Treasury stock, at cost; 108,118 and 103,575 shares as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
(0.9)(0.9)
Total equity1,740.6 1,443.0 
Total liabilities and equity$2,361.1 $2,074.2 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6


LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
 (in Millions)
(unaudited)
Cash provided by operating activities:
Net income$292.4 $190.8 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization21.5 19.4 
Restructuring and other charges22.5 4.4 
Deferred income taxes(4.8)11.3 
Share-based compensation6.2 5.2 
Change in investments in trust fund securities(0.2)0.6 
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate22.0 8.4 
       Other gain, Blue Chip Swap(21.4)(22.2)
       Other non-cash adjustments(0.3)(0.2)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables, net29.9 (76.7)
Inventories(56.2)(14.4)
Accounts payable, trade and other(33.6)11.1 
Changes in deferred compensation 1.2 (0.6)
Contract liability - short-term(5.8)— 
Contract liability - long-term— 198.0 
Income taxes(11.6)4.8 
Change in prepaid and other current assets and other assets4.9 (25.2)
Change in accrued and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities(4.9)13.5 
Cash provided by operating activities261.8 328.2 
Cash used in investing activities:
Capital expenditures(1)
(239.4)(228.3)
Investments in Livent NQSP securities(0.9)(0.1)
Proceeds from Blue Chip Swap, net of purchases 21.4 22.2 
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate(85.4)(17.7)
Other investing activities (11.2)(1.8)
Cash used in investing activities(315.5)(225.7)
Cash used in financing activities:
Proceeds from Revolving Credit Facility — 13.0 
Repayments of Revolving Credit Facility— (13.0)
Payments of financing fees - Revolving Credit Facility— (2.2)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock - incentive plans 0.5 1.2 
Payment of deposit to customs authorities(21.7)— 
Other financing activities(0.3)— 
Cash used in financing activities(21.5)(1.0)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1.2)(2.9)
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents(76.4)98.6 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period189.0 113.0 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$112.6 $211.6 
7



LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
Supplemental Disclosure for Cash Flow:(unaudited)
Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds $55.3 $35.8 
Cash payments for interest (1)
11.3 12.1 
Cash payments/(receipts) for Restructuring and other charges12.2 (0.1)
Cash payments for Separation-related charges— 0.9 
Accrued capital expenditures39.5 30.7 
Accrued investment in unconsolidated affiliate— 16.6 
Non-cash investment in unconsolidated affiliate— 387.1 
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recorded for ASC 8420.9 — 
____________________
1.For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, $12.6 million and $12.0 million of interest expense was capitalized, respectively.























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
8













LIVENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(in Millions Except Per Share Data)
Common Stock, $0.001 Per Share Par Value
Capital In Excess of Par Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossTreasury StockTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2021$0.1 $778.1 $60.9 $(42.9)$(0.8)$795.4 
Net income— — 53.2 — — 53.2 
Stock compensation plans — 1.7 — — — 1.7 
Exercise of stock options— 0.1 — — — 0.1 
Shares withheld for taxes - common stock issuances— (0.5)— — — (0.5)
Net hedging gains, net of income tax— — — 0.1 — 0.1 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — (1.0)— (1.0)
Balance as of March 31, 2022$0.1 $779.4 $114.1 $(43.8)$(0.8)$849.0 
Net income— — 60.0 — — 60.0 
Stock compensation plans— 1.8 — — — 1.8 
Issuance of common stock - QLP Merger— 373.9 — — — 373.9 
Exercise of stock options — 0.2 — — — 0.2 
Shares withheld for taxes - common stock issuances— (0.2)— — — (0.2)
Reclassification of deferred hedging gains, net of tax— — — (0.1)— (0.1)
Net purchases of treasury stock - Livent NQSP— — — — (0.1)(0.1)
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — (4.4)— (4.4)
Balance as of June 30, 2022$0.1 $1,155.1 $174.1 $(48.3)$(0.9)$1,280.1 
Net income— — 77.6 — — 77.6 
Stock compensation plans— 1.8 — — — 1.8 
Exercise of stock options— 0.9 — — — 0.9 
Net sales of treasury stock - Livent NQSP— — — — 0.1 0.1 
Net hedging losses, net of income tax— — — (0.1)— (0.1)
Reclassification of deferred hedging losses, net of tax— — 0.3 — 0.3 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — (6.1)— (6.1)
Balance as of September 30, 2022$0.1 $1,157.8 $251.7 $(54.2)$(0.8)$1,354.6 
Balance as of December 31, 2022$0.1 $1,160.4 $334.4 $(51.0)$(0.9)$1,443.0 
Net income— — 114.8 — — 114.8 
Stock compensation plans — 1.9 — — — 1.9 
Exercise of stock options — 0.1 — — — 0.1 
Shares withheld for taxes - common stock issuances— (0.5)— — — (0.5)
Net hedging gains, net of income tax— — — 0.2 — 0.2 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — 1.5 — 1.5 
Balance as of March 31, 2023$0.1 $1,161.9 $449.2 $(49.3)$(0.9)$1,561.0 
Net income— — 90.2 — — 90.2 
Stock compensation plans— 2.1 — — — 2.1 
Exercise of stock options— 0.3 — — — 0.3 
Net hedging gain, net of income tax— — — 0.4 — 0.4 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — (1.0)— (1.0)
Balance as of June 30, 2023$0.1 $1,164.3 $539.4 $(49.9)$(0.9)$1,653.0 
Net income— — 87.4 — — 87.4 
Stock compensation plans— 2.2 — — — 2.2 
Exercise of stock options— 0.2 — — — 0.2 
Net hedging losses, net of income tax— — — (0.6)— (0.6)
Reclassification of deferred hedging losses, net of tax— — — 0.2 — 0.2 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — — (1.8)— (1.8)
Balance as of September 30, 2023$0.1 $1,166.7 $626.8 $(52.1)$(0.9)$1,740.6 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
9


LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1: Description of the Business
Background and Nature of Operations
Livent Corporation ("Livent", "we", "us", "Company" or "our") manufactures a wide range of lithium products, which are used primarily in lithium-based batteries, specialty polymers and chemical synthesis applications. We serve a diverse group of markets. A major growth driver for lithium in the future will be the increasing adoption of electric vehicles ("EVs") and other energy storage applications.
Most markets for lithium chemicals are global with significant growth occurring in Asia, followed by Europe and North America, primarily driven by the development and manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. We are one of the primary producers of performance lithium compounds.
Note 2: Principal Accounting Policies and Related Financial Information
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain notes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted from these interim financial statements. The financial statements included in this report reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of our condensed consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the condensed consolidated results of operations, the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income and the condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the condensed consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The unaudited results of operations for the interim periods reported are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year. These statements, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K").
Proposed Transaction with Allkem Limited
On May 10, 2023, we entered into a Transaction Agreement (as subsequently amended on August 2, 2023, the “Transaction Agreement”) with Allkem Limited, an Australian public company limited by shares (“Allkem”), and Arcadium Lithium plc, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey (originally incorporated as Lightning-A Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey) (“NewCo”), which was subsequently joined by Lightning-A Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), providing for a combination of Livent and Allkem in a merger of equals, stock-for-stock transaction (the “Transaction”). According to the Transaction Agreement, each of Livent's stockholders will receive 2.406 shares of NewCo in exchange for each Livent share that they own. Upon completion of the Transaction, Allkem shareholders and Livent stockholders will hold approximately 56% and 44%, respectively, of NewCo’s shares, and both Livent and Allkem will be subsidiaries of NewCo. The Transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including, among others, approval by Allkem’s shareholders and our stockholders and receipt of required regulatory approvals. The Transaction Agreement contains certain termination rights for both Livent and Allkem, including if the Transaction is not completed on or before February 10, 2024, subject in certain circumstances to extension to May 10, 2024 upon notice by either party if necessary to secure certain regulatory approvals. The Transaction Agreement provides that, if the Transaction Agreement is terminated, a party will pay a $64.6 million termination fee to the other party in the case of certain events described in the Transaction Agreement, including if such party terminates the Transaction Agreement in connection with such party’s board of directors changing its recommendation that such party's shareholders vote in favor of the Transaction and if the other party terminates the Transaction Agreement due to such party’s board of directors changing such recommendation. The termination fee may also become payable by Livent or Allkem if the Transaction Agreement is terminated in certain circumstances and such party enters into an agreement for an alternative transaction within twelve months of such termination. We currently expect the Transaction to close by around the end of calendar year 2023. A registration statement on Form S-4 was filed with the SEC on July 21, 2023, as amended on September 27, 2023, and contains a preliminary proxy statement and prospectus in connection with the previously announced Transaction Agreement.
The foregoing summary of the Transaction Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms and conditions of the Transaction Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023, and the Amendment to the Transaction Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 2, 2023.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
See “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information about the Transaction.
Blue Chip Swap
Our wholly owned subsidiary in Argentina uses the U.S. dollar as its functional currency. Argentina peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at each balance sheet date to the official currency exchange rate then in effect which represents the exchange rate available for external commerce (import payments and export collections) and financial payments, with currency remeasurement and other transaction gains and losses recognized in earnings. In September 2019, the President of Argentina reinstituted exchange controls restricting foreign currency purchases in an attempt to stabilize Argentina’s financial markets. As a result, a legal trading mechanism known as the Blue Chip Swap emerged in Argentina for all individuals or entities to transfer U.S. dollars out of and into Argentina. The Blue Chip Swap rate is the implicit exchange rate resulting from the Blue Chip Swap transaction. Recently, the Blue Chip Swap rate has diverged significantly from Argentina’s official rate due to the economic environment. In the second and third quarters of 2023, we transferred U.S. dollars into Argentina through the Blue Chip Swap method whereby we realized a gain from the purchase in U.S. dollars and sale in Argentina pesos of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds. The gain of U.S. $10.0 million and $21.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, was recorded to Other gain in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 3: Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Regulatory Items
See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

Note 4: Revenue Recognition     
Disaggregation of revenue
We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by geographical areas (based on product destination) and by product categories. The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major geographical region:
(in Millions)Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
North America (1)
$31.9 $46.8 $124.5 $109.3 
Latin America0.1 0.7 1.8 1.8 
Europe, Middle East & Africa15.6 30.1 72.0 76.8 
Asia Pacific (1)
163.8 154.0 502.4 405.9 
Consolidated Revenue$211.4 $231.6 $700.7 $593.8 
1.During the three months ended September 30, 2023, countries with sales in excess of 10% of consolidated revenue consisted of China, Japan, the U.S., and South Korea. Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023 for China, Japan, the U.S., and South Korea totaled $95.6 million, $42.1 million, $30.0 million, and $20.6 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, countries with sales in excess of 10% of consolidated revenue consisted of China, the U.S., Japan, and South Korea. Sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 for China, the U.S., Japan, and South Korea, totaled $274.9 million, $120.0 million, $118.2 million, and $86.9 million, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, countries with sales in excess of 10% of consolidated revenue consisted of China, the U.S., and Japan. Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2022 for China, the U.S., and Japan totaled $85.0 million, $45.1 million, and $39.2 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, countries with sales in excess of 10% of consolidated revenue consisted of China, Japan, and the U.S. Sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 for China, Japan, and the U.S. totaled $208.8 million, $124.1 million, and $105.6 million, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 28% and 25%, respectively, of consolidated revenue and our 10 largest customers accounted in aggregate for approximately 78% of consolidated revenue. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for approximately 22% of consolidated revenue and our 10 largest customers accounted in aggregate for approximately 62% of consolidated revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 25% and 22%, respectively, of consolidated revenue and our 10 largest customers accounted in aggregate for approximately 70% of consolidated revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for approximately 23% of consolidated revenue and our 10 largest customers
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
accounted in aggregate for approximately 61% of consolidated revenue. A loss of any material customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major product category:
(in Millions)Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Lithium Hydroxide$142.8 $118.4 $449.2 $299.5 
Butyllithium49.6 88.2 188.3 203.1 
High Purity Lithium Metal and Other Specialty Compounds10.0 11.9 39.6 42.0 
Lithium Carbonate and Lithium Chloride9.0 13.1 23.6 49.2 
Consolidated Revenue$211.4 $231.6 $700.7 $593.8 

Contract asset and contract liability balances
We satisfy our obligations by transferring goods and services in exchange for consideration from customers. The timing of performance sometimes differs from the timing the associated consideration is received from the customer, thus resulting in the recognition of a contract liability. We recognize a contract liability if the customer’s payment of consideration is received prior to completion of our related performance obligation.
The following table presents the opening and closing balances of our contract liabilities and current trade receivables, net of allowances from contracts with customers.
(in Millions)Balance as of September 30, 2023Balance as of December 31, 2022Decrease
Receivables from contracts with customers, net of allowances$110.1 $141.6 $(31.5)
Contract liability - short-term9.7 15.5 (5.8)
Contract liability - long-term 198.0 198.0 — 

Performance obligations
Occasionally, we may enter into multi-year take or pay supply agreements with customers. The aggregate amount of revenue expected to be recognized related to these contracts’ performance obligations is approximately $1.7 billion in the next six years. Based on our past experience with the customers under these arrangements, we expect to continue recognizing revenue in accordance with the contracts as we transfer control of the product to the customer. However, in the case a shortfall of volume purchases occurs, we will recognize the amount payable by the customer over the remaining performance obligations in the contract.

Note 5: Inventories, Net

Inventories consisted of the following:
 (in Millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Finished goods$70.1 $44.6 
Semi-finished goods 88.6 57.1 
Raw materials, supplies, and other44.0 50.6 
Inventories, net$202.7 $152.3 

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)

Note 6: Investments    
Nemaska Lithium Inc. ("Nemaska Lithium" or "NLI"), domiciled in Canada and headquartered in Montreal, Québec, is a non-public mining company not yet in the production stage. It is a development company aiming to vertically integrate, from extracting, processing and concentrating spodumene to conversion of spodumene into battery-grade lithium hydroxide, primarily intended for EV and other energy storage applications. Its primary assets are construction in progress and intangibles principally related to intellectual property. Nemaska Lithium intends to develop the Whabouchi spodumene mine and concentrator in the James Bay region of Québec and a lithium hydroxide conversion plant in Bécancour, Québec (collectively, the "Nemaska Lithium Project"). As a developing company and to fund the Nemaska Lithium Project, Nemaska Lithium is reliant on securing financing from its shareholders through share subscriptions.
The Company accounts for the investment in Nemaska Lithium as an equity method investment on a one-quarter lag basis and it is included in Investments in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a $6.7 million and $22.0 million loss, respectively, related to our equity interest in Nemaska Lithium to Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The carrying amount of our equity interest in Nemaska Lithium was $500.7 million and $437.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, representing our 50% economic interest.
In October 2023, we entered into an amendment to our shareholders agreement with Nemaska Lithium, and also amendments to certain related service agreements. The Company is evaluating the accounting implications of these amendments.

Note 7: Restructuring and Other Charges
The following table shows other charges included in "Restructuring and other charges" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in Millions)2023202220232022
Restructuring charges:
Severance-related and exit costs $— $0.4 $2.4 $0.9 
Other charges:
Costs related to the Transaction13.6 0.1 32.3 2.3 
Bessemer City plant fire - gain, net of insurance recoveries (5.0)— — — 
Environmental remediation 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 
Other (0.1)0.1 (0.4)1.1 
Total Restructuring and other charges$8.6 $0.7 $34.7 $4.6 

Bessemer City Plant Fire
On June 26, 2023, a fire broke out at Livent's 800-acre manufacturing facility in Bessemer City, North Carolina. The fire was principally contained to a steel and concrete warehouse which was used primarily to store lithium metal ingots, as well as some ancillary maintenance and production supplies. The warehouse and its contents were destroyed by the fire. There were no injuries and to our knowledge no toxic chemicals or compounds were on fire or released into the environment. All lithium hydroxide, butyllithium and catalyst grade lithium metal production lines were back in operation by June 29, 2023. The production unit for pharmaceutical grade lithium carbonate was able to resume operation in October 2023, and the production unit for high purity lithium metal is expected to be back online by the end of 2023. Construction to rebuild the warehouse is anticipated to begin in the first quarter of 2024.
The Company recorded a gain, net of insurance recoveries, of $5.0 million and zero million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, for clean-up and disposal costs and the carrying value of fixed assets and inventory destroyed by the fire. The Company continues to work with its insurance providers to assess the damage and applicable insurance coverage amounts recoverable under its enforceable insurance policies.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)


Note 8: Income Taxes
We determine our interim tax provision using an estimated annual effective tax rate methodology ("EAETR") in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The EAETR is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income, exclusive of discrete items. The tax effects of discrete items are then included to arrive at the total reported interim tax provision.
The determination of the EAETR is based upon a number of estimates, including the estimated annual pretax ordinary income in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate. As our projections of ordinary income change throughout the year, the EAETR will change period-to-period. The tax effects of discrete items are recognized in the tax provision in the period they occur in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Depending on various factors, such as the item’s significance in relation to total income and the rate of tax applicable in the jurisdiction to which it relates, discrete items in any quarter can materially impact the reported effective tax rate. As a global enterprise, our tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, as well as other factors. As a result, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.
Provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was an expense of $9.3 million and $47.8 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 9.6% and 14.1%, respectively. Provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was an expense of $21.5 million and $56.4 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 21.7% and 22.8%, respectively.

