false2020FY0001801754us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201409MemberP3YoneoneP3YP12M.3300018017542020-01-012020-12-31iso4217:USD00018017542020-06-30xbrli:shares00018017542021-03-190001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember2020-01-012020-12-3100018017542020-12-3100018017542019-12-310001801754us-gaap:PreferredStockMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:PreferredStockMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2019-12-31iso4217:USDxbrli:shares00018017542019-01-012019-12-3100018017542018-01-012018-12-3100018017542017-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassANonVotingMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBVotingMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBNonVotingMember2017-12-310001801754tig:ClassCNonVotingMemberus-gaap:CommonStockMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2017-12-310001801754tig:ClassCNonVotingMemberus-gaap:CommonStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMemberus-gaap:SeriesAPreferredStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:SeriesAPreferredStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMemberus-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2018-01-012018-12-3100018017542018-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassANonVotingMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBVotingMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBNonVotingMember2018-12-310001801754tig:ClassCNonVotingMemberus-gaap:CommonStockMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMembersrt:CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAdjustmentMember2018-12-310001801754srt:CumulativeEffectPeriodOfAdoptionAdjustmentMember2018-12-310001801754tig:ClassCNonVotingMemberus-gaap:CommonStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMemberus-gaap:SeriesAPreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:SeriesAPreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMemberus-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassANonVotingMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBVotingMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBNonVotingMember2019-12-310001801754tig:ClassCNonVotingMemberus-gaap:CommonStockMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2019-12-310001801754tig:ClassCNonVotingMemberus-gaap:CommonStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMemberus-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassANonVotingMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBVotingMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBNonVotingMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMemberus-gaap:IPOMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMemberus-gaap:IPOMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:IPOMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassANonVotingMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBVotingMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:ClassBNonVotingMember2020-12-310001801754tig:ClassCNonVotingMemberus-gaap:CommonStockMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201602Member2020-01-010001801754srt:ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754srt:RevisionOfPriorPeriodAccountingStandardsUpdateAdjustmentMemberus-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member2019-01-012019-12-310001801754srt:ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember2019-12-310001801754srt:RevisionOfPriorPeriodAccountingStandardsUpdateAdjustmentMemberus-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member2019-12-310001801754srt:ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember2018-12-310001801754srt:RevisionOfPriorPeriodAccountingStandardsUpdateAdjustmentMemberus-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:PremiumsReceivableMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:PremiumsReceivableMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:NotesReceivableMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:NotesReceivableMember2019-12-310001801754srt:MinimumMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754srt:MaximumMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ComputerEquipmentMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:CAus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:CAus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754stpr:CAus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754stpr:MIus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:MIus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754stpr:MIus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754stpr:TXus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:AZus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:AZus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754stpr:AZus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberstpr:ALus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberstpr:ALus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberstpr:ALus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754stpr:MSus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:MSus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754stpr:MSus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754stpr:GAus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberstpr:TNus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberstpr:TNus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberstpr:TNus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754stpr:NVus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:NVus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754stpr:NVus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberstpr:PAus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:OtherGeographicalAreasMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:OtherGeographicalAreasMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:OtherGeographicalAreasMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMember2018-01-012018-12-31xbrli:pure0001801754us-gaap:ProductConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:PublicUtilityBondsMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ProductConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ProductConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:PublicUtilityBondsMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ProductConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:AssetsTotalMembertig:EquityMethodInvestments1Membertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherAssetsMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember2019-12-3100018017542020-07-15tig:segment0001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-10-010001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-10-012020-10-010001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:TradeNamesMembertig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-10-012020-10-010001801754us-gaap:TradeNamesMembertig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-10-010001801754us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMembertig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-10-012020-10-010001801754us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMembertig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-10-010001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-150001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-152020-07-150001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-150001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-140001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-152020-07-150001801754us-gaap:TradeNamesMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-152020-07-150001801754us-gaap:TradeNamesMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-150001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMemberus-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2020-07-152020-07-150001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMemberus-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2020-07-150001801754tig:LCTARiskServicesInc.Member2020-04-010001801754tig:LCTARiskServicesInc.Member2020-04-012020-04-010001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMember2019-03-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMember2019-03-312019-03-310001801754tig:FirstChoiceCasualtyInsuranceCompanyMember2019-02-190001801754tig:FirstChoiceCasualtyInsuranceCompanyMember2019-02-192019-02-190001801754tig:WestcapInsuranceServicesLLCMember2018-04-020001801754tig:WestcapInsuranceServicesLLCMember2018-04-022018-04-020001801754tig:CTSUnderwritersLLCMember2018-12-122018-12-120001801754tig:CTSUnderwritersLLCMember2018-12-120001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754tig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membertig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Membertig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754tig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Membertig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membertig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Membertig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754tig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Membertig:HybridSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membertig:HybridSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Membertig:HybridSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754tig:HybridSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:PreferredStockMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:PreferredStockMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:PreferredStockMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2020-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2020-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2020-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:USGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ForeignGovernmentDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membertig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Membertig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:StatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754tig:PoliticalSubdivisionsOfStatesTerritoriesAndPossessionsDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754tig:SpecialRevenueAndSpecialAssessmentObligationsDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Membertig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membertig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Membertig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:IndustrialAndPublicUtilitiesDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Membertig:HybridSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membertig:HybridSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Membertig:HybridSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:HybridSecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:PreferredStockMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:PreferredStockMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:PreferredStockMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754tig:AvailableForSaleAndEquitySecuritiesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:PreferredStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:PreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FixedMaturitiesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FixedMaturitiesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FixedMaturitiesMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:PreferredStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:PreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:PreferredStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:CommonStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortTermInvestmentsMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortTermInvestmentsMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortTermInvestmentsMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-07-140001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2019-12-310001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:TreanIntermediariesMember2020-01-030001801754tig:TreanIntermediariesMember2020-01-020001801754tig:TreanIntermediariesMember2020-01-032020-01-030001801754tig:TreanIntermediariesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:TreanIntermediariesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:TreanIntermediariesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:TreanIntermediariesMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:StopLossMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:StopLossMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentNonconsolidatedInvesteeOrGroupOfInvesteesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentNonconsolidatedInvesteeOrGroupOfInvesteesMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentNonconsolidatedInvesteeOrGroupOfInvesteesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentNonconsolidatedInvesteeOrGroupOfInvesteesMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityNotPrimaryBeneficiaryMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:LandMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:LandMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherTypesMember2019-12-310001801754tig:DepositsOnFixedAssetsNotPlacedInServiceMember2020-12-310001801754tig:DepositsOnFixedAssetsNotPlacedInServiceMember2019-12-31tig:building00018017542018-10-1500018017542018-10-152018-10-150001801754srt:MinimumMemberus-gaap:NoncompeteAgreementsMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754srt:MaximumMemberus-gaap:NoncompeteAgreementsMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:NoncompeteAgreementsMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:NoncompeteAgreementsMember2019-12-310001801754srt:MinimumMemberus-gaap:TradeNamesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:TradeNamesMembersrt:MaximumMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:TradeNamesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:TradeNamesMember2019-12-310001801754srt:MinimumMemberus-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMembersrt:MaximumMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2020-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMember2020-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMembertig:PreferredCapitalSecuritiesMember2006-06-212006-06-210001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMemberus-gaap:OtherInvestmentsMember2006-06-212006-06-210001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2006-06-210001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2020-10-072020-10-070001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMembertig:PreferredCapitalSecuritiesMember2011-07-072011-07-070001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember2019-12-312019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember2018-12-312018-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember2011-07-072020-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMembertig:PreferredCapitalSecuritiesMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:JuniorSubordinatedDebtMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMembertig:TermLoanMember2018-04-030001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2018-04-030001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2020-06-162020-06-160001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2020-06-160001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2020-12-312020-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2019-12-312019-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2018-12-312018-12-310001801754srt:MinimumMembertig:SecuredCreditFacilityMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754srt:MaximumMembertig:SecuredCreditFacilityMembertig:SecondAmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:SecuredCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:OakStreetLoanMember2020-12-310001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMembertig:FederalPaycheckProtectionProgramLoanPPPLoanCARESActMember2020-07-150001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMembertig:FederalPaycheckProtectionProgramLoanPPPLoanCARESActMember2020-10-010001801754tig:BrokerageMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:BrokerageMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:ManagingGeneralAgentFeesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:ManagingGeneralAgentFeesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:ThirdPartyAdministratorFeesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:ThirdPartyAdministratorFeesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:ConsultingFeesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:ConsultingFeesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:DomesticCountryMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:DomesticCountryMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:LifeAndAnnuityInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2011-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-31tig:claim0001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2020Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754tig:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYearsPriorTo2011Memberus-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2011-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2020Memberus-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMembertig:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYearsPriorTo2011Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2011-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMemberus-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2020Memberus-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMembertig:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYearsPriorTo2011Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2011-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2011Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2012-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2012Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2013-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2013Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Member2014-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2014Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2015-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2015Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2016-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortdurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2016Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2017-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2017Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Member2018-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYear2018Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Member2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2019Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShortDurationInsuranceContractAccidentYear2020Member2020-12-310001801754tig:ShortDurationInsuranceContractsAccidentYearsPriorTo2011Member2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:WorkersCompensationInsuranceMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherShortdurationInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:OtherInsuranceProductLineMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMemberus-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMemberus-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMembertig:TrustFundsMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMembertig:TrustFundsMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMembertig:FundsHeldMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMembertig:FundsHeldMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableForPaidAndUnpaidClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentsMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskSecuredMember2019-12-310001801754tig:ArchReinsCoMemberus-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskUnsecuredMember2020-12-310001801754tig:ArchReinsCoMemberus-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskUnsecuredMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableMembertig:MarkelGlobalReinsCoMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskUnsecuredMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ReinsuranceRecoverableMembertig:MarkelGlobalReinsCoMemberus-gaap:CededCreditRiskUnsecuredMember2019-12-310001801754srt:MinimumMember2020-12-310001801754srt:MaximumMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:IPOMember2020-07-202020-07-200001801754tig:IPOSharesIssuedAndSoldByTreanCorporationMember2020-07-202020-07-200001801754tig:IPOSharesSoldBySellingStockholdersMember2020-07-202020-07-200001801754tig:IPOSharesSoldBySellingStockholdersMember2020-07-222020-07-220001801754us-gaap:IPOMember2020-07-2000018017542020-07-202020-07-200001801754us-gaap:OtherExpenseMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-202020-07-200001801754tig:SeriesARedeemablePreferredStockMember2020-12-310001801754tig:SeriesARedeemablePreferredStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:SeriesBRedeemablePreferredStockMember2020-12-310001801754tig:SeriesBRedeemablePreferredStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:SeriesARedeemablePreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:SeriesBRedeemablePreferredStockMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:SeriesARedeemablePreferredStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:SeriesBRedeemablePreferredStockMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754us-gaap:EmployeeStockMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754us-gaap:AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:A2020OmnibusIncentivePlanMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2020-10-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMemberus-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2019-12-310001801754us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2020-12-310001801754us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2020-12-312020-12-3100018017542020-12-312020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2020-10-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMemberus-gaap:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMemberus-gaap:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:BenchmarkHoldingCompanyMember2020-12-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMember2020-12-310001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-12-310001801754tig:BenchmarkHoldingCompanyMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:BenchmarkHoldingCompanyMember2019-12-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMember2019-12-310001801754tig:BenchmarkHoldingCompanyMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754stpr:KStig:BenchmarkHoldingCompanyMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754stpr:KStig:BenchmarkHoldingCompanyMember2020-12-310001801754stpr:KStig:BenchmarkHoldingCompanyMember2019-12-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMemberstpr:UT2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMemberstpr:UT2020-12-310001801754tig:AmericanLibertyInsuranceCompanyMemberstpr:UT2019-12-310001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMemberstpr:SC2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:A7710InsuranceCompanyMemberstpr:SC2020-12-310001801754tig:First5OfCompensationMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:SafeHarborPlanMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:OutstandingCommonStockOwned35OrMoreMembersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-15tig:individual0001801754srt:MinimumMembertig:OutstandingCommonStockOwned20OrMoreButLessThan35Membersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-150001801754srt:MaximumMembertig:OutstandingCommonStockOwned20OrMoreButLessThan35Membersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-150001801754tig:OutstandingCommonStockOwned20OrMoreButLessThan35Membersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-150001801754srt:MinimumMembertig:OutstandingCommonStockOwned10OrMoreButLessThan20Membersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-150001801754tig:OutstandingCommonStockOwned10OrMoreButLessThan20Membersrt:MaximumMembersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-150001801754tig:OutstandingCommonStockOwned10OrMoreButLessThan20Membersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-07-150001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMembertig:ManagementFeesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMembertig:ManagementFeesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMembertig:ManagementFeesMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:TerminationFeeMembersrt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:AltarisCapitalPartnersLLCMember2019-12-310001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:TreanIntermediariesMember2019-12-310001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:TreanIntermediariesMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:TreanIntermediariesMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754srt:AffiliatedEntityMembertig:TreanIntermediariesMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2020-12-310001801754tig:ProgramManagerAgreementMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMembersrt:AffiliatedEntityMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754tig:ProgramManagerAgreementMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMembersrt:AffiliatedEntityMember2019-01-012019-12-310001801754tig:ProgramManagerAgreementMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMembersrt:AffiliatedEntityMember2018-01-012018-12-310001801754tig:ProgramManagerAgreementMembertig:CompstarHoldingCompanyLLCMember2019-12-310001801754srt:ParentCompanyMember2020-12-310001801754srt:ParentCompanyMember2020-01-012020-12-310001801754srt:ParentCompanyMember2019-12-31
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
OR
☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___________ to ___________
Commission file number: 001-39392
TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware   84-4512647
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
150 Lake Street West
Wayzata, MN 55391
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
 (952) 974-2200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share TIG The Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☐    No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ☐    No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒    No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☒    No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.    ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes ☐    No ☒ 
The registrant was not a public company as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter and, therefore, cannot calculate the aggregate market value of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of such date.
As of March 19, 2021, there were 51,148,782 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Table of Contents
TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
3
6
27
48
48
48
48
49
50
51
70
73
127
127
127
128
128
128
128
128
129
130
131

2

Table of Contents
Forward-looking statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward‑looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward‑looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward‑looking statements because they contain words such as "may", "will", "should", "expects", "plans", "anticipates", "could", "intends", "target", "projects", "contemplates", "believes", "estimates", "predicts", "would", "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. These forward‑looking statements include, among others, statements relating to our future financial performance, our business prospects and strategy, anticipated financial position, liquidity and capital needs and other similar matters. These forward‑looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict.

The outcome of the events described in these forward‑looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors, which in many cases are beyond our control, as described "Item 1A — Risk Factors", and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our statements reflecting these risks and uncertainties are not exhaustive, and other risks and uncertainties may currently exist or may arise in future that could have material effects on our business, operations and financial condition. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward‑looking statements reflected in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other public statements and securities filings will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward‑looking statements.

You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and have filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we currently expect. We qualify all of our forward‑looking statements by these cautionary statements.

The forward‑looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speak only as of the date on which such statements are made. We undertake no obligation, and do not intend, to update any forward‑looking statements after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to conform such statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by applicable law.

3

Table of Contents
Summary risk factors
Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward‑looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as a result of various factors. Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in "Item 1A — Risk Factors". These risks include the following:

Risks related to COVID-19:
We may experience disruptions related to COVID-19, including economic impacts of the COVID-19-related governmental actions;
Risks related to our business and industry:
Our Program Partners or our Owned MGAs may fail to properly market, underwrite or administer policies;
We depend on a limited number of Program Partners for a substantial portion of our gross written premiums;
Our business is subject to significant geographic concentration;
We may suffer a downgrade in the A.M. Best financial strength ratings of our insurance company subsidiaries;
We may be unable to accurately underwrite risks and charge competitive yet profitable rates to our clients and policyholders;
Renewals of our existing contracts may not meet expectations;
We may change our underwriting guidelines or our strategy without stockholder approval;
We may act based on inaccurate or incomplete information regarding the accounts we underwrite;
Our employees could take excessive risks;
We may be unable to access the capital markets when needed;
Adverse economic factors, including recession, inflation, periods of high unemployment or lower economic activity could result in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in frequency or severity of claims and premium;
Negative developments in the workers’ compensation insurance industry could adversely affect our results;
The insurance industry is cyclical in nature;
Our failure to accurately and timely pay claims could harm our business;
The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on our business are uncertain;
Our risk management policies and procedures may prove to be ineffective;
If we are unable to obtain reinsurance coverage at reasonable prices or on terms that adequately protect us, we may be required to bear increased risks or reduce the level of our underwriting commitments;
We are subject to reinsurance counterparty credit risk. Our reinsurers may not pay on losses in a timely fashion, or at all;
Some of our issuing carrier arrangements contain limits on the reinsurer's obligations to us;
Retention of business written by our Program Partners could expose us to potential losses;
Our loss reserves may be inadequate to cover our actual losses;
We may not be able to manage our growth effectively;
Our ability to grow our business will depend in part on the addition of new Program Partners, which may be unavailable;
We could be harmed by the loss of one or more key executives or by an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel;
Performance of our investment portfolio is subject to a variety of investment risks;
Any shift in our investment strategy could increase the risk exposure of our investment portfolio;
We could be forced to sell investments to meet our liquidity requirements;
We may face increased competition in our programs market;
We compete with a large number of companies in the insurance industry for underwriting premium;
Our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and FSRs are subject to the effects of natural and man-made catastrophic events;
Global climate change may in the future increase the frequency and severity of weather events and resulting losses;
Because our business depends on insurance brokers, we are exposed to certain risks arising out of our reliance on these distribution channels;
Our operating results have in the past varied from quarter to quarter and may not be indicative of our long-term prospects;
Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our intellectual property; proprietary technology platform and brand, or we may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights;
4

Table of Contents
Technology risks:
Technology breaches, failures or service interruptions of our or our business partners’ systems could harm our business and/or reputation;
We may be unable to maintain third-party software licenses or errors in the software;
Legal and regulatory risks:
We are subject to extensive regulation;
Regulators may challenge our use of fronting arrangements in states in which our Program Partners are not licensed.
Regulation may become more extensive in the future;
Increasing regulatory focus on privacy issues and expanding laws may impair our operations;
Our ability to receive dividends and permitted payments from our subsidiaries is subject to regulatory constraints;
We may have exposure to losses from acts of terrorism;
Assessments and premium surcharges may reduce our profitability;
Changes in federal, state or foreign tax laws could adversely affect our financial results or market conditions;
The discontinuance of LIBOR may adversely affect the value of certain investments we hold, assets and liabilities;
Risks related to our common stock:
Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance;
Our principal stockholders are able to exert significant influence over us and our corporate decisions;
As long as our principal stockholders own a majority of our common stock, we may rely on certain exemptions from the corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq available for "controlled companies;"
Our principal stockholders could sell their interests in us to a third party in a private transaction;
Sales or issuances of a substantial amount of shares of our common stock may cause the market price of our common stock to decline and make it more difficult for investors to sell;
We will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company;
We currently do not anticipate declaring or paying regular dividends on our common stock;
Provisions in our organizational documents, Delaware corporate law, state insurance laws and certain of our contractual agreements and compensation arrangements may prevent or delay an acquisition of us;
Our principal stockholders have no obligation to offer us corporate opportunities;
Risks related to our status as an emerging growth company:
We have elected to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements and other exemptions;
We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards;
General risk factors:
Changes in accounting practices and future pronouncements may materially affect our reported financial results;
If we are unable to achieve and maintain effective internal controls, our financial reporting could suffer;
The effects of litigation on our business are uncertain;
The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for certain disputes which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.


5

Table of Contents
PART I

Item 1. Business

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. ("we" or the "Company") is an established, growth-oriented company providing products and services to the specialty insurance market. Historically, we have focused on specialty casualty markets that we believe are underserved and where our expertise allows us to achieve higher rates, such as niche workers’ compensation markets and small- to mid-sized specialty casualty insurance programs. We underwrite specialty casualty insurance products through our Program Partners and Owned Managing General Agents ("MGAs"). We also provide our Program Partners with a variety of services including issuing carrier services, claims administration and reinsurance brokerage, from which we generate recurring fee-based revenues. We believe the business that we target is generally subject to less competition and has better pricing, which we believe allows us to generate higher risk-adjusted returns. We believe many of our target markets are experiencing strong secular tailwinds and consequently are growing more quickly than the broader market.

We believe that a number of differentiating factors have contributed to our ability to achieve results and growth that historically have outperformed the broader insurance industry. We believe our multi-service value proposition represents a competitive advantage in our target markets, drives deep integration with our Program Partners and allows us to generate more diversified revenue streams. We seek to carefully identify and select our Program Partners, ensure we have closely aligned interests, and grow and expand these relationships over time. We believe we have a competitive advantage in claims management for longer-tailed lines, specifically workers’ compensation, where our in-house capabilities and differentiated philosophy enable us to have lower claims costs and to settle claims more quickly than many of our competitors. Our business strategy is supported by robust controls surrounding program design and underwriting, ongoing monitoring, and reinsurance and collateral management as evidenced by our "A" (Excellent) financial strength rating, with a stable outlook, by A.M. Best Company ("A.M. Best"), a leading rating agency for the insurance industry. This rating is based on matters of concern to policyholders and is not designed or intended for use by investors in evaluating our securities. Our management team has decades of insurance industry experience across underwriting as well as program administration, reinsurance, claims and distribution.

The Company and its subsidiaries are licensed to write business across 49 states and the District of Columbia. We seek to write business in states through select distribution outlets with the potential for attractive underwriting margins, and focus on markets with higher than average premium growth trends. California, Michigan and Texas are our largest markets, representing approximately 42%, 9% and 6%, respectively, of our gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2020.

History

We were founded in 1996 as a reinsurance broker and MGA that targeted smaller, underserved insurance providers writing niche classes of business, predominantly workers’ compensation, accident and health, and medical professional liability.

In 2003, we purchased Benchmark Insurance Company ("Benchmark"), which was licensed in 41 states and the District of Columbia and provided us with an insurance carrier with a financial strength rating of "A-" from A.M. Best. Beginning in 2007, we successfully repositioned Benchmark as a specialty insurance carrier for select, high-performing small- to mid-sized Program Partners. Benchmark is now licensed in 49 states and has an "A" rating from A.M. Best.

In July 2015, we sold an equity stake of 36.4% to certain entities affiliated with Altaris Capital Partners, LLC, a private equity firm (collectively, the "Altaris Funds"). The Altaris Funds subsequently made additional equity investments and owned approximately 55% of our Company's outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2020.

We have historically made equity investments in or acquired long-term partners where we believe they can add substantial value to our business. In 2013, we acquired S&C Claims Services, which, prior to the acquisition, had been handling our workers’ compensation claims for over 10 years. In 2017, we acquired American Liberty Insurance Company ("ALIC"), a Utah-domiciled insurance company that was a former Program Partner and writes workers’ compensation insurance. ALIC is licensed or eligible to conduct insurance business, and therefore subject to regulation and supervision by insurance regulators, in 38 states and Washington D.C. In 2018, we acquired ownership interests in two additional Program Partners: (i) a 45% common equity ownership in Compstar Holding Company LLC, the parent company of Compstar Insurance Services, LLC, an MGA underwriting workers’ compensation insurance coverage for California contractors, and (ii) a 100% ownership of Westcap, an MGA underwriting general liability insurance coverages for California contractors. We had relationships of 11,
6

Table of Contents
12 and 12 years with ALIC, Compstar Insurance Services, LLC and Westcap, respectively, prior to these acquisitions. In 2020, we acquired: (i) the remaining equity interest in Compstar Holding Company LLC and (ii) a 100% ownership interest in 7710 Insurance Company ("7710"), a South Carolina-domiciled insurance company that was a former Program Partner and writes workers' compensation insurance, along with its associated program manager and agency. 7710 is licensed or eligible to conduct insurance business, and therefore subject to regulation and supervision by insurance regulators, in 9 states.

On July 20, 2020, we closed the sale of 10,714,286 shares of our common stock in our Initial Public Offering ("IPO"), comprised of 7,142,857 shares issued and sold by us and 3,571,429 shares sold by selling stockholders pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-239291), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 15, 2020. On July 22, 2020, we closed the sale of an additional 1,207,142 shares by certain selling stockholders in the IPO pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments. The IPO terminated upon completion of the sale of the above-referenced shares.

We received net proceeds from the sale of shares by us in the IPO of approximately $93.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7.5 million and offering expenses of $6.5 million. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. We used or are in the process of using the net proceeds from the sale of shares by us in the IPO to (i) redeem all $5.1 million aggregate liquidation preference of the Series B Nonconvertible Preferred Stock of our subsidiary Benchmark Holding Company, (ii) pay $7.7 million to redeem all outstanding Subordinated Notes, (iii) use $19.3 million to repay in full all outstanding term loan borrowings under the credit agreement with Oak Street Funding LLC, (iv) pay an aggregate one-time payment of approximately $7.6 million to Altaris Capital Partners, LLC in connection with the termination of our consulting and advisory agreements with Altaris Capital Partners, LLC and (v) pay an aggregate $3.1 million to certain pre-IPO unitholders and other employees in connection with the reorganization transactions and pursuant to the operating agreements for Trean Holdings LLC and BIC Holdings LLC. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including to support the growth of our business. There has been no material change in the anticipated use of proceeds from the IPO as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on July 17, 2020 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4).

Our structure

The chart below displays our corporate structure:

Trean Insurance Group, Inc.
Trean Compstar Holdings LLC Trean Corporation Benchmark Holding Company
Compstar Holding Company LLC Trean Reinsurance Services LLC Benchmark Administrators LLC Westcap Insurance Services LLC Benchmark Insurance Company American Liberty Insurance Company 7710 Insurance Company
Compstar Insurance Services LLC


Our competitive strengths

We believe that our competitive strengths include:

Expertise and focus in underserved specialty casualty insurance markets. We focus on select markets that we believe are underserved and where we can achieve higher rates, including niche workers’ compensation markets and small- to mid-sized
7

Table of Contents
specialty casualty insurance programs. We believe we have few competitors in our target markets due to the specialized knowledge, broad licensing and filing authority requirements, and complex operational systems necessary to profitably manage these traditionally longer-tailed lines of business. We believe that most other companies of our size and smaller do not possess these capabilities to the degree needed to be competitive with us, while most larger companies that do have the required expertise and capabilities in these areas tend not to participate in our target markets because their business models eschew the type of customized solutions that are needed when working with smaller, more entrepreneurial partners.

Multi-service value proposition for our partners. We believe that our focus on the needs of smaller accounts and the breadth of products and services we offer allow us to better serve the needs of our Program Partners and provide us with greater revenue and profit opportunities. We offer our Program Partners reinsurance brokerage, claims administration, underwriting capacity and, in particular, access to our A.M. Best "A" financial strength rating through issuing carrier services. Our ability to leverage our licenses across multiple products in 49 states and the District of Columbia allows us to provide a national multi-service solution for our Program Partners. Our multi-service offering enables us to develop deep relationships with our Program Partners.

Long-term, carefully selected and aligned relationships with Program Partners. We carefully select the Program Partners we choose to do business with, and design our programs to align risks between parties. We select programs with the intention of building long-term relationships, where our business philosophies align and our Program Partners can grow alongside us. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Program Partners and Owned MGAs that have been with us for more than 10 years represented 54% and 62% of our gross written premiums, respectively. Our management team carefully evaluates potential new programs in conjunction with our underwriting and actuarial departments. We accept only programs that meet our stringent underwriting and actuarial requirements, and decline approximately 89% of the new opportunities that we evaluate. For every Program Partner we select, we work with them to appropriately align interests and to establish rigorous ongoing reporting and auditing requirements upfront.

Differentiated in-house claims management. We believe that proactively managing our claims, while also accurately setting reserves, is a key aspect of keeping our losses low. In our workers’ compensation business, our claims philosophy is to provide an injured employee high-quality medical care as quickly as possible in order to reduce pain, accelerate healing, and lead to a faster and more complete recovery.

Once an injured employee has healed, we aim to fully settle the claim and obtain a full and complete release of the claim at the earliest opportunity. In California, for the claim year ended December 31, 2019, valued as of December 31, 2020, our average medical cost for the workers' compensation market was $9,860 per claim compared to the California workers' compensation industry average of $28,686, as reported by the Workers' Compensation Insurance Rating Bureau ("WCIRB") at September 30, 2020. For the claim year ended December 31, 2019, we also closed 67% of our workers' compensation claims in California within the calendar year following the accident year, compared with the industry average of 38%, as reported by the WCIRB at September 30, 2020. To provide our policyholders these processing results, we currently average 85 open claims per claims adjuster. In comparison, the 2019 Workers’ Compensation Benchmarking Study by Rising Medical Solutions found that 71% of third-party administrators ("TPAs") had over 100 open claims per claims adjuster.

Significant fee-based income. Our business model generates significant fee-based income from multiple sources including issuing carrier services, claims administration and reinsurance brokerage. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, our fee-based income accounted for approximately 6.0%, 8.9% and 10.0% of total revenue, respectively. All of our fee-based income accrues outside of our regulated insurance companies, which we believe enhances our organization’s financial flexibility and increases the visibility of our earnings. Within our insurance companies, we cede a significant portion of the risk we originate to our reinsurance partners. These agreements enable us to maintain broader relationships with our Program Partners than our current capital base would otherwise enable. We believe that our strategy has allowed us to scale our business and provides a consistent fee-based income stream to complement our profitable underwriting business, thus providing us with greater revenue opportunities from our Program Partners than we would be able to access in a traditional insurance underwriter model.

Disciplined risk management across our organization. Our disciplined approach to risk management begins with the extensive due diligence performed during our Program Partner selection process and continues throughout the relationship. We have rigorous ongoing controls and reporting requirements, including with respect to underwriting and ongoing Program Partner diligence. Similarly, we maintain rigorous controls over our reinsurance exposures, maintaining stringent collateral requirements to limit our credit exposure. As a result of providing multiple services to our Program Partners, we have
8

Table of Contents
numerous touch points and are in regular communication regarding underwriting, claims handling, reinsurance placement and collateral management, which we believe enhances our ability to manage risks to our organization.

Entrepreneurial and highly experienced management team. Our management team is highly experienced, with decades of experience in specialty insurance markets. In addition to this significant industry experience, our team has a long history of continuity in our business, with 21 members having been with us for over 10 years. Our business has been led by our Chief Executive Officer and founder Andrew M. O’Brien since its inception in 1996.

Our strategy

We believe that our approach will allow us to continue to achieve our goals of both growing our business and generating attractive returns. Our strategy involves:

Growing within our existing markets. We focus on lines of business that have large markets, with $54 billion of workers’ compensation premiums and $81 billion for other liability written in the United States in 2019 according to the most recent data from S&P Global. There were greater than $40 billion of direct written premiums in commercial property and casualty markets in 2018 produced by program administrators according to the most recent study published by TMPAA. By comparison, we generated $484.2 million, $411.4 million and $357.0 million of gross written premiums for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We select Program Partners operating in our target markets with whom we believe we can partner to grow within these significant markets.

Given the size of our markets, we believe that we have ample room to continue to grow our business organically for the foreseeable future. Additionally, as we grow our premiums and capital, we expect to continue to optimize our reinsurance program to drive our risk-adjusted returns.

Selectively adding new Program Partners. We have been selective in choosing our current Program Partners, and will continue to ensure that new Program Partners share our business philosophy and meet our underwriting and returns criteria. We focus on specialty lines and will continue to add programs in these markets. However, we also continue to evaluate potential partnerships in additional lines of business that will leverage our core competencies and provide us with new revenue opportunities.

Opportunistically grow and maintain our Owned MGA business through acquisitions. From time to time, we may have the opportunity to deepen our relationships with our existing Program Partners by acquiring equity interests from their management teams. Since 2013, we have successfully completed eight acquisitions of companies with which we have had prior relationships. These businesses represented more than 50% of our gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Strengthen and harness our strong and growing capital base. Despite our relatively modest historical balance sheet, we have grown our premiums through the significant use of reinsurance. As our capital base has grown, new opportunities have emerged for us. Of particular note, in 2019, A.M. Best upgraded our insurance companies from an "A-" to an "A" (Excellent) (Outlook Stable) financial strength rating, which we believe differentiates us in the markets in which we operate. As we continue to grow, we believe that we will have the opportunity to access additional business and to retain more profitable businesses that we have historically ceded to the reinsurance markets.

Maintaining our focus on long-term profitability and growth. Our competitive advantages, including our focus on underserved markets, have enabled us to grow our gross written premiums to $484.2 million for 2020 at a CAGR of 27.3% since 2015, while maintaining an average return on equity of approximately 21.6% for the same time period. As we seek to grow our business, we remain disciplined in targeting classes of business and markets where we believe we can generate attractive returns. Rather than make decisions based on where we are in the market cycle, we focus on selecting high-quality programs, only pursuing opportunities that we expect to meet our pricing and risk requirements over the long-term. We will not participate in markets where we do not believe our business model can add incremental risk-adjusted value.

Maintain disciplined controls over our key business risks. In order to maintain our underwriting profitability, we have systematic underwriting and risk monitoring processes across our business. We believe our risk management is enhanced by the fact that we provide multiple services to many of our Program Partners and thus are in regular communication with them regarding underwriting, claims handling, reinsurance placement, and collateral management. We seek to swiftly identify,
9

Table of Contents
correct and, if necessary, terminate relationships with Program Partners that are not producing targeted underwriting results, writing exposures outside of agreed upon risk tolerances, or not meeting their collateral or other commitments to us.

Products and services

We have historically provided products and services to our target markets in the specialty casualty insurance market. We underwrite specialty casualty insurance products both through our Program Partners, programs where we partner with other organizations, and our owned Managing General Agencies. Our insurance product offerings include workers’ compensation, other liability, accident and health, and other lines of business. We also provide our Program Partners with a variety of services from which we generate recurring fee-based revenues, including reinsurance brokerage and, in particular, issuing carrier or "fronting" services.

The following table shows our gross written premiums by insurance product for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, in thousands.

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Workers' compensation $ 368,949  $ 340,444  $ 277,291 
Other liability - occurrence 25,531  20,129  20,923 
Commercial auto liability 25,301  9,935  7,251 
Commercial multiple peril 24,930  17,662  13,128 
Homeowners multiple peril 17,356  —  — 
Auto physical damage 7,340  4,843  4,404 
Products liability - occurrence 7,033  7,368  6,496 
Excess workers' compensation 3,986  2,539  1,090 
Group accident and health 2,375  7,678  22,450 
Boiler and machinery 1,253  783  599 
Fire 129  64  42 
Surety 41  52  29 
Inland marine 25 
Private passenger auto liability —  (100) 3,301 
Total $ 484,249  $ 411,401  $ 357,007 


In total, we are licensed in 49 states and the District of Columbia. The following table shows our gross written premiums by state for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, in thousands.

10

Table of Contents
 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
California $ 203,421  $ 202,446  $ 153,611 
Michigan 41,830  38,174  37,084 
Texas 28,909  * *
Arizona 27,950  34,215  28,350 
Alabama 17,549  12,946  11,907 
Mississippi 13,307  8,910  7,143 
Georgia 12,869  * *
Tennessee 12,347  8,065  7,809 
Nevada 10,760  11,869  9,225 
Pennsylvania 10,498  * *
Other geographical areas 104,809  94,776  101,878 
Total $ 484,249  $ 411,401  $ 357,007 
* The amount for the state is relevant for 2020 but not in other periods and therefore, was not presented.


Workers’ compensation
We offer workers’ compensation insurance through both our Owned MGAs and our Program Partners. California, Arizona and Michigan represented 52.0%, 7.5% and 4.2%, respectively, of our workers’ compensation gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2020. We write business across a variety of industries and hazard classes. The construction industry is our largest industry exposure, representing 26% of premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2020. The workers’ compensation insurance industry classifies risks into hazard groups defined by the National Council on Compensation Insurance, or NCCI, and based on severity, with employers in lower groups having lower cost claims. Our premiums are spread across hazard classes. We target accounts that we believe offer greater risk-adjusted returns, such as small accounts that are less subject to competition, or accounts with high experience modification factors that our underwriters assess to be attractively priced for the potential risk. Experience modification factors are determined by state insurance regulators based on the insured’s historical loss experience.

We do not write accounts that we believe present exposure to catastrophic risk. The average workers’ compensation premium per policy written by us was $16,187 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The average workers’ compensation premium per policy written by us was $19,103 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

We manage workers’ compensation claims administration for all of our Owned MGAs and for several of our Program Partners. We believe that our claims philosophy has been a key differentiating factor allowing us to maintain lower loss ratios and settle claims quickly. Our workers’ compensation programs are supported by various quota share and excess of loss reinsurance facilities, which we utilize to align risk with our Program Partners and optimize our net retention relative to our financial objectives, balance sheet size and ratings requirements. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we ceded 73.0% of gross workers’ compensation premiums earned to third-party insurers. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we ceded 77.8% of gross workers’ compensation premiums earned to third-party insurers.

The following exhibits illustrate our business mix of workers’ compensation gross written premiums by industry and hazard class for the year ended December 31, 2020.


11

Table of Contents
TIG-20201231_G1.JPG
TIG-20201231_G2.JPG


Other liability
We offer other liability insurance products through both our Owned MGAs and our Program Partners. We target segments of the market that we believe are underserved or mispriced, such as California contractors with an average of five employees.

The other liability products that we offer through our Owned MGAs include admitted general liability and construction defect products offered to small contractors that protect them against claims from third parties. We distribute these products through select wholesale brokers in California. Additionally, through several of our Program Partners, we write 13 other liability insurance products in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Our claims personnel administer claims for our Owned MGA other liability products. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we ceded approximately 82.9% of our gross other liability premiums earned to third-party insurers. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we ceded approximately 80.6% of our gross other liability premiums earned to third-party insurers.

Issuing carrier services
We provide issuing carrier or "fronting" services to several of our Program Partners who distribute commercial multi-peril, personal auto and commercial auto insurance business. In these relationships, we act as the policy-issuing insurance carrier for our Program Partner and transfer all or a substantial portion of the underwriting risk to third-party reinsurers. Unlike some other issuing carrier models, we typically act as the reinsurance broker to the program as well as the issuing carrier, which we believe enables us to have deeper relationships with our Program Partners as well as earn additional revenue for the placement of reinsurance. When we enter into issuing carrier relationships, we typically receive fronting fees from our reinsurers who are both Program Partners and/or third-party reinsurers and reinsurance brokerage fees and reinsurance ceding commissions from our reinsurance partners. Fronting fees vary based on the line of business and premium volume. We provide issuing carrier services across each of our insurance products. We provide issuing carrier services to some of our Program Partners that offer workers’ compensation or other liability insurance.

Reinsurance brokerage services
Our reinsurance brokerage services division provides reinsurance placement, servicing and renewal services to small- to mid-sized insurance organizations, including most of our Program Partners and additional third-party insurance organizations. We earn commissions for structuring and placing reinsurance coverage on behalf of our clients. Commissions are based on a percentage of premiums ceded to reinsurers and vary by type or complexity of reinsurance coverage. Our reinsurance
12

Table of Contents
brokerage services are a valuable risk management tool in our relationships with our Program Partners, as we typically require the use of our reinsurance brokerage services to place and structure reinsurance prior to the inception of a new program. For the year ended December 31, 2020, reinsurance brokerage generated $9.0 million in revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2019, reinsurance brokerage generated $5.8 million in revenue.

Other services
We provide a variety of other services to insurance organizations, including claims administration and insurance management services. We provide workers’ compensation insurance claims administration services to some of our Program Partners as well as to third-party insurance organizations with which we do not have additional relationships.

Inland marine
Inland marine underwrites coverage for property that may be held in transit or instrumentalities of transportation and communication, such as builders risk, contractors equipment, transportation risk and mobile equipment.

Marketing and distribution

We market and distribute our products through several channels. Our Owned MGAs market through both retail agents and wholesale brokers, and our reinsurance brokerage services division actively markets our services directly to prospective clients. Additionally, we distribute products and services to our Program Partners, which comprise program administrators and insurance carriers. Since we focus on smaller accounts, we do not market our products and services through large insurance brokers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our Owned MGAs represented 59% of our gross written premiums, Program Partners represented 40% of gross written premiums and national insurance pools represented 1% of gross written premiums. For the year ended December 31, 2019, our Owned MGAs represented 64% of our gross written premiums, Program Partners represented 35% of gross written premiums and national insurance pools represented 1% of gross written premiums.

Retail agents
We distribute our Owned MGA workers’ compensation products through approximately 2,100 retail agents. We target retail agents with experience and distribution capabilities in our target markets. Retail agents must demonstrate an ability to produce both our desired quality and quantity of business. To assist with this goal, our underwriters regularly visit our retail brokers to market and discuss the products we offer. We terminate retail agents who are unable to produce consistently profitable business or who produce unacceptably low volumes of business.

Wholesale brokers
We distribute our other liability products underwritten by our Owned MGAs through wholesale brokers that have expertise and strong track records in our niche target markets. For these products, we target small contractors in California. We use wholesale brokers to distribute these products because wholesale brokers are an important channel for commercial insurance products where they control much of the premium in these segments. We select our wholesale brokers based on our management’s review of their experience, knowledge, business plan, and track record of delivering us profitable business.

Reinsurance brokerage services
Our reinsurance brokerage services division actively markets our reinsurance services to small- and mid- sized program administrators and other insurance organizations. The primary focus of our reinsurance brokerage services division is to place reinsurance for our program partners, direct business and third parties, and we are also able to leverage our reinsurance brokerage relationships to cultivate new Program Partner relationships and market our other services. The majority of our current Program Partner relationships originated as an introduction from our reinsurance brokerage services division.

Program administrators
We partner with select program administrators across each of our target markets to harness the efficiency and scale of these organizations’ marketing and distribution infrastructures. Through these relationships, we are able to access national distribution channels or write specialized risks in our target markets efficiently. Generally, policies bound by our program administrators are underwritten according to strict underwriting guidelines that we establish with each program administrator. We have had long relationships with many of our program administrators and, in most cases, we have had an existing relationship with a program administrator before adding it as a new Program Partner. For example, we may have previously provided the program with reinsurance placement or consulting services, or worked with the key principals of the prospective Program Partner at their prior organization. We believe program administrators value our multi-service offering and
13

Table of Contents
capabilities and the flexibility with which we can offer these services. In addition to underwriting insurance products through program administrators, we provide these organizations with issuing carrier services and reinsurance brokerage services.

Carrier and other partnerships
Given our unique focus on flexible multi-service offering, we are a partner of choice for small- to mid-sized insurance carriers seeking a specialty casualty insurance partner to satisfy insurance department requirements, provide comprehensive management solutions or transfer certain classes of risk. As of December 31, 2020, we had partnerships with seven insurance companies, risk retention groups, state insurance pools and trusts.

Program selection, underwriting and controls

Program selection
Given our position and reputation in the market, we are presented with more new program opportunities than we choose to write, allowing us to be highly selective with respect to the Program Partners with whom we choose to partner. We decline approximately 89% of the new opportunities we are presented with prior to or through our pre-screening process. We typically source new opportunities through our reinsurance brokerage services business or through referrals from existing Program Partners. For each new opportunity that we choose to evaluate, we conduct a comprehensive pre-screening of the company, including an evaluation of its philosophy, size, past performance, future performance targets and above all, compatibility with our operating model, risk appetite, and existing book of business. Our target Program Partners tend to have several, if not all, of the following traits:

small- to mid-sized books of business (less than $30 million of annual gross premiums at the inception of the relationship);
presence in markets where we believe we can leverage our distinctive expertise, multi-service offering and market relationships to create a competitive advantage;
track record of underwriting success supported with credible data;
proven ability to administer the program pursuant to agreed-upon underwriting and claims guidelines;
ability and willingness to assume a meaningful quota share risk participation in the program, typically through ownership of an insurance company or captive;
collaborative, entrepreneurial management team; and
willingness and ability for us to control the structuring and placement of reinsurance.

Underwriting and program design
For opportunities that are acceptable to us through the pre-screening process, we conduct rigorous underwriting due diligence prior to entering into a partnership. As part of this process, our due diligence team collects and analyzes data relating to the organization’s operating, underwriting, financial and biographical information to prepare an initial due diligence file for our Underwriting Committee. Our Underwriting Committee is led by our CEO and consists of members with expertise in underwriting and finance. In 2020, 9 out of 84 submissions were approved by the Underwriting Committee. If the Underwriting Committee approves the submission on a provisional basis, we then conduct comprehensive underwriting, claims, and financial diligence on the potential Program Partner. This includes inviting the potential Program Partner’s management for an on-site meeting at our Wayzata headquarters and on-site diligence of the potential Program Partner.

If we look to enter into a contractual relationship with a potential Program Partner, we work with them to design a program that appropriately aligns interests and establish rigorous underwriting guidelines and ongoing reporting and auditing requirements. At the inception of a new program, we typically act as an issuing carrier where we reinsure a substantial amount of risk to third parties. We also typically require the Program Partner to maintain significant underwriting risk or otherwise align incentives with the Program Partner’s underwriting performance. The amount of risk and premiums ceded to Program Partners is contractually stipulated with each Program Partner. Over time we look to optimize our net retention positions with our Program Partners once we have become comfortable with their performance through our ongoing interactions.

Ongoing monitoring and controls
Throughout the lifetime of a relationship with a Program Partner, we maintain systematic monitoring and control mechanisms to ensure each relationship meets our financial objectives. We closely monitor each Program Partner’s adherence to the
14

Table of Contents
agreed upon underwriting and claims guidelines and conduct regular reviews of loss experience, rate levels, reserves and the overall financial health of the Program Partner. We receive underwriting and claims data feeds from each Program Partner at least monthly. We typically conduct two underwriting, claims and accounting audits per program per year. Because we typically provide multiple services to our Program Partners, we are in regular communication with them regarding underwriting, claims handling, reinsurance placement and collateral management. As a result, we have near continuous opportunities to interact with our Program Partners and evaluate their performance.

We maintain the right to terminate relationships with our Program Partners. Reasons for us to terminate a relationship include an inability to produce targeted underwriting results, writing exposures outside of agreed upon risk tolerances, delinquency in meeting reporting requirements, a change of strategic direction, or failure to meet collateral or other commitments to us. Our stringent and extensive due diligence and selection process allows us the flexibility to partner with organizations with which we believe we will have successful relationships.

Claims

We actively manage claims for our Owned MGA businesses, as well as for select Program Partners that underwrite workers’ compensation insurance. Other lines of business are typically managed directly by our Program Partners, or in some cases by TPAs. When our Program Partners or TPAs administer claims, our claims personnel are responsible for overseeing the Program Partner or TPA, including the management of loss reserves, settlement, arbitration and mediation. Claims are reported directly to the applicable Program Partner or TPA, which adheres to agreed-upon service level standards.

For business where we manage the claims, our experienced claims team of over 100 employees actively manages the claims. In our largest line of business, workers’ compensation, our philosophy is to provide an injured employee with the high-quality medical care as quickly as possible to reduce pain, expedite healing and lead to a faster and more complete recovery. Once an injured employee has healed, we aim to fully settle and achieve a full and complete release of the claim at the earliest opportunity. This approach to claims management enables us to lower our claim costs and settle the ultimate claim reserves more quickly. In order to achieve these outcomes, we manage our claims organization to ensure that each of our claims personnel is responsible for lower than industry average claims files per claims adjuster.

Our claims adjusters have settlement authority that varies by the line of business and the experience of each adjuster. In the case of a catastrophic claim, we may use a third-party administrator that specializes in these types of claims to ease the burden of catastrophic claims on our organization. In addition, our claims examiners work closely with our underwriting staff to keep apprised of claims trends. Vendor management is also an important component of effective claims management and our claims examiners work closely with our vendors to manage expenses and costs.

Reinsurance

We cede a portion of the risk we accept on our balance sheet to third-party reinsurers through a variety of reinsurance arrangements. We manage these arrangements to align risks with our Program Partners, optimize our net retention relative to our financial objectives, balance sheet size and ratings requirements, as well as to limit our maximum loss resulting from a single program or a single event. We utilize both quota share and excess of loss ("XOL") reinsurance to achieve these goals. Quota share reinsurance involves the proportional sharing of premiums and losses of each defined program. Under XOL reinsurance, losses in excess of a retention level are paid by the reinsurer, subject to a limit, and are customized per program or across multiple programs. The cost and limits of the reinsurance coverage we purchase vary from year to year based on the availability of quality reinsurance at an acceptable price and our desired level of retention.

Quota share reinsurance
We utilize quota share reinsurance for several purposes, including (i) to cede risk to Program Partners, which allows us to share economics and align incentives and (ii) to cede risk to third-party reinsurers in order to manage our net written premiums appropriately based on our financial objectives, capital base, A.M. Best financial strength rating and risk appetite. It is a core pillar of our underwriting philosophy that Program Partners retain a portion of the underwriting risk of their program. We believe this best aligns interests, attracts higher quality programs and leads to better underwriting results.

Catastrophe XOL reinsurance
We have designed an XOL reinsurance program to protect against catastrophic or other unforeseen extreme loss activity that could otherwise negatively impact our profitability and capital base. The majority of our exposure to catastrophe risk stems from the workers’ compensation premium we retain. Potential catastrophic events include an earthquake, terrorism or another
15

Table of Contents
event that could cause more than one covered employee working at the same location to be injured in the event. We believe we mitigate this risk by our focus on small- to mid-sized accounts, which means that we generally do not have concentrated employee counts at single locations that could be exposed to a catastrophic loss. As of December 31, 2020, our core catastrophe XOL reinsurance program covers 72.7% of our workers’ compensation business. We have a $2 million retention of which 50% is reinsured under a quota share reinsurance agreement with certain third-party reinsurers. We have purchased coverage for (i) 15% of $3 million of losses in excess of $2 million, (ii) 15% of $5 million of losses in excess of $5 million and (iii) 100% of $20 million of losses in excess of $10 million. We believe that our XOL reinsurance structure, which consolidates multiple programs under a single XOL reinsurance program comprised of three excess of loss reinsurance agreements with five professional reinsurers, significantly decreases our cost of reinsurance compared with each program maintaining its own XOL reinsurance program.

Summary workers' compensation reinsurance program

$30,000,000
4/1/2020
Excess of Loss Reinsurance
$15M xs $15M Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching
4/1/2020
Excess of Loss Reinsurance
$10M xs $5M
Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching
4/1/2020
Excess of Loss Reinsurance
$5M xs $10M Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching
$10,000,000
4/1/2020
Excess of Loss Reinsurance
$5M xs $5M Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching
BIC Retention: 85%
$5,000,000
4/1/2020
$3M xs $2M
Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching
4/1/2020
Excess of Loss Reinsurance
$3M xs $2M Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching
BIC Retention: 85%
$2,000,000
7/1/2020 Quota Share Reinsurance
First $2M Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching
7/1/2020 Quota Share Reinsurance
First $2M Per Occurrence
Risks Attaching - BIC Retention: 50%
$0


Collateral management

As a result of our extensive use of reinsurance in our business model, we effectively convert underwriting risk to credit risk of our Program Partners and other professional reinsurers. Accordingly, it is critical for the success of our business that we actively manage our credit exposures. We achieve this through active collateral management, including: (1) requiring our
16

Table of Contents
reinsurance partners who do not have an A.M. Best financial strength rating of "A-" or higher or who are not authorized reinsurers to post collateral equal to at least 100% of reserves for unearned premiums and losses and loss adjustment expense, including incurred but not yet reported ("IBNR") reserves, based on our assessment of expected losses; (2) securing collateral by trust funds, letters of credit or, more frequently, funds withheld accounts; and (3) reviewing collateral accounts on a monthly basis and secured with quarterly and annual "true-ups."

As of December 31, 2020, we had reinsurance recoverables on paid and unpaid losses of $343.2 million. Against these recoverables, we maintained $174.7 million of funds withheld and $128.7 million of other forms of collateral, for a total of approximately $303.4 million in credit protection from our reinsurers. As of December 31, 2020, we did not have any balance from reinsurers that was over 90 days old or in dispute and we held appropriate funding or collateral from all unauthorized reinsurers.

The following table sets forth our ten largest reinsurance recoverables by reinsurer as of December 31, 2020, in thousands:

Reinsurers: A.M. Best Rating Reinsurance Recoverables Collateral Net Recoverables
Markel Global Reinsurance Company A $ 84,757  $ 7,535  $ 77,222 
Greenlight Reinsurance, Limited A- 64,755  91,056  (26,301)
Arch Reinsurance Company (U.S.) A+ 38,542  4,422  34,120 
Provistar Insurance Company, Limited NR 37,377  40,753  (3,376)
Employers National Insurance Company Inc. NR 16,440  22,918  (6,478)
First Insurance Company of Oklahoma, Inc. NR 13,365  19,360  (5,995)
VGM Insurance Companies of America Limited NR 12,071  19,709  (7,638)
Synergy Comp. Insurance Company A- 12,061  14,789  (2,728)
Swiss Reinsurance America Corp A+ 7,620  —  7,620 
Sunz Insurance Company NR 6,568  29,078  (22,510)
Total 293,556  249,620  43,936 
All other reinsurers 49,657  53,737  (4,080)
Total recoverables $ 343,213  $ 303,357  $ 39,856 


Technology

Our information technology department consisted of 19 employees as of December 31, 2020. Our Chief Information Officer ("CIO") has over 21 years of experience in the technology field. Our dedicated in- house system analysts support our key business systems. We believe our systems and technology allow us to quickly collect and analyze data, thereby improving our ability to manage our business. We have scalable, standardized infrastructure technology systems built for automation, efficiency and security, and are not burdened by legacy technology systems.

We operate on a digital platform with a data warehouse that collects and builds a robust repository of statistical data for our workers’ compensation business and a substantial amount of our other liability business. All of our workers’ compensation business data is automated through the data warehouse. Our platform provides a high degree of efficiency, accuracy and speed across all of our processes. We are able to use the data that we collect through Application Programming Interfaces ("APIs") to quickly analyze trends across all functions in our business. The data warehouse is easily searchable and contains most of the underwriting and claims information we collect at every level. We are able to track rates, monitor historical loss experience and reserve development and measure other relevant metrics at a granular level of detail. Our technology team is continuously enhancing this system to improve its capability and expand its use across our business.

Reserves

We record reserves for estimated losses of the policies that we underwrite and for loss adjustment expenses ("LAE") related to the investigation and settlement of policy claims. Our reserves for losses and LAE represent the estimated cost of all
17

Table of Contents
reported and unreported losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred and unpaid as of a given point in time. We evaluate the overall adequacy of gross, ceded and net losses and LAE reserves in accordance with established actuarial standards to set our reserves. We establish reserves on a line of business basis at the individual program level. Consistent with our gross and net premium breakdown, reserves for workers’ compensation losses comprise the majority of our carried reserve position. Due to our shorter claims process and ability to close claims faster than competitors, we believe we are able to settle our ultimate reserves more quickly as well.

When a claim is first reported, we establish an initial case reserve for the estimated amount of our loss based on our estimate of the most likely outcome of the claim at that time. Generally, a case reserve is established within 30 days after the claim is reported and consists of anticipated medical costs, indemnity costs and specific adjustment expenses. This case reserve is set to cover the life of the claim based on information available at that point in time. At any point in time, the amount paid on a claim, as well as the reserve for future amounts to be paid, represents the estimated total cost of the claim or the case incurred amount. The estimated amount of loss for a reported claim is based on various factors, including:

type of loss;
severity of the injury or damage;
age and occupation of the injured employee;
estimated length of temporary disability;
anticipated permanent disability;
expected medical procedures, costs and duration;
our knowledge of the circumstances surrounding the claim;
insurance policy provisions, including coverage, related to the claim;
jurisdiction of the occurrence; and
other benefits defined by applicable statute.

Reserves are estimates involving actuarial projections of the expected ultimate cost to settle and administer claims at a given time, but are not expected to precisely represent the ultimate liability. Estimates are based on past loss experience modified for current trends as well as prevailing economic, legal, and social conditions. Such estimates are also based on facts and circumstances then known but are subject to significant uncertainty based on the outcome of various factors, such as future events, future trends in claim severity, inflation and changes in the judicial interpretation of policy provisions relating to the determination of coverage.

Reserves are set by our Reserve Committee in consultation with an independent third-party actuarial firm. Our Reserve Committee includes our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Senior Vice President of Underwriting, Vice President of Underwriting and Insurance Divisional Controller. The Reserve Committee meets semi-annually to review the actuarial reserving recommendations made by the independent actuary. Our independent third-party actuarial firm reviews our net reserves at June 30 and September 30 of each year and performs a comprehensive review of all programs at each year-end.

As of December 31, 2020, we have had aggregate favorable development of $39.9 million on our reserve estimates since 2014.

18

Table of Contents
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, 2020
Years Ended December 31, Total of IBNR Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2011 $ 14,456  $ 14,923  $ 16,636  $ 17,578  $ 17,620  $ 17,854  $ 18,419  $ 18,834  $ 18,793  $ 19,076  1,128  6,538 
2012 21,857  21,831  20,697  21,053  20,331  20,058  20,646  20,690  20,651  1,540  5,393 
2013 24,661  24,755  24,280  21,361  21,342  21,506  21,465  21,631  2,000  5,907 
2014 24,580  22,777  21,726  21,571  21,095  21,054  20,897  2,502  6,965 
2015 25,757  26,614  26,414  25,450  25,650  22,518  3,202  9,507 
2016 35,281  33,672  32,554  30,165  27,340  4,949  19,063 
2017 43,499  35,113  32,685  30,847  6,630  29,426 
2018 47,263  41,630  39,880  9,689  25,154 
2019 57,778  51,600  16,282  22,421 
2020 63,734  30,029  21,026 
$ 318,174 
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Years Ended December 31,
Accident Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2011 $ 3,954  $ 8,815  $ 12,631  $ 14,107  $ 15,405  $ 16,347  $ 17,085  $ 17,515  $ 18,091  $ 18,332 
2012 6,143  11,996  14,480  16,249  17,196  18,188  19,098  19,399  19,704 
2013 6,799  12,602  15,984  17,708  19,246  19,712  20,129  20,121 
2014 6,011  12,005  14,814  16,666  17,260  18,238  18,507 
2015 6,275  13,785  16,512  18,046  18,923  19,340 
2016 8,110  16,791  19,677  20,780  22,138 
2017 8,903  17,555  20,809  22,673 
2018 10,339  22,279  26,852 
2019 13,215  27,174 
2020 14,487 
209,328 
All outstanding liabilities before 2011, net of reinsurance 5,734 
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 114,580 


Investments

Investment income is a significant component of our earnings. We invest our reserves and maintain a conservative investment portfolio primarily comprised of highly rated fixed income securities. Our investment strategy is to preserve capital and limit our exposure to investment risk. Our portfolio is managed by New England Asset Management, Inc. ("NEAM"), an investment management firm with a focus on insurance portfolios. Under our current agreement with NEAM, which we can terminate at any time upon 30 days’ notice, we pay NEAM a quarterly fee of a percentage of our assets under management. There are no minimum amounts of assets required under our agreement with NEAM. Our Investment Committee meets periodically and reports to our board of directors.

As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $387.8 million of total cash and invested assets, net of all collateral held on behalf of our Program Partners under reinsurance treaties. The weighted average rating of the fixed income portfolio is "AA" and the weighted average duration is approximately 3.9 years. The fixed income portfolio pre-tax book yield was 2.41%.

We hold funds withheld balances in separate accounts for the benefit of our Program Partners. The funds withheld assets and associated investment income belong to our various Program Partners. However, we require that the assets in these accounts be managed in accordance with our investment guidelines. As of December 31, 2020, we had $174.7 million of funds held under reinsurance treaties.

19

December 31,
2020 2019
Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value % of Total Fair Value Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value % of Total Fair Value
(in thousands, except percentages)
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 17,135  $ 17,471  4.3  % $ 15,965  $ 16,129  4.8  %
Foreign governments 300  302  0.1  % 299  302  0.1  %
States, territories and possessions 7,500  7,774  1.9  % 4,789  4,923  1.5  %
Political subdivisions of states territories and possessions 31,759  33,212  8.1  % 24,444  25,104  7.4  %
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 77,329  81,714  20.0  % 59,149  61,405  18.1  %
Industrial and public utilities 107,017  113,741  27.8  % 119,735  123,207  36.4  %
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 16,242  18,066  4.4  % 15,586  16,312  4.8  %
Residential mortgage-backed securities 91,478  93,017  22.7  % 53,467  54,109  16.0  %
Other loan-backed securities 39,293  39,945  9.7  % 35,849  36,011  10.6  %
Hybrid securities 356  362  0.1  % 357  363  0.1  %
Total fixed maturities 388,409  405,604  99.1  % 329,640  337,865  99.8  %
Equity securities:
Preferred stock 243  240  0.1  % 337  343  0.1  %
Common stock 1,554  3,534  0.8  % 492  492  0.1  %
Total equity securities 1,797  3,774  0.9  % 829  835  0.2  %
Total investments $ 390,206  $ 409,378  100.0  % $ 330,469  $ 338,700  100.0  %


December 31,
2020 2019
Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value % of Total Fair Value Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value % of Total Fair Value
(in thousands, except percentages)
Due in one year or less $ 25,844  $ 26,107  6.4  % $ 17,822  $ 17,872  5.3  %
Due after one year but before five years 102,491  107,516  26.5  % 120,772  123,603  36.6  %
Due after five years but before ten years 61,952  67,091  16.5  % 50,398  52,893  15.7  %
Due after ten years 51,109  53,862  13.3  % 35,746  37,065  11.0  %
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 16,242  18,066  4.5  % 15,586  16,312  4.8  %
Residential mortgage-backed securities 91,478  93,017  22.9  % 53,467  54,109  16.0  %
Other loan-backed securities 39,293  39,945  9.9  % 35,849  36,011  10.6  %
Total $ 388,409  $ 405,604  100.0  % $ 329,640  $ 337,865  100.0  %


20

December 31,
2020 2019
Fair Value % of Total Fair Value Fair Value % of Total Fair Value
(in thousands, except percentages)
Rating
AAA $ 59,887  14.8  % $ 52,571  15.6  %
AA 224,371  55.3  % 153,838  45.5  %
A 89,975  22.2  % 101,040  29.9  %
BBB 29,404  7.2  % 30,245  9.0  %
BB 1,921  0.5  % 119  —  %
Below investment grade 46  —  % 52  —  %
Total $ 405,604  100.0  % $ 337,865  100.0  %


Enterprise risk management

We have designed and implemented an enterprise risk management ("ERM") program to identify potential earnings and capital volatility and to maximize the value of the overall organization. The board of directors and its committees are supported in their oversight of our ERM process by an ERM Committee consisting of one independent board member and seven senior executives who each represent a critical operating unit of ours, including our CEO.

Our board of directors, ERM committee and senior management have identified five key risk areas for oversight within the ERM framework. The five key risk areas are credit risk, market risk, underwriting risk, strategic risk and operational risk. Within each key risk, we have identified specific risk sub-categories leading to the identification and analysis of more granular risks. Through a documented analytical process, the ERM committee continually reviews and evaluates these risks to monitor due to their potential impact on our businesses and periodically reports its findings to the board of directors and its committees. Our board of directors believes this overall structure and analytical process creates effective risk identification, appetite determination, controls, oversight, and management for our Company.

Competition

In general, the P&C insurance market is highly competitive. Some of our competitors have greater financial, marketing and management resources and experience than we do. We may also compete with new market entrants in the future. In the workers’ compensation insurance market our competitors include insurance companies, state insurance pools and self-insurance funds. According to the most recent market data from S&P Global, more than 247 insurance companies participated in the workers’ compensation market in 2019. We compete against State National Companies, Inc. and AF Group in the provision of issuing carrier services to program administrators.

Competition is based on many factors, including the reputation and experience of the insurer, coverages and services offered, pricing and other terms and conditions, speed of claims payment, customer service, relationships with brokers and agents (including ease of doing business, service provided and commission rates paid), size and financial strength ratings, among other considerations.

Ratings

As of March 2021, we have an "A" (Excellent) (Outlook Stable) financial strength rating ("FSR") from A.M. Best, which rates insurance companies based on factors of concern to policyholders. A.M. Best’s FSRs reflect its opinion of an insurance company’s financial strength, operating performance and ability to meet its obligations to policyholders.

A.M. Best currently assigns 16 FSRs to insurance companies, which currently range from "A++" (Superior) to "S" (Rating Suspended). "A" (Excellent) is the third highest FSR in the A.M. Best system. In evaluating a company’s financial and operating performance, A.M. Best reviews the company’s profitability, leverage and liquidity, as well as its book of business,
21

Table of Contents
the adequacy and soundness of its reinsurance, the quality and estimated market value of its assets, the adequacy of its losses and loss expense reserves, the adequacy of its surplus, its capital structure, the experience and competence of its management and its market presence.

Human capital

Overview
As of December 31, 2020, we had 334 employees. Our employees are not subject to any collective bargaining agreements, and we are not aware of any current efforts to implement such an agreement. We believe that our employee relationships are good.

Compensation and benefits
We believe that our employees are one of our most valuable assets. In order to attract and retain talent, we offer fair, competitive compensation and benefits to support our team members’ overall well-being. Employee compensation includes base pay, annual incentive compensation and, in some cases, stock compensation.

Diversity and inclusion
We are committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive work environment free from discrimination of any kind and that supports the communities we serve. We seek to recruit the best qualified employees regardless of gender, ethnicity or other protected traits and it is our policy to fully comply with all laws applicable to discrimination in the workplace.

Regulation

Our business is subject to extensive regulation in the United States at both the state and federal level, including regulation under state insurance and federal laws. We cannot predict the impact of future state or federal laws or regulations on our business. Future laws and regulations, or the interpretation thereof, may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Insurance regulation - General
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation and supervision by the states in which they are domiciled, particularly with respect to their financial condition. Benchmark is domiciled in Kansas and commercially domiciled in California, where it is regulated and supervised by the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively. ALIC is domiciled in Utah where it is regulated and supervised by the Utah Insurance Department. 7710 is domiciled in South Carolina where it is regulated and supervised by the South Carolina Department of Insurance. Our insurance subsidiaries are also subject to regulation by all states in which they transact business, which oversight in practice often focuses on review of their market conduct. Benchmark is licensed to conduct insurance business, and therefore subject to regulation and supervision by insurance regulators, in 49 states and Washington D.C. ALIC is licensed or eligible to conduct insurance business, and therefore subject to regulation and supervision by insurance regulators, in 38 states and Washington D.C. 7710 is licensed or eligible to conduct insurance business, and therefore subject to regulation and supervision by insurance regulators, in 9 states. The extent and scope of insurance regulation varies between jurisdictions, but most jurisdictions have laws and regulations governing the financial security of insurers, including admittance of assets for purposes of calculating statutory surplus, standards of solvency, reserves, reinsurance, capital adequacy and the business conduct of insurers.

In addition, statutes and regulations usually require the licensing of insurers and their agents, the approval of policy forms and related materials and, for certain lines of insurance, the approval of rates. State statutes and regulations also prescribe the permitted types and concentrations of investments by insurers. The primary purpose of this insurance industry regulation is to protect policyholders. P&C insurance companies are required to file detailed quarterly and annual statements with insurance regulatory authorities in each of the jurisdictions in which they are licensed or eligible to do business, and their operations and accounts are subject to periodic examination by such authorities. Regulators have discretionary authority, in connection with the continued licensing of insurance companies, to limit or prohibit the ability to issue new policies if, in their judgment, the regulators determine that an insurer is not maintaining minimum statutory surplus or capital or if the further transaction of business will be detrimental to its policyholders.