Note 9: Debt
Long-term debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:
Interest Rate
Percentage
Maturity
Date
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in Millions)SOFR borrowingsBase rate borrowings
Revolving Credit Facility (1)
7.17%9.25%2027$— $— 
4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025
4.125%2025245.8 245.8 
Transaction costs - 2025 Notes
(2.7)(3.9)
Total long-term debt (2)
$243.1 $241.9 
______________________________
1.As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $20.8 million and $14.9 million, respectively, in letters of credit outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility and $479.2 million and $485.1 million available funds as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Fund availability is subject to the Company meeting its debt covenants.
2.As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no debt maturing within one year.
4.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025
In the fourth quarter of 2023, the holders of the 2025 Notes were notified that the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, September 30, 2023 was greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each trading day, and as a result, the holders have the option to convert all or any portion of their 2025 Notes through December 31, 2023.
In addition, in light of the impending Transaction, as previously disclosed by the Company in its Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 19, 2023, in the fourth quarter of 2023, the holders of the 2025 Notes were notified that all or any portion of their 2025 Notes may be surrendered for conversion at any time from or after October 20, 2023, until 35 trading days after the actual effective date of the proposed Transaction.
The conversion rate for the 2025 Notes is 114.4885 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes. The 2025 Notes are classified as long-term debt.
The Company recognized non-cash interest related to the amortization of transaction costs for the 2025 Notes of $0.3 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, all of which was capitalized. The
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Company recorded $2.5 million and $7.6 million of accrued interest expense related to the principal amount for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, all of which was capitalized.
Covenants
The Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants that are binding on us and our subsidiary, Livent USA Corp., as borrowers (the "Borrowers") and their subsidiaries, including, among others, restrictions (subject to exceptions and qualifications) on the ability of the Borrowers and their subsidiaries to create liens, to undertake fundamental changes, to incur debt, to sell or dispose of assets, to make investments, to make restricted payments such as dividends, distributions or equity repurchases, to change the nature of their businesses, to enter into transactions with affiliates and to enter into certain restrictive agreements. Furthermore, the Borrowers are subject to financial covenants regarding leverage (measured as the ratio of debt to adjusted earnings) and interest coverage (measured as the ratio of adjusted earnings to interest expense). Our maximum allowable first lien leverage ratio is 3.5 as of September 30, 2023. Our minimum allowable interest coverage ratio is 3.5. We were in compliance with all requirements of the covenants as of September 30, 2023.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Note 10: Equity
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had 2 billion shares of common stock authorized. The following is a summary of Livent's common stock issued and outstanding:
IssuedTreasuryOutstanding
Balance as of December 31, 2022179,652,125 (103,575)179,548,550 
RSU awards129,379 — 129,379 
Stock option awards55,937 — 55,937 
Purchases of treasury stock - NQSP— (4,543)(4,543)
Issuance of common stock - conversion of 2025 Notes114 — 114 
Balance as of September 30, 2023179,837,555 (108,118)179,729,437 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Summarized below is the roll forward of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax.
(in Millions)Foreign currency adjustmentsDerivative Instruments Total
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of December 31, 2022
$(51.0)$— $(51.0)
Other comprehensive losses before reclassifications(1.3)— (1.3)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss— 0.2 0.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of September 30, 2023
$(52.3)$0.2 $(52.1)
(in Millions)Foreign currency adjustmentsDerivative Instruments Total
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of December 31, 2021
$(43.1)$0.2 $(42.9)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(11.5)— (11.5)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss— 0.2 0.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of September 30, 2022
$(54.6)$0.4 $(54.2)

Reclassifications of accumulated other comprehensive loss
Hedging losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $0.2 million, net of provision for income taxes of $0.1 million. Hedging losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, net of provision for income taxes of less than $0.1 million for each period.
Dividends
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we paid no dividends. We do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

Note 11: Earnings Per Share
Earnings per common share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis.
Our potentially dilutive securities include potential common shares related to our stock options, restricted stock units, performance restricted stock units and 2025 Notes. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information. Diluted earnings per share ("Diluted EPS") considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. Diluted EPS excludes the impact of potential common shares related to our stock options in periods in which the option exercise price is greater than the average market price of our common stock for the period. We use the if-converted method when calculating the potential dilutive effect, if any, of our 2025 Notes.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Earnings applicable to common stock and common stock shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
(in Millions, Except Share and Per Share Data)Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Numerator:
Net income $87.4 $77.6 $292.4 $190.8 
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic
179.7 179.3 179.7 169.3 
Dilutive share equivalents from share-based plans 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.8 
Dilutive share equivalents from 2025 Notes28.1 28.1 28.1 28.1 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 209.3 209.4 209.3 199.2 
Basic earnings per common share:
Net income per weighted average share - basic$0.49 $0.43 $1.63 $1.13 
Diluted earnings per common share:
Net income per weighted average share - diluted$0.42 $0.37 $1.40 $0.96 
Anti-dilutive stock options
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, options to purchase 181,024 and 146,770 shares of our common stock, respectively, at an average exercise price of $23.33 per share were anti-dilutive and not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, none of the outstanding options to purchase shares of our common stock were anti-dilutive.

Note 12: Financial Instruments, Risk Management and Fair Value Measurements     
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other current assets, investments held in trust fund, trade payables, derivatives and amounts included in accruals meeting the definition of financial instruments. Investments in the Livent NQSP deferred compensation plan trust fund are considered Level 1 investments based on readily available quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other current assets, and trade payables approximates their fair value due to their short term nature and are considered Level 1 investments. Our other financial instruments include the following:
Financial InstrumentValuation Method
Foreign exchange forward contractsEstimated amounts that would be received or paid to terminate the contracts at the reporting date based on current market prices for applicable currencies.

The estimated fair value of our foreign exchange forward contracts have been determined using standard pricing models which take into account the present value of expected future cash flows discounted to the balance sheet date. These standard pricing models utilize inputs derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data such as currency and commodity spot and forward rates.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The inputs used to measure fair value are classified into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The estimated fair value and the carrying amount of debt were $533.2 million and $243.1 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023. Our 2025 Notes are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Use of Derivative Financial Instruments to Manage Risk
We mitigate certain financial exposures connected to currency risk through a program of risk management that includes the use of derivative financial instruments. We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates.
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes relating derivatives that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. We also assess both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether each derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item. If we determine that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, or if a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, we discontinue hedge accounting with respect to that derivative prospectively.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Management
We conduct business in many foreign countries, exposing earnings, cash flows, and our financial position to foreign currency risks. The majority of these risks arise as a result of foreign currency transactions. The primary currencies for which we have exchange rate exposure are the Euro, the British pound, the Chinese yuan, the Argentine peso, and the Japanese yen. We currently do not hedge foreign currency risks associated with the Argentine peso due to the limited availability and the high cost of suitable derivative instruments. Our policy is to minimize exposure to adverse changes in currency exchange rates. This is accomplished through a controlled program of risk management that could include the use of foreign currency debt and forward foreign exchange contracts. We also use forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge firm and highly anticipated foreign currency cash flows, with an objective of balancing currency risk to provide adequate protection from significant fluctuations in the currency markets.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Our counterparties to derivative contracts are primarily major financial institutions. We limit the dollar amount of contracts entered into with any one financial institution and monitor counterparties’ credit ratings. We also enter into master netting agreements with each financial institution, where possible, which helps mitigate the credit risk associated with our financial instruments. While we may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of counterparties, we consider this risk remote.
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Cash Flow Hedges
We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. On the date we enter into the derivative instrument, we generally designate the derivative as a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a forecasted transaction (cash flow hedge). We record in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as and meet all the required criteria for, a cash flow hedge. We then reclassify these amounts into earnings as the underlying hedged item affects earnings. In contrast we immediately record in earnings changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as cash flow hedges. As of September 30, 2023, we had open foreign currency forward contracts in AOCL in a net after-tax gain position of $0.2 million designated as cash flow hedges of underlying forecasted sales and purchases. As of September 30, 2023 we had open forward contracts with various expiration dates to buy, sell or exchange foreign currencies with a U.S. dollar equivalent of approximately $12.4 million.
A net after-tax gain of $0.2 million, representing open foreign currency exchange contracts, will be realized in earnings during the year ending December 31, 2023 if spot rates in the future are consistent with market rates as of September 30, 2023. The actual effect on earnings will be dependent on the actual spot rates when the forecasted transactions occur. We recognize derivative gains and losses in the “Cost of sales” line in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Derivatives Not Designated As Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
We hold certain forward contracts that have not been designated as cash flow hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Contracts used to hedge the exposure to foreign currency fluctuations associated with certain monetary assets and liabilities are not designated as cash flow hedging instruments and changes in the fair value of these items are recorded in earnings.
We had open forward contracts not designated as cash flow hedging instruments for accounting purposes with various expiration dates to buy, sell or exchange foreign currencies with a U.S. dollar equivalent of approximately $112.1 million as of September 30, 2023.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
The following table provides the gross fair value and net balance sheet presentation of our derivative instruments. The Company had open derivative cash flow hedge contracts with a liability position of less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022.
September 30, 2023
Gross Amount of Derivatives
(in Millions)Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative assets
Foreign exchange contracts$0.3 
Total derivative assets (1)
0.3 
Net derivative assets$0.3 
__________________
1.Net balance is included in “Prepaid and other current assets” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
The following tables summarize the gains or losses related to our cash flow hedges and derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments.
(in Millions)Total Foreign Exchange Contracts
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of December 31, 2022$— 
Unrealized hedging gains, net of tax 0.2 
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax0.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of March 31, 2023$0.2 
Unrealized hedging gains, net of tax 0.4 
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax0.4 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax at June 30, 2023$0.6 
Unrealized hedging losses, net of tax (0.6)
Reclassification of deferred hedging losses, net of tax0.2 
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax(0.4)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax at September 30, 2023$0.2 

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
(in Millions)Total Foreign Exchange Contracts
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of December 31, 2021$0.2 
Unrealized hedging gains, net of tax 0.1 
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax0.1 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax as of March 31, 2022$0.3 
Reclassification of deferred hedging gains, net of tax(0.1)
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax(0.1)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax at June 30, 2022$0.2 
Unrealized hedging losses, net of tax (0.1)
Reclassification of deferred hedging gains, net of tax0.3 
Total derivatives instruments impact on comprehensive income, net of tax0.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax at September 30, 2022$0.4 
Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain or (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) 
Recognized in Income on Derivatives (1)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in Millions) 2023202220232022
Foreign Exchange contracts
Cost of sales (2)
$(0.1)$(0.6)$1.8 $(4.5)
Total$(0.1)$(0.6)$1.8 $(4.5)
____________________
1.Amounts represent the gain or loss on the derivative instrument offset by the gain or loss on the hedged item.
2.A gain of $0.2 million related to intercompany loan hedges is included in Restructuring and other charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. There is no gain or loss related to intercompany loan hedges included in Restructuring and other charges for the three months ended September 30, 2023. A gain of $0.1 million and loss of $0.1 million related to intercompany loan hedges is included in Restructuring and other charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present our fair-value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair-value on a recurring basis in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(in Millions)September 30, 2023Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Investments in deferred compensation plan (1)
$4.1 $4.1 $— $— 
Derivatives – Foreign exchange 0.3 — 0.3 — 
Total Assets$4.4 $4.1 $0.3 $— 
Liabilities
Deferred compensation plan obligation (2)
$6.1 $6.1 $— $— 
Total Liabilities$6.1 $6.1 $— $— 
 
(in Millions)December 31, 2022Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Investments in deferred compensation plan (1)
$3.1 $3.1 $— — 
Total Assets$3.1 $3.1 $— $— 
Liabilities
Deferred compensation plan obligation (2)
$5.1 $5.1 $— $— 
Total Liabilities$5.1 $5.1 $— $— 
____________________
1.Balance is included in “Investments” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Livent NQSP investments in Livent common stock are recorded as "Treasury stock" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and carried at historical cost. Mark-to-market gains of $1.0 million and $0.2 million were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, related to the Livent common stock. The mark-to-market gains were recorded in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, with a corresponding offset to the deferred compensation plan obligation in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
2.Balance is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.


Note 13: Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
We are a party to various legal proceedings, certain of these matters are discussed below. Livent records liabilities for estimated losses from contingencies when information available indicates that a loss is probable and the amount of the loss, or range of loss, can be reasonably estimated. As additional information becomes available, management adjusts its assessments and estimates. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.
In addition to the legal proceedings noted below, we have certain contingent liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these contingencies are known but are so preliminary that the merits cannot be determined, or if more advanced, are not deemed material based on current knowledge; and some are unknown - for example, claims with respect to which we have no notice or claims which may arise in the future from products sold, guarantees or warranties made, or indemnities provided. Therefore, we are unable to develop a reasonable estimate of our potential exposure of loss for these
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
contingencies, either individually or in the aggregate, at this time. There can be no assurance that the outcome of these contingencies will be favorable, and adverse results in certain of these contingencies could have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations in any one reporting period, or liquidity.
Argentine Customs & Tax Authority Matters
Minera del Altiplano SA, our subsidiary in Argentina ("MdA"), has received notices from the Argentine Customs Authorities that they are conducting customs audits in Salta (for 2015 to 2019, 2021 and 2022), Rosario (for 2016 and 2017), Buenos Aires and Ezeiza (for 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022) regarding the export of lithium carbonate by MdA from each of those locations. See Note 14 for more information about the payment the Company made in June 2023 for export duties and interest claimed by the Customs Authorities of Buenos Aires, Ezeiza and Salta related to exports made between the years 2018 – 2022. MdA was also notified from the Argentine Tax Authority of the start of transfer pricing audits for the periods 2017 and 2018.
During a part of this period, MdA was a subsidiary of FMC. However, the Company agreed to bear any possible liability for these types of matters under the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement that it entered into with FMC in connection with the Separation. A range of reasonably possible liabilities, if any, cannot be currently estimated by the Company.
Leases
All of our leases are operating leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and land. Our leases have remaining lease terms of three to twenty-seven years. Quantitative disclosures about our leases are summarized in the table below.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in Millions, except for weighted-average amounts)2023202220232022
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost $0.4 $0.3 $1.0 $1.0 
Short-term lease cost
0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 
Total lease cost (1)
$0.5 $0.4 $1.3 $1.3 
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Cash paid for operating leases$0.4 $0.3 $1.1 $1.0 
__________________________
1.Lease expense is classified as "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of September 30, 2023, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 17.3 years and a weighted average discount rate of 6.5%.
The table below presents a maturity analysis of our operating lease liabilities for each of the next five years and a total of the amounts for the remaining years.
(in Millions)Undiscounted cash flows
Remainder of 2023$0.4 
20241.4 
20251.5 
20260.7 
20270.3 
Thereafter7.2 
Total future minimum lease payments11.5 
Less: Imputed interest(4.9)
Total$6.6 
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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)
Note 14: Supplemental Information
The following tables present details of prepaid and other current assets, other assets, accrued and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities as presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
(in Millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Prepaid and other current assets
Tax related items$25.4 $22.0 
Prepaid expenses6.7 11.6 
Argentina government receivable (1)
5.7 6.7 
Other receivables9.5 7.4 
Bank Acceptance Drafts (2)
— 6.9 
Derivative assets (Note 12)0.3 — 
Other current assets5.2 6.5 
Total$52.8 $61.1 

(in Millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Other assets
Argentina government receivable (1), (3)
$105.3 $80.3 
Advance to contract manufacturers (4)
26.3 17.2 
Long-term raw materials inventory1.3 1.6 
Tax related items4.0 3.7 
Capitalized software, net1.2 1.4 
Other assets17.8 12.2 
Total$155.9 $116.4 
_________________
1.We conduct business in Argentina. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $38.2 million and $40.0 million, respectively, of outstanding receivables due from the Argentina government, which primarily represent export tax and export rebate receivables, was denominated in U.S. dollars. A recent judicial decision relating to the U.S. dollar-denominated export tax receivable portion ($34.8 million) permits the Argentina government to reimburse us in Argentine pesos at the historical foreign exchange rate applicable at each past payment date, adjusted by a bank deposit interest rate. While Livent filed an appeal on November 6, 2023 and believes it has valid defenses on the technical merits, the ultimate resolution of this matter could result in a possible loss of up to $33.8 million. We continually review the recoverability of all outstanding receivables by analyzing historical experience, current collection trends and regional business and political factors among other factors.
2.Bank Acceptance Drafts are a common Chinese finance note used to settle trade transactions. Livent accepts these notes from Chinese customers based on criteria intended to ensure collectability and limit working capital usage.
3.In June 2023, the Company decided to pay $21.7 million for the export duties and interest claimed by the Customs Authorities of Buenos Aires, Ezeiza and Salta related to exports made between the years 2018 – 2022 registered in those locations. This payment stops the accrual of any further interest. It was a deposit made under protest, and was not an admission of any of the claims made by the Customs Authorities or a waiver of any of the Company's defenses, including recovery of the deposit plus interest. The cases remain in discussion. See Note 13 for more information.
4.We record deferred charges for certain contract manufacturing agreements which we amortize over the term of the underlying contract.

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LIVENT CORPORATION
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) — (Continued)


(in Millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Accrued and other current liabilities
Accrued payroll$25.8 $19.8 
Restructuring reserves2.2 3.1 
Retirement liability - 401k2.1 2.6 
Derivative liabilities (Note 12)— — 
Environmental reserves, current0.6 0.6 
Severance— 0.1 
Other accrued and other current liabilities (1)
24.3 11.2 
Total$55.0 $37.4 


(in Millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Other long-term liabilities
Deferred compensation plan obligation$6.1 $5.1 
Contingencies related to uncertain tax positions (2)
6.8 5.7 
Self-insurance reserves1.4 1.5 
Asset retirement obligations0.2 0.2 
Other long-term liabilities2.9 3.4 
Total$17.4 $15.9 
____________________
1.Amounts primarily include accrued capital expenditures related to our expansion projects.
2.As of September 30, 2023, we have recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions of $6.4 million and a $0.4 million indemnification liability where the offsetting uncertain tax position is with FMC, per the tax matters agreement.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Statement under the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: We and our representatives may from time to time make written or oral statements that are "forward-looking" and provide other than historical information, including statements contained in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in our other filings with the SEC, or in reports to our stockholders.
In some cases, we have identified forward-looking statements by such words or phrases as "will likely result," "is confident that," "expect," "expects," "should," "could," "may," "will continue to," "believe," "believes," "anticipates," "predicts," "forecasts," "estimates," "projects," "potential," "intends" or similar expressions identifying "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including the negative of those words and phrases. Such forward-looking statements are based on our current views and assumptions regarding future events, future business conditions and the outlook for the Company based on currently available information. These forward-looking statements may include projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth strategies, anticipated trends in our business, and the anticipated timing for, and outcome and effects of, the proposed Transaction with Allkem. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement.
Investors are cautioned to carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance, achievements, or timing for, or outcome and effects of, the proposed Transaction with Allkem. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. We wish to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We are under no duty to and specifically decline to undertake any obligation to publicly revise or update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform our prior statements to actual results, revised expectations or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and that have or could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We have described our accounting estimates in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The SEC has defined critical accounting estimates as those estimates made in accordance with U.S. GAAP that involve a significant level of measurement uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or operating performance of a company.
We have reviewed these accounting estimates, identifying those that we believe contain matters that are inherently uncertain, have significant levels of subjectivity and complex judgments and are critical to the preparation and understanding of our condensed consolidated financial statements. We have reviewed these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Critical accounting estimates are central to our presentation of results of operations and financial condition and require management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates on certain matters. We base our estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience, current conditions and other reasonable factors.
As a result of inflation, rising interest rates and various global conflicts, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The estimates used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition and the collectability of trade receivables, impairment and valuation of long-lived assets, and income taxes could be impacted. We have assessed the impact and are not aware of any specific events or circumstances that required an update to our estimates and assumptions or materially affected the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
OVERVIEW
We are a pure-play, fully integrated lithium company, with a long, proven history of producing performance lithium compounds. Our primary products, namely battery-grade lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, butyllithium and high purity lithium metal are critical inputs used in various performance applications. Our strategy is focused on supplying high
25



performance lithium compounds to the rapidly growing EV and broader energy storage battery markets, while continuing to maintain our position as a leading global producer of butyllithium and high purity lithium metal. With extensive global capabilities, approximately 80 years of continuous production experience, applications and technical expertise and deep customer relationships, we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on the accelerating trend of electrification.
We produce lithium compounds for use in applications that have specific and constantly changing performance requirements, including battery-grade lithium hydroxide for use in high performance lithium-ion batteries. We believe the demand for our compounds will continue to grow as the electrification of transportation accelerates, and as the use of high nickel content cathode materials increases in batteries. We also supply butyllithium, which is used in the production of polymers and pharmaceutical products, as well as a range of specialty lithium compounds including high purity lithium metal, which is used in the production of lightweight materials for aerospace applications and non-rechargeable batteries. It is in these applications that we have established a differentiated position in the market through our ability to consistently produce and deliver performance lithium compounds.
Third Quarter 2023 Highlights
The following are the more significant developments in our business during the three months ended September 30, 2023:
Revenue of $211.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $20.2 million, or approximately 9%, compared to $231.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to lower lithium carbonate pricing and lower butyllithium pricing and volumes, partially offset by an increase in lithium carbonate volumes and higher lithium hydroxide pricing.
Net income of $87.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to net income of $77.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was due to a $10 million gain from our sale of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds and lower income tax expense, partially offset by a decrease in gross margin of $2.9 million, higher Restructuring and other charges including those related to the Transaction of $13.6 million and $3.2 million higher Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate.
Adjusted EBITDA of $119.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $8.9 million, compared to $110.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to a favorable mix of raw materials costs of $18.8 million, increased lithium carbonate volumes of $10.3 million and lower selling, general and administrative expenses of $1.8 million, partially offset by lower pricing of $5.1 million and decreased butyllithium volumes of $16.9 million.
Proposed Transaction with Allkem Limited
On May 10, 2023, we entered into a Transaction Agreement (as subsequently amended on August 2, 2023, the “Transaction Agreement”) with Allkem Limited, an Australian public company limited by shares (“Allkem”), and Arcadium Lithium plc, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey (originally incorporated as Lightning-A Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey) (“NewCo”), which was subsequently joined by Lightning-A Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), providing for a combination of Livent and Allkem in a merger of equals, stock-for-stock transaction (the “Transaction”). According to the Transaction Agreement, each of Livent's stockholders will receive 2.406 shares of NewCo in exchange for each Livent share that they own. Upon completion of the Transaction, Allkem shareholders and Livent stockholders will hold approximately 56% and 44%, respectively, of NewCo’s shares, and both Livent and Allkem will be subsidiaries of NewCo. The Transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including, among others, approval by Allkem’s shareholders and our stockholders and receipt of required regulatory approvals. The Transaction Agreement contains certain termination rights for both Livent and Allkem, including if the Transaction is not completed on or before February 10, 2024, subject in certain circumstances to extension to May 10, 2024 upon notice by either party if necessary to secure certain regulatory approvals. The Transaction Agreement provides that, if the Transaction Agreement is terminated, a party will pay a $64.6 million termination fee to the other party in the case of certain events described in the Transaction Agreement, including if such party terminates the Transaction Agreement in connection with such party’s board of directors changing its recommendation that such party's shareholders vote in favor of the Transaction and if the other party terminates the Transaction Agreement due to such party’s board of directors changing such recommendation. The termination fee may also become payable by Livent or Allkem if the Transaction Agreement is terminated in certain circumstances and such party enters into an agreement for an alternative transaction within twelve months of such termination. We currently expect the Transaction to close by around the end of calendar year 2023. A registration statement on Form S-4 was filed with the SEC on July 21, 2023, as amended on September 27, 2023, and contains a preliminary proxy statement and prospectus in connection with the previously announced Transaction Agreement.
The foregoing summary of the Transaction Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms and conditions of the Transaction Agreement, a copy of which
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is attached as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023, and the Amendment to the Transaction Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 2, 2023.
See “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information about the Transaction.
Argentina Remeasurement Impacts
Our wholly owned subsidiaries in Argentina use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Argentina peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at each balance sheet date to the currency exchange rate then in effect, with currency remeasurement and other transaction gains and losses recognized in earnings. On August 14, 2023, Argentina's currency suffered a significant loss in value following the announcement of the results of Argentina's primary elections. This devaluation created an immediate loss of $9.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 in our condensed consolidate statements of operations associated with the impacts of the remeasurement on our local balance sheet at the date of the devaluation attributable to our Argentina operations.
Business Update
The global economy and business environment in the diverse group of markets we serve present us with various opportunities and challenges. The demand for lithium products remains strong, driven by the increased adoption of EVs and other energy storage applications, providing us with the opportunity to continue to develop high performance lithium compound products and maintain our position as a leading global producer of butyllithium and high purity lithium metal. We believe our business fundamentals are sound and we have positioned ourselves to manage the impact on our business of inflation, high energy costs and shortages, supply chain disruptions, various global conflicts, higher interest rates, the strength of the U.S. dollar, and the corresponding weakening of foreign currencies. Given our extensive global capabilities, vast experience in the markets we serve, and deep customer relationships, we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on new business opportunities and the accelerating trend of electrification.
We continue to optimize our production network to meet changes in customer demand. In order to timely manufacture and deliver products, we have at times used air freight to ship resources or finished goods. We continue to look at new raw material suppliers, warehousing and logistics providers to enhance our supply chain and the delivery experience for our customers. We continue to observe tightness in the local labor markets in almost all of the geographic locations where we operate (e.g., competition for workers, fewer applicants, and higher wages), local labor resource capability constraints and delays in procurement of longer lead time equipment. This may impact us and our expansion efforts, our customers and suppliers. We also remain subject to strict quality requirements from our customers.
We have had many years of reliable lithium production in Argentina. Nevertheless, our operations in Argentina are subject to their own unique challenges. Argentina continues to experience high inflation, a weakening currency, high natural gas, oil and power prices, and social and labor unrest. In addition, there is provincial and national political uncertainty for the national second round election that is scheduled for November 19, 2023. There is also financial uncertainty over the Argentina Government's ability to repay debt obligations that are maturing in the future. As a result of this mix of factors, there is increasing interest and focus from federal and provincial governments to obtain additional sources of funding, such as through customs and tax revenues and other concessions from private and/or foreign companies, including from the lithium industry. Further, a shortfall of foreign currency reserves has led to significant restrictions on foreign exchange transactions, which in turn has placed severe limits on imports, including certain materials for our operations and expansion project. Additionally, vendor concerns regarding high inflation and the inability to restock items has resulted in increased pricing uncertainty with respect to products and equipment. We have also experienced delays in the commissioning of our expansion project in Argentina. Resource availability, quality challenges, and long lead times for materials have impacted the expansion start-up date and will lead to lower than initially expected lithium carbonate production in 2023.
Customers in the EV manufacturing industry are transitioning their businesses for continued expected growth in electrification. In China, EV sales reached new records during the third quarter of 2023. Because subsidies were not lowered at year-end as in previous years, the difference in the strength of China’s EV demand during the second half of 2023 compared to the first half is likely to be less notable than in previous years. In China, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode-based batteries and plug-in electric hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) have increased their share in the chemistry and EV mix throughout 2023. In the U.S., EV sales growth has been strong despite the higher interest rate environment. However, under new rules promulgated under the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "IRA"), several automakers’ EV models will not qualify for full or partial consumer tax credits for this year. The potential impact of the recent United Auto Workers strike is yet to be significantly felt. Some automakers in Europe had to partially curtail EV assembly due to reduced demand during the third quarter of 2023. Globally, price reductions, particularly those of a few leading EV manufacturers, will likely continue to put commercial and financial pressures on several other automakers in the world's major EV markets. To support rising battery demand for EV and stationary
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storage applications, cell manufacturers, cathode producers and lithium chemicals producers are adding capacity in different geographies. The customer qualification and ramp-up of these cell, cathode, and lithium chemicals lines will in turn determine lithium consumption. All of these variables may continue to add volatility and uncertainty to the overall EV and battery supply chains that may adversely impact our business. This could cause delays in our customers' demand for our high-performance lithium compounds, further adversely impacting our business and growth plans. As prices of lithium chemicals declined inside and outside China during the third quarter of 2023, many producers and traders offloaded their inventory and drove prices below costs of numerous integrated and non-integrated converters in China.
The material matters that management is currently monitoring are: the health and safety of our employees; the proposed Transaction with Allkem; our global expansion efforts; the development of the Nemaska Lithium Project; political and economic instability in Argentina; the supply and demand balance of battery-grade and total lithium compounds in the global marketplace; volatile lithium market prices and the impact they may have on earnings; inflation, rising interest rates and fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates, and the negative impact they may have on our operations, customers and key end markets such as electric vehicles; the prospect of a recession in the U.S. and elsewhere, and its impact on EV sales; global supply chain and logistics issues, and our ability to deliver products and receive key inputs; the impact of the IRA on the Company and customer demand; global energy supply concerns and prices; the potential economic and geopolitical consequences of various global conflicts; the potential for a U.S. government shutdown beginning in November 2023; and the potential for cybersecurity breaches.
2023 Business Outlook
The Company expects total volumes sold in 2023 to be roughly flat versus 2022, due to commissioning related delays on lithium carbonate expansion start-up. This is not expected to impact 2024 volumes. Livent is still expecting higher year-over-year average realized pricing on a lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) basis versus 2022, resulting in higher profitability versus full year 2022. The Company also expects lower costs versus the prior year, primarily related to lower raw material and third party purchases.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(in Millions)(unaudited)
Revenue$211.4 $231.6 $700.7 $593.8 
Cost of sales94.9 112.2 274.8 312.0 
Gross margin116.5 119.4 425.9 281.8 
Selling, general and administrative expenses13.2 15.0 47.1 40.6 
Research and development expenses1.3 0.9 3.3 2.6 
Restructuring and other charges8.6 0.7 34.7 4.6 
Separation-related costs— 0.1 — 0.5 
Total costs and expenses118.0 128.9 359.9 360.3 
Income from operations before equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate, loss on debt extinguishment and other gain93.4 102.7 340.8 233.5 
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate6.7 3.5 22.0 8.4 
Loss on debt extinguishment— 0.1 — 0.1 
Other gain(10.0)— (21.4)(22.2)
Income from operations before income taxes96.7 99.1 340.2 247.2 
Income tax expense9.3 21.5 47.8 56.4 
Net income$87.4 $77.6 $292.4 $190.8 