The amount of dividends that our insurance subsidiaries may pay in any twelve-month period, without prior approval by their respective domestic insurance regulators, is restricted under the laws of Kansas, California, Utah and South Carolina.
22

Table of Contents

Under Kansas and California law, dividends payable from Benchmark without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner must not exceed the greater of (i) 10% of Benchmark’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively, or (ii) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains). Dividends shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of Benchmark's own securities.

Under Utah law, dividends payable from ALIC without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner must not exceed the lesser of (i) 10% of ALIC’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Utah Insurance Department (ii) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve- month period (not including realized capital gains). Dividends shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of ALIC's own securities.

Under South Carolina law, dividends payable from 7710 without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the following during the preceding twelve months: (a) when paid from other than earned surplus must not exceed the lesser of: (i) 10% of 7710's surplus as regards policyholders as shown in 7710’s most recent annual statement; or (ii) the net income, not including net realized capital gains or losses as shown in the 7710's most recent annual statement; or (b) when paid from earned surplus must not exceed the greater of: (i) 10% of the 7710's surplus as regards policyholders as shown in 7710’s most recent annual statement; or (ii) the net income, not including net realized capital gains or losses as shown in the 7710's most recent annual statement. Dividends shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of 7710’s own securities.

In addition, payments of dividends and advances or repayment of funds to us by our insurance subsidiaries are restricted by the applicable laws of our insurance subsidiaries’ respective jurisdictions requiring that each insurance subsidiary hold a specified amount of minimum reserves in order to meet future obligations on its outstanding policies. These regulations specify that the minimum reserves shall be calculated to be sufficient to meet future obligations, giving consideration for required future premiums to be received, which are based on certain specified interest rates and methods of valuation, which are subject to change.

Insurance holding company regulation
We are an insurance holding company and, together with our insurance subsidiaries and our other subsidiaries and affiliates, are subject to the insurance holding company system laws of Kansas, California, Utah and South Carolina. These laws vary across jurisdictions, but generally require an insurance holding company and insurers that are members of such insurance holding company’s system to register with the jurisdiction’s insurance regulatory authorities, to file reports disclosing certain information, including their capital structure, ownership, management, financial condition, enterprise risk and own risk and solvency assessment.

These laws also require disclosure of certain qualifying transactions between or among our insurance subsidiaries and us or any of our other subsidiaries or affiliates to which one or more of our insurance subsidiaries is a party. Such transactions could include loans, investments, sales, service agreements and reinsurance agreements among other similar inter-affiliate transactions. These laws also require that inter-company transactions be fair and reasonable. In certain circumstances, the insurance company must give prior notice of the transaction to the insurance department in its state of domicile, and the insurance department must either approve or disapprove the subject inter-company transaction within defined periods. Further, these laws require that an insurer’s contract holders’ surplus following any dividends or distributions to shareholder affiliates is reasonable in relation to the insurer’s outstanding liabilities and its financial needs.

The insurance holding company laws in some states, including Kansas, California, Utah and South Carolina, require regulatory approval of a direct or indirect change of control of an insurer or an insurer’s parent company. Generally, to obtain approval from the insurance commissioner for any acquisition of control of an insurance company or its parent company, the proposed acquirer must file with the applicable commissioner an application containing certain information including with respect to the participant companies in, and terms of, the transaction. Different jurisdictions may have requirements for prior approval of any acquisition of control of an insurance or reinsurance company licensed or authorized to transact business in those jurisdictions. Additional requirements may include re-licensing or subsequent approval for renewal of existing licenses upon an acquisition of control.

Credit for reinsurance
State insurance laws permit U.S. insurance companies, as ceding insurers, to take financial statement credit for reinsurance that is ceded, so long as the assuming reinsurer satisfies the state’s credit for reinsurance laws. The Nonadmitted Reinsurance
23

Table of Contents
Reform Act contained in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank Act") provides that if the state of domicile of a ceding insurer is a National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") accredited state, or has financial solvency requirements substantially similar to the requirements necessary for NAIC accreditation, and recognizes credit for reinsurance for the insurer’s ceded risk, then no other state may deny such credit for reinsurance. Because all states are currently accredited by the NAIC, the Dodd-Frank Act prohibits a state in which a U.S. ceding insurer is licensed but not domiciled from denying credit for reinsurance for the insurer’s ceded risk if the cedant’s domestic state regulator recognizes credit for reinsurance. The ceding company in this instance is permitted to reflect in its statutory financial statements a credit in an aggregate amount equal to the ceding company’s liability for unearned premium (which are that portion of written premiums which applies to the unexpired portion of the policy period), loss reserves and loss expense reserves to the extent ceded to the reinsurer.

Statutory examinations
We are required to file detailed quarterly and annual financial statements, in accordance with prescribed statutory accounting rules with regulatory officials in each of the jurisdictions in which we do business. As part of their routine regulatory oversight process, the Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance, the Utah Insurance Department and the South Carolina Department of Insurance conduct periodic detailed examinations, generally once every three to five years, of the books, records, accounts and operations of our insurance subsidiaries domiciled in their states.

Financial tests
The NAIC has developed a set of financial relationships or "tests," known as the Insurance Regulatory Information System or IRIS, which is designed for early identification of companies that may require special attention or action by insurance regulatory authorities. Insurance companies submit data annually to the NAIC, which in turn analyzes the data by utilizing ratios. State insurance regulators review this statistical report, which is available to the public, together with an analytical report, prepared by and available only to state insurance regulators, to identify insurance companies that appear to require immediate regulatory attention. A "usual range" of results for each ratio is used as a benchmark.

Risk-based capital requirements
In order to enhance the regulation of insurers’ solvency, the NAIC adopted a model law to implement risk- based capital ("RBC") requirements for P&C insurers. All states have adopted the NAIC’s model law or a substantively similar law. The NAIC Risk-Based Capital Model Act requires insurance companies to submit an annual RBC Report, which compares an insurer’s Total Adjusted Capital with its Authorized Control Level RBC. A company’s RBC is calculated by using a specified formula that applies factors to various specified asset, premium, claim, expense and reserve items. The factors are higher for those items with greater underlying risk and lower for items with less underlying risk.

Total Adjusted Capital is defined as the sum of an insurer’s statutory capital and surplus and asset valuation reserve and the estimated amount of all dividends declared by the insurer’s board of directors prior to the end of the statement year that are not yet paid or due at the end of the year. The RBC Report is used by regulators to initiate appropriate regulatory actions relating to insurers that show indications of weak or deteriorating conditions. RBC is an additional standard for minimum capital requirements that insurers must meet to avoid being placed in rehabilitation or liquidation by regulators. The annual RBC Report, and the information contained therein, are not intended by the NAIC as a means to rank insurers.

RBC is a method of measuring the minimum amount of capital appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations in light of its size and risk profile. It provides a means of setting the capital requirement in which the degree of risk taken by the insurer is the primary determinant. The value of an insurer’s Total Adjusted Capital in relation to its RBC, together with its trend in its Total Adjusted Capital, is used as a basis for determining regulatory action that a state insurance regulator may be authorized or required to take with respect to an insurer. The four determinations, potentially applicable under each jurisdiction’s laws, are essentially as follows:

Company Action Level Event. Total Adjusted Capital is greater than or equal to 150% but less than 200% of RBC or Total Adjusted Capital greater than or equal to 200% but less than 250% of RBC, and has a negative trend. If there is a Company Action Level Event, the insurer must submit a plan (an "RBC Plan") outlining, among other things, the corrective actions it intends to take in order to remedy its capital deficiency.
Regulatory Action Level Event. Total Adjusted Capital is greater than or equal to 100% but less than 150% of RBC or the insurer has failed to comply with filing deadlines for its RBC Report or RBC Plan. If there is a Regulatory Action Level Event, the insurer is also required to submit an RBC Plan. In addition, the insurance regulator must
24

Table of Contents
undertake a comprehensive examination of the insurer’s financial condition and must issue any appropriate corrective orders.
Authorized Control Level Event. Total Adjusted Capital is below RBC but greater than or equal to 70% of RBC or the insurer has failed to respond to a corrective order. As noted above, if there is an Authorized Control Level Event, the insurance regulator may seek rehabilitation or liquidation of the insurer if it deems it to be in the best interests of the policyholders and creditors of the insurer and the public.
Mandatory Control Level Event. Total Adjusted Capital is below 70% of RBC. If there is a Mandatory Control Level Event, the insurance regulator must seek rehabilitation or liquidation of the insurer.


Market conduct
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to periodic market conduct exams ("MCE") in any jurisdiction where they do business. An MCE typically entails review of business activities, such as operations and management, complaint handling, marketing and sales, producer licensing, policyholder service, underwriting and rating, and claims handling. Regulators may impose fines and penalties upon finding violations of regulations governing such business activities.

Rate and form approvals
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to each state’s laws and regulations regarding rate and form approvals. The applicable laws and regulations are used by states to establish standards to ensure that rates are not excessive, inadequate, unfairly discriminatory or used to engage in unfair price competition. An insurer’s ability to increase rates and the relative timing of the process are dependent upon each state’s respective requirements.

Claims adjusting
Generally, insurance companies, adjusting companies and individual claims adjusters are prohibited by state statutes from engaging in unfair claims practices. Unfair claims practices include, but are not limited to, misrepresenting pertinent facts or insurance policy provisions; failing to acknowledge and act reasonably promptly upon communications with respect to claims arising under insurance policies; and attempting to settle a claim for less than the amount to which a reasonable person would have believed such person was entitled.

Assessments against insurers
Under the insurance guaranty fund laws existing in each state and Washington D.C., licensed insurers can be assessed by insurance guaranty associations for certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants. Most of these laws provide for annual limits on the assessments and for an offset against state premium taxes. These premium tax offsets must be spread over future periods ranging from five to 20 years. Since these assessments typically are not made for several years after an insurer fails and depend upon the final outcome of liquidation or rehabilitation proceedings, we cannot accurately determine the amount or timing of any future assessments.

Regulation of investments
We are subject to state laws and regulations that require diversification of our investment portfolios and limit the amounts of investments in certain asset categories, such as below-investment grade fixed income securities, equity real estate, other equity investments and derivatives. Failure to comply with these requirements and limitations could cause affected investments to be treated as non-admitted assets for purposes of measuring statutory surplus and, in some instances, could require the divestiture of such non-qualifying investments.

Statutory accounting principles
Statutory accounting principles ("SAP"), are a basis of accounting developed to assist insurance regulators in monitoring and regulating the solvency of insurance companies. SAP is primarily concerned with measuring an insurer’s solvency. Statutory accounting focuses on valuing assets and liabilities of insurers at financial reporting dates in accordance with appropriate insurance law and regulatory provisions applicable in each insurer’s domiciliary state.

GAAP is concerned with a company’s solvency, but is also concerned with other financial measurements, principally income and cash flows. Accordingly, GAAP gives more consideration to appropriately matching revenue and expenses and accounting for management’s stewardship of assets than does SAP. As a direct result, different assets and liabilities and different amounts of assets and liabilities will be reflected in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP as compared to SAP.

25

Table of Contents
Potential issuing carrier restrictions
In certain states, including Florida and Kentucky, the Insurance Commissioner has the authority to prohibit an authorized insurer from acting as an issuing carrier for an unauthorized insurer. In addition, insurance departments in states in which there is no statutory or regulatory prohibition against an authorized insurer acting as an issuing carrier for an unauthorized insurer could deem the assuming insurer to be transacting insurance business without a license and the issuing carrier to be aiding and abetting the unauthorized sale of insurance.

Enterprise risk and other developments
The NAIC, as part of its solvency modernization initiative, has engaged in a concerted effort to strengthen the ability of U.S. state insurance regulators to monitor U.S. insurance holding company groups. The NAIC’s solvency modernization initiative, among other things, aims to expand the authority and focus of state insurance regulators to encompass U.S. insurance holding company systems at the group level.

The holding company reform efforts at the NAIC culminated in December 2010 in the adoption of significant amendments to the NAIC’s Insurance Holding Company System Regulatory Act (the "Model Holding Company Act") and its Insurance Holding Company System Model Regulation (the "Model Holding Company Regulation"). Among other things, the revised Model Holding Company Act and Model Holding Company Regulation explicitly address "enterprise" risk - the risk that an activity, circumstance, event or series of events involving one or more affiliates of an insurer will, if not remedied promptly, be likely to have a material adverse effect upon the financial condition or liquidity of the insurer or its insurance holding company system as a whole - and require annual reporting of potential enterprise risk as well as access to information to allow the state insurance regulator to assess such risk. In addition, the Model Holding Company Act amendments include a requirement to the effect that any person divesting control over an insurer must provide 30 days’ notice to the regulator and the insurer (with an exception for cases where a Form A is being filed). The amendments direct the domestic state insurance regulator to determine those instances in which a divesting person will be required to file for and obtain approval of the transaction. Some form of the 2010 amendments to the Model Holding Company Act has been adopted in all states.

In December 2014, the NAIC adopted additional revisions to the Model Holding Company Act, updating the model to clarify the group-wide supervisor for a defined class of internationally active insurance groups. The revisions also outline the process for determining the lead state for domestic insurance groups, outline the activities the commissioner may engage in as group-wide supervisor and extend confidentiality protections to cover information received in the course of group-wide supervision. The 2014 revisions to the Model Holding Company Act have been adopted in all accredited U.S. jurisdictions.

In 2012, the NAIC adopted the Risk Management and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment ("ORSA") Model Act, which requires domestic insurers to maintain a risk management framework and establishes a legal requirement for domestic insurers to conduct an ORSA in accordance with the NAIC’s ORSA Guidance Manual. The ORSA Model Act provides that domestic insurers, or their insurance group, must regularly conduct an ORSA consistent with a process comparable to the ORSA Guidance Manual process. The ORSA Model Act also provides that, no more than once a year, an insurer’s domiciliary regulator may request that an insurer submit an ORSA summary report, or any combination of reports that together contain the information described in the ORSA Guidance Manual, with respect to the insurer and the insurance group of which it is a member. If and when the ORSA Model Act is adopted by a particular state, the ORSA Model Act would impose more extensive filing requirements on parents and other affiliates of domestic insurers. Each of Kansas, California and Utah have adopted their version of the ORSA Model Act. Our insurance company subsidiaries, Benchmark, ALIC and 7710, will be subject to the requirements of the ORSA Model Act adopted in Kansas, California, Utah and South Carolina, respectively, when their direct written premiums and unaffiliated assumed premiums, if any, exceed $500 million (Benchmark, ALIC and 7710 are currently exempt from such requirements based on the amount of their direct written premiums and unaffiliated assumed premiums).

Privacy regulation
Federal and state law and regulation require financial institutions to protect the security and confidentiality of personal information, including health-related and customer information, and to notify customers and other individuals about their policies and practices relating to their collection and disclosure of health- related and customer information and their practices relating to protecting the security and confidentiality of that information. State laws regulate the use and disclosure of social security numbers and federal and state laws require notice to affected individuals, law enforcement, regulators and others if there is a breach of the security of certain personal information, including social security numbers. Federal and state laws and regulations regulate the ability of financial institutions to make telemarketing calls and to send unsolicited e-mail or fax messages to consumers and customers. Federal and state lawmakers and regulatory bodies may be expected to consider additional or more detailed regulation regarding these subjects and the privacy and security of personal information.
26

Table of Contents

Cybersecurity regulation
The NAIC adopted the Insurance Data Security Model Law in October 2017. As of the date of this Annual Report, 11 states, including South Carolina but not including Kansas, California or Utah, have adopted the model law or a variation of it. We expect that additional regulations could be enacted in other jurisdictions that could impact our cybersecurity program. Depending on these and other potential implementation requirements, we will likely incur additional costs of compliance.

Available Information

We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and other information filed by us with the SEC are available, without charge, on our Internet web site, http://www.trean.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the SEC. The information on our website is not a part of this Annual Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The execution of our business strategy, our results of operations and our financial condition are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. A summary of certain material risks is provided below, and you should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties, as well as the financial and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, in evaluating any investment decision involving the Company. This section does not describe all risks and uncertainties applicable to us and is intended only as a summary of certain factors that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects and the industry in which we operate. Other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K contain additional information about these and other risks and uncertainties. The occurrence of any of these risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects and cause the value of our stock to decline, which could cause you to lose all or part of your investment.

Risks related to COVID-19

Disruptions related to COVID-19, including economic impacts of the COVID-19-related governmental actions, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has spread to multiple countries, including the U.S., and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve and has resulted in quarantines, reductions in business activity, widespread unemployment and overall economic and financial market instability. In addition, the ongoing continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic impacts of COVID-19-related governmental actions may also eventually have an impact on our premium revenue, our loss experience and loss expense, liquidity, or our regulatory capital and surplus, and operations.

It is still difficult to determine the ultimate effect of the significantly impacted financial markets, businesses, households and communities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, will have on our future revenues or expected claims and losses. Legislative and regulatory initiatives taken, or which may be taken in the future in response to COVID-19, may adversely affect our operations, particularly with respect to our workers’ compensation businesses. Adverse effects could include:
Legislative or regulatory action seeking to retroactively mandate coverage for losses, which our policies would not otherwise cover or have been priced to cover;
Regulatory actions relaxing reporting requirements for claims, which may affect coverage under our claims made and reported policies;
Legislative actions prohibiting us from canceling policies in accordance with our policy terms or non-renewing policies at their expiration date;
Legislative orders to provide premium refunds, extend premium payment grace periods and allow time extensions for past due premium payments;
27

Table of Contents
We may have increased workers’ compensation loss expense and claims frequency if policyholder employees in high risk roles with essential businesses contract COVID-19 in the workplace;
We may have increased workers’ compensation loss expense and claims frequency if policyholder employees experience an adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccines due to the employer requiring or strongly encouraging vaccination for employees—a majority of case law thus far has determined adverse reactions in these situations are compensable under workers’ compensation laws;
We have not seen a significant increase in incurred losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic, high unemployment and low interest rates could adversely affect our profitability and declining payrolls could adversely affect our workers' compensation written premiums;
Travel restrictions and quarantines leading to a lack of in-person meetings, which would hinder our ability to establish relationships or originate new business;
Alternative working arrangements, including employees working remotely, which could negatively impact our business should such arrangements remain for an extended period of time;
We may experience elevated frequency and severity in our workers’ compensation lines as a result of legislative or regulatory action to effectively expand workers’ compensation coverage for certain types of workers; and
We may experience delayed reporting of losses, settlement negotiations and disputed claims resolution above our normal claims resolution trends.

The occurrence of any of these events or experiences, individually or collectively, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks related to our business and industry

Failure of our Program Partners or our Owned MGAs to properly market, underwrite or administer policies could adversely affect us.
The marketing, underwriting, claims administration and other administration of policies in connection with our issuing carrier services and for business written directly by our Owned MGAs are the responsibility of our Program Partners and our Owned MGAs. Any failure by them to properly handle these functions could result in liability to us. Even though our Program Partners may be required to compensate us for any such liability, there are risks that such compensation may be insufficient or entirely unavailable—for example, if the relevant Program Partner becomes insolvent or is otherwise unable to pay us. Any such failures could result in monetary losses, create regulatory issues or harm our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on a limited number of Program Partners for a substantial portion of our gross written premiums.
We source a significant amount of our premiums from our Program Partners, which are generally MGAs and insurance companies. Historically, we have focused our business on a limited group of core Program Partners and have sought to grow the business by expanding existing Program Partner relationships and selectively adding new Program Partners. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 35% and 34% of our gross written premiums were derived from our top ten Program Partners.

A significant decrease in business from, or the entire loss of, any of our largest Program Partners or several of our other Program Partners may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. More than half of our gross written premiums are written in three key states.

Our business is subject to significant geographic concentration, as more than half of our gross written premiums are written in three key states.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we derived approximately 42%, 9% and 6%, respectively, of our gross written premiums in the states of California, Michigan and Texas. As a result, our financial results are subject to prevailing regulatory, legal, economic, demographic, competitive and other conditions including any single, major catastrophic event, series of events or other condition causing significant losses in California, Michigan and Texas, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

28

Table of Contents
A downgrade in the A.M. Best financial strength ratings of our insurance company subsidiaries may negatively affect our business.
Our insurance company subsidiaries are evaluated for overall financial strength by A.M. Best to receive financial strength ratings ("FSRs"), which are an important factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. These FSRs reflect A.M. Best’s opinion of our insurance company subsidiaries’ financial strength, operating performance, strategic position and ability to meet obligations to policyholders, and are not evaluations directed to investors. Our insurance company subsidiaries’ FSRs are subject to periodic review, and the criteria used in the rating methodologies are subject to change. While all of our insurance company subsidiaries are currently rated "A" (Excellent), their FSRs are subject to change. In addition, a significant portion of our business is conducted through small- and mid-sized insurance carriers, program managers and other insurance organizations that do not have an A.M. Best FSR themselves or otherwise require a highly rated carrier, such as ourselves, to meet their business objectives. A downgrade in our insurance company subsidiaries’ FSRs could lead to our Program Partners doing business preferentially with other insurance companies and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to accurately underwrite risks and charge competitive yet profitable rates to our clients and policyholders, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
In general, the premiums for our insurance policies are established at the time a policy is issued and, therefore, before all of our underlying costs are known. Like other insurance companies, we rely on estimates and assumptions in setting our premium rates. Establishing adequate premium rates is necessary, together with investment income, to generate sufficient revenue to offset losses and LAE and other general and administrative expenses in order to earn a profit. If we do not accurately assess the risks that we assume, we may not charge adequate premiums to cover our losses and expenses, which would adversely affect our results of operations and our profitability. Alternatively, we could set our premiums too high, which could reduce our competitiveness and lead to lower policyholder retention, resulting in lower revenues. Pricing is a highly complex exercise involving the acquisition and analysis of historical loss data and the projection of future trends, loss costs and expenses, and inflation trends, among other factors, for each of our products in multiple risk tiers and many different markets. To accurately price our policies, we must:
collect and properly analyze a substantial volume of data from our insureds;
develop, test and apply appropriate actuarial projections and ratings formulas;
closely monitor and timely recognize changes in trends; and
project both frequency and severity of our insureds’ losses with reasonable accuracy.

We seek to implement our pricing accurately in accordance with our assumptions. Our ability to undertake these efforts successfully and, as a result, accurately price our policies, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:
insufficient or unreliable data;
incorrect or incomplete analysis of available data;
uncertainties generally inherent in estimates and assumptions;
our failure to implement appropriate actuarial projections and ratings formulas or other pricing methodologies;
regulatory constraints on rate increases;
our failure to accurately estimate investment yields and the duration of our liability for losses and LAE; and
unanticipated court decisions, legislation or regulatory action.

If actual renewals of our existing contracts do not meet expectations, our written premiums in future years and our future results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Many of our contracts are written for a one-year term. In our financial forecasting process, we make assumptions about the rates of renewal of our prior year’s contracts. The insurance and reinsurance industries have historically been cyclical businesses with intense competition, often based on and highly sensitive to price. If actual renewals do not substantially meet expectations or if we choose not to write a renewal because of pricing conditions, our written premiums in future years and our future operations would be materially adversely affected.

29

Table of Contents
We may change our underwriting guidelines or our strategy without stockholder approval.
Our management has the authority to change our underwriting guidelines or our strategy without notice to our stockholders and without stockholder approval. As a result, we may make fundamental changes to our operations without stockholder approval, which could result in our pursuing a strategy or implementing underwriting guidelines that may be materially different from the strategy or underwriting guidelines described in the section titled "Business" or elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We may act based on inaccurate or incomplete information regarding the accounts we underwrite.
We rely on information provided by insureds or their representatives when underwriting insurance policies, and this information may be incorrect or incomplete. While we may make inquiries to validate or supplement the information provided, such inquiries cannot eliminate all risk that the information provided will be correct and complete and will include all factors and context relevant to our underwriting decisions and process. It is possible that we will misunderstand the nature or extent of the activities or facilities and the corresponding extent of the risks that we insure because of our reliance on inadequate or inaccurate information.

Our employees could take excessive risks, which could negatively affect our financial condition and business.
As an insurance enterprise, we are in the business of evaluating and binding certain risks. The employees who conduct our business, including executive officers and other members of management, underwriters, product managers and other employees, do so in part by making decisions and choices that involve exposing us to risk. These include decisions such as setting underwriting guidelines and standards, product design and pricing, determining which business opportunities to pursue and other decisions. We endeavor, in both the setting and execution of our business strategy and the design and implementation of our compensation programs and practices, to avoid giving our employees incentives to take excessive risks. Employees may, however, take such risks regardless of strategic directives or the structure of our compensation programs and practices. Similarly, although we employ controls and procedures designed to monitor employees’ business decisions and prevent them from taking excessive risks, these controls and procedures may not be effective. If our employees take excessive risks, the impact of those risks could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.

We may be unable to access the capital markets when needed, which may adversely affect our ability to take advantage of business opportunities as they arise and to fund our operations in a cost-effective manner.
Our ability to grow our business, either organically or through acquisitions, depends, in part, on our ability to access capital when needed. Capital markets may become illiquid from time to time, and we cannot predict the extent and duration of future economic and market disruptions or the impact of any government interventions. We may not be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we need capital but cannot raise it or cannot obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected and we may be unable to execute our long-term growth strategy.

Adverse economic factors, including recession, inflation, periods of high unemployment or lower economic activity could result in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in frequency or severity of claims and premium defaults or both, which, in turn, could affect our growth and profitability.
Factors, such as business revenue, economic conditions, the volatility and strength of the capital markets and inflation can affect the business and economic environment. These same factors affect our ability to generate revenue and profits. In an economic downturn that is characterized by higher unemployment, declining spending and reduced corporate revenues, the demand for insurance products is generally adversely affected, which directly affects our premium levels and profitability. Prolonged and high unemployment that reduces the payrolls of our insureds would reduce the premiums that we are able to collect. Negative economic factors may also affect our ability to receive the appropriate rate for the risk we insure and may adversely affect our opportunities to underwrite profitable business.

Negative developments in the workers’ compensation insurance industry could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Although we engage in other businesses, 76.2% of our gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2020 were attributable to workers’ compensation insurance policies providing both primary and excess coverage. As a result, negative developments in the economic, competitive or regulatory conditions affecting the workers’ compensation insurance industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, if one of our
30

Table of Contents
larger markets were to enact legislation to increase the scope or amount of benefits for employees under workers’ compensation insurance policies without related premium increases or loss control measures, this could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The insurance industry is cyclical in nature.
The financial performance of the insurance industry has historically fluctuated with periods of lower premium rates and excess underwriting capacity resulting from increased competition followed by periods of higher premium rates and reduced underwriting capacity resulting from decreased competition. Although the financial performance of an individual insurance company depends on its own specific business characteristics, the profitability of many insurance companies tends to follow this cyclical market pattern. Because this market cyclicality is due in large part to the actions of our competitors and general economic factors all of which are outside of our control, we cannot predict the timing, duration or magnitude of changes in the market cycle. We expect these cyclical patterns will cause our revenues and net income to fluctuate, which may cause the market price of our common stock to be more volatile.

Our failure to accurately and timely pay claims could harm our business.
We must accurately and timely evaluate and pay claims to manage costs and close claims expeditiously. Many factors affect our ability to evaluate and pay claims accurately and timely, including the training and experience of our claims staff, our claims department’s culture and the effectiveness of our management, our ability to develop or select and implement appropriate procedures and systems to support our claims functions and other factors. Our failure to accurately and timely pay claims could lead to regulatory and administrative actions or material litigation, undermine our reputation in the marketplace and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we do not hire and train new claims staff effectively or if we lose a significant number of experienced claims staff, our claims department may be required to handle an increasing workload, which could adversely affect the quality of our claims administration, and our business could be materially and adversely affected.

The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on our business are uncertain.
As industry practices and economic, legal, judicial, social and other environmental conditions change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and coverage may emerge. These issues may adversely affect our business by either extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or by increasing the number or size of claims. Examples of emerging claims and coverage issues include, but are not limited to:
judicial expansion of policy coverage and the impact of new theories of liability;
plaintiffs targeting property and casualty (P&C) insurers in purported class action litigation relating to claims-handling and other practices;
medical developments that link health issues to particular causes, resulting in liability claims; and
claims relating to unanticipated consequences of current or new technologies, including cyber-security related risks and claims relating to potentially changing climate conditions.

In some instances, these emerging issues may not become apparent for some time after we have issued the affected insurance policies. As a result, the full extent of liability under our insurance policies may not be known until many years after the policies are issued.

In addition, the potential passage of new legislation or effects of court decisions that expand the right to sue, remove limitations on recovery, extend applicable statutes of limitations or otherwise repeal or weaken tort reforms could have an adverse impact on our business.

The effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues are difficult to predict and could harm our business and materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Our risk management policies and procedures may prove to be ineffective and leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk.
We have developed and continue to develop enterprise-wide risk management policies and procedures to mitigate risk and loss to which we are exposed. There are inherent limitations to risk management strategies because there may exist, or
31

Table of Contents
develop in the future, risks that we have not anticipated, identified or accurately assessed. If our risk management policies and procedures are ineffective, we may suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected. As our business changes and the markets in which we operate evolve, our risk management framework may not adapt at the same pace as those changes. As a result, there is a risk that new products or new business strategies may present risks that are not adequately identified, monitored or managed. In times of market stress, unanticipated market movements or unanticipated claims experience, the effectiveness of our risk management strategies may be insufficient, resulting in losses to us. In addition, we may be unable to effectively review and monitor all risks and our employees may not follow our risk management policies and procedures.

In addition, the NAIC and state legislatures and regulators have increased their focus on risks within an insurer’s holding company system that may pose enterprise risk to insurers. Our insurance company subsidiaries are subject to regulation in Kansas, the state of domicile of Benchmark, California, where Benchmark is commercially domiciled, Utah, the state of domicile of ALIC, and South Carolina, the state of domicile of 7710 Insurance Company. The Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance, the Utah Insurance Department, and the South Carolina Department of Insurance, the primary regulators of our insurance company subsidiaries, have adopted regulations implementing a requirement under the Kansas, California, Utah and South Carolina insurance laws, respectively, for insurance holding companies to adopt a formal enterprise risk management (ERM) function and to file an annual enterprise risk report. The regulations also require domestic insurers to conduct an Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) and to submit an ORSA summary report prepared in accordance with the NAIC’s ORSA Guidance Manual. While we operate within an ERM framework designed to assess and monitor our risks, we may not be able to effectively review and monitor all risks, our employees may not all operate within the ERM framework and our ERM framework may not result in our accurately identifying all risks and limiting our exposures based on our assessments.

If we are unable to obtain reinsurance coverage at reasonable prices or on terms that adequately protect us, we may be required to bear increased risks or reduce the level of our underwriting commitments.
Our insurance company subsidiaries purchase reinsurance as part of our overall risk management strategy. While reinsurance does not discharge our insurance company subsidiaries from their obligation to pay claims for losses insured under their insurance policies, it does make the reinsurer liable to them for the reinsured portion of the risk. As part of our strategy for our issuing carrier business, we reinsure underwriting risk to third-party reinsurers. At the inception of a new program, we typically act as an issuing carrier where we reinsure a substantial amount of such risk to third parties. For these reasons, reinsurance is an important tool to manage transaction and insurance risk retention and to mitigate losses. We may be unable to maintain our current reinsurance arrangements or to obtain other reinsurance in adequate amounts and at favorable rates, particularly if reinsurers become unwilling or unable to support our specialized issuing carrier model in the future. Additionally, market conditions beyond our control may impact the availability and cost of reinsurance and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In recent years, our Program Partners have benefited from favorable market conditions, including growth in the role of MGAs and of offshore and other alternative sources of reinsurance. A decline in the availability of reinsurance, increases in the cost of reinsurance or a decreased level of activity by MGAs could limit the amount of issuing carrier business we could write and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We may, at certain times, be forced to incur additional costs for reinsurance or may be unable to obtain sufficient reinsurance on terms acceptable to us. In the latter case, we would have to accept an increase in exposure to risk, reduce the amount of business written by our insurance company subsidiaries or seek alternatives in line with our risk limits, all of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to reinsurance counterparty credit risk. Our reinsurers may not pay on losses in a timely fashion, or at all.
We purchase reinsurance to transfer part of the risk we have assumed (known as ceding) to a reinsurance company in exchange for part of the premium we receive in connection with the risk. Although reinsurance makes the reinsurer liable to us to the extent the risk is transferred or ceded to the reinsurer, it does not relieve us (the reinsured) of our liability to policyholders. Accordingly, we are exposed to credit risk with respect to our reinsurers to the extent the reinsurance receivable is not sufficiently secured by collateral or does not benefit from other credit enhancements. We also bear the risk that a reinsurer may be unwilling to pay amounts we have recorded as reinsurance recoverable for any reason, including that:
the terms of the reinsurance contract do not reflect the intent of the parties of the contract or there is a disagreement between the parties as to their intent;
the terms of the contract cannot be legally enforced;
the terms of the contract are interpreted by a court or arbitration panel differently than intended;
32

Table of Contents
the reinsurance transaction performs differently than we anticipated due to a flawed design of the reinsurance structure, terms or conditions; or
a change in laws and regulations, or in the interpretation of the laws and regulations, materially affects a reinsurance transaction.

The insolvency of one or more of our reinsurers, or their inability or unwillingness to make timely payments if and when required under the terms of our contracts, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our issuing carrier arrangements contain limits on the reinsurer’s obligations to us.
While we reinsure underwriting risk in our issuing carrier business, including a substantial amount of such risk at the inception of a new program, we have in certain cases entered into programs that contain limits on our reinsurers’ obligations to us, including loss ratio caps or aggregate reinsurance limits. To the extent losses under these programs exceed the prescribed limits, we will be liable to pay the losses in excess of such limits, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Retention of business written by us or our Program Partners could expose us to potential losses.
We retain risk for our own account on business underwritten by both our insurance company subsidiaries and our Program Partners. The determination to retain risk by reducing the amount of reinsurance we purchase, or by not purchasing reinsurance for a particular risk, customer segment or niche, is based on a complex variety of factors, including market conditions, pricing, availability of reinsurance, our capital levels, loss experience, and tolerance. A determination by us to retain greater risk increases our financial exposure to losses and significant losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.

Our loss reserves may be inadequate to cover our actual losses.
Significant periods of time often elapse between the occurrence of an insured loss, the reporting of the loss to us and our payment of that loss. To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses, we establish reserves as balance sheet liabilities representing estimates of amounts needed to pay reported and unreported losses and the related LAE. Loss reserves are estimates of the ultimate cost of claims and do not represent a precise calculation of any ultimate liability. These estimates are based on historical information and on estimates of future trends that may affect the frequency and severity of claims that may be reported in the future. Estimating loss reserves is a difficult, complex and inherently uncertain process involving many variables and subjective judgments. As part of the reserving process, we review historical data and consider the impact of various factors such as:
loss emergence and cedant reporting patterns;
underlying policy terms and conditions;
business and exposure mix;
trends in claim frequency and severity;
changes in operations;
emerging economic and social trends;
inflation; and
changes in the regulatory and litigation environments.

This process assumes that past experience, adjusted for the effects of current developments and anticipated trends, is an appropriate basis for predicting future events. It also assumes that adequate historical or other data exists upon which to make these judgments. For more information on the estimates used in the establishment of loss reserves, see "Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations - Critical accounting estimates - Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. There is, however, no precise method for evaluating the impact of any specific factor on the adequacy of reserves and actual results are likely to differ from original estimates, perhaps materially. If the actual amount of insured losses is greater than the amount we have reserved for these losses, our profitability could suffer.

33

Table of Contents
We may not be able to manage our growth effectively.
We intend to grow our business in the future, which could require additional capital, systems development and skilled personnel. To effect our growth strategy, however, we must be able to meet our capital needs, expand our systems and our internal controls effectively, allocate our human resources optimally, identify and hire qualified employees or effectively incorporate any acquisitions we make in our effort to achieve growth. The failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to grow our business will depend in part on the addition of new Program Partners, and our inability to effectively onboard such new Program Partners could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to grow our business will depend in part on the addition of new Program Partners. If we do not effectively onboard our new Program Partners, including assisting such Program Partners to quickly resolve any post-onboarding issues and provide effective ongoing support, our ability to add new Program Partners and our relationships with our existing Program Partners could be adversely affected. Additionally, our reputation with potential new customers could be damaged if we fail to meet the requirements of our customers as a result of any of our failure to effectively onboard new Program Partners. Such reputational damage could make it more difficult for us to attract new and retain existing Program Partners, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be adversely affected by the loss of one or more key executives or by an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel.
We depend on our ability to attract and retain experienced personnel and seasoned key executives who are knowledgeable about our business and industry. The pool of talent from which we actively recruit may fluctuate based on market dynamics specific to our industry and independent of overall economic conditions. As such, higher demand for employees having the desired skills and expertise could lead to increased compensation expectations for existing and prospective personnel, making it difficult for us to retain and recruit key personnel and maintain labor costs at desired levels. Should any of our executives terminate their employment with us, or if we are unable to retain and attract talented personnel, we may be unable to maintain our current competitive position in the specialized markets in which we operate, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Performance of our investment portfolio is subject to a variety of investment risks.
Our results of operations depend, in part, on the performance of our investment portfolio. We seek to hold a high-quality portfolio of investments that is managed by a professional investment advisory management firm in accordance with our investment policy and routinely reviewed by our management team. Our investments, however, are subject to general economic conditions and market risks as well as risks inherent to particular securities.

Our primary market risk exposures are to changes in interest rates. See "Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk." In recent years, interest rates have been at or near historic lows. A protracted low interest rate environment would continue to place pressure on our net investment income, which, in turn, may adversely affect our profitability. Future increases in interest rates could cause the values of our fixed income securities portfolios to decline, with the magnitude of the decline depending on the duration of securities included in our portfolio and the amount by which interest rates increase. Some fixed income securities have call or prepayment options, which create possible reinvestment risk in declining rate environments. Other fixed income securities, such as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, carry prepayment risk or, in a rising interest rate environment, may not prepay as quickly as expected.

The value of our investment portfolio is subject to the risk that certain investments may default or become impaired due to deterioration in the financial condition of one or more issuers of the securities we hold, or due to deterioration in the financial condition of an insurer that guarantees an issuer’s payments on such investments. Downgrades in the credit ratings of fixed maturities also have a significant negative effect on the market valuation of such securities.

Such factors could reduce our net investment income and result in realized investment losses. Our investment portfolio is subject to increased valuation uncertainties when investment markets are illiquid. The valuation of investments is more subjective when markets are illiquid, thereby increasing the risk that the estimated fair value (i.e., the carrying amount) of the securities we hold in our portfolio does not reflect prices at which actual transactions would occur.

34

Table of Contents
Risks for all types of securities are managed through the application of our investment policy, which establishes investment parameters that include maximum percentages of investment in certain types of securities and minimum levels of credit quality, which we believe are within applicable guidelines established by the NAIC, the Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance, the Utah Insurance Department and the South Carolina Department of Insurance. Our investment objectives may not be achieved in whole or in part, and results may vary substantially over time. In addition, although we seek to employ investment strategies that are not correlated with our insurance and reinsurance exposures, losses in our investment portfolio may occur at the same time as underwriting losses.

Any shift in our investment strategy could increase the risk exposure of our investment portfolio and the volatility of our results, which, in turn, may adversely affect our profitability.
Our investment strategy has historically been focused on fixed income securities which have historically been subject to less volatility but also lower returns as compared to certain other asset classes. In the future, our investment strategy may include a greater focus on investments in equity securities, which are subject, among other things, to changes in value that may be attributable to market perception of a particular issuer or industry or to general stock market fluctuations that affect all issuers. Common stocks also generally subject their holders to greater risk of loss than preferred stocks and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of the issuer. For these reasons, among others, investments in equity securities have historically been more volatile than investments in other asset classes such as fixed income securities. An increase in the overall risk exposure of our investment portfolio could increase the volatility of our results, which, in turn, may adversely affect our profitability.

We could be forced to sell investments to meet our liquidity requirements.
We invest the premiums we receive from our insureds until they are needed to pay policyholder claims. Consequently, we seek to manage the duration of our investment portfolio based on the expected duration of our losses and loss adjustment expenses reserves to ensure sufficient liquidity and avoid having to liquidate investments to fund claims. Risks such as inadequate losses and loss adjustment expenses reserves or unfavorable trends in litigation could potentially result in the need to sell investments to fund these liabilities. We may not be able to sell our investments at favorable prices or at all and sales of our investments could result in significant realized losses depending on the conditions of the general market, interest rates and credit issues with individual securities.

We may face increased competition in our programs market.
While we believe there are relatively few competitors in the small- and mid-sized programs market that have the broad in-house expertise and wide array of services that we offer to our Program Partners, we may face increased competition if other companies decide to compete with us in our programs market or competitors begin to offer policy administration or other services. Any increase in competition in this market, especially by one or more companies that have greater resources than we have, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We compete with a large number of companies in the insurance industry for underwriting premium.
We compete with a large number of other companies in the insurance industry for underwriting premium. During periods of intense competition for premium, in particular, our business may be challenged to maintain competitiveness with other companies that may seek to write policies without the same regard for risk and profitability as we have exhibited historically. During these times, it may be difficult for us to grow or maintain premium volume without lowering underwriting standards, sacrificing income, or both.

In addition, we face competition from a wide range of specialty insurance companies, underwriting agencies and intermediaries, as well as diversified financial services companies that are significantly larger than we are and that have significantly greater financial, marketing, management and other resources. Some of these competitors also have greater market recognition than we do. The greater resources or market presence that these competitors possess may enable them to avoid or defray particular costs, employ greater pricing flexibility, have a higher tolerance for risk or loss, or exploit other advantages that may make it more difficult for us to compete. We may incur increased costs in competing for underwriting revenues in this environment. If we are unable to compete effectively in the markets in which we operate or expand our operations into new markets, our underwriting revenues may decline, as well as overall business results.

35

Table of Contents
Our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and FSRs are subject to the effects of natural and man-made catastrophic events.
Events such as hurricanes, windstorms, flooding, earthquakes, wildfires, solar storms, acts of terrorism, explosions and fires, cyber-crimes, public health crises, illness, epidemics or pandemic health events, product defects, mass torts and other catastrophes may adversely affect our business in the future. Such catastrophic events, and any relevant regulations, could expose us to:
widespread claim costs associated with P&C and workers’ compensation claims;
losses resulting from a decline in the value of our invested assets;
losses resulting from actual policy experience that is adverse compared to the assumptions made in product pricing;
declines in value and/or losses with respect to companies and other entities whose securities we hold and counterparties with whom we transact business to whom we have credit exposure, including reinsurers, and declines in the value of investments; and
significant interruptions to our systems and operations.

Natural and man-made catastrophic events are generally unpredictable. While we have structured our business and selected our niches in part to avoid catastrophic losses, our exposure to such losses depends on various factors, including the frequency and severity of the catastrophes, the rate of inflation and the value and geographic or other concentrations of insured companies and individuals. Vendor models and proprietary assumptions and processes that we use to manage catastrophe exposure may prove to be ineffective due to incorrect assumptions or estimates.

In addition, legislative and regulatory initiatives and court decisions following major catastrophes could require us to pay the insured beyond the provisions of the original insurance policy and may prohibit the application of a deductible, resulting in inflated catastrophe claims.

These and other disruptions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Global climate change may in the future increase the frequency and severity of weather events and resulting losses, particularly to the extent our policies are concentrated in geographic areas where such events occur, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Scientific evidence indicates that man-made production of greenhouse gas has had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on the global climate. There is a growing consensus today that climate change increases the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and, in recent years, the frequency of extreme weather events appears to have increased. We cannot predict whether or to what extent damage that may be caused by natural events, such as wild fires, severe tropical storms and hurricanes, will affect our ability to write new insurance policies and reinsurance contracts, but, to the extent our policies are concentrated in the specific geographic areas in which these events occur, the increased frequency and severity of such events and the total amount of our loss exposure in the impacted areas of such events may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, although we have historically had limited exposure to catastrophic risk, claims from catastrophic events could reduce our earnings and cause substantial volatility in our business, financial condition and results of operations for any period. However, assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change and the range of approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including impacts related to extreme weather events and slow onset events, remains a challenge and might adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because our business depends on insurance brokers, we are exposed to certain risks arising out of our reliance on these distribution channels that could adversely affect our results.
Certain premiums from policyholders, where the business is produced by brokers, are collected directly by the brokers and forwarded to our insurance subsidiaries. In certain jurisdictions, when the insured pays its policy premium to its broker for payment on behalf of our insurance subsidiaries, the premium may be considered to have been paid under applicable insurance laws and regulations. Accordingly, the insured would no longer be liable to us for those amounts, whether or not we have actually received the premium from that broker. Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with the brokers with whom we work. Where necessary, we review the financial condition of potential new brokers before we agree to transact business with them. Although the failure by any of our brokers to remit premiums to us has not been material to date,
36

Table of Contents
there may be instances where our brokers collect premiums but do not remit them to us and we may be required under applicable law to provide the coverage set forth in the policy despite the absence of related premiums being paid to us.

Because the possibility of these events occurring depends in large part on the financial condition and internal operations of our brokers, we monitor broker behavior and review financial information on an as-needed basis. If we are unable to collect premiums from our brokers in the future, our underwriting profits may decline and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our operating results have in the past varied from quarter to quarter and may not be indicative of our long-term prospects.
Our operating results are subject to fluctuation and have historically varied from quarter to quarter. We expect our quarterly results to continue to fluctuate in the future due to a number of factors, including the general economic conditions in the markets where we operate, the frequency of occurrence or severity of catastrophic or other insured events, fluctuating interest rates, claims exceeding our loss reserves, competition in our industry, deviations from expected renewal rates of our existing policies and contracts, adverse investment performance and the cost of reinsurance coverage.

In particular, we seek to underwrite products and make investments to achieve favorable returns on tangible stockholders’ equity over the long term. In addition, our opportunistic nature and focus on long-term growth in tangible equity may result in fluctuations in gross written premiums from period to period as we concentrate on underwriting contracts that we believe will generate better long-term, rather than short-term, results. Accordingly, our short-term results of operations may not be indicative of our long-term prospects.

Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our intellectual property, proprietary technology platform and brand, or we may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights.
Our success and ability to compete depend in part on our intellectual property, which includes our rights in our proprietary technology platform and our brand. We primarily rely on copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, and confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, service providers, partners and others to protect our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Additionally, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity, enforceability and scope of our intellectual property rights. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our brand and adversely impact our business.

Our success depends also in part on our not infringing on the intellectual property rights of others. Our competitors, as well as a number of other entities and individuals, may own or claim to own intellectual property relating to our industry. In the future, third parties may claim that we are infringing on their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing on such rights. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our services, or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation could be costly and time consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.

Technology risks

Technology breaches or failures of our or our business partners’ systems could adversely affect our business.
Global cybersecurity threats can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information technology systems and those of our business partners or service providers to sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats. While we and our business partners and service providers employ measures designed to prevent, detect, address and mitigate these threats (including access controls, data encryption, vulnerability assessments, continuous monitoring of information technology networks and systems and maintenance of backup and protective systems), cybersecurity incidents, depending on their nature and scope, could potentially result in the misappropriation, destruction, corruption or unavailability of critical data (personal or otherwise) and confidential or proprietary information (our own or that of third parties) and the disruption of business operations. In 2020, we discovered that we were subject to a cybersecurity incident that involved a third party obtaining unauthorized access to an employee’s electronic mailbox that was compromised
37

Table of Contents
in August 2019 through a phishing email. In conjunction with our cybersecurity insurance carrier, we engaged outside counsel and a consulting firm specializing in digital forensics. The incident did not have a significant effect on our business, financial performance or reputation. In conjunction with our internal evaluation and through consultation with outside counsel, we performed a targeted notification of the data breach to those affected individuals for which we had accurate contact information and this matter is considered closed.

In November 2020, we discovered that one of our subsidiaries was subject to an incident involving a third party obtaining unauthorized access to an employee's electronic mailbox through a phishing email. Through our internal investigations, it was determined that no additional email accounts were compromised. Our cybersecurity insurance carrier was engaged, and it was determined that the exposure did not warrant additional data forensics. The incident did not have a significant effect on our business, financial performance or reputation. Significant security controls and system upgrades have since been implemented to mitigate risks. As a result of our internal evaluation and in consultation with outside insurance carrier, this matter is considered closed.

In addition, cyber incidents that impact the availability, reliability, speed, accuracy or other proper functioning of our technology systems (or the data held by such systems) could affect our operations. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent every type of cyber-attack. A significant cybersecurity incident, including system failure, security breach, disruption by malware or other damage could interrupt or delay our operations, result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, expose us to litigation and potential liability, damage our reputation, cause a loss of customers or give rise to monetary fines and other penalties, any or all of which could be material. It is possible that insurance coverage we have in place would not entirely protect us in the event that we experienced a cybersecurity incident, interruption or widespread failure of our information technology systems.

Any significant interruption in the operation of our computer systems could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on multiple computer systems to interact with customers, issue policies, pay claims, run modeling functions, assess insurance risks and complete various important internal processes including accounting and bookkeeping. Our business depends on our ability to access these systems to perform necessary business functions. Additionally, some of these systems may include or rely upon third-party systems not located on our premises. Any of these systems may be exposed to unplanned interruption, unreliability or intrusion from a variety of causes, including among others, storms and other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, utility outages, security breaches or complications encountered as existing systems are replaced or upgraded.

Any such issues could materially affect us including the impairment of information availability, compromise of system integrity or accuracy, misappropriation of confidential information, reduction of our volume of transactions and interruption of our general business. Although we believe our computer systems are securely protected and continue to take steps to ensure they are protected against such risks, such problems may occur. If they do, interruption to our business and damage to our reputation, and related costs, could be significant, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We employ third-party licensed software for use in our business and the inability to maintain these licenses or errors in the software we license, could result in increased costs, or reduced service levels, which would adversely affect our business.
Our business relies on certain third-party software obtained under licenses from other companies. We anticipate that we will continue to rely on such third-party software in the future. Although we believe that there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, this may not always be the case, or it may be difficult or costly to replace. In addition, integration of new third-party software may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Our use of additional or alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Many of the risks associated with the use of third-party software cannot be eliminated, and these risks could negatively affect our business.

38

Table of Contents
Legal and regulatory risks

We are subject to extensive regulation.
Most insurance regulations are designed to protect the interests of policyholders rather than stockholders and other investors. These regulations, generally administered by a department of insurance in each state and territory in which we do business, relate to, among other things:
approval of policy forms and premium rates;
standards of solvency, including risk-based capital measurements;
licensing of insurers;
challenging our use of fronting arrangements in states in which our Program Partner is not licensed;
imposing minimum capital and surplus requirements for insurance company subsidiaries;
restrictions on agreements with our large revenue-producing agents;
cancellation and non-renewal of policies;
restrictions on the nature, quality and concentration of investments;
restrictions on the ability of our insurance company subsidiaries to pay dividends to us;
restrictions on transactions between our insurance company subsidiaries and their affiliates;
restrictions on the size of risks insurable under a single policy;
requiring deposits for the benefit of policyholders;
requiring certain methods of accounting;
periodic examinations of our operations and finances;
prescribing the form and content of records of financial condition required to be filed; and
requiring reserves for unearned premium, losses and other purposes.

State insurance departments also conduct periodic examinations of the conduct and affairs of insurance companies and require the filing of annual, quarterly and other reports relating to financial condition, holding company issues, ERM and ORSA and other matters. These regulatory requirements could adversely affect or inhibit our ability to achieve some or all of our business objectives, including profitable operations in our various customer segments.

In addition, regulatory authorities have relatively broad discretion to deny or revoke licenses for various reasons, including the violation of regulations. In some instances, we follow practices based on our interpretations of regulations or practices that we believe may be generally followed by the industry. These practices may turn out to be different from the interpretations of regulatory authorities. If we do not have the requisite licenses and approvals or do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, insurance regulatory authorities could fine us, preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities in certain jurisdictions or otherwise penalize us. This could adversely affect our ability to operate our business. Further, changes in the laws and regulations applicable to the insurance industry or interpretations by regulatory authorities could adversely affect our ability to operate our business as currently conducted and in accordance with our business objectives.

In addition to regulations specific to the insurance industry, including the insurance laws of our principal state regulators (the Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance, the Utah Insurance Department and the South Carolina Department of Insurance), as a public company we will also be subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC and the securities exchange on which our common stock is listed, each of which regulate many areas such as financial and business disclosures, corporate governance and stockholder matters. We are also subject to laws relating to federal trade restrictions, privacy/data security and terrorism risk insurance laws.

We monitor these laws, regulations and rules on an ongoing basis to ensure compliance and make appropriate changes as necessary. Implementing such changes may require adjustments to our business methods, increases to our costs and other
39

Table of Contents
changes that could cause us to be less competitive in our industry. For further information on the regulation of our business, see the "Item 1 — Business."

Regulators may challenge our use of fronting arrangements in states in which our Program Partners are not licensed.
We enter into fronting, or issuing carrier, arrangements with our Program Partners that require a broadly licensed, highly rated admitted carrier to conduct their business in states in which such Program Partner is not licensed or is not authorized to write particular lines of insurance. We typically act as the reinsurance broker to the program as well as the issuing carrier, which enables us to charge fees for the placement of reinsurance in addition to the fronting fees. We also receive ceding commissions from third-party reinsurers to which we transfer all or a portion of the underwriting risk. Some state insurance regulators may object to our issuing carrier arrangements. In certain states, including Florida and Kentucky, the insurance commissioner has the authority to prohibit an authorized insurer from acting as an issuing carrier for an unauthorized insurer. In addition, insurance departments in states in which there is no statutory or regulatory prohibition against an authorized insurer acting as an issuing carrier for an unauthorized insurer could deem the assuming insurer to be transacting insurance business without a license and the issuing carrier to be aiding and abetting the unauthorized sale of insurance.

If regulators in any of the states where we conduct our issuing carrier business were to prohibit or limit the arrangement, we would be prevented or limited from conducting that business for which a capacity provider is not authorized in those states, unless and until the capacity provider is able to obtain the necessary licenses. This could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See "We depend on a limited number of Program Partners for a substantial portion of our gross written premiums."

Regulation may become more extensive in the future.
Legislators and regulators may periodically consider various proposals that may affect our business practices and product designs, how we sell or service certain products we offer or the profitability of our business. We continually monitor such proposals and assess how they may apply to us or our competitors or how they could impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to compete effectively.

Increasing regulatory focus on privacy issues and expanding laws could affect our business model and expose us to increased liability.
The regulatory environment surrounding information security and privacy is increasingly demanding.

We are subject to numerous U.S. federal and state laws and non-U.S. regulations governing the protection of personal and confidential information of our customers or employees. On October 24, 2017, the NAIC adopted an Insurance Data Security Model Law, which requires licensed insurance entities to comply with detailed information security requirements. The NAIC model law has been adopted by certain states and is under consideration by others. It is not yet known whether or not, and to what extent, states legislatures or insurance regulators where we operate will enact the Insurance Data Security Model Law, in whole, in part, or in a modified form. Such enactments, especially if inconsistent between states or with existing laws and regulations, could raise compliance costs or increase the risk of noncompliance, with the attendant risk of being subject to regulatory enforcement actions and penalties, as well as reputational harm. Any such events could potentially have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

As a holding company, we rely on dividends and payments from our insurance company subsidiaries to operate our business. Our ability to receive dividends and permitted payments from our subsidiaries is subject to regulatory constraints.
We are a holding company and, as such, have no direct operations of our own. We do not expect to have any significant assets other than our ownership of equity interests in our operating subsidiaries. We accordingly depend on the payment of funds from our subsidiaries in the form of dividends, distributions or otherwise to meet our obligations and to pay our expenses. The ability of our subsidiaries to make any payments to us depends on their earnings, the terms of their indebtedness, including the terms of any credit facilities and legal restrictions.

In addition, dividends payable from our insurance company subsidiaries without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the greater of 10% of (a) Benchmark’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively, or (b) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains); in Utah, the lesser of 10% of (x) ALIC’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Utah Insurance Department, or
40

Table of Contents
(y) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains); and in South Carolina, the greater of 10% of earned surplus or 100% of net income from operations. As of December 31, 2020, the maximum amount of unrestricted dividends that our insurance company subsidiaries could pay to us without approval was $23.9 million. Our insurance company subsidiaries may be unable to pay dividends in the future, and the limitations of such dividends could adversely affect our business, liquidity or financial condition.

We may have exposure to losses from acts of terrorism as we are required by law to provide certain coverage for such losses.
U.S. insurers are required by state and federal law to offer coverage for acts of terrorism in certain commercial lines, including workers’ compensation. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, as extended by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 (TRIPRA) requires commercial P&C insurance companies to offer coverage for acts of terrorism, whether foreign or domestic, and established a federal assistance program through the end of 2020 to help cover claims related to future terrorism-related losses. The likelihood and impact of any terrorist act is unpredictable, and the ultimate impact on us would depend upon the nature, extent, location and timing of such an act. Although we reinsure a portion of the terrorism risk we retain under TRIPRA, our terrorism reinsurance does not provide full coverage for an act stemming from nuclear, biological or chemical terrorism. To the extent an act of terrorism, whether a domestic or foreign act, is certified by the Secretary of Treasury, we may be covered under TRIPRA of our losses for certain P&C lines of insurance. However, any such coverage would be subject to a mandatory deductible based on 20% of earned premium for the prior year for the covered lines of commercial P&C insurance. Based on our 2020 earned premiums, our aggregate deductible under TRIPRA during 2021 is approximately $80 million. The federal government will then reimburse us for losses in excess of our deductible, which will be 80% of losses in 2020, up to a total industry program limit of $100 billion.

Assessments and premium surcharges for state guaranty funds, secondary-injury funds, residual market programs and other mandatory pooling arrangements may reduce our profitability.
Most states require insurance companies licensed to do business in their state to participate in guaranty funds, which require the insurance companies to bear a portion of the unfunded obligations of impaired, insolvent or failed insurance companies. These obligations are funded by assessments, which are expected to continue in the future. State guaranty associations levy assessments, up to prescribed limits, on all member insurance companies in the state based on their proportionate share of premiums written in the lines of business in which the impaired, insolvent or failed insurance companies are engaged. Accordingly, the assessments levied on us may increase as we increase our written premiums. Some states also have laws that establish secondary-injury funds to reimburse insurers and employers for claims paid to injured employees for aggravation of prior conditions or injuries. These funds are supported by either assessments or premium surcharges based on incurred losses.

In addition, as a condition to conducting business in some states, insurance companies are required to participate in residual market programs to provide insurance to those who cannot procure coverage from an insurance carrier on a negotiated basis. Insurance companies generally can fulfill their residual market obligations by, among other things, participating in a reinsurance pool where the results of all policies provided through the pool are shared by the participating insurance companies. Although we price our insurance to account for our potential obligations under these pooling arrangements, we may not be able to accurately estimate our liability for these obligations. Accordingly, mandatory pooling arrangements may cause a decrease in our profits. Further, the impairment, insolvency or failure of other insurance companies in these pooling arrangements would likely increase the liability for other members in the pool. The effect of assessments and premium surcharges or increases in such assessments or surcharges could reduce our profitability in any given period or limit our ability to grow our business.

Changes in federal, state or foreign tax laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Changes in federal, state or foreign tax laws and tax rates or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and financial condition. The Company’s federal and state tax returns reflect certain items such as tax-exempt bond interest, tax credits, and insurance reserve deductions. There is an increasing risk that, in the context of deficit reduction or overall tax reform in the U.S., federal and/or state tax legislation could modify or eliminate these items, impacting the Company, its investments, investment strategies, and/or its policyholders. In addition, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s efforts around Global Pillars I and II dealing with possible new digital taxes and global minimum taxes, if enacted, could increase the Company’s overall tax burden, adversely affecting the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operation.

41

Table of Contents
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" ("Tax Reform"). There is a risk that Congress could enact future legislation that may change or eliminate the provisions of that Tax Reform or affect how the provisions apply to the Company, including a federal corporate tax rate increase or other changes that may affect the manner in which insurance companies are taxed. Moreover, individual states could enact changes in state tax laws, either in response to the Tax Reform or to any changes to it that Congress may enact that, in turn, could adversely affect the Company's business and financial results.

The discontinuance of LIBOR may adversely affect the value of certain investments we hold and any other assets or liabilities whose value may be tied to LIBOR.
LIBOR is an indicative measure of the average interest rate at which major global banks could borrow from one another. LIBOR is used as a benchmark or reference rate in floating rate fixed maturities that are part of our investment portfolio, as well as our secured credit facility.

In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that by the end of 2021, it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to report information used to set LIBOR, which could result in LIBOR no longer being published after 2021 or a determination by regulators that LIBOR is no longer representative of its underlying market. Since 2017, actions by regulators have resulted in efforts to establish alternative reference rates to LIBOR in several major currencies. The Alternative Reference Rate Committee, a group of private-market participants convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, has recommended the Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR") as its preferred alternative rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR. SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York began publishing daily SOFR in April 2018. Development of broadly accepted methodologies for transitioning from LIBOR, an unsecured forward-looking rate, to SOFR, a secured rate based on historical transactions, is ongoing.

The Company continues to monitor and assess the potential impacts of the discontinuation of LIBOR, which will vary depending on (1) existing contract language to determine a LIBOR replacement rate, referred to as "fallback provisions", in individual contracts and (2) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and widely adopt new reference rates and fallback provisions for both existing and new products or instruments. At this time, it is not possible to predict how markets will respond to these new rates and the effect that the discontinuation of LIBOR might have on new or existing financial instruments. If LIBOR ceases to exist or is found by regulators to no longer be representative, outstanding contracts with interest rates tied to LIBOR may be adversely affected and impact our results of operations through a reduction in value of some of our LIBOR referenced floating rate investments and an increase in the interest we pay on our secured credit facility. Additionally, any discontinuation of or transition from LIBOR may impact pricing, valuation and risk analytic processes.

Risks related to our common stock

Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.
Some factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate, in addition to the other risks mentioned in this section of the Annual Report, are:
our operating and financial performance and prospects;
our announcements or our competitors’ announcements regarding new products or services, enhancements, significant contracts, acquisitions or strategic investments;
changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts who cover our common stock;
fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or earnings guidance or the quarterly financial results or earnings guidance of companies perceived to be similar to us;
changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities, sales of large blocks of common stock by our stockholders, including our principal stockholders, or the incurrence of additional debt;
departure of key personnel;
reputational issues;
changes in general economic and market conditions;
changes in industry conditions or perceptions or changes in the market outlook for the insurance industry; and
42

Table of Contents
changes in applicable laws, rules or regulations, regulatory actions affecting us and other dynamics.
The securities markets have from time to time experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general market, economic and political conditions, such as recessions, loss of investor confidence or interest rate changes, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of shares of our common stock are low.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or our industry or if they issue unfavorable commentary or negative recommendations with respect to our common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that equity research and other securities analysts publish about us, our business and our industry. We do not have control over these analysts and we may be unable or slow to attract research coverage. One or more analysts could issue negative recommendations with respect to our common stock or publish other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us, our business or our industry. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us, we could lose visibility in the market. As a result of one or more of these factors, the market price of our common stock price could decline rapidly and our common stock trading volume could be adversely affected.

Our principal stockholders will be able to exert significant influence over us and our corporate decisions.
Our principal stockholders, the Altaris Funds, hold approximately 55% of our common stock as of December 31, 2020. As a result, our principal stockholders are able to influence matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other extraordinary transactions. Our principal stockholders may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of us, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of us and may ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

In connection with our IPO, we entered into a director nomination agreement (the "Director Nomination Agreement") with the Altaris Funds. So long as the Altaris Funds own 35% or more of our outstanding common stock, the Altaris Funds will have the right (but not the obligation) to nominate three individuals to our board of directors; so long as the Altaris Funds own 20% or more but less than 35% of our outstanding common stock, the Altaris Funds will have the right (but not the obligation) to nominate two individuals to our board of directors; and so long as the Altaris Funds own 10% or more but less than 20% of our outstanding common stock, the Altaris Funds will have the right (but not the obligation) to nominate one individual to our board of directors. Subject to limited exceptions, we will include these nominees in the slate of nominees recommended to our stockholders for election as directors.

As long as our principal stockholders own a majority of our common stock, we may rely on certain exemptions from the corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq available for "controlled companies."
We are a "controlled company" within the meaning of the corporate governance listing requirements of the Nasdaq because our principal stockholders will continue to own more than 50% of our outstanding common stock. A controlled company may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq. Accordingly, our board of directors will not be required to have a majority of independent directors and our compensation, nominating and corporate governance committee will not be required to meet the director independence requirements to which we would otherwise be subject until such time as we cease to be a "controlled company." If we elect to rely on "controlled company" exemptions, you will not have certain of the protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq.

Our principal stockholders could sell their interests in us to a third party in a private transaction, which may subject us to the influence of a currently unknown third party without the payment of any change-of-control premium to other stockholders.
Because our principal stockholders beneficially own more than 50% of our common stock, they will have the ability, should they choose to do so, to sell some or all of their shares of our common stock in a privately negotiated transaction, which, if sufficient in size, could result in another party gaining significant influence over us.

43

Table of Contents
The ability of our principal stockholders to sell their shares of our common stock privately, with no requirement for a concurrent offer to be made to acquire shares of our outstanding common stock held by our other stockholders, could subject us to the influence of a currently unknown third party, up to and including a change of control, without the payment of any change-of-control premium to our other stockholders.

Sales or issuances of a substantial amount of shares of our common stock in the public market, particularly sales by directors, executive officers, or our principal stockholders, or the perception that such sales of issuances may occur, of our common stock may cause the market price of our common stock to decline and make it more difficult for investors to sell their common stock at a time and price that they may deem appropriate.
If our stockholders sell a substantial number of shares of our common stock, or if we issue a substantial number of shares of our common stock in connection with future acquisitions, financings, or other circumstances, the market price of shares of our common stock could decline significantly. Moreover, the perception in the public market that our stockholders—in particular, our directors, executive officers, or principal stockholders—may sell shares of our common stock could depress the market price of our shares. Future sales or issuances of our common stock could also be dilutive to our stockholders and could adversely affect their voting and other rights and economic interests. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of our common stock or other equity-related securities.

We will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and operating as a public company will place additional demands on our management.
As a public company, and particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company, we are obliged to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company prior to the IPO. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq have imposed various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Compliance with these requirements will place significant additional demands on our management and have required, and will continue to require, us to enhance certain internal functions, such as investor relations, legal, financial reporting and corporate communications. Accordingly, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.

We currently do not anticipate declaring or paying regular dividends on our common stock.
We do not currently anticipate declaring or paying regular cash dividends on our common stock in the near term. We currently intend to use our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth and develop our business and for general corporate purposes (which may include capital contributions to our insurance company subsidiaries). Therefore, you are not likely to receive any dividends on your common stock in the near term, and the success of an investment in shares of our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in their value. There is no guarantee that shares of our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which they are initially offered. Any future declaration and payment of dividends or other distributions of capital will be at the discretion of our board of directors and the payment of any future dividends or other distributions of capital will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash needs, regulatory constraints, capital requirements (including requirements of our subsidiaries) and any other factors that our board of directors deems relevant in making such a determination. In addition, the terms of the agreements governing the debt we incurred, or debt that we may incur, may limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. We may not establish a dividend policy or pay dividends in the future or continue to pay any dividend if we do commence paying dividends pursuant to a dividend policy or otherwise.