In addition to net income, as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we evaluate operating performance using certain Non-GAAP measures such as EBITDA, which we define as net income plus interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization; and Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as EBITDA adjusted for Argentina remeasurement losses, Argentina interest income, restructuring and other charges, Separation-related costs, COVID-19 related costs and other losses/(gains). Management believes the use of these Non-GAAP measures allows management and investors to compare more easily the financial performance of its underlying business from period to period. The Non-GAAP information provided may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies because of differing methods used by other companies in calculating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. These measures should not be considered as a substitute for net income or other measures of performance or liquidity reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following table reconciles EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in Millions)2023202220232022
Net income$87.4 $77.6 $292.4 $190.8 
Add back:
Income tax expense9.3 21.5 47.8 56.4 
Depreciation and amortization7.7 6.6 21.5 19.4 
EBITDA (Non-GAAP) 104.4 105.7 361.7 266.6 
Add back:
Argentina remeasurement losses (a)
11.6 1.2 20.5 3.0 
Restructuring and other charges (b)
8.6 0.7 34.7 4.6 
Separation-related costs (c)
— 0.1 — 0.5 
COVID-19 related costs (d)
— 0.6 — 2.1 
Loss on debt extinguishment (e)
— 0.1 — 0.1 
Other loss (f)
5.1 2.4 16.1 5.9 
Subtract:
Blue Chip Swap gain (g)
(10.0)— (21.4)(22.2)
Argentina interest income (h)
— — — (1.5)
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) $119.7 $110.8 $411.6 $259.1 
___________________
a.Represents impact of currency fluctuations on tax assets and liabilities and on long-term monetary assets associated with our capital expansion as well as foreign currency devaluations. The remeasurement losses are included within "Cost of sales" in our condensed consolidated statements of operations but are excluded from our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA because of: i.) their nature as income
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tax related; ii.) their association with long-term capital projects which will not be operational until future periods; or iii.) the severity of the devaluations and their immediate impact on our operations in the country.
b.We continually perform strategic reviews and assess the return on our business. This sometimes results in management changes or in a plan to restructure the operations of our business. As part of these restructuring plans, demolition costs and write-downs of long-lived assets may occur. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes costs related to the Transaction of $13.6 million and $32.3 million, respectively, and the Bessemer City plant fire gain, net of insurance recoveries, of $5.0 million and zero million, respectively. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 includes costs related to the Transaction of $0.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively (see Note 7 for more information).
c.Represents legal and professional fees and other Separation-related activity.
d.Represents incremental costs associated with COVID-19 recorded in "Cost of sales" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, including but not limited to, incremental quarantine related absenteeism, incremental facility cleaning costs, COVID-19 testing, pandemic-related supplies and personal protective equipment for employees, among other costs; offset by economic relief provided by foreign governments.
e.Represents the partial write-off of deferred financing costs for amendments to the Revolving Credit Facility excluded from our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA because the loss is nonrecurring.
f.Represents our ownership interest (which is 50% and was 25% prior to June 6, 2022) in costs incurred for certain project-related costs to align Nemaska Lithium's reported results with Livent's capitalization policies and interest expense incurred by NLI, all included in Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company accounts for its equity method investment in Nemaska Lithium on a one quarter lag basis (see Note 6 for more information).
g.Represents the gain from the sale in Argentina pesos of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds due to the significant divergence of Argentina's Blue Chip Swap market exchange rate from the official rate.
h.Represents interest income received from the Argentina government for the period beginning when the recoverability of certain of our expansion-related VAT receivables were approved by the Argentina government and ending on the date when the reimbursements were paid by the Argentina government but is excluded from our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA because of its association with long-term capital projects which will not be operational until future periods.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 vs. 2022
Revenue    
Revenue of $211.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (the "2023 Quarter") decreased by approximately 9%, or $20.2 million, compared to $231.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 (the "2022 Quarter") due to lower lithium carbonate pricing and lower butyllithium pricing and volumes, partially offset by an increase in lithium carbonate volumes and higher lithium hydroxide pricing.
Gross margin
Gross margin of $116.5 million for the 2023 Quarter decreased by $2.9 million, or approximately 2%, versus $119.4 million for the 2022 Quarter. The decrease in gross margin was due to impacts of lower pricing of $5.1 million, lower volumes of butyllithium and Argentina currency devaluation of $15.3 million, partially offset by a favorable mix of raw materials costs of $18.8 million and an increase in lithium carbonate volumes.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $13.2 million for the 2023 Quarter decreased by $1.8 million, or approximately 12% versus $15.0 million for the 2022 Quarter. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a decrease in employee compensation costs in the 2023 Quarter.
Restructuring and other charges
Restructuring and other charges of $8.6 million for the 2023 Quarter increased by $7.9 million versus $0.7 million for the 2022 Quarter. Restructuring and other charges for the 2023 Quarter primarily consisted of $13.6 million of costs related to the Transaction partially offset by $5.0 million for a gain, net insurance recoveries, from the Bessemer City fire. 2022 Quarter Restructuring and other charges consisted primarily of costs related to the Transaction and costs related to management changes at certain administrative facilities (see Note 7 for details).
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate of $6.7 million and $3.5 million for the 2023 Quarter and 2022 Quarter, respectively, arises out of our ownership interest in the Nemaska Lithium Project (which is 50% and was 25% prior to June 6, 2022). The increase of $3.2 million represents project-related costs incurred by our unconsolidated affiliate as the Nemaska Lithium Project continues detailed engineering work (see Note 6 for details).
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Income tax expense
The decrease in income tax expense to $9.3 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 9.6% for the 2023 Quarter compared to the income tax expense of $21.5 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 21.7% for the 2022 Quarter, was primarily due to the significant fluctuations in foreign currency impacts in Argentina of ($11.5) million and $3.2 million for the 2023 Quarter and 2022 Quarter, respectively.
Net income
Net income of $87.4 million for the 2023 Quarter increased $9.8 million, or approximately 13%, versus $77.6 million for the 2022 Quarter. The increase was due to a $10 million gain from our sale of Argentina Sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated bonds (see Note 2 for more information) and lower income tax expense, partially offset by a decrease in gross margin of $2.9 million, higher Restructuring and other charges including those related to the Transaction of $13.6 million and $3.2 million higher Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 vs. 2022
Revenue    
Revenue of $700.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (the "2023 YTD") increased by approximately 18%, or $106.9 million, compared to $593.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (the "2022 YTD") primarily due to higher pricing across all products except for lithium carbonate of $149.9 million, partially offset by lower volumes across all products except lithium hydroxide of $39.2 million.
Gross margin
Gross margin of $425.9 million for the 2023 YTD increased by $144.1 million, or approximately 51%, versus $281.8 million for the 2022 YTD. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to higher pricing across all products except for lithium carbonate of $149.9 million and favorable mix of raw materials of $41.5 million, partially offset by lower volumes across all products except lithium hydroxide of $28.4 million and Argentina currency devaluation of $21.4 million.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $47.1 million for the 2023 YTD increased by $6.5 million, or approximately 16.0% versus $40.6 million for the 2022 YTD. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase in professional fees and employee compensation.
Restructuring and other charges
Restructuring and other charges of $34.7 million for the 2023 YTD increased by $30.1 million versus $4.6 million for the 2022 YTD. Restructuring and other charges for the 2023 YTD primarily consisted of $32.3 million of costs related to the Transaction, and $2.4 million severance related charges. 2022 YTD Restructuring and other charges consisted primarily of costs related to the Transaction and miscellaneous nonrecurring transactions (see Note 7 for details).
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate of $22.0 million and $8.4 million for the 2023 YTD and 2022 YTD, respectively, arises out of our ownership interest in the Nemaska Lithium Project (which is 50% and was 25% prior to June 6, 2022). The increase of $13.6 million represents project-related costs incurred by our unconsolidated affiliate as the Nemaska Lithium Project continues detailed engineering work (see Note 6 for details).
Income tax expense
The decrease in income tax expense to $47.8 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 14.1% for the 2023 YTD compared to the income tax expense of $56.4 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 22.8% for the 2022 YTD, was primarily due to the significant fluctuations in foreign currency impacts in Argentina of ($12.0) million and $11.4 million for the 2023 YTD and 2022 YTD, respectively. This decrease in income tax expense was partially offset by an increase in income from operations.
Net income
Net income of $292.4 million for the 2023 YTD increased $101.6 million, or approximately 53.2%, versus $190.8 million for the 2022 YTD. The increase was primarily higher gross margin of $144.1 million and lower income tax expense, partially offset by higher Restructuring and other charges of $34.5 million driven primarily by costs related to the Transaction and $13.6 million higher Equity in net loss of unconsolidated affiliate.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our prospective success in funding our cash needs will depend on the strength of the lithium market and our continued ability to generate cash from operations and raise capital from other sources. Our primary sources of cash are currently generated from operations and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility.
Cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were $112.6 million and $189.0 million, respectively. Of the cash and cash equivalents balance as of September 30, 2023, $35.3 million were held by our foreign subsidiaries. The cash held by foreign subsidiaries for permanent reinvestment is generally used to finance the subsidiaries’ operating activities and future foreign investments. We have not provided additional income taxes for any additional outside basis differences inherent in our investments in subsidiaries because the investments are essentially permanent in duration or we have concluded that no additional tax liability will arise upon disposal. See Note 11, Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
Statement of Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities was $261.8 million and $328.2 million for the 2023 YTD and 2022 YTD, respectively.
The decrease in cash provided by operating activities for the 2023 YTD as compared to the cash provided by operating activities for the 2022 YTD was primarily driven by an increase in net income for the 2023 YTD, offset by an increase in inventories and decrease in accounts payable for the 2023 YTD and a $198 million customer advance payment received for a long-term supply agreement in the third quarter of 2022 YTD.
Cash used in investing activities was $315.5 million and $225.7 million for the 2023 YTD and 2022 YTD, respectively.
The increase in cash used in investing activities for the 2023 YTD compared to the 2022 YTD is primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures due to increased spend on expansion projects and a $85.4 million investment in our unconsolidated affiliate, Nemaska Lithium in the 2023 YTD compared to$17.7 million for 2022 YTD.
Cash used in financing activities was $21.5 million and $1.0 million for the 2023 YTD and 2022 YTD, respectively.
Represents the net impact of a $21.7 million payment of deposit to Argentina Customs Authorities in 2023 YTD, financing fees paid for amendments to our Revolving Credit Facility and purchases of treasury stock under the Livent NQSP, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the Company's incentive plans.
Other potential liquidity needs
We plan to meet our liquidity needs through available cash, cash generated from operations, borrowings under the committed Revolving Credit Facility, and other potential working capital financing strategies that may be available to us. As of September 30, 2023, our remaining borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, subject to meeting our debt covenants, is $479.2 million, including letters of credit utilization.
Our net leverage ratio is determined, in large part, by our ability to manage the timing and amount of our capital expenditures, which is within our control. It is also determined by our ability to achieve forecasted operating results and to pursue other working capital financing strategies that may be available to us, which is less certain and outside our control. The Company estimates 2023 total capital spending to be in the range of $325 million to $375 million.
There continue to be challenges relating to expansion projects, including design modifications and labor and material shortages. This has the potential to increase costs and extend delivery times versus expectations, impacting both Argentina and Canada.
We will look to various sources of financing for development of the Nemaska Lithium Project, in which we have a 50% economic interest, including, but not limited to third-party debt financing, government funding, financing or prepayments from future customers and contribution from existing shareholders.
We expect increasing energy costs and shortages, inflation, rising interest rates, currency fluctuations and various global conflicts to continue in 2023. The Company remains focused on maintaining its financial flexibility and will continue to manage its cash flow and capital allocation decisions to navigate through this challenging environment.
We believe that our available cash and cash from operations, together with our borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and other potential financing strategies that may be available to us, will provide adequate liquidity for the next 12 months. Access to capital and the availability of financing on acceptable terms in the future will be affected by many factors, including our credit rating, economic conditions and the overall liquidity of capital markets and cannot be guaranteed.
Commitments and Contingencies
See Note 13 to these condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
Information related to our contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022 can be found in a table included within Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations within our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to our contractual commitments during the period ended September 30, 2023.
Climate Change
A detailed discussion related to climate change can be found in Part II, Item 7 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND MARKET RISKS
Our earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Our policy is to minimize exposure to our cash flow over time caused by changes in interest and currency exchange rates. To accomplish this, we have implemented a controlled program of risk management consisting of appropriate derivative contracts entered into with major financial institutions.
The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market rates and prices. The range of changes chosen reflects our view of changes that are reasonably possible over a one-year period. Market value estimates are based on the present value of projected future cash flows considering the market rates and prices chosen.
As of September 30, 2023, our net derivative financial instrument position was a net asset of $0.3 million. In the second quarter of 2023, we placed foreign currency hedges for 2023 projected exposure.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Our worldwide operations expose us to currency risk from sales, purchases, expenses and intercompany loans denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our functional currency. The primary currencies for which we have exchange rate exposure are the Euro, the British pound, the Chinese yuan, the Argentine peso, and the Japanese yen. Foreign currency debt and foreign exchange forward contracts are used in countries where we do business, thereby reducing our net asset exposure. Foreign exchange forward contracts are also used to hedge firm and highly anticipated foreign currency cash flows. We currently do not hedge foreign currency risks associated with the Argentine peso due to the limited availability and the high cost of suitable derivative instruments.
To analyze the effects of changing foreign currency rates, we have performed a sensitivity analysis in which we assume an instantaneous 10% change in the foreign currency exchange rates from their levels as of September 30, 2023 with all other variables (including interest rates) held constant.
Hedged Currency vs. Functional Currency
(in Millions)Net asset position on condensed consolidated balance sheetsNet liability position with 10% strengtheningNet asset position with 10% weakening
Net asset/(liability) position as of September 30, 2023
$0.3 $(1.1)$1.4 
Interest Rate Risk
One of the strategies that we can use to manage interest rate exposure is to enter into interest rate swap agreements. In these agreements, we agree to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated on an agreed-upon notional principal amount. As of September 30, 2023, we had no interest rate swap agreements.
Our debt portfolio as of September 30, 2023 is composed of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, consisting of borrowings under our 2025 Notes and Revolving Credit Facility. Changes in interest rates affect different portions of our variable-rate debt portfolio in different ways. As of September 30, 2023, we had no outstanding balances under the Revolving Credit Facility.

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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information required by this item is provided in "Derivative Financial Instruments and Market Risks," under Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based on management’s evaluation (with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer), the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Change in Internal Controls. There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in legal proceedings from time to time in the ordinary course of our business, including with respect to workers’ compensation matters. Based on information currently available and established reserves, we have no reason to believe that the ultimate resolution of any known legal proceeding will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations. However, there can be no assurance that the outcome of any such legal proceeding will be favorable, and adverse results in certain of these legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations in any one reporting period, or liquidity. Except as set forth in Note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent applicable, there are no material changes from the legal proceedings previously disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is available at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.livent.com. Other than the risk factors set forth below, we do not believe that there have been material changes in the risk factors set forth in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Risks Relating to the Proposed Transaction with Allkem Limited:
The completion of the Transaction contemplated by the Transaction Agreement is subject to a number of conditions and the Transaction Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms. As a result, the timing surrounding the closing of the Transaction is uncertain and there is a risk that the Transaction may not be completed.
The completion of the Transaction is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of a number of conditions as set forth in the Transaction Agreement, including, among others: Australian court approval of the scheme of arrangement (the “scheme”) pursuant to the Australian Corporations Act; the approval of the scheme by Allkem’s shareholders; the approval of the Transaction by our stockholders; the NYSE having approved the listing of the NewCo shares to be issued in the Transaction; the Australian Stock Exchange (“ASX”) having provided approval for the admission of NewCo as a foreign exempt listing to the official list of the ASX; all applicable governmental consents under specified antitrust and investment screening laws having been obtained and remaining in full force and effect and all applicable waiting periods having expired, lapsed or been terminated (as applicable); NewCo’s registration statement on Form S-4 in connection with the Transaction having become effective; no governmental entity of a competent jurisdiction having issued any order that is in effect and restrains, enjoins or otherwise prohibits the consummation of the Transaction and no governmental entity having jurisdiction over any party having adopted any law that is in effect and makes consummation of the Transaction illegal or otherwise prohibited; the representations and warranties of each of Livent and Allkem being true and correct to the extent required by, and subject to the applicable materiality standards set forth in, the Transaction Agreement; each of Livent, Allkem and the other parties to the Transaction Agreement having in all material respects performed the obligations and complied with the covenants required to be performed or complied with by it under the Transaction Agreement; there having been no material adverse effect (as defined in the Transaction Agreement) with respect to Livent or Allkem; the independent expert in connection with the scheme having issued (and not withdrawn, changed or qualified) its report, which concludes that the scheme is in the best interest of Allkem shareholders; Livent having received an opinion from tax counsel to the effect that the Transaction should be tax-free to certain Livent stockholders; and certain determinations by the Australian Tax Office regarding the availability of certain relief to qualifying Australian resident Allkem shareholders. The timing surrounding whether these conditions will be satisfied or waived, if at all, is uncertain. Additionally, other events could intervene to delay or result in the failure to close the Transaction.
If the scheme effectiveness has not occurred by February 10, 2024 (subject to extension by either party until May 10, 2024 in order to obtain antitrust or investment screening law or other regulatory approvals), either we or Allkem may choose to terminate the Transaction Agreement. However, this right to terminate the Transaction Agreement will not be available to us or Allkem if such party has materially breached the Transaction Agreement and the breach is the principal cause of the failure of the scheme effectiveness to have occurred prior to such date. We or Allkem may elect to terminate the Transaction Agreement in certain other circumstances, including if the Allkem shareholders or our stockholders fail to approve the Transaction at their respective shareholder meetings, and we and Allkem can mutually decide to terminate the Transaction Agreement at any time prior to the effective time, before or after the required approval by the Allkem shareholders or our stockholders.
The completion of the Transaction is subject to risks and uncertainties surrounding conditions that may be imposed by regulatory or governmental entities which may reduce the anticipated benefits of the Transaction or could prevent the closing of the Transaction entirely.
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Regulatory and governmental entities may impose conditions on the granting of consents required in connection with the Transaction. The conditions imposed by regulatory and governmental entities on the granting of consents, orders and approvals may require divestitures of certain divisions, operations or assets of Livent or Allkem and may impose costs, limitations or other restrictions on the conduct of the business of NewCo, Livent or Allkem. Under the Transaction Agreement, each of Livent and Allkem has agreed to cooperate with each other and use their respective reasonable best efforts to take all actions and do all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate the Transaction as promptly as reasonably practicable, including to obtain as promptly as reasonably practicable all consents, registrations, approvals, permits, expirations or terminations of waiting periods and authorizations necessary or advisable to be obtained from any governmental entity and any third party in order to consummate the Transaction. However, neither we nor Allkem will be required to take actions that would reasonably be expected to have a material and adverse impact on such party and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or the benefits or synergies such party expects to realize from the Transaction. We and Allkem will not be required to propose, commit to or effect any divestitures or other restrictions or actions with respect to our respective business or operations unless the effectiveness of such agreement or action is conditioned upon the closing of the Transaction, and neither we nor Allkem may propose, commit to or effect any such divestitures or other restrictions or actions without the prior written consent of Livent or Allkem (as applicable) in such party’s sole discretion.
Though the parties have successfully obtained certain consents, including antitrust clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, compliance with any conditions imposed by other regulatory and governmental entities may reduce the anticipated benefits of the Transaction, which could also have an adverse effect on NewCo’s business, cash flows and results of operations, and neither we nor Allkem can predict what, if any, changes may be required by regulatory or governmental authorities whose consents, orders or approvals are required.
The termination of the Transaction Agreement could negatively impact us and, in certain circumstances, could require us to pay a termination fee to Allkem.
If the Transaction Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms and the Transaction is not completed, our ongoing business may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including the failure to pursue other beneficial opportunities during the pendency of the Transaction, the failure to obtain the anticipated benefits of completing the Transaction, the payment of certain costs relating to the Transaction and the focus of our management on the Transaction for an extended period of time rather than on ongoing business matters or other opportunities or issues. Our stock price may fall as a result of any such termination, to the extent that the current price of our shares reflects a market assumption that the Transaction will be completed (although this is difficult to predict with any certainty). In addition, the failure to complete the Transaction may result in negative publicity or a negative impression of Livent in the investment community and may affect our relationship with employees, customers, suppliers, vendors and other partners.
We may be required to pay Allkem a termination fee equal to $64.6 million if the Transaction Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances specified in the Transaction Agreement relating to, among other things, if our Board of Directors changes its recommendation that Livent stockholders vote in favor of the Transaction or if there is an intentional and material breach of certain provisions of the Transaction Agreement by us. Further, we will also be required to pay Allkem the $64.6 million termination fee if the Transaction Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances specified in the Transaction Agreement after we receive a competing transaction proposal, and, within 12 months after the date of termination, we enter into a definitive agreement with respect to, or consummate, a change of control transaction with any party. If the Transaction Agreement is terminated and we determine to seek another business combination or strategic opportunity, we may not be able to negotiate a transaction with another party on terms comparable to, or better than, the terms of the Transaction.
The pendency of the Transaction could adversely affect our and Allkem’s respective businesses, results of operations, and financial condition.
The pendency of the Transaction could cause disruptions in and create uncertainty surrounding our and Allkem’s respective businesses, including by affecting our and Allkem’s relationships with our and their respective existing and future customers, suppliers, vendors, partners, and employees, and our and Allkem’s respective standing with local communities, regulators, and other government officials. This could have an adverse effect on our and Allkem’s respective businesses, results of operations and financial condition, as well as the market prices of our shares and Allkem’s shares, regardless of whether the Transaction is completed. In particular, we and Allkem could potentially lose important personnel who decide to pursue other opportunities as a result of the Transaction. Any adverse effect could be exacerbated by a prolonged delay in completing the Transaction. We and Allkem could also potentially lose customers, suppliers or vendors, existing customers, suppliers or vendors may seek to change their existing business relationships or renegotiate their contracts with us or Allkem or defer decisions concerning us or Allkem and potential customers, suppliers, or vendors could defer entering into contracts with us or Allkem, each as a result of uncertainty relating to the Transaction. In addition, in an effort to complete the Transaction, we and Allkem have expended, and will continue to expend, significant management resources on matters relating to the Transaction, which are being diverted from our and Allkem’s day-to-day operations, and significant demands are being, and will continue to be, placed on the managerial, operational and financial personnel and systems of Livent and Allkem in connection with efforts to complete the Transaction.
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While the Transaction Agreement is in effect, Livent and Allkem are subject to restrictions on their conduct and business activities, which could adversely affect both companies’ businesses, financial results, financial condition or share prices.
Under the Transaction Agreement, each of Livent and Allkem is subject to a range of restrictions on the conduct of its respective business and generally must operate its business in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice prior to completing the Transaction. These restrictions may constrain our and Allkem’s ability to pursue certain business strategies. The restrictions may also prevent us and Allkem from pursuing otherwise attractive business opportunities, making acquisitions and investments or making other changes to our and its respective businesses prior to the completion of the Transaction or the termination of the Transaction Agreement. Any such lost opportunities may reduce either or both companies’ competitiveness or efficiency and could lead to an adverse effect on their respective business, financial results, financial condition or share prices.
The Transaction Agreement contains restrictions on our ability to pursue alternatives to the Transaction, which may limit the value that our stockholders could receive from a transaction.
The Transaction Agreement generally prohibits us, subject to certain exceptions, from initiating, soliciting, knowingly encouraging or otherwise knowingly facilitating any inquiries or the making of any proposal or offer that constitute or would reasonably be expected to lead to any competing transaction proposal. Further, subject to limited exceptions and consistent with applicable law, the Transaction Agreement prohibits our Board of Directors from changing, withholding, withdrawing, qualifying or modifying, in a manner adverse to Allkem, its recommendation that our stockholders approve the Transaction and, in specified circumstances, Allkem has a right to negotiate with us in order to match any competing transaction proposal that may be made. Although our Board of Directors is permitted to take certain actions in response to a superior transaction proposal or a competing transaction proposal that would reasonably be expected to result in a superior transaction proposal if it determines that the failure to do so would likely breach its statutory or fiduciary duties under applicable law, in specified situations, we may still be required to pay to Allkem a termination fee of $64.6 million. These provisions may limit our ability to pursue offers from third parties that could result in greater value to our stockholders than they would receive in the Transaction. The $64.6 million termination fee may also discourage third parties from pursuing an acquisition proposal with respect to Livent.
NewCo, Livent and Allkem may be targets of shareholder class actions or derivative actions, which could result in substantial costs and may delay or prevent the Transaction from being completed.
Shareholder class action lawsuits or derivative lawsuits are often brought against companies that have entered into transaction agreements. Such litigation can be costly and time consuming and can create uncertainty. Even if the lawsuits are without merit, defending against these claims can result in substantial costs and divert management time and resources. Additionally, if a plaintiff is successful in obtaining an injunction prohibiting consummation of the Transaction, then that injunction may delay or prevent the Transaction from being completed.
One of the conditions to consummating the Transaction is that no governmental entity has enacted any law or issued any order restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of the Transaction. Consequently, if a party secures injunctive or other relief prohibiting, delaying or otherwise adversely affecting Livent’s, Allkem’s or NewCo’s ability to complete the Transaction on the terms contemplated by the Transaction Agreement, then such law or injunctive or other relief may prevent consummation of the Transaction in a timely manner or at all. These lawsuits also have the potential to negatively impact NewCo, Livent or Allkem’s reputation.
Operational Risks:
Our business and operations could suffer in the event of cybersecurity breaches or disruptions to our information technology systems, as well as those of third parties throughout our global supply chain.
As with all enterprise information systems, our information technology systems, as well as those of various third parties on which we rely now or in the future, including our vendors, contractors, consultants and other partners (collectively, "Business Partners"), could be penetrated by outside parties intent on extracting information, corrupting information, or disrupting business processes, and may sustain damage from or otherwise be subject to computer viruses, unauthorized access, data breaches, phishing attacks, cybercriminals, natural disasters (including hurricanes and earthquakes), terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Such information technology systems are additionally vulnerable to security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, Business Partners, and/or other third parties. Any of the foregoing may compromise our system infrastructure, or that of our Business Partners, or lead to data leakage. Such systems, which contain critical information about our business (including trade secrets, digital supply chain information and confidential information of our customers, Business Partners and employees), have in the past been, and likely will in the future be, subject to unauthorized access attempts. Unauthorized access could disrupt our business operations and could result in failures or interruptions in such computer systems and in the loss of assets (including our trade secrets and confidential business information), which could harm our competitive position, reduce the value of our investment in research and development and
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other strategic initiatives or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, breaches of our security measures or the security measures of our Business Partners or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure, or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential information about the Company, our employees, Business Partners or customers, could result in litigation, violations of various data privacy regulations in some jurisdictions, and also potentially result in liability to us. This could damage our reputation, or otherwise harm our business, financial condition, or results of operations, and the devotion of additional resources to the security of such information technology systems in the future could significantly increase the cost of doing business.
We rely on our Business Partners to implement effective security measures and identify and correct for any such failures, deficiencies or breaches. If the information technology systems of our Business Partners become subject to disruptions or security breaches, we may have insufficient recourse against such third parties and we may have to expend significant resources to mitigate the impact of such incidents and to develop and implement protections to prevent future events of this nature from occurring. Additionally, if our Business Partners fail to maintain or protect their information technology systems and data integrity effectively or fail to anticipate, plan for or manage significant disruptions to their information technology systems, we or our Business Partners could have difficulty preventing, detecting and controlling such cyber breaches, and any such breaches could result in losses described above as well as disputes with our partners, regulatory sanctions or penalties, increases in operating expenses, expenses or lost revenues or other adverse consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Forward-Looking Information
We wish to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements contained herein, which speak only as of the date made. We specifically decline to undertake any obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements that have been made to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Repurchases of Common Shares
A summary of our repurchases of Livent's common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)
Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
July 1 through July 31, 2023244.7 $26.53 $— $— 
August 1 through August 31, 2023297.3 $21.75 — — 
September 1 through September 30, 20231,168.4 $18.76 — — 
Total Q3 2023
1,710.4 $20.39 $— $— 