Provisions in our organizational documents, Delaware corporate law, state insurance laws and certain of our contractual agreements and compensation arrangements may prevent or delay an acquisition of us.
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws and of state law may delay, deter, prevent or render more difficult a takeover attempt that our stockholders may consider in their best interests. For example, such provisions or laws may prevent our stockholders from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of our common stock offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.

44

Table of Contents
Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws may have anti-takeover effects and may delay, deter or prevent a takeover attempt that our stockholders may consider in their best interests. The provisions provide for, among others:
the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock;
the filling of any vacancies on our board of directors by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director or by the stockholders; provided, however, that after the first time when the principal stockholders cease to beneficially own, in the aggregate, at least 50% of our outstanding common stock, any vacancy occurring in our board of directors may only be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director (and not by the stockholders);
certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;
advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings; and
stockholder action by written consent only until the first time when our principal stockholders cease to beneficially own, in the aggregate, 50% or greater of our outstanding common stock.
Section 203 of the DGCL may affect the ability of an "interested stockholder" to engage in certain business combinations, including mergers, consolidations or acquisitions of additional shares, for a period of three years following the time that the stockholder becomes an "interested stockholder." An "interested stockholder" is defined to include persons owning directly or indirectly 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of a corporation.
Under applicable Kansas, California and Utah insurance laws and regulations, no person may acquire control of a domestic insurer until written approval is first obtained from the state insurance commissioner following a public hearing on the proposed acquisition. Such approval would be contingent upon the state insurance commissioner’s consideration of a number of factors including, among others, the financial strength of the proposed acquirer, the acquirer’s plans for the future operations of the domestic insurer and any anti-competitive results that may arise from the consummation of the acquisition of control. Kansas, California and Utah insurance laws and regulations pertaining to changes of control apply to both the direct and indirect acquisition of ten percent or more of the voting stock of that state’s domiciled insurer. Accordingly, the acquisition of ten percent or more of our common stock would be considered an indirect change of control of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and would trigger the applicable change of control filing requirements under Kansas, California and Utah insurance laws and regulations, absent a disclaimer of control filing and its acceptance by the Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance and the Utah Insurance Department. These requirements may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay, deter or prevent a change of control of Trean Insurance Group, Inc., including through transactions that some or all of the stockholders of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. may consider to be desirable. See "Regulation."

These anti-takeover provisions and prior regulatory approval requirements for a change of control under applicable state insurance laws may delay, deter or prevent a takeover attempt that our stockholders may consider in their best interests. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. See "Description of capital stock — Certain anti-takeover provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated by-laws and applicable law."

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our principal stockholders have no obligation to offer us corporate opportunities.
The Altaris Funds and the members of our board of directors who are affiliated with the Altaris Funds, by the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, are not required to offer us any corporate opportunity of which they become aware and can take any such opportunity for themselves or offer it to other companies in which they have an investment, unless such opportunity is expressly offered to them solely in their capacity as our directors. Trean Insurance Group, Inc., by the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, expressly renounces any interest in any such corporate opportunity to the extent permitted under applicable law, even if the opportunity is one that we would reasonably be deemed to have pursued if given the opportunity to do so. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation cannot be amended to eliminate our renunciation of any such corporate opportunity arising prior to the date of any such amendment.

The Altaris Funds are in the business of making investments in portfolio companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete with us, and the Altaris Funds have no obligation to refrain from acquiring
45

Table of Contents
competing businesses. Any competition could intensify if an affiliate or subsidiary of the Altaris Funds were to enter into or acquire a business similar to ours. These potential conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects if attractive corporate opportunities are allocated by the Altaris Funds to themselves, their portfolio companies or their other affiliates instead of to us.

Risks related to our status as an emerging growth company

We are an "emerging growth company" within the meaning of the Securities Act and have elected to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements and other exemptions applicable to emerging growth companies.
For as long as we remain an "emerging growth company", as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, we will have the option to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and other requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our registration statements, periodic reports and proxy statements, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 being permitted to have an extended transition period for adopting any new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") or the SEC, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (ii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; (iii) the date we qualify as a "large accelerated filer", which requires that (A) the market value of our equity securities that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 of that year, (B) we have been a public reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act") for at least twelve calendar months and (C) we have filed at least one annual report on Annual Report on Form 10-K; and (iv) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering.

We expect to continue to avail ourselves of the emerging growth company exemptions described above. In addition, we may but do not expect to avail ourselves of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, the information that we provide to stockholders will be less comprehensive than what you might receive from other public companies.

Because we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an "emerging growth company," our consolidated and combined financial statements may not be comparable to companies that currently comply with these accounting standards.
We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our consolidated and combined financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with these accounting standards as of the public company effective dates. Consequently, our consolidated and combined financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. Because our consolidated and combined financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates, investors may have difficulty evaluating or comparing our business, performance or prospects in comparison to other public companies, which may have a negative impact on the value and liquidity of our common stock. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we plan to rely on this exemption. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

General Risk Factors

Changes in accounting practices and future pronouncements may materially affect our reported financial results.
Developments in accounting practices may require us to incur considerable additional expenses to comply, particularly if we are required to prepare information relating to prior periods for comparative purposes or to apply the new requirements retroactively. The impact of changes in current accounting practices and future pronouncements cannot be predicted but may affect the calculation of net income, stockholders’ equity and other relevant financial statement line items.

46

Table of Contents
Our insurance subsidiaries are required to comply with statutory accounting principles (SAP). SAP and various components of SAP are subject to constant review by the NAIC and its task forces and committees, as well as state insurance departments, in an effort to address emerging issues and otherwise improve financial reporting. Various proposals are pending before committees and task forces of the NAIC, some of which, if adopted by the NAIC and enacted in the states in which we operate, could have negative effects on us and other insurance industry participants. The NAIC continuously examines and from time to time proposes reforms to existing insurance laws and regulations. We cannot predict whether or in what form such reforms will be adopted by the NAIC and enacted in the states in which we operate and, if so, whether the enacted reforms will positively or negatively affect us.

We will be required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to achieve and maintain effective internal controls, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.
As a public company with SEC reporting obligations, we will be required to document and test our internal control procedures to satisfy the requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will require annual assessments by management of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with the annual report for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. We are an emerging growth company, and thus we are exempt from the auditor attestation requirement of Section 404(b) of Sarbanes-Oxley until such time as we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company. See also "— We are an "emerging growth company" within the meaning of the Securities Act and have elected to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements and other exemptions applicable to emerging growth companies." Regardless of whether we qualify as an emerging growth company, we will still need to implement substantial internal control systems and procedures in order to satisfy the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act and applicable requirements. During the course of our assessment, we may identify deficiencies that we are unable to remediate in a timely manner. Testing and maintaining our internal control over financial reporting may also divert management’s attention from other matters that are important to the operation of our business. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404(b) of Sarbanes-Oxley. If we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, we cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and remediation actions or their effect on our operations. Moreover, any material weaknesses or other deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting may impede our ability to file timely and accurate reports with the SEC. Any of the above could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information or our common stock listing on the Nasdaq to be suspended or terminated, which could have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock.

The effects of litigation on our business are uncertain and could have an adverse effect on our business.
As is typical in our industry, we continually face risks associated with litigation of various types, including general commercial and corporate litigation, and disputes relating to bad faith allegations which could result in us incurring losses in excess of policy limits. We are party to certain litigation matters throughout the year, mostly with respect to claims. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and if there were an outcome unfavorable to us, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position in the period in which the outcome occurs. Even if an unfavorable outcome does not materialize, we still may face substantial expense and disruption associated with the litigation.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL") or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the exclusive forum for any action under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall be either the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware. This exclusive forum provision will not apply to claims which are vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, for which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction or, in the case of an action under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, for which neither the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware nor the federal district court for the District of Delaware has subject matter jurisdiction. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim
47

Table of Contents
in a judicial forum that the stockholder finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees and may discourage these types of lawsuits. In addition, stockholders who do bring a claim in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware could face additional litigation costs in pursuing any such claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Delaware. Furthermore, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware recently determined that a provision stating that federal district courts are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is not enforceable. This decision may be reviewed and ultimately overturned by the Delaware Supreme Court.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

We own our corporate headquarters building and land in Wayzata, Minnesota which has approximately 25,229 square feet of office space. As of December 31, 2020, we leased office space in 10 states. We believe that our existing office space is adequate for our current needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are not presently involved in any legal or administrative proceedings that we believe are likely to have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.
48

Table of Contents
PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information, Holders and Stockholder Dividends

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "TIG." As of March 19, 2021, there were 16 holders of record of our common stock.

We do not intend to declare and pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Because we are a holding company with no business operations of our own, our ability to pay dividends to stockholders is largely dependent upon dividends and other distributions from our insurance subsidiaries. State laws, including the laws of California, Kansas, Utah and South Carolina restrict the ability of certain insurance companies, including the Company and its subsidiaries, to declare stockholder dividends.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Performance Graph

The following performance graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return of an investment in (1) our common stock, (2) the cumulative total returns to the Nasdaq Composite Index and (3) the cumulative total returns to the Nasdaq Insurance Index, for the period from July 16, 2020 (the date our common stock began trading on Nasdaq) through December 31, 2020.

The graph assumes an initial investment of $100. Such returns are based on historical results and are not indicative of future performance.

TIG-20201231_G3.JPG


49

Table of Contents
July 16, 2020 September 30, 2020 December 31, 2020
Trean Insurance Group, Inc $ 100.00  $ 98.32  $ 84.46 
Nasdaq Composite Index 100.00  106.62  123.05 
Nasdaq Insurance Index 100.00  100.22  114.20 


Use of Proceeds

On July 20, 2020, we closed the sale of 10,714,286 shares of our common stock in our IPO, comprised of 7,142,857 shares issued and sold by us and 3,571,429 shares sold by selling stockholders. On July 22, 2020, we closed the sale of an additional 1,207,142 shares by certain selling stockholders in the IPO pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments. The IPO terminated upon completion of the sale of the above-referenced shares.

The IPO price per share was $15.00. The aggregate IPO price for all shares sold by us in the IPO was approximately $107.1 million and the aggregate I price for all shares sold by the selling stockholders in the IPO was approximately $71.7 million. The offer and sale was pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-239291), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 15, 2020. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Evercore Group, L.L.C. and William Blair & Company, L.L.C. acted as joint book-running managers of the IPO, and JMP Securities LLC acted as co-manager.

We received net proceeds from the sale of shares by us in the IPO of approximately $93.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7.5 million and offering expenses of $6.5 million. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. We used or are in the process of using the net proceeds from the sale of shares by us in the IPO to (i) redeem all $5.1 million aggregate liquidation preference of the Series B Nonconvertible Preferred Stock of our subsidiary Benchmark Holding Company, (ii) pay $7.7 million to redeem all outstanding Subordinated Notes, (iii) use $19.3 million to repay in full all outstanding term loan borrowings under the credit agreement with Oak Street Funding LLC, (iv) pay an aggregate one-time payment of approximately $7.6 million to Altaris Capital Partners, LLC in connection with the termination of our consulting and advisory agreements with Altaris Capital Partners, LLC and (v) pay an aggregate $3.1 million to certain pre-IPO unitholders and other employees in connection with the reorganization transactions and pursuant to the operating agreements for Trean and BIC. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including to support the growth of our business.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

None.

50

Table of Contents
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The objective of management's discussion and analysis is to provide material information relevant to the assessment of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company including an evaluation of the amounts and certainty of cash flows from operations and from outside sources. This discussion and analysis focuses specifically on material events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause reported financial information not to be necessarily indicative of future operating results or of future financial condition. This includes descriptions and amounts of matters that have had a material impact on reported operations, as well as matters that are reasonably likely based on management’s assessment to have a material impact on future operations. This discussion and analysis covers the financial statements and other statistical data that the Company believes will enhance the understanding of the Company’s financial condition, cash flows and other changes in financial condition and results of operations. This discussion and analysis will provide a view of the Company from management’s perspective.

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 is qualified by reference to and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements and the related notes included herein. The discussion and analysis below are based on comparisons between our historical financial data for different periods and include certain forward-looking statements about our business, operations and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors described in the section "Item 1A — Risk Factors." Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, those forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statements."

All references to "we", "us", "our", "the Company", "Trean", or similar terms refer to (i) Trean, BIC and their subsidiaries before the consummation of the reorganization transactions, and (ii) to Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries after such reorganization transactions, unless the context otherwise requires.

The Company defines increases or decreases greater than 200% as "NM" or not meaningful.

Overview

We are a provider of products and services to the specialty insurance market. We underwrite specialty casualty insurance products both through our Program Partners and also through our Owned MGAs. We also provide our Program Partners with a variety of services, including issuing carrier services, claims administration and reinsurance brokerage, from which we generate recurring fee-based revenues.

We have one reportable segment. We provide our insurance products and services to our Program Partners and Owned MGAs focused on specialty lines. We target a diversified portfolio of small to medium programs, typically with less than $30 million of premiums, that focus on niche segments of the specialty casualty insurance market and that we believe have strong underwriting track records.

Initial Public Offering and Reorganization

On July 20, 2020, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. closed the sale of 10,714,286 shares of its common stock in its IPO, comprised of 7,142,857 shares issued and sold by Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and 3,571,429 shares sold by selling stockholders. On July 22, 2020, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. closed the sale of an additional 1,207,142 shares by certain selling stockholders in the IPO pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments. The aggregate proceeds to the Company from all shares sold by the Company in the IPO were approximately $107,142 and the aggregate IPO proceeds from all shares sold by the selling stockholders in the IPO were approximately $71,678. The shares began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on July 16, 2020 under the symbol "TIG".

Prior to the completion of the above IPO, the Company effected the following reorganization transactions: (i) each of Trean and BIC contributed all of their respective assets and liabilities to Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a newly formed direct subsidiary of BIC, in exchange for shares of common stock in Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and (ii) upon the completion of the transfers by Trean and BIC, Trean and BIC were dissolved and distributed in-kind common shares to the pre-IPO unitholders.

51

Table of Contents
In conjunction with the IPO and corporate restructuring, the Company made a payment to Altaris Capital Partners, LLC in connection with the termination of the Company's consulting and advisory agreements as well as paid bonuses to employees and pre-IPO unitholders for the successful completion of the IPO. The aggregate amount of these payments totaled $11,054 and is included in other expenses on the consolidated statement of operations.

Acquisition of Compstar

Effective July 15, 2020, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC purchased the remaining 55% ownership interest in Compstar, a holding company, along with its wholly owned subsidiary Compstar Insurance Services, a managing general agent, by issuing 6,613,606 shares of the Company’s common stock with a market price of $15 per share on the date of acquisition. Prior to the acquisition date, the Company held a 45% ownership interest in Compstar and accounted for its investment under the equity method. As of the acquisition date, the fair value attributable to the Company’s previous equity interest was $81,167 and the carrying value was $11,321. As a result, the Company recorded a gain of $69,846 from the remeasurement of its previous equity interest, which is included in gain on revaluation of Compstar investment on the consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of the Company’s previous equity interest was revalued on the acquisition date using the market price of the shares issued as consideration for the acquisition.

Acquisition of 7710

Effective October 1, 2020, Benchmark Holding Company acquired 100% ownership of 7710 Insurance Company as well as its associated program manager and agency, 7710 Service Company, LLC and Creekwood Insurance Agency, LLC for a purchase price of $12,140. 7710 Insurance Company underwrites workers' compensation primarily for emergency services, including firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS). 7710 Insurance Company focuses on reducing costs and claims through the implementation of a propriety safety preparedness and loss control program, created and staffed by experienced firefighters and EMS professionals.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact

We have undertaken a number of measures to manage the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our business and continue to monitor how it may impact our premium revenue, loss experience and loss expense, liquidity, and our regulatory capital and surplus, and operations.

Workforce Operations

We took several actions to protect the health of the public and our employees and to comply with directives and advice of governmental authorities. We responded by developing a Preparedness Plan that outlined both corporate-wide and location-specific modifications to offices. This multi-faceted plan included elements such as restricting business travel and transitioning from an office-based company to primarily a remote working culture. As most of our employees already had secure remote working connections, we took additional measures to ensure all employees who wanted or needed to work remotely were able to do so securely with limited connectivity disruption. We also provided our employees with education and training with respect to cybersecurity issues that may arise relating to COVID-19 and working remotely in conjunction with the goal of serving the operational needs of a remote workforce and continuing to serve our customers. We implemented safeguards for employees who play critical roles to ensure operational reliability and established protocols for employees who interact directly with the public. As state, city and county guidelines progress, we have implemented new health and safety in-office procedures to prepare for transitioning our workforce back to working in our offices on a limited basis.

Premium Revenue, Claims and Losses

We did not experience a material impact to our premium revenue in the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Less than 20.0% of our business falls under hospitality, healthcare and education, where the majority of layoffs in response to the pandemic have occurred so far. Gross written premiums increased by 17.7% and gross earned premiums have increased by 8.6% during the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily driven by the increase in gross written premiums. Because over 70% of our gross written premiums are related to workers’ compensation insurance, we expect that future revenue trends could be impacted by higher unemployment rates as businesses slowly restart or if unemployment levels continue to trend high in future reporting periods. However, a significant portion of our workers’ compensation premiums are pay-as-you-go programs, which reduces our downside risk from future premium audits or refunds.
52

Table of Contents
We also did not experience a material impact in our reported claims or incurred losses for the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Losses and LAE increased $6,113, or 13.7%, to $50,774 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $44,661 for the year ended December 31, 2019, with the increase primarily attributable to the growth in earned premiums during the period. In addition, our loss ratio decreased to 46.8% during the year ended December 31, 2020 from 51.6% for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Investment Portfolio

With respect to our investment portfolio, we seek to hold a high-quality, diversified portfolio of investments, which are primarily in fixed maturity and available-for-sale investments and as such, our investment portfolio has limited exposure to the recent equity market volatility. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we experienced a net increase of $6,218 in the fair value of our investment portfolio due to unrealized gains on the value of our fixed maturity investments and have not seen a significant increase in gross or aged unrealized losses with respect to our fixed maturity investments. We believe that any decline in the fair value of individual fixed maturity investments within our portfolio during 2020 was due to the disruption in the global financial markets associated with COVID-19 as opposed to underlying issues with our investment portfolio. While we experienced an improvement in our unrealized investment positions as of the end of December 2020, if there were to be continued equity and debt financial market volatility as a result of the pandemic or otherwise, which in turn could create mark-to-market investment valuation decreases, we expect there could be additional or increased unrealized losses recorded in future reporting periods. However, given the conservative nature of our investment portfolio, we expect that any adverse impact on the value of our investment portfolio, as it relates to COVID-19, will be temporary, and we do not expect a long-term negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Other Concerns

Adverse events such as health-related concerns about working in our offices, the inability to travel, the potential impact on our business partners and customers, and other matters affecting the general work and business environment could harm our business and delay the implementation of our business strategy. We cannot anticipate all the ways in which the current global health crisis and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business in the future.

Significant Components of Results of Operations

Gross written premiums: Gross written premiums are the amounts received or to be received for insurance policies written or assumed by us during a specific period of time without reduction for general and administrative expenses (including policy acquisition costs), reinsurance costs or other deductions. The volume of our gross written premiums in any given period is generally influenced by:
addition and retention of Program Partners;
new business submissions to our Program Partners;
binding of new business submissions into policies;
renewals of existing policies; and
average size and premium rate of bound policies.

Gross earned premiums: Gross earned premiums are the earned portion of gross written premiums. We earn insurance premiums on a pro rata basis over the term of the policy. Our insurance policies generally have a term of one year.

Ceded earned premiums: Ceded earned premiums are the amount of gross earned premiums ceded to reinsurers. We enter into reinsurance contracts to limit our maximum losses and diversify our exposure and provide statutory surplus relief. The volume of our ceded earned premiums is affected by the level of our gross earned premiums and any decision we make to increase or decrease limits, retention levels and co-participations.

Net earned premiums: Net earned premiums represent the earned portion of our gross written premiums, less that portion of our gross written premiums that is earned and ceded to third-party reinsurers, including our Program Partners and professional reinsurers, under our reinsurance agreements.

53

Net investment income: We earn investment income on our portfolio of cash and invested assets. Our cash and invested assets are primarily comprised of fixed maturities, including other investments and short-term investments. Our net investment income includes interest income on our invested assets, which is net of the income earned on our reinsurance agreements, which are held for the benefit of our Program Partners, as well as unrealized gains and losses on our equity portfolio.

Net realized capital gains/losses: Net realized capital gains/losses are a function of the difference between the amount received by us on the sale of a security and the security’s recorded value as well as any "other-than-temporary impairments" relating to fixed maturity investments recognized in earnings.

Other revenue: Other revenue includes brokerage, third-party administrative, management and consulting fees, which are commonly based on written premiums.

Loss and loss adjustment expenses: Losses and LAE are net of reinsurance and include claims paid, estimates of future claim payments, changes in those estimates from prior reporting periods and costs associated with investigating, defending and servicing claims. In general, our losses and LAE are affected by:
frequency of claims associated with the particular types of insurance contacts that we write;
trends in the average size of losses incurred on a particular type of business;
mix of business written by us;
changes in the legal or regulatory environment related to the business we write;
trends in legal defense costs;
wage inflation; and
inflation in medical costs
Losses and LAE are based on an actuarial analysis of the estimated losses, including losses incurred during the period and changes in estimates from prior periods. Losses and LAE may be paid out over a period of years.

General and administrative expenses: General and administrative expenses include policy acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses. Policy acquisition costs are principally comprised of the commissions we pay our brokers and program managers, net of ceding commissions we receive on business ceded under our reinsurance contracts. Policy acquisition costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition or reinsurance of those policies are deferred. The amortization of such policy acquisition costs is charged to expense in proportion to premium earned over the policy life. Other general and administrative expenses include employee salaries and benefits, corporate insurance costs, technology costs, office rent and professional services fees such as legal, accounting and actuarial services.

Intangible asset amortization: Intangible asset amortization consists of expenses incurred related to the amortization of intangible assets recorded as a result of business acquisitions and consists of trade names, customer lists and relationships and non-compete agreements.

Noncash stock compensation: Noncash stock compensation include expenses related to the fair value and issuance of restricted stock units and stock options.

Interest expense: Interest expense consists primarily of interest paid on (i) our term loan facility and (ii) the preferred capital securities issued by the Trust (See "Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources — Debt and Credit Agreements").

Other income: Other income consists primarily of sublease revenue and other miscellaneous income items.

Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax: Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax includes the Company's share of earnings from equity method investments.

Key Metrics

We discuss certain key financial and operating metrics, described below, which provide useful information about our business and the operational factors underlying our financial performance.

54

Underwriting income is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as income before taxes excluding net investment income, investment revaluation gains, net realized capital gains or losses, IPO-related expenses, litigation settlements, intangible asset amortization, noncash stock compensation, other revenue, interest expense and other income and expenses. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of underwriting income to income before taxes in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted net income is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as net income excluding the impact of certain items, including the consummation of the reorganization transactions in connection with our IPO, litigation settlements, noncash intangible asset amortization and stock compensation, other expenses or gains or losses that we believe do not reflect our core operating performance, which items may have a disproportionate effect in a given period, affecting comparability of our results across periods. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of adjusted net income to net income in accordance with GAAP.

Loss ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of losses and LAE to net earned premiums.

Expense ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of general and administrative expenses to net earned premiums.

Combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. A combined ratio under 100% generally indicates an underwriting profit. A combined ratio over 100% generally indicates an underwriting loss.

Return on equity is net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period.

Adjusted return on equity is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of adjusted return on equity to return on equity in accordance with GAAP.

Tangible stockholders' equity is defined as stockholders' equity less goodwill and other intangible assets.

Return on tangible equity is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible stockholders' equity during the period. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of return on tangible equity to return on equity in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted return on tangible equity is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible stockholders' equity during the period. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of adjusted return on tangible equity to return on tangible equity in accordance with GAAP.

55

Results of Operations

This section of Form 10-K generally discusses fiscal year 2020 and 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019. Discussions of fiscal year 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File Number 333-239291) filed with the SEC on July 13, 2020.

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to December 31, 2019

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

 Year Ended December 31, Change
Percentage Change (1)
(in thousands, except for percentages) 2020 2019
Revenues
Gross written premiums $ 484,249  $ 411,401  $ 72,848  17.7  %
Increase in gross unearned premiums (52,215) (13,598) (38,617) NM
Gross earned premiums 432,034  397,803  34,231  8.6  %
Ceded earned premiums (323,567) (311,325) (12,242) 3.9  %
Net earned premiums 108,467  86,478  21,989  25.4  %
Net investment income 8,324  6,245  2,079  33.3  %
Gain on revaluation of Compstar investment 69,846  —  69,846  NM
Net realized capital gains 3,365  667  2,698  NM
Other revenue 12,104  9,125  2,979  32.6  %
Total revenue 202,106  102,515  99,591  97.1  %
Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 50,774  44,661  6,113  13.7  %
General and administrative expenses 38,668  20,959  17,709  84.5  %
Other expenses 13,427  —  13,427  NM
Intangible asset amortization 2,573  46  2,527  NM
Noncash stock compensation 506  —  506  NM
Interest expense 1,922  2,169  (247) (11.4) %
Total expenses 107,870  67,835  40,035  59.0  %
Other income 1,025  121  904  NM
Income before taxes 95,261  34,801  60,460  173.7  %
Income tax expense 6,825  7,074  (249) (3.5) %
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax 2,333  3,558  (1,225) (34.4) %
Net income $ 90,769  $ 31,285  $ 59,484  190.1  %

(1) the Company defines increases or decreases greater than 200% as "NM" or not meaningful.


56

 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except for percentages) 2020 2019
Key metrics:
Underwriting income(1)
$ 19,025  $ 20,858 
Adjusted net income(1)
$ 32,779  $ 33,231 
Loss ratio 46.8  % 51.6  %
Expense ratio 35.6  % 24.2  %
Combined ratio 82.4  % 75.8  %
Return on equity 32.9  % 25.5  %
Adjusted return on equity(1)
11.9  % 27.0  %
Return on tangible equity(1)
54.6  % 26.1  %
Adjusted return on tangible equity(1)
19.7  % 27.7  %

(1) This metric represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See 'Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures' for a reconciliation of this metric to the applicable GAAP metric.


Gross written premiums: Gross written premiums increased $72,848, or 17.7%, to $484,249 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $411,401 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to the addition of new Program Partners throughout the fiscal year, the growth in our existing program partner business and the acquisition of 7710 in the fourth quarter. The changes in gross written premiums were most notably due to the following lines of business:
workers' compensation, which represented 76.2% of our gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2020, increased by $28,506, or 8.4%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019; and
all other non-workers' compensation liability, which represented 23.8% of our gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2020, increased $44,342, or 62.5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.

Gross earned premiums: Gross earned premiums increased $34,231, or 8.6%, to $432,034 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $397,803 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is driven by the increase in gross written premiums, partially offset by the increase in gross unearned premiums of $38,617, which is driven by the addition of new Program Partners during the current fiscal year whose premiums are largely unearned as of December 31, 2020. Gross earned premiums as a percentage of gross written premiums decreased to 89.2% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 96.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Ceded earned premiums: Ceded earned premiums increased $12,242, or 3.9%, to $323,567 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $311,325 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in ceded earned premiums is primarily due to the addition of new Program Partners during the current fiscal year whose premiums are largely ceded. The total ceded earned premiums as a percentage of gross earned premiums remained relatively consistent at 74.9% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 78.3% for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Net earned premiums: Net earned premiums increased $21,989, or 25.4%, to $108,467 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $86,478 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is due primarily due to the increase in gross written and earned premiums described above, partially offset by the increase in ceded earned premiums over the year ended December 31, 2019.

The table below shows the total premiums earned on a gross and net basis for the respective annual periods:

57

 Year Ended December 31,
Percentage Change (1)
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019 Change
Revenues:
Gross written premiums $ 484,249  $ 411,401  $ 72,848  17.7  %
Increase in gross unearned premiums (52,215) (13,598) (38,617) NM
Gross earned premiums 432,034  397,803  34,231  8.6  %
Ceded earned premiums (323,567) (311,325) (12,242) 3.9  %
Net earned premiums $ 108,467  $ 86,478  $ 21,989  25.4  %

(1) the Company defines increases or decreases greater than 200% as "NM" or not meaningful.


Net investment income: Net investment income increased $2,079, or 33.3%, to $8,324 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $6,245 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to the fair value re-measurement and common stock investment reclassification of the Company's investment in TRI, which was previously classified as an equity method investment, which resulted in an unrealized gain of $2,000.

Net realized capital gains: Net realized capital gains increased $2,698 to $3,365 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $667 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily due to the recording of a $3,115 realized gain on the sale of a portion of the Company's investment in TRI during the first quarter of 2020, offset by the bargain purchase gain recorded in connection with the acquisition of FCCIC during the first quarter of 2019 of $634.

Other revenue: Other revenue increased $2,979, or 32.6%, to $12,104 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $9,125 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily driven by an increase in brokerage revenue of $3,166 due to the addition of new Program Partners and increases in actual and estimated premiums on reinsurance contracts.

Losses and loss adjustment expenses: Losses and LAE increased $6,113, or 13.7%, to $50,774 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $44,661 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to the growth in earned premiums during the period partially offset by favorable development in the Company's prior years' loss reserves during the year ended December 31, 2020 versus the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company's loss ratio decreased to 46.8% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 51.6% for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily as a result of favorable development in the Company's prior years' loss reserves during the year ended December 31, 2019.

General and administrative expenses: General and administrative expenses increased $17,709, or 84.5%, to $38,668 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $20,959 for the year ended December 31, 2019. This change resulted in an increase in the Company's expense ratio to 35.6% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 24.2% for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is attributable to (i) an increase in net agent commissions of $6,802 due to various one-time accrual true-ups totaling $4,164 related to profit sharing, ceding commissions and deferred acquisition costs as well as a $2,638 increase due to higher commissions resulting from an increase in gross written premiums coupled with a lower offsetting effect of ceding commission as the Company retained a larger percentage of its gross written premiums during the year; (ii) an increase in salaries and benefits of $5,601, of which $3,926 directly resulted from acquisitions made in 2020 and a general increase in workforce; (iii) an increase in professional service expense of $2,905, driven by an increase of $2,365 related to the Company's new public status and post-IPO readiness efforts as well as increased legal and consulting expenses; (iv) additional rent and office-related expenses totaling $1,516 due to the addition of new office locations, rent increases and an increase in insurance expense; and (v) additional IT software and systems costs totaling $1,078 relating to new software implementation, an increased workforce and additional expenses incurred to accommodate a remote workforce due to COVID-19. These increases were partially offset by a net reduction in general and administrative expenses of $407 related to a reduction in travel as a result of COVID-19.

Other expenses: Other expenses were $13,427 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which includes (i) a payment to Altaris Capital Partners, LLC in connection with the termination of the Company's consulting and advisory agreement totaling $7,639; (ii) IPO bonuses paid to employees and pre-IPO unitholders of $3,415; (iii) an arbitration settlement, including associated legal fees, totaling $1,572; and (iv) an executive severance accrual of $801.
58


Intangible asset amortization: Intangible asset amortization increased $2,527 to $2,573 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $46 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase is driven by the addition of intangible assets acquired as a result of the purchase of the remaining equity interest of Compstar in the third quarter and acquisition of 7710 in the fourth quarter.

Noncash stock compensation: Noncash stock compensation was $506 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Expenses incurred during the period related to restricted stock units and stock options granted under the Company's 2020 Omnibus Plan in fiscal 2020.

Income tax expense: Income tax expense was $6,825 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 7.2%, compared to $7,074 for the year ended December 31, 2019, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 20.3%. The decrease in the effective tax rate from the statutory rate of 21% is due primarily to the non-tax impact of the gain recorded on the revaluation of the Company's original 45% investment in Compstar, offset by certain IPO-related expenses not deductible for tax purposes and the impact of state taxes.

Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax: Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax decreased $1,225 to $2,333 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $3,558 for the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease is due to (i) the reduction in the Company's share of earnings in Compstar of $679 as a result of the acquisition of the remaining ownership interest in during the third quarter and (ii) the reduction in the Company's share of earnings in TRI of $552, which is no longer carried as an equity method investment due to the sale of a portion of the Company's investment in TRI during the first quarter of 2020.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Underwriting income

We define underwriting income as income before taxes excluding net investment income, investment revaluation gains, net realized capital gains or losses, IPO-related expenses, intangible asset amortization, noncash stock compensation, interest expense other revenue and other income and expenses. Underwriting income represents the pre-tax profitability of our underwriting operations and allows us to evaluate our underwriting performance without regard to investment income, IPO-related expenses, intangible asset amortization, noncash stock compensation, interest expense, other revenue and other income and expenses. We use this metric because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our underwriting business performance by adjusting for these expenses and sources of income. Underwriting income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define underwriting income differently.

59

 Year Ended December 31,
Percentage Change (1)
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019
Net income $ 90,769  $ 31,285  190.1  %
Income tax expense 6,825  7,074  (3.5) %
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax (2,333) (3,558) (34.4) %
Income before taxes 95,261  34,801  173.7  %
Other revenue (12,104) (9,125) 32.6  %
Net investment income (8,324) (6,245) 33.3  %
Gain on revaluation of Compstar investment (69,846) —  NM
Net realized capital gains (3,365) (667) NM
Interest expense 1,922  2,169  (11.4) %
Other expenses 13,427  —  NM
Intangible asset amortization 2,573  46  NM
Noncash stock compensation 506  —  NM
Other income (1,025) (121) NM
Underwriting income $ 19,025  $ 20,858  (8.8) %

(1) the Company defines increases or decreases greater than 200% as "NM" or not meaningful.

Adjusted net income

We define adjusted net income as net income excluding the impact of certain items, including the consummation of the reorganization transactions in connection with our IPO, noncash intangible asset amortization and stock compensation, other expenses and gains or losses that we believe do not reflect our core operating performance, which items may have a disproportionate effect in a given period, affecting comparability of our results across periods. We calculate the tax impact only on adjustments that would be included in calculating our income tax expense using the effective tax rate at the end of each period. We use adjusted net income as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance by eliminating the effects of these items. Adjusted net income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define adjusted net income differently.

60

 Year Ended December 31,
Percentage Change (1)
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019
Net income $ 90,769  $ 31,285  190.1  %
Intangible asset amortization 2,573  46  NM
Noncash stock compensation 506  —  NM
Expenses associated with Altaris management fee, including cash bonuses paid to unit holders 883  1,765  (50.0) %
Expenses associated with IPO and other related legal and consulting expenses 1,845  1,292  42.8  %
Expenses related to debt issuance costs 135  101  33.7  %
FMV adjustment of remaining investment in affiliate (71,846) —  NM
Net gain on purchase & disposal of affiliates (3,115) (600) NM
Other expenses 13,427  —  NM
Total adjustments (55,592) 2,604  NM
Tax impact of adjustments (2,398) (658) NM
Adjusted net income $ 32,779  $ 33,231  (1.4) %

(1) the Company defines increases or decreases greater than 200% as "NM" or not meaningful.


Adjusted return on equity

We define adjusted return on equity as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period. We use adjusted return on equity as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance by adjusting for items that we believe do not reflect our core operating performance and that may diminish comparability across periods. Adjusted return on equity should not be viewed as a substitute for return on equity calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define adjusted return on equity differently.

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Adjusted return on equity calculation:
Numerator: adjusted net income $ 32,779  $ 33,231 
Denominator: average equity 275,861  122,873 
Adjusted return on equity 11.9  % 27.0  %
Return on equity 32.9  % 25.5  %


61

Table of Contents
Return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity

We define tangible stockholders' equity as stockholders' equity less goodwill and other intangible assets. We define return on tangible equity as net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible stockholders' equity during the period. We define adjusted return on tangible equity as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible stockholders' equity during the period. We regularly evaluate acquisition opportunities and have historically made acquisitions that affect stockholders' equity. We use return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity as internal performance measures in the management of our operations because we believe they give our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance by adjusting for the effects of acquisitions on our stockholders' equity and, in the case of adjusted return on tangible equity, by adjusting for the items that we believe do not reflect our core operating performance and that may diminish comparability across periods. Return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity should not be viewed as a substitute for return on equity or return on tangible equity, respectively, calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity differently.

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Return on tangible equity calculation:
Numerator: net income $ 90,769  $ 31,285 
Denominator:
Average stockholders' equity 275,861  122,873 
Less: average goodwill and other intangible assets 109,466  2,999 
Average tangible stockholders' equity 166,395  119,874 
Return on tangible equity 54.6  % 26.1  %
Return on equity 32.9  % 25.5  %


 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Adjusted return on tangible equity calculation:
Numerator: adjusted net income $ 32,779  $ 33,231 
Denominator: average tangible equity 166,395  119,874 
Adjusted return on tangible equity 19.7  % 27.7  %
Return on equity 32.9  % 25.5  %


Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Funds

We are organized as a holding company with our operations conducted through our subsidiaries, including our wholly owned insurance subsidiaries: Benchmark, which is domiciled in Kansas and commercially domiciled in California; ALIC, which is domiciled in Utah; and 7710, which is domiciled in South Carolina. Accordingly, the holding company may receive cash through (i) loans from banks, (ii) draws on a revolving loan agreement, (iii) issuance of equity and debt securities, (iv) corporate service fees from our operating subsidiaries, (v) payments from our subsidiaries pursuant to our consolidated tax allocation agreement and other transactions and (vi) dividends from our non-insurance subsidiaries and, subject to certain limitations discussed below, dividends from our insurance subsidiaries. We also may use the proceeds from these sources to contribute funds to the insurance subsidiaries in order to support premium growth, reduce our reliance on reinsurance, pay taxes and for other general business purposes.
62


State insurance laws restrict the ability of insurance companies to declare stockholder dividends without prior regulatory approval. State insurance regulators require insurance companies to maintain specified levels of statutory capital and surplus.

Under Kansas and California law, dividends payable from Benchmark without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner must not exceed the greater of (i) 10% of Benchmark’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively, or (ii) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains). Dividends shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of Benchmark's own securities.

Under Utah law, dividends payable from ALIC without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner must not exceed the lesser of (i) 10% of ALIC’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Utah Insurance Department (ii) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve- month period (not including realized capital gains).

Under South Carolina law, dividends payable from 7710 without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the following during the preceding twelve months: (a) when paid from other than earned surplus must not exceed the lesser of: (i) 10% of 7710's surplus as regards policyholders as shown in 7710’s most recent annual statement; or (ii) the net income, not including net realized capital gains or losses as shown in the 7710's most recent annual statement; or (b) when paid from earned surplus must not exceed the greater of: (i) 10% of 7710's surplus as regards policyholders as shown in 7710’s most recent annual statement; or (ii) the net income, not including net realized capital gains or losses as shown in the 7710's most recent annual statement.

The maximum amount of dividends the insurance subsidiaries can pay us during 2020 without regulatory approval is $23.9 million. Insurance regulators have broad powers to ensure that statutory surplus remains at adequate levels, and there is no assurance that dividends of the maximum amount calculated under any applicable formula would be permitted. In the future, state insurance regulatory authorities that have jurisdiction over the payment of dividends by the insurance subsidiaries may adopt statutory provisions more restrictive than those currently in effect.

Our insurance subsidiaries are also required by state law to maintain a minimum level of policyholder's surplus. Kansas, Utah and South Carolina utilize a risk-based capital requirement as promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Such requirements are designed to identify the various business risks (e.g., investment risk, underwriting profitability risk, etc.) of insurance companies and their subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the total adjusted capital of our insurance subsidiaries was in excess of their respective prescribed risk-based capital requirements.

As of December 31, 2020, we had $153,149 in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $74,268 as of December 31, 2019.

Management believes that we have sufficient liquidity available to meet our operating cash needs and obligations and committed capital expenditures for the next 12 months.

Cash Flows

Our most significant source of cash is from premiums received from insureds, net of the related commission amount for the policies. Our most significant cash outflow is for claims that arise when a policyholder incurs an insured loss. Because the payment of claims occurs after the receipt of the premium, often years later, we invest the cash in various investment securities that generally earn interest and dividends. The table below summarizes our net cash flows.

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ 50,012  $ 52,173 
Investing activities (20,246) (23,943)
Financing activities 51,400  (8,125)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 81,166  $ 20,105 
63



Operating Activities: Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $50,012 compared to $52,173 for the same period in 2019. The $2,161 decrease in cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 is driven by a decrease in cash related to (i) an increase in net income of $59,484, offset by a non-cash gain on the revaluation of Compstar of $69,846 (ii) unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense of $16,889; (iii) premiums and other receivables of $13,722; (iv) prepaid reinsurance premiums of $13,640; and (v) reinsurance premiums payable of $8,999. This decrease is partially offset by an increase in cash related to (i) unearned premiums of $37,655; (ii) reinsurance recoverables of $19,024; and (iii) funds held under reinsurance agreements of $5,230.

Investing Activities: Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $20,246 compared to $23,943 for the same period in 2019. The $3,697 decrease in cash used in investing activities is driven by (i) an increase of $11,891 net cash received in the acquisition of Compstar and (ii) $3,000 received from the sale of TRI in 2020. This increase in cash is partially offset by (i) by an increase in the net cash used in the purchase and sale of investments of $6,097 and (ii) an increase in cash used in the acquisition of subsidiaries of $5,038.

Financing Activities: Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $51,400 compared to net cash used of $8,125 for the same period in 2019. The increase in cash provided by financing activities of $59,525 is driven by $99,643 of net cash proceeds received from the Company's IPO. This increase is partially offset by distributions paid to members prior to the Company's IPO of $18,675, cash paid for deferred offering costs of $5,839, cash used in the buyback of redeemable preferred stock $3,200 and principal payments on the Company's debt, net of incremental principal received in the refinance of debt, of $12,443.

Debt and Credit Agreements

First Horizon Credit Agreement

In April 2018, Trean Corporation and Trean Compstar entered into a credit agreement with First Horizon Bank (formerly, First Tennessee Bank National Association) (the 2018 First Horizon Credit Agreement), which included a term loan facility totaling $27.5 million and a revolving credit facility of $3.0 million.

On July 16, 2020, the Company entered into a new Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with First Horizon Bank which, among other things, extended the Company's credit facility for a period of five years through May 26, 2025 and increased its term loan facility by $11,707 resulting in a total term loan debt amount of $33,000 and a revolving credit facility of $2,000. The loan has a variable interest rate of 3-month LIBOR plus 3.50%, which was 4.72% as of December 31, 2020 and 6.33% as of December 31, 2019 (under the 2018 First Horizon Credit Agreement). The outstanding principal balance of the loan is to be repaid in quarterly installments that escalate from approximately $206 to $825 until March 2025. All equity securities of the subsidiaries of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (other than Benchmark Holding Company and its subsidiaries) will be pledged as collateral.

In addition, and in conjunction with, the execution of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company made dividend distribution payments to Trean members totaling $18,154 in May 2020.

2006 Subordinated Notes

In June 2006, the Trust issued 7,500 shares of preferred capital securities to Bear Stearns Securities Corp. and 232 common securities to Trean Corporation. The proceeds of such issuances were invested by the Trust in $7,732 aggregate principal amount of the Subordinated Notes. The Subordinated Notes represents the sole assets of the Trust. On October 7, 2020, Trean Corp redeemed all of the Subordinated Notes for a total payoff amounts of $7,807. The interest rate was a fixed rate of 9.167% until July 7, 2011, at which time a variable interest rate of 3-month LIBOR (1.99% as of December 31, 2019, respectively) plus 3.50% is in effect. The interest rate totaled 5.49% as of December 31, 2019, respectively.

64

Oak Street Loan

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar, the Company acquired a loan from Oak Street Funding with a total principle of $19,740. After the completion of the acquisition, the Company paid this loan off in full.
PPP Loans

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar, the Company acquired a Federal Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan with a principal balance of $325. The PPP Loan was forgiven on November 6, 2020. In conjunction with the acquisition of 7710, the Company acquired a PPP Loan with a principal balance of $269. The PPP Loan was forgiven on November 12, 2020.

Reinsurance

We use reinsurance to convert underwriting risk to credit risk, protect the balance sheet, reduce earnings volatility and increase overall premium writing capacity. We utilize both quota share and excess of loss reinsurance to achieve these goals. Quota share reinsurance involves the proportional sharing of premiums and losses. Under excess of loss reinsurance, losses in excess of a retention level are paid by the reinsurer, subject to a limit.

Quota share reinsurance

We utilize quota share reinsurance to: (i) cede premium to Program Partners (non-professional reinsurers) to transfer underwriting risk and align incentives, and (ii) cede premium to professional reinsurers to increase the amount of gross premiums we can write while managing net premiums written leverage appropriately based on its capital base, A.M. Best rating and risk appetite. It is a core pillar of the Company's underwriting philosophy that Program Partners retain a significant portion of the underwriting risk of their program. We believe this best aligns interests, attracts higher quality programs and leads to better underwriting results.

Excess of loss and catastrophe reinsurance

We purchase excess of loss and catastrophe reinsurance from professional reinsurers to protect against catastrophic, large loss and/or unforeseen extreme loss activity that could otherwise negatively impact the Company’s profitability and capital base. The majority of our exposure to catastrophe risk stems from the workers’ compensation premium we retain net of premiums ceded to Program Partners and professional reinsurers. Potential catastrophic events include earthquake, terrorism or another event that could cause more than one covered employee working at the same location to be injured in the event. This catastrophic exposure is generally ameliorated by the type of accounts we underwrite. Due to our focus on small- to mid-sized accounts (i.e., few employees per policy and location), we generally do not have concentrated employee counts at single locations that can serve as the basis for a catastrophic loss. The limited catastrophic risk that does exist is ceded to large, professional reinsurers through excess of loss reinsurance contracts.

Ratings

We have a financial strength rating of "A" (Excellent) from A.M. Best. A.M. Best assigns 16 ratings to insurance companies, which currently range from "A++" (Superior) to "S" (Rating Suspended). "A" (Excellent) is the third highest rating issued by A.M. Best. The "A" (Excellent) rating is assigned to insurers that have, in A.M. Best’s opinion, an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. This rating is intended to provide an independent opinion of an insurer’s ability to meet its obligation to policyholders and is not an evaluation directed at investors. See also "Risk factors — Risks related to our business and industry — A downgrade in the A.M. Best financial strength ratings of our insurance company subsidiaries may negatively affect our business."

The financial strength ratings assigned by A.M. Best have an impact on the ability of the insurance companies to attract and retain agents and brokers and on the risk profiles of the submissions for insurance that the insurance companies receive. The "A" (Excellent) rating obtained by us is consistent with our business plan and allows us to actively pursue relationships with the agents and brokers identified in our marketing plan.

65

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table illustrates our contractual obligations and commercial commitments by due date as of as of December 31, 2020:

Payments due by period
Total Less than one year One year to less than three years Three years to less than five years More than five years
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense $ 457,817  $ 121,206  $ 198,750  $ 61,811  $ 76,050 
Debt securities and credit agreements 32,381  1,444  4,537  26,400  — 
Interest payable 1,528  68  214  1,246  — 
Operating lease obligations 7,624  2,457  4,144  1,023  — 
Litigation settlement 1,210  1,210  —  —  — 
Total $ 500,560  $ 126,385  $ 207,645  $ 90,480  $ 76,050 


Financial condition

Stockholders' Equity

As of December 31, 2020, total stockholders' equity was $410,107, compared to $141,615 as of December 31, 2019, an increase of $268,492. The increase in stockholders' equity over the period was driven primarily by the $99,204 in common shares issued for the acquisition of Compstar; the $93,139 in proceeds from common stock sold in the Company's IPO, net of offering costs; and $95,475 of comprehensive income. These increases were partially offset by distributions to members totaling $19,819 during the year ended December 31, 2020.

We had $1,739 of unrecognized stock compensation as of December 31, 2020 related to non-vested stock compensation granted. The Company recognized $506 of stock compensation during the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, we recognized approximately $197 of expense related to pre-IPO membership unit awards for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Investment Portfolio

Our invested asset portfolio consists of fixed maturities, equity securities, other investments and short-term investments. The majority of the investment portfolio was comprised of fixed maturity securities of $405,604 at December 31, 2020, that were classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses on these securities, net of applicable taxes, reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Our investment portfolio objectives are to maintain liquidity, facilitating financial strength and stability and ensuring regulatory and legal compliance. Our investment portfolio consists of available-for-sale fixed maturities and other equity investments, all of which are carried at fair value. We seek to hold a high-quality portfolio of investments that is managed by a professional investment advisory management firm in accordance with the Company's investment policy and routinely reviewed by our management team. Our investments, however, are subject to general economic conditions and market risks as well as risks inherent to particular securities. The Company's investment portfolio has the following objectives:
Meet insurance regulatory requirements with respect to investments under the applicable insurance laws;
Maintain an appropriate level of liquidity to satisfy the cash requirements of current operations and long-term obligations;
Adjust investment risk to offset or complement insurance risk based on our total corporate risk tolerance; and
Realize the highest possible levels of investment income, while generating superior after-tax total rates of return.

66

The composition of our investment portfolio is shown in the following table as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

December 31, 2020
Cost or
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 17,135  $ 17,471 
Foreign governments 300  302 
States, territories and possessions 7,500  7,774 
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 31,759  33,212 
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 77,329  81,714 
Industrial and public utilities 107,017  113,741 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 16,242  18,066 
Residential mortgage-backed securities 91,478  93,017 
Other loan-backed securities 39,293  39,945 
Hybrid securities 356  362 
Total fixed maturities 388,409  405,604 
Equity securities:
Preferred stock 243  240 
Common stock 1,554  3,534 
Total equity securities 1,797  3,774 
Total investments $ 390,206  $ 409,378 


December 31, 2019
Cost or
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 15,965  $ 16,129 
Foreign governments 299  302 
States, territories and possessions 4,789  4,923 
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 24,444  25,104 
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 59,149  61,405 
Industrial and public utilities 119,735  123,207 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 15,586  16,312 
Residential mortgage-backed securities 53,467  54,109 
Other loan-backed securities 35,849  36,011 
Hybrid securities 357  363 
Total fixed maturities 329,640  337,865 
Equity securities:
Preferred stock 337  343 
Common stock 492  492 
Total equity securities 829  835 
Total investments $ 330,469  $ 338,700 

67


The following table shows the percentage of the total estimated fair value of our fixed maturity securities as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by credit rating category, using the lower of ratings assigned by Moody's Investor Service or S&P.

December 31, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages) Fair Value % of Total
AAA $ 59,887  14.8  %
AA 224,371  55.3  %
A 89,975  22.2  %
BBB 29,404  7.2  %
BB 1,921  0.5  %
Below investment grade 46  —  %
Total fixed maturities $ 405,604  100.0  %


December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except percentages) Fair Value % of Total
AAA $ 52,571  15.6  %
AA 153,838  45.5  %
A 101,040  29.9  %
BBB 30,245  9.0  %
BB 119  —  %
Below investment grade 52  —  %
Total fixed maturities $ 337,865  100.0  %


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements included in this annual report include amounts based on the use of estimates and judgments of management. The Company's accounting policies are described in the Notes to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements. We identified the accounting estimates which are critical to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those estimates that are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require us to exercise significant judgment. We use significant judgment concerning future results and developments in applying these critical accounting estimates and in preparing our consolidated financial statements. These judgments and estimates affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of our material contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our estimates regularly using information that we believe to be relevant.

Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses
The Company estimates the liability for the expected ultimate cost of unpaid loss and LAE as of the balance sheet date. Our reserves for unpaid loss and LAE represent the cost of all reported loss and LAE expenses as well as those that have been incurred but not yet reported. The estimated losses and LAE are regularly reviewed and adjusted as necessary based on historical experience and as the Company obtains new information.

We categorize our reserves for unpaid loss and LAE into two types: case reserves and incurred but not yet reported (IBNR). We establish our case reserves based on claims information reported to us through our claims administrator. Our case reserves include an estimate of the ultimate losses from the claims including administrative costs associated with the
68

settlement of the claim. Our claims department uses their knowledge of the specific claim along with internal and external experts, including underwriters and independent actuaries, to estimate the expected ultimate losses.

In addition to case reserves, we establish a reserve for IBNR. With the assistance of an independent actuarial firm, we estimate the total loss and LAE related to IBNR which is comprised of: (a) future payments on claims that existed as of the balance sheet date but had not yet been reported to us; (b) a reserve for the additional development on claims that have been reported to us; and (c) a provision for additional payments on closed claims that may reopen. These estimates are based on historical information, industry information and estimates of trends that may impact the ultimate frequency and severity of IBNR claims.

In order to limit the Company's maximum losses and diversify its exposure, we cede a portion of our obligations for losses and LAE through reinsurance treaties with third party reinsurers. The amount of reinsurance that will be recoverable on our losses and LAE includes both the reinsurance recoverables on our excess of loss reinsurance contracts as well as reinsurance recoverables under our quota share contracts.

Our loss reserves, including the main components of such reserves, were as follows:

December 31,
2020 2019
Case reserves $ 164,993  $ 130,409 
IBNR reserves 292,824  276,307 
Gross unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 457,817  406,716 
Less: reinsurance recoverables on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses (335,655) (304,005)
Net unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses $ 122,162  $ 102,711 


The process of estimating the reserves for unpaid loss and LAE expenses requires a high degree of judgment. Estimates are prepared using several generally accepted actuarial methodologies for estimating loss reserves including, but not limited to, the incurred development method, paid development method, incurred Bornhuetter-Ferguson method, hindsight IBNR/case reserve ratios, and loss ratio method. The methods used vary based on the line of business and the Partner Program or general agency that generated the business. Considering each of the alternative ultimate estimates, we determine the appropriate estimate of ultimate loss for each line of business and Program Partner.

Reinsurance recoverables
Reinsurance recoverables represent the portion of our unpaid loss and LAE that are ceded to third party reinsurers. The ceding of insurance does not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. We are required to pay claims even if a reinsurer fails to pay the Company under the terms of a reinsurance contract. We calculate the amounts recoverable from reinsurers based on our estimates of the underlying loss and LAE expenses as well as the terms and conditions of the reinsurance contracts.

Investment fair value measurements
Our investments in fixed maturity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes. Our investments in equity securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as net investment income in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations. In determining the fair value of investments, we utilize a hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure the fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Fair values primarily based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Fair values primarily based on observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, or based on prices for similar assets and liabilities.

69

Level 3: Fair values primarily based on valuations derived when one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable. With little or no observable market, the determination of fair value uses considerable judgment and represents the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a market exchange for the asset or liability.

We utilize a third-party pricing service to assist us with the valuation of our investments. The fair value of our available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. These fair values are obtained primarily from our third-party pricing service, which generally include Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. Inputs often used in the valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to, transaction data, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, issue type, trading characteristics and market activity.

The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to determine if other-than-temporary impairment exists for any fixed maturity securities. An investment is impaired when the fair value of the investment declines to an amount less than the cost or amortized cost of that investment. If a security is impaired, the Company bifurcates the impairment into (a) the amount of impairment related to credit loss and (b) the amount of impairment related to other factors. The amount of impairment related to credit loss is recorded as an impairment loss and is included in net income. The impairment related to all other factors is recorded as a reduction in the fair value of the security and is included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Goodwill and intangible asset valuation
We prepare an impairment analysis for goodwill and other intangible assets. In evaluating for impairment, we identify whether events or circumstances have occurred that may impact the carrying value of these assets and make assumptions regarding future events such as cash flows and profitability. If the carrying amount of the assets are deemed to be not recoverable, the Company records an impairment loss. Differences in the assumptions of recoverability and actual results could materially impact the carrying amount of these assets and our operating results.

Business combinations
The Company strategically identifies opportunities to grow through acquisition. Such business combinations include the identification and valuation of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed including the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets. Valuations are determined using a market participant assumption and generally include the following valuation approaches:

The Cost Approach is based on replacement value using the acquired company's balance sheet as the basis for valuing the business or individual assets. Under this approach, the appraiser must determine the potential value that is attainable from the sale of all assets or individual assets less the repayment of any associated debt. Separate valuations are performed for each item on the balance sheet and all tangible and intangible assets and liabilities are adjusted to their respective values.

The Income Approach measures the value of an ownership interest in a company or asset as the present value of the future economic benefits of ownership. The future ownership benefits may be represented by the expected earnings or cash flow of a company or asset over an investment period. The expected earnings or cash flow are then converted to their net present value using a rate of return suitable for the risks associated with realizing those future benefits.

The Market Approach asserts that the value of property of any kind is equal to the cost of obtaining an equally desired substitute. Under this approach, the appraisal is based on transactions of assets similar to the subject asset. Value multiples from these transactions are applied to the subject asset's data to arrive at the asset's value.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. The primary components of market risk affecting us are credit risk, interest rate risk, and equity rate risk. We do not have exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity risk.

70

Table of Contents
Credit risk

Credit risk is the potential loss resulting from adverse changes in an issuer’s ability to repay its debt obligations. We have exposure to credit risk as a holder of fixed maturity investments. Our risk management strategy and investment policy are to primarily invest in debt instruments of high credit quality issuers and to limit the amount of credit exposure with respect to particular ratings categories and any one issuer. At December 31, 2020, our fixed maturity portfolio had an average rating of "AA," with approximately 92.3% of securities in that portfolio rated "A" or better by at least one nationally recognized rating organization. Our policy is to invest in investment grade securities and to minimize investments in fixed maturities that are unrated or rated below investment grade. At December 31, 2020, less than 0.1% of our fixed maturity portfolio was unrated or rated below investment grade. We monitor the financial condition of all of the issuers of fixed maturity securities in our portfolio.

In addition, we are subject to credit risk with respect to our third-party reinsurers. Although our third-party reinsurers are obligated to reimburse us to the extent we cede risk to them, we are ultimately liable to our policyholders on all risks we have ceded. As a result, reinsurance contracts do not limit our ultimate obligations to pay claims covered under the insurance policies we issue and we might not collect amounts recoverable from our reinsurers. To address this risk, we require our reinsurance counterparties who do not have an A.M. Best Financial Strength Rating of "A-" or higher to post collateral. Additionally, we place the third-party reinsurance for the majority of our Program Partners. Controlling the reinsurance placement gives us greater influence over the structure and terms of the reinsurance

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in interest rates. The primary market risk to the investment portfolio is interest rate risk associated with investments in fixed maturity securities. Fluctuations in interest rates have a direct effect on the market valuation of these securities. When market interest rates rise, the fair value of our fixed maturity securities decreases. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the fair value of our fixed maturity securities increases. We manage this interest rate risk by investing in securities with varied maturity dates and by managing the duration of our investment portfolio to the duration of our reserves. Expressed in years, duration is the weighted average payment period of cash flows, where the weighting is based on the present value of the cash flows. We set duration targets for our fixed income investment portfolios after consideration of the estimated duration of our liabilities and other factors. The effective weighted average duration of the portfolio as of December 31, 2020 was 3.9 years. We had fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $406 million at December 31, 2020 that were subject to interest rate risk. We estimate that a 100-basis point increase in interest rates would cause a 3.5% decline in the estimated fair value of our fixed maturities portfolio, while a 100-basis point decrease in interest rates would cause a 1.6% increase in the estimated fair value of that portfolio. The selected scenarios are not predictions of future events, but rather illustrate the effect that such events may have on the fair value of our fixed maturities portfolio.

Changes in interest rates will have an immediate effect on comprehensive income and stockholders’ equity but will not ordinarily have an immediate effect on net income. Actual results may differ from the hypothetical change in market rates assumed in this disclosure. This sensitivity analysis does not reflect the results of any action that we may take to mitigate such hypothetical losses in fair value.

Equity Price Risk

Equity price risk is the risk that we may incur losses in the fair value of the equity securities we hold in our investment portfolio. Changes on the market of our equity securities would result in the fair value of our investments and the net realized and unrealized gains and losses on our Condensed and Combined Statement of Operations. We had equity securities with a fair value of $3,774 at December 31, 2020 that were subject to equity price risk.

71

Table of Contents
The table below shows the sensitivity of our equity securities at fair value to price changes as of December 31, 2020:

Cost Fair Value 10% Fair Value Decrease Pre-tax Impact on Total Equity Securities 10% Fair Value Increase Pre-tax Impact on Total Equity Securities
December 31, 2020
Equity securities $ 1,797  $ 3,774  $ 3,397  $ (377) $ 4,151  $ 377 
December 31, 2019
Equity securities 829  835  752  (84) 919  84 


72

Table of Contents
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Index to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements

Page
74
75
76
77
78
80
82
124

Pursuant to Rule 7-05 of Regulation S-X, Financial Statement Schedules I, III, IV, V and VI have been omitted as the information to be set forth therein is not applicable or has been included in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements or notes thereto.
73

Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Trean Insurance Group, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated and combined balance sheets of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated and combined statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and redeemable preferred stock, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence
regarding
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota
March 26, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
74

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)
December 31,
2020 2019
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost of $388,409 and $329,640, respectively)
$ 405,604  $ 337,865 
Preferred stock, at fair value (amortized cost of $243 and $337, respectively)
240  343 
Common stock, at fair value (cost $1,554 and $492, respectively)
3,534  492 
Equity method investments 232  12,173 
Total investments 409,610  350,873 
Cash and cash equivalents 153,149  74,268 
Restricted cash 4,085  1,800 
Accrued investment income 2,458  2,468 
Premiums and other receivables 109,217  62,460 
Income taxes receivable 1,322  — 
Related party receivables —  22,221 
Reinsurance recoverable 343,213  307,338 
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 107,971  80,088 
Deferred policy acquisition cost, net 1,332  2,115 
Property and equipment, net 8,254  7,937 
Right of use asset 6,338  — 
Deferred tax asset, net —  1,367 
Goodwill 140,640  2,822 
Intangible assets, net 75,316  154 
Other assets 6,878  3,123 
Total assets $ 1,369,783  $ 919,034 
Liabilities
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses $ 457,817  $ 406,716 
Unearned premiums 157,987  103,789 
Funds held under reinsurance agreements 174,704  163,445 
Reinsurance premiums payable 57,069  53,620 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 61,240  14,995 
Lease liability 6,893  — 
Income taxes payable —  714 
Deferred tax liability, net 12,329  — 
Debt 31,637  29,040 
Total liabilities 959,676  772,319 
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable preferred stock (0 and 1,000,000 authorized, respectively; 0 and 51 outstanding, respectively)
—  5,100 
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share (600,000,000 and 0 authorized, respectively; 51,148,782 and 0 issued and outstanding, respectively)
511  — 
Members' equity —  78,438 
Additional paid-in capital 287,110  17,995 
Retained earnings 112,959  40,361 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 9,527  4,821 
Total stockholders' equity 410,107  141,615 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 1,369,783  $ 919,034 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
75

Table of Contents
Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Revenues
Gross written premiums $ 484,249  $ 411,401  $ 357,007 
Increase in gross unearned premiums (52,215) (13,598) (16,862)
Gross earned premiums 432,034  397,803  340,145 
Ceded earned premiums (323,567) (311,325) (273,569)
Net earned premiums 108,467  86,478  66,576 
Net investment income 8,324  6,245  4,816 
Gain on revaluation of Compstar investment 69,846  —  — 
Net realized capital gains (losses) 3,365  667  (715)
Other revenue 12,104  9,125  7,826 
Total revenue 202,106  102,515  78,503 
Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 50,774  44,661  35,729 
General and administrative expenses 38,668  20,959  15,679 
Other expenses 13,427  —  — 
Intangible asset amortization 2,573  46  27 
Noncash stock compensation 506  —  — 
Interest expense 1,922  2,169  1,557 
Total expenses 107,870  67,835  52,992 
Other income 1,025  121  639 
Income before taxes 95,261  34,801  26,150 
Income tax expense 6,825  7,074  5,546 
Equity earnings (losses) in affiliates, net of tax 2,333  3,558  (1,082)
Net income $ 90,769  $ 31,285  $ 19,522 
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 2.08  $ 0.84  $ 0.52 
Diluted $ 2.07  $ 0.84  $ 0.52 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 43,744,003  37,386,394  37,386,394 
Diluted 43,744,744  37,386,394  37,386,394 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
76

Table of Contents
Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in thousands)
 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Net income $ 90,769  $ 31,285  $ 19,522 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized investment gains (losses):
Unrealized investment gains (losses) arising during the period 6,218  8,708  (3,964)
Income tax expense (benefit) 1,313  1,831  (832)
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of tax 4,905  6,877  (3,132)
Less reclassification adjustments to:
Net realized investment gains (losses) included in net realized capital gains (losses) 252  67  (225)
Income tax expense (benefit) 53  14  (47)
Total reclassifications included in net income, net of tax 199  53  (178)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 4,706  6,824  (2,954)
Total comprehensive income $ 95,475  $ 38,109  $ 16,568 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
77

Table of Contents
Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Redeemable Preferred Stock
(in thousands, except share and unit data)
Members' Equity
Redeemable Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Class A - Non Voting Class B - Voting Class B - Non Voting Class C - Non Voting Common Stock Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings (Deficit) Total Stockholders' Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount Shares Amount
Balance at January 1, 2018 50  $ 5,000  30  $ 3,000  65,036,780  $ 65,037  5,045,215  $ 5,045  8,159,775  $ 8,160  39,317  $ 39  —  $ —  $ 17,995  $ 951  $ (8,062) $ 92,165 
Balance at Issuance of Class C units —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  78,636  79  —  —  —  —  —  79 
Balance at Distributions to members —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (1,456) (1,456)
Balance at Dividends on Series A preferred stock —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (45) (45)
Balance at Dividends on Series B preferred stock —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (180) (180)
Balance at Redemption of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock —  —  (20) (2,000) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (2,000)
Balance at Issuance of Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock 10  1,000  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Balance at Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (2,954) —  (2,954)
Balance at Net income —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  19,522  19,522 
Balance at December 31, 2018 60  $ 6,000  10  $ 1,000  65,036,780  $ 65,037  5,045,215  $ 5,045  8,159,775  $ 8,160  117,953  $ 118  —  $ —  $ 17,995  $ (2,003) $ 9,779  $ 105,131 
Balance at Cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  695  695 
Balance at Issuance of Class C units —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  78,635  78  —  —  —  —  —  78 
Balance at Distributions to members —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (1,144) (1,144)
Balance at Dividends on Series A preferred stock —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (43) (43)
Balance at Dividends on Series B preferred stock —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (211) (211)
Balance at Redemption of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock —  —  (10) (1,000) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (1,000)
Balance at Redemption of Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock (9) (900) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Balance at Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  6,824  —  6,824 
Balance at Net income —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  31,285  31,285 
Balance at December 31, 2019 51  $ 5,100  —  $ —  65,036,780  $ 65,037  5,045,215  $ 5,045  8,159,775  $ 8,160  196,588  $ 196  —  $ —  $ 17,995  $ 4,821  $ 40,361  $ 141,615 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
78

Table of Contents
Members' Equity
Redeemable Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Class A - Non Voting Class B - Voting Class B - Non Voting Class C - Non Voting Common Stock Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings (Deficit) Total Stockholders' Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount Shares Amount
Issuance of Class C units —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  196,587  197  —  —  —  —  —  197 
Distributions to members —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (1,776) —  (18,043) (19,819)
Dividends on Series B preferred stock —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (128) (128)
Redemption of Series B redeemable preferred stock (51) (5,100) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Corporate recapitalization —  —  —  —  (65,036,780) (65,037) (5,045,215) (5,045) (8,159,775) (8,160) (393,175) (393) 37,386,394  374  78,261  —  —  — 
Issuance of common shares for acquisition of Compstar —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  6,613,606  66  99,138  —  —  99,204 
Proceeds from common stock sold in initial public offering, net of offering costs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  7,142,857  71  93,068  —  —  93,139 
Common stock issuances pursuant to equity compensation awards —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  5,925  —  (82) —  —  (82)
Stock compensation expense —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  506  —  —  506 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  4,706  —  4,706 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  90,769  90,769 
Balance at December 31, 2020 —  $ —  —  $ —  —  $ —  —  $ —  —  $ —  —  $ —  51,148,782  $ 511  $ 287,110  $ 9,527  $ 112,959  $ 410,107 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
79

Table of Contents
Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Operating activities
Net income $ 90,769  $ 31,285  $ 19,522 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 3,485  876  497 
Stock compensation 506  —  — 
Net capital (gains) losses on investments (5,155) (76) 225 
Forgiveness of PPP loan (325) —  — 
Deferred offering costs —  (411) — 
Gain on bargain purchase of subsidiary —  (634) — 
Loss on disposal of subsidiary —  34  — 
Net realized losses on sale of building —  —  619 
Gain on revaluation of Compstar investment (69,846) —  — 
Bond amortization and accretion 1,915  1,713  1,957 
Issuance of member units as compensation 197  78  79 
Equity losses (earnings) in affiliates, net of tax (2,333) (3,558) 1,082 
Distributions from equity method investments 2,953  5,489  2,852 
Deferred income taxes (445) (1,118) (71)
Deferred financing costs 132  101  76 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income 17  (56) 567 
Premiums and other receivables (18,499) (4,777) (13,862)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses (30,805) (49,829) (50,776)
Prepaid reinsurance premiums (26,963) (13,323) (10,881)
Right of use asset (5,121) —  — 
Other assets 4,459  631  (769)
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 42,985  59,874  62,744 
Unearned premiums 50,367  12,712  16,450 
Funds held under reinsurance agreements 7,861  2,631  35,826 
Reinsurance premiums payable 3,449  12,448  4,899 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (2,976) (639) 3,647 
Lease liability 5,371  —  — 
Income taxes payable (1,986) (1,278) 583 
Net cash provided by operating activities 50,012  52,173  75,266 
Investing activities
Payments for capital expenditures (807) (633) (3,218)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment —  —  2,296 
Proceeds from sale of equity method investment 3,000  —  — 
Return of capital on equity method investment 115  —  — 
Purchase of investments, available for sale (129,233) (89,171) (124,571)
Proceeds from investments sold, matured or repaid 105,322  71,357  65,518 
Purchase of investments, equity method —  —  (17,798)
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash received (10,534) (5,496) (786)
Cash received in the acquisition of Compstar 11,891  —  — 
Net cash used in investing activities (20,246) (23,943) (78,559)
Financing activities
Shares redeemed for payroll taxes (82) —  — 
Proceeds from initial public offering 99,643  —  — 
Deferred offering costs (5,839) —  — 
Proceeds from credit agreement 32,453  —  26,994 
Principal payments on debt (49,728) (4,832) (10,031)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares —  —  1,000 
Buyback of preferred shares (5,100) (1,900) (2,000)
Distribution to members (19,819) (1,144) (1,456)
Dividends paid on preferred stock (128) (249) (225)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 51,400  (8,125) 14,282 
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 81,166  20,105  10,989 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ beginning of period 76,068  55,963  44,974 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ end of period $ 157,234  $ 76,068  $ 55,963 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
80

Table of Contents
December 31,
Disaggregation of cash and restricted cash: 2020 2019 2018
Cash and cash equivalents $ 153,149  $ 74,268  $ 53,574 
Restricted cash 4,085  1,800  2,389 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 157,234  $ 76,068  $ 55,963 

 Year Ended December 31,
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: 2020 2019 2018
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest $ 1,790  $ 2,068  $ 2,004 
Income taxes 9,259  9,137  4,962 
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 8,536  —  — 
Shares issued for the acquisition of subsidiary 99,204  —  — 
Accrued purchases of property and equipment 132  —  — 
Accrued shares subject to mandatory redemption —  —  770 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases 2,101  —  — 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
81

Table of Contents
Notes to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements

Note 1. Business and Basis of Presentation
In July 2020, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Company) completed its initial public offering (IPO) of common stock. Prior to the completion of the IPO, the Company effected the following reorganization transactions: (i) each of Trean Holdings LLC (Trean), an insurance services company, and BIC Holdings LLC (BIC), a property and casualty insurance holding company, contributed all of their respective assets and liabilities to Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a newly formed direct subsidiary of BIC, in exchange for shares of common stock in Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and (ii) upon the completion of the transfers by Trean and BIC, Trean and BIC were dissolved and distributed in-kind common shares to the pre-IPO unitholders.

For the purpose of financial statement disclosures, references to the consolidated financial statements for all post-IPO periods include the accounts of Trean Insurance Group, Inc., along with its wholly owned subsidiaries, after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. References to the consolidated financial statements for all pre-IPO periods include the combined financial statements of BIC and Trean, along with their wholly owned subsidiaries, after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.

The Company provides products and services to the specialty insurance market. Historically, the Company has focused on specialty casualty markets that are believed to be under served and where the Company’s expertise allows the Company to achieve higher rates, such as niche workers' compensation markets and small- to medium-sized specialty casualty insurance programs. The Company underwrites specialty-casualty insurance products both through programs where the Company partners with other organizations (Program Partners), and also through the Company’s own managing general agencies (Owned MGAs). The Company also provides Program Partners with a variety of services, including issuing carrier services, claims administration, and reinsurance brokerage from which the Company generates fee-based revenues.

The Company's wholly owned subsidiaries include (a) Benchmark Holding Company, a property and casualty insurance holding company, which owns Benchmark Insurance Company (Benchmark), a property and casualty insurance company domiciled in the state of Kansas, American Liberty Insurance Company (ALIC), a property and casualty insurance company domiciled in the state of Utah, and 7710 Insurance Company, a property and casualty insurance company domiciled in the state of South Carolina; (b) Trean Compstar Holdings, LLC, a limited liability company created originally for the purchase of Compstar Insurance Services LLC, a California-based general agency; and (c) Trean Corporation (Trean Corp), a reinsurance intermediary manager and a managing general agent, which consists of the following wholly owned subsidiaries: Trean Reinsurance Services, LLC (TRS), a reinsurance intermediary broker; Benchmark Administrators LLC (BIC Admin), a claims third-party administrator; and Westcap Insurance Services, LLC (Westcap), a managing general agent based in California.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and with the instructions to Form 10-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All dollar amounts are shown in thousands, except share and per share amounts.

Use of estimates

While preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Company has made certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Reported amounts that require extensive use of estimates include the reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE), reinsurance recoverables, investments, goodwill and intangible assets. Except for the captions on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of comprehensive income, generally, the term loss(es) is used to collectively refer to both losses and LAE.

Accounting pronouncements

Recently adopted policies

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU
82

2020-04). This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. This standard is effective for the period between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13). This update modifies the existing requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820 by changing the disclosure requirements regarding Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 investments. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10). The amendments in this ASU provide clarification on certain aspects related to the guidance issued in ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The areas for correction or improvement include (1) equity securities without a readily determinable fair value - discontinuation; (2) equity securities without a readily determinable fair value - adjustments; (3) forward contracts and purchased options; (4) presentation requirements for certain fair value option liabilities; (5) fair value option liabilities denominated in a foreign currency; and (6) transition guidance for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. This update clarifies the definition of a business when evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of a business or assets. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04). This update simplifies the manner in which an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt this standard effective January 1, 2020. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which provides guidance for accounting for leases. The new guidance requires companies to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leased assets, initially measured at the present value of lease payments. Management adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 under the modified retrospective approach. Adoption of this standard resulted in the Company recognizing initial right-of-use assets of $5,946 and initial lease liabilities of $5,946 and did not result in a cumulative effect adjustment on retained earnings. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated statements of operations or consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01). This update substantially revises standards for the recognition, measurement and presentation of financial instruments. This standard revises an entity’s accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. This requires the change in the value of equity securities to be reflected within the Company’s net income. The standard also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) of the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). Insurance contracts are excluded from the scope of this guidance. The core principle of ASC Topic 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount equal to the consideration the entity receives or expects to receive. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach to all contracts. The cumulative effect of adopting the standard resulted in an increase to the opening balance of retained earnings of $695, with offsetting changes to other assets and deferred tax asset. The cumulative effect adjustment recorded to other assets is related to the recording of brokerage revenue. Under ASC Topic 606, the Company is required to estimate the full contractual revenues at contract inception, subject to a constraint, which
83

resulted in accelerated revenue recognition versus the previous revenue recognition patterns. The 2018 comparative period information was not restated and will continue to be reported under the legacy accounting standards that were in effect for those periods.

The impact of adopting ASC Topic 606 on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations is summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2019
Legacy GAAP ASC Topic 606 Impact As Reported
Other revenue $ 8,925  $ 200  $ 9,125 
Total revenue 102,315  200  102,515 
Income before taxes 34,601  200  34,801 
Income tax expense 7,028  46  7,074 
Net income $ 31,131  $ 154  $ 31,285 


The impact of adopting ASC Topic 606 on the Company's consolidated balance sheet is summarized as follows:

December 31, 2019
Legacy GAAP ASC Topic 606 Impact As Reported
Assets
Deferred tax asset $ 1,621  $ (254) $ 1,367 
Other assets 2,020  1,103  3,123 
Members' Equity
Retained earnings $ 39,512  $ 849  $ 40,361 


The impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 related to the adoption of ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective approach as discussed above is as follows:

Adjustments
December 31, 2018 ASC Topic 606 January 1, 2019
Assets
Deferred tax asset $ 1,823  $ (208) $ 1,615 
Other assets 1,963  903  2,866 
Members' Equity
Retained earnings $ 9,779  $ 695  $ 10,474 


In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which amended Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) of the Accounting Standards Codification. ASC Topic 230 requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included within cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of cash flows. During 2018, the Company elected to adopt this standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

84

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Topic 220 (ASU 2018-02), which amends ASC Topic 220 and ASC Topic 740 by addressing the amounts included within Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") which may result from the enactment of the 2017 Tax Act. Though AOCI is presented on a net-of-tax basis, ASC Topic 740 requires that the effects of new tax laws on items in AOCI be recognized without a corresponding adjustment to AOCI and instead recorded in income tax expense. ASU 2018-02 permits amounts included within AOCI specifically resulting from the 2017 Tax Act to be removed from AOCI and reclassified to retained earnings. During 2018, the Company elected to adopt this standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Pending policies

The Company completed its IPO in July 2020, and is an emerging growth company as defined under federal securities laws. As such, the Company has elected to adopt pending accounting policies under the dates required for private companies. Therefore, the dates included within this section reflect the effective dates for the adoption of new accounting policies required by private companies.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments (ASU 2020-03). This update represents changes to clarify and improve the codification to allow for easier application by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarification on items such as (i) the application of fair value option disclosures; (ii) the accounting for fees related to modifications of debt; and (iii) aligning the contractual term of a net investment in a lease in accordance with ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, and the lease term determined in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases. Certain issues addressed in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and others are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will adopt each standard upon their respective effective dates of January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2023. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivative and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323 and Topic 815 (ASU 2020-01). This update addresses the accounting for certain equity securities upon the application or discontinuation of the equity method of accounting. Further, the update addresses scope considerations for forward contracts and purchased options on certain securities. ASU 2020-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods thereafter. The Company will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2022. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). This update requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by means of an allowance for credit losses that runs through net income. Additionally, credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, with the amount of the allowance limited to the amount by which the fair value is below the amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of all cash accounts, money market investments, and investments with maturities, at the time of acquisition, of 90 days or less. These amounts are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Although the Company maintains its cash accounts in a limited number of commercial banks, management of the Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and short-term investments.

Restricted cash of $4,085 and $1,800 represents fiduciary funds held for other companies as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There is a corresponding obligation to the other companies included in accounts payable and accrued expenses as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Note 11).

Investments: Investment securities, consisting of fixed maturities, are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. The change in unrealized gain and loss on fixed maturity investments is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheets, net of the related deferred tax effect, until realized. The change in
85

unrealized gain and loss on equity securities is recorded as a component of net income and is included in net investment income on the consolidated statements of operations. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a specific-identification basis and included in net realized capital gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations on the trade date. The Company amortizes any premium or discount on fixed maturities over the remaining maturity period of the related securities and reports the amortization in net investment income. Dividend and interest income is recognized when earned.

The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to determine if other-than-temporary impairment exists for any debt securities. An investment is impaired when the fair value of the investment declines to an amount less than the cost or amortized cost of that investment. As part of the assessment process, the Company determines whether the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary. The assessment is based on both quantitative criteria and qualitative information, considering a number of factors including, but not limited to: how long the security has been impaired; the amount of the impairment; or whether management intends to sell the debt security or it is more likely than not that management will have to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; whether the issuer is current on contractually-obligated interest and principal payments; key corporate events pertaining to the issuer and whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions.

If a debt security is impaired and management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will have to sell the security before the amortized cost is recovered, then the Company recognizes impairment loss in net realized capital gains (losses). If it is determined that an impairment of a debt security is other-than-temporary and management neither intends to sell the security nor is it more likely than not that the Company will have to sell the security before it is able to recover its cost or amortized cost, then the Company separates the impairment into (a) the amount of impairment related to credit loss and (b) the amount of impairment related to all other factors. The Company records the amount of the impairment related to the credit loss as an impairment charge in net income and the amount of the impairment related to all other factors in accumulated other comprehensive income. No other-than-temporary impairment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

A large portion of the Company’s investment portfolio consists of fixed maturities which may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates as a result of governmental monetary policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond the Company’s control.

Equity method investments: Certain investments where the Company does not have control but has the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for by the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the Company's investments in certain limited liability companies are recorded at cost and the investment accounts are adjusted for the Company's share of the entities' income or loss and for the distributions and contributions. The income and losses are recorded within equity earnings (losses) in affiliates, net of tax on the consolidated statements of operations.

Premium revenue: Premiums are earned over the policy period and are stated after deduction for reinsurance. The portion of premiums that will be earned in the future is deferred and reported as unearned premiums on the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue from contracts with customers: Other revenue recorded by the Company includes brokerage, third-party administrative (TPA), management and consulting fees. The Company incurs certain costs associated with obtaining contracts with customers. Such contracts are one-year contracts and the amortization periods are one year or less. The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, to expense these contract costs as incurred.

Brokerage revenue includes the fees earned on excess of loss (XOL) and quota share reinsurance treaties. Billings for brokerage revenues generally occur monthly. Revenue for reinsurance treaties consists of a single performance obligation whereas the total amount of consideration expected to be received is recorded on the effective date of the underlying contract. For XOL treaties, revenue is estimated based on the contractually specified minimum or deposit premiums. For quota share treaties, revenue is estimated based on the projected premium income provided by the ceding insurer. Brokerage fees are received based on the performance of the specified terms of the reinsurance treaty and thus, are considered variable consideration. Therefore, revenue is estimated and constrained to the extent it is probable a significant reversal of revenue will not occur, using the expected value method. Adjustments to revenue are recorded as additional evidence is received for the ultimate amount of brokerage earned under the contract.

The Company acts as a third-party claims administrator and earns TPA fees for providing such services. The fee structures vary based on the specific contract and can be dependent upon a number of factors which typically include agreed-upon fee rates, the total amount of premium written or collected under the agreement and the total time and expense incurred for
86

processing claims. Billings for TPA fees occur on a monthly basis. TPA services consist of a single performance obligation which is recognized over time as claims are processed throughout the contract period. The volume of claims varies throughout the contract period and, therefore, the Company has elected to record revenue in an amount that reflects the total fees that the Company has a right to invoice for during the period.

The Company acts as a managing general agent (MGA) to provide certain administrative and underwriting services. The consideration received varies based on certain factors including the contractual MGA rate and the total amount of premium written or collected under the contract. Billings for management fees occur on a monthly basis. Management fees consist of a single performance obligation that are recognized by the Company over time as services are provided. The volume of premium written or collected for a single contract varies throughout the contract period and, therefore, the Company has elected to record revenue in an amount that reflects the total fees that the Company has a right to invoice for during the period.

The Company provides consulting services for certain reinsurance contracts which includes services such as contract consultation and review. The compensation structure for consulting services is based on fixed periodic payments, generally monthly or quarterly. Consulting services consist of a single performance obligation which is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement.

Deferred financing costs: Deferred financing costs are amortized as interest expense over the term of the underlying debt agreement by use of the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are recorded as a reduction to long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets.

Premiums and other receivables: Premiums receivable are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal terms requiring payment by the policy due date. Amounts outstanding that are deemed uncollectible are written off. When payments are received on amounts previously written off, the total premiums written off is reduced in the period in which the payment is received. Advanced premiums are recognized when payment is received prior to the beginning coverage date and are included within unearned premiums on the consolidated balance sheets.

Premiums and other receivables consist of the following:

December 31,
2020 2019
Premiums receivable $ 106,708  $ 61,774 
Trade receivables 2,824  1,053 
Notes receivable 51  23 
Total premiums and other receivables 109,583  62,850 
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (366) (390)
Net premiums and other receivables $ 109,217  $ 62,460 


During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company wrote off $26, $1,817 and $338 to bad debt, respectively. Bad debt expense is included within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred policy acquisition costs: The Company incurs policy acquisition costs that vary with and are directly related to the production of new and renewal business. These costs consist of underwriting costs, net commissions (including ceding commissions) paid to agents, program managers and reinsurers, and premium taxes. Proceeds from reinsurance transactions that represent recovery of acquisition costs reduce applicable unamortized acquisition costs in such a manner that net acquisition costs are capitalized and charged to expense. Amortization of such policy acquisition costs is charged to general and administrative expense in proportion to premium earned over the estimated policy term.

To the extent that unearned premium on existing policies are not adequate to cover the sum of expected losses, unamortized acquisition costs and policy maintenance costs, unamortized deferred policy acquisition costs are expensed to eliminate the premium deficiency. If the premium deficiency is greater than the unamortized policy acquisition costs, a liability is recorded. No premium deficiency exists as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

87

Property and equipment, net: Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful lives of the various classes of property and equipment and is determined based on the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment range from three to thirty years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; major improvements and betterments are capitalized. The depreciation periods by asset class are as follows:

Asset class Depreciation period
Building and building improvements 30 years
Furniture and fixtures 7 years
Office equipment 5 years
Software and computer equipment 3 years


Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and purchased intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset to be impaired, the Company recognizes impairment to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the asset’s fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including, but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values, and third-party independent appraisals. The Company recorded no impairments of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses: The liability for unpaid losses and LAE in the consolidated balance sheets represent the Company’s estimated losses incurred that remain unpaid as of the balance sheet date. The liability is recorded on an undiscounted basis.

Reserves for unpaid losses include estimates for both claims that have been reported and those that have been incurred but not reported. The estimated losses are regularly reviewed and adjusted as necessary based on historical experience and as the Company obtains new information.

The consolidated balance sheets include reserves of unpaid losses gross of the amounts related to unpaid losses recoverable from reinsurers. The consolidated statements of operations include the losses net of amounts ceded to reinsurers.

Reinsurance: The Company cedes all, or a portion of, its insurance in order to limit its maximum losses, diversify its exposure and provide statutory surplus relief. Ceding insurance does not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders.

The reinsurance agreements are short-term, prospective contracts, typically 12-months in duration. The Company records an asset, prepaid reinsurance premiums, and a liability, reinsurance premiums payable, for the contract amount when premium is written under the reinsurance agreements. Prepaid reinsurance premiums are amortized in the same manner in which unearned premium is recognized.

The Company earns ceding commissions on certain reinsurance contracts, which reduces operating expenses. Ceding commissions are amortized over the contract period consistent with deferred policy acquisition costs.

The Company records amounts recoverable from reinsurers on paid losses and estimated amounts recoverable on unpaid losses. The estimate of amounts recoverable on unpaid losses is based on unpaid losses in conjunction with the reinsured policies.

The Company estimates uncollectible amounts receivable from reinsurers based on an assessment of factors including the credit worthiness of the reinsurers and the adequacy of collateral obtained, where applicable. The Company recorded no bad debt expense related to reinsurance during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Guaranty funds: State guaranty associations assess insurance companies for the estimated loss resulting from insurers encountering financial difficulty. The Company records these assessments, as well as any return assessments, upon notification of the state guaranty associations. The effect on operations or financial position relating to any estimated losses are not material for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

88

Income taxes: The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which it is expected to recover or settle those temporary differences. Should a change in tax rates occur, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit.

The Company records any income tax penalties and income tax-related interest as income tax expense in the period incurred. The Company did not incur any material tax penalties or income-tax-related interest during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Concentrations of risk: The Company had total gross written premiums of $484,249, $411,401 and $357,007 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, including:

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
California $ 203,421  $ 202,446  $ 153,611 
Michigan 41,830  38,174  37,084 
Texas 28,909  * *
Arizona 27,950  34,215  28,350 
Alabama 17,549  12,946  11,907 
Mississippi 13,307  8,910  7,143 
Georgia 12,869  * *
Tennessee 12,347  8,065  7,809 
Nevada 10,760  11,869  9,225 
Pennsylvania 10,498  * *
Other geographical areas 104,809  94,776  101,878 
Total gross written premium $ 484,249  $ 411,401  $ 357,007 
* The amount for the state is relevant for 2020 but not in other periods and therefore, was not presented.

As of December 31, 2020, approximately 28% and 27% of the Company’s investment portfolio was comprised of securities issued in industrial and public utility bonds and mortgage-backed securities, respectively, compared to 36% and 21% as of December 31, 2019, respectively. All of these securities are investment grade. This portfolio is widely diversified among various issuers and industries and does not depend on the economic stability of one issuer and industry.

As of December 31, 2019, approximately 8% of the Company’s net assets were comprised of the equity method investment in Compstar Holding Company LLC. During fiscal year 2020, the Company purchased the remaining ownership share of Compstar Holding Company LLC and no longer carries its investment under the equity method.

The Company, from time to time, maintains its cash position at banks in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts.

Goodwill: Goodwill represents the cost to acquire a business over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that would indicate that a triggering event for a potential impairment has occurred. The Company had $140,640 and $2,822 of goodwill on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

An impairment loss would generally be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, no impairment loss was recorded.

89

Intangible assets: Acquired intangible assets include client relationships, customer lists, non-compete agreements and trade names acquired. Intangible assets with a finite life are amortized over the estimated useful life. In valuing these assets, assumptions are made regarding useful lives and projected growth rates and significant judgment is required. The Company periodically reviews identifiable intangibles for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If the carrying amounts of the assets exceed their undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, no impairment loss was recorded.

Deferred offering costs: Deferred offering costs are specific incremental costs directly attributable to an offering of securities. The Company defers these costs and will charge them against the gross proceeds of a future offering. The Company had $664 of deferred offering costs as of December 31, 2019 which are included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2019, $253 of deferred offering costs were unpaid and are included within accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company completed its offering on July 15, 2020 and offset proceeds with $6,503 of deferred offering costs.

Segment reporting: Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews financial information of the Company as a whole for purposes of assessing financial performance and making operating decisions. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be operating as a single operating and reportable segment.

Note 3. Acquisitions
7710 Insurance Company

Effective October 1, 2020, Benchmark Holding Company acquired 100% ownership of 7710 Insurance Company as well as its associated program manager and agency, 7710 Service Company, LLC and Creekwood Insurance Agency, LLC for a purchase price of $12,140. 7710 Insurance Company underwrites workers' compensation primarily for emergency services, including firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS). 7710 Insurance Company focuses on reducing costs and claims through the implementation of a proprietary safety preparedness and loss control program, created and staffed by experienced firefighters and EMS professionals.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts of estimated fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

90

Fair value of total consideration transferred $ 12,140 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Fixed maturities 895 
Cash and cash equivalents 2,704 
Accrued investment income
Premiums and other receivables 2,618 
Reinsurance recoverable 5,069 
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 920 
Deferred policy acquisition costs 466 
Property and equipment 22 
Right of use asset 196 
Goodwill 2,873 
Intangible assets 3,299 
Other assets 7,435 
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses (8,117)
Unearned premiums (3,831)
Funds held under reinsurance agreements (421)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (1,112)
Lease liability (220)
Deferred tax liabilities (394)
Debt (269)
Net assets acquired $ 12,140 

The assessment of fair value, the determination of deferred tax assets acquired, the liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense assumed and other payables and receivables are preliminary and are based on the information that was available at the time the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Accordingly, the allocation of purchase price to intangible assets, goodwill, deferred tax assets and liabilities and the liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense is preliminary and, therefore, subject to adjustment in future periods.

The Company recorded $2,873 of goodwill associated with the business combination. The goodwill recognized is attributable to the assembled workforce and the expected growth resulting from the acquisition.

The Company also recorded preliminary intangible assets totaling $3,299 which are comprised of the following:

Useful Life Balance
Trade name 15 years $ 458 
Customer relationships 10 years 2,841 
Total intangible assets $ 3,299 


Subsequent to the acquisition date, 7710 Insurance Company, 7710 Service Company and Creekwood Insurance Agency recorded total revenue of $1,183, of which $1,131 is intercompany related and is eliminated in consolidation, and contributed net income totaling $186 to consolidated net income on the consolidated statement of operations.

Compstar Holding Company LLC

Effective July 15, 2020, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC purchased the remaining 55% ownership interest in Compstar Holding Company LLC (Compstar), a holding company along with its wholly owned subsidiary Compstar Insurance
91

Services, a managing general agent, by issuing 6,613,606 shares of the Company’s common stock with a market price of $15 per share on the date of acquisition. Prior to the acquisition date, the Company held a 45% ownership interest in Compstar and accounted for its investment under the equity method. As of the acquisition date, the fair value attributable to the Company’s previous equity interest was $81,167 and the carrying value was $11,321. As a result, the Company recorded a gain of $69,846 from the remeasurement of its previous equity interest, which is included in gain on revaluation of Compstar on the consolidated statement of operations. The acquisition-date fair value of the Company’s previous equity interest was revalued using the market price of the shares issued as consideration for the acquisition.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts of estimated fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

Fair value of total consideration transferred $ 99,204 
Previous investment in subsidiary 11,321 
Fair value adjustment to prior investment 69,846 
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed 180,371 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash and cash equivalents 11,891 
Premiums and other receivables 3,632 
Property and equipment 444 
Right of use asset 1,020 
Goodwill 134,428 
Intangible assets, net 73,954 
Other assets 184 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (11,328)
Lease liability (1,302)
Deferred tax liabilities (12,487)
Debt (20,065)
Net assets acquired $ 180,371 

The assessment of fair value, the determination of deferred tax assets acquired and other payables and receivables are preliminary and are based on the information that was available at the time the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Accordingly, the allocation of purchase price to intangible assets, goodwill and deferred tax assets and liabilities is preliminary and, therefore, subject to adjustment in future periods.

The Company recorded $134,428 of goodwill associated with the business combination. The goodwill recognized is attributable to the assembled workforce, the expected growth resulting from the acquisition and synergies gained to assist in the reduction of operating expenses.

The Company also recorded preliminary intangible assets totaling $73,954, which are comprised of the following:

Useful Life Balance
Trade name 15 years $ 3,157 
Customer relationships 14 years 70,797 
Total intangible assets $ 73,954 


Subsequent to the acquisition date, Compstar recorded total revenue of $7,949, of which $7,928 is intercompany related and is eliminated in consolidation, and contributed net income totaling $1,989 to consolidated net income on the consolidated statement of operations.
92


LCTA Risk Services, Inc.

Effective April 1, 2020, Trean Corp purchased 100% of the operating assets and assumed the liabilities of LCTA Risk Services, Inc. The total purchase price was $1,400. The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts of estimated fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

Fair value of total consideration transferred $ 1,400 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash and cash equivalents 302 
Premiums and other receivables 55 
Property and equipment 63 
Goodwill 517 
Intangible assets, net 482 
Other assets 12 
Accounts payable (17)
Income taxes payable (14)
Net assets acquired $ 1,400 


The Company recorded $517 of goodwill associated with the business combination. The goodwill recognized is attributable to the expected growth resulting from the acquisition and the synergies gained to assist in reducing operating expenses.

American Liberty Insurance Company

Effective March 31, 2019, Benchmark Holdings Company purchased the remaining 25% of outstanding voting shares in ALIC for $1,155. The purchase price was determined based on the statutory surplus of ALIC.

First Choice Casualty Insurance Company

Effective February 19, 2019, Benchmark purchased 100% of the operating assets and assumed the liabilities of First Choice Casualty Insurance Company (FCCIC). The total purchase price was $5,314. As part of the acquisition, the Company recorded a bargain purchase gain of $634 which is included in net realized capital gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company was able to realize a bargain purchase gain as the seller was looking to exit the workers' compensation market with the sale of their management agreement to a new manager. With the new manager, the seller had a lack of interest and expertise in maintaining workers' compensation policies, which had historically been underwritten and managed by Trean Corp.
93


The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts of estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

Fair value of total consideration transferred $ 5,314 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash 973 
Investments 4,252 
Accrued investment income 40 
Premiums and other receivables 1,571 
Deferred tax asset 242 
Other assets 10 
Funds held under reinsurance agreements 7,980 
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses (6,426)
Unearned premiums (1,003)
Reinsurance premiums payable (1,037)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (316)
Income taxes payable (338)
Net assets acquired 5,948 
Gain on bargain purchase $ 634 


Westcap Insurance Services, LLC

Effective April 2, 2018, the Company purchased 100% of the operating assets and assumed certain liabilities of Westcap Insurance Services, LLC (Westcap). The total purchase price was $2,450.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts of estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

Fair value of total consideration transferred $ 2,450 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash 1,003 
Property and equipment 194 
Other assets
Goodwill 2,154 
Accounts payable (902)
Net assets acquired $ 2,450 


The Company recorded approximately $2,154 of goodwill associated with the business combination. The goodwill recognized is attributable to the expected growth resulting from the acquisition and the ability to direct the operations of Westcap. Further, the goodwill is attributable to synergies gained to assist in reducing future expenses.

CTS Underwriters, LLC

Effective December 12, 2018, the Company acquired certain operating assets of CTS Underwriters, LLC located in Florida. The total purchase price was $50.
94

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts of estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

Fair value of total consideration transferred $ 50 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Equipment 10 
Non-compete agreement 40 
Net assets acquired $ 50 


Note 4. Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial instruments include assets and liabilities carried at fair value. The inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value are prioritized into a three level hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1: Fair values primarily based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Fair values primarily based on observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, or based on prices for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3: Fair values primarily based on valuations derived when one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable. With little or no observable market, the determination of fair value uses considerable judgment and represents the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a market exchange for the asset or liability.

The Company classifies the financial asset or liability by level based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the determination of the fair value. The following tables present the estimated fair value of the Company’s significant financial instruments.

95

December 31, 2020
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 17,471  $ —  $ —  $ 17,471 
Foreign governments —  302  —  302 
States, territories and possessions —  7,774  —  7,774 
Political subdivisions of states territories and possessions —  33,212  —  33,212 
Special revenue and special assessment obligations —  81,714  —  81,714 
Industrial and public utilities —  113,741  —  113,741 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities —  18,066  —  18,066 
Residential mortgage-backed securities —  93,017  —  93,017 
Other loan-backed securities —  39,945  —  39,945 
Hybrid securities —  362  —  362 
Total fixed maturities 17,471  388,133  —  405,604 
Equity securities:
Preferred stock —  240  —  240 
Common stock 958  576  2,000  3,534 
Total equity securities 958  816  2,000  3,774 
Total investments $ 18,429  $ 388,949  $ 2,000  $ 409,378 
Funds held under reinsurance agreements —  174,704  —  174,704 
Debt:
Secured credit facility —  32,381  —  32,381 
Total debt $ —  $ 32,381  $ —  $ 32,381 


96

December 31, 2019
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 16,129  $ —  $ —  $ 16,129 
Foreign governments —  302  —  302 
States, territories and possessions —  4,923  —  4,923 
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions —  25,104  —  25,104 
Special revenue and special assessment obligations —  61,405  —  61,405 
Industrial and public utilities —  123,207  —  123,207 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities —  16,312  —  16,312 
Residential mortgage-backed securities —  54,109  —  54,109 
Other loan-backed securities —  36,011  —  36,011 
Hybrid securities —  363  —  363 
Total fixed maturities 16,129  321,736  —  337,865 
Equity securities:
Preferred stock —  343  —  343 
Common stock —  492  —  492 
Total equity securities —  835  —  835 
Total investments $ 16,129  $ 322,571  $ —  $ 338,700 
Funds held under reinsurance agreements —  163,445  —  163,445 
Debt:
Junior subordinated debt —  7,732  —  7,732 
Secured credit facility —  21,637  —  21,637 
Total debt $ —  $ 29,369  $ —  $ 29,369 


Bonds and equity securities: The Company, in conjunction with its third-party pricing service provider, uses a variety of sources to estimate the fair value of investments such as Reuters, Iboxx, PricingDirect, ICE BofAML Index, ICE Data Services, and for equities, Bloomberg. Equity securities are valued at the closing price on the exchange on which they are primarily traded as provided by a third-party pricing service. Fixed income securities are generally valued at an evaluated bid as provided by a third-party pricing service. Securities and other assets generally valued using third-party pricing services may also be valued at broker/dealer bid quotations. Values obtained from third-party pricing services can utilize several data sources for inputs such as transaction data, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, issue type, trading characteristics and market activity. To validate the reasonableness of the quoted prices, the Company performs various qualitative and quantitative procedures such as analysis of recent trading activity, analytical review of fair values and an evaluation of the underlying pricing methodologies. Based on these procedures, the Company did not adjust the prices or quotes from the third-party pricing service.

Funds held under reinsurance agreements: The Company holds certain investments as collateral under reinsurance contracts and values these investments consistent with its other investments using third-party pricing services. To validate the reasonableness of the quoted prices, the Company performs various qualitative and quantitative procedures such as analysis of recent activity, analytical review of fair values and an evaluation of the underlying pricing methodologies. Based on these procedures, the Company did not adjust the prices or quotes from the third-party pricing service.

97

Debt: The Company holds debt related to multiple credit agreements. The Company has determined that the remaining balance of the debt reflected its fair value as this would represent the total amount to repay the debt.

Note 5. Investments
The cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and estimated fair value of the Company's investments are as follows:

December 31, 2020
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 17,135  $ 336  $ —  $ 17,471 
Foreign governments 300  —  302 
States, territories and possessions 7,500  274  —  7,774 
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 31,759  1,453  —  33,212 
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 77,329  4,422  (37) 81,714 
Industrial and public utilities 107,017  6,768  (44) 113,741 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 16,242  1,848  (24) 18,066 
Residential mortgage-backed securities 91,478  1,626  (87) 93,017 
Other loan-backed securities 39,293  719  (67) 39,945 
Hybrid securities 356  —  362 
Total fixed maturities available for sale 388,409  17,454  (259) 405,604 
Equity securities:
Preferred stock 243  —  (3) 240 
Common stock 1,554  2,053  (73) 3,534 
Total equity securities 1,797  2,053  (76) 3,774 
Total investments $ 390,206  $ 19,507  $ (335) $ 409,378 


98

December 31, 2019
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 15,965  $ 167  $ (3) $ 16,129 
Foreign governments 299  —  302 
States, territories and possessions 4,789  134  —  4,923 
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 24,444  670  (10) 25,104 
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 59,149  2,298  (42) 61,405 
Industrial and public utilities 119,735  3,490  (18) 123,207 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 15,586  757  (31) 16,312 
Residential mortgage-backed securities 53,467  679  (37) 54,109 
Other loan-backed securities 35,849  281  (119) 36,011 
Hybrid securities 357  —  363 
Total fixed maturities available for sale 329,640  8,485  (260) 337,865 
Equity securities:
Preferred stock 337  —  343 
Common stock 492  —  —  492 
Total equity securities 829  —  835 
Total investments $ 330,469  $ 8,491  $ (260) $ 338,700 


The following table illustrates the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of fixed maturities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

December 31, 2020
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 4,518  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 4,518  $ — 
Foreign governments —  —  —  —  —  — 
States, territories and possessions —  —  —  —  —  — 
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions —  —  —  —  —  — 
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 2,923  (37) —  —  2,923  (37)
Industrial and public utilities 2,106  (44) —  —  2,106  (44)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 999  (24) —  —  999  (24)
Residential mortgage-backed securities 8,811  (74) 262  (13) 9,073  (87)
Other loan-backed securities 2,037  (10) 9,036  (57) 11,073  (67)
Hybrid securities 250  —  —  —  250  — 
Total bonds $ 21,644  $ (189) $ 9,298  $ (70) $ 30,942  $ (259)


99

December 31, 2019
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 293  $ (2) $ 1,349  $ (1) $ 1,642  $ (3)
Foreign governments —  —  —  —  —  — 
States, territories and possessions —  —  —  —  —  — 
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 1,500  (9) 690  (1) 2,190  (10)
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 3,206  (42) 181  —  3,387  (42)
Industrial and public utilities 5,939  (16) 1,094  (2) 7,033  (18)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,138  (30) 129  (1) 2,267  (31)
Residential mortgage-backed securities 6,936  (13) 1,917  (24) 8,853  (37)
Other loan-backed securities 2,189  (11) 13,885  (108) 16,074  (119)
Hybrid securities —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total bonds $ 22,201  $ (123) $ 19,245  $ (137) $ 41,446  $ (260)


The unrealized losses on the Company’s available for sale securities as of December 31, 2020 were primarily attributable to COVID-19 related credit spread widening and an increase in interest rates since first quarter lows, which predominantly impacted fixed maturities acquired during the second and third quarter of 2020. The unrealized losses on the Company's available for sale securities as of December 31, 2019 were primarily caused by widening in corporate and tax exempt credit spreads, rather than credit-related problems.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturities as of December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are as follows:

Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value
Available for sale:
Due in one year or less $ 25,844  $ 26,107 
Due after one year but before five years 102,491  107,516 
Due after five years but before ten years 61,952  67,091 
Due after ten years 51,109  53,862 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 16,242  18,066 
Residential mortgage-backed securities 91,478  93,017 
Other loan-backed securities 39,293  39,945 
Total $ 388,409  $ 405,604 


Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Realized gains and losses on investments included in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

100

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Fixed maturities:
Gains $ 259  $ 91  $ 111 
Losses (7) (24) (201)
Total fixed maturities 252  67  (90)
Equity securities:
Preferred stock:
Losses —  —  (6)
Equity method investments:
Gains 3,115  —  — 
Total equity securities 3,115  —  (6)
Total net investment realized gains (losses) $ 3,367  $ 67  $ (96)


Net investment income consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018:

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Fixed maturities $ 6,271  $ 6,078  $ 4,701 
Preferred stock 48  40  25 
Common stock 1,980  —  — 
Interest earned on cash and short-term investments 25  127  90 
Net investment income $ 8,324  $ 6,245  $ 4,816 


Note 6. Equity Method Investments
The Company had investments in Compstar, Trean Intermediaries (TRI) and Stop-Loss Re, LLC (Stop-Loss). Equity earnings and losses are reported in equity earnings (losses) in affiliates, net of tax on the consolidated statements of operations.

On July 15, 2020, the Company purchased the remaining 55% ownership interest in Compstar (See Note 3). Prior to the acquisition, the Company owned 45% of Compstar which had a carrying value of approximately $11,831 as of December 31, 2019. The Company recorded earnings for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 of 2,333 and $3,012, respectively, and losses of $1,788 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Distributions received from Compstar for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $2,842, $4,649 and $2,542, respectively.

On January 3, 2020, the Company sold 15% of its previous 25% ownership in TRI for cash proceeds of $3,000. The Company currently maintains a 10% ownership interest in TRI. As a result of its significant ownership reduction and its lack of significant influence over the operations and policies of TRI, the Company reclassified its TRI investment, at fair value, to investments in common stock in the first quarter of 2020. The Company realized a gain on the sale of $3,115, which is included in net realized capital gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company subsequently re-measured its TRI investment shares resulting in an unrealized gain of $2,000 which is recorded in net investment income on the consolidated statement of operations. The carrying value of TRI as of December 31, 2019 was approximately $110. The Company recorded earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 of $552 and $709, respectively. Distributions received from TRI for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $225, $840 and $309, respectively.

Effective December 31, 2019, the Company surrendered its ownership in Stop-Loss. The Company recorded a loss on disposal of approximately $34 for the year ended December 31, 2019 which is included within net realized capital gains
101

(losses) on the combined statements of operations. The Company’s losses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $6 and $2, respectively.

Summarized financial information for the Company's equity method investments are as follows:

2020 2019 2018
Total assets * $ 58,657  $ 60,202 
Total liabilities * 42,980  44,476 
Revenues * 24,010  24,267 
Net income (loss) * 8,870  (1,150)
*2020 amounts are not included as the Company no longer maintains an equity method investment in Compstar, TRI or Stop-Loss.


Note 7. Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
In 2019, the Company was engaged with certain entities that were deemed to be variable interest entities. A variable interest entity ("VIE") is an entity that has investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as a simple majority equity ownership or lacks sufficient funds to finance its own activities without financial support provided by other entities. The Company performs ongoing qualitative assessments of its VIEs to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and therefore is the primary beneficiary. The Company is deemed to have a controlling financial interest when it has both the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Based on the Company’s assessment, if it determines it is the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE in the consolidated and combined financial statements.

The Company had a variable interest in Trean Capital Trust I (the "Trust") that had mandatory redeemable preferred securities outstanding with a liquidation value of $7,500. The Trust was a variable interest entity under current accounting guidance because the Company had limited ability to make decisions about its activities. However, the Company was not the primary beneficiary of the Trust; and therefore, the Trust and the mandatory redeemable preferred securities issued by the Trust are not reported on the Company’s consolidated and combined balance sheets. During 2020, the Company redeemed all of the redeemable preferred securities of the Trust. As of December 31, 2020, the Trust is no longer considered a VIE.

The Company had a variable interest in Compstar Holding Company LLC (Compstar), a limited liability company created for the purchase of an interest in Compstar Insurance Services, LLC, a California based general agent. Compstar was a variable interest entity under current accounting guidance because Compstar did not have sufficient capital at risk, as evidenced by a loan guarantee by a member. However, the Company was not the primary beneficiary of Compstar, and therefore, was not reported in the Company’s consolidated and combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. During 2020, the Company purchased the remaining ownership interest in Compstar resulting in Compstar becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. As of December 31, 2020, Compstar is no longer considered a VIE.

102

Note 8. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consists of the following:
December 31,
2020 2019
Land $ 1,780  $ 1,780 
Building and building improvements 5,755  5,150 
Furniture and fixtures 1,106  772 
Office equipment 2,813  2,193 
Other property, plant and equipment 93  72 
Deposits on fixed assets not placed in service 15  366 
Total, at cost 11,562  10,333 
Less: Accumulated depreciation (3,308) (2,396)
Property and equipment, net $ 8,254  $ 7,937 


Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $912, $830 and $470, respectively.

The Company sold one building on October 15, 2018. Proceeds from the sale were $2,296 and the realized loss on disposal was $619.

Note 9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill

Changes in the carrying value of goodwill are as follows:
2020 2019
Balance at beginning of period $ 2,822  $ 2,822 
Acquisitions 137,818  — 
Balance at end of period $ 140,640  $ 2,822 


Intangible assets

Intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following:
December 31,
Useful Life 2020 2019
Non-compete agreement
2-4 years
$ 44  $ 44 
Trade name
6-15 years
3,682  67 
Customer lists and relationships
10-14 years
74,284  164 
Totals 78,010  275 
Less: Accumulated amortization (2,694) (121)
Intangible assets, net $ 75,316  $ 154 


Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $2,573, $46 and $27, respectively.

103

The estimated future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:

Trade name Customer lists
and
relationships
Total
2021 $ 248  $ 5,406  $ 5,654 
2022 248  5,406  5,654 
2023 241  5,405  5,646 
2024 241  5,405  5,646 
2025 241  5,405  5,646 
Thereafter 2,306  44,764  47,070 
Total $ 3,525  $ 71,791  $ 75,316 


Note 10. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Net
The Company defers costs incurred which are incremental and directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance business, net of corresponding amounts of ceded reinsurance commissions. Net deferred policy acquisition costs are amortized in proportion to premium earned over the estimated policy term. The Company anticipates that its deferred policy acquisition costs will be fully recoverable and there were no premium deficiencies for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

The table below depicts the activity with regard to deferred policy acquisition costs, net:

2020 2019 2018
Balance at beginning of period $ 2,115  $ 2,976  $ 1,833 
Policy acquisition costs deferred 7,593  14,646  8,279 
Amortization charged to expense (8,376) (15,507) (7,136)
Balance at end of period $ 1,332  $ 2,115  $ 2,976 


Note 11. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:

December 31,
2020 2019
Accrued commissions and third-party administration fees $ 5,391  $ 2,713 
Trade payables 2,823  2,387 
Accrued taxes, licenses and fees 4,527  4,313 
Accrued wages and employee benefits 4,092  2,167 
Amounts retained for the accounts of others 41,655  2,467 
Litigation settlement 1,210  — 
Other liabilities 1,542  948 
Total $ 61,240  $ 14,995 


104

Note 12. Debt
Debt consisted of the following:
December 31,
2020 2019
Junior subordinated debt $ —  $ 7,732 
Secured credit facility 32,381  21,637 
Total debt 32,381  29,369 
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs (744) (329)
Net debt $ 31,637  $ 29,040 

Junior Subordinated Debt

In June 2006, Trean Capital Trust I (the Trust) issued 7,500 shares of preferred capital securities to qualified institutional buyers and 232 common securities to Trean Corp. The proceeds of such issuances were invested by the Trust in $7,732 aggregate principal amount of Trean Corp's Junior Subordinated Debt due 2036 (the Subordinated Notes). The Subordinated Notes represent the sole assets of the Trust. On October 7, 2020, Trean Corp redeemed all of the Subordinated Notes for a total payoff amount of $7,807.

The interest rate was a fixed rate of 9.167% until July 7, 2011, after which a variable interest rate of LIBOR (1.99% and 2.44% as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively) plus 3.50% was in effect. The interest rate totaled 5.49% and 5.94% as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The preferred capital securities issued by the Trust in turn pay quarterly cash distributions at an annual rate of 9.167% per annum of the liquidation amount of $1 per security until July 7, 2011 and thereafter at a variable rate per annum, reset quarterly, equal to LIBOR plus 3.50%.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $271, $464 and $433 of interest expense, respectively, associated with the Subordinated Notes.

Secured Credit Facility

In April 2018, Trean Corp entered into a credit agreement with a bank which includes a term loan facility totaling $27,500 and a revolving credit facility of $3,000. Borrowings are secured by substantially all of the assets of Trean and its subsidiaries.

On July 16, 2020, the Company entered into a new Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement which, among other things, extended the Company's credit facility for a period of five years through May 26, 2025 and increased its term loan facility by $11,707 resulting in a total term loan debt amount of $33,000 at the time of closing. The loan has a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.50%, 3.00% and 3.50%, which was 4.72%, 6.33% and 6.89% as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The outstanding principal balance of the loan is to be repaid in quarterly installments which escalate from $206 to $825. All equity securities of the subsidiaries of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (other than Benchmark Holding Company and its subsidiaries) have been pledged as collateral.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $1,518, $1,617 and $1,404 of interest expense, respectively, associated with its credit facility.

The terms of the credit facility require the Company to maintain certain financial covenants and ratios. The Company was in compliance with all covenants and ratios as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Oak Street Loan

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar (See Note 3), the Company acquired a loan from Oak Street Funding with a total principle of $19,740. In July 2020, upon completion of the acquisition, the Company paid this loan off in full.

105

PPP Loans

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar, the Company acquired a Federal Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan with a principal balance of $325. The PPP Loan was forgiven on November 6, 2020. In conjunction with the acquisition of 7710, the Company acquired a PPP Loan with a principal balance of $269. The PPP Loan was forgiven on November 12, 2020.

Scheduled maturities of debt, excluding deferred financing costs, are as follows:

2021 $ 1,444 
2022 1,650 
2023 2,887 
2024 3,300 
2025 23,100 
Thereafter — 
Total debt $ 32,381 


Note 13. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Revenue from contracts with customers, included in other revenue, includes brokerage, management, third-party administrative and consulting fees. Revenue from contracts with customers was $12,104 and $9,125 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The following table presents the revenues recognized from contracts with customers included in the consolidated statements of operations.
 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Brokerage $ 8,994  $ 5,828 
Managing general agent fees 976  858 
Third-party administrator fees 1,630  1,776 
Consulting fees 504  663 
Total revenue from contracts with customers $ 12,104  $ 9,125 


The Company did not have any contract liabilities as of December 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019. The following table provides information related to the contract assets from contracts with customers. Contract assets are included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
December 31,
2020 2019
Contract assets $ 3,405  $ 1,103 


Note 14. Income Taxes
Income tax expense is comprised of the following:

106

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Current tax expense $ 7,291  $ 8,642  $ 5,618 
Deferred tax expense (466) (1,568) (72)
Total income tax expense $ 6,825  $ 7,074  $ 5,546 


The income tax expense differs from the expected income tax expense computed by applying the applicable federal statutory tax rates to pretax income as a result of the following:

2020 Effective Rate 2019 Effective Rate 2018 Effective Rate
Income tax expense computed at statutory rate $ 20,005  21.0  % $ 7,309  21.0  % $ 5,492  21.0  %
State taxes, net of federal benefit 577  0.6  % 293  0.8  % 201  0.8  %
Tax-exempt municipal income, net of proration (272) (0.3) % (271) (0.8) % (328) (1.3) %
Nondeductible IPO & potential buyer expenses 957  1.0  % 91  0.3  % —  —  %
Fair market value adjustment on Compstar investment (14,668) (15.4) % —  —  % —  —  %
Other 226  0.3  % (348) (1.0) % 181  0.7  %
Total income tax expense $ 6,825  7.2  % $ 7,074  20.3  % $ 5,546  21.2  %


On December 22, 2017 the 2017 Tax Act was signed into law. The 2017 Tax Act has modified loss reserve discounting requirements for tax purposes. The 2017 Tax Act extends the payment pattern used to calculate loss discounts and increases the discount rate, replacing the applicable federal rate for a higher-yield corporate bond rate. The new discounting requirements are applicable to all existing and future loss reserves, effective beginning in tax year 2018, subject to an eight-year adjustment.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $3,639 and $4,752 related to the purchases of ALIC and FCCIC. Due to the purchases, the Company is limited to the amount of NOL Carryforward it can use each year. The Company estimates it can use approximately $1,676 of the available NOL carryforward over the next 18 years, and has established a deferred tax asset of approximately $118 and $352 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

107

December 31,
2020 2019
Deferred tax assets:
Unpaid losses and LAE $ 3,180  $ 2,671 
Unearned premiums 2,101  995 
NOL carryforward 118  352 
Lease liability 1,789  — 
Accrued liabilities 189  190 
Stock compensation 120  — 
Other 81  176 
Total deferred tax assets 7,578  4,384 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred acquisition costs (259) (444)
Loss reserve discounting TCJA transitional adjustment (591) (675)
Unrealized gains and losses on investments (2,556) (1,281)
Property and equipment (389) (296)
Right-of-use asset (1,667) — 
Intangible assets (13,271) (28)
Unrealized gain on TRI investment (474) — 
Prepaid expenses (352) (52)
Section 481(a) adjustment (224) (156)
Other (124) (85)
Total deferred tax liabilities (19,907) (3,017)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) $ (12,329) $ 1,367 

The Company completed its IRS examination related to the 2017 income tax return of Trean Corp. The results of the examination resulted in no changes to the 2017 Trean Corp tax return. The Company's tax years 2017 through 2019 remain open to examination by the IRS and various state authorities.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has not taken any uncertain tax positions with regard to its tax returns.

108

Note 15. Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expense
The Company establishes reserves for unpaid losses and LAE which represent the estimated ultimate cost of all losses incurred that were both reported and unreported (i.e., incurred but not reported losses, or "IBNR") and LAE incurred that remain unpaid at the balance sheet date. The Company reserves for loss after considering all information known at each reporting period. At any given point in time, loss reserves represent the best estimate of the ultimate settlement and administration cost of insured claims incurred and unpaid. Since the process of estimating loss reserves requires significant judgment due to a number of variables, such as fluctuations in inflation, judicial decisions, legislative changes and changes in claims handling procedures, the ultimate liability will likely differ from these estimates. The Company revises the reserves for unpaid losses as additional information becomes available, and reflects adjustments, if any, in earnings in the periods in which the adjustments are deemed necessary. The liability for unpaid losses is recorded on an undiscounted basis.

The following table represents a reconciliation of changes in the liability for unpaid losses and LAE.

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Unpaid losses and LAE reserves at beginning of period $ 406,716  $ 340,415  $ 277,671 
Less losses ceded through reinsurance (304,005) (257,421) (206,323)
Net unpaid losses and LAE at beginning of period 102,711  82,994  71,348 
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of losses ceded through reinsurance 7,050  6,366  — 
Incurred losses and LAE related to:
Current period 65,587  54,933  41,635 
Prior period (14,813) (10,272) (5,906)
Total incurred losses and LAE 50,774  44,661  35,729 
Paid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current period 15,411  11,852  7,724 
Prior period 22,962  19,458  16,359 
Total paid losses and LAE 38,373  31,310  24,083 
Net unpaid losses and LAE at end of period 122,162  102,711  82,994 
Plus losses ceded through reinsurance 335,655  304,005  257,421 
Unpaid losses and LAE reserves at end of period $ 457,817  $ 406,716  $ 340,415 


As a result of changes in estimates of insured events in prior years, the provision for unpaid losses and LAE decreased by approximately $14,813 and $10,272 and $5,906 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily attributable to the development in the Company’s workers’ compensation book of business.

The Company purchased annuities from life insurers under which the claimants are the payees. The purchase of these annuities allowed the Company to reduce reserves for unpaid losses by approximately $2,553 in previous years. Under the terms of settlement with the claimants, the Company remains liable for payments to the claimants of approximately $1,717 and $1,773 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in the event of default or insolvency of the life insurers.

Loss Development Tables

The following tables represent cumulative incurred loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance by accident year and cumulative paid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance by accident year, for the years ended December 31, 2011 to 2020, as well as total IBNR and the cumulative number of reported claims for the year ended December 31, 2020, by reportable line of business and accident year (dollars in thousands). The Company’s primary lines of business are workers’ compensation and other liability.

109

Workers' Compensation
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, 2020
Years Ended December 31, Total of IBNR Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 13,271  13,825  15,426  16,280  16,004  16,197  16,738  17,090  17,078  17,276  1,082  2,337 
2012 20,397  20,948  19,699  20,176  19,235  18,778  18,898  18,967  18,933  1,290  2,229 
2013 22,746  22,879  22,650  19,772  19,528  19,426  19,814  19,964  1,655  2,496 
2014 22,357  20,686  19,781  19,394  17,967  18,025  18,049  1,723  2,740 
2015 22,643  23,830  23,444  21,788  22,218  19,560  1,942  3,945 
2016 30,710  29,261  27,674  25,430  23,063  3,261  8,677 
2017 35,683  29,107  25,713  24,439  4,075  13,230 
2018 40,122  34,478  34,321  7,288  10,943 
2019 48,565  45,384  13,504  9,820 
2020 55,960  26,003  9,501 
$ 276,949 
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Years Ended December 31,
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 3,922  8,642  12,287  13,534  14,428  15,025  15,690  16,048  16,532  16,621 
2012 6,100  11,854  14,292  15,902  16,683  17,426  17,951  18,164  18,329 
2013 6,734  12,407  15,703  17,135  18,448  18,664  18,976  18,906 
2014 5,958  11,672  14,393  16,011  16,177  16,535  16,607 
2015 6,089  13,313  15,814  17,002  17,638  17,984 
2016 7,260  15,329  17,904  18,728  19,856 
2017 7,439  15,017  17,930  19,353 
2018 8,978  19,811  24,023 
2019 11,201  24,472 
2020 12,141 
188,292 
All outstanding liabilities before 2011, net of reinsurance 5,459 
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 94,116 
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance*
Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27.4  % 32.6  % 15.4  % 7.9  % 5.1  % 3.0  % 2.0  % 1.3  % 1.7  % 0.5  %
* Presented as unaudited required supplementary information


110

Other Liability
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, 2020
Years Ended December 31, Total of IBNR Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 1,126  1,075  1,124  1,076  1,406  1,447  1,469  1,537  1,509  1,594  46  383 
2012 1,442  880  973  863  1,092  1,278  1,745  1,721  1,717  250  456 
2013 1,914  1,876  1,617  1,580  1,804  2,068  1,651  1,667  345  343 
2014 2,183  1,964  1,921  2,154  3,107  3,013  2,832  779  434 
2015 2,946  2,652  2,862  3,549  3,334  2,860  1,260  440 
2016 2,689  2,794  3,135  3,180  2,735  1,677  323 
2017 4,964  3,089  4,555  3,966  2,521  304 
2018 4,256  4,278  3,010  2,286  218 
2019 5,457  2,849  2,512  92 
2020 2,932  2,789  46 
$ 26,162 
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Years Ended December 31,
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 31  171  338  369  771  1,116  1,189  1,261  1,353  1,505 
2012 42  141  187  346  512  761  1,146  1,234  1,374 
2013 65  195  281  573  798  1,048  1,153  1,215 
2014 53  233  405  639  1,067  1,687  1,884 
2015 123  374  600  945  1,187  1,258 
2016 54  137  355  558  783 
2017 52  439  676  999 
2018 52  345  504 
2019 111  170 
2020 55 
9,747 
All outstanding liabilities before 2011, net of reinsurance 207 
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 16,622 
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance*
Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2.4  % 7.1  % 6.9  % 9.1  % 12.7  % 16.8  % 13.8  % 11.0  % 7.8  % 6.0  %
* Presented as unaudited required supplementary information


111

All Other Lines
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, 2020
Years Ended December 31, Total of IBNR Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 59  23  86  222  210  210  212  207  206  206  —  3,818 
2012 18  25  14  —  2,708 
2013 —  13  10  12  —  —  —  3,068 
2014 40  127  24  23  21  16  16  —  3,791 
2015 168  132  108  113  98  98  —  5,122 
2016 1,882  1,617  1,745  1,555  1,542  11  10,063 
2017 2,852  2,917  2,417  2,442  34  15,892 
2018 2,885  2,874  2,549  115  13,993 
2019 3,756  3,367  266  12,509 
2020 4,842  1,237  11,479 
$ 15,063 
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Years Ended December 31,
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 204  206  206  206  206  206  206 
2012
2013 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
2014 —  100  16  16  16  16  16 
2015 63  98  98  99  98  98 
2016 796  1,325  1,418  1,494  1,499 
2017 1,412  2,099  2,203  2,321 
2018 1,309  2,123  2,325 
2019 1,903  2,532 
2020 2,291 
11,289 
All outstanding liabilities before 2011, net of reinsurance 68 
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 3,842 
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance*
Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
51.6  % 29.4  % 7.5  % 7.5  % 1.6  % 2.3  % —  % —  % —  % —  %
* Presented as unaudited required supplementary information


112

Total Lines
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, 2020
Years Ended December 31, Total of IBNR Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 14,456  14,923  16,636  17,578  17,620  17,854  18,419  18,834  18,793  19,076  1,128  6,538 
2012 21,857  21,831  20,697  21,053  20,331  20,058  20,646  20,690  20,651  1,540  5,393 
2013 24,661  24,755  24,280  21,361  21,342  21,506  21,465  21,631  2,000  5,907 
2014 24,580  22,777  21,726  21,571  21,095  21,054  20,897  2,502  6,965 
2015 25,757  26,614  26,414  25,450  25,650  22,518  3,202  9,507 
2016 35,281  33,672  32,554  30,165  27,340  4,949  19,063 
2017 43,499  35,113  32,685  30,847  6,630  29,426 
2018 47,263  41,630  39,880  9,689  25,154 
2019 57,778  51,600  16,282  22,421 
2020 63,734  30,029  21,026 
$ 318,174 
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Years Ended December 31,
Accident
Year
2011* 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020
2011 3,954  8,815  12,631  14,107  15,405  16,347  17,085  17,515  18,091  18,332 
2012 6,143  11,996  14,480  16,249  17,196  18,188  19,098  19,399  19,704 
2013 6,799  12,602  15,984  17,708  19,246  19,712  20,129  20,121 
2014 6,011  12,005  14,814  16,666  17,260  18,238  18,507 
2015 6,275  13,785  16,512  18,046  18,923  19,340 
2016 8,110  16,791  19,677  20,780  22,138 
2017 8,903  17,555  20,809  22,673 
2018 10,339  22,279  26,852 
2019 13,215  27,174 
2020 14,487 
209,328 
All outstanding liabilities before 2011, net of reinsurance 5,734 
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 114,580 
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance*
Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
26.5  % 29.7  % 13.7  % 7.6  % 5.9  % 4.3  % 3.3  % 2.0  % 2.2  % 1.0  %
* Presented as unaudited required supplementary information


113

The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables to the liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense in the consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

December 31,
2020 2019
Net outstanding liabilities
Workers' compensation $ 94,116  $ 74,722 
Other liability 16,622  20,561 
All other lines of business 3,842  2,896 
Liabilities for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense, net of reinsurance 114,580  98,179 
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims
Workers' compensation 259,220  237,088 
Other liability 43,592  41,873 
All other lines of business 32,843  25,044 
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims 335,655  304,005 
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses 7,582  4,532 
Total liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses $ 457,817  $ 406,716 


Note 16. Reinsurance
The Company utilizes reinsurance contracts to reduce its exposure to losses in all aspects of its insurance business. Such reinsurance permits recovery of a portion of losses from reinsurers, although it does not relieve the Company from its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the financial strength of potential reinsurers and continually monitors the financial condition of its reinsurers.

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated based upon assumptions consistent with those used in establishing the liabilities related to the underlying reinsured contracts. The Company has diversified its credit risk related to the reinsurance ceded. There were no disputes with reinsurers as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. The Company has no reinsurance recoverables deemed uncollectible during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

The Company holds collateral on a funds held basis or requires collateral in a trust or as a letter of credit to secure recoverable balances from reinsurers not authorized in the insurance carriers state of domicile as follows:

December 31,
2020 2019
Letters of credit $ 4,846  $ 65,877 
Trust 123,807  32,207 
Funds held 143,528  165,698 
Total $ 272,181  $ 263,782 


114

The Company has unsecured aggregate recoverable for losses, paid and unpaid, loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums with the following individual reinsurers, authorized or unauthorized, exceeding 5 percent of stockholders’ equity:

December 31,
2020 2019
Arch Reins Co $ 34,120  $ 36,551 
Markel Global Reins Co 77,222  65,211 


A summary of the impact of ceded reinsurance is as follows:

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Gross Assumed Ceded Net Gross Assumed Ceded Net
Losses and LAE liabilities $ 445,867  $ 11,950  $ (335,655) $ 122,162  $ 392,233  $ 14,483  $ (304,005) $ 102,711 
Unearned premiums 155,404  2,583  (107,971) 50,016  101,225  2,564  (80,088) 23,701 
Written premiums 476,342  7,907  (352,252) 131,997  405,353  6,048  (325,837) 85,564 
Earned premiums 424,136  7,898  (323,567) 108,467  391,312  6,491  (311,325) 86,478 
Loss and loss adjustment expenses 211,096  2,579  (162,901) 50,774  208,560  1,871  (165,770) 44,661 


Note 17. Leases
Adoption of Leases, Topic 842

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and all related amendments under the modified retrospective approach. Under this transition approach, comparative prior periods, including disclosures, were not restated. The Company elected the transition package of practical expedients which, among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward historical lease classification. The Company chose not to elect the hindsight practical expedient. The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, to account for lease components and any non-lease components within a contract as a single lease component, and therefore allocates all of the expected lease payments to the lease component. The adoption of the standard did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and there was no adjustment to its retained earnings opening balance sheet as of January 1, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on the Company's operating results on an ongoing basis. The most significant impact of the new lease standard was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. On January 1, 2020, the adoption of the new standard resulted in the recognition of a right-of-use asset and total lease liability of $5,946.

The Company's leases consist of operating leases for office space and equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Some of the Company's leases include options to extend the term, which is only included in the lease liability and right-of-use assets calculation when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise that option. Our leases have remaining terms ranging from one month to 90 months, some of which have options to extend the lease for up to 5 years. As of December 31, 2020, the lease liability and right-of-use assets did not include the impact of any lease extension options as it is not reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the extension options.

115

Table of Contents
Total lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $2,501, inclusive of $362 in variable lease expense. The Company also sublets some of its leased office space and recorded $84 of sublease income for the year ended December 31, 2020, which is included in other income on the consolidated statement of operations. Total rent expense was $1,575 and $1,115 and sublease income was $90 and $309 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which were recorded prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02.

Supplemental balance sheet information, the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate related to leases were as follows:
December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2020
Right of use asset $ 6,338 
Lease liability $ 6,893 
Weighted average remaining lease term 3.26 years
Weighted average discount rate 6.37  %

Future maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:
Operating Leases
2021 $ 2,457 
2022 2,363 
2023 1,781 
2024 929 
2025 94 
Thereafter — 
Total lease payments
7,624 
Less: imputed interest (731)
Total lease liabilities
$ 6,893 

The Company had the following minimum annual commitments for payment of leases as of December 31, 2019:
Rent Expense
2020 $ 1,718 
2021 1,614 
2022 1,594 
2023 1,191 
2024 669 
Thereafter 46 
Total lease payments
$ 6,832 


116

Table of Contents
Note 18. Equity
Initial Public Offering and Reorganization

On July 20, 2020, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. closed the sale of 10,714,286 shares of its common stock in its IPO, comprised of 7,142,857 shares issued and sold by Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and 3,571,429 shares sold by selling stockholders. On July 22, 2020, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. closed the sale of an additional 1,207,142 shares by certain selling stockholders in the IPO pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments. The IPO price per share was $15.00. The aggregate IPO price for all shares sold in the IPO was approximately $107,142 and the aggregate initial public offering price for all shares sold by the selling stockholders in the IPO was approximately $71,678. The shares began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on July 16, 2020 under the symbol "TIG". The offer and sale was pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-239291), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 15, 2020.

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. received net proceeds from the sale of shares in the IPO of approximately $93,139 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7,500 and offering expenses of $6,503. Trean Insurance Group, Inc. did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. In addition, and in conjunction with its IPO, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. issued 6,613,606 shares of common stock, with a purchase price value of $99,204, to acquire the remaining 55% ownership in Compstar Holding Company LLC. See "Item 5 — Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities" for a detailed discussion of use of proceeds associated with the IPO.

In conjunction with the IPO and corporate restructuring, the Company paid a termination payment to Altaris Capital Partners, LLC in connection with the termination of the Company's consulting and advisory agreements as well as paid bonuses to employees and pre-IPO unitholders for the successful completion of the IPO. The aggregate amount of these payments totaled $11,054 and is included in other expenses on the consolidated statement of operations.

Prior to the completion of the above offering, the Company effected the following reorganization transactions: (i) each of Trean and BIC contributed all of their respective assets and liabilities to Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a newly formed direct subsidiary of BIC, in exchange for shares of common stock in Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and (ii) upon the completion of the transfers by Trean and BIC, Trean and BIC were dissolved and distributed in-kind common shares to the pre-IPO unitholders.