1.The trustee of the Livent NQSP reacquires shares of Livent common stock from time to time through open-market purchases relating to investments by employees in our common stock, one of the investment options available under the Livent NQSP. Such shares are held in a trust fund and recorded to Treasury stock in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
2.We have no publicly announced stock repurchase programs.
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ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION
10b-5(1) Trading Plan
Gilberto Antoniazzi, the Company’s Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, adopted a trading plan that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) and complies with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 (the “Sales Plan”) to sell an aggregate of 20,343 shares upon the exercise of stock options held by Mr. Antoniazzi under the Company’s stock compensation plans. The Sales Plan was adopted on August 16, 2023, with sales commencing under the Sales Plan on November 15, 2023. The Sales Plan terminates on the earliest to occur of (a) the close of business on December 29, 2023; (b) execution of all trades or expiration of all of the orders relating to such trades as specified in the Sales Plan; (c) the date that the broker receives notice of liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency, or death of Mr. Antoniazzi; (d) when the broker receives notice from Mr. Antoniazzi of his termination of the Sales Plan; (e) when the broker determines, in its sole discretion, that the Sales Plan has been terminated, including, without limitation, where the broker determines there has been a modification or change to the Sales Plan that constitutes the termination of the Sales Plan; (f) the date the broker notifies Mr. Antoniazzi of the broker’s termination of the Sales Plan due to Mr. Antoniazzi’s breach of any of the terms of the Sales Plan or in the event that Mr. Antoniazzi trades shares outside of the Sales Plan; or (g) where the broker exercises any other termination right it may have under this Sales Plan.
Other than as noted above, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933).    


ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
2.1*^
2.2
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101Interactive Data File
104
The cover page from Livent Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL.

*    Incorporated by reference.
^    Certain schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K but will be furnished supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
LIVENT CORPORATION
(Registrant)
By:/s/ GILBERTO ANTONIAZZI
Gilberto Antoniazzi,
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
(signing on behalf of the registrant and as principal financial officer)
Date: November 9, 2023
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Exhibit 2.2 1 SECOND AMENDMENT TO TRANSACTION AGREEMENT This SECOND AMENDMENT TO TRANSACTION AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”), dated as of November 5, 2023, is by and between Livent Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Livent”), and Allkem Limited, an Australian public company limited by shares (“Allkem”). Each of Livent and Allkem are referred to as a “Party,” and collectively, as the “Parties.” WHEREAS, the Parties are parties to that certain Transaction Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2023 (the “Original Execution Date”), by and among Livent, Allkem, Arcadium Lithium plc (f/k/a Allkem Livent plc, f/k/a Lighting-A Limited), a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey, and subsequently joined by Lightning-A Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as amended pursuant to that certain Amendment to Transaction Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2023, by and between Livent and Allkem (as amended, the “Agreement”); WHEREAS, this Amendment is being entered into and delivered pursuant to Section 9.1(a) of the Agreement, which provides that the Agreement may only be amended, modified or supplemented in writing signed on behalf of each of Allkem and Livent; and WHEREAS, the Parties desire to amend certain terms of the Agreement to the extent provided herein. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows: Section 1. Defined Terms. Each capitalized term used herein but not defined herein has the meaning assigned to such term in the Agreement. Section 2. Amendment to Certain Sections of the Agreement. Section 1.5(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated as follows: (a) Anaconda must ensure that the following actions are taken by the Anaconda Board of Directors in relation to the performance right awards of Anaconda Shares outstanding as of the time at which the Anaconda Shareholder Approval and the Lion Stockholder Approval have both been obtained (“Outstanding Performance Rights”): (i) by no later than the Scheme Effective Date, each holder of Outstanding Performance Rights that are outstanding and unvested as of such time as both the Anaconda Shareholder Approval and the Lion Stockholder Approval have been obtained (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Outstanding Performance Rights granted in accordance with Section 5.2(b)(iii) in respect of Anaconda’s fiscal year 2024) (the “Unvested Performance Rights”) will have their Unvested Performance Rights vest in the proportion determined by the Anaconda Board (with any performance conditions deemed to have been met); and the remaining unvested 4879-5922-5738


 
2 portion of such Unvested Performance Rights must immediately lapse and be of no further effect, provided that: (A) no less than 60% and no more than 70% of the aggregate number of Unvested Performance Rights that are held by employees whose role is not being made redundant in connection with the Transactions will vest by no later than the Scheme Effective Date; (B) up to 100% of the aggregate number of Unvested Performance Rights that are held by employees whose role will be made redundant in connection with the Transactions will vest by no later than the Scheme Effective Date, provided that a list of such employees (and a schedule of the Unvested Performance Rights held by such employees) shall be provided by Anaconda to Lion at least five days prior to the date of the Anaconda Shareholder meeting at which the Anaconda Shareholder Approval will be sought; and (C) prior to the Scheme Record Date, Anaconda will issue Anaconda Shares due to each holder of an Anaconda Performance Right that has vested (in whole or in part) in accordance with this Section 1.5(a)(i) as the case may be; and (ii) prior to the date of the Scheme Meeting, Anaconda shall take all actions necessary or appropriate to effectuate the treatment of Outstanding Performance Rights contemplated by this Section 1.5, including: (A) obtaining any necessary consents or approvals; (B) providing any necessary notices or communications to holders or other Persons; and (C) adopting any necessary or appropriate resolutions of the Anaconda Board of Directors (or any applicable committee thereof). Section 3. Amendment to Exhibits. Exhibit C (Form of Deed Poll) to the Agreement is hereby amended and replaced in its entirety with the content of Exhibit C-1 hereto. Exhibit D (Form of Scheme of Arrangement) to the Agreement is hereby amended and replaced in its entirety with the content of Exhibit D-1 hereto. Section 4. Acknowledgement of Timing for Delisting from TSX. The Parties acknowledge and agree that, for the purposes of the satisfaction of the obligations set forth in Section 6.9(a)(iii)(B) of the Agreement, Allkem may apply to TSX to delist Allkem from TSX with effect on and from the close of trading on TSX on the trading day immediately following the Scheme Implementation Date, provided Allkem also applies to TSX to halt trading of Anaconda Shares from 4:00pm (Toronto time) on the Scheme Effective Date until such time as delisting from TSX has occurred.


 
3 Section 5. Conforming Section References; Acknowledgement with respect to Article IX. All references and cross-references in the Agreement shall be deemed revised as necessary to be consistent with the revisions to the Agreement set forth in this Amendment. The Parties acknowledge that due to a formatting error in the Agreement, some of the Section references in Article IX of the Agreement do not align with the corresponding Section references in the Table of Contents of the Agreement. The Parties agree that the Table of Contents of the Agreement accurately reflects the Section references in Article IX of the Agreement and that the reference to Sections in Article IX of the Agreement in this Amendment are based on the Section references as indicated by the Table of Contents of the Agreement. Section 6. Effect of Amendment. From and after the date hereof, each reference in the Agreement to “this Agreement,” “hereof,” “hereunder” or words of like import referring to the Agreement (or any schedule thereof) shall be deemed a reference to the Agreement (and such schedule) as amended hereby. The Parties agree that all references in the Agreement to “the date hereof” or “the date of this Agreement” shall refer to the Original Execution Date. Except as and to the extent expressly modified by this Amendment, the Agreement is not otherwise being amended, modified or supplemented. The Agreement shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with its terms. Section 7. Other Provisions. This Amendment hereby incorporates the provisions of Sections 9.1 (Amendment and Modification; Waiver), 9.8 (Interpretation), 9.9 (Counterparts), 9.10 (Entire Agreement; Third-Party Beneficiaries), 9.11 (Severability), 9.12 (Governing Law; Jurisdiction), 9.13 (Waiver of Jury Trial), 9.14 (Assignment) and 9.15 (Enforcement; Remedies; Limitation of Liability; Subsidiaries) of the Agreement as if fully set forth herein, mutatis mutandis. [Signature Page Follows]


 
[Signature Page to Second Amendment to Transaction Agreement] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written. LIVENT CORPORATION By: /s/ Paul Graves Name: Paul Graves Title: President and Chief Executive Officer ALLKEM LIMITED By: /s/ Martin Perez de Solay Name: Martin Perez de Solay Title: Managing Director and CEO :


 
Exhibit C-1 [Form of Deed Poll]


 
Deed Poll THIS DEED POLL is made on 2023 BY: Arcadium Lithium plc, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey, whose principal executive office is at Suite 12, Gateway Hub, Shannon Airport House, Shannon, Co. Clare V14 E370 Ireland. (Arcadium Lithium). IN FAVOUR AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF: Eligible Shareholders. Ineligible Overseas Shareholders. BACKGROUND (A) On or about 10 May 2023, Allkem, Livent and Arcadium Lithium entered into a transaction agreement with respect to (among other things) the Scheme and associated matters (Transaction Agreement). (B) Under the Transaction Agreement: (1) Allkem has agreed to propose the Scheme, pursuant to which (among other things): (i) Arcadium Lithium will provide to each Eligible Shareholder the Scheme Consideration in respect of each of their Scheme Shares; and (ii) the Eligible Shareholders will transfer to Arcadium Lithium, and Arcadium Lithium will acquire, all of the Scheme Shares; and (2) Arcadium Lithium has agreed to (among other things) enter into this Deed Poll. (C) Arcadium Lithium is executing this Deed Poll to covenant in favour of the Eligible Shareholders and the Ineligible Overseas Shareholders to perform its obligations under the Scheme. ARCADIUM LITHIUM DECLARES AS FOLLOWS 1 INTERPRETATION 1.1 Definitions Insolvency Event means, in respect of a person: (a) an administrator being appointed to the person; (b) any of the following occurring: (i) a controller or analogous person being appointed to the person or any of the person’s property; (ii) an application being made to a court for an order to appoint a controller, provisional liquidator, trustee for creditors or in bankruptcy or analogous person to the person or any of the person’s property, other than where the application is stayed, withdrawn, dismissed or set aside within 14 days; or (iii) an appointment of the kind referred to in subparagraph (ii) being made (whether or not following a resolution or application);


 
(c) the person being taken under section 459F(1) of the Corporations Act to have failed to comply with a statutory demand; (d) an application being made to a court for an order for its winding up which is not set aside within 14 days; (e) an order being made, or the person passing a resolution, for its winding up; (f) the person: (i) suspending payment of its debts, ceasing (or threatening to cease) to carry on all or a material part of its business, stating that it is unable to pay its debts or being or becoming otherwise insolvent; or (ii) being unable to pay its debts or otherwise insolvent; (g) the person entering into a compromise or arrangement with, or assignment for the benefit of, its members or creditors generally; (h) a court or other authority enforcing any judgment or order against the person for the payment of money or the recovery of any property; or (i) any analogous event under the laws of any applicable jurisdiction, unless this takes place as part of a solvent reconstruction, amalgamation, merger or consolidation that has been approved by Allkem. Scheme means the proposed scheme of arrangement under Part 5.1 of the Corporations Act between Allkem, Eligible Shareholders and Ineligible Overseas Shareholders, subject to any alterations or conditions made or required by the Court under section 411(6) of the Corporations Act and agreed to in writing by Arcadium Lithium, Livent and Allkem. Unless the context otherwise requires, terms defined in the Scheme have the same meaning when used in this Deed Poll. 1.2 Rules for interpreting this Deed Poll Clause 1.2 of the Scheme applies to the interpretation of this Deed Poll, except that references to “Scheme” are to be read as references to “Deed Poll”. 2 NATURE OF THIS DEED POLL Arcadium Lithium acknowledges and agrees that: (a) This Deed Poll may be relied on and enforced by any Scheme Shareholder and by the Sale Nominee in accordance with its terms even though the Scheme Shareholders and the Sale Nominee are not party to it; and (b) Under the Scheme, each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee each irrevocably appoints Allkem and each of its directors and officers, jointly and severally, as its agent and attorney to enforce this Deed Poll against Arcadium Lithium.


 
3 CONDITIONS PRECEDENT AND TERMINATION 3.1 Conditions precedent This Deed Poll, and Arcadium Lithium’s obligations under this Deed Poll, are subject to the Scheme becoming Effective. 3.2 Termination (a) Unless Arcadium Lithium and Allkem otherwise agree in writing (and, if required, as approved by the Court), Arcadium Lithium’s obligations under this Deed Poll will automatically terminate, and the terms of this Deed Poll will be of no further force or effect, if the Transaction Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. (b) If this Deed Poll is terminated pursuant to clause 3.2(a): (i) Arcadium Lithium is released from its obligations under this Deed Poll; and (ii) each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee retains any rights, powers or remedies it has against Arcadium Lithium in respect of any breach of this Deed Poll that occurred before it was terminated. 4 SCHEME OBLIGATIONS 4.1 Undertaking to provide Scheme Consideration Subject to clause 3, in consideration of the transfer of each Scheme Share to Arcadium Lithium in accordance with the Scheme, Arcadium Lithium covenants in favour of each Eligible Shareholder and the Ineligible Overseas Shareholders that it will: (a) provide the Scheme Consideration to each Eligible Shareholder on the Scheme Implementation Date; and (b) undertake and perform all other actions and obligations, and give each covenant, attributed to it or otherwise contemplated of it under the Scheme, as if named as a party to the Scheme, in each case, subject to and in accordance with the terms of the Scheme. 4.2 Consideration Shares to rank equally Arcadium Lithium covenants in favour of each Scheme Shareholder and in favour of the Sale Nominee that each Consideration Share (including those to be issued to CDN or its custodian in connection with the Consideration CDIs) will, upon issue: (a) be duly issued and fully paid; (b) be free from any Encumbrances, pledges and interests of third parties of any kind; and (c) rank equally in all respects, including for future dividends, with all existing Arcadium Lithium Shares then on issue. 5 PERFORMANCE OF OBLIGATIONS GENERALLY 5.1 Performance of the Scheme Arcadium Lithium must comply with the obligations attributed to Arcadium Lithium under the Scheme and this Deed Poll (on and subject to their terms and conditions) and do all acts necessary or desirable on its part to give full effect to the Scheme.