Common Stock

The Company currently has authorized 600,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01. As of December 31, 2020, there were 51,148,782 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Members' Equity

Prior to the IPO, the Company had three classes of ownership units, each with its respective rights, preferences and privileges as follows:

1)Class A Units: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company as well as maintain the right to receive distributions, along with Class B Units, on a pro rata basis prior to distributions made to other classes of ownership units.

2)Class B Units: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company as well as maintain the right to receive distributions, along with Class A Units, on a pro rata basis prior to distributions made to other classes of ownership units. Class B maintains both voting and non-voting units. Each Class B Voting Unit is entitled to one vote per Class B Voting Unit on each matter to which the members are entitled to vote. Class B Non-Voting Units maintain all rights, preferences and privileges allowed to Class B Voting Units with the exception of voting rights.

3)Class C Units: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company. Participating Class C Units maintain the right to receive distributions after any Class A or Class B units based on the unit holders’ pro rata share.

117

Table of Contents
As part of the corporate reorganization performed in conjunction with the IPO of Trean Insurance Group, all ownership units were exchanged for a total of 37,386,394 shares of the Company's common stock.

Redeemable Preferred Stock

Trean Corp has designated and authorized 1,000,000 shares as Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series A) which have no voting rights. The holder is entitled to receive annual cumulative dividends at 4.5% of the original cost per share. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of Trean Corp, liquidation distributions are made to preferred shareholders before common shareholders. Series A contained no conversion features. During 2019 the Company redeemed all of its remaining shares of Series A.

Benchmark Holding Company has designated and authorized 1,000,000 shares as Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series B) which have no voting rights. The holder is entitled to receive annual cumulative dividends as a percentage of the original cost per share or the actual earning on the invested funds. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of Benchmark Holding Company, liquidation distributions are made to preferred shareholders before common shareholders. Series B contains no conversion features. The liquidation preference and redemptive value of Series B is equivalent to its carrying value as of December 31, 2019. The Company classified the shares of Series B within temporary equity on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019, due to the liquidation rights associated with the termination of the shareholder customer agreement. In conjunction with the IPO of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. on July 15, 2020, the Company redeemed all of its remaining shares of Series B.

The cumulative dividends earned by Series B holders totaled $128 for the year ended December 31, 2020 which consist of the following (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

 Year Ended December 31, 2020
Total Dividend Dividend per Share Weighted
Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B $ 128  $ 2,513.76  51.00


The cumulative dividends earned by Series A and Series B holders totaled approximately $254 and $225 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which consist of the following (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

 Year Ended December 31, 2019
Total Dividend Dividend per Share Weighted
Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A $ 43  $ 4,500.00  9.62
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B 211  3,506.84  60.00
Total preferred share dividends $ 254 


Year Ended December 31, 2018
Total Dividend Dividend per Share Weighted
Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A $ 45  $ 4,500.00  10.00
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B 180  3,459.72  51.95
Total preferred share dividends $ 225 


118

Table of Contents
Note 19. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during reported periods. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock of the Company during reported periods and is calculated using the treasury stock method. As a result of the Company's third quarter IPO and corporate reorganization, the number of shares used to compute earnings per share for pre-reorganization 2019 periods presented was retrospectively adjusted to reflect the recapitalization in a manner akin to a split-like situation.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS of common stock:

 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2020 2019 2018
Net income - basic and diluted $ 90,769  $ 31,285  $ 19,522 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic 43,744,003  37,386,394  37,386,394 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock units
741  —  — 
Dilutive shares 741  —  — 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted 43,744,744  37,386,394  37,386,394 
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 2.08  $ 0.84  $ 0.52 
Diluted $ 2.07  $ 0.84  $ 0.52 


For the year ended December 31, 2020, a total of 89,920 stock options with an exercise price of $15.00 per share were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the options' exercise price was greater than the average market price of common shares, resulting in an antidilutive effect.

Note 20. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities:

 Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Balance at beginning of period $ 4,821  $ (2,003) $ 951 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized investment gains (losses):
Unrealized investment gains (losses) arising during the period 6,218  8,708  (3,964)
Income tax expense (benefit) 1,313  1,831  (832)
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of tax 4,905  6,877  (3,132)
Less: reclassification adjustments to:
Net realized investment gains (losses) included in net realized capital gains (losses) 252  67  (225)
Income tax expense (benefit) 53  14  (47)
Total reclassifications included in net income (loss), net of tax 199  53  (178)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 4,706  6,824  (2,954)
Balance at end of period $ 9,527  $ 4,821  $ (2,003)

119

Table of Contents

Note 21. Stock Compensation
As of December 31, 2020, the Company has one incentive plan, the Trean Insurance Group, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, (the 2020 Omnibus Plan). The purposes of the 2020 Omnibus Plan are to provide additional incentive to selected officers, employees, non-employee directors, independent contractors, and consultants of the Company whose contributions are essential to the growth and success of the business of the Company and its affiliates, in order to strengthen the commitment and motivate such individuals to faithfully and diligently perform their responsibilities and attract competent and dedicated individuals whose efforts will result in the long-term growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates. The 2020 Omnibus Plan is administered by the Company’s board of directors and provides for the issuance of up to 5,058,085 shares of the Company's common stock granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonuses, other stock awards or any combination of the foregoing.

Stock Options

Compensation expense is recognized for all stock compensation arrangements by the Company. Stock compensation expense related to stock option awards was $61 for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Employee stock option awards granted set forth, among other things, the option exercise price, the option term, provisions regarding option exercisability and whether the option is intended to be an incentive stock option (ISO) or a nonqualified stock option (NQSO). Stock options may be granted to employees at such exercise prices as the Company’s board of directors may determine but not less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock as of the date of grant. Employee options vest one third annually over a period of three years and have contractual terms of 10 years from the date of grant.

The fair value of each time-based vesting option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses assumptions noted in the following table. The Company’s expected volatility for the period was based on a weighted average expected volatility of an industry peer group of insurance companies of similar size, life cycle and lines of business. Expected term is calculated using the simplified method taking into consideration the option's contractual life and vesting terms. The Company’s stock option grants qualify as plain vanilla options and as such the Company uses the simplified method in estimating its expected option term as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time its common shares have been publicly traded. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected dividend yields were not used in the fair value computations as the Company has never declared or paid dividends on its common stock and currently intends to retain earnings for use in operations.

2020
Expected volatility 29.8%
Expected term 6 years
Risk-free interest rate 0.47%


A summary of the status of the Company's stock option activity as of December 31, 2020 and changes during the year then ended are as follows:
Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019 —  $ — 
Granted 89,920  $ 15.00 
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2020 89,920  $ 15.00 
Options exercisable, December 31, 2020 —  $ — 


120

Table of Contents
The following table summarizes information regarding stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2020:

Options Outstanding Options Vested or Expected to Vest
Stock Options Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contract Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contract Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value
2020 Omnibus Plan 89,920  $ 15.00  9.54 years $ —  89,920  $ 15.00  9.54 years $ — 


The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted in the year ended December 31, 2020 was $4.43. The estimated fair value of restricted stock units is based on the grant date closing price of the Company's stock for time-based vesting awards. As of December 31, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was $337 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.4 years.

Restricted Stock Units

Compensation expense relating to restricted stock unit grants was $445 for the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020 there was $1,402 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock unit grants. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average expected life of 2.5 years. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $174.

The Company has granted restricted stock units to certain key employees as part of the Company's long-term incentive program. The restricted stock underlying these awards generally vests in three equal annual installments beginning one year from the grant date and is amortized as compensation expense over the three-year vesting period. The Company has also granted restricted stock units to non-employee directors as part of the Company's annual director compensation program. Each restricted stock grant to non-employee directors vests on the day immediately preceding the next annual meeting of stockholders following the date of grant assuming continued service on our board of directors through the vesting date. These grants are amortized as director compensation expense over the twelve-month vesting period.

A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested restricted stock unit activity as of December 31, 2020 and changes during the year then ended is as follows:
Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested outstanding, December 31, 2019 —  $ — 
Granted 122,828  $ 15.04 
Vested (11,240) $ 15.51 
Non-vested outstanding, December 31, 2020 111,588  $ 14.99 


Note 22. Regulatory Matters
U.S. state insurance laws and regulations prescribe accounting practices for determining statutory net income and capital and surplus for insurance companies. In addition, state regulators may permit statutory accounting practices that differ from prescribed practices. Statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by regulatory authorities for the Company’s insurance company subsidiaries, Benchmark, ALIC and 7710 differ from GAAP. The principal differences between statutory accounting practices ("SAP") and GAAP as they relate to the financial statements of Benchmark, ALIC and 7710 are (i) policy acquisition costs are expensed as incurred under SAP, whereas they are deferred and amortized under GAAP, (ii) deferred tax assets are subject to more limitations regarding what amounts can be recorded under SAP and (iii) bonds are recorded at amortized cost under SAP and fair value under GAAP. Benchmark is domiciled in Kansas, ALIC is domiciled in Utah and 7710 is domiciled in South Carolina. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and during the years then ended, Benchmark, ALIC and 7710 met all regulatory requirements of the states in which they operate.

121

Table of Contents
Risk-based capital ("RBC") requirements as promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") require property and casualty insurers to maintain minimum capitalization levels determined based on formulas incorporating various business risks (e.g. investment risk, underwriting profitability, etc.) of the insurance company subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the insurance company subsidiaries’ adjusted capital and surplus exceeded their authorized control level as determined by the NAIC’s risk-based capital models.

Summarized statutory basis information, which differs from GAAP, is shown below for Benchmark, ALIC and 7710.

2020
(in thousands, except percentages) Benchmark ALIC 7710
Statutory capital and surplus $ 173,241  $ 6,284  $ 6,370 
RBC authorized control level 14,379  523  1,265 
Statutory net income 20,475  111  519 
RBC percentage 1205  % 1202  % 504  %


2019
(in thousands, except percentages) Benchmark ALIC
Statutory capital and surplus $ 135,941  $ 5,947 
RBC authorized control level 13,862  733 
Statutory net income 23,475  266 
RBC percentage 981  % 811  %


The amount of dividends that our insurance subsidiaries may pay in any twelve-month period, without prior approval by their respective domestic insurance regulators, is restricted under the laws of Kansas, California, Utah and South Carolina.

Under Kansas and California law, dividends payable from Benchmark without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner must not exceed the greater of (i) 10% of Benchmark’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively, or (ii) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains). Dividends shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of Benchmark's own securities. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 the Company could approve dividends without the approval of the state up to $23,475 and $13,551, respectively. The Kansas Insurance Department does not have any limitations on the total amount of dividends paid.

Under Utah law, dividends payable from ALIC without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner must not exceed the lesser of (i) 10% of ALIC’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Utah Insurance Department (ii) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve- month period (not including realized capital gains). Dividends shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of ALIC's own securities. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 the Company could approve dividends without the approval of the state up to $266 and $467, respectively.

Under South Carolina law, dividends payable from 7710 without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the following during the preceding twelve months: (a) when paid from other than earned surplus must not exceed the lesser of: (i) 10% of 7710's surplus as regards policyholders as shown in 7710’s most recent annual statement; or (ii) the net income, not including net realized capital gains or losses as shown in the 7710's most recent annual statement; or (b) when paid from earned surplus must not exceed the greater of: (i) 10% of 7710's surplus as regards policyholders as shown in 7710’s most recent annual statement; or (ii) the net income, not including net realized capital gains or losses as shown in the 7710's most recent annual statement. Dividends shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of 7710’s own securities. For the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company could approve dividends without the approval of the state up to $118.

122

Table of Contents
The insurance laws of Kansas require Benchmark to maintain minimum capital and surplus of $1,500. The insurance laws of Utah require ALIC to maintain minimum capital in the amount of $300. The insurance laws of South Carolina require 7710 to maintain minimum capital and surplus of $1,200.

Note 23. Employee Benefit Plan
The Company has a 401(k) Plan and Trust. This Plan covers all eligible employees of the Company. An employee becomes eligible on the first day of each calendar quarter if they are at least 21 years old. Participants may elect to contribute from 1 percent up to 15 percent of their salary annually. The Company matches 50 percent of each dollar an employee contributes on the first 5 percent of compensation. In addition, under the safe-harbor plan, the Company contributes 3 percent of each participant's gross wages regardless of the employee's contributions. The Company may also make discretionary profit sharing contributions. The employees vest 25 percent per year of service beginning in the second full year of service. The Company contributed approximately $942, $721 and $662 to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 24. Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is subject to litigation related to its insurance business. Management does not believe that the Company is a party to any such pending litigation that would have a material adverse effect on its future operations.

Note 25. Transactions with Related Parties
In connection with our IPO, we entered into a director nomination agreement with the Altaris Funds, the Company's principal stockholder. So long as the Altaris Funds own 35% or more of our outstanding common stock, the Altaris Funds will have the right (but not the obligation) to nominate three individuals to our board of directors; so long as the Altaris Funds own 20% or more but less than 35% of our outstanding common stock, the Altaris Funds will have the right (but not the obligation) to nominate two individuals to our board of directors; and so long as the Altaris Funds own 10% or more but less than 20% of our outstanding common stock, the Altaris Funds will have the right (but not the obligation) to nominate one individual to our board of directors. Prior to the IPO, the Company paid a management fee to the Altaris Funds totaling $500, $1,000 and $1,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of operations. In conjunction with the IPO, the Company paid a termination fee to the Altaris Funds totaling $7,639, which is included in other expenses on the consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2019, the Company owed the Altaris Funds $83, which is included within accounts payable and accrued expenses on the 2019 consolidated balance sheet.

The Company was owed amounts from TRI of $14 as of December 31, 2019, which is included in related party receivables on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded and $200, $200 and $144 of revenue for consulting services provided to TRI for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Effective July 15, 2020, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC purchased the remaining ownership interest in Compstar (See Note 3). Prior to the acquisition, the Company owned a 45% interest in Compstar, a program manager that handles the underwriting, premium collection and servicing of insurance policies for the Company. The Company recorded $90,199 of gross earned premiums resulting in gross commissions of $17,709 for the year ended December 31, 2020 prior to the acquisition. The Company recorded $176,083 and $116,584 of gross earned premiums resulting in gross commissions of $37,034 and $24,711 due to Compstar for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. All receivables are stated net of the commissions due under the Program Manager Agreement and totaled $22,207 as of December 31, 2019 which is recorded in related party receivables on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 26. Subsequent Events
Events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date, but before the consolidated financial statements are complete, are reviewed by the Company to determine if they are to be recognized and/or disclosed as appropriate.

Any effects of subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the consolidated balance sheet date, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing the consolidated financial statements, are recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

123

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Trean Insurance Group, Inc.
Condensed Balance Sheet
(in thousands, except share data)
December 31,
2020
Assets
Investment in subsidiaries $ 252,607 
Total investments 252,607 
Cash and cash equivalents 683 
Income taxes receivable 4,579 
Intercompany receivables 152,643 
Deferred tax asset 257 
Total assets $ 410,769 
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 662 
Total liabilities 662 
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share (600,000,000 authorized; 51,148,782 issued and outstanding)
511 
Additional paid-in capital 287,110 
Retained earnings 112,959 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 9,527 
Total stockholders' equity 410,107 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 410,769 


124

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Information of Registrant - (Continued)

Trean Insurance Group, Inc.
Condensed Statement of Operations
(in thousands)
 Year Ended December 31,
2020
Revenues
Other revenue $ 300 
Total revenue 300 
Expenses
General and administrative expenses 1,118 
Other expenses 11,054 
Noncash stock compensation 506 
Interest expense 299 
Total expenses 12,977 
Loss before taxes (12,677)
Income tax benefit (1,993)
Loss before equity earnings of subsidiaries (10,684)
Equity earnings of subsidiaries 101,453 
Net income $ 90,769 


125

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Information of Registrant - (Continued)

Trean Insurance Group, Inc.
Condensed Statement of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
 Year Ended December 31,
2020
Operating activities
Net income $ 90,769 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Stock compensation 506 
Equity (earnings) losses in subsidiaries (101,453)
Deferred income taxes (257)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Premiums and other receivables 300 
Other assets (665)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 662 
Income taxes payable (4,579)
Intercompany receivables (7,099)
Net cash used in operating activities (21,816)
Investing activities
Capital contributions to subsidiaries (71,489)
Net cash used for investing activities (71,489)
Financing activities
Shares redeemed for payroll taxes (82)
Proceeds from initial public offering 99,643 
Deferred offering costs (5,839)
Cash contributed in formation of the Company 266 
Net cash provided by financing activities 93,988 
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 683 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ beginning of period — 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ end of period $ 683 


126

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms specified by the SEC.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
This annual report does not include a report of management's assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the company's registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for newly public companies.

As we are an "emerging growth company" under the JOBS Act of 2012, the Company's registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and no attestation report has been included in this annual report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

Not applicable.
127

Table of Contents
PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as amended (the “Code”) is applicable to all officers, directors, and employees. The Code is posted on our website at https://www.trean.com. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report. We will satisfy any disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, any provision of the Code with respect to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and persons performing similar functions by disclosing the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website or in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
128

Table of Contents
PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Exhibit Number Description
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
3.2
Amended and Restated By-Laws of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
4.1+
Description of Securities
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and the parties named therein (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Reorganization Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and the parties named therein (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc., BIC Holdings LLC and Trean Holdings LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, between Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Trean Compstar Holdings LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Director Nomination Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc., AHP-BHC LLC, AHP-TH LLC, ACP-BHC LLC and ACP-TH LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
10.6**
Trean Insurance Group, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Termination Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Altaris Capital Partners, LLC, BIC Holdings LLC, Trean Holdings LLC and Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2020, among Blake Baker Enterprises I, Inc., Blake Baker Enterprises II, Inc., Blake Baker Enterprises III, Inc., Blake Baker, Compstar Holding Company LLC, Trean Holdings LLC and Trean Compstar Holdings LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 19, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Amendment No. 1 to Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2020, among Blake Baker Enterprises I, Inc., Blake Baker Enterprises II, Inc., Blake Baker Enterprises III, Inc., Blake Baker, Compstar Holding Company LLC, Trean Holdings LLC and Trean Compstar Holdings LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.5b to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1A filed on July 9, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Director Nomination Agreement among Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and the Altaris Funds (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 19, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
10.11**
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1A filed on July 9, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
10.12**
Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1A filed on July 9, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Indemnification Agreement between Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 19, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2020, among Trean Holdings LLC, Trean Corporation, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC, Benchmark Administrators, LLC and First Horizon Bank, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 19, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc., Trean Corporation, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC, Benchmark Administrators, LLC and First Horizon Bank, N.A.
21.1+
Subsidiaries of Trean Insurance Group, Inc.
23.1+
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
129

Table of Contents
Exhibit Number Description
24.1+ Power of Attorney (included on the signature pages hereto)
31.1+
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2+
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference to any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
** Represents management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangements.
+ Filed herewith.


Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.
130

Table of Contents
Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 26, 2021.
TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC.
By: /s/ Andrew M. O'Brien
Andrew M. O'Brien
President and Chief Executive Officer

131

Table of Contents
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that undersigned hereby constitute and appoint each of Andrew M. O’Brien, Julie A. Baron and Joy N. Elder, and each of them, as true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution, in any and all capacities, to, sign Trean Insurance Group, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and any and all amendments and supplements thereto and all other instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and take any other action or any type whatsoever in connection with the foregoing which in the opinion of such attorney-in-fact, may be of benefit to, in the best interest of, or legally required by, the undersigned, it being understood that the documents executed by such attorney-in-fact on behalf of the undersigned pursuant to this Power of Attorney shall be in such form and shall contain such terms and conditions as such attorney-in-fact may approve in such attorney-in-fact’s discretion. The undersigned acknowledges that the foregoing attorneys-in-fact, in serving in such capacity at the request of the undersigned, are not assuming any of the undersigned’s responsibilities to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
/s/ Andrew M. O'Brien President, Chief Executive Officer and Director March 26, 2021
Andrew M. O'Brien (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Julie A. Baron Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary March 26, 2021
Julie A. Baron (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Daniel G. Tully Chairman of the Board March 26, 2021
Daniel G. Tully
/s/ Steven B. Lee Director March 26, 2021
Steven B. Lee
/s/ Mary A. Chaput Director March 26, 2021
Mary A. Chaput
/s/ David G. Ellison Director March 26, 2021
David G. Ellison
/s/ Randall D. Jones Director March 26, 2021
Randall D. Jones
/s/ Terry P. Mayotte Director March 26, 2021
Terry P. Mayotte

132

Exhibit 4.1
Description of capital stock
The following description of the capital stock of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (“Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) and provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated by-laws are summaries and do not purport to be complete. They are qualified in their entirety by reference to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated by-laws that are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “2020 Form 10-K”) of which this Exhibit 4.1 is a part, and by applicable law.

Authorized capital stock
Our authorized capital stock consists of 600,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of March 19, 2021, we had 51,148,782 shares of our common stock outstanding, held by 16 stockholders of record, and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.

Common stock
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Our common stockholders are not entitled to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and only then at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive their ratable share of the net assets of the Company available after payment of all debts and other liabilities, subject to the prior preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription or redemption rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate in the future.

Preferred stock
Our board of directors has the authority, subject to the limitations imposed by Delaware law and the Nasdaq listing rules, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences, limitations and rights of the shares of each series, including:
dividend rates;
conversion rights;
voting rights;
terms of redemption and liquidation preferences; and
the number of shares constituting each series.
Satisfaction of any dividend preferences of outstanding shares of preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of dividends on shares of our common stock. Holders of shares of preferred stock may be entitled to receive a preference payment in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up before any payment is made to the holders of shares of our common stock.

Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.

There are no current agreements or understandings with respect to the issuance of preferred stock and our board of directors has no present intentions to issue any shares of preferred stock.




Certain anti-takeover provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated by-laws and applicable law
Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated by-laws, Delaware law and insurance regulations applicable to our business may discourage or make more difficult a takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider in his or her best interest. These provisions may also adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock. We believe that the benefits of increased protection give us the potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us and outweigh the disadvantage of discouraging those proposals because negotiation of the proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.

Authorized but unissued capital stock
Delaware law does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares. However, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq, which apply so long as our common stock remains listed on the Nasdaq, require stockholder approval of certain issuances equal to or exceeding 20% of the then outstanding voting power or then outstanding number of shares of common stock. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings, to raise additional capital or to facilitate acquisitions.

Our board of directors may generally issue preferred shares on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or the removal of our management. Moreover, our authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock will be available for future issuances without stockholder approval and could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans.

One of the effects of the existence of unissued and unreserved common stock or preferred stock may be to enable our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which issuance could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of our company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby protect the continuity of our management and possibly deprive our stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of common stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.

Classified board of directors; number of directors
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws provide that, subject to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors will be fixed from time to time exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by the board of directors.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms, with the classes as nearly equal in number as possible. As a result, one class (i.e., approximately one-third of our board of directors) is elected at each annual meeting of stockholders, with the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms. A third party may be discouraged from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us as it is more difficult and time-consuming for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors on a classified board. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that the number of directors on our board is fixed exclusively pursuant to resolution adopted by our board of directors.

In connection with our initial public offering which closed July 20, 2020, we entered into a Director Nomination Agreement that grants the Altaris Funds the right to nominate individuals to our board of directors provided certain ownership requirements are met.

Vacancies
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to the rights granted to one or more series of preferred stock then outstanding, any vacancies on our board of directors will be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.

Special stockholder meetings
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws provides that special meetings of our stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time only (i) by the chairman of our board of directors, (ii) by our chief executive officer, (iii) pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of our board of directors or (iv) until the date that the principal stockholders cease to beneficially own 30% or more of our outstanding shares, at the request of holders of at least 50% of our outstanding shares. Except as described above, stockholders will not have the authority to call a special meeting of



stockholders. Our amended and restated by-laws prohibit the conduct of any business at a special meeting other than as specified in the notice for such meeting.

Requirements for advance notification of director nominations and stockholder proposals
Our amended and restated by-laws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the board of directors or a committee of the board of directors. In order for any matter to be "properly brought" before a meeting, a stockholder must comply with advance notice requirements and provide us with certain information. Generally, to be timely, a stockholder's notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders. Our amended and restated by-laws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder's notice. Our amended and restated by-laws allow the chairman of the meeting at a meeting of the stockholders to adopt rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings which may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the rules and regulations are not followed. These provisions do not apply to the principal stockholders at any time when they beneficially own, in the aggregate, less than 30% of our outstanding common stock. These provisions may also defer, delay or discourage a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer's own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to influence or obtain control of us.

Stockholder action by written consent
Pursuant to Section 228 of the DGCL, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is or are signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of our stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted, unless our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation precludes stockholder action by written consent at any time when the principal stockholders beneficially own, in the aggregate, less than 30% of our outstanding common stock.

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
As a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a "business combination" with an "interested stockholder" for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A "business combination" includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An "interested stockholder" is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation's voting stock. For the avoidance of doubt, our principal stockholders, the Altaris Funds, are not interested stockholders. Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions:
before the stockholder became interested, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and officers; or
at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.
A Delaware corporation may "opt out" of Section 203 with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or by-laws resulting from amendments approved by holders of at least a majority of the corporation's outstanding voting shares. We will elect to "opt out" of Section 203.

Insurance regulations
The insurance laws and regulations of the states of Kansas, the state of domicile of Benchmark, California, where Benchmark is commercially domiciled, and Utah, the state of domicile of ALIC, may delay or impede a business combination involving our company. State insurance laws prohibit an entity from acquiring control of an insurance company without the prior approval of the domestic insurance regulator. Under most states' statutes, including Kansas', California's and Utah's, an entity is presumed to



have control of an insurance company if it owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting stock of that insurance company or its parent company. These regulatory restrictions may delay, deter or prevent a potential merger or sale of our company, even if our board of directors decides that it is in the best interests of stockholders for us to merge or be sold. These restrictions also may delay sales by us or acquisitions by third parties of our subsidiaries.

Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation
Exclusive forum
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the exclusive forum for any action under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall be either the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware. This exclusive forum provision will not apply to claims which are vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, for which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction or, in the case of an action under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, for which neither the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware nor the federal district court for the District of Delaware has subject matter jurisdiction.

Conflicts of interest
The DGCL permits corporations to adopt provisions renouncing any interest or expectancy in certain opportunities that are presented to the corporation or its officers, directors or stockholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation renounces, to the maximum extent permitted from time to time by law, any interest or expectancy that we have in, or right to be offered an opportunity to participate in, specified business opportunities that are from time to time presented to our officers, directors or stockholders or their respective affiliates, other than those officers, directors, stockholders or affiliates who are our or our subsidiaries' employees. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, each of the principal stockholders or any of their affiliates or any director who is not employed by us or his or her affiliates will have no duty to refrain from (i) engaging in a corporate opportunity in the same or similar lines of business in which we or our affiliates now engage or propose to engage or (ii) otherwise competing with us or our affiliates. In addition, to the fullest extent permitted by law, in the event that the principal stockholders or any non-employee director acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or other business opportunity which may be a corporate opportunity for themselves or himself or their or his affiliates or for us or our affiliates, such person will have no duty to communicate or offer such transaction or business opportunity to us or any of our affiliates and they may take any such opportunity for themselves or offer it to another person or entity. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not renounce our interest in any business opportunity that is expressly offered to a non-employee director solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Company. To the fullest extent permitted by law, no business opportunity will be deemed to be a potential corporate opportunity for us unless we would be permitted to undertake the opportunity under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we have sufficient financial resources to undertake the opportunity and the opportunity would be in line with our business.

Limitation of liability and indemnification of directors and officers
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes provisions that limit the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except to the extent that such limitation is not permitted under the DGCL. Such limitation shall not apply, except to the extent permitted by the DGCL, to (i) any breach of a director's duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) any unlawful payment of a dividend or unlawful stock repurchase or redemption, as provided in Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. These provisions will have no effect on the availability of equitable remedies such as an injunction or rescission based on a director's breach of his or her duty of care.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our by-laws provide for indemnification, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, of any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or, at our request, serves or served as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or any other enterprise, against all expenses, judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement and other losses actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of such action, suit or proceeding. In addition, we intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers pursuant to which we will agree to indemnify each such executive officer and director to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.




Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Listing
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol "TIG."

Transfer agent and registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Equiniti Trust Company. The transfer agent's address is 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, MN 55120.


Exhibit 10.15
    


SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT

among
    
Trean Insurance Group, Inc.,
as Holdings and a Borrower,

TREAN CORPORATION,

TREAN COMPSTAR HOLDINGS LLC, and

BENCHMARK ADMINISTRATORS, LLC,
as the Borrower,

The Other Loan Parties from Time to Time Parties Hereto,

The Several Lenders from Time to Time Parties Hereto,

and

FIRST HORIZON BANK,
as Administrative Agent



Dated as of July 16, 2020

    

FIRST HORIZON BANK,
as Sole Lead Arranger and Book Runner

    



TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
2
2
32
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
37
37
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
43
45
47
48
48
48
50
51
51
51
52
52
52
53
53
53
53
53



54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
56
57
57
58
58
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
62
63
64
65
66
67
67
67
68
69
69
71
71
71
71
72
73
73
73
73
-2-


75
76
78
79
79
82
83
83
84
84
84
84
85
85
85
85
86
89
89
89
89
90
90
91
91
91
92
92
92
93
95
95
95
96
99
100
100
100
101
101
101
-3-


102
102
103
103
103
104
104
104
105
SCHEDULES:
-4-



1.1-C    Lender Commitments
2.5    Authorized Persons
4.4    Consents, Authorizations, Filings and Notices
4.9    Real Property
4.16    Subsidiaries
4.20    UCC Filing Jurisdictions
4.24    Material Contracts
6.15    Post-Closing Matters
7.2(c)    Existing Indebtedness
7.3(f)    Existing Liens
7.9    Transactions with Affiliates

EXHIBITS:

A    Form of Closing Certificate
B    Form of Compliance Certificate
C    Form of Assignment and Assumption
2.5     Form of Notice of Revolving Borrowing
2.7    Form of Notice of Swingline Borrowing
2.19(d)    Form of Exemption Certificate
-5-


SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT
THIS SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of July 16, 2020, by and among Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”), TREAN CORPORATION, a Minnesota corporation (“Trean”), TREAN COMPSTAR HOLDINGS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Trean Compstar”) and BENCHMARK ADMINISTRATORS, LLC (“BA LLC” and together with Holdings, Trean and Trean Compstar, collectively the “Borrower”), the other Loan Parties (as defined herein) from time to time party hereto, the several banks and other financial institutions and lenders from time to time party hereto (the “Lenders”), and FIRST HORIZON BANK, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent for the Lenders (the “Administrative Agent”) and as swingline lender (the “Swingline Lender”).

W I T N E S S E T H :
WHEREAS, Borrower, the other Loan Parties party thereto, the Existing Lenders and Administrative Agent entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of the Initial Closing Date (as the same was amended, restated or otherwise modified prior to the First Amended and Restated Closing Date, the “Initial Credit Agreement”) pursuant to which the Existing Lenders made available to the Borrower a $27,500,000 term loan facility and a $3,000,000 revolving credit facility, on the terms and conditions contained therein;
WHEREAS, Borrower, the other Loan Parties party thereto, the Existing Lenders and Administrative Agent entered into that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of the First Amended and Restated Closing Date (as the same has been amended, restated or otherwise modified prior to the date hereof, the “Existing Credit Agreement”) pursuant to which the Existing Lenders made available to the Borrower a $33,000,000 term loan facility and a $2,000,000 revolving credit facility, on the terms and conditions contained therein;
WHEREAS, the parties hereto have agreed to amend and restate the Existing Credit Agreement as provided in this Agreement, which Agreement shall become effective upon the satisfaction of the conditions precedent set forth in Section 5;
WHEREAS, it is the intent of the parties hereto that this Agreement (i) not constitute a novation of the obligations and liabilities existing under the Existing Credit Agreement or evidence repayment of any of such obligations and liabilities and (ii) amend and restate in its entirety the Existing Credit Agreement and re-evidence the obligations of each Borrower and each other Loan Party outstanding thereunder;
WHEREAS, the Loan Parties desire to secure or to continue to secure all of their Obligations under the Loan Documents by granting or continuing and reaffirming a security interest in and lien granted to Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, upon the Collateral;



NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants herein contained, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
Section 1.DEFINITIONS
a.Defined Terms
. As used in this Agreement, the terms listed in this Section 1.1 shall have the respective meanings set forth in this Section 1.1. Where the meaning of any term is stated to be “None”, “Not applicable” or “N/A”, provisions of this Agreement using such term shall be disregarded as to such term.
ABR”: for any day, a rate per annum (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the next 1/16 of 1%) equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus ½ of 1%, and (c) if then being determined in accordance with the definition thereof, the Eurodollar Base Rate applicable to U.S. dollars for a period of one month (“One Month LIBOR”) plus 1.00% (such One Month LIBOR to be based on such rate as appearing on the Bloomberg reporting service (or other commercially available source providing such quotations as designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time) at approximately 11:00 a.m. London time on such day). For purposes hereof: “Prime Rate” shall mean the per annum rate which the Administrative Agent publicly announces from time to time to be its prime lending rate, as in effect from time to time (the Prime Rate not being intended to be the lowest or best rate of interest charged by the Administrative Agent in connection with extensions of credit to debtors). Any change in the ABR due to a change in the Prime Rate, the Federal Funds Rate or One Month LIBOR shall be effective as of the opening of business on the effective day of such change in the Prime Rate, the Federal Funds Rate, or One Month LIBOR, as the case may be. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, ABR shall not be less than zero.
ABR Loans”: Loans the rate of interest applicable to which is based upon the ABR.
Acquired Business”: the entity or assets comprising a division or business line, segment or unit, in each case engaged in the Business, acquired by Borrower or a Subsidiary of Borrower in an Acquisition, whether before or after the date hereof.

Acquisition”: the acquisition by any Person, in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions, of all or any substantial portion of the Property of another Person, or of a division or other business segment, line or unit of another Person, or at least a majority of the voting Capital Stock of another Person, in each case whether or not involving a merger or consolidation with such other Person and whether for cash, property, services, assumption of Indebtedness, securities or otherwise.
Administrative Agent”: First Horizon Bank, together with its affiliates, as the administrative agent and collateral agent for the Lenders under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with its successors and assigns in such capacity.
2


Affiliate”: as to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, is in control of, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” of a Person means the power, directly or indirectly, either to (a) vote 10% or more of the securities having ordinary voting power for the election of directors (or persons performing similar functions) of such Person or (b) direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether by contract or otherwise.
Aggregate Exposure”: with respect to any Lender at any time, an amount equal to the sum of (i) the aggregate then unpaid principal amount of such Lender’s Term Loans and (ii) the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then in effect or, if the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding.
Aggregate Exposure Percentage”: with respect to any Lender at any time, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of such Lender’s Aggregate Exposure at such time to the Aggregate Exposure of all Lenders at such time.
Agreement”: as defined in the preamble hereto.
Amendment”: as defined in Section 2.24.
Anti-Corruption Laws”: the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1, et seq,
the UK Bribery Act of 2010 and all other laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction
applicable to any Loan Party or any of its Affiliates from time to time concerning or relating to
bribery or corruption.

Applicable Margin”: for Eurodollar Loans, 4.50% and for ABR Loans, 3.50%.

Approved Fund”: as defined in Section 10.6(b).
Asset Sale”: any Disposition or series of related Dispositions of Property (including Capital Stock, but excluding any such Disposition permitted by Section 7.5, other than clause (h) thereof) that yields gross proceeds to any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) (valued at the initial principal amount thereof in the case of non-cash proceeds consisting of notes or other debt securities and valued at fair market value in the case of other non-cash proceeds) in excess of $100,000.
Assignee”: as defined in Section 10.6(b).
Assignment and Assumption”: an Assignment and Assumption, substantially in the form of Exhibit C.
Available Revolving Commitment”: as to any Revolving Lender at any time, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then in effect over (b) such Lender’s Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding; provided that in calculating any Lender’s Revolving Extensions of Credit for the purpose of determining such Lender’s Available
3


Revolving Commitment pursuant to Section 2.8(a), the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans then outstanding shall be deemed to be zero.

Average Life”: as of any date of determination, with respect to any Indebtedness, the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the sum of the products of the number of years (rounded to the nearest one-twelfth of one year) from the date of determination to the date of each scheduled principal payment of such Indebtedness multiplied by the amount of such payment by (b) the sum of all such payments.

Bail-In Action”: the exercise of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable EEA Resolution Authority in respect of any liability of an EEA Financial Institution.

Bail-In Legislation”: with respect to any EEA Member Country implementing Article 55 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, the implementing law for such EEA Member Country from time to time which is described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule.

Benchmark”: Benchmark Holding Company.

Benchmark Entities”: Benchmark and each of its Subsidiaries.
Beneficial Ownership Certification” means a certification regarding beneficial ownership as required by the Beneficial Ownership Regulation.
Beneficial Ownership Regulation” means 31 C.F.R. § 1010.230.
Benefited Lender”: as defined in Section 10.7(a).
BIC”: means BIC Holdings, LLC.
BIC Subordination Agreement”: that certain subordination agreement of even date herewith by and among the Administrative Agent, BIC, and Trean Reinsurance Services, LLC.
BIC/Trean Agreement”: that certain Brokerage Sharing Agreement dated as of July 1, 2016 between Trean Reinsurance Services, LLC and BIC.
Board”: the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States (or any successor).
Borrower”: as defined in the preamble hereto.
Borrowing Date”: any Business Day specified by the Borrower as a date on which the Borrower requests the relevant Lenders to make Loans hereunder.
Business”: the business of providing insurance management, insurance and reinsurance consulting and reinsurance placement services, together with activities and businesses incidental or otherwise reasonably related to that primary business.
4


Business Day”: a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in Tennessee or New York are authorized or required by law to close, provided that with respect to notices and determinations in connection with, and payments of principal and interest on, Eurodollar Loans, such day is also a day for trading by and between banks in US Dollar deposits in the London interbank market.
Business Disposition”: any Disposition of its property or series of related Dispositions of its property or a division or other business unit or segment, or a majority of its voting Capital Stock (whether or not involving a merger or consolidation with any other Person).
Capital Expenditures”: for any period, with respect to any Person, the aggregate of all expenditures by such Person and its Subsidiaries (other than (a) Permitted Acquisitions and (b) any expenditures made with proceeds of (i) any Disposition to the extent such expenditures are used to purchase Property that is useful in the Business or (ii) Excluded Issuances) that are required to be capitalized under GAAP on a consolidated balance sheet of such Person and its Subsidiaries.

Capital Lease Obligations”: as to any Person, the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any lease of (or other arrangement conveying the right to use) real or personal property, or a combination thereof, which obligations are required to be classified and accounted for as capital leases on a balance sheet of such Person under GAAP and, for the purposes of this Agreement, the amount of such obligations at any time shall be the capitalized amount thereof at such time determined in accordance with GAAP.
Capital Stock”: any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock of a corporation, member interests in a limited liability company or partner interests in a partnership, any and all equivalent ownership interests in any other type of Person and any and all warrants, rights or options to purchase any of the foregoing.
Cash Collateralize”: in respect of any obligations, to provide and pledge (as a first priority perfected security interest) cash collateral for such obligations in US Dollars, with the Administrative Agent, pursuant to documentation in form and substance substantially consistent with the Security Documents and otherwise reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (and “Cash Collateralization” has a corresponding meaning).
Cash Equivalents”: (a) marketable direct obligations issued by, or unconditionally guaranteed by, the United States Government or issued by any agency thereof and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in each case maturing within one year from the date of acquisition; (b) certificates of deposit, time deposits, eurodollar time deposits or overnight bank deposits having maturities of 12 months or less from the date of acquisition issued by any Lender or by any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof having combined capital and surplus of not less than $500,000,000, or any bank whose short-term commercial paper rating from S&P is at least A-2 or the equivalent thereof or from Moody’s is at least P-2 or the equivalent thereof (any such bank being an “Approved Bank”); (c) commercial paper and variable or fixed rate notes issued by any Approved Bank (or by the parent company thereof) or any commercial paper or variable or fixed rate notes issued by, or
5


guaranteed by, any domestic corporation rated A-2 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by S&P or P-2 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by Moody’s and maturing within 270 days from the date of acquisition; (d) repurchase obligations of any Lender, Approved Bank or recognized securities dealer having capital and surplus in excess of $500,000,000, having a term of not more than ninety (90) days, with respect to securities issued or fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government; (e) securities with maturities of one year or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States, by any political subdivision or taxing authority of any such state, commonwealth or territory or by any foreign government, the securities of which state, commonwealth, territory, political subdivision, taxing authority or foreign government (as the case may be) are rated at least A by S&P or A by Moody’s; (f) securities with maturities of 12 months or less from the date of acquisition backed by standby letters of credit issued by any Lender or any Approved Bank; (g) money market mutual or similar funds that invest exclusively in assets satisfying the requirements of clauses (a) through (f) of this definition; or (h) money market funds that (i) comply with the criteria set forth in SEC Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (ii) are rated AAA by S&P and Aaa by Moody’s and (iii) have portfolio assets of at least $500,000,000.
Client Mark”: as defined in Section 10.16.
Closing Date”: the date on which the conditions precedent set forth in Section 5.1 shall have been satisfied or waived, which date is the date hereof.
Code”: the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
Collateral”: all property of the Loan Parties, now owned or hereafter acquired, upon which a Lien is purported to be created by any Security Document.

Contribution Agreements”: as defined in Section 5.1(w).

Commitment”: as to any Lender, the sum of the Term Commitment and the Revolving Commitment of such Lender.
Commitment Fee Rate”: 0.50% per annum.
Commodity Exchange Act”: the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. § 1 et seq.), as amended from time to time, and any successor statute.

Commonly Controlled Entity”: an entity, whether or not incorporated, that is under common control with the Borrower within the meaning of Section 4001 of ERISA or is part of a group that includes the Borrower and that is treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Code.

Compliance Certificate”: a certificate duly executed by a Responsible Officer substantially in the form of Exhibit B.
6


Compstar”: Compstar Insurance Services, LLC a California limited liability company.
Compstar Acquisition”: that acquisition by Compstar Holdco of all of the equity interests of Compstar from Exstar Financial Corporation.
Compstar Acquisition Documents”: Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of the Initial Closing Date, by and among Exstar Financial Corporation, Compstar Holdco and Compstar, and Restrictive Covenant Agreement, dated as of the Initial Closing Date, by and between Steven Shinn and Compstar
Compstar Holdco”: Compstar Holding Company LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement”: Credit Agreement, dated as of the Initial Closing Date, by and among Compstar Holdco, Compstar, Blake A. Baker and Oak Street Funding LLC (as amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time to time), whereby Oak Street Funding LLC has provided certain financial accommodations to Compstar Holdco and Compstar.
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA”: Consolidated EBITDA, adjusted as follows for the purposes of calculating adjustments to Consolidated EBITDA for any Reference Period solely for purposes of determining the Consolidated Senior Leverage Ratio or the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio: If at any time during such Reference Period, Holdings or any Restricted Subsidiary shall have made any Permitted Acquisition or Business Disposition, Consolidated EBITDA for such Reference Period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto as if such Permitted Acquisition or Business Disposition, as the case may be, occurred on the first day of the Reference Period. If at any time during such Reference Period, any Restricted Subsidiary is designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, Consolidated EBITDA for such Reference Period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto as if such designation, occurred on the first day of the Reference Period. Consolidated EBITDA amounts attributable to the applicable business in any such Permitted Acquisition or Business Disposition or to any Subsidiary subject to any such designation shall be calculated in a manner consistent with that used in determining Consolidated EBITDA for Holdings, and to the extent such amounts are not based on audited financial statements, then such amounts to be reflected in determining Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA shall be approved by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion.

Consolidated Current Assets”: at any date, all amounts that would, in conformity with GAAP, be set forth opposite the caption “total current assets” (or any like caption) on a consolidated balance sheet of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries at such date.

Consolidated Current Liabilities”: at any date, all amounts that would, in conformity with GAAP, be set forth opposite the caption “total current liabilities” (or any like caption) on a consolidated balance sheet of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries at such date, but excluding (a) the current portion of any Funded Debt of Holdings and its Subsidiaries and (b) without duplication of the preceding clause (a), all Indebtedness consisting of the outstanding principal amount of any Revolving Loans or Swingline Loans to the extent otherwise included therein.
7


    “Consolidated EBITDA”: for any Reference Period, Consolidated Net Income of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period plus, without duplication and to the extent reflected as an expense or charge in the determination of such Consolidated Net Income for such period, the sum of (a) income tax expense, (b) Consolidated Interest Expense, (c) depreciation and amortization expense, (d) non-cash compensation charges or other non-cash expenses or charges arising from the grant of or issuance or repricing of stock, stock options or other equity-based awards to the directors, officers or employees of Holdings and its Subsidiaries incurred during such period, (e) legal fees, closing fees and expenses incurred in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and paid within sixty days after the Closing Date, (f) one-time transaction costs or charges (whether cash or non-cash) paid or incurred during such period in respect of the Facilities (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any reasonable and documented costs or charges incurred in connection with entry into this Agreement and the other Loan Documents entered into on the Closing Date), (g) one-time reasonable and documented transaction costs or charges paid or incurred during such period in relation to a Qualified Initial Public Offering, any Permitted IPO Restructuring, any Permitted Acquisition or any financing of any such Permitted Acquisition, to the extent such costs or charges are (1) cash amounts paid during such period, or (2) non-cash amounts approved by the Administrative Agent for inclusion in this clause (g), (h) amounts paid in cash or accrued pursuant to the Sponsor Management Agreement during such period and that are otherwise permitted to be paid or not prohibited from being accrued, as applicable, hereunder, (i) Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments made in cash during such period to the extent permitted by Section 7.6(h), (j) non-cash charges arising from non-cash dividends or distributions on Capital Stock during such period, (k) any (1) extraordinary or non-recurring charges, expenses or losses including, costs related to severance, relocations, integration, facilities opening and closing and other restructuring costs, and (2) other non-cash charges incurred during such period as approved by the Administrative Agent for purposes of calculating Consolidated EBITDA, provided that all such charges, expenses and losses described in the preceding subclauses (1) and (2) shall in no event exceed (for purposes of such calculation) $750,000 in any Reference Period, and (l) solely for purposes of determining compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.1, in respect of any period in which a Specified Equity Contribution was made, the amount of such Specified Equity Contribution, minus, to the extent included in the determination of such Consolidated Net Income for such period, the sum of (i) interest income, and (ii) income tax credits (to the extent not netted from income tax expense), (iii) any other non-cash income or other non-cash items.
Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio”: as of the last day of any Reference Period, the ratio of (a) Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the most recently ended Reference Period minus the sum of (i) income taxes paid or payable in cash for such period, (ii) Capital Expenditures (to the extent not financed with the proceeds of permitted Funded Debt (other than the Loans) or the proceeds of any Recovery Event) for such period, (iii) payments made in cash pursuant to the Sponsor Management Agreement during such period to the extent permitted by the Management Fee Subordination Agreement, and (iv) Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments made in cash during such period to the extent permitted by Section 7.6(h), all as determined in accordance with GAAP, to (b) Consolidated Fixed Charges for such period (adjusted in the case
8


of any Reference Period in which a Permitted Acquisition or Business Disposition occurs in a similar manner as set forth in the definition of Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA);provided, however, that solely for the purpose of calculating the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for the first three fiscal quarters following the Closing Date, Consolidated Fixed Charges shall be calculated on an annualized basis such that, for the first fiscal quarter following the Closing Date, the Consolidated Fixed Charges shall be the actual Consolidated Fixed Charges incurred by Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries during such fiscal quarter multiplied by 4; for the second fiscal quarter following the Closing Date, the Consolidated Fixed Charges shall be the actual Consolidated Fixed Charges incurred by Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries during such two-quarter period multiplied by 2; and, for the third fiscal quarter following the Closing Date, the Consolidated Fixed Charges shall be the actual Consolidated Fixed Charges incurred by Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries during such three-quarter period multiplied by 1.33. Such calculations shall take into account all Indebtedness incurred or assumed, or repaid, as the case may be, in connection with Permitted Acquisitions or Business Dispositions, effective as of the first day of such Reference Period.
Consolidated Fixed Charges”: for any period, the sum (without duplication) of the following for Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis: (a) Consolidated Interest Expense paid or payable in cash for such period and (b) payments scheduled to be made during such period on account of principal of Indebtedness of Holdings or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (including principal amounts attributable to Capital Lease Obligations and scheduled principal payments in respect of the Term Loans) all as determined in accordance with GAAP.
Consolidated Interest Expense”: for any Reference Period, the sum of total interest expense (including the interest component attributable to Capital Lease Obligations and the interest component attributable to the Trean Indenture) of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, regardless of whether expensed or capitalized and regardless of whether paid during such period, with respect to all outstanding Indebtedness of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries (including all commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters of credit and bankers’ acceptance financing and net costs under Swap Agreements in respect of interest rates to the extent such net costs are allocable to such period in accordance with GAAP, whether or not actually paid or received during such period).

Consolidated Net Income”: for any Reference Period, the consolidated net income (or loss) of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that there shall be excluded from such net income (or loss) during such period, to the extent included or reflected therein (a) extraordinary gains, charges, expenses and losses, (b) any gains, charges, expenses and losses attributable to write-ups or write-downs of assets, asset dispositions or discontinued operations, (c) the income (or deficit) of any Person accrued prior to the date it becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of Holdings or is merged into or consolidated with Holdings or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, or the date that such Person’s assets are otherwise acquired in any Acquisition by Holdings or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, (d) the income (or deficit) of any Person (other than a Restricted Subsidiary of Holdings) in which Holdings or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries has an ownership
9


interest, except to the extent that any such income is actually received by Holdings or such Restricted Subsidiary in the form of cash dividends or similar distributions and (e) the undistributed earnings of any Restricted Subsidiary of Holdings to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary is not at the time permitted by the terms of any Contractual Obligation (other than under any Loan Document) or Requirement of Law applicable to such Restricted Subsidiary.

Consolidated Senior Debt”: Consolidated Total Debt (other than Indebtedness under the Trean Indenture and any other Subordinated Indebtedness).

Consolidated Total Debt”: at any date, the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding at such date (other than Indebtedness of the type described in clause (k) of the definition of Indebtedness), determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.

Consolidated Senior Leverage Ratio”: as of the last day of any Reference Period, the ratio of (a) Consolidated Senior Debt on such day to (b) Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for such period. Such calculations shall take into account all Indebtedness incurred or assumed, or repaid, as the case may be, in connection with Permitted Acquisitions or Business Dispositions, effective as of the first day of such Reference Period.

Consolidated Working Capital”: at any time, the excess of (i) Consolidated Current Assets at such time minus cash and Cash Equivalents at such time, over (ii) Consolidated Current Liabilities at such time; provided, that Consolidated Working Capital shall be calculated on a pro forma basis to address the impact of any Permitted Acquisition consummated during such period of determination.

Contractual Obligation”: as to any Person, any provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound.
Controlled Investment Affiliate”: with respect to the Sponsor, any Person (other than a natural Person) that (a) is organized by the Sponsor or an Affiliate of the Sponsor for the purpose of making equity investments in one or more companies and (b) is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Sponsor. For purposes of this definition “control” means the power to direct or cause the direction of management and policies of a Person, whether by contract or otherwise.

Cure Right”: as defined in Section 7.1(c).

Default”: any of the events specified in Section 8, regardless of whether any requirement for the giving of notice, the lapse of any cure period, or both (in each case as set forth in Section 8), has been satisfied.

10


Defaulting Lender”: at any time, a Lender as to which the Administrative Agent has notified the Borrower that (a) such Lender has failed for three (3) or more Business Days to comply with its obligations under this Agreement to make a Loan or make a payment to the Swingline Lender in respect of a Swingline Loan (each a “funding obligation”), (b) such Lender has notified the Administrative Agent, or has stated publicly, that it will not comply with any such funding obligation hereunder, (c) such Lender has, for three (3) or more Business Days, failed to confirm in writing to the Administrative Agent, in response to a written request of the Administrative Agent, that it will comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or (d) a Lender Insolvency Event has occurred and is continuing with respect to such Lender. Any determination that a Lender is a Defaulting Lender pursuant to the foregoing will be made by the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion acting in good faith. The Administrative Agent will send promptly to all parties hereto a copy of any notice to the Borrower provided for in this definition.

Disposition”: with respect to any property, any sale, lease, sale and leaseback, assignment, conveyance, transfer, Division of a limited liability company or otherwise or other disposition thereof (but excluding any disposition occurring in connection with a Recovery Event). The terms “Dispose” and “Disposed of” shall have correlative meanings.
Disqualified Capital Stock”: Capital Stock that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security or other Capital Stock into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable), or upon the happening of any event or condition (a) matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Capital Stock that is not otherwise Disqualified Capital Stock or in connection with a change of control or sale of such issuer or its Subsidiaries), pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, (b) is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof (other than solely for Capital Stock that is not otherwise Disqualified Capital Stock or in connection with a change of control or sale of such issuer or its Subsidiaries), in whole or in part, (c) provides for the scheduled payments or dividends in cash, or (d) is or becomes convertible into or exchangeable for Indebtedness or any other Capital Stock that would constitute Disqualified Capital Stock, in each case, prior to the first anniversary of the Term Loan Maturity Date.
Dividing Person” has the meaning assigned to it in the definition of “Division.”
Division” means the division of the assets, liabilities and/or obligations of a Person (the “Dividing Person”) among two or more Persons (whether pursuant to a “plan of division” pursuant to Section 18-217 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act or similar arrangement), which may or may not include the Dividing Person and pursuant to which the Dividing Person may or may not survive.
Division Successor” means any Person that, upon the consummation of a Division of a Dividing Person, holds all or any portion of the assets, liabilities and/or obligations previously held by such Dividing Person immediately prior to the consummation of such Division.  A Dividing Person which retains any of its assets, liabilities and/or obligations after a Division shall be deemed a Division Successor upon the occurrence of such Division.
11


Domestic Subsidiary”: any Subsidiary of Holdings organized under the laws of any jurisdiction within the United States.

EEA Financial Institution”: (a) any credit institution or investment firm established in any EEA Member Country which is subject to the supervision of an EEA Resolution Authority, (b) any entity established in an EEA Member Country which is a parent of an institution described in clause (a) of this definition, or (c) any financial institution established in an EEA Member Country which is a subsidiary of an institution described in clauses (a) or (b) of this definition and is subject to consolidated supervision with its parent.

EEA Member Country”: any of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.

EEA Resolution Authority”: any public administrative authority or any person entrusted with public administrative authority of any EEA Member Country (including any delegee) having responsibility for the resolution of any EEA Financial Institution.

Environmental Laws”: any and all Requirements of Law regulating, relating to or imposing liability or standards of conduct concerning protection of human health (with respect to environmental and exposure hazards) or the environment, including those relating to the generation, recycling, use, reuse, sale, storage, handling, transport, treatment or disposal of Hazardous Materials, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation Liability Act of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. §9601 et seq., the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended by the Solid and Hazardous Waste Amendments of 1984, 42 U.S.C. §6901 et seq., the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. §2601 et seq., the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. §1801, et seq., the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. §7401, et seq., the Clean Water Act of 1977, 33 U.S.C. §1251, et seq., and any rules and regulations promulgated or published thereunder, and any state, regional, county or local statute, law, rule, regulation or ordinance now or hereafter in effect that relates to public health and safety (with respect to environmental and exposure hazards) or the discharge, emission or disposal of Hazardous Materials in or to air, water, land or groundwater, to the use, handling or disposal of asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum, petroleum derivatives or by-products, other hydrocarbons or urea formaldehyde, to the treatment, transportation, release, storage, disposal or management of Hazardous Materials, or to exposure to Hazardous Materials.
ERISA”: the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time.
EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule”: the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor person), as in effect from time to time.
Eurodollar Base Rate”: with respect to each day during each Interest Period pertaining to a Eurodollar Loan, the rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) 0.50%, and (ii) the offered rate for deposits in US Dollars for a period equal to such Interest Period commencing on the first
12


day of such Interest Period appearing on the Bloomberg reporting service at or about 11:00 a.m., London time, two (2) Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period. In the event that the rate described in clause (ii) does not appear on the Bloomberg reporting service, such rate described in clause (ii) shall be determined by reference to such other comparable publicly available service for displaying eurodollar rates as may be selected by the Administrative Agent or, in the absence of such availability, by reference to the rate at which major U.S. banks are offered US Dollar deposits at or about 11:00 a.m. (London, England time) two (2) Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period in the interbank eurodollar market where their eurodollar and foreign currency and exchange operations are then being conducted for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period for the number of days comprised therein, as determined by the Administrative Agent. If Bloomberg reporting service no longer reports the rate described in clause (ii) and the Administrative Agent in good faith determines that it cannot determine the rate described in clause (ii) as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, then, subject to Section 2.24 in the circumstances described therein, the Administrative Agent shall determine the Eurodollar Base Rate utilizing a comparable or successor rate as approved by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, provided, that until such time as the Administrative Agent and the Borrower approve a successor rate, then the provisions of Section 2.16 shall apply.
Eurodollar Loans”: Loans the rate of interest applicable to which is based upon the Eurodollar Rate.
Eurodollar Rate”: with respect to each day during each Interest Period pertaining to a Eurodollar Loan, a rate per annum determined for such day in accordance with the following formula (rounded upward to the nearest 1/100th of 1%):
Eurodollar Rate = Eurodollar Base Rate ÷ (1.00 – Eurodollar Reserve Requirements)
Eurodollar Replacement Rate”: as defined in Section 2.24.
Eurodollar Replacement Rate Conforming Changes”: as defined in Section 2.24.
Eurodollar Reserve Requirements”: for any day as applied to a Eurodollar Loan, the aggregate (without duplication) of the maximum rates (expressed as a decimal fraction) of reserve requirements in effect on such day (including basic, supplemental, marginal and emergency reserves) under any regulations of the Board or other Governmental Authority having jurisdiction with respect thereto dealing with reserve requirements prescribed for eurocurrency funding (currently referred to as “Eurocurrency Liabilities” in Regulation D of the Board) maintained by a member bank of the Federal Reserve System.
Eurodollar Tranche”: the collective reference to Eurodollar Loans under a particular Facility the then current Interest Periods with respect to all of which begin on the same date and end on the same later date (regardless of whether such Loans shall originally have been made on the same day).
13


Event of Default”: any of the events specified in Section 8, provided that any requirement for the giving of notice, the lapse of a cure period, or both (in each case as set forth in Section 8), has been satisfied.
Excess Cash Flow”: for any period of Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries, an amount equal to (a) Consolidated EBITDA for such period, minus (b) the sum of (i) Capital Expenditures paid in cash during such period (other than any such amounts financed with Indebtedness (other than the Revolving Loans)), (ii) Consolidated Interest Expense paid in cash during such period, (iii) the aggregate of all income taxes paid in cash during such period, (iv) cash payments made on account of principal amounts scheduled to be paid during such period in respect of Indebtedness during such period (including principal amounts attributable to Capital Lease Obligations and scheduled principal payments in respect of the Term Loans), (v) the amount of any mandatory cash principal prepayments (other than any mandatory prepayments made in respect of prior year Excess Cash Flow) made in respect of the Loans during such period (but only, in the case of payments in respect of Revolving Loans, to the extent that the Revolving Commitments are permanently reduced by the amount of such payments), (vi) cash payments made in respect of the items described in clauses (e), (f) and (g) in the definition of Consolidated EBITDA, and (vii) any increase in Consolidated Working Capital during such period, plus (c) any decrease in Consolidated Working Capital during such period.
Excluded Issuance”: (a) any capital contribution by, or issuance of Capital Stock to, any Person holding Capital Stock in a Group Member on the Closing Date or any Affiliates of such Persons, (b) any capital contribution by, or issuance of Capital Stock to, management of any Group Member in connection with option or other compensation arrangements and (c) any capital contribution by, or issuance of Capital Stock to, any Person, the proceeds of which are used to make Capital Expenditures or Permitted Acquisitions permitted hereunder.

Excluded Swap Obligation”: with respect to any Guarantor, any Swap Obligation if, and to the extent that, all or a portion of the Guarantee of such Guarantor of, or the grant by such Guarantor of a security interest to secure, such Swap Obligation (or any Guarantee thereof) is or becomes illegal under the Commodity Exchange Act or any rule, regulation or order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (or the application or official interpretation of any thereof) by virtue of such Guarantor’s failure for any reason to constitute an “eligible contract participant” as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations thereunder at the time the Guarantee of such Guarantor or the grant of such security interest becomes effective with respect to such Swap Obligation. If a Swap Obligation arises under a master agreement governing more than one swap, such exclusion shall apply only to the portion of such Swap Obligation that is attributable to swaps for which such Guarantee or security interest is or becomes illegal.

Excluded Taxes”: with respect to any Lender or the Administrative Agent (a) net income taxes and franchise taxes (imposed in lieu of net income taxes) imposed on such Person as a result of a present or former connection between such Person and the jurisdiction of the Governmental Authority imposing such tax or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein; (b) any branch profits taxes imposed by the United States or any similar tax
14


imposed by any other jurisdiction in which such Person is located; (c) any backup withholding tax required by the Code to be withheld from amounts payable to any such Person that has failed to comply with Section 2.19(f); and (d) any taxes that are imposed by reason of FATCA.

Existing Lenders” means, collectively, the “Lenders” and the “Administrative Agent”, each as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement.

Facility”: each of (a) the Term Commitments and the Term Loans made hereunder (the “Term Facility”) and (b) the Revolving Commitments and the extensions of credit made thereunder (the “Revolving Facility”).
FATCA”: Sections 1471, 1472, 1473 and 1474 of the Code.

Federal Funds Rate”: for any day, the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by federal funds brokers, as published on the next succeeding Business Day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or, if such rate is not so published for any day that is a Business Day, the average of the quotations for such day of such transactions received by Administrative Agent from three federal funds brokers of recognized standing selected by it.
Fee Payment Date”: (a) the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December occurring after the Closing Date, and (b) the last day of the Revolving Commitment Period.
Financial Covenant Standstill Period”: as defined in Section 7.1(c).

First Amended and Restated Closing Date”: May 26, 2020.

First Amended and Restated Closing Date Distribution”: as defined in Section 4.17.
First Horizon Bank”: First Horizon Bank and its successors and assigns.
Foreign Subsidiary”: any Subsidiary of Holdings that is not a Domestic Subsidiary.
Funded Debt”: as to any Person, all Indebtedness of such Person that matures more than one year from the date of its creation or matures within one year from such date but is renewable or extendible, at the option of such Person, to a date more than one year from such date or arises under a revolving credit or similar agreement that obligates the lender or lenders to extend credit during a period of more than one year from such date, including all current maturities and current sinking fund payments in respect of such Indebtedness whether or not required to be paid within one year from the date of its creation and, in the case of the Borrower, Indebtedness in respect of the Loans.
15


Funding Office”: the office of the Administrative Agent specified in Section 10.2 or such other office as may be specified from time to time by the Administrative Agent as its funding office by written notice to the Borrower and the Lenders.
GAAP”: generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time, except that for purposes of Section 7.1, GAAP shall be determined on the basis of such principles in effect on the date hereof and consistent with those used in the preparation of the audited financial statements referred to in Section 4.1(a). In the event that any Accounting Change shall occur and such change results in a change in the method of calculation of financial covenants, standards or terms in this Agreement, then the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders agree to enter into negotiations in order to amend such provisions of this Agreement so as to reflect equitably such Accounting Changes with the desired result that the criteria for evaluating the Borrower’s financial condition shall be the same after such Accounting Changes as if such Accounting Changes had not been made. Until such time as such an amendment shall have been executed and delivered by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and Required Lenders, all financial covenants, standards and terms in this Agreement shall continue to be calculated or construed as if such Accounting Changes had not occurred. “Accounting Change” refers to a change in accounting principles required by the promulgation of any rule, regulation, pronouncement or opinion by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or, if applicable, the SEC. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all terms of an accounting or financial nature used herein shall be construed, and all computations of amounts and ratios referred to herein shall be made, without giving effect to the changes to GAAP under FASB ASU 2016-02 which, upon the effectiveness thereof, would require the capitalization of leases previously characterized as “operating leases”.
Governmental Authority”: any nation or government, any federal, state, municipal, local or other political subdivision thereof, any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, tribunal, arbitral body, department, administration, authority, program, plan, office, commission, board, bureau, division, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government, any securities exchange and any self-regulatory organization (including the National Association of Insurance Commissioners).
Group Members”: the collective reference to Holdings and each of its Subsidiaries.
Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”: the Second Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement of even date herewith, executed and delivered by each Loan Party in favor of the Administrative Agent.
Guarantee Obligation”: as to any Person (the “guaranteeing person”), any obligation, including a reimbursement, counterindemnity or similar obligation, of the guaranteeing Person that guarantees or in effect guarantees, or that is given to induce the creation of a separate obligation by another Person (including any bank under any letter of credit) that guarantees or in effect guarantees, any Indebtedness, leases, dividends or other monetary obligations (the “primary obligations”) of any other third Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, including any obligation of the guaranteeing person, whether or not
16


contingent, (a) to purchase any such primary obligation or any property constituting direct or indirect security therefor, (b) to advance or supply funds (i) for the purchase or payment of any such primary obligation or (ii) to maintain working capital or equity capital of the primary obligor or otherwise to maintain the net worth or solvency of the primary obligor, (c) to purchase property, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the owner of any such primary obligation of the ability of the primary obligor to make payment of such primary obligation or (d) otherwise to assure or hold harmless the owner of any such primary obligation against loss in respect thereof; provided, however, that the term Guarantee Obligation shall not include endorsements of instruments for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business. The amount of any Guarantee Obligation of any guaranteeing person shall be deemed to be the lower of (x) an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the primary obligation in respect of which such Guarantee Obligation is made and (y) the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing person may be liable pursuant to the terms of the instrument embodying such Guarantee Obligation, unless such primary obligation and the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing person may be liable are not stated or determinable, in which case the amount of such Guarantee Obligation shall be such guaranteeing person’s maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by Holdings and the Borrower in good faith.

Guarantors”: collectively, all Restricted Subsidiaries of Holdings other than the Borrower and any Foreign Subsidiaries.
Hazardous Material”: any material, substance, pollutant or waste that is defined or designated as a hazardous material, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, pollutant, contaminant or toxic substance under any Environmental Law or otherwise is regulated under any Environmental Law, including asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum, petroleum derivatives or by-products, other hydrocarbons, urea formaldehyde and medical and infectious wastes.
Holdings”: as defined in the preamble hereto.
Indebtedness”: of any Person at any date, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person for the deferred purchase price of property or services (including all obligations (including contingent obligations) described in Section 7.2(g) to the extent the same constitute any portion of the consideration payable in respect of any Acquisition, but excluding trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of such Person’s business on terms customary in such business), (c) all obligations of such Person evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments, (d) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement with respect to property acquired by such Person (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or lender under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property), (e) all Purchase Money Debt and Capital Lease Obligations of such Person, (f) all obligations of such Person, contingent or otherwise, as an account party or applicant under or in respect of acceptances, letters of credit, surety bonds or similar arrangements (other than trade letters of credit), (g) all obligations of such Person to purchase, redeem, retire, defease or otherwise acquire, for cash or Cash Equivalents or for any obligation of such Person otherwise constituting
17


Indebtedness as herein defined, any Disqualified Capital Stock of such Person, valued, in the case of redeemable preferred Disqualified Capital Stock, at its involuntary liquidation preference plus, without duplication, accrued and unpaid dividends, (h) all Guarantee Obligations of such Person in respect of obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (g) above, (i) all obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (h) above secured by (or for which the holder of such obligation has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property (including accounts and contract rights) owned by such Person, regardless of whether such Person has assumed or become liable for the payment of such obligation, (j) off-balance sheet liability retained in connection with asset securitization programs, synthetic leases, sale and leaseback transactions or other similar obligations arising with respect to any other transaction that is the functional equivalent of or takes the place of borrowing but which does not constitute a liability on the consolidated balance sheet of such Person, and (k) the net obligations of such Person in respect of Swap Agreements.
The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness expressly provide that such Person is not liable therefor. The amount of any net obligation under any Swap Agreement on any date shall be deemed to be the Swap Termination Value thereof as of such date.
Initial Closing Date”: means April 3, 2018.
Insolvency”: with respect to any Multiemployer Plan, the condition that such plan is insolvent within the meaning of Section 4245 of ERISA.