 
6 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Arcadium Lithium represents and warrants in favour of each Scheme Shareholder and in favour of the Sale Nominee that: (a) (status) it is a validly existing corporation in accordance with the laws of its place of incorporation and remains in good standing thereunder; (b) (power) it has full legal capacity and power to enter into this Deed Poll and to carry out the transactions contemplated by this Deed Poll; (c) (corporate authority) it has taken all corporate action that is necessary to authorise it to enter into this Deed Poll and it has taken or will take all corporate action that is necessary to authorise it to carry out the transactions contemplated by this Deed Poll; (d) (Deed Poll effective) this Deed Poll constitutes valid and binding obligations on it, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms; (e) (no contravention) the entry by it into, its compliance with its obligations and the exercise of its rights under, this Deed Poll do not and will not conflict with: (i) its constituent documents or cause a limitation on its powers or the powers of its directors to be exceeded; or (ii) any law binding on or applicable to it or its assets, (f) (no Insolvency Event) it is not affected by an Insolvency Event. 7 CONTINUING OBLIGATIONS This Deed Poll is irrevocable and, subject to clause 3, remains in full force and effect until the earlier of: (a) Arcadium Lithium having fully performed its obligations under this Deed Poll; and (b) termination of this Deed Poll pursuant to clause 3.2. 8 NOTICES 8.1 How to give a notice A notice, consent or other communication under this Deed Poll is only effective if it is: (a) in writing, legible and in English, signed by or on behalf of the person giving it; (b) addressed to the person to whom it is to be given; and (c) either: (i) delivered or sent by pre-paid mail (by airmail, if the addressee is overseas) to that person's address; or (ii) sent in electronic form (such as email). 8.2 When a notice is given A notice, consent or other communication that complies with this clause 8 is regarded as given and received upon: (a) if sent by mail:


 
(i) within Australia – three Business Days after posting; or (ii) to or from a place outside Australia – seven Business Days after posting; (b) if sent in electronic form: (i) if it is transmitted by 5.00 pm on a Business Day – when sent; or (ii) if it is transmitted after 5.00 pm on a Business Day, or at any time on a day that is not a Business Day – on the next Business Day, provided that no notice of failure of transmission or other error message is received by the sender. 8.3 Address for notices Arcadium Lithium’s mail address and email address are those set out below, or as Arcadium Lithium otherwise notifies. Address: Percy Exchange, 8-34 Percy Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 Email: [●] Attention: Attention: The Secretary Copy to: Guy Alexander, Allens at Guy.Alexander@allens.com.au William H. Aaronson, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP at william.aaronson@davispolk.com Cheryl Chan, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP at cheryl.chan@davispolk.com 9 GENERAL 9.1 Amendment A provision of this Deed Poll may not be amended or varied unless: (a) before the Second Court Date, the amendment or variation is agreed to in writing by Allkem (on behalf of each Scheme Shareholder but without the need for Allkem to refer the amendment or variation to any Scheme Shareholder) and, if required, is approved by the Court; or (b) on or after the Second Court Date, the amendment or variation is agreed to in writing by Allkem (on behalf of each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee but without the need for Allkem to refer the amendment or variation to any Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee) and is approved by the Court, and Arcadium Lithium executes a further deed poll in favour of each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee giving effect to that amendment or variation. 9.2 Assignment (a) The rights created by this Deed Poll are personal to Arcadium Lithium, each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee and, except with the prior written consent of Allkem and Arcadium Lithium, cannot and must not be assigned, encumbered, charged or otherwise dealt with at law or in equity by a Scheme Shareholder or by the Sale Nominee.


 
(b) Any purported dealing in contravention of clause 9.2(a) is invalid. 9.3 Waiver of rights A right may only be waived in writing, signed by the party giving the waiver, and: (a) no other conduct of a party (including a failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, the right) operates as a waiver of the right or otherwise prevents the exercise of that right; (b) a waiver of a right on one or more occasions does not operate as a waiver of that right if it arises again; and (c) the exercise, or partial exercise, of a right does not prevent any further exercise of that right or of any other right. 9.4 Operation of this Deed Poll (a) The rights, powers and remedies of Arcadium Lithium, the Scheme Shareholders and the Sale Nominee under this Deed Poll are in addition to, and do not replace, exclude or limit, any other rights, powers or remedies provided by law independently of this Deed Poll. (b) Any provision of this Deed Poll that is void, illegal or unenforceable: (i) in a particular jurisdiction does not affect the validity, legality or enforceability of that provision in any other jurisdiction or of the remaining provisions of this Deed Poll in that or any other jurisdiction; and (ii) is, where possible, to be severed to the extent necessary to make this Deed Poll valid, legal or enforceable, unless this would materially change the intended effect of this Deed Poll. 9.5 Duty Arcadium Lithium must: (a) pay all stamp duty payable or assessed as being payable in connection with this Deed Poll, the Scheme, or the transfer by the Eligible Shareholders of the Scheme Shares pursuant to the Scheme (including any fees, fines, penalties and interest in connection with any of these amounts); and (b) indemnify each Eligible Shareholder against any liability arising from any failure by Arcadium Lithium to comply with clause 9.5(a). 9.6 Consent Arcadium Lithium consents to Allkem producing this Deed Poll to the Court. 9.7 Further acts Arcadium Lithium must, at their own expense, promptly do all things and execute all documents reasonably necessary to give full effect to this Deed Poll and all transactions contemplated by it. 9.8 Governing law (a) This Deed Poll and any dispute arising out of or in connection with the subject matter of this Deed Poll is governed by the laws of Western Australia.


 
(b) Arcadium Lithium irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of the Federal Court of Australia (Western Australian registry) and of the courts competent to determine appeals from that court with respect to any proceedings that may be brought at any time arising out of or in connection with the subject matter of this Deed Poll. Arcadium Lithium irrevocably waives any objection to the venue of any legal process in these courts on the basis that the process has been brought in any inconvenient forum. EXECUTED as a deed poll. Signed Sealed and Delivered by Arcadium Lithium in the presence of: Signature of Witness Signature of Authorised Signatory Name of Witness Name of Authorised Signatory Seal


 
Exhibit D-1 [Form of Scheme of Arrangement]


 
Under section 411 of the Corporations Act BETWEEN: (1) Allkem Limited (ACN 112 589 910) whose registered office is at Level 35, 71 Eagle Street, Brisbane QLD 4000 (Allkem); (2) Eligible Shareholders; and (3) Ineligible Overseas Shareholders. PRELIMINARY MATTERS (A) Allkem is a public company limited by shares incorporated in Australia. It has its registered office at registered office is at Level 35, 71 Eagle Street, Brisbane QLD 4000. Allkem is admitted to the official list of ASX and Allkem Shares are quoted on the securities exchange operated by ASX and the TSX. (C) Livent Corporation (Livent) is a public corporation incorporated in Delaware, in the United States of America. It has its principal executive office at 1818 Market Street, Suite 2550, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. Livent stock is listed on NYSE. (D) Arcadium Lithium plc (Arcadium Lithium) is a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Bailiwick of Jersey. It has its registered address at Suite 12, Gateway Hub, Shannon Airport House, Shannon, Co. Clare V14 E370 Ireland. (E) Allkem, Livent and Arcadium Lithium entered into the Transaction Agreement on or about 10 May 2023 to facilitate (among other things) the implementation of this Scheme as part of the Transaction. (F) By no later than the day that is one Business Day prior to the First Court Date, Arcadium Lithium will have executed the Deed Poll under which Arcadium Lithium will covenant in favour of the Eligible Shareholders and Ineligible Overseas Shareholders to perform the obligations attributable to it under this Scheme, including to provide the Scheme Consideration to Eligible Shareholders in accordance with the terms of this Scheme. (G) If this Scheme becomes Effective: (a) after the Scheme Record Date and prior to Scheme Implementation, all of the Ineligible Shares will be transferred to the Sale Nominee; and (b) on the Implementation Date: (i) Arcadium Lithium will provide the Scheme Consideration to Eligible Shareholders (including the Sale Nominee) in accordance with the terms of this Scheme and the Deed Poll; (ii) all of the Scheme Shares, and all of the rights and entitlements attaching to them as at the Implementation Date, will be transferred to Arcadium Lithium; and (iii) Allkem will enter Arcadium Lithium’s name in the Allkem Share Register as the holder of all of the Scheme Shares; and (c) following the Implementation Date, the Consideration CDIs issued to the Sale Nominee on Scheme Implementation in respect of the Ineligible Shares transferred to it under paragraph (a) will be sold by the Sale Nominee, with the net proceeds of such


 
Consideration CDIs being paid to the Ineligible Overseas Shareholders on a pro-rata basis. OPERATIVE PROVISIONS 1 INTERPRETATION 1.1 Definitions The following definitions apply in this Scheme. Allkem Canadian Branch Shareholder means an Allkem Shareholder entered in the Canadian branch register of the Allkem Share Register as a holder of one or more Allkem Shares. Allkem Principal Register Shareholder means an Allkem Shareholder entered in the Australian principal register of the Allkem Share Register as a holder of one or more Allkem Shares. Allkem Share means a fully paid ordinary share in Allkem. Allkem Share Register means the register of members of Allkem maintained in accordance with the Corporations Act, and includes the Canadian branch register. Allkem Share Registry (a) when used in relation to Allkem’s Australian principal share register, means Computershare Investor Services Pty Limited ABN 48 078 279 277; and (b) when used in relation to Allkem’s Canadian branch share register, means Computershare Investor Services Inc. Allkem Shareholder means a person entered in the Allkem Share Register as a holder of one or more Allkem Shares and includes Allkem Canadian Branch Shareholders. Arcadium Lithium Share means an ordinary share, par value of US$1.00, of Arcadium Lithium. Arcadium Lithium Share Register means the register of shareholders of Arcadium Lithium. ASIC means the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. ASX means ASX Limited (ACN 008 624 691), and, where the context requires, the securities exchange that it operates. ASX Listing Rules means the official listing rules of ASX. Business Day: (a) when used in relation to the Implementation Date and the Scheme Record Date, has the meaning given in the ASX Listing Rules; and (b) in all other cases, means any day other than: (i) a Saturday or a Sunday; or (ii) a day on which banking and savings and loan institutions are authorised or required by law to be closed in Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, the Bailiwick of Jersey or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America. CDI means a CHESS Depositary Interest, representing beneficial ownership of one Arcadium Lithium Share.


 
CDI Election means a validly completed notice by an Eligible Canadian Branch Shareholder requesting to receive the Scheme Consideration as Consideration CDIs instead of Consideration Shares. CDI Electing Shareholder means an Eligible Canadian Branch Shareholder who has provided Allkem with a duly completed CDI Election by no later than 5.00 pm (Toronto time) / 10.00pm (UTC) on the Election Date. CDN means CHESS Depositary Nominees Pty Limited (ACN 071 346 506). CHESS means the Clearing House Electronic Subregister System for the electronic transfer of securities operated by ASX Settlement Pty Limited ABN 49 008 504 532. Consideration CDI means an Arcadium Lithium CDI issued under this Scheme as Scheme Consideration. Consideration Share means an Arcadium Lithium Share to be issued under this Scheme as Scheme Consideration. Corporations Act means the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Court means the Federal Court of Australia (Western Australian registry) or such other court of competent jurisdiction under the Corporations Act as may be agreed to in writing by Allkem and Livent. Court Orders means the order or orders of the Court approving this Scheme under section 411(4)(b) of the Corporations Act (and, if applicable, section 411(6) of the Corporations Act). Deed Poll means the deed poll under which Arcadium Lithium covenants in favour of Eligible Shareholders and Ineligible Overseas Shareholders to perform the obligations attributed to Arcadium Lithium under this Scheme. Effective means the coming into effect, under section 411(10) of the Corporations Act, of the order of the Court made under section 411(4)(b) of the Corporations Act in relation to this Scheme. Election Date means: (a) in the case of Allkem Principal Register Shareholders, 5.00pm (Australian Eastern Daylight Time) on the day that is three Business Days prior to the Record Date; (b) in the case of Allkem Canadian Branch Shareholders, 5.00pm (Toronto time) / 10.00pm (UTC) on the day that is three Business Days prior to the Record Date. Eligible Shareholder means: (a) a Scheme Shareholder who is not an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder; and (b) the Sale Nominee. Eligible Canadian Branch Shareholder means an Eligible Shareholder who is an Allkem Canadian Branch Shareholder as at the Scheme Record Date. Eligible Principal Register Shareholder means an Eligible Shareholder who is: (a) a Principal Register Shareholder on the Record Date; or (b) the Sale Nominee. Encumbrance means: (a) a Security Interest; or


 
(b) an easement, restrictive covenant, caveat or similar restriction over property. FIRB means the Australian Foreign Investment Review Board. Governmental Entity means a government, government department or a governmental, semi- governmental, administrative, statutory or judicial entity, agency, authority, commission, department, tribunal, or person charged with the administration of a law or agency, whether in Australia or elsewhere, including the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, ASIC, ASX, the Takeovers Panel, and any self-regulatory organisation established under statute or by ASX, or any applicable foreign equivalents of the specified bodies. Ineligible Consideration CDIs has the meaning given in clause 4.4(f). Ineligible Overseas Shareholder means an Allkem Shareholder whose Registered Address at the Scheme Record Date is a place outside of Australia and Argentina, British Virgin Islands, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States (unless otherwise agreed by Allkem, Livent and Arcadium Lithium in writing, each acting reasonably) or any other jurisdictions agreed by Allkem, Livent and New Topco in writing as lawful and not unduly impracticable or onerous for Arcadium Lithium to issue such Allkem Shareholder Arcadium Lithium Shares or CDIs upon Scheme Implementation in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (each acting reasonably). Ineligible Shares has the meaning given in clause 4.4(c). Ineligible Share Transfer means a duly completed and executed proper instrument of transfer in respect of the Ineligible Shares for the purposes of section 1071B of the Corporations Act, in favour of the Sale Nominee, being a master transfer of all of the Ineligible Shares. Net Proceeds means the total proceeds of sale of all of the Ineligible Consideration CDIs after the deduction of any applicable fees, brokerage, taxes and charges of the Sale Nominee reasonably incurred in connection with the sale of the Ineligible Consideration CDIs. NYSE means the New York Stock Exchange. Registered Address means, in relation to an Allkem Shareholder, the address of the shareholder shown in the Allkem Share Register. Sale Nominee means: (a) the nominee appointed by Allkem in accordance with clause 4.4 of this Scheme to sell the Ineligible Consideration CDIs under the terms of this Scheme (or any person holding legal title to the Ineligible Shares or the Ineligible Consideration CDIs (as applicable) for the benefit of, and as agent for, that person); or (b) if the Terms of Appointment with the Sale Nominee contemplated by paragraph (a) immediately above are terminated after Implementation, any alternate nominee appointed by Allkem on the terms contemplated by clause 4.4 to sell the Ineligible Consideration CDIs under the terms of this Scheme (or any person holding legal title to the Ineligible Shares or the Ineligible Consideration CDIs (as applicable) for the benefit of, and as agent for, that person), as applicable. Scheme means this scheme of arrangement under Part 5.1 of the Corporations Act between Allkem, the Eligible Shareholders and the Ineligible Overseas Shareholders, subject to any


 
alterations or conditions made or required by the Court under section 411(6) of the Corporations Act and agreed to in writing by Arcadium Lithium, Livent and Allkem. Scheme Consideration means the consideration to be provided by Arcadium Lithium to each Eligible Shareholder for the transfer of each Scheme Share under this Scheme, as set out in clause 4. Scheme Effective Date means the date on which this Scheme becomes Effective. Scheme Implementation means the implementation of this Scheme. Scheme Implementation Date means the date on which Scheme Implementation occurs, being the fifth Business Day following the Scheme Record Date, or such other date as may be agreed to in writing by Allkem and Livent. Scheme Meeting means the meeting of Allkem Shareholders (and any adjournment thereof) ordered by the Court to be convened under section 411(1) of the Corporations Act to consider and vote on the Scheme. Scheme Record Date means 7.00 pm (Australian Eastern Daylight Time) on the second Business Day after the Scheme Effective Date, or such other date and time as may be agreed to in writing by Allkem and Livent. Scheme Share means: (a) each Allkem Share held by a Scheme Shareholder (other than an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder) as at the Scheme Record Date; and (b) each Allkem Share held by an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder and transferred to the Sale Nominee after the Scheme Record Date and prior to Scheme Implementation pursuant to clause 4.4 of this Scheme. Scheme Shareholder means an Allkem Shareholder as at the Scheme Record Date, taking into account registration of all registrable transfers and transmission applications in accordance with clause 5.1. Scheme Transfer means a duly completed and executed proper instrument of transfer in respect of the Scheme Shares for the purposes of section 1071B of the Corporations Act, in favour of Arcadium Lithium, being a master transfer of all of the Scheme Shares. Second Court Date means the first day on which the Court hears an application for an order under section 411(4)(b) of the Corporations Act approving this Scheme or, if the application is adjourned or subject to appeal for any reason, the first day on which the adjourned or appealed application is heard. Security Interest means any security interest, including: (a) a security interest that is subject to the Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (Cth); (b) any other mortgage, charge, pledge or lien; or (c) any other interest or arrangement of any kind that in substance secures the payment of money or the performance of an obligation, or that gives a creditor priority over unsecured creditors in relation to any property.