Insolvent”: pertaining to a condition of Insolvency.
Intellectual Property”: as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.
Interest Payment Date”: (a) as to any ABR Loan (other than a Swingline Loan), the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December to occur while such Loan is outstanding and the final maturity date of such Loan, (b) as to any Eurodollar Loan, the last day of the applicable Interest Period and, for Interest Periods longer than three months, each of the respective dates that fall every three months after the beginning of such Interest Period, (c) as to any Swingline Loan, the last Business Day of each calendar month, and (d) as to any Loan (other than any Revolving Loan that is an ABR Loan and any Swingline Loan), the date of any repayment or prepayment made in respect thereof.
Interest Period”: as to any Eurodollar Loan, (a) initially, the period commencing on the borrowing or conversion date, as the case may be, with respect to such Eurodollar Loan and ending one, two, three or six months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower in its notice of borrowing or notice of conversion, as the case may be, given with respect thereto; and (b) thereafter, each period commencing on the last day of the next preceding Interest Period applicable to such Eurodollar Loan and ending one, two, three or six months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower by irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent not later than
18


10:00 a.m., Central time, on the date that is three (3) Business Days prior to the last day of the then current Interest Period with respect thereto; provided that, all of the foregoing provisions relating to Interest Periods are subject to the following:
(i)if any Interest Period would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless the result of such extension would be to carry such Interest Period into another calendar month, in which event such Interest Period shall end on the immediately preceding Business Day;
(ii)the Borrower may not select an Interest Period under the Revolving Facility that would extend beyond the Revolving Termination Date or an Interest Period under the Term Facility that would extend beyond the date final payment is due on the Term Loans;
(iii)any Interest Period that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of a calendar month; and
(iv)the Borrower shall select Interest Periods so as not to require a payment or prepayment of any other outstanding Eurodollar Loan during an Interest Period for such Loan.
Investment”: the making of any loan, advance, extension of credit or capital contribution to, or the acquisition of any stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other obligations or securities of, or the acquisition of any other interest in or the making of any other investment in, any Person. For purposes of Section 7.7, the amount of any Investment shall be the original cost of such Investment plus the cost of all additional Investments by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, without any adjustments for increases or decreases in value, or write-ups, write-downs or write-offs with respect to such Investment, reduced by any repayment of principal or a return of capital, as the case may be; provided that no such repayment of principal, return of capital, payment of dividends or distributions or receipt of any such other amounts shall reduce the amount of any Investment if such repayment of principal, return of capital, payment of dividends or distributions or receipt of any such amounts would be included in Consolidated Net Income. If the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary Disposes of any Capital Stock of any direct or indirect Restricted Subsidiary of the Borrower such that, after giving effect to any such Disposition, such Subsidiary ceases to be a Subsidiary of the Borrower, the Borrower shall be deemed to have made an Investment on the date of any such Disposition equal to the fair market value of the Capital Stock of such Subsidiary not Disposed of.
Landlord Agreement”: with respect to any Leasehold Property, a letter, certificate or other instrument in writing, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, from the lessor under the related lease.
Leasehold Property”: any leasehold interest of any Loan Party as lessee under any lease of real property.

Lender Insolvency Event”: a Lender or its Parent Company (a) is insolvent, or is generally unable to pay its debts as they become due, or admits in writing its inability to pay its
19


debts as they become due, or makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, (b) is the subject of a bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, conservatorship, liquidation or similar proceeding, or a receiver, trustee, conservator, intervenor or sequestrator or the like has been appointed for such Lender or its Parent Company, or such Lender or its Parent Company has taken any action indicating its consent to or acquiescence in any such proceeding or appointment or (c) becomes the subject of a Bail-In Action.
Lenders”: as defined in the preamble hereto, which term shall also include the Swingline Lender, as the context shall require.
Lien”: any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, encumbrance, lien (statutory or other), charge or other security interest or any other security agreement of any kind or nature whatsoever in respect of property of any Person (including any deposit arrangement, preference, priority, conditional sale or other title retention agreement, and any capital lease, in any such case having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing).
Loan”: any loan made by any Lender pursuant to this Agreement, whether as a Revolving Loan, a Term Loan or a Swingline Loan.
Loan Documents”: this Agreement, any Notes, the Security Documents, the BIC Subordination Agreement and any other instruments, documents and agreements further evidencing, securing or otherwise related to the Obligations and any amendment, waiver, supplement or other modification to any of the foregoing.
Loan Parties”: collectively, the Borrower and the Guarantors.
Management Fee Subordination Agreement”: the Consulting Fee Subordination Agreement of dated as of the Initial Closing Date by and among the Administrative Agent, Altaris Capital Partners, LLC, Holdings and the Borrower; provided, that, as of the First Amended and Restated Closing Date, Exhibit A of such Consulting Fee Subordination Agreement was deemed to have been amended, as of May 1, 2017, in accordance with the amendment, dated as of May 1, 2017, to the Sponsor Management Agreement, and all payments made prior to the First Amended and Restated Closing Date in accordance with the terms of such amendment were deemed to have been approved for all purposes by the Administrative Agent and the Lenders.
Material Adverse Effect”: (a) a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, the operations, business, properties, liabilities (actual or contingent), or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrower and the Guarantors taken as a whole; (b) a material impairment of the ability of any Loan Party to perform its obligations under any Loan Document to which it is a party; or (c) a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against any Loan Party of any Loan Document to which it is a party.
Material Contract”: as defined in Schedule 4.24.

20


Material Real Estate Asset”: (a) each Real Estate Asset owned in fee by a Loan Party and (b) each Leasehold Property held under a lease that is a Material Contract and at which a Loan Party conducts operations in connection with the Business.

Moody’s”: Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (or any successor thereto).
Mortgage Instrument”: any mortgage, deed of trust or deed to secure debt executed by a Loan Party in favor of the Administrative Agent with respect to a Material Real Estate Asset.
Multiemployer Plan”: a plan as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA.

Net Cash Proceeds”: (a) in connection with any Asset Sale or any Recovery Event, the proceeds thereof in the form of cash and Cash Equivalents (including any such proceeds as and when received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or purchase price adjustment receivable or otherwise, but only as and when received), net of attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, investment banking fees, amounts required to be applied to the repayment of Indebtedness secured by a Lien expressly permitted hereunder on any asset that is the subject of such Asset Sale or Recovery Event (other than any Lien pursuant to a Security Document), and other reasonable fees and expenses actually incurred and paid in connection therewith, and net of taxes paid or reasonably estimated to be payable as a result thereof (after taking into account any available tax credits or deductions and any tax sharing arrangements), reserves taken in accordance with GAAP and amounts held in escrow (until reduced, eliminated or released) and (b) in connection with any issuance or sale of Capital Stock (other than Excluded Issuances) or any incurrence of Indebtedness (other than any incurrence of Indebtedness by any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) payable to any other Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary)), the cash proceeds received from such issuance or incurrence, net of attorneys’ fees, investment banking fees, accountants’ fees, underwriting discounts and commissions and other reasonable fees and expenses actually incurred and paid in connection therewith.

Non-Defaulting Lender”: at any time, a Lender that is not a Defaulting Lender.
Non-Excluded Taxes”: as defined in Section 2.19(a).
Non-U.S. Lender”: as defined in Section 2.19(d).
Notes”: the collective reference to any promissory note evidencing Loans.
Notice of Revolving Borrowing”: as defined in Section 2.5.

Notice of Swingline Borrowing”: as defined in Section 2.7.
Obligations”: the unpaid principal of and interest on (including interest accruing after the maturity of the Loans and interest accruing after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy, or the commencement of any insolvency, reorganization or like proceeding, relating to the Borrower, regardless of whether a claim for post-filing or post-petition interest is allowed in such
21


proceeding) the Loans and all other obligations and liabilities of the Borrower (and with respect to any Treasury Management Agreement, any other Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary)) to the Administrative Agent or to any Lender (or, in the case of Specified Swap Agreements and Treasury Management Agreements, any affiliate of any Lender), whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, or now existing or hereafter incurred, that may arise under, out of or in connection with this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any Specified Swap Agreement or Treasury Management Agreement with a Lender or an affiliate of a Lender, whether on account of principal, interest, reimbursement obligations, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses (including all fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent or to any Lender that are required to be paid by the Borrower pursuant hereto) or otherwise; provided, however, the definition of ‘Obligations’ shall not include or create any guarantee by any Loan Party of (or grant of security interest by any Loan Party to support, as applicable) any Excluded Swap Obligations of such Loan Party for purposes of determining any obligations of any Loan Party.
Other Taxes”: any and all present or future stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies arising from any payment made hereunder or from the execution, delivery or enforcement of, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement or any other Loan Document.
Parent Company”: with respect to a Lender, the bank holding company (as defined in Federal Reserve Board Regulation Y), if any, of such Lender, or any Person owning, beneficially or of record, directly or indirectly, a majority of the shares of such Lender.
Participant”: as defined in Section 10.6(c).
Patriot Act”: as defined in Section 10.18.
PBGC”: the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation established pursuant to Subtitle A of Title IV of ERISA (or any successor).
Permits”: as defined in Section 4.23(a).
Permitted Acquisition”: any Acquisition by (i) the Borrower or any wholly-owned Restricted Subsidiary (other than qualifying shares required by law) of Borrower of substantially all of the assets of an Acquired Business or (ii) the Borrower or any wholly-owned (other than qualifying shares required by law) Restricted Subsidiary of Borrower of 100% of the Stock and Stock Equivalents of an Acquired Business to the extent that each of the following conditions shall have been satisfied:

(v)the Acquisition shall not be a hostile Acquisition;

(vi)to the extent the Acquisition will be financed in whole or in part with the proceeds of any Loan, the conditions set forth in Section 5.2 shall have been satisfied;
22



(vii)the Borrower shall have furnished to the Administrative Agent and Lenders at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the consummation of such Acquisition (1) an executed term sheet and/or commitment letter (setting forth in reasonable detail the terms and conditions of such Acquisition) and, at the request of the Administrative Agent, such other information and documents that the Administrative Agent may request, including, without limitation, executed counterparts of the respective agreements, documents or instruments pursuant to which such Acquisition is to be consummated (including, without limitation, any related management, non-compete, employment, option or other material agreements), any schedules to such agreements, documents or instruments and all other material ancillary agreements, instruments and documents to be executed or delivered in connection therewith, (2) pro forma financial statements of Holdings and its Subsidiaries prepared in accordance with Section 6.1 after giving effect to the consummation of such Acquisition, (3) a duly and properly completed Compliance Certificate executed by a responsible officer of the Borrower demonstrating on a pro forma basis compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 7.1 hereof after giving effect to the consummation of such Acquisition and (4) copies of such other agreements, instruments and other documents as the Administrative Agent reasonably shall request;

(viii)the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries (including any new Restricted Subsidiary) shall execute and deliver the agreements, instruments and other documents required by Sections 6.9, 6.13 and 6.16;

(ix)no Default or Event of Default shall then exist or would exist after giving effect thereto;

(x)except with the prior written consent of Administrative Agent, the Acquired Business has EBITDA, subject to pro forma adjustments reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, for the most recent four quarters prior to the acquisition date for which financial statements are available, greater than zero;

(xi)except in the case of a proposed Acquisition in which the total consideration paid or payable is less than in excess of $3,000,000 (and solely to the extent not available), to the extent requested by Administrative Agent, a financial due diligence report or businessman’s review from a big four or other nationally recognized accounting firm reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent with respect to any Acquired Business; and

(xii)the total cash consideration (excluding proceeds of an Excluded Issuance and Subordinated Indebtedness) paid or payable, including any earn-out or similar obligations, shall not exceed $5,000,000 per Acquisition (excluding any assumed Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.2(e)), provided that the total consideration for all such Acquisitions, including any earn-out or similar obligations, shall not exceed $5,000,000 (excluding any assumed
23


Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.2(e)) in any fiscal year or $10,000,000 (excluding any assumed Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.2(e)) during the term of this Agreement.

Permitted IPO Related Documents”: (i) that certain Reorganization Agreement by and among Holdings and the parties set forth therein, (ii) the Contribution Agreements, and (iii) Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2020, among Blake Baker Enterprises I, Inc., Blake Baker Enterprises II, Inc., Blake Baker Enterprises III, Inc., Blake Baker, Compstar Holdco, Trean Holdings LLC and Trean Compstar, as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1, dated as of July 6, 2020.

Permitted IPO Restructuring”: the following restructuring steps of Trean Holdings, LLC, certain of its Subsidiaries, BIC, and certain of its Subsidiaries, collectively:

(xiii)the contribution by Trean Holdings, LLC of all or substantially all of its assets and liabilities to Holdings, at that time a wholly owned Subsidiary of BIC, in exchange for shares of common stock in Holdings;
(xiv)the contribution by BIC of all or substantially all of its assets and liabilities to Holdings in exchange for shares of common stock in Holdings;
(xv)the acquisition by Holdings from Blake Baker Enterprises I, Inc., Blake Baker Enterprises II, Inc. and Blake Baker Enterprises III, Inc. of their 55% equity interest in Compstar Holdco in exchange for shares of common stock in Holdings;
(xvi)the contribution by Holdings of such 55% equity interest in Compstar Holdco to Trean Compstar, so that Trean Compstar will own 100% of Compstar Holdco;
(xvii)the dissolution of Trean Holdings, LLC and the distribution by Trean Holdings, LLC of in-kind shares to the holders of its Capital Stock; and
(xviii)the dissolution of BIC and the distribution by BIC of in-kind shares to the holders of its Capital Stock.
Permitted Joint Venture”: a limited liability entity with no recourse to any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) for the obligations of such limited liability entity.

Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness”: any Indebtedness that Refinances any other Indebtedness, including any successive Refinancings, so long as (a) such Indebtedness is in an aggregate principal amount (or if incurred with original issue discount, an aggregate issue price) not in excess of the sum of (i) the aggregate principal amount (or if incurred with original issue discount, the aggregate accreted value) then outstanding of the Indebtedness being Refinanced, and (ii) an amount necessary to pay any fees and expenses, including premiums and defeasance costs, related to such Refinancing, (b) the Average Life of such Indebtedness is equal to or greater than the Average Life of the Indebtedness being Refinanced, (c) the Stated Maturity of
24


such Indebtedness is not earlier than the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced, and (d) such Indebtedness is not senior in right of payment to the Indebtedness that is being Refinanced.
Person”: an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, business trust, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated association, joint venture, Governmental Authority or other entity of whatever nature.
Plan”: at a particular time, any employee benefit plan, other than a Multiemployer Plan, that is covered by ERISA and in respect of which the Borrower or a Commonly Controlled Entity is (or, if such plan were terminated at such time, would under Section 4069 or Section 4212(c) of ERISA be deemed to be) an “employer” as defined in Section 3(5) of ERISA.
Proceeding”: any proceeding, charge, complaint, claim, demand, notice, action, suit, litigation, hearing, audit, investigation, arbitration, mediation, dispute, cause of action, inquiry, grievance, allegation, indictment, assessment, or legal, administrative or other proceeding (in each case, whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or informal, but not including ex parte proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or U.S. Copyright Office).

Projections”: the financial projections for Trean and its Subsidiaries as delivered on behalf of the Borrower by the Sponsor to the Administrative Agent prior to the date hereof, and covering (a) each of the fiscal years ending December 31, 2020 through December 31, 2024 on a quarterly basis and (b) each of the fiscal years ending thereafter, on an annual basis.

Properties”: any interests of any kind in any properties or assets, whether real, personal or mixed, and whether tangible or intangible.
Purchase Money Debt”: (a) Indebtedness of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) that, within thirty (30) days of the purchase of fixed or capital assets in which neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) at any time prior to such purchase had any interest, is incurred to finance part or all of (but not more than) the purchase price of such assets, and (b) Indebtedness that constitutes a renewal, extension, refunding or refinancing of, but not an increase in the principal amount of, Purchase Money Debt that is such by virtue of clause (a), is binding only upon the obligor or obligors under the Purchase Money Debt being renewed, extended or refunded.
Qualified Capital Stock”: with respect to any Person, any Capital Stock of such Person that is not Disqualified Capital Stock.

Qualified ECP Guarantor”: in respect of any Swap Obligation, each Loan Party that has total assets exceeding $10,000,000 at the time the relevant guarantee or grant of the relevant security interest becomes effective with respect to such Swap Obligation or such other person as constitutes an “eligible contract participant” under the Commodity Exchange Act or any regulations promulgated thereunder and can cause another person to qualify as an “eligible contract participant” at such time by entering into a keepwell under Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act.
25



Qualified Initial Public Offering”: as defined in Section 8(k).

Real Estate Asset”: at any time of determination, any interest (fee, leasehold or otherwise) then owned by any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) in any real property.

Recovery Event”: any settlement of or payment in respect of any property or casualty insurance claim or any condemnation proceeding relating to any asset of any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) in excess of $250,000.
Reference Period”: any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of Holdings.

Refinance”: in respect of any Indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, refund, repay, prepay, repurchase, redeem, defease or retire, or to issue other Indebtedness in exchange or replacement for, such Indebtedness. “Refinanced” and “Refinancing” shall have correlative meanings.

Refunded Swingline Loans”: as defined in Section 2.7.
Register”: as defined in Section 10.6(b).
Regulation U”: Regulation U of the Board as in effect from time to time.
Reinvestment Deferred Amount”: with respect to any Reinvestment Event, the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds received by any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) in connection therewith that are not applied to prepay the Term Loans or reduce the Revolving Commitments pursuant to Section 2.11(c) as a result of the delivery of a Reinvestment Notice.
Reinvestment Event”: any Asset Sale or Recovery Event in respect of which the Borrower has delivered a Reinvestment Notice.
Reinvestment Notice”: a written notice executed by a Responsible Officer stating that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and that the Borrower (directly or indirectly through a Guarantor) intends and expects to use all or a specified portion of the Net Cash Proceeds of an Asset Sale or Recovery Event to acquire (whether through a purchase or other acquisition of assets or Capital Stock, directly or pursuant to a merger, consolidation or amalgamation) or repair assets useful in its business.
Reinvestment Prepayment Amount”: with respect to any Reinvestment Event, the Reinvestment Deferred Amount relating thereto less (a) any amount expended prior to the relevant Reinvestment Prepayment Date to acquire, construct or repair assets useful in the Borrower’s Business (directly or indirectly through a Guarantor), and (b) any amount required to be expended within ninety (90) days thereafter pursuant to a Contractual Obligation entered into
26


prior to such Reinvestment Prepayment Date with respect to such acquisition, construction or repair.
Reinvestment Prepayment Date”: with respect to any Reinvestment Event, the earlier of (a) the date occurring ninety (90) days after such Reinvestment Event and (b) the date on which the Borrower shall have determined not to, or shall have otherwise ceased to, acquire, construct or repair assets useful in the Borrower’s Business (directly or indirectly through a Guarantor) with all or any portion of the relevant Reinvestment Deferred Amount.
Reorganization”: with respect to any Multiemployer Plan, the condition that such plan is in reorganization within the meaning of Section 4241 of ERISA.
Reportable Event”: any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than those events as to which the thirty (30) day notice period is waived under the PBGC regulations.
Required Lenders”: at any time, the holders of more than 66-2/3% of (a) until the Closing Date, the Commitments then in effect and (b) thereafter, the sum of (i) the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Term Loans then outstanding and (ii) the Total Revolving Commitments then in effect or, if the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding, provided that to the extent that any Lender is a Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender and all of its Aggregate Exposure shall be excluded for purposes of determining Required Lenders.
Requirement of Law”: as to any Person, the certificate or articles of incorporation or formation, bylaws, limited liability company or partnership agreement, and other organizational or governing documents of such Person, and any United States, federal, state, local or municipal constitution, law, treaty, statute, regulation, rule, code, ordinance, principle of common law, judgment, decree, order, injunction or determination of an arbitrator or a court or other Governmental Authority, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property, business or operations or to which such Person or any of its property, business or operations is subject.
Responsible Officer”: each of the chief executive officer, president, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, treasurer, general counsel (but subject to any limitations on disclosures arising from attorney-client privilege), or any executive or senior vice president of the Borrower or any other Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary), but in any event, with respect to matters set forth in Section 6.2 and other financial matters, the chief financial officer of the Borrower or Holdings or another executive serving a similar function.
Restricted Payments”: as defined in Section 7.6.
Restricted Subsidiary” shall mean any existing or future direct or indirect Subsidiary of Holdings other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, that, upon any Subsidiary ceasing to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary, such Subsidiary shall be included in the definition of “Restricted Subsidiary”.
27


Revolving Commitment”: as to any Lender, the obligation of such Lender, if any, to make Revolving Loans and participate in Swingline Loans in an aggregate principal or face amount not to exceed the amount set forth under the heading “Revolving Commitment” opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 1.1-C or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender became a party hereto, as the same may be changed from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof.
Revolving Commitment Period”: the period from and including the Initial Closing Date to the Revolving Termination Date.
Revolving Extensions of Credit”: as to any Revolving Lender at any time, an amount equal to the sum of (a) the aggregate principal amount of all Revolving Loans held by such Lender then outstanding and (b) such Lender’s Revolving Percentage of the aggregate principal amount of all Swingline Loans then outstanding.
Revolving Lender”: each Lender that has a Revolving Commitment or that holds Revolving Loans.
Revolving Loans”: as defined in Section 2.4(a).
Revolving Percentage”: as to any Revolving Lender at any time, the percentage that such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then constitutes of the Total Revolving Commitments or, at any time after the Revolving Commitments shall have expired or terminated, the percentage that the aggregate principal amount of such Lender’s Revolving Loans then outstanding constitutes of the aggregate principal amount of the Revolving Loans then outstanding, provided that, in the event that the Revolving Loans are paid in full prior to the reduction to zero of the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit, the Revolving Percentages shall be determined in a manner designed to ensure that the other outstanding Revolving Extensions of Credit shall be held by the Revolving Lenders on a comparable basis.
Revolving Termination Date”: May 26, 2025.
S&P”: Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., together with its successors.
Sanctioned Country”: (a) a country, territory or a government of a country or territory, (b) an agency of the government of a country or territory, or (c) an organization directly or indirectly owned or controlled by a country, territory or its government, that is subject to Sanctions.
Sanctioned Person”: (a) a Person named on the list of “Specially Designated Nationals” or any other Sanctions related list of designated Persons maintained by OFAC, the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or any European Union member state, (b) any Person operating, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country or (c) any Person owned or controlled by any such Person or Persons described in the foregoing clauses (a) or (b).
28


Sanctions”: economic or financial sanctions or trade embargoes imposed, administered or enforced from time to time by (a) the U.S. government, including those administered by OFAC or the U.S. Department of State, (b) the United Nations Security Council, (c) the European Union, (d) any European Union member state, (e) Her Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom or (f) any other relevant sanctions authority.
SEC”: the Securities and Exchange Commission, any successor thereto and any analogous Governmental Authority.

Security Documents”: the collective reference to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and all other instruments, documents and agreements delivered by any Loan Party pursuant to this Agreement, or any of the other Loan Documents to the Administrative Agent granting or perfecting a Lien on any property of any Person to secure the obligations and liabilities of any Loan Party under any Loan Document, whether pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or otherwise.
Single Employer Plan”: any Plan that is covered by Title IV of ERISA, but that is not a Multiemployer Plan.
Solvent”: when used with respect to any Person, means that, as of any date of determination, (a) the amount of the “present fair saleable value” of the assets of such Person will, as of such date, exceed the amount of all “liabilities of such Person, contingent or otherwise”, as of such date, as such quoted terms are determined in accordance with applicable federal and state laws governing determinations of the insolvency of debtors, (b) the present fair saleable value of the assets of such Person will, as of such date, be greater than the amount that will be required to pay the liability of such Person on its debts as such debts become absolute and matured, (c) such Person will not have, as of such date, property constituting an unreasonably small capital with which to conduct its business, and (d) such Person will be able to pay its debts as they mature. For purposes of this definition, (i) ”debt” means liability on a “claim”, and (ii) ”claim” means any (x) right to payment, whether or not such a right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured or unsecured or (y) right to an equitable remedy for breach of performance if such breach gives rise to a right to payment, whether or not such right to an equitable remedy is reduced to judgment, fixed, contingent, matured or unmatured, disputed, undisputed, secured or unsecured.
Specified Equity Contribution”: as defined in Section 7.1(c).

Specified Holdings Transfer”: as defined in Section 7.4(e).

Specified Shareholders”: means Andrew M. O’Brien and Steven B. Lee.

Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments” means any and all bonus payments paid by Borrower to the Specified Shareholders permitted to be paid pursuant to the terms and conditions of Section 7.6(h).
29



Specified Shareholder Subordination Agreement”: means any subordination agreement, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, providing, among other things, for the subordination of the applicable Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments to the Obligations as to right and time of payment and as to other rights and remedies thereunder.

Specified Swap Agreement”: any Swap Agreement entered into by the Borrower and any Lender or affiliate thereof in respect of interest rates.
Sponsor”: Altaris Capital Partners, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its Controlled Investment Affiliates.

Sponsor Management Agreement”: the Amended and Restated Consulting Agreement dated as of April 29, 2016, by and among Altaris Capital Partners, LLC and Holdings, as amended by that certain amendment thereto dated as of May 1, 2017, and as further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms of the Management Fee Subordination Agreement.
Stark Law”: 42 U.S.C. §1395nn, and the regulations promulgated thereto, all as amended from time to time, and any successor statute and regulations.
Stated Maturity”: with respect to any Indebtedness, the date specified in the governing documents thereof as the fixed date on which the final or only, as the case may be, payment of principal of such Indebtedness is due and payable, including pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision (but excluding any provision providing for the repurchase of such Indebtedness at the option of the holder thereof upon the happening of any contingency beyond the control of the issuer).
Subordinated Debt Documents”: collectively, any indentures, promissory notes, bonds, loan agreements, subordination agreements, intercreditor agreements, or other agreements evidencing or governing any Subordinated Indebtedness.
Subordinated Indebtedness”: collectively, the Indebtedness expressly permitted in Section 7.2(f), (g) or (k) that is subordinated to the Obligations on terms satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
Subsidiary”: as to any Person, a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which shares of stock or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power (other than stock or such other ownership interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) to elect a majority of the board of directors or other managers of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or other entity (giving effect to the number of votes exercisable by such directors or other managers in the ordinary course and absent the happening of a contingency) are at the time owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless otherwise qualified, all references to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” in this Agreement shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of Holdings.
30


Swap Agreement”: (a) any and all rate swap transactions, basis swaps, credit derivative transactions, forward rate transactions, commodity swaps, commodity options, forward commodity contracts, equity or equity index swaps or options, bond or bond price or bond index swaps or options or forward bond or forward bond price or forward bond index transactions, interest rate options, forward foreign exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor transactions, collar transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency rate swap transactions, currency options, spot contracts, or any other similar transactions or any combination of any of the foregoing (including any options to enter into any of the foregoing), whether or not any such transaction is governed by or subject to any master agreement, and (b) any and all transactions of any kind, and the related confirmations, that are subject to the terms and conditions of, or governed by, any form of master agreement published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc., any International Foreign Exchange Master Agreement, or any other master agreement (any such master agreement, together with any related schedules, a “Master Agreement”), including any such obligations or liabilities under any Master Agreement.
Swap Obligation”: with respect to any Guarantor, any obligation to pay or perform under any agreement, contract or transaction that constitutes a “swap” within the meaning of section 1a(47) of the Commodity Exchange Act.

Swap Termination Value”: in respect of any one or more Swap Agreements, after taking into account the effect of any legally enforceable netting agreement relating to such Swap Agreements, (a) for any date on or after the date such Swap Agreements have been closed out and termination value(s) determined in accordance therewith, such termination value(s), and (b) for any date prior to the date referenced in clause (a), the amount(s) determined as the mark-to-market value(s) for such Swap Agreements, as determined based upon one or more mid-market or other readily available quotations provided by any recognized dealer in such Swap Agreements (which may include the Lender or any Affiliate of the Lender).
Swingline Commitment”: the obligation of the Swingline Lender to make Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.6 in an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding not to exceed $500,000.
Swingline Exposure”: as defined in Section 2.23.
Swingline Lender”: First Horizon Bank, in its capacity as the lender of Swingline Loans.
Swingline Loans”: as defined in Section 2.6.
Swingline Participation Amount”: as defined in Section 2.7.
Term Commitment”: as defined in Section 2.1.
Term Lender”: each Lender that has a Term Commitment or that holds a Term Loan.
Term Loan Maturity Date”: May 26, 2025.
31


Term Loans”: as defined in Section 2.1.
Term Percentage”: as to any Term Lender at any time prior to the Closing Date, the percentage that such Lender’s Term Commitment then constitutes of the aggregate Term Commitments (or, at any time after the Closing Date, the percentage that the aggregate principal amount of such Lender’s Term Loans then outstanding constitutes of the aggregate principal amount of the Term Loans then outstanding).
Total Revolving Commitments”: at any time, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Commitments of all Revolving Lenders then in effect. The amount of the Total Revolving Commitments on the Closing Date is $2,000,000.
Total Revolving Extensions of Credit”: at any time, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Extensions of Credit of the Revolving Lenders outstanding at such time.
Transferee”: any Assignee or Participant.
Trean Compstar Pledge Agreements”: collectively, (i) that certain Collateral Assignment of Membership Interest, dated as of the Initial Closing Date, between Trean Compstar and Oak Street Funding LLC, and (ii) that certain Collateral Assignment of Membership Interest, dated as of the Closing Date, between Trean Compstar and Oak Street Funding LLC.
Trean Indenture”: that certain Indenture dated as of June 22, 2006, by and among Trean Corporation, as issuer, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time).
Treasury Management Agreement”: any agreement governing the provision of treasury, cash management or business credit card services, including deposit accounts, funds transfer, automated clearinghouse, zero balance accounts, returned check concentration, controlled disbursement, lockbox, account reconciliation and reporting, trade finance and business credit card services.
Type”: as to any Loan, its nature as an ABR Loan or a Eurodollar Loan.
United States”: the United States of America.
Unrestricted Subsidiary”: means (i) Benchmark, (ii) Benchmark Insurance Company, (iii) American Liberty Insurance Company, (iv) any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary and (v) to the extent agreed to in writing by the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders, any other Subsidiary of Holdings designated by the board of directors (or similar governing body) of the Borrower as an Unrestricted Subsidiary pursuant to, and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in, Section 6.14. For the avoidance of doubt, the Borrower may not designate as an Unrestricted Subsidiary (x) any Borrower or (y) any Guarantor. Other than the Subsidiaries set forth in clauses (i) through (iii) hereof, there shall not be any other Unrestricted Subsidiaries as of the Closing Date.
US Dollars” and “$”: dollars in lawful currency of the United States.
32


U.S. Lender”: as defined in Section 2.19(f).
Write-Down and Conversion Powers”: with respect to any EEA Resolution Authority, the write-down and conversion powers of such EEA Resolution Authority from time to time under the Bail-In Legislation for the applicable EEA Member Country, which write-down and conversion powers are described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule.
b.Other Definitional Provisions
.
(i)Unless otherwise specified therein, all terms defined in this Agreement shall have the defined meanings when used in the other Loan Documents or any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto.
(ii)As used herein and in the other Loan Documents, and any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto, (i) accounting terms relating to any Group Member not defined in Section 1.1 and accounting terms partly defined in Section 1.1, to the extent not defined, shall have the respective meanings given to them under GAAP, (ii) the words “include”, “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation”, (iii) the word “incur” shall be construed to mean incur, create, issue, assume, become liable in respect of or suffer to exist (and the words “incurred” and “incurrence” shall have correlative meanings), (iv) the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, Capital Stock, securities, revenues, accounts, leasehold interests and contract rights, (v) unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the disjunctive “or” includes the conjunctive “and”, and (vi) references to instruments, documents, agreements or other Contractual Obligations shall, unless otherwise specified, be deemed to refer to such instruments, documents, agreements or Contractual Obligations as amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time.
(iii)The words “hereof”, “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import, when used in this Agreement, shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and Section, Schedule and Exhibit references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.
(iv)In the event that performance of any obligation is due on a day that is not a Business Day, then, except as expressly provided herein, the time for such performance shall be extended to the next Business Day.
(v)The meanings given to terms defined herein shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of such terms.
Section 2.AMOUNT AND TERMS OF COMMITMENTS
a.Term Commitments
33


. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Existing Credit Agreement, each Term Lender severally agreed to make a “Term Loan” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) to the Borrower on the First Amended and Restated Closing Date in the amount set forth opposite such Term Lender’s name in Schedule 1.1-C under the heading “Term Loan Commitments Funded on the First Amended and Restated Closing Date” (collectively with the amount set forth opposite such Term Lender’s name in Schedule 1.1-C under the heading “Outstanding Term Loans Under Initial Credit Agreement”, and as amended to reflect assignments permitted hereunder and as such amount may be reduced pursuant to this Agreement, such Lender’s “Term Commitment”). Immediately prior to the effectiveness of this Agreement, the outstanding principal balance of such “Term Loans” (under and as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement), is $32,793,750 (the “Existing Term Loan”). On the Closing Date, the outstanding principal balance of the Existing Term Loan advanced by each Existing Lender shall be deemed to be, and hereby is, converted into a term loan (a “Term Loan”) by such Existing Lender hereunder. The Term Loans may from time to time be Eurodollar Loans or ABR Loans, as determined by the Borrower and notified to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Sections 2.2 and 2.12.
b.[Reserved]
.
c.Repayment of Term Loans
. The outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan of each Lender shall be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments, commencing September 30, 2020, each of which shall be in an amount equal to such Lender’s Term Percentage of the Term Loans multiplied by the amount set forth below opposite such installment:
34


Installment Principal Amount
September 30, 2020

$206,250
December 31, 2020

$206,250
March 31, 2021

$206,250
June 30, 2021

$412,500
September 30, 2021

$412,500
December 31, 2021

$412,500
March 31, 2022

$412,500
June 30, 2022

$412,500
September 30, 2022

$412,500
December 31, 2022

$412,500
March 31, 2023

$412,500
June 30, 2023

$825,000
September 30, 2023

$825,000
December 31, 2023

$825,000
March 31, 2024

$825,000
June 30, 2024

$825,000
September 30, 2024

$825,000
December 31, 2024

$825,000
March 31, 2025

$825,000

35


and the remaining outstanding principal balance of the Term Loans shall be repaid in full on the Term Loan Maturity Date.
d.Revolving Commitments
.
(i)Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, each Revolving Lender severally agrees to make revolving credit loans (“Revolving Loans”) to the Borrower from time to time during the Revolving Commitment Period in an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding which, when added to such Lender’s Revolving Percentage the aggregate principal amount of all Swingline Loans then outstanding, does not exceed the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment. During the Revolving Commitment Period, the Borrower may use the Revolving Commitments by borrowing, repaying the Revolving Loans in whole or in part, and reborrowing, all in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof. The Revolving Loans may from time to time be Eurodollar Loans or ABR Loans, as determined by the Borrower and notified to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 2.5 or Section 2.12.
(ii)The Borrower shall repay all outstanding Revolving Loans on the Revolving Termination Date.
e.Procedure for Revolving Loan Borrowing
. The Borrower may borrow under the Revolving Commitments during the Revolving Commitment Period on any Business Day, provided that the Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent irrevocable telephonic notice confirmed promptly in writing signed by one of the authorized individuals set forth on Schedule 2.5 in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 2.5 (a “Notice of Revolving Borrowing”) (which telephonic notice must be received by the Administrative Agent prior to 10:00 a.m., Central time, (a) three (3) Business Days prior to the requested Borrowing Date, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, or (b) one (1) Business Day prior to the requested Borrowing Date, in the case of ABR Loans), specifying (i) the amount and Type of Revolving Loans to be borrowed, (ii) the requested Borrowing Date and (iii) in the case of Eurodollar Loans, the respective amounts of each such Type of Loan and the respective lengths of the initial Interest Periods therefor. Each borrowing under the Revolving Commitments shall be in an amount equal to $100,000 or a whole multiple of $50,000 in excess thereof; provided that the Swingline Lender may request, on behalf of the Borrower, borrowings under the Revolving Commitments that are ABR Loans in other amounts pursuant to Section 2.7. Upon receipt of any such notice from the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Revolving Lender thereof. Each Revolving Lender will make the amount of its pro rata share of each borrowing available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Borrower at the Funding Office prior to 12:00 Noon, Central time, on the Borrowing Date requested by the Borrower in funds immediately available to the Administrative Agent. Such borrowing will then be made available to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent crediting the account of the Borrower on the books of such office, or as otherwise directed in writing by the Borrower, with the aggregate of the amounts made available to the Administrative Agent by the Revolving Lenders and in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent.
36


f.Swingline Commitment
.
(i)Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Swingline Lender may, in its sole discretion and in reliance upon the agreements of the Revolving Lenders set forth in Section 2.7, make a portion of the credit otherwise available to the Borrower under the Revolving Commitments from time to time during the Revolving Commitment Period by making swing line loans (“Swingline Loans”) to the Borrower; provided that (i) the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans outstanding at any time shall not exceed the Swingline Commitment then in effect, and (ii) the Borrower shall not request, and the Swingline Lender shall not make, any Swingline Loan if, after giving effect to the making of such Swingline Loan, the aggregate amount of the Available Revolving Commitments would be less than zero. During the Revolving Commitment Period, the Borrower may use the Swingline Commitment by borrowing, repaying and reborrowing, all in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof. Swingline Loans shall be ABR Loans only.
(ii)The Borrower shall repay to the Swingline Lender the then unpaid principal amount of each Swingline Loan on the Revolving Termination Date; provided that on each date that a Revolving Loan is borrowed, the Borrower shall repay all Swingline Loans then outstanding.
g.Procedure for Swingline Borrowing; Refunding of Swingline Loans
.
(i)Whenever the Borrower desires that the Swingline Lender make a Swingline Loan it shall give the Swingline Lender irrevocable telephonic notice confirmed promptly in writing in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 2.7 (a “Notice of Swingline Borrowing”) (which telephonic notice must be received by the Swingline Lender not later than 10:00 a.m., Central time on the proposed Borrowing Date), specifying (i) the amount to be borrowed, and (ii) the requested Borrowing Date (which shall be a Business Day during the Revolving Commitment Period). Each borrowing under the Swingline Commitment shall be in an amount equal to $100,000 or a whole multiple of $50,000 in excess thereof. Not later than 3:00 p.m., Central time, on the Borrowing Date specified in a notice in respect of Swingline Loans, the Swingline Lender may, in its sole discretion and in reliance upon the agreements of the Revolving Lenders set forth in this Section 2.7, make available to the Administrative Agent at the Funding Office an amount in immediately available funds equal to the amount of the Swingline Loan. The Administrative Agent shall make the proceeds of such Swingline Loan available to the Borrower on such Borrowing Date by depositing such proceeds in the account of the Borrower with the Administrative Agent, or as otherwise directed in writing by the Borrower, on such Borrowing Date in immediately available funds.
(ii)The Swingline Lender, at any time and from time to time in its sole discretion may, on behalf of the Borrower (which hereby irrevocably directs the Swingline Lender to act on its behalf), upon notice given by the Swingline Lender no later than 10:00 a.m., Central time,
37


request each Revolving Lender to make, and each Revolving Lender hereby agrees to make, a Revolving Loan, in an amount equal to such Revolving Lender’s Revolving Percentage of the aggregate amount of the Swingline Loans (the “Refunded Swingline Loans”) outstanding on the date of such notice, to repay the Swingline Lender. Each Revolving Lender shall make the amount of such Revolving Loan available to the Administrative Agent at the Funding Office in immediately available funds, not later than 3:00 p.m., Central time, on the date of such notice. The proceeds of such Revolving Loans shall be immediately made available by the Administrative Agent to the Swingline Lender for application by the Swingline Lender to the repayment of the Refunded Swingline Loans. The Borrower irrevocably authorizes the Swingline Lender to charge the Borrower’s accounts with the Administrative Agent (up to the amount available in each such account) in order to immediately pay the amount of such Refunded Swingline Loans to the extent amounts received from the Revolving Lenders are not sufficient to repay in full such Refunded Swingline Loans.
(iii)If prior to the time a Revolving Loan would have otherwise been made pursuant to Section 2.7(b), one of the events described in Section 8(f) shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to the Borrower or if for any other reason, as determined by the Swingline Lender in its sole discretion, Revolving Loans may not be made as contemplated by Section 2.7(b), each Revolving Lender shall, on the date such Revolving Loan was to have been made pursuant to the notice referred to in Section 2.7(b), purchase for cash an undivided participating interest in the then outstanding Swingline Loans by paying to the Swingline Lender an amount (the “Swingline Participation Amount”) equal to (i) such Revolving Lender’s Revolving Percentage times (ii) the sum of the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans then outstanding that were to have been repaid with such Revolving Loans.
(iv)Whenever, at any time after the Swingline Lender has received from any Revolving Lender such Lender’s Swingline Participation Amount, the Swingline Lender receives any payment on account of the Swingline Loans, the Swingline Lender will distribute to such Lender its Swingline Participation Amount (appropriately adjusted, in the case of interest payments, to reflect the period of time during which such Lender’s participating interest was outstanding and funded and, in the case of principal and interest payments, to reflect such Lender’s pro rata portion of such payment if such payment is not sufficient to pay the principal of and interest on all Swingline Loans then due); provided, however, that in the event that such payment received by the Swingline Lender is required to be returned, such Revolving Lender will return to the Swingline Lender any portion thereof previously distributed to it by the Swingline Lender.
(v)Each Revolving Lender’s obligation to make the Loans referred to in Section 2.7(b) and to purchase participating interests pursuant to Section 2.7(c) shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (i) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right that such Revolving Lender or the Borrower may have against the Swingline Lender, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever, (ii) the occurrence or continuance of a Default or an Event of Default or the failure to satisfy any of the other conditions specified in Section 5, (iii) any adverse change in the business, operations, properties, assets, financial condition or business prospects of the Borrower
38


or any other Group Member, (iv) any breach of this Agreement or any other Loan Document by the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any other Lender or (v) any other circumstance, happening or event whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing.
h.Commitment Fees, etc.

(i)The Borrower agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of each Revolving Lender, a commitment fee for the period from and including the Initial Closing Date to the last day of the Revolving Commitment Period, computed at the Commitment Fee Rate in effect from time to time on the average daily amount of the Available Revolving Commitment of such Lender during the period for which payment is made, payable in arrears on each Fee Payment Date, commencing on the first such date to occur after the date hereof.
(ii)The Borrower agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent the fees in the amounts and on the dates as set forth in any written fee agreements with the Administrative Agent and to perform any other obligations contained therein, including without limitation that certain Fee Letter dated as of May 26, 2020.
i.Termination or Reduction of Revolving Commitments
. The Borrower shall have the right, upon not less than five (5) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, to terminate the Revolving Commitments or, from time to time, to reduce the amount of the Revolving Commitments; provided that no such termination or reduction of Revolving Commitments shall be permitted if, after giving effect thereto and to any prepayments of the Revolving Loans and Swingline Loans made on the effective date thereof, the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding would exceed the Total Revolving Commitments then in effect. Any such reduction shall be in an amount equal to $500,000, or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess of that amount, and shall reduce permanently the Revolving Commitments then in effect.
j.Optional Prepayments
.
(i)The Borrower may at any time and from time to time prepay the Loans, in whole or in part, upon irrevocable notice (provided, that any notice for the prepayment in full of the Facilities given in connection with a proposed Refinancing of the Facilities or a proposed Disposition of a Group Member or involving the sale of all or substantially all of the Collateral may be revocable and conditioned upon the closing of such Refinancing or Disposition) delivered to the Administrative Agent no later than (i) 10:00 a.m., Central time on the date of any prepayment of Swingline Loans, which notice in each case shall specify the date and amount of prepayment and (ii) 10:00 a.m., Central time, three (3) Business Days prior thereto, in the case of all other Loans, which notice in each case shall specify the date and amount of prepayment and whether the prepayment is of Eurodollar Loans or ABR Loans; provided that if a Eurodollar
39


Loan is prepaid on any day other than the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, the Borrower shall also pay any amounts owing pursuant to Section 2.20. Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof. If any such notice is given, the amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein, together with (except in the case of Revolving Loans that are ABR Loans and Swingline Loans) accrued interest to such date on the amount prepaid. Partial prepayments of Loans shall be in a minimum amount of $100,000 and a whole multiple of $50,000.
(ii)Prepayments pursuant to this Section 2.10 shall be made without premium or penalty (other than any amounts due pursuant to Section 2.20) and shall be applied to either the Term Loans or the Revolving Loans as directed by the Borrower. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.10 to the contrary, amounts received from any Loan Party that is not a Qualified ECP Guarantor shall not be applied to any Excluded Swap Obligation of such Loan Party.
k.Mandatory Prepayments and Commitment Reductions
.
(i)[Reserved].
(ii)If any Indebtedness (other than any Indebtedness incurred in accordance with Section 7.2) shall be incurred by any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary), an amount equal to 100% of the Net Cash Proceeds thereof shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.11(g) not later than the Business Day following receipt of such Net Cash Proceeds.
(iii)If during any fiscal year of Holdings one or more Loan Parties shall receive Net Cash Proceeds from Asset Sales and Recovery Events aggregating in excess of $100,000, then unless a Reinvestment Notice shall be delivered in respect thereof, such Net Cash Proceeds in excess of said $100,000 amount shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.11(g) not later than the Business Day following receipt of such Net Cash Proceeds; provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, on each Reinvestment Prepayment Date an amount equal to the Reinvestment Prepayment Amount with respect to the relevant Reinvestment Event shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.11(g).
(iv)Within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of Holdings, commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020, the Borrower shall prepay the Obligations in accordance with Section 2.11(g) in an aggregate amount equal to the following percentages of Excess Cash Flow for such preceding fiscal year as applicable: 50% with respect to each fiscal year; provided, however, that any mandatory prepayment pursuant to this Section 2.11(d) may be waived with the written consent of all Lenders. Any voluntary prepayments made in respect of the Term Loans and the Revolving Loans (but only to the extent that the Revolving Commitments are permanently reduced by the amount of such payments in accordance with Section 2.9 hereof) during the applicable period shall be treated as a credit against any Excess Cash Flow mandatory prepayment that would otherwise be required to be made pursuant to this Section 2.11(d) with respect to such period. Any prepayment pursuant to this Section 2.11(d) shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.11(g) below.
40


(v)Not later than the first Business Day following the date of receipt by the Borrower of any proceeds of any Specified Equity Contribution pursuant to Section 7.1(c), the Borrower shall prepay the outstanding Obligations in an aggregate amount equal to 100% of such proceeds. The proceeds of any such Specified Equity Contribution shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.11(g).
(vi)If for any reason the Revolving Extensions of Credit at any time exceed the aggregate Revolving Commitments then in effect, the Borrower shall immediately prepay Revolving Loans or any Swingline Loans then outstanding in an aggregate amount equal to such excess.
(vii)All amounts required to be prepaid pursuant to this Section 2.11 shall be applied as follows:
(1)with respect to all amounts prepaid pursuant to the foregoing subsections (b), (c) and (e), first to the Term Loans, in inverse order of maturity (including the final payment due on the Term Loan Maturity Date), then (after the Term Loans have been paid in full) to the Swingline Loans, and then (after the Swingline Loans have been paid in full) to the Revolving Loans (but without a corresponding reduction in the aggregate Revolving Commitments then in effect);
(2)with respect to all amounts prepaid pursuant to the foregoing subsection (d), first to the Term Loans, pro rata across remaining amortization payments (including the final payment due on the Term Loan Maturity Date), then (after the Term Loans have been paid in full) to the Swingline Loans, and then (after the Swingline Loans have been paid in full) to the Revolving Loans (but without a corresponding reduction in the aggregate Revolving Commitments then in effect); and
(3)with respect to all amounts prepaid pursuant to the foregoing subsection (f), first to the Swingline Loans, and then (after the Swingline Loans have been paid in full) to the Revolving Loans.
Within the parameters of the applications set forth above, prepayments shall be applied first to ABR Loans and then to Eurodollar Loans. All prepayments under this Section 2.11 shall be subject to Section 2.20, but otherwise without premium or penalty, and shall be accompanied by interest on the principal amount prepaid through the date of prepayment. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.11 to the contrary, amounts received from any Loan Party that is not a Qualified ECP Guarantor shall not be applied to any Excluded Swap Obligation of such Loan Party.
(viii)Each prepayment made pursuant to this Section 2.11 shall be accompanied by a certificate of a Responsible Officer in reasonable detail setting forth the calculation of the amount prepaid.
l.Conversion and Continuation Options
41


.
(i)The Borrower may elect from time to time to convert Eurodollar Loans to ABR Loans by giving the Administrative Agent prior irrevocable notice of such election no later than 10:00 a.m., Central time, on the third Business Day preceding the proposed conversion date, provided that any such conversion of Eurodollar Loans may only be made on the last day of an Interest Period with respect thereto, and provided further that if the Borrower shall fail to give any required notice as described above in this sentence, such Loans shall be automatically converted to ABR Loans on the last day of such then expiring Interest Period. The Borrower may elect from time to time to convert ABR Loans to Eurodollar Loans by giving the Administrative Agent prior irrevocable notice of such election no later than 10:00 a.m., Central time, on the third Business Day preceding the proposed conversion date (which notice shall specify the length of the initial Interest Period therefor), provided that no ABR Loan may be converted into a Eurodollar Loan when any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing unless the Administrative Agent and Required Lenders have determined in their sole discretion to permit such conversions. Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof.
(ii)Any Eurodollar Loans may be continued as such upon the expiration of the then current Interest Periods with respect thereto by the Borrower giving the Administrative Agent prior irrevocable notice of such election no later than 10:00 a.m. Central time, on the third Business Day preceding the proposed continuation date that (any such continuation of Eurodollar Loans to be made only on the last day of the current Interest Period with respect thereto), which notice shall specify the length of the Interest Period to be applicable upon such continuation of such Eurodollar Loans, provided that no Eurodollar Loan may be continued as such when any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing unless the Administrative Agent and Required Lenders have determined in their sole discretion to permit such continuations, and provided further that if the Borrower shall fail to give any required notice as described above in this paragraph or if such continuation is not permitted pursuant to the preceding proviso, such Loans shall be automatically converted to ABR Loans on the last day of such then expiring Interest Period. Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof.
m.Limitations on Eurodollar Tranches
. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, all borrowings, conversions and continuations of Eurodollar Loans and all selections of Interest Periods shall be in such amounts and be made pursuant to such elections so that, (a) after giving effect thereto, the aggregate principal amount of the Eurodollar Loans comprising each Eurodollar Tranche shall be equal to $400,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof and (b) no more than five (5) Eurodollar Tranches shall be outstanding at any one time.
n.Interest Rates and Payment Dates
.
42


(i)Each Eurodollar Loan shall bear interest for each day during each Interest Period with respect thereto at a rate per annum equal to the Eurodollar Rate in effect for such Interest Period plus the Applicable Margin for Eurodollar Loans from time to time in effect during such Interest Period.
(ii)Each ABR Loan shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the ABR plus the Applicable Margin for ABR Loans, in each case as from time to time in effect.
(iii) (i) If all or a portion of the principal amount of any Loan shall not be paid when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), all outstanding Loans (whether or not overdue) shall thereafter bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate that would otherwise be applicable thereto pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section plus an additional 2% per annum, (ii) if any other Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, all outstanding Loans (whether or not overdue) shall, upon election by the Required Lenders and written notice thereof to the Borrower, thereafter bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate that would otherwise be applicable thereto pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section plus an additional 2% per annum, and (iii) if all or a portion of any interest payable on any Loan or any commitment fee or other amount payable hereunder shall not be paid when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), such overdue amount shall, upon election by the Required Lenders and written notice thereof to the Borrower, thereafter bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate then applicable to ABR Loans plus an additional 2% per annum, in each case, with respect to clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above, from the date of such nonpayment until such amount is paid in full (after as well as before judgment).
(iv)Interest shall be payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date, provided that interest accruing pursuant to Section 2.14(c) shall be payable from time to time on demand.
o.Computation of Interest and Fees
; Notes.
(i)Interest and fees payable pursuant hereto shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual days elapsed. The Administrative Agent shall as soon as practicable notify the Borrower and the relevant Lenders of each determination of a Eurodollar Rate. Any change in the interest rate on a Loan resulting from a change in the ABR or the Eurodollar Reserve Requirements shall become effective as of the opening of business on the day on which such change becomes effective.
(ii)Each determination of an interest rate by the Administrative Agent pursuant to any provision of this Agreement shall be conclusive and binding on the Borrower and the Lenders in the absence of manifest error
(iii)Upon receipt by an Lender of any Note under this Agreement evidencing its Loans, such Lender agrees that any promissory notes issued under the Existing Credit Agreement in favor of such Lender with respect to the same type of Loans as such Note shall be deemed
43


replaced by such Note (without effecting a novation with respect to any “Obligations” as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement).
p.Inability to Determine Interest Rate
. If:
(i)the Administrative Agent shall have determined in good faith (which determination shall be conclusive and binding upon the Borrower) that, by reason of circumstances affecting the relevant market, adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the Eurodollar Rate, or
(ii)prior to the first day of any Interest Period the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from Required Lenders that they have concluded in good faith that the Eurodollar Rate determined or to be determined for such Interest Period will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders (as conclusively certified by such Lenders) of making or maintaining their affected Loans during such Interest Period,
the Administrative Agent shall give telecopy or telephonic notice (confirmed promptly in writing) thereof to the Borrower and the relevant Lenders as soon as practicable thereafter. If such notice is given (x) any Eurodollar Loans requested to be made shall be made as ABR Loans, (y) any Loans that were to have been converted to Eurodollar Loans shall be continued as ABR Loans and (z) any outstanding Eurodollar Loans shall be converted, on the last day of the then-current Interest Period or monthly period, as the case may be, to ABR Loans. Until such notice has been withdrawn by the Administrative Agent, no further Eurodollar Loans shall be made or continued as such, nor shall the Borrower have the right to convert Loans to Eurodollar Loans.
q.Pro Rata Treatment and Payments
.
(i)Each borrowing by the Borrower from the Lenders hereunder, each payment by the Borrower on account of any commitment fee, and any reduction of the Commitments of the Lenders shall be made pro rata according to the respective Term Percentages or Revolving Percentages, as the case may be, of the relevant Lenders.
(ii)Each payment (including each prepayment) by the Borrower on account of principal of and interest on the Term Loans shall be made pro rata according to the respective outstanding principal amounts of the Term Loans then held by the Term Lenders. The amount of each mandatory prepayment of the Term Loans made pursuant to Section 2.11 shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.11(g). The amount of each voluntary principal prepayment of the Term Loans made pursuant to Section 2.10 shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.10. Amounts repaid or prepaid on account of the Term Loans may not be reborrowed.
44


(iii)Each payment (including each prepayment) by the Borrower on account of (i) principal of the Revolving Loans shall be made pro rata according to the respective outstanding principal amounts of the Revolving Loans then held by the Revolving Lenders and (ii) interest on the Revolving Loans shall be made pro rata in accordance with the amounts of interest on the Revolving Loans then due and payable to the Revolving Lenders.
(iv)All payments (including prepayments) to be made by the Borrower hereunder, whether on account of principal, interest, fees or otherwise, shall be made without setoff or counterclaim and shall be made prior to 10:00 a.m., Central time, on the due date thereof to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Lenders, at the Funding Office, in US Dollars and in immediately available funds. The Administrative Agent shall distribute such payments to the Lenders, as applicable, promptly upon receipt in like funds as received. If any payment hereunder (other than payments on the Eurodollar Loans) becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day. If any payment on a Eurodollar Loan becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, the maturity thereof shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless the result of such extension would be to extend such payment into another calendar month, in which event such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day. In the case of any extension of any payment of principal pursuant to the preceding two sentences, interest thereon shall be payable at the then applicable rate during such extension.
(v)Unless the Administrative Agent shall have been notified in writing by any Lender prior to a borrowing that such Lender will not make the amount that would constitute its share of such borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender is making such amount available to the Administrative Agent, and the Administrative Agent may, but shall not be required to, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. If such amount is not made available to the Administrative Agent by the required time on the Borrowing Date therefor, such Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent, on demand, such amount with interest thereon, at a rate equal to the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 1.00% and (ii) a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with current banking industry practices on interbank compensation, for the period until such Lender makes such amount immediately available to the Administrative Agent. A certificate of the Administrative Agent submitted to any Lender with respect to any amounts owing under this paragraph shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. If such Lender’s share of such borrowing is not made available to the Administrative Agent by such Lender within three (3) Business Days after such Borrowing Date, the Administrative Agent shall also be entitled to recover such amount with interest thereon at the rate per annum applicable to ABR Loans, on demand, from the Borrower. Nothing herein shall be deemed to limit the rights of the Borrower against any Lender for such Lender’s failure to fund any borrowing as required by this Agreement.
(vi)Unless the Administrative Agent shall have been notified in writing by the Borrower prior to the date of any payment due to be made by the Borrower hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment to the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower is making such payment, and the Administrative Agent may, but
45


shall not be required to, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Lenders their respective pro rata shares of a corresponding amount. If such payment is not made to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower on such due date, the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to recover, on demand, from each Lender to which any amount which was made available pursuant to the preceding sentence, such amount with interest thereon at the rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) the daily average Federal Funds Rate plus 1.00%, and (ii) a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with current banking industry practices on interbank compensation. Nothing herein shall be deemed to limit the rights of the Administrative Agent or any Lender against the Borrower.
(vii)Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.17 to the contrary, amounts received from any Loan Party that is not a Qualified ECP Guarantor shall not be applied to any Excluded Swap Obligation of such Loan Party.
r.Requirements of Law
.
(i)If the adoption of or any change in any Requirement of Law or in the interpretation or application thereof or compliance by any Lender with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any central bank or other Governmental Authority made subsequent to the date hereof:
(1)shall subject any Lender to any tax of any kind whatsoever with respect to this Agreement or any Eurodollar Loan made by it, or change the basis of taxation of payments to such Lender in respect thereof (except for Non-Excluded Taxes covered by Section 2.19 and Excluded Taxes);
(2)shall impose, modify or hold applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan or similar requirement against assets held by, deposits or other liabilities in or for the account of, advances, loans or other extensions of credit by, or any other acquisition of funds by, any office of such Lender that is not otherwise included in the determination of the Eurodollar Rate; or
(3)shall impose on such Lender any other condition;
and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to such Lender of making, converting into, continuing or maintaining Eurodollar Loans, or to reduce any amount receivable hereunder in respect thereof, then, in any such case, the Borrower shall promptly pay such Lender, upon its demand, any additional amounts necessary to compensate such Lender for such increased cost or reduced amount receivable. If any Lender becomes entitled to claim any additional amounts pursuant to this paragraph, it shall notify the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of the event by reason of which it has become so entitled.
(ii)If any Lender shall have determined in good faith that the adoption of or any change in any Requirement of Law regarding capital adequacy or in the interpretation or
46


application thereof or compliance by such Lender or any corporation controlling such Lender with any request or directive regarding capital adequacy (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority made subsequent to the date hereof shall have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or such corporation’s capital as a consequence of its Commitment or other obligations hereunder or under or in respect of any Loan to a level below that which such Lender or such corporation could have achieved but for such adoption, change or compliance (taking into consideration such Lender’s or such corporation’s policies with respect to capital adequacy), then from time to time, after submission by such Lender to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of a written request therefor (which shall include the certificate described in clause (d) below), the Borrower shall promptly pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such corporation for such reduction.
(iii)If the adoption of or any change in any Requirement of Law or in the interpretation or application thereof shall make it unlawful or impossible for any Lender to make, maintain or fund any Eurodollar Loan and such Lender shall so notify the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent shall promptly give notice thereof to the Borrower and the other Lenders, whereupon until such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such suspension no longer exist, the obligation of such Lender to make Eurodollar Loans, or to continue or convert outstanding Loans as or into Eurodollar Loans, shall be suspended. In the case of the making of a Eurodollar borrowing, such Lender’s Revolving Loan shall be made as an ABR Loan as part of the same borrowing for the same Interest Period and if the affected Eurodollar Loan is then outstanding, such Loan shall be converted to an ABR Loan either (i) on the last day of the then current Interest Period applicable to such Eurodollar Loan if such Lender may lawfully continue to maintain such Loan to such date or (ii) immediately if such Lender shall determine that it may not lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Loan to such date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the affected Lender shall, prior to giving such notice to the Administrative Agent, designate a different lending office if such designation would avoid the need for giving such notice and if such designation would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender in the good faith exercise of its discretion.
(iv)A certificate in reasonable detail as to the calculation of any additional amounts payable pursuant to this Section submitted by any Lender to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section, the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender pursuant to this Section for any amounts incurred more than six months prior to the date such Lender notifies the Borrower of its intention to seek such compensation, provided that if the circumstances giving rise to such claim have a retroactive effect, then such six-month period shall be extended to include such period of retroactive effect. The obligations of the Borrower pursuant to this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.
s.Taxes
.
47


(i)All payments made by the Borrower under this Agreement shall be made free and clear of, and without deduction or withholding for or on account of, any present or future income, stamp or other taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions or withholdings, now or hereafter imposed, levied, collected, withheld or assessed by any Governmental Authority, excluding any Excluded Taxes. If any such taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions or withholdings other than Excluded Taxes (“Non-Excluded Taxes”) or Other Taxes are required to be withheld from any amounts payable to the Administrative Agent or any Lender hereunder, the amounts so payable to the Administrative Agent or such Lender shall be increased to the extent necessary to yield to the Administrative Agent or such Lender (after payment of all Non-Excluded Taxes and Other Taxes) interest or any such other amounts payable hereunder at the rates or in the amounts specified in this Agreement, provided, however, that the Borrower shall not be required to increase any such amounts payable to any Lender with respect to any Non-Excluded Taxes (i) that are attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the requirements of paragraph (d), (e) or (f) of this Section 2.19 or (ii) that are United States withholding taxes imposed on amounts payable to such Lender at the time such Lender becomes a party to this Agreement, except to the extent that such Lender’s assignor (if any) was entitled, at the time of assignment, to receive additional amounts from the Borrower with respect to such Non-Excluded Taxes pursuant to this paragraph.
(ii)In addition, the Borrower shall pay any Other Taxes to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law.
(iii)Whenever any Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes are payable by the Borrower, as promptly as possible thereafter the Borrower shall send to the Administrative Agent for its own account or for the account of the relevant Lender, as the case may be, a certified copy of an original official receipt received by the Borrower showing payment thereof or other documentation evidencing such payment reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent. If the Borrower fails to pay any Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes when due to the appropriate taxing authority or fails to remit to the Administrative Agent the required receipts or other required documentary evidence, the Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for any incremental taxes, interest or penalties that may become payable by the Administrative Agent or any Lender as a result of any such failure.
(iv)Each Lender (or Transferee) that is not a “U.S. Person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code (a “Non-U.S. Lender”) shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (or, in the case of a Participant, to the Lender from which the related participation shall have been purchased) two copies of either (A) U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN-E or W-8BEN, as applicable, Form W-8IMY or Form W-8ECI, or, (B) in the case of a Non-U.S. Lender claiming exemption from U.S. federal withholding tax under Section 871(h) or 881(c) of the Code with respect to payments of “portfolio interest”, a written statement substantially in the form of Exhibit 2.19(d) and a Form W-8BEN-E or W-8BEN, as applicable, Form W-8IMY or any subsequent versions thereof or successors thereto, properly completed and duly executed by such Non-U.S. Lender claiming complete exemption from U.S. federal withholding tax on all payments by the Borrower under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Such forms shall be delivered by each Non-U.S. Lender (including a Non-U.S.
48


Lender who becomes a party by assignment under Section 10.6) on or before the date it becomes a party to this Agreement (or, in the case of any Participant, on or before the date such Participant purchases the related participation). In addition, each Non-U.S. Lender shall deliver such forms promptly upon the obsolescence or invalidity of any form previously delivered by such Non-U.S. Lender. Each Non-U.S. Lender shall promptly notify the Borrower at any time it determines that it is no longer in a position to provide any previously delivered certificate to the Borrower (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. taxing authorities for such purpose). Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, a Non-U.S. Lender shall not be required to deliver any form pursuant to this paragraph that such Non-U.S. Lender is not legally able to deliver. In addition, if a payment made to a Lender hereunder or under any Notes would be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender fails to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender, upon request by either the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (A) a certification signed by an appropriate officer and (B) other documentation reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower sufficient for the Administrative Agent and the Borrower to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such applicable reporting requirements.
(v)A Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of non-U.S. withholding tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which the Borrower is located, or any treaty to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments under this Agreement shall deliver to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at the time or times prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable law as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate, provided that such Lender is legally entitled to complete, execute and deliver such documentation and in such Lender’s judgment such completion, execution or submission would not materially prejudice the legal position of such Lender.
(vi)Each Lender that is not a Non-U.S. Lender (each such Lender, a “U.S. Lender”) and which is not an “exempt recipient” within the meaning of the Treasury Regulation Section 1.6049-4(c)(1)(ii) and (A) is a party hereto on the Closing Date or (B) becomes an assignee of an interest under this Agreement shall (w) on or prior to the date such U.S. Lender becomes a party hereunder, (x) on or prior to the date on which any such form or certification expires or becomes obsolete, (y) after the occurrence of any event requiring a change in the most recent form or certification previously delivered by it, and (z) from time to time if requested by Borrower, provide Borrower and Administrative Agent with two completed originals of Form W-9 (certifying that such U.S. Lender is entitled to an exemption from U.S. backup withholding tax) or any successor form.
(vii)The Administrative Agent and each Lender agree to cooperate with the Borrower, at the Borrower’s sole cost and expense, with any application or other request to, or proceeding with, the applicable Governmental Authority for a refund of any Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes that are subject to the indemnity pursuant to this Section 2.19. If the Administrative Agent or any Lender determines that it has received a refund of any Non-Excluded Taxes or Other
49


Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by the Borrower or with respect to which the Borrower has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.19, it shall pay over such refund to the Borrower (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by the Borrower under this Section 2.19 with respect to the Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all reasonable expenses of the Administrative Agent or such Lender and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund); provided that the Borrower, upon the request of the Administrative Agent or such Lender, agrees to repay the amount paid over to the Borrower (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Administrative Agent or such Lender in the event the Administrative Agent or such Lender is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. This paragraph shall not be construed to require the Administrative Agent or any Lender to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes which it deems confidential) to the Borrower or any other Person.
(viii)The agreements in this Section 2.19 shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.
t.Indemnity
. The Borrower agrees to indemnify each Lender for, and to hold each Lender harmless from, any loss (other than the loss of anticipated profits) or expense that such Lender may sustain or incur as a consequence of (a) default by the Borrower in making a borrowing of, conversion into or continuation of Eurodollar Loans after the Borrower has given a notice requesting the same in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, (b) default by the Borrower in making any prepayment of or conversion from Eurodollar Loans after the Borrower has given a notice thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement or (c) the making by the Borrower of a prepayment of Eurodollar Loans on a day that is not the last day of an Interest Period with respect thereto. Such indemnification may include an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the amount of interest that would have accrued on the amount so prepaid, or not so borrowed, converted or continued, for the period from the date of such prepayment or of such failure to borrow, convert or continue to the last day of such Interest Period (or, in the case of a failure to borrow, convert or continue, the Interest Period that would have commenced on the date of such failure) in each case at the applicable rate of interest for such Loans provided for herein (excluding, however, the Applicable Margin included therein) over (ii) the amount of interest (as reasonably determined by such Lender) that would have accrued to such Lender on such amount by placing such amount on deposit for a comparable period with leading banks in the interbank eurodollar market. A certificate in reasonable detail as to the calculation of any amounts payable pursuant to this Section submitted to the Borrower by any Lender shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. Any payments pursuant to this Section 2.20 shall be due within five (5) Business Days after receipt of such certificate. This covenant shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.
u.Change of Lending Office
. Each Lender agrees that, upon the occurrence of any event giving rise to the operation of Section 2.18 or 2.19(a) with respect to such Lender, it will, if requested by the Borrower, use
50


reasonable efforts (subject to overall policy considerations of such Lender) to (or, if reasonably requested by the Borrower, to file any certificate or document to) designate another lending office for any Commitment or Loans affected by such event with the object of avoiding the consequences of such event; provided that such designation is made on terms that, in the good faith judgment of such Lender, cause such Lender and its lending office(s) to suffer no economic, legal or regulatory disadvantage, and provided further that nothing in this Section shall affect or postpone any of the obligations of the Borrower or the rights of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.18 or 2.19(a).
v.Replacement of Lenders
. The Borrower shall be permitted to replace any Lender that (a) requests payment of, or reimbursement for, amounts under Section 2.18 or 2.19(a), (b) defaults in its obligation to make Loans hereunder or to purchase for cash an undivided participating interest in the then outstanding Swingline Loans under Section 2.7(c), or (c) fails to consent to any amendment, modification, supplement or waiver with respect to any of the provisions of the Loan Documents as contemplated in Section 10.1 where such amendment, modification, supplement or waiver has been approved by the Required Lenders in accordance with such Section, but the consent of each Lender is required with respect thereto, with a replacement financial institution; provided that (i) such replacement does not conflict with any Requirement of Law, (ii) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such replacement, (iii) prior to any such replacement, such Lender shall have taken no action under Section 2.21 so as to eliminate the continued need for payment of amounts owing pursuant to Section 2.18 or 2.19(a), (iv) the replacement financial institution shall purchase, at par, all Loans, interest, fees, and other amounts owing to such replaced Lender on or prior to the date of replacement, (v) the Borrower shall be liable to such replaced Lender under Section 2.21 if any Eurodollar Loan owing to such replaced Lender shall be purchased other than on the last day of the Interest Period relating thereto, (vi) the replacement financial institution, if not already a Lender, shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, (vii) the replaced Lender shall be obligated to make such replacement in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.6 (provided that the Borrower shall be obligated to pay the registration and processing fee referred to therein), (viii) until such time as such replacement shall be consummated, the Borrower shall pay all additional amounts (if any) required pursuant to Section 2.18 or 2.19(a), as the case may be, and (ix) any such replacement shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any rights that the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or any other Lender shall have against the replaced Lender.
w.Defaulting Lenders
.
(i)Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, during such period as any Revolving Lender is a Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender will not be entitled to any commitment fees accruing during such period pursuant to Section 2.8(a) (but without prejudice to the rights of the Revolving Lenders other than any Defaulting Lenders in respect of such fees), and the pro rata payment provisions of Section 2.17 will automatically be deemed adjusted to reflect the provisions of this Section 2.23(a).
51


(ii)Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, with the prior written approval of the Administrative Agent, the Borrower may terminate (on a non-ratable basis) the unused amount of the Revolving Commitment of any Defaulting Lender on not less than five (5) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent (which will promptly notify the other Lenders thereof), and in such event the provisions of Section 2.23(c) will apply to all amounts thereafter paid by the Borrower for the account of any such Defaulting Lender in respect of its Revolving Commitment and Revolving Extensions of Credit (whether on account of principal, interest, fees, indemnity or other amounts), provided that such termination will not be deemed to be a waiver or release of any claim the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender, or any other Revolving Lender may have against such Defaulting Lender.
(iii)If any Revolving Lender becomes, and during the period it remains, a Defaulting Lender, the following provisions shall apply with respect to such Defaulting Lender’s Revolving Percentage of the aggregate principal amount of all Swingline Loans then outstanding (such Defaulting Lender’s “Swingline Exposure”):
(1)The Swingline Lender is hereby authorized by the Borrower (which authorization is irrevocable and coupled with an interest) to give, in its discretion, through the Administrative Agent, a borrowing notice pursuant to Section 2.5 in such amounts and at such times as may be required to repay an outstanding Swingline Loan, as applicable;
(2)The Borrower will, not later than three (3) Business Days after demand by the Administrative Agent (at the direction of the Swingline Lender) (x) Cash Collateralize a portion of the obligations of the Borrower to the Swingline Lender equal to such Defaulting Lender’s Swingline Exposure, (y) in the case of such Swingline Exposure, prepay all Swingline Loans, or (z) make other arrangements satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Swingline Lender, as the case may be, in their sole discretion, to protect them against the risk of non-payment by such Defaulting Lender; provided that no such Cash Collateralization will constitute a waiver or release of any claim the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender or any other Lender may have against such Defaulting Lender, or cause such Defaulting Lender to be a Non-Defaulting Lender; and
(3)Any amount paid by the Borrower for the account of a Defaulting Lender in respect of its Revolving Commitment or its Revolving Extensions of Credit (whether on account of principal, interest, fees, indemnity payments or other amounts) will not be paid or distributed to such Defaulting Lender, but will instead be retained by the Administrative Agent in a segregated non-interest bearing account until the termination of the Revolving Commitments, at which time the funds in such account will be applied by the Administrative Agent, to the fullest extent permitted by law, in the following order of priority: first, to the payment of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent under this Agreement; second, to the payment of any amounts owing by
52


such Defaulting Lender to the Swingline Lender under this Agreement; third, to the payment of post-default interest and then current interest due and payable to the Non-Defaulting Lenders, ratably among them in accordance with the amounts of such interest then due and payable to them; fourth, to the payment of fees then due and payable to the Non-Defaulting Lenders hereunder, ratably among them in accordance with the amounts of such fees then due and payable to them; fifth, to pay principal then due and payable to the Non-Defaulting Lenders hereunder ratably in accordance with the amounts thereof then due and payable to them; sixth, to the ratable payment of other amounts then due and payable to the Non-Defaulting Lenders; and seventh, to pay amounts owing under this Agreement to such Defaulting Lender or as a court of competent jurisdiction may otherwise direct.
x.Eurodollar Replacement Rate
. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any time:
(i)(i) the Administrative Agent reasonably determines in good faith (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) that, by reason of circumstances affecting the London interbank eurodollar market, adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the Eurodollar Rate, or (ii) the Administrative Agent shall have determined in good faith that the Eurodollar Rate applicable pursuant to Section 2.14(a) for any requested Interest Period does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders (as conclusively certified by such Lenders) of funding such Loan and in either event, such circumstances are unlikely to be temporary; or
(ii) the circumstances set forth in (a) above have not arisen, but the supervisor for the administrator of the Eurodollar Base Rates or a Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the Administrative Agent has made a public statement identifying a specific date after which the Eurodollar Rate shall no longer be used for determining interest rates for loans or that the Eurodollar Rate will no longer be representative,
then, in either event, reasonably promptly thereafter the Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower of such event and the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall endeavor to designate an alternate rate of interest to the Eurodollar Base Rates that gives due consideration to any evolving or then-existing convention for the use of alternative benchmarks and adjustments in the context of similar U.S. dollar denominated credit facilities (such rate being referred to as the “Eurodollar Replacement Rate”) and, notwithstanding anything in Section 10.1 to the contrary or any other provision of this Agreement, shall enter into an amendment amending this Agreement and any other relevant Loan Documents (the “Amendment”), to reflect such alternate rate of interest and such other related changes (including without limitation changes with respect to the Applicable Margin) as may be necessary or appropriate in the reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent to effect the provisions of this paragraph and to achieve a final all-in interest rate substantially similar as of the effective date of the Amendment to that in effect prior to the occurrence of the event set forth above (collectively, “Eurodollar Replacement Rate Conforming Changes”). The Amendment shall become effective upon the date specified in the
53


notice. No replacement of the Eurodollar Rates with a Eurodollar Replacement Rate pursuant to this paragraph shall occur prior to the effective date for such Amendment.

The Eurodollar Replacement Rate shall specify that in no event shall such Eurodollar Replacement Rate be less than 0.50%. Such Eurodollar Replacement Rate and Eurodollar Replacement Rate Conforming Changes shall be applied in a manner consistent with market practice; provided that, in each case, to the extent such market practice is not administratively feasible for the Administrative Agent, such Eurodollar Replacement Rate and Eurodollar Replacement Rate Conforming Changes shall be applied as otherwise reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower.
Section 3.RESERVED
Section 4.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
To induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into this Agreement and to make the Loans, each of Holdings and the Borrower represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each Lender that:
a.Financial Condition
.
(i) (i) The audited consolidated balance sheet of Trean and its Subsidiaries as at December 31, 2019 and the related consolidated statements of income and of cash flows for the fiscal year ended on such dates, reported on by and accompanied by an unqualified report from Deloitte, (ii) the unaudited balance sheet of Trean and its Subsidiaries as at March 31, 2020 and the related statements of income and of cash flows for the period ended on such date, and (iii) the pro forma balance sheet balance sheet of Trean and its Subsidiaries reflecting the closing of the Existing Credit Agreement, presented fairly in all material respects the financial position of Trean and its Subsidiaries, as at such dates, and the results of operations and cash flows of Trean and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, for the respective fiscal periods then ended. All such financial statements, including the related schedules and notes thereto, were prepared in accordance with GAAP applied consistently throughout the periods involved (except, in the case of the audited financial statements, as approved by the aforementioned firm of accountants and disclosed therein, and except, in the case of the unaudited financial statements, for the absence of customary year-end adjustments and notes thereto). As of December 31, 2019, Trean and its Subsidiaries, had no material Guarantee Obligations or other material contingent liabilities or liabilities for taxes or long term leases, including any interest rate swap or exchange transaction or other obligation in respect of derivatives, that were not reflected in the most recent financial statements referred to in this paragraph or in the notes thereto that otherwise would be required to be disclosed as liabilities in accordance with GAAP.
(ii)The Projections were prepared by Trean based upon estimates and assumptions that Trean believes to be reasonable and fair on the First Amended and Restated Closing Date in light of current conditions and facts known to Trean and, as of the First Amended and Restated
54


Closing Date, reflected Trean’s good faith estimates of the future financial performance of Trean and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis and of the other information projected therein for the periods set forth therein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood that such Projections were and remain subject to uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of the Group Members, and that no assurance can be given that such Projections will actually be realized.
(iii)The pro forma unaudited consolidated balance sheet of Trean and its Subsidiaries, a copy of which was delivered to each Lender, was prepared as of March 31, 2020 (which was prepared using the March 31, 2020 balance sheet referred to in clause (a) above) and presented fairly in all material respects as of such date, on a pro forma basis, the consolidated financial position of Trean and its Subsidiaries after giving pro forma effect to the transactions contemplated by the Existing Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement).
b.No Change
. Since December 31, 2019, there has been no development, event or change in condition that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
c.Existence; Compliance with Law
.
(i)Each Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) (i) is duly organized or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization or formation, and is in compliance with its charter, by-laws or other organizational documents, (ii) has the corporate or other organizational power and authority to own and operate its property, to lease the property it operates as lessee and to conduct the business in which it is currently engaged, and (iii) is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or other organization and in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership, leasing or operation of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification and where the failure to be so qualified and in good standing could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(ii)None of the Group Members (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) (i) has been, is or will be in violation of any applicable Requirement of Law, including any building, zoning, occupational safety, products warranty or liability, fair employment, equal opportunity, pension, or similar federal, state or local law, statute, ordinance or regulation, relating to the ownership or operation of its business or assets, (ii) has failed to obtain any license, permit, certificate, consent, qualification, waiver, approval, registration or other governmental authorization necessary for the conduct of its business or the ownership and operation of its assets, (iii) to the knowledge of the Responsible Officers, has received any notice from any Governmental Authority, and no such notice is pending or threatened, alleging that any Group Member has violated, or has not complied with, any Requirement of Law, condition or standard applicable with respect to any of the foregoing, or (iv) is subject to any judgment, order, or writ,
55


except to the extent that any violation, noncompliance, failure, judgment, etc. as described in this Section 4.3(b), either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
d.Power; Authorization; Enforceable Obligations
. Each Loan Party has the power and authority to make, deliver and perform its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of the Borrower, to obtain extensions of credit hereunder. Each Loan Party has taken all necessary organizational action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of the Borrower, to authorize the extensions of credit on the terms and conditions of this Agreement. No consent or authorization of, filing with, notice to or other act by or in respect of, any Governmental Authority or any other Person is required to be obtained or made by or on behalf of a Loan Party in connection with transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, or with the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, except (i) consents, authorizations, filings and notices described in Schedule 4.4, which consents, authorizations, filings and notices have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect and (ii) the filings referred to in Section 4.20. Each Loan Document has been duly executed and delivered on behalf of each Loan Party that is a party thereto. This Agreement constitutes, and each other Loan Document upon execution and delivery will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of each Loan Party party thereto, enforceable against each such Loan Party in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles (whether enforcement is sought by proceedings in equity or at law).
e.No Legal Bar
. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the borrowings hereunder will not violate any Requirement of Law applicable to any Group Member or any material Contractual Obligation of any Group Member, and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any Lien on any of their respective properties or revenues pursuant to any Requirement of Law or any such Contractual Obligation (other than the Liens created by the Security Documents). No Requirement of Law or Contractual Obligation applicable to any of the Loan Parties could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
f.Litigation
. No litigation, investigation or proceeding of or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority is pending or, to the knowledge of any of the Responsible Officers, threatened in writing by or against any Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) or against any of their respective properties or revenues (i) with respect to this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or (ii) that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
56


g.No Default
. No Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) are in default under or with respect to any of their Contractual Obligations in any respect that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.
h.Ownership of Personal Property; Liens
. Each Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) has good title to, a valid leasehold interest in, or otherwise has rights to use, all its personal Property, in each case where such personal Property is used or contemplated for use in the Business or reflected in such Group Member’s financial statements, and none of such personal property is subject to any Lien except as expressly permitted by Section 7.3.
i.Ownership of Real Property; Liens
. Each Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) has (a) good, sufficient and legal title to (in the case of fee interests in Real Estate Assets), and (b) valid leasehold interests in (in the case of leasehold interests in Real Estate Assets), in each case where such property is used or contemplated for use in the Business or reflected in such Group Member’s financial statements, and none of such property is subject to any Lien except Liens permitted by Sections 7.3(a), (b), (e) or (h). As of the Closing Date, Schedule 4.9 contains a true, accurate and complete list of (i) all Material Real Estate Assets and (ii) all leases, subleases or assignments of leases (together with all amendments, modifications, supplements, renewals or extensions of any thereof) affecting each leasehold interests in Real Estate Assets, regardless of whether such Loan Party is the landlord or tenant (whether directly or as an assignee or successor in interest) under such lease, sublease or assignment. Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, each agreement listed in clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence is in full force and effect, the Borrower does not have knowledge of any default that has occurred and is continuing thereunder and each such agreement constitutes the legally valid and binding obligation of each applicable Loan Party, enforceable against such Loan Party in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles.
j.Intellectual Property
. Each Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) owns, or is licensed to use, all Intellectual Property necessary for the conduct of the Business as currently conducted, except where the failure to own or possess any licenses to use such Intellectual Property could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The use of Intellectual Property by each Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) does not infringe on the rights of any Person, except where, individually or in the aggregate, any such infringement could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No claims have been asserted and are pending by any Persons challenging the use of any such Intellectual Property or the validity or
57


effectiveness of any Intellectual Property owned by such Group Member, nor does the Borrower or Holdings know of any valid basis for any such claim, except where, individually or in the aggregate, any such claims could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
k.Taxes
. Each Group Member has filed or caused to be filed all Federal and material state tax returns that are required to be filed and has paid prior to delinquency thereof all taxes shown to be due and payable on said returns or on any assessments made against it or any of its property with respect to such Federal and material state tax returns (other than any taxes the amount or validity of which are currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in conformity with GAAP have been provided on the books of the relevant Group Member).
l.Federal Regulations
. No part of the proceeds of any Loans, and no other extensions of credit hereunder, will be used (a) for “buying” or “carrying” any “margin stock” within the respective meanings of each of the quoted terms under Regulation U as now and from time to time hereafter in effect, of the Board or (b) for any purpose that violates the provisions of the regulations of the Board.
m.Labor Matters
. Except as, in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect: (a) there are no strikes or other labor disputes against any Group Member pending or, to the knowledge of any of the Responsible Officers, threatened; (b) hours worked by and payment made to employees of each Group Member have not been in violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act or any other applicable Requirement of Law dealing with such matters; and (c) all payments due from any Group Member on account of employee health and welfare insurance have been paid or accrued as a liability on the books of the relevant Group Member to the extent required under GAAP.
n.ERISA
. Neither a Reportable Event nor a failure to satisfy the minimum funding standard applicable to any Plan for any plan year (as described in Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, whether or not waived) has occurred during the five-year period prior to the date on which this representation is made with respect to any Plan, and each Plan has complied with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code, except where, individually or in the aggregate, such occurrence or non-compliance has not resulted and could not reasonably be expected to result in a material liability to the Group Members taken as a whole. No termination of a Single Employer Plan has occurred, and no Lien in favor of the PBGC or a Plan has arisen, during such five-year period, except where, individually or in the aggregate, such termination or Lien has not resulted and could not reasonably be expected to result in a material liability to the Group Members taken as a whole. The present value of all accrued benefits under each Single Employer Plan (based on those assumptions used to fund such Plans) did not, as of the last
58


annual valuation date prior to the date on which this representation is made or deemed made, exceed the value of the assets of such Plan allocable to such accrued benefits by a material amount. Neither Holdings nor the Borrower nor any Commonly Controlled Entity has had a complete or partial withdrawal from any Multiemployer Plan that has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in a material liability under ERISA, and neither Holdings nor the Borrower nor any Commonly Controlled Entity would become subject to any material liability under ERISA if Holdings, the Borrower or any such Commonly Controlled Entity were to withdraw completely from all Multiemployer Plans as of the valuation date most closely preceding the date on which this representation is made or deemed made. No such Multiemployer Plan is in Reorganization or Insolvent.
o.Investment Company Act; Other Regulations
. No Loan Party is an “investment company”, or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” required to be registered as such, within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. No Loan Party is subject to regulation under any Requirement of Law that limits its ability to incur Indebtedness.
p.Subsidiaries
. As of the Closing Date, (a) Schedule 4.16 sets forth the name and jurisdiction of organization or formation of each Subsidiary of Holdings and, as to each such Subsidiary, the percentage of each class of Capital Stock owned by any Loan Party and (b) there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, rights or other agreements or commitments (other than those granted to current or former officers, employees or directors and current or former directors’ qualifying shares) of any nature relating to any Capital Stock of Holdings or any other Group Member, except as disclosed on Schedule 4.16.
q.Use of Proceeds
. The proceeds of the Term Loans made on the First Amended and Restated Closing Date (which shall not be deemed to include, for the avoidance of doubt, the Existing Term Loans (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement)) were, and have been or will be, required to be used (i) for Borrower to pay a one-time distribution to Holdings (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) in an amount not to exceed $18,153,897, which in turn paid a one-time distribution to its equity holders (the “First Amended and Restated Closing Date Distribution”), and (ii) to pay transaction costs and expenses arising in connection with the Existing Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement), or in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. The proceeds of all Revolving Loans made after the Closing Date shall be used to finance Permitted Acquisitions, to provide for working capital, to fund capital expenditures, and for other lawful general corporate purposes of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries. No part of the proceeds of any Loan will be used, whether directly or indirectly, (a) for any purpose that would violate any rule or regulation of the Board, including Regulations T, U or X, (b) to refinance any commercial paper, (c) in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any Anti-Corruption Laws, or (d) for the purpose of funding, financing
59


or facilitating any activities, business or transaction of or with any Sanctioned Person, or in any Sanctioned Country. The proceeds of any Qualified Initial Public Offering of Holdings shall be used (x) first, to make the Restricted Payment permitted by Section 7.6(j)(i), second to repay the Indebtedness permitted by Section 7.2(o) in full and thereby discharge the liens and security interests permitted by Sections 7.3(n) and (o), third to make the Investment permitted by Section 7.7(n)(i) and fourth to make the Restricted Payment permitted by Section 7.6(j)(ii) and (y) subsequently to pay transaction costs and expenses arising in connection with this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and such Qualified Initial Public Offering and/or to provide for working capital, to fund capital expenditures, to make investments in the Benchmark entities in accordance with Section 7.7(n)(ii) and for other lawful general corporate purposes of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
r.Environmental Matters
. Except as, either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect:
(i)the facilities and Real Estate Assets owned, leased or operated by any Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) do not contain, and have not previously contained, any Hazardous Materials in amounts or concentrations or under circumstances that constitute or constituted a violation of, or would reasonably be expected to give rise to liability under, any Environmental Law;
(ii)no Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) have received any written notices of violation or alleged violations of non-compliance with, or liability or potential liability under Environmental Laws with regard to any of their facilities or the businesses operated by any Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries), nor does Holdings or the Borrower have knowledge or reason to believe that any such notice will be received or is being threatened;
(iii)Hazardous Materials have not been transported or disposed of from the Group Members’ (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries’) facilities in violation of, or in a manner or to a location that would reasonably be expected to give rise to liability under, any Environmental Law, nor have any Hazardous Materials been generated, treated, stored or disposed of at, on or under any of their facilities in violation of, or in a manner that would reasonably be expected to give rise to liability under, any applicable Environmental Law;
(iv)no judicial proceedings or governmental or administrative actions are pending or, to the knowledge of any of the Responsible Officers, threatened, under any Environmental Laws to which any Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) are or will be named as parties with respect to their facilities or their businesses, nor are there any consent decrees or other decrees, consent orders, administrative orders or other orders, or other administrative or judicial determinations outstanding under any Environmental Law to which any Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) are or would reasonably be expected to be named as parties with respect to their facilities or businesses;
60


(v)there have been no releases or threats of releases of Hazardous Materials at or from any Group Members’ (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries’) facilities or businesses, or arising from or related to the operations of any Group Members in connection with their facilities or businesses, or otherwise in connection with their facilities and businesses, in violation of or in amounts or in a manner that would reasonably be expected to give rise to liability under Environmental Laws;
(vi)the facilities and business operations of the Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) are in compliance, and have been in compliance, with all applicable Environmental Laws, and there is no contamination at, under or about their facilities and businesses or violation of any Environmental Law with respect to their facilities and businesses; and
(vii)no Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) have expressly assumed any liabilities of any other Persons under any Environmental Laws.
s.Accuracy of Information, Beneficial Ownership, etc
;
(i)No statement or information contained in this Agreement, any other Loan Document (or, to the Borrower’s knowledge with respect to statements made, or information provided by, a non-Group Member, in any Loan Document) or any other document or certificate (excluding the Projections, pro forma financial information or estimates) furnished by or at the direction of any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders, or any of them, for use in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, when taken together with all such statements, information, documents and certificates, contained as of the date such statement, information, document or certificate was so furnished, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained herein or therein not misleading in light of the circumstances when made.
(ii)As of the Closing Date, the information included in the Beneficial Ownership Certification (if applicable) is true and correct in all respects.
t.Guarantee and Collateral Agreement
. The Guarantee and Collateral Agreement is effective to create in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a legal, valid and enforceable security interest in the Collateral described therein and proceeds thereof. In the case of the Pledged Stock (as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement), when any certificates representing any such Pledged Stock are delivered to the Administrative Agent, and in the case of the other Collateral described in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement in which a security interest may be perfected by filing a financing statement or other governmental filing, when financing statements and other filings specified on Schedule 4.20 in appropriate form are filed in the offices specified on Schedule 4.20, the security interest granted by the Guarantee and Collateral
61


Agreement shall constitute a perfected security interest in all right, title and interest of the Loan Parties in such Collateral and the proceeds thereof, as security for the respective Grantors’ Obligations (as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement), in each case prior and superior in right to any other Person (except, in the case of Collateral other than Pledged Stock, Liens expressly permitted by Section 7.3).
u.Solvency
. The Loan Parties, taken as a whole, are, and immediately after giving effect to the incurrence of all Indebtedness and obligations being incurred in connection herewith, will be Solvent.
v.Insurance
. All policies of insurance required to be maintained under Section 6.5(b) are in full force and effect.
w.[Reserved].
x.Material Contracts
. Schedule 4.24 sets forth a list of any contracts (other than the Loan Documents) between any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) and any third party in effect as of the Closing Date having a termination date after the one-year anniversary of the Closing Date and involving an annual amount in excess of $500,000 (each, a “Material Contract”), with respect to the amount of annual revenues and aggregate annual payments received or made, as applicable, by the Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries) thereunder. The Borrower has not received written notice that any party to a Material Contract will not continue after the Closing Date to perform its material obligations thereunder other than as a result of scheduled contract terminations/expirations.
y.OFAC
. No Group Member, nor any Affiliate of any such Group Member, (a) is a Sanctioned Person, (b) has more than 15% of its assets in Sanctioned Countries, or (c) derives more than 15% of its operating income from investments in, or transactions with Sanctioned Persons or Sanctioned Countries. No part of the proceeds of any Loans hereunder will be used directly or indirectly to fund any operations in, finance any investments or activities in or make any payments to, a Sanctioned Person or a Sanctioned Country or for any payments to any governmental official or employee, political party, official of a political party, candidate for political office, or anyone else acting in an official capacity, in order to obtain, retain or direct business or obtain any improper advantage, in violation of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
z.USA PATRIOT Act
62


. No Group Member is an “enemy” or an “ally of the enemy” within the meaning of Section 2 of the Trading with the Enemy Act of the United States of America (50 U.S.C. App. §§ 1 et seq.), as amended or any enabling legislation or executive order relating thereto. No Group Member is in violation of (a) the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, (b) any of the foreign assets control regulations of the United States Treasury Department (31 C.F.R., Subtitle B, Chapter V, as amended) or any enabling legislation or executive order relating thereto or (c) the Patriot Act. No Group Member (i) is a blocked person described in Section 1 of the Anti-Terrorism Order or (ii) to the best of its knowledge, engages in any dealings or transactions, or is otherwise associated, with any such blocked person.
aa.Anti-Corruption Laws
. Each of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of each Loan Party and its Subsidiaries, each of their respective directors, officers, employees and Affiliates, is in compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws. Each Loan Party and its Subsidiaries has implemented and maintains in effect policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by such Loan Party, its Subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws. None of the Loan Parties or their respective Subsidiaries has made a payment, offering, or promise to pay, or authorized the payment of, money or anything of value (a) in order to assist in obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to, any foreign official, foreign political party, party official or candidate for foreign political office, (b) to a foreign official, foreign political party or party official or any candidate for foreign political office, and (c) with the intent to induce the recipient to misuse his or her official position to direct business wrongfully to such Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries or to any other Person, in violation of any Anti-Corruption Law. No part of the proceeds of any Loan or other transaction contemplated by this Agreement or any other Loan Document will violate Anti-Corruption Laws.
ab.EEA Financial Institution
. No Loan Party is an EEA Financial Institution.
Section 5.CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
a.Conditions to Initial Extension of Credit
. The effectiveness of this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction on the Closing Date of the following conditions precedent:
(i)Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and other Loan Documents. The Administrative Agent shall have received the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, the Management Fee Subordination Agreement, the BIC Subordination Agreement, the Solvency Certificate and the other Loan Documents required hereunder, in each case as executed and delivered by each Person that is a party thereto.
(ii)[Reserved.]
63


(iii)[Reserved.]
(iv)Approvals. All governmental and third party approvals necessary or, in the reasonable judgment of the Administrative Agent, advisable, in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall have been obtained and be in full force and effect, and all applicable waiting periods shall have expired without any action being taken or threatened by any competent authority that would restrain, prevent or otherwise impose material adverse conditions on the operations of the Group Members or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
(v)Credit Agreement and Notes. The Administrative Agent shall have received this Agreement as executed and delivered by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower, Holdings, the other Loan Parties party hereto and each Lender listed on Schedule 1.1-C, together with any Notes evidencing Loans deemed made or to be made hereunder as executed by the Borrower and as may have been requested by any Lender.
(vi)Lien Searches. The Administrative Agent shall have received the results of recent Lien searches in each jurisdiction where the Loan Parties are organized or formed, and in the United States Patent, Trademark and Copyright Offices, and such searches shall reveal no Liens on any of the assets of the Loan Parties, except for Liens expressly permitted by Section 7.3 or Liens being discharged on or prior to the Closing Date pursuant to documentation satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
(vii)Perfection Certificate. The Administrative Agent shall have received a perfection certificate in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, duly executed on behalf of the Borrower.
(viii)Fees. Subject to the following sentence, Lenders and the Administrative Agent shall have received all fees required to be paid, and all expenses required to be paid and for which invoices have been presented (including the reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel for the Administrative Agent), on or before the Closing Date. All such amounts will be paid with cash on hand.
(ix)Certified Organizational Documents; Good Standing Certificates. The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) a certificate of the Borrower and each other Loan Party dated the Closing Date, with respect to the organizational documents of such Person, the authorization of the Loan Documents by the board of directors or other appropriate governing board or body of such Person, and the incumbency and specimen signatures of officers of such Person authorized to execute and deliver the Loan Documents to which such Person is party, with appropriate attachments, including the articles or certificate of incorporation or formation of each such Person certified by the relevant authority of the jurisdiction of organization or formation of each such Person, by-laws, limited liability company agreements and authorizing resolutions, and (ii) a short form good standing certificate for each such Person from its jurisdiction of organization.
64


(x)Legal Opinions. The Administrative Agent shall have received the legal opinion of (i) Schiff Hardin LLP, special New York counsel to Holdings, (ii) Fafinski Mark & Johnson, P.A., special Minnesota counsel to the Borrower and certain of the Guarantors, and (iii) Fenigstein & Kaufman, special California counsel to certain of the Guarantors, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, addressing such matters incident to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as the Administrative Agent reasonably may require.
(xi)Pledged Stock; Stock Powers; Pledged Notes. The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) any certificates representing the shares or other interests of Capital Stock of the Loan Parties pledged pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, together with an undated stock or other applicable transfer power for each such certificate executed in blank by a duly authorized officer of the pledgor thereof, and (ii) each promissory note (if any) pledged to the Administrative Agent by the Loan Parties pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, endorsed in blank (or accompanied by an executed transfer form in blank) by the pledgor thereof.
(xii)Filings, Registrations and Recordings. Each document (including any Uniform Commercial Code financing statement) required by the Security Documents or reasonably required by the Administrative Agent to be filed, registered or recorded in order to create in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a perfected Lien on the Collateral related to the Loan Parties described therein, prior and superior in right to any other Person (other than with respect to Liens expressly permitted by Section 7.3), shall be in proper form for filing, registration or recordation.
(xiii)Insurance. The Administrative Agent shall have received insurance certificates satisfying the requirements of Section 5.2(b) of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.
(xiv)Payoff Letter. The Administrative Agent shall have received copies of duly executed payoff letters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Administrative Agent, executed by each lender to the Loan Parties (or their representatives) not permitted under Section 7.3, together with (i) UCC-3 or other appropriate termination statements or releases, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Administrative Agent, releasing all Liens (other than Liens expressly permitted hereunder) upon any of the property of the Loan Parties, and (ii) any other releases, terminations or other documents reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent. In addition, the payoff letter for the Indebtedness outstanding under the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement shall be in form and substance satisfactory to Administrative Agent and shall be in agreed form (other than the final payoff amounts) as between Oak Street Funding LLC and the other parties thereto.
(xv)Financial Conditions. After giving effect to the closing of this Agreement, (i) since December 31, 2019, there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect and (ii) the Loan Parties on a consolidated basis shall be Solvent.
(xvi)Leverage Ratio. The Administrative Agent shall have received evidence in the form of a certificate from the chief financial officer or other Responsible Officer dated as of the
65


Closing Date and addressed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that, the Consolidated Senior Leverage Ratio (calculated as of March 31, 2020, after giving pro forma effect to the funding of the extensions of credit on the Closing Date) is not greater than 3.00:1:00.
(xvii)Financial Covenants. The Administrative Agent shall have received evidence that Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries are in pro forma compliance with the Financial Covenants set forth in Section 7.1 with respect to the most recently completed trailing twelve month period after giving effect to the funding of the extensions of credit on the Closing Date.
(xviii)No Revolving Loans. No Revolving Loans shall be outstanding on the Closing Date.
(xix)No Default. No Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the Closing Date or after giving effect to the extensions of credit requested to be made on the Closing Date.
(xx)Closing Certificate. The Administrative Agent shall have received an executed Closing Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit A.
(xxi)Patriot Act; Anti-Money Laundering Laws; Beneficial Ownership. The Administrative Agent shall have received all documentation and other information that the Administrative Agent or any Lender requests at least five (5) Business Days prior to the Closing Date in order to comply with its ongoing obligations under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the Patriot Act, and any Borrower that qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation shall deliver a Beneficial Ownership Certification in relation to such Borrower.
(xxii)Permitted IPO Related Documents. The Permitted IPO Restructuring (other than, at the election of the Borrower, the dissolution referenced in clause (f) of the definition thereof) has been consummated and the Qualified Public Offering of Holdings has been issued (or, concurrently with the effectiveness of this Agreement), each in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Permitted IPO Related Documents.
(xxiii)Contribution Agreements. The Administrative Agent shall have received fully executed copies of (i) that certain Contribution Agreement by and among Holdings, Trean Holdings, LLC and BIC and (ii) that certain Contribution Agreement by and among Holdings and Trean Compstar (clause (i) and (ii), the “Contribution Agreements”). The Contribution Agreements shall be in full force and effect.
(xxiv)Amendment to Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement. The Administrative Agent shall have received a copy of that certain Amendment to the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement, dated on or about the Closing Date, which such Amendment shall be in full force and effect.
(xxv)Additional Documents. The Administrative Agent shall have received such other documents, instruments and certificates as it reasonably may have requested.
66


b.Conditions to Each Extension of Credit Subsequent to the Closing Date
. The agreement of each Lender to make any extension of credit requested to be made by it on any date subsequent to the Closing Date, and of the Swingline Lender to make Swingline Loans, is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent (after giving effect to such extension of credit or such issuance, increase or extension of the expiration date):
(i)Representations and Warranties. Each of the representations and warranties made by any Loan Party in or pursuant to the Loan Documents shall be true and correct in all material respects (other than those representations and warranties that are expressly qualified by a Material Adverse Effect or other materiality qualification, in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all respects) on and as of such date as if made on and as of such date, except (i) for representations and warranties expressly stated to relate to a specific earlier date, in which case such representations and warranties shall remain true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date (other than those representations and warranties that are expressly qualified by a Material Adverse Effect or other materiality qualification, in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all respects as of such earlier date) and (ii) that for the purposes of this Section 5.2(a), the representations and warranties contained in Section 4.1(a) shall be deemed to refer to the most recent financial statements described in Section 4.1(a) or furnished pursuant to subsection (a) or (b), as applicable, of Section 6.1, as the case may be.
(ii)No Default. No Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on such date or after giving effect to the extensions of credit requested to be made on such date.
(iii)No Material Adverse Change. Since December 31, 2019, there shall have been no change, occurrence, development or condition that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(iv)Request for Credit Extension. The Administrative Agent and, if applicable, the Swingline Lender, shall have received a request for such extension of credit or such issuance, increase, or extension of the expiration date, in accordance with the requirements of this Agreement, including the delivery of a Notice of Revolving Borrowing or Notice of Swingline Borrowing, as applicable.
In addition to the other conditions precedent herein set forth, if any Lender is a Defaulting Lender at the time of and immediately after giving effect to any such extension of credit that is a Swingline Loan, the Swingline Lender will not be required to make any Swingline Loan unless the Swingline Lender is satisfied that any exposure that would result therefrom is fully covered or eliminated by the Borrower Cash Collateralizing the obligations of the Borrower in respect of such Swingline Loan in an amount at least equal to the aggregate amount of the obligations (contingent or otherwise) of such Defaulting Lender in respect of such Swingline Loan, or by the Borrower making other arrangements satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Swingline Lender in their good faith judgment to protect them against the risk of non-payment of such Defaulting Lender; provided, however, that no such Cash Collateralization will
67


constitute a waiver or release of any claim the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender or any other Revolving Lender may have against such Defaulting Lender, or cause such Defaulting Lender to be a Non-Defaulting Lender.
Each borrowing by the Borrower hereunder shall constitute a representation and warranty by the Borrower as of the date of such extension of credit that the conditions contained in this Section 5.2 have been satisfied.
Section 6.AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
Each of Holdings and the Borrower hereby agrees that, so long as any Commitments remain in effect or any Loan or other amount is owing to any Lender or the Administrative Agent hereunder, each of Holdings and the Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Restricted Subsidiaries to:
a.Financial Statements
. Furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender:
(i)as soon as available, but in any event within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of Holdings, a copy of the audited balance sheet of Holdings and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such year and the related statements of income, of shareholder’s equity and of cash flows for such year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, reported on without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception, or qualification arising out of the scope of the audit, by (i) Deloitte or (ii) other independent certified public accountants of nationally or regionally recognized standing or otherwise approved by the Administrative Agent, and a reconciliation excluding the assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and net income of Unrestricted Subsidiaries from such financial statements;
(ii)as soon as available, but in any event within forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal quarter of Holdings, the unaudited balance sheet of Holdings and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such quarter and the related unaudited statements of income, of shareholder’s equity and of cash flows for such quarter and the portion of the fiscal year through the end of such quarter, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for corresponding periods of the previous fiscal year and of the budget for the current fiscal year, including a reconciliation excluding the assets liabilities, revenue, expenses and net income of Unrestricted Subsidiaries from such financial statements, respectively, certified by a Responsible Officer as presenting fairly in all material respects the financial position of Holdings and its Subsidiaries as at such date;
(iii)as soon as available, but in any event within the time period set forth in the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement, a copy of the audited balance sheet of Compstar Holdco and its Subsidiaries as at the end of each fiscal year, in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement;
68


(iv)as soon as available, but in any event within the time period set forth in the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement, a copy of the unaudited balance sheet of Compstar Holdco and its Subsidiaries as at the end of each fiscal quarter, in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement;
(v)as soon as available, but in any event within thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar month thereafter (in each case, other than a month which is the last month of a fiscal quarter), a copy of the balance sheet of Holdings and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such month and the related unaudited statements of income and of cash flows for such month and for the portion of the fiscal year through the end of such month, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous year, including a reconciliation excluding the assets liabilities, revenue, expenses and net income of Unrestricted Subsidiaries from such financial statements, certified by a Responsible Officer as being fairly stated in all material respects;
All such financial statements shall be (x) provided on a consolidated basis, (y) complete and correct in all material respects, and (z) prepared in reasonable detail and in accordance with GAAP (subject, in the case of quarterly and monthly financial statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of notes thereto) applied consistently throughout the periods reflected therein and with prior periods (except as approved by such accountants and disclosed in reasonable detail therein).
b.Certificates; Other Information
. Furnish:
(i)to the Administrative Agent and each Lender concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Section 6.1(a), (i) a written statement of the independent certified public accountants reporting on such financial statements stating that in making the examination necessary therefor no knowledge was obtained of any Default or Event of Default in respect of the covenants set forth in Section 7.1, except as specified in such written statement (it being understood that such written statement shall be limited to the items that independent certified public accountants are permitted to cover in such written statements pursuant to their professional standards and practices) and (ii) updated insurance certificates, to the extent any insurance certificates previously delivered to the Administrative Agent contain incorrect or out-of-date information with respect to the insurance required pursuant to Section 6.5(b) hereof and Section 5.2 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement;
(ii)to the Administrative Agent and each Lender concurrently with the delivery of any financial statements pursuant to Section 6.1(a) and Section 6.1(b), (i) a certificate of a Responsible Officer stating that, to the best of such Responsible Officer’s knowledge, each Loan Party during such period has observed or performed all of its covenants and other agreements, and satisfied every condition contained in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party to be observed, performed or satisfied by it, and that such Responsible Officer has obtained no knowledge of any Default or Event of Default, in each case except as specified in such certificate, (ii)  a Compliance Certificate containing all information and calculations necessary for determining compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 7.1 as of the last
69


day of the fiscal quarter or fiscal year of Holdings, as the case may be and (iii) to the extent not previously disclosed to the Administrative Agent, a description of any change in the jurisdiction of organization or formation of any Loan Party and a list of any material Intellectual Property registrations or applications to register any material Intellectual Property within the United States, in each case acquired by any Loan Party since the date of the most recent report delivered pursuant to this clause (iii);
(iii)to the Administrative Agent and each Lender concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements pursuant to Section 6.1(a) and Section 6.1(b) a written analysis by the Borrower’s management of the results reflected in the financial statements furnished in respect of such period, including a comparative analysis of actual results relative to budget and the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year;
(iv)[reserved];
(v)to the Administrative Agent and each Lender as soon as available, and in any event no later than sixty (60) days after the beginning of each fiscal year of Holdings, a projected consolidated balance sheet of Holdings and its Subsidiaries as of the end of such fiscal year, together with a description of the underlying assumptions applicable thereto (and including a reconciliation excluding the assets liabilities, revenue, expenses and net income of Unrestricted Subsidiaries from such financial statements), and, as soon as available, significant revisions, if any, of such projections with respect to such fiscal year, and the related projected consolidated statements of income, cash flow and capital expenditures for such fiscal year (including a reconciliation excluding the assets liabilities, revenue, expenses and net income of Unrestricted Subsidiaries from such financial statements), which projections shall in each case be accompanied by a certificate of a Responsible Officer stating that such projections are based on estimates, information and assumptions believed to be reasonable;
(vi)to the Administrative Agent no later than five (5) Business Days after the effectiveness thereof, copies of substantially final drafts of any proposed amendment, supplement, waiver or other modification with respect to any Indebtedness of any Loan Party in a principal amount in excess of $250,000;
(vii)to the Administrative Agent within five (5) Business Days after the same are sent, copies of all financial statements and related reports that Holdings or the Borrower sends to the holders of any class of its debt securities or equity securities and, within ten (10) Business Days after the same are filed, copies of all financial statements and reports that Holdings or the Borrower may make to, or file with, the SEC, in each case, to the extent not already furnished under other provisions hereof;
(viii)to the Administrative Agent within five (5) Business Days after acquisition or creation of any Subsidiary of Holdings after the Closing Date, the information with respect to such Subsidiary as provided in Section 4.16;
(ix)to the Administrative Agent within five (5) Business Days after the receipt thereof, copies of each management letter, exception report, recommendation report or similar
70


letter or report received by any Group Member from its independent certified public accountants; and
(x)promptly to the Administrative Agent such additional information regarding the operations, business or financial condition of the Group Members as the Administrative Agent may from time to time reasonably request.
In addition to the written analysis by the Borrower’s management required by clause (c) above, the Borrower’s management, upon reasonable prior notice by the Administrative Agent at any reasonable time during normal business hours, shall participate in a teleconference with the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to discuss the results reflected in the financial statements furnished in respect of the previous quarter pursuant to Section 6.1(b).

c.Payment of Obligations
. Pay and discharge its obligations and liabilities as the same shall become due and payable, unless the same are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP are being maintained by the Borrower or other applicable Group Member, as follows: (i) all federal and material state income taxes, ad valorem and other taxes, assessments and governmental charges and levies imposed on the Collateral, and all other material tax liabilities, assessments and governmental charges and levies, (ii) all material claims that, if unpaid, would become a Lien (other than any Lien expressly permitted by Section 7.3) upon its Property, and (iii) all of its other obligations and liabilities, except where the nonpayment of any such other obligations and liabilities referred to in this clause (iii) could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
d.Maintenance of Existence; Compliance with Laws and Other Agreements
.
(i)(i) Preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect its organizational existence and (ii) take all reasonable action to maintain all rights, privileges and franchises necessary in the normal conduct of its business, except, in each case, as otherwise expressly permitted by Section 7.4 or 7.5, and except, in the case of clause (ii) above, to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(ii)Except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, maintain their respective business operations and property necessary for the operation thereof in compliance with (i) all applicable laws, regulations, rules, guidelines, ordinances, decrees, orders and other Requirements of Law, and (ii) all material agreements, licenses, franchises, indentures, deeds of trust, mortgages and other Contractual Obligations.
e.Maintenance of Property; Insurance
.
71


(i)Maintain and preserve (i) in good working order and condition, normal wear and tear and casualty excepted, all of its facilities and equipment necessary for the conduct of its business, (ii) all rights, permits, licenses, certificates, consents, registrations, accreditations, approvals, waivers, exemptions, contracts, provider or supplier agreements and privileges reasonably necessary in the conduct of its business, and (iii) all registered patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights and service marks with respect to its business, except where failure to maintain and preserve any of the foregoing could not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(ii)Maintain in full force and effect insurance (including liability insurance, product liability insurance, property/casualty insurance and workers’ compensation insurance) with financially sound and reputable insurance companies, in such amounts, and with such deductibles covering such risks, as are customarily carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar Properties, all such insurance in respect of the Collateral to be in form and amounts and having such coverage as may be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. Except to the extent it conflicts with the applicable real Property lease, the Administrative Agent shall be named as lenders loss payee or mortgagee, as its interests may appear, with respect to any property/casualty insurance providing coverage in respect of any Collateral, and the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall be named as additional insureds with respect to liability insurance coverages, and each provider of any such insurance shall agree, by endorsement upon the policy or policies issued by it or by independent instruments furnished to the Administrative Agent, that it will give the Administrative Agent thirty (30) days’ (or such shorter period as the Administrative Agent may approve) prior written notice before any such policy or policies shall be altered in any material respect or cancelled.
f.Inspection of Property; Books and Records; Discussions
. (i) Keep proper books of records and account in which full, true and correct entries in conformity with GAAP and all Requirements of Law shall be made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities and (ii) permit representatives of any Lender, at such Lender’s expense, (1) to visit and inspect any of its properties and examine and make abstracts from any of its books and records upon reasonable prior notice at any reasonable time during normal business hours and as often as may reasonably be desired, provided, however, that such activities shall be conducted without undue interference or interruption of the Group Members’ business and operations and each Lender shall coordinate its visit and inspection through the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, reasonable prior written notice thereof shall have been given to the Borrower and (2) to discuss the business, operations, properties and financial and other condition of the Group Members with senior officers of the Group Members and with their independent certified public accountants (so long as a representative of the Group Members has been afforded an opportunity to participate in such discussions).
g.Notices
72


. Promptly give notice to the Administrative Agent and each Lender of:
(i)the occurrence of any Default under this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, or any default or event of default under the Trean Indenture or any Subordinated Debt Documents;
(ii)any (i) default or event of default under any Contractual Obligation of any Group Member or (ii) litigation, investigation or proceeding that may exist at any time between any Group Member and any Governmental Authority, that in either case, if not cured or if not dismissed or terminated, as the case may be, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
(iii)the termination of any agreement between a Loan Party and a customer thereof, if such agreement within the most recent two (2) fiscal years has accounted, or was reasonably expected to account, for revenues in excess of 20% of the revenues of the Loan Parties on a consolidated basis during any period of twelve consecutive months;
(iv)any litigation or proceeding affecting any Group Member (i) in which the amount of damages sought from such Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) exceeds any applicable insurance coverage by $250,000, (ii) in which material injunctive or similar relief is sought or (iii) which relates to any Loan Document;
(v)the following events, as soon as possible and in any event within thirty (30) days after any Responsible Officer knows or has reason to know thereof: (i) the occurrence of any Reportable Event with respect to any Plan, a failure to make any required contribution to a Plan, the creation of any Lien in favor of the PBGC or a Plan or any withdrawal from, or the termination, Reorganization or Insolvency of, any Multiemployer Plan or (ii) the institution of proceedings or the taking of any other action by the PBGC or any Group Member (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) or any Commonly Controlled Entity or any Multiemployer Plan with respect to the withdrawal from, or the termination, Reorganization or Insolvency of, any Plan;
(vi)any material change in accounting or financial reporting practices by any Group Member;
(vii)any default or event of default with respect to any material indebtedness of Compstar or any of its Affiliates; and
(viii)any other development or event that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Each notice pursuant to this Section 6.7 shall be accompanied by a statement of a Responsible Officer setting forth details of the occurrence referred to therein and stating the action the relevant Group Member proposes to take with respect thereto.
h.Environmental Laws
.
73


(i)Comply with all applicable Environmental Laws, and obtain and comply with and maintain any and all licenses, approvals, notifications, registrations or permits required by applicable Environmental Laws, except where, either individually or in the aggregate, such failure with respect to any of the foregoing could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(ii)Conduct and complete all investigations, studies, sampling and testing, and all remedial, removal and other actions, required under Environmental Laws, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and promptly comply in all material respects with all lawful orders and directives of all Governmental Authorities regarding such Environmental Laws; provided, however, that no violation of this paragraph (b) shall be deemed to have occurred if the applicable Group Member promptly challenges in good faith any such order or directive of any Governmental Authority in a manner consistent with all applicable Environmental Laws and pursues such challenge or challenges diligently, and the pendency of such challenges, in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
i.Additional Collateral, etc.

(i)With respect to any Properties acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party (including by Division or otherwise) (other than Real Estate Assets, any property described in paragraph (c) below, or any property subject to a Lien expressly permitted by Section 7.3(g) or (i)), as to which the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, does not have a perfected Lien, promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such amendments or supplements, as applicable, to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or such other documents as the Administrative Agent in good faith deems necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a security interest in such Property and (ii) take all actions as the Administrative Agent in good faith deems necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a perfected first priority security interest in such Property, including the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements in such jurisdictions as may be required by the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or by law or as may in good faith be requested by the Administrative Agent.
(ii)With respect to any Material Real Estate Asset acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party, promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent a Mortgage Instrument for such Material Real Estate Asset and take all other actions as the Administrative Agent in good faith deems necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a perfected first priority security interest in such Material Real Estate Asset, and (ii) execute, as applicable, and deliver to the Administrative Agent the other documents and items required by Section 6.13 with respect to such Material Real Estate Asset.
(iii)With respect to any new Subsidiary (other than (x) any Foreign Subsidiary, (y) any Subsidiary designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein, or (z) any Subsidiary with respect to which the Administrative Agent
74


shall reasonably agree that the cost of taking the steps set forth in this clause (c) will exceed the benefit to the Lenders to be afforded thereby) created or acquired (including by Division or otherwise) after the Closing Date by Holdings or any of its Domestic Subsidiaries (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary), promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such supplements or amendments to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement as the Administrative Agent in good faith deems necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a perfected first priority security interest in the Capital Stock of such new Subsidiary that is owned by Holdings or any of its Domestic Subsidiaries, (ii) deliver to the Administrative Agent any certificates representing such Capital Stock, together with undated stock or other applicable transfer powers, in blank, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of Holdings or any such Domestic Subsidiary, (iii) cause such new Subsidiary to (A) become a party to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, (B) take such actions as the Administrative Agent in good faith deems necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Lenders a perfected first priority security interest in the Collateral described in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement in which such new Subsidiary has an interest, including the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements in such jurisdictions as may be required by the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or by law or as may in good faith be requested by the Administrative Agent and (C) deliver to the Administrative Agent a perfection certificate of such Subsidiary in form reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, duly executed on behalf of such Subsidiary, and (iv) if requested by the Administrative Agent, deliver to the Administrative Agent legal opinions relating to the matters described above, which opinions shall be in form and substance substantially similar to the legal opinions delivered pursuant to Section 5.1(j) and otherwise in form and substance, and from counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
(iv)With respect to any new first-tier Foreign Subsidiary (other than (x) any Subsidiary designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein, or (y) any Subsidiary with respect to which the Administrative Agent shall reasonably agree that the cost of taking the steps set forth in this clause (d) will exceed the benefit to the Lenders to be afforded thereby) created or acquired (including by Division or otherwise) after the Closing Date by Holdings or any of its Subsidiaries (other than by any Group Member that is (x) a Foreign Subsidiary, (y) an Unrestricted Subsidiary), promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such supplements or amendments to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement as the Administrative Agent in good faith deems necessary to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a perfected first priority security interest in the Capital Stock of such new Subsidiary that is owned by any such Group Member (provided that in each case such pledge shall be limited to 66% of the outstanding voting Capital Stock of any Foreign Subsidiary), (ii) deliver to the Administrative Agent any certificates representing such Capital Stock, together with undated stock or other applicable transfer powers, in blank, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of Holdings or such relevant Subsidiary, as the case may be, and take such other action as the Administrative Agent in good faith deems necessary to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein, and (iii) if requested by the Administrative Agent, deliver to the Administrative Agent legal opinions relating to the matters described above, which opinions shall be in form and substance substantially similar to
75


the legal opinions delivered pursuant to Section 5.1(j) and otherwise in form and substance, and from counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
j.Field Audit
. Cooperate with the Administrative Agent and its employees, agents, and third party audit firms, in the completion of field audits of accounts, inventory and equipment of the Group Members (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries), such field audits to be conducted at the request of the Administrative Agent or Required Lenders not more frequently than once per fiscal year (or any time upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default), with each such field audit to be conducted in a manner reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, and with all reasonable fees and expenses actually incurred thereof (not to exceed $15,000 per audit) to be paid by the Borrower.
k.Use of Proceeds
. (i) Use the proceeds of the Loans for the purposes set forth in Section 4.17, and in no event for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U of the Board), or to extend credit to others for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any such margin stock and (ii) use the proceeds of any Qualified Initial Public Offering of Holdings for the purposes, and in the order, set forth in Section 4.17.
l.Primary Depository Banking Relationships; Cash Management
.
(i)As soon as practicable but in no event later than ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, establish and maintain, and cause each of the other Loan Parties to establish and maintain, with First Horizon Bank their respective primary depository banking relationships, including all of their deposit accounts.
(ii)Each Loan Party, including without limitation any Loan Parties acquired or formed after the Closing Date in connection with a Permitted Acquisition or otherwise, shall, within a reasonable period of time after formation or the closing of such acquisition (but in no event longer than ninety (90) days), (i) establish and maintain, with First Horizon Bank their respective primary depository banking relationships, including all of their deposit accounts or (ii) to the extent such accounts are not required to be maintained at First Horizon Bank pursuant to clause (a) above, enter into, and cause each depository, securities intermediary or commodities intermediary to enter into, a deposit account control agreement with respect to each deposit, securities, commodity or similar account maintained by such Loan Party at any other financial institution (other than (x) any payroll account so long as such payroll account is a zero balance account or is funded no earlier than the Business Day immediately prior to the date of any payroll disbursements and in an amount not exceeding the same, (y) petty cash accounts, amounts on deposit in which do not exceed $50,000 in the aggregate at any one time and (z) withholding tax and fiduciary accounts (such excluded accounts, “Excluded Accounts”).
76


m.Real Estate Items.
To the extent not delivered to the Administrative Agent on the Initial Closing Date, deliver to the Administrative Agent within ninety (90) days following the Initial Closing Date (or such extended period of time as reasonably agreed to by the Administrative Agent), in the case of each Leasehold Property that (i) is the location of a chief executive office of any Loan Party (other than (x) 430 N. Vineyard Ave, Suite 200, 260 & 280, Ontario, CA 91764 and (y) 2029 Village Lane, Suite 200, Solvang, CA 93463), (ii) contains books and records or (iii) contains Collateral valued in excess of $50,000, a Landlord Agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Administrative Agent;
n.Unrestricted Subsidiaries. To the extent agreed upon in writing by the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders and subject to terms and conditions satisfactory to the Required Lenders, the Borrower may designate any Restricted Subsidiary of Holdings acquired or formed after the Closing Date as an Unrestricted Subsidiary or any Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, that, (i) immediately before and after such designation, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom, (ii) immediately before and after giving effect to such designation, the Borrower shall be in compliance on a pro forma basis with the covenants set forth in Section 7.1, recomputed for the most recent Reference Period for which financial statements have been delivered (or are required to have been delivered), (iii) no Subsidiary may be designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary if it is a “Restricted Subsidiary” (or other similar term) under any Subordinated Indebtedness or any other material Indebtedness, (iv) no Restricted Subsidiary may be designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary if such Subsidiary is a Loan Party or directly or indirectly owns any stock of, or holds a Lien on, any property of, Borrower, any Loan Party or any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary to be so designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, (v) no Restricted Subsidiary may be designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary if such Subsidiary owns (and no Loan Party or Restricted Subsidiary may transfer to any Unrestricted Subsidiary) any Intellectual Property of the Loan Parties, (vi) Borrower shall deliver to Administrative Agent at least five (5) Business Days prior to such designation a certificate of a Responsible Officer of Borrower, demonstrating compliance with the foregoing clauses (i) through (v) of this Section 6.14 and, if applicable, certifying that such Subsidiary meets the requirements of an “Unrestricted Subsidiary” and (vii) at least ten (10) days prior to the designation of any Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, the Lenders shall have received all documentation and other information required by bank regulatory authorities under applicable “know-your-customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the USA Patriot Act, with respect to such Subsidiary. The designation of any Subsidiary as an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall constitute an Investment by the Loan Parties therein at the date of designation, in an amount equal to the fair market value of the applicable Loan Parties’ Investment in such Subsidiary; provided, that, upon a designation of such Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary (including by means of a transfer of assets of an Unrestricted Subsidiary to a Restricted Subsidiary or a combination of an Unrestricted Subsidiary with a Restricted Subsidiary in which the Restricted Subsidiary survives), the Loan Parties shall be deemed to continue to have a permanent Investment in an Unrestricted Subsidiary in an amount (if positive) equal to (i) the lesser of (A) the fair market value of the
77


Investments of the Loan Parties and their Restricted Subsidiaries in such Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time of such designation, combination or transfer (or of the assets transferred or conveyed, as applicable) and (B) the fair market value of Investments of the Loan Parties and their Restricted Subsidiaries made in connection with the designation of such Restricted Subsidiary as an Unrestricted Subsidiary minus (ii) the portion (proportionate to the Loan Parties’ and their Subsidiaries’ Capital Stock in such resulting Restricted Subsidiary) of the fair market value of the net assets of such Restricted Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation, combination or transfer (or of the assets transferred or conveyed, as applicable). The designation of any Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary shall constitute the incurrence or making, as applicable, at the time of designation of any Investments, Indebtedness or Liens of such Subsidiary existing at such time. An Unrestricted Subsidiary that has subsequently been designated as a Restricted Subsidiary may not be redesignated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary.
o.Other Post-Closing Matters
. Deliver to the Administrative Agent each item listed on Schedule 6.15 prior to the deadline (which deadline may be extended by the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion) therefor as set forth on said schedule.
p.Further Assurances
. At the request of the Administrative Agent, execute any and all further documents, financing statements, agreements and instruments, and take all such further actions (including the filing and recording of financing statements and other documents), that may be required under any applicable law, or that the Administrative Agent may otherwise reasonably request, to effect the transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents or to grant, preserve, protect or perfect the Liens created or intended to be created by the Security Documents or the validity or intended priority of any such Liens, all at the expense of the Loan Parties.
Section 7.NEGATIVE COVENANTS
Each of Holdings and each other Borrower hereby agrees that, so long as any Commitments remain in effect or any Loan or other amount (other than contingent indemnification obligations not yet due and payable) is owing to any Lender or the Administrative Agent hereunder, neither Holdings nor the Borrower shall, or shall permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:
a.Financial Condition Covenants
.
(i)Consolidated Senior Leverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Senior Leverage Ratio as at the end of any fiscal quarter of Holdings ending on or after June 30, 2020 to exceed the applicable ratio set forth below opposite such fiscal quarter:
78



Fiscal Quarter Ending
Consolidated
Senior Leverage Ratio
December 31, 2020 through March 31, 2021 4.00 to 1.00
June 30, 2021 through March 31, 2022 3.75 to 1.00
June 30, 2022 through March 31, 2023 3.50 to 1.00
June 30, 2023 through March 31, 2024 3.25 to 1.00
June 30, 2024 and each fiscal quarter thereafter 3.00 to 1.00


(ii)Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio as at the end of any fiscal quarter of Holdings ending on or after September 30, 2020 to be less than 1.20:1.00.
(iii)Cure Right. In the event that the Borrower fails to comply with one or both of the financial covenants set forth in this Section 7.1 for any fiscal quarter, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower shall have the right (the “Cure Right”), until the expiration of the tenth (10th) Business Day subsequent to the date the applicable financial statements are required to be delivered for such fiscal quarter, to obtain an equity contribution, in cash, in an aggregate amount equal to, but not in excess of, the amount necessary to cure the breach, Default or Event of Default in connection with the relevant financial covenant (the “Specified Equity Contribution”) if such Specified Equity Contribution constituted Consolidated EBITDA for purposes of determining compliance with such financial covenants, and upon the receipt by the Borrower of the cash proceeds thereof, the financial covenants shall then be recalculated giving effect to the following pro forma adjustments: (i) Consolidated EBITDA shall be deemed to be increased for the applicable fiscal quarter and for the subsequent three consecutive fiscal quarters by an amount equal to the Specified Equity Contribution and paid over to the Administrative Agent for application to the Obligations in accordance with Section 2.11; (ii) the mandatory prepayment of the Obligations made with respect to such Specified Equity Contribution shall not serve as: (A) a reduction or increase to Excess Cash Flow or (B) a reduction to Indebtedness for purposes of calculating the Consolidated Senior Leverage Ratio or the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for the applicable fiscal quarter and the subsequent three consecutive fiscal quarters; (iii) if, after giving effect to the foregoing recalculations, the Borrower shall then be in compliance with the requirements of all financial covenants in this Section 7.1, the Borrower shall be deemed to have been in compliance with such financial covenants as of the relevant date of determination with the same effect as though there had been no failure to comply therewith at such date, and the applicable breach, Default or Event of Default in connection with such financial covenants that had occurred shall be deemed not to have occurred for this purpose of this Agreement; and (iv) the deemed increase in Consolidated EBITDA pursuant to clause (i) above shall be for the sole purpose of measuring the financial covenants and not for any other purpose under this Agreement including determining availability under any covenant basket or determining any ability to consummate any Permitted Acquisition. In the event that: (i) no Default or Event of Default exists other than that arising due to failure of the Borrower to comply with the financial covenants set forth in this Section 7.1, and (ii) the Borrower shall have
79


delivered to Administrative Agent written notice of its intention to exercise the Cure Right (which notice shall be delivered no earlier than fifteen (15) days prior to, and no later than the fifth (5th) day subsequent to, the date the applicable financial statements are required to be delivered for the applicable fiscal quarter hereunder), which exercise if fully consummated would be sufficient in accordance with the terms hereof to cause the Borrower to be in compliance with the financial covenants as of the relevant date of determination, then from and following receipt by Administrative Agent of any such notice and until the date that is the earlier of: (x) the tenth (10th) Business Day subsequent to the date the applicable financial statements are required to be delivered and (y) the date, if any, on which the Borrower notifies the Administrative Agent in writing that such Cure Right shall not be exercised (such period referred to herein as the “Financial Covenant Standstill Period”), then neither Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall exercise any remedies set forth in Section 8, exercise any rights with respect to the Collateral or exercise any other remedies available to such parties under the Loan Documents or otherwise during such period; provided that (A) there shall be no limitation upon the ability of Administrative Agent or the Lenders to exercise remedies if a Default or Event of Default other than one arising by reason of the breach of the financial covenants has occurred and is continuing during the Financial Covenant Standstill Period and (B) during the Financial Covenant Standstill Period, the Borrower shall not be permitted to borrow Loans hereunder or otherwise take actions hereunder that may only be taken when no Default or Event of Default then exists. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event shall the Borrower be permitted to exercise the Cure Right hereunder (x) more than two (2) times in any four consecutive fiscal quarters, (y) in any two (2) consecutive fiscal quarters, or (z) more than four (4) times in the aggregate during the term of this Agreement.
b.Indebtedness
. Create, issue, incur, assume, become liable in respect of or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except:
(i)Indebtedness of any Loan Party pursuant to any Loan Document;
(ii)Indebtedness of the Borrower to any Guarantor and of any Guarantor to the Borrower or any other Guarantor;
(iii)Indebtedness outstanding on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 7.2(c) and any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness incurred in respect thereof;
(iv)Purchase Money Debt and Capital Lease Obligations incurred after the Closing Date (whether unsecured or secured by Liens permitted by Section 7.3(g)) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $250,000 at any one time outstanding;
(v)Indebtedness (i) of any Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary after the Closing Date or (ii) assumed by any Group Member in connection with any acquisition of assets after the Closing Date, in each case in a transaction expressly permitted by this Agreement, provided that (A) such Indebtedness exists at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, or such assets are acquired, and is not created in contemplation of or in connection
80


with such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary or in connection with such acquisition, as the case may be, and (B) the aggregate principal amount of all such Indebtedness shall not exceed $250,000 at any one time outstanding; in each case together with any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness of the same obligor in respect thereof;
(vi)unsecured Indebtedness of the Borrower incurred pursuant to the Trean Indenture; provided, that, (i) such Indebtedness is subordinated pursuant to the terms of the Trean Indenture and (ii) the Obligations of the Loan Parties shall at all times constitute “Senior Indebtedness” (as such term is defined in the Trean Indenture);
(vii)unsecured Indebtedness of any Group Member owing to any seller as payment of the purchase price of a Permitted Acquisition, which Indebtedness qualifies as Subordinated Indebtedness and has a maturity date after and prohibits any cash payment (other than, subject to appropriate subordination provisions, regularly scheduled interest payments) prior to the first anniversary of the Revolving Termination Date or the Term Loan Maturity Date, provided that the aggregate principal amount of all such Indebtedness shall not exceed $500,000 at any one time outstanding;
(viii)contingent liabilities of any Group Member in respect of any customary purchase price adjustment, earn-out provision, non-competition or consulting agreement or deferred compensation agreement, or other indemnity obligations in each case owing to the seller or any Affiliate thereof or officers or directors of any of them in connection with any Permitted Acquisition;
(ix)obligations (contingent or otherwise) of any Group Member existing or arising under any Swap Agreement permitted under Section 7.11;
(x)Indebtedness (i) resulting from a bank or other financial institution honoring a check, draft or similar instrument in the ordinary course of business or (ii) arising under or in connection with cash management services in the ordinary course of business;
(xi)Guarantee Obligations of a Loan Party resulting from such Loan Party guaranteeing Indebtedness of another Loan Party permitted under this Section 7.2 (provided that, in the case of any guaranteed Subordinated Indebtedness, such Guarantee Obligations are subordinated on terms consistent with those provided with respect to such guaranteed Subordinated Indebtedness);
(xii)Indebtedness, if any, secured by Liens permitted under clause (c) or (d) of Section 7.3;
(xiii)unsecured Indebtedness of any Group Member owing to any director, officer, employee or consultant of a Group Member in connection with the repurchase of Capital Stock of Holdings owned by any such Person upon termination of such Person’s relationship with the applicable Group Member in connection with the exercise of stock options, stock appreciation rights or similar equity incentives or equity-based incentives pursuant to management incentive plans, which Indebtedness qualifies as Subordinated Indebtedness and has a maturity date after
81


and prohibits any cash payment (other than, subject to appropriate subordination provisions, regularly scheduled interest payments and payments that would be permitted pursuant to Section 7.6(d)) prior to the first anniversary of the Revolving Termination Date or the Term Loan Maturity Date, provided that the aggregate principal amount of all such Indebtedness shall not exceed $500,000 at any one time outstanding;
(xiv)additional Indebtedness not described in the preceding clauses of this Section 7.2 in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $250,000 at any one time outstanding; and
(xv)Indebtedness of Compstar Holdco and Compstar outstanding as of the Closing Date under the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement.
c.Liens
. Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, except:
(i)Liens for taxes not yet due and payable or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, provided that adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the Group Members in conformity with GAAP;
(ii)landlord’s, carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other like Liens arising in the ordinary course of business that are not overdue for a period of more than ninety (90) days or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings;
(iii)pledges or deposits in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security legislation;
(iv)deposits and other liens to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts (other than for borrowed money), leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business;
(v)easements, rights-of-way, conditions, restrictions and other similar encumbrances incurred in the ordinary course of business (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes covenants running with the land) that, in the aggregate, are not substantial in amount and that do not in any case materially detract from the value of any material property subject thereto or materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Group Members;
(vi)Liens in existence on the date hereof listed on Schedule 7.3(f), securing Indebtedness permitted by Section 7.2(c), and Liens securing any refinancings, refundings, replacement, renewals or extensions thereof, in whole or in part, provided that no such Lien is extended to cover any additional property after the Closing Date and that the amount of Indebtedness secured thereby is not increased;
(vii)Liens securing Purchase Money Debt or Capital Lease Obligations provided that (i) such Liens are created within thirty (30) days after the acquisition of the subject property, and (ii) such Liens do not at any time encumber any property other than the property so financed;
82


(viii)Liens created pursuant to the Security Documents;
(ix)any Lien existing on any property or asset prior to the acquisition thereof by a Group Member or existing on any property or asset of any Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary after the Closing Date prior to the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that (x) such Lien is not created in contemplation of or in connection with such acquisition or such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, (y) such Lien shall not apply to any other property or assets of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, and (z) such Lien shall secure only Indebtedness that is expressly permitted pursuant to Section 7.2(e) on the date of such acquisition or the date such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, and any refinancings, refundings, replacements, renewals or extensions thereof, in whole or in part, as permitted by Section 7.2(e);
(x)Liens for the benefit of the seller deemed to attach solely because of the existence of cash deposits and attaching solely to cash deposits made in connection with any letter of intent or acquisition or purchase agreement with respect to any Permitted Acquisition;
(xi)Liens securing judgments (including judgment or appeal bonds) so long as the judgment so secured does not otherwise give rise to an Event of Default under Section 8(h) or result in any levy or other execution with respect to any of the Collateral;
(xii)normal and customary rights of setoff or bankers’ liens upon deposits of cash in favor of banks or other depository institutions;
(xiii)Liens not otherwise permitted by the preceding clauses of this Section 7.3 so long as neither (i) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the obligations secured thereby nor (ii) the aggregate fair market value (determined as of the date such Lien is incurred) of the assets subject thereto, exceeds (as to all Group Members) $250,000 at any one time;
(xiv)Lien resulting from a pledge by Trean Compstar of 100% of the Capital Stock of Compstar Holdco (including the proceeds thereof) in favor of Oak Street Funding LLC pursuant to the Trean Compstar Pledge Agreements; and
(xv)Lien resulting from security interests granted by Compstar Holdco and Compstar in favor of Oak Street Funding LLC pursuant to the “Credit Documents” (as defined in the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement) as in effect on the Closing Date;
provided, that the pledge and Liens referenced clauses (n) and (o) are discharged, terminated and released, in each case, promptly upon receipt of the proceeds of a Qualified Initial Public Offering of Holdings.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Borrower nor any other Group Member shall grant any Lien on any of its Property that is otherwise expressly permitted by this Section 7.3 as security for any Subordinated Indebtedness, unless the Borrower or such Group Member, as the case may be, has granted through documentation in form and substance consistent with the Security Documents or otherwise reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, for the
83


ratable benefit of the Lenders, a perfected Lien on such Property as security for the Obligations that is in all respects prior and senior in priority to such Lien granted as security for such Subordinated Indebtedness.
d.Fundamental Changes
. Enter into any transaction of merger, consolidation or amalgamation, or liquidate, wind up or dissolve itself (or suffer any liquidation or dissolution), or Dispose of all or substantially all of its property or business, except that:
(i)any Subsidiary of Holdings (other than the Borrower) may be merged or consolidated with or into the Borrower (provided that the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving corporation) or with or into any other Restricted Subsidiary (provided that if either such Subsidiary is a Guarantor, the continuing or surviving entity shall be or become a Guarantor);
(ii)any Restricted Subsidiary of Holdings (other than the Borrower) (i) may Dispose of any or all of its assets to the Borrower or any Guarantor (upon voluntary liquidation, dissolution or otherwise) or (ii) make Dispositions expressly permitted by Section 7.5;
(iii)any Restricted Subsidiary of Holdings (other than the Borrower) may liquidate, wind up its affairs or dissolve; provided, however, that if Holdings does not own, directly or indirectly, all of the Capital Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary, any Disposition of property allocated or to be distributed to a Person that is not a Loan Party shall be otherwise permitted under Section 7.5; and
(iv)any Investment expressly permitted by Section 7.7 and any Disposition expressly permitted by Section 7.5 may be structured as a merger, consolidation or amalgamation.
e.Disposition of Property
. Dispose of any of its Property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or, in the case of any Restricted Subsidiary, issue or sell any shares of such Restricted Subsidiary’s Capital Stock to any Person, except:
(i)the Disposition of damaged, obsolete, worn-out or surplus property in the ordinary course of business;
(ii)the sale of inventory in the ordinary course of business;
(iii)Dispositions expressly permitted by Section 7.4(a), by clause (i) of Section 7.4(b) or Section 7.4(e);
(iv)the sale or issuance of (i) any Restricted Subsidiary’s Capital Stock to the Borrower or any Guarantor, (ii) the Borrower’s Capital Stock to Holdings and (iii) of Holdings’ Capital Stock;
84


(v)the Disposition of Cash Equivalents;
(vi)Dispositions constituting (i) Investments otherwise expressly permitted pursuant to Section 7.7, and (ii) Restricted Payments expressly permitted pursuant to Section 7.6;
(vii)the discount or write-off of accounts receivable overdue by more than 120 days or the sale of any such account receivables for the purpose of collection to any collection agency, in each case in the ordinary course of business;
(viii)the Disposition of the Capital Stock of Compstar Holdco so long as the net cash proceeds thereof are applied to the prepayment of the Term Loans;
(ix)the Disposition of other Properties not subject to a Mortgage Instrument having a fair market value not to exceed $250,000 in the aggregate for any fiscal year of Holdings (exclusive of any Reinvestment Deferred Amounts arising in such fiscal year); and
(x)the Disposition of Capital Stock in, or Indebtedness or other securities of, an Unrestricted Subsidiary.
f.Restricted Payments
. Declare or pay any dividends or distributions (other than dividends or distributions payable solely in Qualified Capital Stock of the Person paying or making such dividends or distributions) on, or make any payment on account of, or set apart assets for a sinking or other analogous fund for, the purchase, redemption, defeasance, retirement or other acquisition of any Capital Stock, the Trean Indenture or any Subordinated Indebtedness of any Group Member, whether now or hereafter outstanding, or make any other payment or distribution in respect thereof, either directly or indirectly, whether in cash or property or in obligations of any Group Member (collectively, “Restricted Payments”), except:
(i)any Subsidiary may make Restricted Payments to the Borrower or any Guarantor;
(ii)the Borrower may make payments (in the form of cash, additional Subordinated Indebtedness or otherwise) on any Subordinated Indebtedness (not including the Trean Indenture), to the extent any such payment is permitted by the terms of the Subordinated Debt Documents applicable to such Subordinated Indebtedness;
(iii)So long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, a Permitted Joint Venture may make Restricted Payments to its joint venture partners from time to time so long as such Restricted Payments are made on a pro rata basis with the Group Member that is a joint venture partner;
(iv)the Borrower may, or may make distributions to Holdings so that Holdings may, repurchase Capital Stock of Holdings, as applicable, owned by any director, officer, employee or consultant of a Group Member or make cash payments to any director, officer, employee or consultant of a Group Member upon termination of such Person’s relationship with the applicable Group Member in connection with the exercise of stock options, stock appreciation
85


rights or similar equity incentives or equity-based incentives pursuant to management incentive plans, provided all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1)no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would arise as a result of such Restricted Payment;
(2)after giving effect to such Restricted Payment, Holdings is in compliance on a pro forma basis with the covenants set forth in Section 7.1, recomputed for the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been delivered; and
(3)the aggregate Restricted Payments permitted pursuant to this clause (d) in any fiscal year of Holdings shall not exceed $500,000;
(v)the Borrower may make required scheduled payments of interest under the Trean Indenture, provided all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1)no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would arise as a result of such Restricted Payment;
(2)after giving effect to such Restricted Payment, Borrower is in compliance on a pro forma basis with the covenants set forth in Section 7.1, recomputed for the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been delivered; and
(3)the aggregate Restricted Payments permitted pursuant to this clause (e) in any fiscal year of Holdings shall not exceed $400,000;
(vi)[reserved];
(vii)to the extent Trean Compstar is treated as a pass-through or disregarded entity for federal and state income tax purposes, Trean Compstar may make distributions to Holdings and, to the extent Holdings is taxed as a partnership,  Holdings may make distributions to its equityholders (collectively, “Tax Distributions”) attributable to the taxable income of Trean Compstar and/or Holdings, as applicable; provided, that the amount of such Tax Distribution for any taxable year shall not be greater than the taxable income of Holdings attributable to Trean Compstar and Holdings for such taxable year multiplied by the combined maximum marginal federal, state and local income tax rates applicable to individuals for such taxable year;
(viii)Borrower may make Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments, provided all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1)no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would arise as a result of such Specified Shareholder Bonus Payment;
(2)after giving effect to such Specified Shareholder Bonus Payment, Borrower is in compliance on a pro forma basis with the covenants set forth in
86


Section 7.1, recomputed for the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been delivered;
(3)the aggregate Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments permitted pursuant to this clause (h) in any fiscal year of Holdings shall not exceed $765,000; provided, that to the extent any Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments are not permitted to be paid pursuant to the preceding clauses (i) through (ii), the cap referenced in this clause (iii) shall be increased in any subsequent fiscal year or fiscal years of Holdings only by the amount of such Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments that Borrower shall elect and otherwise be permitted to pay in such fiscal year or fiscal years; and
(4)to the extent the Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments are documented in an agreement with any shareholder and the Borrower, such agreement shall be subordinated to the Obligations subject to a Specified Shareholder Subordination Agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;
(ix)the First Amended and Restated Closing Date Distribution;
(x)after receipt of the proceeds of the Qualified Initial Public Offering of Holdings, Borrower may make the following Restricted Payments with such proceeds:
(1) redeem an amount equal to the aggregate outstanding amount of the Subordinated Indebtedness outstanding under the Trean Indenture; and
(2) at the Borrower’s option, make a one-time payment to Altaris Capital Partners, LLC in connection with the termination of the Sponsor Management Agreement and management arrangements with BIC and/or its Subsidiaries in an amount not to exceed the sum of (x) 1.0% of the enterprise value of Holdings (calculated by reference to the initial public offering price) and (y) $1,500,000; provided, that, each of the following conditions shall have been satisfied prior to making such Restricted Payment in this clause (ii): (A) no Default or Event of Default then exists or would arise as a result of such Restricted Payment, (B) after giving effect to such Restricted Payment, the Loan Parties are in compliance on a pro forma basis with the covenants set forth in Section 7.1, recomputed for the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been delivered; provided, that when calculating the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for purposes of assessing Holdings’ pro forma compliance with Section 7.1(b) (for the avoidance of doubt in the context of the payment of a Restricted Payment pursuant to this clause (ii) only), the amount of such Restricted Payment shall be deducted from Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, (C) any portion of the amount of this Restricted Payment set forth in this clause (ii) shall not be deducted from Consolidated EBITDA for purposes of any calculation of Excess Cash Flow for any period, (D) there shall be no more than one such Restricted Payment during the term of this Agreement and (E) Administrative
87


Agent shall have received a certificate from a Responsible Officer of the Borrower certifying as to the foregoing clauses (A) through (D).
g.Investments
. On or after the Closing Date, make any Investment except:
(i)extensions of trade credit in the ordinary course of business;
(ii)Investments in Cash Equivalents;
(iii)Guarantee Obligations permitted by Section 7.2;
(iv)intercompany Investments by any Group Member in the Borrower or any Guarantor;
(v)Investments constituting Permitted Acquisitions;
(vi)any Investments received as non-cash consideration for sales, transfers, leases and other Dispositions otherwise expressly permitted by Section 7.5 not to exceed $250,000 at any time outstanding;
(vii)Investments received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of, or settlement of delinquent accounts with, customers and suppliers, in each case in the ordinary course of business;
(viii)payroll, travel and similar advances to employees and loans to employees made in the ordinary course of business and that do not exceed $100,000 in the aggregate at any one time outstanding;
(ix)Investments in the form of Swap Agreements permitted under Section 7.2(i);
(x)Investments by the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in Permitted Joint Ventures in an aggregate amount not to exceed $250,000 at any time outstanding;
(xi)in addition to Investments otherwise expressly permitted by this Section 7.7, Investments by Holdings or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount not to exceed $300,000;
(xii)after receipt of the proceeds of the Qualified Initial Public Offering of Holdings and after such proceeds have been used to make the payments required to be made prior to such Investments pursuant to Section 4.17 in full and in the order set forth in Section 4.17, Investments by Holdings or any Restricted Subsidiary in Unrestricted Subsidiaries (x) from such proceeds, in connection with the acquisition previously described to the Administrative Agent and code-named “Project Lantern” in an aggregate amount not to exceed $12,000,000 and (y) otherwise in an aggregate amount not to exceed $250,000;
88


(xiii)[reserved]; and
(xiv)after receipt of the proceeds of the Qualified Initial Public Offering of Holdings and after such proceeds have been used to make the payments required to be made prior to such Investments pursuant to Section 4.17, in full and in the order set forth in Section 4.17, Investments with such proceeds in Benchmark, or any of its Subsidiaries, (i) in order to fund the redemption of up to $6,000,000 aggregate liquidation preference of the Series B Nonconvertible Preferred Stock of Benchmark and/or the redemption of up to $400,000 aggregate liquidation preference of the Nonconvertible Preferred Stock of American Liberty Insurance Company and (ii) otherwise in an aggregate amount not to exceed $70,000,000.
h.Modifications of Certain Instruments
. Except with the prior written consent of Required Lenders (and, to the extent any such amendment, modification, waiver or other change would affect the rights, duties, obligations or liabilities of the Administrative Agent pursuant to any such documents, the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent), designate any Indebtedness (other than Obligations as provided in the Loan Documents) as “Senior Debt” (or any other defined term having a similar purpose) for the purposes of any Subordinated Debt Documents.
i.Transactions with Affiliates
. Enter into any transaction, including any purchase, sale, lease or exchange of property, the rendering of any service or the payment of any management, advisory or similar fees, with any Affiliate (including, for the avoidance of doubt, all Benchmark Entities and Compstar) (other than the Borrower or any Guarantor) unless such transaction is existing as of the Closing Date and specified on Schedule 7.9 or is otherwise expressly permitted under this Agreement, or in the ordinary course of business of the relevant Group Member, and upon fair and reasonable terms not less favorable in any material respect to the relevant Group Member than it would obtain in a comparable arm’s length transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Holdings and its Restricred Subsidiaries may:
(i)[reserved];
(ii)make Restricted Payments permitted pursuant to Section 7.6 and Investments permitted pursuant to Section 7.7;
(iii)pay reasonable and customary compensation to officers, directors, consultants, managers and employees of Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and
(iv)pay the applicable Benchmark Entities under the BIC/Trean Agreement, provided all of the following conditions are satisfied:
i.no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would arise as a result of such payments; and
89


ii.after giving effect to such payments, Loan Parties are in compliance on a pro forma basis with the covenants set forth in Section 7.1, recomputed for the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been delivered.
j.Sales and Leasebacks
. Enter into any arrangement with any Person providing for the leasing by any Group Member of real or personal property that has been or is to be sold or transferred by a Group Member to such Person or to any other Person to whom funds have been or are to be advanced by such Person on the security of such property or rental obligations of a Group Member.
k.Swap Agreements
. Enter into any Swap Agreement, except Swap Agreements entered into with counterparties reasonably satisfactory to the Lenders for the sole purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person, or changes in the value of securities issued by such Person, and not for purposes of speculation or taking a “market view;” provided that no such Swap Agreement contains any provision exonerating the non-defaulting party from its obligation to make payments on outstanding transactions to the defaulting party.
l.Changes in Fiscal Periods
; Changes in Accounting; Change in Structure. Permit a change in Holdings’ method of determining fiscal years or fiscal quarters, make any significant change in accounting treatment or reporting practices, except as required by GAAP, or permit any Group Member to amend any of its organizational documents in any respect materially adverse to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders. Each of Holdings and Trean Compstar shall not engage in any business activities or own any Property other than (i) with respect to Holdings, ownership of the Capital Stock of its Subsidiaries and, with respect to Trean Compstar, ownership of the Capital Stock of Compstar Holdco, (ii) activities and contractual rights incidental to maintenance of its corporate or organizational existence, (iii) with respect to Trean Compstar, performance of its obligations under the Compstar Acquisition Documents and the Trean Compstar Pledge Agreements and (iv) activities relating to the performance of obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party.
m.Negative Pledge Clauses
. Enter into or suffer to exist or become effective any agreement that prohibits or limits the ability of any Group Member (other than Trean Compstar solely with respect to the pledge of the Capital Stock of Compstar Holdco as permitted by Section 7.3(n) and other than Compstar Holdco and Compstar solely with respect to the Liens and security interests permitted by Section 7.3(o)) to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property or revenues, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, to secure its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party, other than (a) this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and any Specified Swap Agreements, (b) any agreements governing any Liens or Capital Lease
90


Obligations otherwise expressly permitted by Section 7.3(d), (f), (g) or (i) (in which case, any such prohibition or limitation shall only be effective against the assets subject to such Lien or Capital Lease Obligation), (c) agreements relating to any Disposition permitted pursuant to Section 7.5, provided that such prohibitions and limitations apply only to the property to be sold and (d) leases, licenses and other agreements containing customary provisions prohibiting or limiting the assignment thereof.
n.Clauses Restricting Subsidiary Distributions
. Enter into or suffer to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary of Holdings to (a) make Restricted Payments in respect of any Capital Stock of such Subsidiary held by, or pay any Indebtedness owed to, any Group Member, (b) make loans or advances to, or other Investments in, any Group Member, or (c) transfer any of its assets to any Group Member, except for such encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of (i) any restrictions existing under the Loan Documents or any Specified Swap Agreements, (ii) any restrictions with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary imposed pursuant to an agreement that has been entered into in connection with the Disposition of all or substantially all of the Capital Stock or assets of such Subsidiary, (iii) any restrictions contained in agreements governing any Liens or Capital Lease Obligations otherwise expressly permitted hereby (in which case, any such prohibition or limitation shall only be effective against the assets subject to such Lien or Capital Lease Obligation), (iv) leases, licenses and other agreements containing customary provisions prohibiting or limiting the transfer or assignment thereof, (v) applicable law, (vi) customary provisions restricting the assignment of rights under contracts, (vii) any agreement for the sale of a Restricted Subsidiary that restricts distributions by that Restricted Subsidiary pending a sale of such Subsidiary permitted hereby, (viii) restrictions on cash or other deposits or net worth imposed by customers under contracts entered in the ordinary course of business, and (ix) restrictions on rights to dispose of assets subject to Liens permitted hereunder.
o.Lines of Business
. Engage to any material extent in any business, either directly or through any Restricted Subsidiary, except for the Business.
p.Trean Indenture, BIC/Trean Agreement
and Trean Compstar Pledge Agreements. Amend, supplement or otherwise modify the Trean Indenture, the BIC/Trean Agreement or the Trean Compstar Pledge Agreements in a manner that would be materially adverse to the Borrower, Administrative Agent or any Lender, without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
q.Specified Shareholder Subordination Agreement. Enter into any written agreement providing any Specified Shareholder with rights to Specified Shareholder Bonus Payments unless such rights are subordinated to the Obligations pursuant to a Specified Shareholder Subordination Agreement.
91



Section 8.EVENTS OF DEFAULT
If any of the following events shall occur and be continuing:
1.the Borrower shall fail to pay any principal of any Loan when due in accordance with the terms hereof; or the Borrower shall fail to pay any interest on any Loan, or any other fee or amount payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document, within three (3) Business Days after any such interest, fee or other amount becomes due in accordance with the terms hereof; or
2.any representation or warranty made or deemed made by any Loan Party herein or in any other Loan Document shall prove to have been inaccurate in any material respect on or as of the date made or deemed made (other than those representations and warranties that are expressly qualified by a Material Adverse Effect or other materiality qualification, in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all respects when made or deemed made); or
3.any Loan Party shall default in the observance or performance of any agreement contained in Section 6.4(a) (with respect to the Borrower and Holdings only), Section 6.6, Section 6.7(a), Section 6.11, Section 6.12, Section 6.14, Section 6.15 or Section 7 of this Agreement, or Sections 5.5, 5.6 or 5.7(b) of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement; or
4.any Loan Party shall default in the observance or performance of any other agreement contained in this Agreement or any other Loan Document (other than as provided in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Section), and such default shall continue unremedied for a period of thirty (30) days after (i) any Responsible Officer of the Borrower or Holdings becomes aware thereof, or (ii) written notice to the Borrower from the Administrative Agent or Required Lenders; or
5.(i) any Loan Party shall (A) default in making any payment of any principal of any Indebtedness (including any Guarantee Obligation, but excluding the Loans and Indebtedness under Swap Agreements) on the due date with respect thereto and beyond the period of grace, if any; or (B) default in making any payment of any interest on any such Indebtedness beyond the period of grace, if any, provided in the instrument or agreement under which such Indebtedness was created; or (C) default in the observance or performance of any other agreement or condition relating to any such Indebtedness or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto, or any other event shall occur or condition exist, the effect of which default or other event or condition is to cause, or to permit the holder or beneficiary of such Indebtedness (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or beneficiary) to cause, with the giving of notice if required, such Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity or (in the case of any such Indebtedness constituting a Guarantee Obligation) to become payable; provided that a default, event or condition described in subclause (A), (B) or (C) of this clause (i) shall not at any time constitute an Event of Default unless, at such time, one or more defaults, events or conditions of the type described in subclauses (A), (B) and (C) of this clause (i) shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to Indebtedness the outstanding principal
92


amount of which exceeds in the aggregate $500,000; (ii) there occurs, under one more Swap Agreements to which a Loan Party is a party, an Early Termination Date (as defined in such Swap Agreements) resulting from (A) any event of default under such Swap Agreements as to which such Loan Party is the Defaulting Party (as defined in such Swap Agreements) or (B) any Termination Event (as so defined) under such Swap Agreements as to which such Loan Party is an Affected Party (as so defined) and, in either event, the aggregate Swap Termination Value owed by such Loan Party as a result thereof is greater than $500,000 and such Swap Termination Value remains unpaid for thirty (30) days; or (iii) a default shall occur under any Contractual Obligation of a Loan Party, which default results in the termination of one or more material agreements, instruments or undertakings to which such Loan Party is a party and which termination(s) reasonably could be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or
6.(i) any Loan Party shall commence any case, proceeding or other action (A) under any existing or future law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts, or (B) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its assets, or any Loan Party shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or (ii) there shall be commenced against any Loan Party any case, proceeding or other action of a nature referred to in clause (i) above that (A) results in the entry of an order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment or (B) remains undismissed or undischarged for a period of sixty (60) days; or (iii) there shall be commenced against any Loan Party any case, proceeding or other action seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, distraint or similar process against all or any substantial part of its assets that results in the entry of an order for any such relief that shall not have been vacated, discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within sixty (60) days from the entry thereof; or (iv) any Loan Party shall take any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) above; or (v) any Loan Party shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due; or
7.(i) any Person shall engage in any non-exempt “prohibited transaction” (as defined in Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) involving any Plan, (ii) any Plan shall fail to satisfy the minimum funding standard applicable to the Plan for any plan year (as described in Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code), whether or not waived, or any Lien in favor of the PBGC or a Plan shall arise on the assets of any Loan Party or any Commonly Controlled Entity, (iii) a Reportable Event shall occur with respect to, or proceedings shall commence to have a trustee appointed, or a trustee shall be appointed, to administer or to terminate, any Single Employer Plan, which Reportable Event or commencement of proceedings or appointment of a trustee is, in the reasonable opinion of Required Lenders, likely to result in the termination of such Plan for purposes of Title IV of ERISA, (iv) any Single Employer Plan shall terminate for purposes of Title IV of ERISA, (v) any Loan Party or any Commonly Controlled Entity shall, or in the reasonable opinion of Required Lenders is likely to, incur any liability in connection with a withdrawal from, or the Insolvency or Reorganization of, a
93


Multiemployer Plan or (vi) any other event or condition shall occur or exist with respect to a Plan; and in each case in clauses (i) through (vi) above, such event or condition, together with all other such events or conditions, if any, would have a Material Adverse Effect; or
8.one or more judgments or decrees shall be entered against any Loan Party involving in the aggregate liabilities (to the extent not paid or covered by insurance as to which the relevant insurance company has acknowledged coverage) of $500,000 or more, and all such judgments or decrees shall not have been satisfied, vacated, discharged, stayed or bonded pending appeal within sixty (60) days from the entry thereof; or
9.any of the Security Documents shall cease, for any reason, to be in full force and effect (except due to any action or inaction by the Administrative Agent or the Lenders), or any Loan Party or any Affiliate of any Loan Party shall so assert in writing, or any Lien created by any of the Security Documents shall cease to be enforceable and of the same effect and priority purported to be created thereby (except due to any action or inaction by the Administrative Agent or the Lenders), or any Loan Party or any Affiliate of any Loan Party shall so assert in writing; or
10.the guarantee contained in Section 2 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement shall cease, for any reason, other than in accordance with the terms, conditions and limitations of any Loan Document, to be in full force and effect or any Loan Party or any Affiliate of any Loan Party shall so assert in writing; or
11.(i) (a) prior to the occurrence of the first public offering by Holdings (or by its direct or indirect parent company) of Capital Stock in Holdings (or in its direct or indirect parent company, as the case may be) on or after the Closing Date pursuant to a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in accordance with the Securities Act (a “Qualified Initial Public Offering”), failure of the Sponsor to maintain ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record, of 51% or more of the outstanding voting Capital Stock in Holdings or (b) after the occurrence of a Qualified Initial Public Offering, any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d)(3) and 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), including any group acting for the purpose of acquiring, holding or disposing of securities (within the meaning of Rule 13d-5(b)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but excluding any employee benefit plan and/or person acting as the trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator therefor) other than the Sponsor is or shall at any time become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13(d)-3 and 13(d)-5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of the greater of (I) 30% or more on a fully diluted basis of the voting interests in Holdings’ Capital Stock and (II) the percentage (measured on a fully diluted basis) of the voting interests in Holdings’ Capital Stock then owned, directly or indirectly, by Sponsor free and clear of all Liens or (ii) Holdings ceases to own one hundred percent (100%) of the issued and outstanding Capital Stock of the Borrower, in each instance in clauses (i) and (ii), free and clear of all Liens, rights, options, warrants or other similar agreements or understandings, other than Liens in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders; or
12.any “Event of Default” shall exist or have occurred and be continuing as provided in any Subordinated Debt Document; or
94


13.any Subordinated Indebtedness, or any guarantees thereof, shall not be or shall cease to be, for any reason, validly subordinated to the Obligations of the Loan Parties, or to the Liens granted to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, as the case may be, as provided in the relevant Subordinated Debt Documents, or any Loan Party or any Affiliate of any Loan Party shall so assert; or
14.any “Default” or “Event of Default” shall exist or have occurred and be continuing as provided in the Trean Indenture; and
15.Benchmark at any time fails to maintain a rating of at least “B+” from AM Best Rating (as published by the AM Best & Company, Inc.);
then, and in any such event, (A) if such event is an Event of Default specified in paragraph (f) above with respect to the Borrower, automatically the Commitments shall immediately terminate and the Loans (with accrued interest thereon) and all other amounts owing under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall immediately become due and payable, and (B) if such event is any other Event of Default, either or both of the following actions may be taken: (i) with the consent of Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, or upon the request of Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall, by notice to the Borrower declare the Commitments to be terminated forthwith, whereupon the Commitments shall immediately terminate; and (ii) with the consent of Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, or upon the request of Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall, by notice to the Borrower, declare the Loans (with accrued interest thereon) and all other amounts owing under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to be due and payable forthwith, whereupon the same shall immediately become due and payable. Except as expressly provided above in this Section, presentment, demand, protest and all other notices of any kind are hereby expressly waived by the Borrower.
Section 9.THE AGENTS
a.Appointment
. Each Lender hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Administrative Agent as the agent of such Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and each such Lender irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent, in such capacity, to take such action on its behalf under the provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and to exercise such powers and perform such duties as are expressly delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with such other powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary elsewhere in this Agreement, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities, except those expressly set forth herein, or any fiduciary relationship with any Lender, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into this Agreement or any other Loan Document or otherwise exist against the Administrative Agent.
b.Delegation of Duties
95


. The Administrative Agent may execute any of its duties under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents by or through agents or attorneys in fact and shall be entitled to advice of counsel concerning all matters pertaining to such duties. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any agents or attorneys in fact selected by it with reasonable care.
c.Exculpatory Provisions
. Neither the Administrative Agent nor any of its respective officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys in fact or affiliates shall be (a) liable for any action lawfully taken or omitted to be taken by it or such Person under or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document (except to the extent that any of the foregoing are found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from its or such Person’s own gross negligence or willful misconduct) or (b) responsible in any manner to any of the Lenders for any recitals, statements, representations or warranties made by any Loan Party or any officer thereof contained in this Agreement or any other Loan Document or in any certificate, report, statement or other document referred to or provided for in, or received by the Administrative Agent under or in connection with, this Agreement or any other Loan Document or for the value, validity, effectiveness, genuineness, enforceability or sufficiency of this Agreement or any other Loan Document or for any failure of any Loan Party a party thereto to perform its obligations hereunder or thereunder. The Administrative Agent shall not be under any obligation to any Lender to ascertain or to inquire as to the observance or performance of any of the agreements contained in, or conditions of, this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or to inspect the properties, books or records of any Loan Party.
d.Reliance by Administrative Agent
. The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely, and shall be fully protected in relying, upon any instrument, writing, resolution, notice, consent, certificate, affidavit, letter, telecopy, telex or teletype message, statement, order or other document or conversation believed by it to be genuine and correct and to have been signed, sent or made by the proper Person or Persons and upon advice and statements of legal counsel (including counsel to any Loan Party), independent accountants and other experts selected by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent may deem and treat the payee of any Note as the owner thereof for all purposes unless a written notice of assignment, negotiation or transfer thereof shall have been filed with the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall be fully justified in failing or refusing to take any action under this Agreement or any other Loan Document unless it shall first receive such advice or concurrence of Required Lenders (or, if so specified by this Agreement, all Lenders) as it deems appropriate or it shall first be indemnified to its satisfaction by the Lenders against any and all liability and expense that may be incurred by it by reason of taking or continuing to take any such action. The Administrative Agent shall in all cases be fully protected in acting, or in refraining from acting, under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents in accordance with a request of Required Lenders (or, if so specified by this Agreement, all Lenders), and such request and any action taken or failure to act pursuant thereto shall be binding upon all Lenders and all future holders of the Loans and other Obligations.
96


e.Notice of Default
. The Administrative Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default unless the Administrative Agent has received notice from a Lender or the Borrower referring to this Agreement, describing such Default or Event of Default and stating that such notice is a “notice of default”. In the event that the Administrative Agent receives such a notice, the Administrative Agent shall give notice thereof to the Lenders. The Administrative Agent shall take such action with respect to such Default or Event of Default as shall be reasonably directed by Required Lenders (or, if so specified by this Agreement, all Lenders); provided that unless and until the Administrative Agent shall have received such directions, the Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) take such action, or refrain from taking such action, with respect to such Default or Event of Default as it shall deem advisable in the best interests of the Lenders.
f.Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders
. Each Lender expressly acknowledges that neither the Administrative Agent nor any of its respective officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys in fact or affiliates have made any representations or warranties to it and that no act by the Administrative Agent hereafter taken, including any review of the affairs of a Loan Party or any affiliate of a Loan Party, shall be deemed to constitute any representation or warranty by the Administrative Agent to any Lender. Each Lender represents to the Administrative Agent that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own appraisal of and investigation into the business, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Loan Parties and their affiliates and made its own decision to make its Loans hereunder and enter into this Agreement. Each Lender also represents that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit analysis, appraisals and decisions in taking or not taking action under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and to make such investigation as it deems necessary to inform itself as to the business, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Loan Parties and their affiliates. Except for notices, reports and other documents expressly required to be furnished to the Lenders by the Administrative Agent hereunder, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duty or responsibility to provide any Lender with any credit or other information concerning the business, operations, property, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects or creditworthiness of any Loan Party or any affiliate of a Loan Party that may come into the possession of the Administrative Agent or any of its officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys in fact or affiliates.
g.Indemnification
. Lenders agree to indemnify the Administrative Agent in its capacity as such (to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrower in accordance with Section 10.5 and without limiting the obligation of the Borrower to do so), ratably according to their respective Aggregate Exposure Percentages in effect on the date on which indemnification is sought under this Section (or, if
97


indemnification is sought after the date upon which the Commitments shall have terminated and the Loans shall have been paid in full, ratably in accordance with such Aggregate Exposure Percentages immediately prior to such date), from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind whatsoever that may at any time (whether before or after the payment of the Loans) be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent in any way relating to or arising out of, the Commitments, this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any documents contemplated by or referred to herein or therein or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby or any action taken or omitted by the Administrative Agent under or in connection with any of the foregoing; provided that no Lender shall be liable for the payment of any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements that are found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the Administrative Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. The agreements in this Section shall survive the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.
h.Administrative Agent in Its Individual Capacity
. The Administrative Agent and its affiliates may make loans to, accept deposits from and generally engage in any kind of business with any Loan Party as though the Administrative Agent were not the Administrative Agent. With respect to its Loans made or renewed by it, the Administrative Agent shall have the same rights and powers under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents as any Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Administrative Agent, and the terms “Lender” and “Lenders” shall include the Administrative Agent in its individual capacity.
i.Successor Administrative Agent
. The Administrative Agent may resign as Administrative Agent upon ten (10) days’ notice to the Lenders and the Borrower. If the Administrative Agent shall resign as Administrative Agent under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, then Required Lenders shall appoint from among Lenders a successor agent for the Lenders, which successor agent shall (unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing) be subject to approval by the Borrower (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), whereupon such successor agent shall succeed to the rights, powers and duties of the Administrative Agent, and the term “Administrative Agent” shall mean such successor agent effective upon such appointment and approval, and the former Administrative Agent’s rights, powers and duties as Administrative Agent shall be terminated, without any other or further act or deed on the part of such former Administrative Agent or any of the parties to this Agreement or any holders of the Loans. If no successor agent has accepted appointment as Administrative Agent by the date that is ten (10) days following a retiring Administrative Agent’s notice of resignation, the retiring Administrative Agent’s resignation shall nevertheless thereupon become effective, and the Lenders shall assume and perform all of the duties of the Administrative Agent hereunder until such time, if any, as Required Lenders and, if applicable, the Borrower, appoint a successor agent as provided for above. After any retiring Administrative Agent’s resignation as
98


Administrative Agent, the provisions of this Section 9 shall inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Administrative Agent under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
Section 10.MISCELLANEOUS
a.Amendments and Waivers
. None of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any terms hereof or thereof may be amended, supplemented or modified except in accordance with the provisions of this Section 10.1. The Required Lenders and each Loan Party party to the relevant Loan Document may, or, with the written consent of Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent and each Loan Party party to the relevant Loan Document may, from time to time, (a) enter into written amendments, supplements or modifications hereto and to the other Loan Documents for the purpose of adding any provisions to this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or changing in any manner the rights of the Lenders or of the Loan Parties hereunder or thereunder or (b) waive, on such terms and conditions as Required Lenders or the Administrative Agent, as the case may be, may specify in such instrument, any of the requirements of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or any Default or Event of Default and its consequences; provided, however, that no such waiver and no such amendment, supplement or modification shall (i) reduce the principal amount or extend the final scheduled date of maturity of any Loan, reduce the amount or extend the scheduled date of any amortization payment in respect of any Term Loan, reduce the stated rate of any interest or fee payable hereunder (except (x) in connection with the waiver of applicability of any post-default increase in interest rates (which waiver shall be effective with the consent of Required Lenders) and (y) that any amendment or modification of defined terms used in the financial covenants in this Agreement shall not constitute a reduction in the rate of interest or fees for purposes of this clause (i)) or extend the scheduled date of any payment thereof, or increase the amount or extend the expiration date of any Lender’s Revolving Commitment (it being understood that waivers or modifications of conditions precedent, covenants, Defaults or Events of Default or of mandatory reduction of Commitments shall not constitute an increase of the Commitment of any Lender), in each case without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby; (ii) eliminate or reduce the voting rights of any Lender under this Section 10.1 without the written consent of such Lender; (iii) reduce any percentage specified in the definition of Required Lenders (or otherwise modify the definition of Required Lender), consent to the assignment or transfer by the Borrower of any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, release all or any substantial portion of the Collateral, or release all or any substantial portion of the Guarantors from their obligations under the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, in each case without the written consent of all Lenders unless otherwise expressly permitted herein or in any other Loan Document; (iv) amend, modify or waive any provision of Sections 2.17(a), 2.17(b) or 2.17(c), or of the first two sentences of Section 2.17(d), without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby; (v) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 9 without the written consent of the Administrative Agent; (vi) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 2.6 or 2.7 without the written consent of the Swingline Lender; (vii) eliminate or reduce the amount of any prepayment of Term Loans or Revolving Loans required to be made pursuant
99


to Section 2.11 without the written consent of all of the Lenders; or (viii) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 6.5 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement without the written consent of the Lenders directly and adversely affected thereby. Any such waiver and any such amendment, supplement or modification shall apply equally to each of the Lenders and shall be binding upon the Loan Parties, Lenders, the Administrative Agent and all future holders of the Loans or other Obligations. No waiver of any Default or Event of Default under this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default, or impair any right consequent thereon.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be amended (or amended and restated) with the written consent of Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (a) to add one or more additional credit facilities to this Agreement and to permit the extensions of credit from time to time outstanding thereunder and the accrued interest and fees in respect thereof to share ratably in the benefits of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents with the Term Loans and Revolving Extensions of Credit and the accrued interest and fees in respect thereof and (b) to include appropriately Lenders holding such credit facilities in any determination of Required Lenders, provided, that, in no event shall this provision be construed to imply that any Lender shall have any obligation of provide such additional credit facilities or extensions of credit.
b.Notices
. All notices, requests and demands to or upon the respective parties hereto to be effective shall be in writing (including by telecopy), and, unless otherwise expressly provided herein, shall be deemed to have been duly given or made when delivered, or three (3) Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, or, in the case of telecopy notice, when received, addressed as follows in the case of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and addressed as set forth on the signature pages hereto with respect to each other Lender, or to such other address as may be hereafter notified by the respective parties hereto:
100



Borrower, each other Loan Party and Holdings:

Trean Corporation
100 Lake Street West
Wayzata, MN 55391
Attention: Andrew O’Brien

and

Trean Insurance Group, Inc.
100 Lake Street West
Wayzata, MN 55391
Attention: Andrew O’Brien


With a copy to:
Altaris Capital Partners, LLC
10 East 53rd Street, 31st Floor
New York, New York 10022
Attention: David Ellison
Telecopy: (212) 931-0236

and

Schiff Hardin LLP
233 South Wacker Drive, Suite 7100
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Attention: Steve Isaacs
Telecopy: (312) 258-5600

Administrative Agent and
Swingline Lender:
First Horizon Bank
211 Franklin Road, Suite 300
Brentwood, Tennessee 37027
Attention: Leslie Johnson
Telecopy: (629) 208-2029

With a copy to:
McGuireWoods LLP
201 North Tryon Street, Suite 3000
Charlotte, North Carolina
Attention: Raj Natarajan
Telecopy: (704) 353-6147

provided that any notice, request or demand to or upon the Administrative Agent or the Lenders shall not be effective until received.
Notices and other communications to the Lenders hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent; provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices pursuant to Section 2 unless otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and the applicable Lender. The Administrative Agent or the Borrower may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.
c.No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies
. No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising, on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or under the other Loan Documents shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the
101


exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law.
d.Survival of Representations and Warranties
. All representations and warranties made hereunder, in the other Loan Documents and in any document, certificate or statement delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the making of the Loans and other extensions of credit hereunder.
e.Payment of Expenses and Taxes
. The Borrower agrees (a) to pay or reimburse the Administrative Agent for all its reasonable costs and expenses actually incurred in connection with the development, preparation and execution of, and any amendment, supplement or modification to, this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and any other documents prepared in connection herewith or therewith, and the consummation and administration of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent and filing and recording fees and expenses, (b) to pay or reimburse each Lender and the Administrative Agent for all its reasonable costs and expenses actually incurred in connection with the enforcement or preservation of any rights under this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and any such other documents, including reasonable attorneys fees and disbursements of counsel to the Lenders and the Administrative Agent, (c) to pay, indemnify, and hold each Lender and the Administrative Agent harmless from, any and all recording and filing fees and any and all liabilities with respect to, or resulting from any delay in paying any Non-Excluded Taxes or any Other Taxes, if any, that may be payable or determined to be payable in connection with the execution and delivery of, or consummation or administration of any of the transactions contemplated by, or any amendment, supplement or modification of, or any waiver or consent under or in respect of, this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and any such other documents, and (d) to pay, indemnify, and hold each Lender and the Administrative Agent and their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates, agents, trustees, advisors and controlling persons (each, an “Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all other liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever with respect to the execution, delivery, enforcement, performance and administration of this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and any such other documents, including any of the foregoing relating to the use of proceeds of the Loans or the violation of, noncompliance with or liability under, any Environmental Law applicable to the operations of any Group Member or any of the Properties and the reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel in connection with claims, actions or proceedings by any Indemnitee against any Loan Party under any Loan Document (all the foregoing in this clause (d), collectively, the “Indemnified Liabilities”), provided that the Borrower shall have no obligation hereunder to any Indemnitee with respect to Indemnified Liabilities to the extent such Indemnified Liabilities are found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee,
102


or from the breach by such Indemnitee of its material obligations to the Borrower, Holdings or another Indemnitee under this Agreement or the other Loan Documents. Without limiting the foregoing, and to the extent permitted by applicable law, each of Holdings and the Borrower agrees not to assert and to cause its Subsidiaries not to assert, and hereby waives and agrees to cause its Subsidiaries to waive, all rights for contribution or any other rights of recovery with respect to all claims, demands, penalties, fines, liabilities, settlements, damages, costs and expenses of whatever kind or nature, under or related to Environmental Laws, that any of them might have by statute or otherwise against any Indemnitee. All amounts due under this Section 10.5 shall be payable not later than 10 (ten) Business Days after written demand therefor. The agreements in this Section 10.5 shall survive repayment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder, the termination of any Commitments hereunder, and the expiration or termination of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Group Member shall be required to reimburse the legal fees and expenses of (i) more than one outside counsel (in addition to special counsel and up to one local outside counsel in each applicable local jurisdiction) for all the Indemnitees, unless, in the reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent, representation of all such Indemnitees would be inappropriate due to the existence of an actual or potential conflict of interest or (ii) the in-house counsel of any Lender or the Administrative Agent.
f.Successors and Assigns; Participations and Assignments
.
16.The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that (i) the Borrower may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Lender (and any attempted assignment or transfer by the Borrower without such consent shall be null and void) and (ii) no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer its rights or obligations hereunder except in accordance with this Section.
17. Subject to the conditions set forth in paragraph (b)(ii) below, any Lender may assign to one or more assignees (each, an “Assignee”) all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitments and the Loans at the time owing to it) with the prior written consent of:
a.the Borrower (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), provided that no consent of the Borrower shall be required for an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender who is under common control with such Lender, an Approved Fund (as defined below) or, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, any other Person; and
b.the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), provided that no consent of the Administrative Agent shall be required for an assignment of (I) all or any portion of a Term Loan to a Lender, an affiliate of
103


a Lender or an Approved Fund or (II) all or any portion of a Revolving Loan or Revolving Commitment to a Lender that is a Revolving Lender immediately prior to such assignment.
iii.Assignments shall be subject to the following additional conditions:
c.except in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender who is under common control with such Lender or an Approved Fund or an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Commitments or Loans under any Facility, the amount of the Commitments or Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment (determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent) shall not be less than $1,000,000 (in the case of the Revolving Facility) or $3,000,000 (in the case of the Term Facility) unless each of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent otherwise consent, provided that no such consent of the Borrower shall be required if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;
d.the parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee of $3,500; and
e.the Assignee, if it shall not be a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an administrative questionnaire.
For the purposes of this Section 10.6, “Approved Fund” means any Person (other than a natural person) that is engaged in making, purchasing, holding or investing in bank loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course and that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender.
iv.Subject to acceptance and recording thereof pursuant to paragraph (b)(iv) below, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption the Assignee thereunder shall be a party hereto and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.18 2.19, 2.20 and 10.5); provided that the assignment of a Revolving Commitment by any Lender to an Approved Fund shall not relieve the assigning Lender of any of its obligations to fund a Loan under such Revolving Commitment if, for any reason, its Approved Fund fails to fund any such Loan, unless the Borrower has given its prior written consent to such assignment (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld). Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this Section 10.6 shall be treated for
104


purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with paragraph (c) of this Section.
v.The Administrative Agent, acting for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitments of, and principal amount of the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary.
vi.Upon its receipt of a duly completed Assignment and Assumption executed by an assigning Lender and an Assignee, the Assignee’s completed administrative questionnaire (unless the Assignee shall already be a Lender hereunder), the processing and recordation fee referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section and any written consent to such assignment required by paragraph (b) of this Section, the Administrative Agent shall accept such Assignment and Assumption and record the information contained therein in the Register. No assignment shall be effective for purposes of this Agreement unless it has been recorded in the Register as provided in this paragraph. This Section 10.6(b) shall be construed so that the Loans are at all times maintained in “registered form” within the meanings of Section 163(f), 871(h)(2) and 881(c)(2) of the Code.
18. Any Lender may, without the consent of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to one or more banks or other entities (a “Participant”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitments and the Loans owing to it); provided that (A) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (B) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (C) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the other Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement. Any agreement pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver that (1) requires the consent of each Lender directly affected thereby pursuant to the proviso to the second sentence of Section 10.1 and (2) directly affects such Participant. Subject to paragraph (c)(ii) of this Section, the Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.18, 2.19 and 2.20 to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section. To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 10.7(b) as though it were a Lender, provided that such Participant shall be subject to Section 10.7(a) as though it were a Lender.
105


vii.A Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 2.18, 2.19 or 2.20 than the applicable Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant, unless the sale of the participation to such Participant is made with the Borrower’s prior written consent. Any Participant that is a Non-U.S. Lender shall not be entitled to the benefits of Section 2.19 unless such Participant complies with Section 2.19(d).
viii.Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participant's interest in the Loans or other obligations under the Loan Documents (the “Participant Register”); provided, that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant's interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person, except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations or, if different, under Sections 871(h) or 881(c) of the Code. The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.
19.Any Lender may (without the consent of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent) at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement (including the Loans and any Notes or any other instrument evidencing its rights as a Lender under this Agreement) to secure obligations or securities of such Lender to a Federal Reserve Bank, and any pledge or assignment to any holder of, trustee for, or any other representative of holders of, obligations owed or securities issued by such Lender, and this Section shall not apply to any such pledge or assignment of a security interest; provided that no such pledge or assignment of a security interest shall release a Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or Assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.
20.The Borrower, upon receipt of written notice from the relevant Lender, agrees to issue Notes to any Lender requiring Notes to facilitate transactions of the type described in paragraph (d) above.
g.Adjustments; Setoff
.
106


21.Except to the extent that this Agreement expressly provides for payments to be allocated to a particular Lender or to the Lenders under a particular Facility, if any Lender (a “Benefited Lender”) shall, at any time after the Loans and other amounts payable hereunder shall immediately become due and payable pursuant to Section 8, receive any payment of all or part of the Obligations owing to it, or receive any collateral in respect thereof (whether voluntarily or involuntarily, by setoff, pursuant to events or proceedings of the nature referred to in Section 8(f), or otherwise), in a greater proportion than any such payment to or collateral received by any other Lender, if any, in respect of the Obligations owing to such other Lender, such Benefited Lender shall purchase for cash from the other Lenders a participating interest in such portion of the Obligations owing to each such other Lender, or shall provide such other Lenders with the benefits of any such collateral, as shall be necessary to cause such Benefited Lender to share the excess payment or benefits of such collateral ratably with each of the Lenders; provided, however, that if all or any portion of such excess payment or benefits is thereafter recovered from such Benefited Lender, such purchase shall be rescinded, and the purchase price and benefits returned, to the extent of such recovery, but without interest.
22.In addition to any rights and remedies of the Lenders provided by law, each Lender shall have the right, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, without prior notice to the Borrower or any other Loan Party, any such notice being expressly waived by the Loan Parties to the extent permitted by applicable law, upon any amount becoming due and payable by the Borrower or any Loan Party hereunder or under any other Loan Document (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), to set off and appropriate and apply against such amount any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final), and any other credits, indebtedness or claims, in each case whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, at any time held or owing by such Lender or any branch or agency thereof to or for the credit or the account of such Loan Party, as the case may be. Each Lender agrees promptly to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent after any such setoff and application made by such Lender, provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application.
h.Counterparts
. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts or copies, each of which shall be deemed an original hereof for all purposes. One or more counterparts or copies of this Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties hereto, and some different counterparts or copies executed by one or more of the other parties. Each counterpart or copy hereof executed by any party hereto shall be binding upon the party executing same even though other parties may execute one or more different counterparts or copies, and all counterparts or copies hereof so executed shall constitute but one and the same agreement. Each party hereto, by execution of one or more counterparts or copies hereof, expressly authorizes the Administrative Agent to detach the signature pages from any such counterpart or copy hereof executed by the authorizing party and affix same to one or more other identical counterparts or copies hereof so that upon execution of multiple counterparts or copies hereof by all parties hereto, there shall be one or more counterparts or copies hereof to which is(are) attached signature pages containing signatures of all parties hereto. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by
107


facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof. A set of the copies of this Agreement signed by all the parties shall be lodged with the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
i.Severability
. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.
j.Integration
. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents represent the entire agreement of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by the Administrative Agent or any Lender relative to the subject matter hereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or in the other Loan Documents.
k.GOVERNING LAW
. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (INCLUDING SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK) WITHOUT REFERENCE TO THE CONFLICTS OR CHOICE OF LAW PRINCIPLES THEREOF OTHER THAN SUCH SECTION 5-1401.
l.SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION; WAIVERS
. EACH OF THE BORROWER AND HOLDINGS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY:
23.SUBMITS FOR ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS TO WHICH IT IS A PARTY, OR FOR RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT IN RESPECT THEREOF, TO THE NON EXCLUSIVE GENERAL JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, THE COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK AND APPELLATE COURTS FROM ANY THEREOF;
24.CONSENTS THAT ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE BROUGHT IN SUCH COURTS AND WAIVES ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN
108


ANY SUCH COURT OR THAT SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING WAS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT COURT AND AGREES NOT TO PLEAD OR CLAIM THE SAME;
25.AGREES THAT SERVICE OF PROCESS IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE EFFECTED BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL (OR ANY SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR FORM OF MAIL), POSTAGE PREPAID, TO IT AT ITS ADDRESS SET FORTH IN SECTION 10.2 OR AT SUCH OTHER ADDRESS OF WHICH THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SHALL HAVE BEEN NOTIFIED PURSUANT THERETO;
26.AGREES THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL AFFECT THE RIGHT TO EFFECT SERVICE OF PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW OR SHALL LIMIT THE RIGHT TO SUE IN ANY OTHER JURISDICTION; AND
27.WAIVES, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO CLAIM OR RECOVER IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING REFERRED TO IN THIS SECTION ANY SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.
m.Acknowledgements
. The Borrower hereby acknowledges that:
28.it has been advised by counsel in the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents;
29.neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender has any fiduciary relationship with or duty to the Borrower arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between Administrative Agent and the Lenders, on one hand, and the Borrower, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor; and
30.no joint venture is created hereby or by the other Loan Documents or otherwise exists by virtue of the transactions contemplated hereby among Lenders or among the Borrower and the Lenders.
n.Termination; Releases of Guarantees and Liens
.
31.Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the Administrative Agent is hereby irrevocably authorized by each Lender (without requirement of notice to or consent of any Lender except as expressly required by Section 10.1) to take any action requested by the Borrower having the effect of releasing any Collateral or guarantee obligations (i) to the extent necessary to permit consummation of any transaction expressly permitted by any Loan Document or that has been consented to in accordance with Section 10.1 or (ii) under the circumstances described in paragraph (b) below.
109


32.At such time as the Loans and the other obligations under the Loan Documents (other than contingent indemnification obligations not yet due and payable and obligations under or in respect of Specified Swap Agreements) shall have been paid in full, the Commitments have been terminated and the obligations under or in respect of Specified Swap Agreements shall have been cash collateralized, this Agreement shall automatically terminate, and the Collateral shall be released from the Liens created by the Security Documents, and the Security Documents and all obligations (other than those stated to survive such termination) of the Administrative Agent and each Loan Party under the Security Documents shall terminate, all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any Person.
o.Interest and Loan Charges
. Anything in this Agreement, the Notes or any of the other Loan Documents to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event whatsoever, whether by reason of advancement of proceeds of the Loans, acceleration of the maturity of the unpaid balance of the Loans or otherwise, shall the interest and loan charges agreed to be paid to any Lender for the use of money advanced or to be advanced hereunder exceed the maximum amounts collectible under applicable laws in effect from time to time. It is understood and agreed by the parties that, if for any reason whatsoever the interest or loan charges paid or contracted to be paid by the Borrower in respect of the Loans or any of the other Obligations shall exceed the maximum amounts collectible under applicable laws in effect from time to time, then ipso facto, the obligation to pay such interest or loan charges shall be reduced to the maximum amounts collectible under applicable laws in effect from time to time, and any amounts collected by any Lender that exceed such maximum amounts shall be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of the Obligations or refunded to the Borrower so that at no time shall the interest or loan charges paid or payable in respect of the Loans and the other Obligations exceed the maximum amounts permitted from time to time by applicable law.
p.Confidentiality
. Each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender agrees to keep confidential all non-public information provided to it by any Loan Party, the Administrative Agent or any Lender pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement; provided that nothing herein shall prevent the Administrative Agent or any Lender from disclosing any such information (a) to the Administrative Agent, any other Lender or any affiliate thereof, (b) subject to an agreement to comply with the provisions of this Section, to any actual or prospective Transferee or any direct or indirect counterparty to any Swap Agreement (or any professional advisor to such counterparty), (c) to its employees, directors, agents, attorneys, accountants and other professional advisors or those of any of its affiliates, (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such information and instructed to keep such information confidential pursuant to the terms hereof), (d) upon the request or demand of any Governmental Authority, (e) in response to any order of any court or other Governmental Authority or as may otherwise be required pursuant to any Requirement of Law, (f) if required to do so in connection with any litigation or similar proceeding, (g) that has been publicly disclosed, other than as a result of a breach of this Section 10.16, (h) to the
110


National Association of Insurance Commissioners or any similar organization or any nationally recognized rating agency that requires access to information about a Lender’s investment portfolio in connection with ratings issued with respect to such Lender, or (i) if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, to the extent reasonably necessary or appropriate in connection with the exercise of any remedy hereunder or under any other Loan Document. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrative Agent shall be permitted to use information related to the arrangement of the Facilities in connection with marketing, press releases and other transactional announcements and updates provided to investor or trade publications, including the placement of “tombstone” advertisements in publications of their choice, and the Borrower grants to the Administrative Agent permission to use the logos and marks of the Sponsor and the Borrower, as well as the names of the Sponsor and the Borrower (together, the “Client Mark”), in such press releases and transactional announcements. The Administrative Agent acknowledges that the Client Mark shall remain the sole property of the Sponsor and the Borrower and that all references to the Sponsor, the Borrower or the Client Mark by Administrative Agent will be truthful and not misleading in any way. This Section 10.16 shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
q.WAIVERS OF JURY TRIAL
. EACH OF HOLDINGS, THE BORROWER, THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND THE LENDERS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM THEREIN.
r.Patriot Act Notice
. Each Lender (for itself and not on behalf of any other party) hereby notifies each of the Loan Parties that, pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act, Title III of Pub. L. 107-56, signed into law October 26, 2001 (the “Patriot Act”), it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Loan Parties, which information includes the name and address of the Loan Parties and other information that will allow such Lender to identify the Loan Parties in accordance with the Act.
s.Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of EEA Financial Institutions
. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Loan Document or in any other agreement, arrangement or understanding among any such parties, each party hereto acknowledges that any liability of any Lender that is an EEA Financial Institution arising under any Loan Document, to the extent such liability is unsecured, may be subject to the write-down and conversion powers of an EEA Resolution Authority and agrees and consents to, and acknowledges and agrees to be bound by (a) the application of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by an EEA Resolution Authority to any such liabilities arising hereunder which may be payable to it by any Lender that is an EEA Financial Institution; and (b) the effects of any Bail-in Action on any such liability, including, if applicable: (i) a reduction in full or in part or cancellation of any such liability; (ii) a conversion of all, or a portion of, such liability into shares
111


or other instruments of ownership in such EEA Financial Institution, its parent undertaking, or a bridge institution that may be issued to it or otherwise conferred on it, and that such shares or other instruments of ownership will be accepted by it in lieu of any rights with respect to any such liability under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; or (iii) the variation of the terms of such liability in connection with the exercise of the write-down and conversion powers of any EEA Resolution Authority.
t.Joint and Several. The obligations of the Loan Parties hereunder and under the other Loan Documents are joint and several. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, reference is hereby made to Section 2 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, to which the obligations of Borrowers and the other Loan Parties are subject.
u.Acknowledgement Regarding any Supported QFCs. To the extent that the Loan Documents provide support, through a guarantee or otherwise, for Swap Agreements or any other agreement or instrument that is a QFC (such support, “QFC Credit Support” and each such QFC a “Supported QFC”), the parties acknowledge and agree as follows with respect to the resolution power of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (together with the regulations promulgated thereunder, the “U.S. Special Resolution Regimes”) in respect of such Supported QFC and QFC Credit Support (with the provisions below applicable notwithstanding that the Loan Documents and any Supported QFC may in fact be stated to be governed by the laws of the State of New York and/or of the United States or any other state of the United States):
33.In the event a Covered Entity that is party to a Supported QFC (each, a “Covered Party”) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer of such Supported QFC and the benefit of such QFC Credit Support (and any interest and obligation in or under such Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support, and any rights in property securing such Supported QFC or such QFC Credit Support) from such Covered Party will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support (and any such interest, obligation and rights in property) were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. In the event a Covered Party or a BHC Act Affiliate of a Covered Party becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under the Loan Documents that might otherwise apply to such Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support that may be exercised against such Covered Party are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and the Loan Documents were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. Without limitation of the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that rights and remedies of the parties with respect to a Defaulting Lender shall in no event affect the rights of any Covered Party with respect to a Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support.
34.As used in this Section 10.21, the following terms have the following meanings:
112


ix.“BHC Act Affiliate” of a party means an “affiliate” (as such term is defined under, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 1841(k)) of such party.
x.“Covered Entity” means any of the following:
f.a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);
g.a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or
h.a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).
xi.“Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § § 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1 as applicable.
xii.“QFC” has the meaning assigned to the term “qualified financial contract” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 5390(c)(8)(D).
v.Amendment and Restatement.
35.The parties acknowledge and agree that this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to be dated on or before the Closing Date and not already in effect do not constitute a novation, payment and reborrowing or termination of the obligations under the Existing Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document and that all such obligations are in all respects continued and outstanding as Obligations under this Agreement except to the extent such Obligations are modified from and after the Closing Date as provided in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Each Lender that was a Lender (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) party to the Existing Credit Agreement hereby agrees that this Agreement amends and restates the Existing Credit Agreement in its entirety effective as of the Closing Date; provided that for the avoidance of doubt, the Borrower hereby reaffirms that the Collateral and the Loan Documents shall continue to secure, guarantee, support and otherwise benefit the Obligations on the same terms as prior to the effectiveness hereof. Upon the effectiveness of this Agreement, each Loan Document (other than the Existing Credit Agreement) that was in effect immediately prior to the date of this Agreement shall continue to be effective on its terms unless otherwise expressly stated herein.
36.The Borrower, the other Loan Parties and Administrative Agent agree that all principal, interest, fees, costs, reimbursable expenses and indemnification obligations accruing or arising under or in connection with the Existing Credit Agreement which remain unpaid and outstanding as of the Closing Date shall be and remain outstanding and payable as an obligation under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

113




[Signature Pages Follow]
114


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by their proper and duly authorized officers as of the day and year first above written.

BORROWER:

Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as Holdings and a Borrower

By:                        
Name:
Title:


TREAN CORPORATION, a Minnesota corporation
By: /s/ Andrew O'Brien
Name: Andrew O'Brien
Title: President
TREAN COMPSTAR HOLDINGS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
By: /s/ Andrew O'Brien
Name: Andrew O'Brien
Title: President
BENCHMARK ADMINISTRATORS, LLC, a Delaware corporation
By: /s/ Andrew O'Brien
Name: Andrew O'Brien
Title: Manager
TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC., a Delaware corporation, as Holdings and a Borrower
By: /s/ Andrew O'Brien
Name: Andrew O'Brien
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
Signature Page to Credit Agreement - Trean


OTHER LOAN PARTIES:

Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as Holdings and a Borrower

By:                        
Name:
Title:


WESTCAP INSURANCE SERVICES, LLC, a California limited liability company
By: /s/ Andrew O'Brien
Name: Andrew O'Brien
Title: Manager
TREAN REINSURANCE SERVICES, LLC, a Minnesota limited liability company
By: /s/ Andrew O'Brien
Name: Andrew O'Brien
Title: President




Signature Page to Credit Agreement - Trean


FIRST HORIZON BANK, as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and a Lender

By:    /s/ Leslie Johnson                
Name: Leslie Johnson
Title: Managing Director


ADDRESS FOR NOTICES:

First Horizon Bank
211 Franklin Road, Suite 300
Brentwood, Tennessee 37027
Attention: Leslie Johnson
Telecopy: (629) 208-2029

Signature Page to Credit Agreement - Trean



Schedule 1.1-C


LENDER COMMITMENTS


Lender Revolving Commitment Outstanding Term Loans under Initial Credit Agreement Term Loan Commitments Funded on the First Amended and Restated Closing Date Term Commitment as of the First Amended and Restated Closing Date
First Horizon Bank $2,000,000 $21,293,000 $11,707,000 $33,000,000
TOTAL $2,000,000 $21,293,000 $11,707,000 $33,000,000



Execution Copy

Schedule 6.15

Post-Closing Matters

1.On or prior to the date that is 3 Business Days following the Closing Date, the Loan Parties shall deliver to Administrative Agent the Pledged Stock (as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) of Trean Intermediaries, LLC and Trean Corporation pursuant to Section 5.1 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement duly endorsed to the Administrative Agent or in blank by an effective endorsement (whether on the certificate or instrument or on a separate writing) as required pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.

2.On or prior to the earlier of (x) 5 Business Days after the Indebtedness outstanding under the Compstar/Oak Street Credit Agreement is paid in full or (y) 15 Business Days after the Closing Date, each of Compstar Insurance Services, LLC and Compstar Holding Company LLC (collectively, the “Joining Loan Parties”) shall (i) become a party to the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents as a Loan Party by executing a joinder agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Administrative Agent, (ii) shall pledge all of the Capital Stock owned by each Joining Loan Party to the Administrative Agent and permit the Capital Stock of each Joining Loan Party to be pledged to the Administrative Agent, (iii) shall deliver evidence in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent that all Liens held by Oak Street Funding LLC have been released, terminated and discharged, and (iv) deliver, along with the joinder agreement, the documents described in Section 6.9(c) of the Credit Agreement, stock certificates and stock powers, legal opinions similar to the legal opinions delivered pursuant to Section 5.1(j) of the Credit Agreement (which opinions shall be in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Administrative Agent), and such organizational and other documentation as are reasonably requested by Administrative Agent.

3.On or prior to the date that is thirty (30) days following the Closing Date, the Loan Parties shall deliver to Administrative Agent policy endorsements to the extent required for the Loan Parties to comply with Section 4.22 and Section 6.5 of the Credit Agreement.


Exhibit 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC.

Subsidiary Jurisdiction
Benchmark Holding Company Minnesota
Benchmark Insurance Company
Kansas
American Liberty Insurance Company
Utah
7710 Insurance Company
South Carolina
Trean Corporation Minnesota
Benchmark Administrators, LLC
California
Trean Reinsurance Services, LLC
Minnesota
Westcap Insurance Services, LLC
California
Trean Compstar Holdings, LLC Delaware
Compstar Holding Company, LLC
Delaware
Compstar Insurance Services, LLC
California


Exhibit 23.1






CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-239884 on Form S-8 of our report dated March 26, 2021, relating to the financial statements of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Minneapolis, MN
March 26, 2021


Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Andrew M. O'Brien, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Trean Insurance Group, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.[Reserved];
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 26, 2021 /s/ Andrew M. O'Brien
Andrew M. O'Brien
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)



Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Julie A. Baron, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Trean Insurance Group, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.[Reserved];
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 26, 2021 /s/ Julie A. Baron
Julie A. Baron
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)



EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (the Company) for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), the undersigned hereby, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to his knowledge:

1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 26, 2021 /s/ Andrew M. O'Brien
Andrew M. O'Brien
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)



EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (the Company) for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), the undersigned hereby, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to her knowledge:

1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 26, 2021 /s/ Julie A. Baron
Julie A. Baron
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)