 
Share Electing Shareholder means an Eligible Principal Register Shareholder (other than the Sale Nominee) who has provided Allkem with a duly completed Share Election before 5.00 pm (Australian Eastern Daylight Time) on the Election Date. Share Election means a validly completed notice by an Eligible Principal Register Shareholder (other than the Sale Nominee) requesting to receive the Scheme Consideration as Consideration Shares instead of Consideration CDIs. Takeovers Panel means the Takeovers Panel constituted under the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 (Cth). Terms of Appointment means the deed or other document under which the Sale Nominee is appointed under clause 4.4 of this Scheme. Transaction means this Scheme and the US Merger (which is expected to become effective following Scheme Implementation in accordance with the Transaction Agreement). Transaction Agreement means the transaction agreement dated on or about 10 May 2023 between Allkem, Livent and Arcadium Lithium relating to (among other things) Scheme Implementation. TSX means the Toronto Stock Exchange. Unclaimed Money Act means the Unclaimed Money Act 1990 (WA). US Merger means the proposed merger between US Merger Sub and Livent in accordance with the Transaction Agreement. US Merger Sub means a Delaware corporation that will be formed after the date of the Transaction Agreement and that will ultimately be (but will not at any time prior to Scheme Implementation be) an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Arcadium Lithium and that is referred to as “U.S. Merger Sub” in the Transaction Agreement. 1.2 Rules for interpreting this Scheme Headings and catchwords are for convenience only, and do not affect interpretation. The following rules also apply in interpreting this Scheme, except where the context makes it clear that a rule is not intended to apply. (a) A reference to: (i) a legislative provision or legislation (including subordinate legislation) is to that provision or legislation as amended, re-enacted or replaced, and includes any subordinate legislation issued under it; (ii) a clause is to a clause of this Scheme; (iii) a document (including this Scheme) or agreement, or a provision of a document (including this Scheme) or agreement, is to that document, agreement or provision as amended, supplemented, replaced or novated; (iv) a group of persons is a reference to any 2 or more of them jointly and to each of them individually; (v) a party to this Scheme, or to any other document or agreement, includes a permitted substitute or a permitted assign of that party;


 
(vi) a person includes any type of entity or body of persons, whether or not it is incorporated or has a separate legal identity, and any executor, administrator or successor in law of the person; and (vii) any thing (including a right, amount, obligation or concept) includes each part of it. (b) A singular word includes the plural, and vice versa. (c) A word that suggests one gender includes the other genders. (d) If a word or phrase is defined, any other grammatical form of that word or phrase has a corresponding meaning. (e) If an example is given of anything (including a right, obligation or concept), such as by saying it includes something else, the example does not limit the scope of that thing. (f) The word officer has the same meaning as given by the Corporations Act. (g) A reference to time in this Scheme is a reference to Australian Western Standard Time, unless otherwise expressly specified. (h) Nothing in this Scheme is to be construed adversely to a party just because that party prepared this Scheme or prepared or proposed the relevant part of this Scheme. 1.3 Non–Business Days If the day on or by which a person must do something under this Scheme is not a Business Day, the person must do it on or by the next Business Day. 2 CONDITIONS PRECEDENT 2.1 Conditions precedent to the Scheme This Scheme is conditional upon, and will not become Effective unless and until, each of the following conditions precedent is satisfied. (a) As at 8.00 am on the Second Court Date, the conditions in Exhibit A of the Transaction Agreement (other than the conditions in paragraph 1(b) and 1(c) of Exhibit A of the Transaction Agreement) have been satisfied or waived in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Agreement. (b) Prior to 8.00 am on the Second Court Date, neither the Transaction Agreement nor the Deed Poll has been terminated in accordance with their terms. (c) The order of the Court made under section 411(4)(b) of the Corporations Act (and, if applicable, section 411(6) of the Corporations Act, subject to such alterations or conditions being agreed in accordance with clause 3.3) approving this Scheme comes into effect pursuant to section 411(10) of the Corporations Act on or before either or both of the Transaction Agreement and the Deed Poll are terminated in accordance with their respective terms. 2.2 Certificates (a) Before 8.30 am on the Second Court Date: (i) Allkem must provide to the Court:


 
(A) a certificate, in the form of a deed, confirming whether or not, in respect of matters within Allkem’s knowledge, the conditions precedent in clause 2.1(a) and 2.1(b) have been satisfied; and (B) a certificate from Livent, in the form of a deed, confirming whether or not, in respect of matters within Livent’s knowledge, the conditions precedent in clause 2.1(a) and 2.1(b) have been satisfied; and (ii) Arcadium Lithium must provide to the Court a certificate, in the form of a deed, confirming whether or not, in respect of matters within Arcadium Lithium’s knowledge, the conditions precedent in clause 2.1(a) and 2.1(b) have been satisfied. (b) The certificates referred to in clause 2.2(a) constitute conclusive evidence that the conditions precedent in clauses 2.1(a) and 2.1(b) have been satisfied. 2.3 Scheme Effective Date Subject to clause 2.1, this Scheme takes effect on the Scheme Effective Date. 2.4 When Scheme will lapse Unless Allkem, Arcadium Lithium and Livent otherwise agree in writing (and, if required, as approved by the Court), this Scheme will immediately lapse and be of no further force or effect if, without limiting any rights under the Transaction Agreement, either or both of the Transaction Agreement and the Deed Poll are terminated in accordance with their respective terms. 3 THE SCHEME 3.1 Lodgement of copy of Court Order with ASIC Allkem must lodge with ASIC an office copy of the Court Orders in accordance with section 411(10) of the Corporations Act: (a) as soon as possible after the date on which the Court makes the Court Orders and in accordance with the time limit set out in item 10 of Appendix 7A of the ASX Listing Rules; or (b) on such other Business Day and by such other time as agreed to in writing by Livent and Allkem. 3.2 Transfer of Scheme Shares On the Scheme Implementation Date: (a) subject to Arcadium Lithium taking the steps to provide the Scheme Consideration which it is required to take on the Scheme Implementation Date under clause 4, all of the Scheme Shares, together with all rights and entitlements attaching to the Scheme Shares as at the Scheme Implementation Date, will be transferred to Arcadium Lithium without the need for any further act by any Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee (other than acts performed by Allkem or its directors and officers as attorney and agent for the Scheme Shareholders and the Sale Nominee under this Scheme) by: (i) Allkem delivering to Arcadium Lithium a duly completed registrable Scheme Transfer to transfer the Scheme Shares to Arcadium Lithium, which Scheme Transfer has been duly executed by Allkem (or any of its directors and officers) as


 
the attorney and agent of each Eligible Shareholder as a transferor under clauses 6.2 and 6.4; and (ii) Arcadium Lithium duly completing and executing the Scheme Transfer as transferee and delivering the Scheme Transfer to Allkem for registration; and (b) immediately following receipt of the Scheme Transfer in accordance with clause 3.2(a)(ii), Allkem must: (i) attend to registration of the Scheme Transfer; and (ii) enter or procure the entry of the name and address of Arcadium Lithium in the Allkem Share Register as the holder of all of the Scheme Shares. 3.3 Alteration or condition to Scheme If the Court proposes to approve this Scheme subject to any alterations or conditions under section 411(6) of the Corporations Act, and those alterations or conditions have been agreed to in writing by each of Allkem, Livent and Arcadium Lithium: (a) Allkem may, by its counsel, consent on behalf of all persons concerned, including each Scheme Shareholder (and, to avoid doubt, the Sale Nominee), to those alterations or conditions; and (b) each Scheme Shareholder (and, to avoid doubt, the Sale Nominee) agrees to any such alterations or conditions that counsel for Allkem has consented to. 4 SCHEME CONSIDERATION 4.1 Elections by Eligible Shareholders (a) Each Eligible Principal Register Shareholder (other than the Sale Nominee) may become a Share Electing Shareholder by providing Allkem with a duly completed Share Election before 5.00 pm (Australian Eastern Daylight Time) on the Election Date. (b) Each Eligible Canadian Branch Shareholder may become a CDI Electing Shareholder by providing Allkem with a duly completed CDI Election before 5.00 pm (Toronto time) / 10:00pm (UTC) on the Election Date. (c) To avoid doubt, a Share Election or CDI Election submitted by an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder will be of no force or effect. 4.2 Entitlement to Scheme Consideration (a) On the Scheme Implementation Date, in consideration for the transfer to Arcadium Lithium of Scheme Shares under the terms of this Scheme, each Eligible Shareholder will be entitled to receive the Scheme Consideration in respect of each of their Scheme Shares in accordance with this clause 4. (b) Subject to clauses 4.3 to 4.7, the Scheme Consideration to be provided to each Eligible Shareholder will be: (i) where the Eligible Shareholder is: (A) an Eligible Principal Register Shareholder who is not a Share Electing Shareholder; or


 
(B) an Eligible Canadian Branch Shareholder who is a CDI Electing Shareholder, 1 Consideration CDI for each Scheme Share; and (ii) where the Eligible Shareholder is: (A) an Eligible Principal Register Shareholder who is a Share Electing Shareholder; or (B) an Eligible Canadian Branch Shareholder who is not a CDI Electing Shareholder; and in either case, is not the Sale Nominee, 1 Consideration Share for each Scheme Share. 4.3 Provision of Scheme Consideration Subject to clauses 4.4 to 4.7, Arcadium Lithium must: (a) on the Scheme Implementation Date (or, in the case of sub-paragraphs (C), (D), (E) and (F) of clause 4.3(a)(iii), by no later than the Business Day following the Scheme Implementation Date): (i) provide to each Eligible Shareholder (or procure the issue to each Eligible Shareholder of) the applicable Scheme Consideration in accordance with this Scheme; (ii) in the case of Scheme Consideration that is required to be provided to Eligible Shareholders in the form of Consideration Shares, procure that the name and address of each relevant Eligible Shareholder is entered in the Arcadium Lithium Share Register as the holder of the applicable Consideration Shares (being the name and Registered Address of the relevant Eligible Shareholder as at the Scheme Record Date); and (iii) in the case of Scheme Consideration that is required to be provided to Eligible Shareholders in the form of Consideration CDIs: (A) issue to CDN (or to a custodian who will hold the Arcadium Lithium Shares on CDN's behalf) to be held on trust that number of Arcadium Lithium Shares that will enable CDN to issue Consideration CDIs as contemplated by this clause 4.3; (B) procure that the name and address of CDN or of its custodian (as applicable) is entered into the Arcadium Lithium Share Register in respect of those Arcadium Lithium Shares underlying the Consideration CDIs, and that a share certificate or holding statement (or equivalent document) in the name of CDN representing those Arcadium Lithium Shares is sent to CDN; (C) procure that CDN issues to each relevant Eligible Shareholder the number of Consideration CDIs to which it is entitled under this clause 4.3; and (D) procure that the name and address of each relevant Eligible Shareholder is entered in the records maintained by CDN or its custodian (as


 
applicable) or both, as the holder of the Consideration CDIs issued to that Eligible Shareholder; (E) in the case of each such Eligible Shareholder who held Scheme Shares on the CHESS subregister, procure that the Consideration CDIs are held on the CHESS subregister; and (F) in the case of each such Eligible Shareholder who held Scheme Shares on the issuer sponsored subregister, the Consideration CDIs are held on the issuer sponsored subregister; and (b) no later than six Business Days after the Scheme Implementation Date, send or procure the dispatch to each Eligible Shareholder, to their Registered Address as at the Scheme Record Date (or, in the case of the Sale Nominee, as specified in the Ineligible Share Transfer), a Direct Registration System statement, holding statement or allotment confirmation representing the Consideration Shares or Consideration CDIs (as applicable) issued to that Eligible Shareholder. 4.4 Ineligible Overseas Shareholders (a) Arcadium Lithium has no obligation to issue, and will not issue, any Scheme Consideration under this Scheme to any Ineligible Overseas Shareholder. (b) Allkem must: (i) prior to the First Court Hearing, appoint the Sale Nominee; (ii) ensure that, under the Terms of Appointment, the Sale Nominee irrevocably undertakes to and is otherwise obliged to do all such things required by this clause 4.4 of this Scheme (including, but not limited to, under clause 4.4(c)); and (iii) procure that the Sale Nominee: (A) performs all acts attributed to it under this clause 4.4; and (B) otherwise does all things necessary to give effect to this clause 4.4. (c) After the Scheme Record Date, and prior to Scheme Implementation, all of the Allkem Shares which were held by Ineligible Overseas Shareholders as at the Scheme Record Date (each an Ineligible Share and together the Ineligible Shares), together with all rights and entitlements attaching to those Ineligible Shares, will be transferred to the Sale Nominee: (i) without the need for any further act by any Ineligible Overseas Shareholder (other than acts performed by Allkem or its directors or officers as attorney and agent for the Ineligible Overseas Shareholders); and (ii) on the basis that, if (1) the Scheme lapses under clause 2.4, or (2) Scheme Implementation has not occurred within 5 Business Days after the Scheme Record Date (or such later time determined by Allkem in its sole discretion), (each a Return Event), the Sale Nominee must return the Ineligible Consideration Shares to the relevant Ineligible Overseas Shareholders as soon as reasonably practicable (and in any event, no later than 15 Business Days after the date on which Allkem gives


 
written notice of the Return Event to the Sale Nominee) without any cost incurred by or fee payable to the Ineligible Overseas Shareholder. (d) Allkem must procure that the Sale Nominee accepts the transfer of the Ineligible Shares under clause 4.4(c) by immediately executing the Ineligible Share Transfer as transferee and delivering it to Allkem for registration. (e) In order to give effect to the transfer of Ineligible Shares to the Sale Nominee under clause 4.4(c), Allkem will: (i) as attorney and agent for each Ineligible Overseas Shareholder, execute the Ineligible Share Transfer provided under clause 4.4(d); and (ii) register the transfer of the Ineligible Shares to the Sale Nominee and enter the name of the Sale Nominee in the Allkem Share Register in respect of all of the Ineligible Shares transferred under clause 4.4(c). (f) Allkem must procure that the Sale Nominee, and must enforce its contractual rights to ensure that the Sale Nominee: (i) sells the CDIs issued as Scheme Consideration in respect of the Ineligible Shares (Ineligible Consideration CDIs) (on ASX or off-market) as soon as reasonably practicable and in any event no more than 15 Business Days after the Scheme Implementation Date, in the manner, and on the terms, the Sale Nominee determines in good faith (and at the risk of the Ineligible Overseas Shareholder); and (ii) as soon as reasonably practicable and in any event no more than 10 Business Days after settlement of all the sales of the Ineligible Consideration CDIs under clause 4.4(f)(i), remits to Allkem the Net Proceeds. (g) Promptly after receipt of the Net Proceeds, Allkem must pay each Ineligible Overseas Shareholder, or procure the payment to each Ineligible Overseas Shareholder of, such proportion of the Net Proceeds to which that Ineligible Overseas Shareholder is entitled (rounded down to the nearest cent), to be determined in accordance with the following formula: where: 𝑨𝑨 = (𝑩𝑩/C ) × 𝑫𝑫 A = the proportion of the Net Proceeds to which that Ineligible Overseas Shareholder is entitled; B = the number of Ineligible Shares transferred to the Sale Nominee in respect of that Ineligible Overseas Shareholder; C = the total number of Ineligible Shares that were transferred to the Sale Nominee; and D = the Net Proceeds. (h) The Net Proceeds will be payable to Ineligible Overseas Shareholders in Australian dollars. (i) Each Ineligible Overseas Shareholder acknowledges and agrees that:


 
(i) none of Allkem, Livent, Arcadium Lithium or the Sale Nominee give any assurance as to the price or foreign exchange rate that will be achieved for the sale of the Ineligible Consideration CDIs described in clause 4.4(f); and (ii) Allkem, Livent, Arcadium Lithium and the Sale Nominee each expressly disclaim any fiduciary duty to any Ineligible Overseas Shareholder that may arise in connection with this clause 4.4. (j) Allkem must pay or procure that each Ineligible Overseas Shareholder is paid any amounts owing under clause 4.4(g) by either (in the absolute discretion of Allkem): (i) where an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder has, before the Scheme Record Date, made a valid election in accordance with the requirements of the Allkem Share Registry to receive dividend payments from Allkem by electronic funds transfer to a bank account nominated by the Ineligible Overseas Shareholder, paying, or procuring the payment of, the relevant amount in Australian currency by electronic means in accordance with that election; (ii) by Global Wire Payment Service, if an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder has elected to receive payments electronically in their local currency using the Allkem Share Registry’s Global Wire Payment Service; or (iii) dispatching, or procuring the dispatch of, a cheque for the relevant amount in Australian currency to the Ineligible Overseas Shareholder by prepaid post to their Registered Address (as at the Scheme Record Date), such cheque being drawn in the name of the Ineligible Overseas Shareholder (in the case of joint holders, the cheque will be drawn in the name of the joint holders and dispatched in accordance with the procedures set out in clause 4.6(b)). (k) Each Ineligible Overseas Shareholder appoints Allkem, and each director and officer of Allkem, as its agent to receive on its behalf any financial services guide (or similar or equivalent document) and any other notices (including any updates of those documents) that the Sale Nominee is required to provide to Ineligible Overseas Shareholders under the Corporations Act or any other applicable law. (l) Payment of the relevant amounts calculated in accordance with clauses 4.4(g) to an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder in accordance with this clause 4.4 satisfies in full Arcadium Lithium’s obligations to the Ineligible Overseas Shareholder under this Scheme in respect of the Scheme Consideration. 4.5 Other ineligible Scheme Shareholders (a) Where the issue of Scheme Consideration to which an Eligible Shareholder would otherwise be entitled under this Scheme would result in a breach of law: (i) Arcadium Lithium will issue the maximum possible Scheme Consideration to that Eligible Shareholder without giving rise to such a breach; and (ii) any further Scheme Consideration to which that Eligible Shareholder is entitled, but the issue of which to that Eligible Shareholder would give rise to such a breach, will instead be issued to the Sale Nominee and dealt with under clause 4.4, as if: (A) references to "Ineligible Overseas Shareholders" also included that Eligible Shareholder; and


 
(B) references to "Ineligible Consideration CDIs" also included any of that Eligible Shareholder’s Scheme Consideration that has been issued to the Sale Nominee. (b) Where the issue of Scheme Consideration to the Sale Nominee under this Scheme would result in a breach of law, Allkem must use its reasonable best efforts to appoint another person as the Sale Nominee in accordance with clause 4.4. 4.6 Joint holders In the case of Scheme Shares held in joint names: (a) any Scheme Consideration will be issued to and registered in the names of the joint holders; and (b) any other document required to be sent under this Scheme will be forwarded to the holder whose name appears first in the Allkem Share Register as at the Scheme Record Date or to the joint holders. 4.7 Orders of a court or Governmental Entity (a) If Arcadium Lithium or Allkem (or the Allkem Share Registry) receives written notice of an order or direction made by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a Governmental Entity that: (i) requires consideration to be provided to a third party (either through payment of a sum or the issuance of a security) in respect of Scheme Shares held by a particular Eligible Shareholder, which would otherwise be payable or required to be issued to that Eligible Shareholder by Allkem or Arcadium Lithium in accordance with this clause 4 (including in connection with any withholding or deduction under clauses 4.7(b)), then Allkem or Arcadium Lithium (as applicable) will be entitled to procure that provision of that consideration is made in accordance with that order or direction; or (ii) prevents Allkem or Arcadium Lithium from providing consideration to any particular Scheme Shareholder in accordance with this clause 4, or the payment or issuance of such consideration is otherwise prohibited by applicable law, Allkem or Arcadium Lithium (as applicable) will be entitled to: (A) in the case of any Ineligible Overseas Shareholder, retain an amount, in Australian dollars, equal to the relevant Ineligible Overseas Shareholder's share of any proceeds of sale received by Allkem pursuant to clause 4.4; and (B) not issue (or, in the case of Allkem, direct Arcadium Lithium not to issue), or issue (or, in the case of Allkem, direct Arcadium Lithium to issue) to a permitted trustee or nominee, such Scheme Consideration as that Scheme Shareholder would otherwise be entitled to under clause 4.3, until such time as provision of the consideration in accordance with this clause 4 is permitted by that (or another) order or direction or otherwise by law. (b) Arcadium Lithium and Allkem (as applicable) may deduct and withhold from any consideration that would otherwise be provided to a Scheme Shareholder in accordance with this clause 4, any amount that Arcadium Lithium or Allkem (as applicable) determines


 
is required to be deducted and withheld from that consideration under any applicable law, including any order, direction or notice made or given by a court of competent jurisdiction or by another Government Entity. (c) To the extent that amounts are so deducted or withheld, such deducted or withheld amounts will be treated for all purposes under this Scheme as having been paid to the person in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made, provided that such deducted or withheld amounts are actually remitted to the appropriate taxing agency. (d) To avoid doubt, any payment or retention by Allkem or Arcadium Lithium (as applicable) under clauses 4.7(a), 4.7(b) and 4.7(c) will constitute the full discharge of Arcadium Lithium’s obligations under clause 4.3 with respect to the amount so paid or retained until, in the case of clause 4.7(a)(ii), the amount is no longer required to be retained. 4.8 Consideration Shares to rank equally Arcadium Lithium covenants in favour of Allkem (in its own right and on behalf of each Eligible Shareholder and each Ineligible Overseas Shareholder) that: (a) the Consideration Shares to be issued (including the Arcadium Lithium Shares underlying the Consideration CDIs) as the Scheme Consideration will, on issue: (i) be duly issued and fully paid in accordance with applicable laws and the memorandum and articles of association of Arcadium Lithium; (ii) be free from any Encumbrances, pledges and interests of third parties of any kind, whether legal or otherwise, or restriction on transfer of any kind, other than as provided for in the memorandum and articles of association of Arcadium Lithium or as required under applicable law; and (iii) rank equally in all respects, including for future dividends, with all existing Arcadium Lithium Shares then on issue; and (b) it will apply for, or has applied for: (i) the listing of the Consideration Shares on the NYSE, subject to official notice of issuance; (ii) admission of Arcadium Lithium to the official list of ASX (as a foreign exempt listing) commencing on the Business Day following the Scheme Effective Date; and (iii) official quotation of the Consideration CDIs on ASX, subject to customary conditions, commencing: (A) on the Business Day following the Scheme Effective Date (or such later day as ASX may require) until the Scheme Implementation Date, on a deferred settlement basis; and (B) on the Business Day following the Scheme Implementation Date, on an ordinary (T+2) basis. 4.9 Unclaimed monies (a) Allkem may cancel a cheque issued under clause 4.4(j)(iii) if the cheque: (i) is returned to Allkem; or


 
(ii) has not been presented for payment within 6 months after the date on which the cheque was sent. (b) During the period of 12 months commencing on the Scheme Implementation Date, on request in writing from a Scheme Shareholder to Allkem (or the Allkem Share Registry) (which request may not be made until the date that is 20 Business Days after the Scheme Implementation Date), Allkem must reissue a cheque that was previously cancelled under clause 4.9(a). (c) The Unclaimed Money Act will apply in relation to any Scheme Consideration that becomes "unclaimed money" (as defined in section 6 of the Unclaimed Money Act). 4.10 Title to and rights in Scheme Shares (a) Immediately upon the provision of the Scheme Consideration to each Eligible Shareholder in accordance with this clause 4, Arcadium Lithium will be beneficially entitled to the Scheme Shares transferred to it under this Scheme pending registration by Allkem of the name and address of Arcadium Lithium in the Allkem Share Register as the holder of the Scheme Shares. (b) To the extent permitted by law, the Scheme Shares (including all rights and entitlements attaching to the Scheme Shares) transferred under this Scheme to Arcadium Lithium will, at the time of transfer to Arcadium Lithium, vest in Arcadium Lithium free from all: (i) Encumbrances, pledges and interests of third parties of any kind, whether legal or otherwise; and (ii) restrictions on transfer of any kind. (c) To avoid doubt, notwithstanding clause 4.10(a), to the extent that clause 4.7(a) applies to any Eligible Shareholder, Arcadium Lithium will be beneficially entitled to any Scheme Shares held by that Eligible Shareholder immediately upon compliance with clause 4.7 on the Scheme Implementation Date as if Arcadium Lithium had provided the Scheme Consideration to that Eligible Shareholder. 5 DEALINGS IN ALLKEM SHARES 5.1 Allkem Share dealings that are recognised To establish the identity of the Scheme Shareholders, dealings in Allkem Shares (or other alterations to the Allkem Share Register) will be recognised only if: (a) in the case of dealings of the type to be effected using CHESS, the transferee is registered in the Allkem Share Register as the holder of the relevant Allkem Shares as at the Scheme Record Date; and (b) in all other cases, registrable transfers or transmission applications in respect of those dealings, or valid requests in respect of other alternations, are received by the Allkem Share Registry at or before the Scheme Record Date, and Allkem must not accept for registration, nor recognise for any purpose (except a transfer to Arcadium Lithium pursuant to this Scheme and any subsequent transfer by Arcadium Lithium or its successors in title, or a transfer in accordance with clause 4.4(c) to the Sale Nominee), any transfer or transmission application or other request in respect of Allkem Shares received after the Scheme Record Date, or received prior to the Scheme Record Date but not in registrable or actionable form.


 
5.2 Allkem to register transfer and transmission applications Allkem must register registrable transfers and transmission applications of the kind referred to in clause 5.1(b) by the Scheme Record Date, provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this clause 5.2 requires Allkem to register a transfer that would result in an Allkem Shareholder holding a parcel of Allkem Shares that is less than a "marketable parcel" (within the meaning given to that term in the operating rules of ASX). 5.3 Transfers received after Scheme Record Date not recognised If this Scheme becomes Effective, each Scheme Shareholder (and any person claiming through any Scheme Shareholder) must not dispose of or transfer, or purport or agree to dispose of or transfer, any Scheme Share or any interest in them after the Scheme Record Date, other than pursuant to this Scheme (including as contemplated in clause 4.4(c)), and any such disposal or transfer, purported disposal or transfer or attempted disposal or transfer will be void and of no legal effect whatsoever and Allkem must disregard any disposal, transfer or transmission application in respect of Scheme Shares received after the Scheme Record Date (to avoid doubt, except for pursuant to the Ineligible Share Transfer contemplated by clause 4.4(c)). 5.4 Allkem to maintain Allkem Share Register to determine entitlements (a) In order to determine entitlements to the Scheme Consideration, Allkem must maintain, or procure the maintenance of, the Allkem Share Register in accordance with this clause 5 until the Scheme Consideration has been paid to Scheme Shareholders and Arcadium Lithium has been entered into the Allkem Share Register as the holder of the Scheme Shares. (b) The Allkem Share Register in this form will solely determine entitlements to the Scheme Consideration. 5.5 Holding statements no effect from Scheme Record Date (a) All holding statements for Allkem Shares (other than any holding statements (1) in favour of the Sale Nominee with respect to the Ineligible Shares or (2) in favour of Arcadium Lithium) will cease to have effect as documents of title (or evidence thereof) after the Scheme Record Date. (b) Each entry on the Allkem Share Register at and from the Scheme Record Date (other than those entries in respect of Arcadium Lithium or a transfer in accordance with clause 4.4(c) to the Sale Nominee) will cease to have any effect other than as evidence of an entitlement to the Scheme Consideration in respect of the Scheme Shares relating to that entry. 5.6 Allkem to provide contact information for Scheme Shareholders Allkem must ensure that, as soon as practicable after the Scheme Record Date (and in any event by 8.00 am on the day that is two Business Days after the Scheme Record Date), Arcadium Lithium is given details of the name, Registered Address and holding of Allkem Shares of each Eligible Shareholder in the form Arcadium Lithium reasonably requires. 5.7 Suspension of trading Allkem will apply: (a) to ASX, to suspend trading of Allkem Shares on ASX with effect from the close of trading on the Scheme Effective Date; and


 
(b) to TSX, to suspend trading of Allkem Shares on TSX with effect from 4.00pm (Toronto time) on the Scheme Effective Date. 5.8 Termination of official quotation Allkem will apply: (a) to ASX, for: (i) removal of Allkem from the official list of ASX; and (ii) termination of the official quotation of Allkem Shares on ASX; with effect on and from the close of trading on the trading day immediately following the Scheme Implementation Date, or such other date as Livent and Allkem may agree, acting reasonably, following consultation with ASX; and (b) to TSX, for the delisting of Allkem from TSX with effect on or about the close of trading (Toronto time) on the trading day immediately following the Scheme Implementation Date, or such other date as Livent and Allkem may agree, acting reasonably, following consultation with TSX. 6 GENERAL PROVISIONS 6.1 Allkem giving effect to the Scheme Allkem must do all things (including executing all documents), and must ensure that its employees and agents do all things (including executing all documents), that are necessary or desirable to give full effect to the Scheme and the transactions contemplated by it. 6.2 Scheme Shareholders' agreements and consents Each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee irrevocably: (a) agrees for all purposes to: (i) in the case of Ineligible Overseas Shareholders, the transfer of their Ineligible Shares to the Sale Nominee; (ii) in the case of Eligible Shareholders: (A) become a member of Arcadium Lithium; (B) in the case of Eligible Shareholders who are issued Consideration CDIs pursuant to this Scheme, to have their name entered in the records maintained by CDN or its custodian (as applicable), or both, as the holder of CDIs; (C) in the case of Eligible Shareholders who are issued Consideration Shares pursuant to this Scheme, to have their name registered in the Arcadium Lithium Share Register as a holder of Arcadium Lithium Shares; and (D) be bound by the memorandum of association and articles of association of Arcadium Lithium; and (iii) in the case of Eligible Shareholders, the transfer of their Scheme Shares, together with all rights and entitlements attaching to those Scheme Shares, to Arcadium Lithium, in each case, in accordance with this Scheme;


 
(b) agrees for all purposes and to the extent permitted by law, that all instructions, notifications or elections made by the Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee to Allkem (binding or deemed to be binding between the Scheme Shareholder and Allkem) relating to Allkem or its securities (except for tax file numbers), including instructions, notifications or elections relating to: (i) whether distributions or dividends are to be paid by cheque or into a specific account; and (ii) notices or other communications from Allkem, will, except to the extent determined otherwise by Arcadium Lithium in its sole discretion, be deemed from the Scheme Implementation Date to be a binding instruction, notification or election (as applicable) made by the Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee (as applicable) to Arcadium Lithium in respect of any Arcadium Lithium Shares provided to the Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee (as applicable), until and unless that deemed instruction, notification or election is revoked or amended by the Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee giving written notice to Arcadium Lithium share registry; (c) agrees to the variation, cancellation or modification of the rights attached to their Scheme Shares constituted by or resulting from, and in accordance with, this Scheme; (d) acknowledges that this Scheme binds Allkem, all Scheme Shareholders (including those who did not attend the Scheme Meeting and those who did not vote, or voted against this Scheme, at the Scheme Meeting) and the Sale Nominee; (e) consents to Allkem, Arcadium Lithium and Livent doing all things (including executing all deeds, instruments, transfers or other documents) as may be necessary or desirable to give full effect to this Scheme and the transactions contemplated by it; and (f) acknowledges and agrees that Allkem, as agent of each Scheme Shareholder and of the Sale Nominee, may sub–delegate its functions under this Scheme to any of its directors and officers, jointly and severally, in each case, without the need for any further act by the Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee (as applicable). 6.3 Scheme Shareholders' warranties (a) Each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee is taken to have warranted to Allkem and Arcadium Lithium (and, in the case of an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder, to the Sale Nominee), and to have appointed and authorised Allkem as its attorney and agent to warrant to Arcadium Lithium (and, in the case of an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder, to the Sale Nominee), that: (i) all their Allkem Shares (including any rights and entitlements attaching to their Allkem Shares) that are transferred under this Scheme will, at the time of their transfer, be fully paid and free from all: (A) Encumbrances, pledges and interests of third parties of any kind, whether legal or otherwise; and (B) restrictions on transfer of any kind; (ii) they have full power and capacity to transfer their Allkem Shares to Arcadium Lithium (or, in the case of Ineligible Overseas Shareholders, to the Sale Nominee),


 
together with any rights and entitlements attaching to those Allkem Shares, under this Scheme; and (iii) as at the Scheme Record Date, they have no existing right to be issued any other Allkem Shares or any other form of securities in Allkem. (b) Allkem undertakes in favour of each Scheme Shareholder (and, in the case of an Ineligible Overseas Shareholder, for the Sale Nominee) that it will provide such warranty to Arcadium Lithium as agent and attorney of each Scheme Shareholder. 6.4 Appointment of Allkem as attorney of Scheme Shareholders and Sale Nominee On and from the Scheme Effective Date, each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee, without the need for any further act, irrevocably appoint Allkem and each of its directors and officers, jointly and severally, as its attorney and agent to: (a) execute any document or do any other act necessary, expedient or incidental to give full effect to this Scheme and the transactions contemplated by it, including: (i) as attorney and agent for Eligible Shareholders (including the Sale Nominee), executing and delivering the Scheme Transfer under clause 3.2 and; (ii) as attorney and agent for Ineligible Overseas Shareholders, executing and delivering the Ineligible Share Transfer under clause 4.4; and (b) enforce the Deed Poll against Arcadium Lithium, and Allkem accepts such appointment in respect of itself and on behalf of each of its directors and officers. 6.5 Appointment of Arcadium Lithium as agent, attorney and sole proxy in respect of Scheme Shares Immediately upon the provision of the Scheme Consideration to each Eligible Shareholder, until Arcadium Lithium is registered as the holder of all Scheme Shares in the Allkem Share Register, each Eligible Shareholder: (a) irrevocably appoints Arcadium Lithium as its attorney and agent (and directs Arcadium Lithium as its attorney and agent to appoint any of the directors and officers of Arcadium Lithium as its sole proxy and, where applicable, corporate representative, of that Eligible Shareholder) to: (i) attend shareholders' meetings of Allkem; (ii) exercise the votes attaching to the Scheme Shares registered in the name of the Eligible Shareholder; and (iii) sign any Allkem Shareholders' resolution (whether in person, by proxy or by corporate representative); (b) must take all other action in the capacity of a registered holder of Scheme Shares as Arcadium Lithium reasonably directs; (c) undertake not to attend or vote at any shareholders' meetings of Allkem or sign any Allkem Shareholders' resolution (whether in person, by proxy or by corporate representative) other than pursuant to clause 6.5(a); and


 
(d) acknowledges and agrees that in exercising the powers conferred by clause 6.5(a), Arcadium Lithium and any director, officer or agent nominated by Arcadium Lithium may act in the best interests of Arcadium Lithium as the intended registered holder of the Scheme Shares. 6.6 Binding effect of Scheme (a) This Scheme binds Allkem, all of the Scheme Shareholders (including those who did not attend the Scheme Meeting and those who did not vote, or voted against this Scheme, at the Scheme Meeting) and the Sale Nominee and, to the extent of any inconsistency, overrides the constitution of Allkem. (b) Any covenant from any Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee in favour of Arcadium Lithium or any obligation owed by any Scheme Shareholder or the Sale Nominee to Arcadium Lithium will be enforceable by Arcadium Lithium against such person directly and, to the extent necessary, may enforce such rights through Allkem as party to the Scheme. 6.7 No liability when acting in good faith Neither Allkem nor Arcadium Lithium, nor any of their respective directors, officers, secretaries or employees will be liable under the Scheme or the Deed Poll for anything done or omitted to be done in good faith in the performance of this Scheme or the Deed Poll. 6.8 Deed Poll Allkem undertakes in favour of each Scheme Shareholder and in favour of the Sale Nominee to enforce the Deed Poll against Arcadium Lithium for and on behalf of each Scheme Shareholder and the Sale Nominee. 6.9 Notices (a) Where a notice, transfer, transmission application, direction or other communication referred to in this Scheme is sent by post to Allkem, it will be deemed to be received on the date (if any) on which it is actually received at Allkem's registered office or at the Allkem Share Registry and on no other date. (b) The accidental omission to give notice of the Scheme Meeting or the non-receipt of such notice by an Allkem Shareholder will not, unless so ordered by the Court, invalidate the Scheme Meeting or the proceedings of the Scheme Meeting. 6.10 Stamp duty Arcadium Lithium will pay all stamp duty (if any) and any related interest, fines, fees and penalties payable on, or in connection with, the transfer of the Ineligible Shares to the Sale Nominee and of the Scheme Shares to Arcadium Lithium pursuant to this Scheme. 6.11 Governing law (a) This Scheme and any dispute arising out of or in connection with the subject matter of this Scheme is governed by the laws of Western Australia. (b) Each party irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of the Federal Court of Australia (Western Australian registry) and of the courts competent to determine appeals from that court with respect to any proceedings that may be brought at any time arising out of or in connection with the subject matter of this Scheme. Each party irrevocably waives any objection to the


 
venue of any legal process in these courts on the basis that the process has been brought in any inconvenient forum.


 

Exhibit 31.1
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Paul W. Graves, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Livent Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 9, 2023

/s/ Paul W. Graves
Paul W. Graves
President and Chief Executive Officer
 


Exhibit 31.2
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Gilberto Antoniazzi, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Livent Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 

Date: November 9, 2023
 
/s/ Gilberto Antoniazzi
Gilberto Antoniazzi
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 



 Exhibit 32.1
CEO CERTIFICATION OF QUARTERLY REPORT
I, Paul W. Graves, President and Chief Executive Officer of Livent Corporation (“the Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, based on my knowledge that:
(1)the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: November 9, 2023

/s/ Paul W. Graves
Paul W. Graves
President and Chief Executive Officer
 


 Exhibit 32.2
CFO CERTIFICATION OF QUARTERLY REPORT
I, Gilberto Antoniazzi, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Livent Corporation (“the Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, based on my knowledge that:
(1)the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: November 9, 2023
 
/s/ Gilberto Antoniazzi
Gilberto Antoniazzi
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer