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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10-Q
 ☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
 OR
 ☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO      
 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-39294

 ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
Delaware85-0598378
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)		(I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
 100 South Saunders Road, Suite 300
Lake Forest, Illinois 60045
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES; ZIP CODE)
 (224) 419-7106
(REGISTRANT’S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class:    Trading Symbol(s):Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
 ASRTThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated filer☒
 Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒
 
The number of issued and outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of May 1, 2024, was 95,124,605.


ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1. 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
Item 2. 
Item 3. 
Item 4. 
Item 1. 
Item 1A. 
Item 2.
Item 6. 
2


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$80,743 $73,441 
Accounts receivable, net42,610 47,663 
Inventories, net38,602 37,686 
Prepaid and other current assets10,519 12,272 
Total current assets172,474 171,062 
Property and equipment, net704 770 
Intangible assets, net105,701 111,332 
Other long-term assets3,086 3,255 
Total assets$281,965 $286,419 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$15,650 $13,439 
Accrued rebates, returns and discounts57,870 58,137 
Accrued liabilities15,401 18,213 
Contingent consideration, current portion2,700 2,700 
Other current liabilities823 954 
Total current liabilities92,444 93,443 
Long-term debt38,621 38,514 
Other long-term liabilities16,406 16,459 
Total liabilities147,471 148,416 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 95,115,452
 and 94,668,523 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
9 9 
Additional paid-in capital790,538 789,537 
Accumulated deficit(656,053)(651,543)
Total shareholders’ equity134,494 138,003 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$281,965 $286,419 
        
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Revenues:
Product sales, net$31,862 $41,769 
Royalties and milestones586 697 
Total revenues32,448 42,466 
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales11,177 5,467 
Research and development expenses733 — 
Selling, general and administrative expenses18,524 16,904 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration— 9,167 
Amortization of intangible assets5,631 6,284 
Restructuring charges720 — 
Total costs and expenses36,785 37,822 
(Loss) income from operations(4,337)4,644 
Other (expense) income:
Debt-related expenses— (9,918)
Interest expense(757)(1,122)
Other gain 716 802 
Total other expense(41)(10,238)
Net loss before income taxes(4,378)(5,594)
Income tax (expense) benefit(132)2,110 
Net loss and comprehensive loss$(4,510)$(3,484)
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.05)$(0.07)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share94,980 51,005 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Shareholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202394,669 $9 $789,537 $(651,543)$138,003 
Common stock issuance and other impacts of the vesting and settlement of equity awards446 — (206)— (206)
Stock-based compensation— — 1,207 — 1,207 
Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (4,510)(4,510)
Balances at March 31, 202495,115 $9 $790,538 $(656,053)$134,494 


Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Shareholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202248,320 $5 $545,321 $(319,601)$225,725 
Induced exchange of convertible notes (See Note 16)
6,990 — 26,699 — 26,699 
Common stock issuance and other impacts of the vesting and settlement of equity awards352 — (722)— (722)
Stock-based compensation— — 2,446 — 2,446 
Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (3,484)(3,484)
Balances at March 31, 202355,662 $5 $573,744 $(323,085)$250,664 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20242023
Operating Activities  
Net loss$(4,510)$(3,484)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization5,696 6,484 
Amortization of debt issuance costs and Royalty Rights107 147 
Recurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities— 9,167 
Debt-related expenses— 9,918 
Provisions for inventory and other assets1,428 1,072 
Stock-based compensation1,207 2,446 
Deferred income taxes— (1,367)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable5,054 (1,109)
Inventories(2,344)(3,602)
Prepaid and other assets1,921 1,824 
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities(134)(290)
Accrued rebates, returns and discounts(267)2,887 
Interest payable(650)(1,376)
Net cash provided by operating activities7,508 22,717 
Investing Activities
Purchase of Sympazan— (105)
Net cash used in investing activities— (105)
Financing Activities
Payments in connection with 2027 Convertible Notes— (10,500)
Payment of direct transaction costs related to convertible debt inducement— (1,119)
Payment of contingent consideration— (6,609)
Payments related to the vesting and settlement of equity awards, net(206)(722)
Net cash used in financing activities(206)(18,950)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents7,302 3,662 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year73,441 64,941 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$80,743 $68,603 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Net cash paid for income taxes$11 $29 
Cash paid for interest$1,300 $2,351 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited) 
NOTE 1.  ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Organization

Assertio Holdings, Inc., or the Company, is a pharmaceutical company with comprehensive commercial capabilities offering differentiated products to patients. The Company has built its product portfolio through the acquisition or licensing of approved products. The Company’s commercial capabilities include marketing through both a sales force and a non-personal promotion model, market access through payor contracting, and trade and distribution. The Company’s primary marketed products include ROLVEDONTM (elflapegrastim-xnst) injection for subcutaneous use, INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Suppositories, INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Oral Suspension, Sympazan® (clobazam) oral film, Otrexup® (methotrexate) injection for subcutaneous use, SPRIX® (ketorolac tromethamine) Nasal Spray, CAMBIA® (diclofenac potassium for oral solution), and Zipsor® (diclofenac potassium) Liquid filled capsules. To date, substantially all of the Company’s revenues are related to product sales in the U.S.

Unless otherwise noted or required by context, use of “Assertio,” “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Assertio Holdings and/or its applicable subsidiary or subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries and the related footnote information of the Company have been prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules and regulations, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2024 or future operating periods.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in Assertio Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, as filed in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.
NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals

On July 31, 2023, (the “Effective Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”), a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company focused on novel and targeted oncology products (the “Spectrum Merger”). The Spectrum Merger was completed pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of April 24, 2023, through a merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with and into Spectrum, with Spectrum surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company accounted for the Spectrum Merger using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 and is considered the accounting acquirer.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each issued and outstanding share of Spectrum common stock as of the Effective Date was converted into the right to receive (i) 0.1783 shares of the Company’s common stock and (ii) one contingent value right (“CVR”) representing a contractual right to receive future conditional payments worth up to an aggregate maximum amount of $0.20, settleable in cash, additional shares of Assertio common stock or a combination of cash and additional shares of Assertio common stock at the Company’s sole discretion, upon the achievement of certain sales milestones related to Spectrum’s product ROLVEDON. Subject to adjustments, each CVR represents the right to receive up to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $175 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2024, and up to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $225 million during the calendar year
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ending December 31, 2025. In addition, upon consummation of the Spectrum Merger, Spectrum’s outstanding employee stock awards and other warrants that were outstanding immediately as of the Effective Date automatically vested (if unvested) and/or cancelled, as applicable, which generally resulted in the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or CVRs to the holders of such stock awards or other warrants, in each case as dictated by the terms of the Merger Agreement. These shares and CVRs issued are considered part of the consideration transferred, and no compensation expense was recognized because the settlement was a condition of the Merger Agreement and other existing individual agreements, no future performance is required by the holders, and the fair value of the shares and CVRs is equivalent to the fair value of the existing employee stock awards and other warrants.

The following table reflects the components of the consideration transferred in the Spectrum Merger (in thousands, except exchange ratio and per share data):

Assertio shares issued38,013 
Assertio closing price per share as of the Effective Date$5.69 
Fair value of Assertio shares issued$216,294 
Repayment of Spectrum's long-term debt (1)
32,647 
CVRs (2)
3,932 
Total fair value of consideration transferred$252,873 

(1)Represents settlement of Spectrum’s existing long-term debt in connection with the close of the transaction. The Company concluded it did not assume the debt, therefore the amount paid to settle the debt has been accounted for and disclosed as part of the consideration transferred.
(2)Represents the Effective Date fair value of 223,397 CVRs at $0.0176 per CVR issued to holders of Spectrum common stock, employee stock awards and warrants.

The CVRs represent a contingent consideration obligation measured at fair value and classified as liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the CVR contingent consideration is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model under the income approach and is based on Level 3 inputs. Refer to Note 18, Fair Value, for additional information. Fair value is based on the probability of achievement of 2024 and 2025 annual ROLVEDON net sales milestones. Significant assumptions include the discount rate and the probability assigned to the achievement of the net sales milestones. Achievement of both the 2024 and 2025 annual ROLVEDON net sales milestones would obligate the Company to transfer a maximum of approximately $44.7 million of additional consideration. No additional consideration would be paid by the Company if neither the 2024 nor 2025 annual ROLVEDON net sales milestones are achieved.

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The following table reflects the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Effective Date (in thousands). The fair values were based on management’s estimates and assumptions. There were no changes for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to the estimated preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The final determination was completed as of March 31, 2024.

Initial Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation to Fair Value
Adjustments to Purchase Price Allocation to Fair Value (2)
Final Purchase Price Allocation to Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$34,600 $— $34,600 
Marketable securities2,194 — 2,194 
Accounts receivable50,975 — 50,975 
Inventories22,244 61 22,305 
Prepaid and other current assets1,287 698 1,985 
Property and equipment100 — 100 
Intangible assets234,000 (13,500)220,500 
Other long-term assets1,396 — 1,396 
Total$346,796 $(12,741)$334,055 
Liabilities:
Accounts payable$10,108 $— $10,108 
Accrued rebates, returns and discounts21,025 — 21,025 
Accrued liabilities36,509 (2,343)34,166 
Other current liabilities784 — 784 
Deferred taxes34,250 (30,254)3,996 
Other long-term liabilities11,103 — 11,103 
Total$113,779 $(32,597)$81,182 
Total Spectrum net assets acquired (1)
$233,017 $19,856 $252,873 
Goodwill$19,856 $(19,856)$— 

(1)Application of the acquisition method required the Company to adjust Spectrum assets and liabilities as of the Effective Date, including certain liabilities for variable consideration associated with ROLVEDON, to reflect conformity of Spectrum’s accounting policies to those of Assertio. Liabilities assumed include certain bonuses owed to former Spectrum executives under the terms of existing employment agreements triggered by the consummation of the Spectrum Merger.
(2)Adjustments made to the preliminary purchase price allocation to fair value primarily reflect completion of studies and other analysis necessary to determine the income tax effects of the net identifiable assets acquired and further refinement of the assumptions used in the valuation supporting the ROLVEDON product rights. These adjustments did not materially impact the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

The income approach was primarily used to value the acquired intangible assets, representing rights to Spectrum’s product ROLVEDON. Significant assumptions include the amount and timing of projected future cash flows; the discount rate selected to measure the inherent risk of future cash flows; and the assessment of the product’s life cycle and the competitive trends impacting the product. The ROLVEDON product rights will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of 10 years.

There were no acquisition costs related to the Spectrum Merger recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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The following unaudited pro forma information represents the Company’s results of operations as if the Spectrum Merger had been completed as of January 1, 2023, (in thousands) and includes nonrecurring adjustments for additional costs of sales from the fair value step-up of inventories and transaction costs. The disclosure of pro forma net sales and net loss does not purport to indicate the results that would actually have been obtained had the Spectrum Merger been completed on the assumed date for the periods presented, or which may be realized in the future. The unaudited pro forma information does not reflect any operating efficiencies or cost savings that may be realized from the integration of the acquisition.

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2023
Total revenues$58,081 
Net loss(13,944)

NOTE 3. REVENUE
 
Disaggregated Revenue
 
The following table reflects total revenue, net for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands): 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Product sales, net:
ROLVEDON$14,478 $— 
INDOCIN products8,682 30,346 
Sympazan2,617 2,502 
Otrexup2,882 2,822 
SPRIX1,437 1,889 
CAMBIA1,256 2,264 
Other products510 1,946 
Total product sales, net31,862 41,769 
Royalties and milestone revenue586 697 
Total revenues$32,448 $42,466 
Product Sales, net

As a result of the Spectrum Merger, the Company began recognizing ROLVEDON sales in August 2023.

Other net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include product sales for OXAYDO and Zipsor. The Company ceased OXAYDO product sales beginning in September 2023.
Royalties and Milestone Revenue

In November 2010, the Company entered into a license agreement granting Miravo the rights to commercially market CAMBIA in Canada. Miravo independently contracts with manufacturers to produce a specific CAMBIA formulation in Canada. The Company recognized royalties revenue related to the CAMBIA licensing agreement of $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company recognized no milestone revenue associated with the completion of certain service milestones for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
NOTE 4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES, NET
 
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accounts receivable, net, consisted entirely of receivables related to product sales, net of allowances for cash discounts for prompt payment of $0.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
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NOTE 5.  INVENTORIES, NET
 
The following table reflects the components of inventory, net as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Raw materials$18,872 $10,537 
Work-in-process2,452 2,239 
Finished goods17,278 24,910 
Total inventories, net$38,602 $37,686 
The Company writes down the value of inventory for potential excess or obsolete inventories based on an analysis of inventory on hand and projected demand. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, inventory reserves were $7.3 million and $6.8 million, respectively.

NOTE 6. PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

The following table reflects prepaid and other current as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Prepaid assets and deposits$10,222 $11,973 
Other current assets297 299 
Total prepaid and other current assets$10,519 $12,272 

In August 2018, the Company entered into a Convertible Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Agreement”) with NES Therapeutic, Inc. (“NES”), pursuant to which it purchased a Convertible Secured Promissory Note (the “NES Note”). The Company’s investment in the NES Note, which is included in other current assets, is accounted for as a loan receivable and is valued at amortized cost. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has assessed an estimated $3.5 million expected credit loss reserve on its investment based on its evaluation of probability of default that exists. The expected credit loss reserve recognized in each period represents the entire aggregate principal amount and outstanding interest incurred on the NES Note as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


NOTE 7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
 
The following table reflects property and equipment, net as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Furniture and office equipment$1,908 $1,908 
Laboratory equipment20 20 
Leasehold improvements3,473 2,945 
Construction in progress— 528 
5,401 5,401 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(4,697)(4,631)
Property and equipment, net$704 $770 
 
Depreciation expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense is recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

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NOTE 8.  INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table reflects the gross carrying amounts and net book values of intangible assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands): 

 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Products rights:Remaining Useful Life
 (In years)		Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book ValueGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationImpairmentNet Book Value
ROLVEDON9.3$63,405 $(6,787)$56,618 $220,500 $(5,270)$(157,095)$58,135 
INDOCIN1.865,606 (47,413)18,193 154,100 (44,814)(88,494)20,792 
Sympazan10.614,550 (1,718)12,832 14,550 (1,415)— 13,135 
Otrexup5.716,364 (10,364)6,000 44,086 (10,103)(27,723)6,260 
SPRIX3.132,673 (20,615)12,058 39,000 (19,663)(6,327)13,010 
Total intangible Assets $192,598 $(86,897)$105,701 $472,236 $(81,265)$(279,639)$111,332 

Amortization expense was $5.6 million and $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table reflects future amortization expense the Company expects for its intangible assets (in thousands): 

Year Ending December 31,Estimated
Amortization Expense
2024 (remainder)16,894 
202522,526 
202612,130 
20279,909 
20288,322 
Thereafter35,920 
Total$105,701 

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s market capitalization declined to below the book value of the Company’s equity, which management determined represented an indicator of impairment with respect to its long-lived assets. Applying the relevant accounting guidance, the Company first assessed the recoverability of its long-lived assets. Similar to its previous assessment in the fourth quarter of 2023, as described in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K, management concluded it was appropriate to group its assets at the product level. After grouping the long-lived assets at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, the Company estimated the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the long-lived asset groups and their eventual disposition. The Company then compared the estimated undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amounts of the long-lived asset groups. Based on this test, the Company determined that the estimated undiscounted cash flows were in excess of the carrying amounts for all of the long-lived asset groups and, accordingly, that the long-lived asset groups are fully recoverable and no adjustment to their carrying values was required.
NOTE 9.  OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS
 
The following table reflects other long-term assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 

 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets$1,234 $1,269 
Prepaid asset and deposits1,155 1,289 
Other 697 697 
Total other long-term assets$3,086 $3,255 

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NOTE 10.  ACCRUED LIABILITIES
 
The following table reflects accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 

 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Accrued compensation$1,452 $2,438 
Accrued restructuring costs (See Note 20)
3,368 4,378 
Other accrued liabilities9,123 9,492 
Interest payable217 867 
Accrued royalties1,241 1,038 
Total accrued liabilities$15,401 $18,213 

NOTE 11.  DEBT
 
The following table reflects the Company’s debt as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
6.5% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2027 principal amount
$40,000$40,000
Plus: derivative liability for embedded conversion feature308308
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs(1,687)(1,794)
Carrying value38,62138,514
Less: current portion of long-term debt——
Long-term debt, net$38,621$38,514


6.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027

On August 22, 2022, Assertio entered into a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), with U.S. Bank Trust Company as the trustee (the “2027 Convertible Note Trustee”) of the initial purchasers (the “Initial Purchasers”) to issue $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Convertible Notes”). Under the Purchase Agreement, the Initial Purchasers were also granted an overallotment option to purchase up to an additional $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes solely to cover overallotment (the “Overallotment Option”) within a 13-day period from the date the initial 2027 Convertible Notes were issued. On August 24, 2022, the Initial Purchasers exercised the Overallotment Option in full for the $10.0 million aggregate principal of additional 2027 Convertible Notes. The 2027 Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company.

On February 27, 2023, the Company completed a privately negotiated exchange of $30.0 million principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Note Exchange”). As a result of the Convertible Note Exchange in the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded an induced conversion expense of approximately $8.8 million and direct transaction costs of approximately $1.1 million, the total of which is reported in Debt-related expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The induced conversion expense represents the fair value of the consideration transferred in the Convertible Note Exchange in excess of the fair value of common stock issuable under the original terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes.

The terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated August 25, 2022 (the “2027 Convertible Note Indenture”). The terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes allow for conversion into the Company’s common stock, cash, or a combination of cash and common stock, at the Company’s election only, at an initial conversion rate of 244.2003 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount (equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $4.09 per share), subject to adjustments specified in the 2027 Convertible Note Indenture (the “Conversion Rate”). The 2027 Convertible Notes will mature on September 1, 2027, unless earlier repurchased or converted.

The 2027 Convertible Notes bear interest from August 25, 2022, at a rate of 6.5% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on March 1, 2023.

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Pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries must comply with certain covenants, including mergers, consolidations, and divestitures; guarantees of debt by subsidiaries; issuance of preferred and/or disqualified stock; and liens on the Company’s properties or assets. The Company was in compliance with its covenants with respect to the 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2024.

The following table reflects the carrying balance of the 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Principal balance$40,000 $40,000 
Derivative liability for embedded conversion feature308 308 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(1,687)(1,794)
Carrying balance$38,621 $38,514 

The debt issuance costs incurred related to the 2027 Convertible Notes are recognized as a debt discount and are being amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2027 Convertible Notes using the effective interest method, with an effective interest rate determined to be 7.8%. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company amortized $0.1 million of the debt discount on the 2027 Convertible Notes.

The Company determined that an embedded conversion feature included in the 2027 Convertible Notes required bifurcation from the host contract and to be recognized as a separate derivative liability carried at fair value. See Note 18, Fair Value, for further details around the estimated fair value of the derivative liability. All of the other embedded features of the 2027 Convertible Notes were clearly and closely related to the debt host and did not require bifurcation as a derivative liability, or the fair value of the bifurcated features was immaterial to the Company’s financial statements.
    
Interest Expense

The following table reflects debt-related interest included in Interest expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Interest on 2027 Convertible Notes$650$975
Amortization of debt issuance costs107147
Total interest expense$757$1,122

NOTE 12.  OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

The following table reflects other long-term liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
ROLVEDON product royalties$9,224 $9,224 
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities1,350 1,470 
Liability for uncertain tax provisions4,620 4,553 
Deferred employee retention credits1,212 1,212 
Total other long-term liabilities$16,406 $16,459 

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NOTE 13.  STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
    
The Company’s stock-based compensation generally includes time-based restricted stock units (“RSU”) and options, as well as performance-based RSUs and options.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, stock-based compensation of $1.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, was recognized in Selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 0.9 million RSUs at a weighted-average fair market value of $0.80 per share, and 3.0 million options at a weighted-average fair market value of $0.77 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company granted 0.5 million RSUs at a weighted-average fair market value of $5.15 per share, and 0.6 million options at a weighted-average fair market value of $4.39 per share.


NOTE 14.  LEASES

As of March 31, 2024, the Company has a non-cancelable operating lease for its corporate office, which is located in Lake Forest, Illinois (the “Lake Forest Lease”). On May 1, 2023, the Company amended the Lake Forest Lease to reduce the size of leased premises and extend the term of the lease through December 31, 2030. Additionally, in connection with the Spectrum Merger, the Company assumed leases for two facilities and certain office equipment which Spectrum had previously been the lessee.

The following table reflects lease expense and income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
Financial Statement Classification20242023
Operating lease costSelling, general and administrative expenses$66 $39 
The following table reflects supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$282 $104 
The following table reflects supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Financial Statement ClassificationMarch 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOther long-term assets$1,234 $1,269 
Liabilities
Current operating lease liabilitiesOther current liabilities$797 $928 
Noncurrent operating lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities1,350 1,470 
Total lease liabilities$2,147 $2,398 


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NOTE 15.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Jubilant HollisterStier Manufacturing and Supply Agreement

In connection with the Company’s merger with Zyla Life Sciences (“Zyla”) in May 2020 (the “Zyla Merger”), the Company assumed a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement (the “Jubilant HollisterStier Agreement”) with Jubilant HollisterStier LLC (“JHS”) pursuant to which the Company engaged JHS to provide certain services related to the manufacture and supply of SPRIX for the Company’s commercial use. Under the Jubilant HollisterStier Agreement, JHS is responsible for supplying a minimum of 75% of the Company’s annual requirements of SPRIX. The Company agreed to purchase a minimum number of batches of SPRIX per calendar year from JHS over the term of the Jubilant HollisterStier Agreement. Total annual commitments to JHS are approximately $1.5 million.

Antares Supply Agreement

In connection with the Otrexup acquisition, the Company entered into a supply agreement with Antares pursuant to which Antares will manufacture and supply the finished Otrexup products (the “Antares Supply Agreement”). Under the Antares Supply Agreement, the Company has agreed to annual minimum purchase obligations from Antares, which approximate $2.0 million annually. The Antares Supply Agreement has an initial term through December 2031 with renewal terms beyond.

Hanmi Supply Agreement

In connection with the Spectrum Merger, the Company assumed a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement (the “Hanmi Agreement”) with Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (“Hanmi”) pursuant to which the Company engaged Hanmi to provide certain services related to the manufacture and supply of ROLVEDON for the Company’s commercial use. The Company has agreed to purchase a minimum number of batches totaling approximately $19.1 million in 2024 and $3.8 million in 2025. The Company has purchased $8.4 million of inventory from Hanmi during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

General
The Company is currently involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company recognizes a loss contingency provision in its financial statements when it concludes that a contingent liability is probable, and the amount thereof is estimable. Costs associated with the Company’s involvement in legal proceedings are expensed as incurred. Amounts accrued for legal contingencies are based on management’s best estimate of a loss based upon the status of the cases described below, assessments of the likelihood of damages, and the advice of counsel and often result from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties that rely heavily on estimates and assumptions including timing of related payments. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had a legal contingency accrual of approximately $3.2 million. The Company continues to monitor each matter and adjust accruals as warranted based on new information and further developments in accordance with ASC 450-20-25. For matters discussed below for which a loss is not probable, or a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, no liability has been recorded. Provisions for loss contingencies are recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss and the related accruals are recorded in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Other than matters disclosed below, the Company may from time to time become party to actions, claims, suits, investigations or proceedings arising from the ordinary course of its business, including actions with respect to intellectual property claims, breach of contract claims, labor and employment claims and other matters. The Company may also become party to further litigation in federal and state courts relating to opioid drugs. Although actions, claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty, other than the matters set forth below, the Company is not currently involved in any matters that the Company believes may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. However, regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of associated cost and diversion of management time.

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Glumetza Antitrust Litigation
Antitrust class actions and related direct antitrust actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and several other defendants relating to its former drug Glumetza®. The plaintiffs sought to represent a putative class of direct purchasers of Glumetza. In addition, several retailers, including CVS Pharmacy, Inc., Rite Aid Corporation, Walgreen Co., the Kroger Co., the Albertsons Companies, Inc., H-E-B, L.P., and Hy-Vee, Inc. (the “Retailer Plaintiffs”), filed substantially similar direct purchaser antitrust claims in the same District Court.

On July 30, 2020, Humana Inc. (“Humana”) also filed a complaint against the Company and several other defendants in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California alleging similar claims related to Glumetza. The claims asserted by Humana in its federal case were ultimately withdrawn, and analogous claims were instead asserted by Humana in an action it filed in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Alameda on February 8, 2021, and subsequently amended in September 2021. Additionally, on April 5, 2022, Health Care Service Corporation (“HCSC”) filed a complaint against the Company and the same other defendants in the California Superior Court of Alameda alleging similar claims related to Glumetza.

These antitrust cases arise out of a Settlement and License Agreement (the “Settlement”) that the Company, Santarus, Inc. (“Santarus”) and Lupin Limited (“Lupin”) entered into in February 2012 that resolved patent infringement litigation filed by the Company against Lupin regarding Lupin’s Abbreviated New Drug Application for generic 500 mg and 1000 mg tablets of Glumetza. The antitrust plaintiffs allege, among other things, that the Settlement violated the antitrust laws because it allegedly included a “reverse payment” that caused Lupin to delay its entry in the market with a generic version of Glumetza. The alleged “reverse payment” is an alleged commitment on the part of the settling parties not to launch an authorized generic version of Glumetza for a certain period. The antitrust plaintiffs allege that the Company and its co-defendants, which include Lupin as well as Bausch Health (the alleged successor in interest to Santarus), are liable for damages under the antitrust laws for overcharges that the antitrust plaintiffs allege they paid when they purchased the branded version of Glumetza due to delayed generic entry. Plaintiffs seek treble damages for alleged past harm, attorneys’ fees and costs.

On September 14, 2021, the Retailer Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed all claims against the Company pursuant to a settlement agreement with the Company in return for $3.15 million. On February 3, 2022, the District Court issued its final order approving a settlement of the direct purchaser class plaintiffs’ claims against the Company in return for $3.85 million.

With respect to the California state court lawsuits, on November 24, 2021, the state court granted in part and denied in part a demurrer by the defendants in the Humana action. That case was consolidated in November 2022 with the HCSC action for pre-trial and trial purposes. On July 5, 2023, the state court denied a motion for judgment on the pleadings filed by the defendants in the Humana action. These California state cases are now in the midst of discovery, and trial is scheduled for December 2024.

The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in the consolidated California state court lawsuits. A liability for this matter has been recorded in the financial statements.

Opioid-Related Request and Subpoenas

As a result of the greater public awareness of the public health issue of opioid abuse, there has been increased scrutiny of, and investigation into, the commercial practices of opioid manufacturers generally by federal, state, and local regulatory and governmental agencies. In March 2017, Assertio Therapeutics received a letter from then-Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-MO), the then-Ranking Member on the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, requesting certain information regarding Assertio Therapeutics’ historical commercialization of opioid products. Assertio Therapeutics voluntarily furnished information responsive to Sen. McCaskill’s request. Since 2017, Assertio Therapeutics has received and responded to subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) seeking documents and information regarding its historical sales and marketing of opioid products. Assertio Therapeutics has also received and responded to subpoenas or civil investigative demands focused on its historical promotion and sales of Lazanda, NUCYNTA, and NUCYNTA ER from various state attorneys general seeking documents and information regarding Assertio Therapeutics’ historical sales and marketing of opioid products. In addition, Assertio Therapeutics received and responded to a subpoena from the State of California Department of Insurance (“CDI”) seeking information relating to its historical sales and marketing of Lazanda. The CDI subpoena also sought information on Gralise, a non-opioid product formerly in Assertio Therapeutics’ portfolio. In addition, Assertio Therapeutics received and responded to a subpoena from the New York Department of Financial Services seeking information relating to its historical sales and marketing of opioid products. The Company has also received a subpoena from the New York Attorney General in May 2023, pursuant to which the New York Attorney General is seeking information concerning the sales and marketing of opioid products (Lazanda, NUCYNTA, NUCYNTA ER, and OXAYDO) by Assertio Therapeutics and Zyla. The
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Company also from time to time receives and responds to subpoenas from governmental authorities related to investigations primarily focused on third parties, including healthcare practitioners. The Company is cooperating with the foregoing governmental investigations and inquiries.

In July 2022, the Company became aware that the DOJ issued a press release stating that it had settled claims against a physician whom the DOJ alleged had received payments for paid speaking and consulting work from two pharmaceutical companies, including Depomed, Inc. (“Depomed,” now known as Assertio Therapeutics), in exchange for prescribing certain of the companies’ respective products. As part of the settlement, the physician did not admit liability for such claims and the press release stated that there has been no determination of any liability for such claims. The Company denies any wrongdoing and disputes the DOJ’s characterization of the payments from Depomed.

Multidistrict and Other Federal Opioid Litigation
A number of pharmaceutical manufacturers, distributors and other industry participants have been named in numerous lawsuits around the country brought by various groups of plaintiffs, including city and county governments, hospitals, individuals and others. In general, the lawsuits assert claims arising from defendants’ manufacturing, distributing, marketing and promoting of FDA-approved opioid drugs. The specific legal theories asserted vary from case to case, but the lawsuits generally include federal and/or state statutory claims, as well as claims arising under state common law. Plaintiffs seek various forms of damages, injunctive and other relief and attorneys’ fees and costs.
For such cases filed in or removed to federal court, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation issued an order in December 2017, establishing a Multi-District Litigation court (“MDL Court”) in the Northern District of Ohio (In re National Prescription Opiate Litigation, Case No. 1:17-MD-2804). Since that time, more than 2,000 such cases that were originally filed in U.S. District Courts, or removed to federal court from state court, have been filed in or transferred to the MDL Court. Assertio Therapeutics is currently involved in a subset of the lawsuits that have been filed in or transferred to the MDL Court. Assertio Holdings has also been named in six such cases. In April 2022, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation issued an order stating that it would no longer transfer new opioid cases to the MDL Court. Since that time, Assertio Therapeutics has been named in lawsuits pending in federal courts outside of the MDL Court (in Georgia and New York). Plaintiffs may file additional lawsuits in which the Company may be named, and plaintiffs may also seek leave to add the Company to lawsuits already on file in the MDL Court. Plaintiffs in the pending federal cases involving Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdings include individuals; county, municipal and other governmental entities; employee benefit plans, health insurance providers and other payors; hospitals, health clinics and other health care providers; Native American tribes; and non-profit organizations who assert, for themselves and in some cases for a putative class, federal and state statutory claims and state common law claims, such as conspiracy, nuisance, fraud, negligence, gross negligence, negligent and intentional infliction of emotional distress, deceptive trade practices, and products liability claims (defective design/failure to warn). In these cases, plaintiffs seek a variety of forms of relief, including actual damages to compensate for alleged personal injuries and for alleged past and future costs such as to provide care and services to persons with opioid-related addiction or related conditions, injunctive relief, including to prohibit alleged deceptive marketing practices and abate an alleged nuisance, establishment of a compensation fund, establishment of medical monitoring programs, disgorgement of profits, punitive and statutory treble damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. No trial date has been set for any of these lawsuits, which are at an early stage of proceedings. Assertio Therapeutics and Assertio Holdings intend to defend themselves vigorously in these matters.
State Opioid Litigation

Related to the federal cases noted above, there have been hundreds of similar lawsuits filed in state courts around the country, in which various groups of plaintiffs assert opioid-drug related claims against similar groups of defendants. Assertio Therapeutics is currently named in a subset of those cases, including cases in Delaware, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Texas and Utah. Assertio Holdings is named as a defendant in one of these cases in Pennsylvania. Plaintiffs may file additional lawsuits in which the Company may be named. In the pending cases involving Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdings, plaintiffs are asserting state common law and statutory claims against the defendants, and the majority of those cases are similar in nature to the claims asserted in the MDL cases. Plaintiffs are seeking actual damages, disgorgement of profits, injunctive relief, punitive and statutory treble damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. The state lawsuits in which Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdings has been served are generally each at an early stage of proceedings. Assertio Therapeutics and Assertio Holdings intend to defend themselves vigorously in these matters.

Insurance Litigation

On January 15, 2019, Assertio Therapeutics was named as a defendant in a declaratory judgment action filed by Navigators Specialty Insurance Company (“Navigators”) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (Case No. 3:19-cv-255). Navigators was Assertio Therapeutics’ primary product liability insurer. Navigators was seeking declaratory
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judgment that opioid litigation claims noticed by Assertio Therapeutics (as further described above under “Multidistrict and Other Federal Opioid Litigation” and “State Opioid Litigation”) are not covered by Assertio Therapeutics’ life sciences liability policies with Navigators. On February 3, 2021, Assertio Therapeutics entered into a Confidential Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release with Navigators to resolve the declaratory judgment action and Assertio Therapeutics’ counterclaims. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the parties settled and the coverage action was dismissed without prejudice.

During the first quarter of 2021, Assertio Therapeutics received $5.0 million in insurance reimbursement for previous opioid-related spend, which was recognized within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021.

On July 16, 2021, Assertio Therapeutics filed a complaint for declaratory relief against one of its excess products liability insurers, Lloyd’s of London Newline Syndicate 1218 and related entities (“Newline”), in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Alameda. Newline removed the case to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (Case No. 3:21-cv-06642). Assertio Therapeutics was seeking a declaratory judgment that Newline has a duty to defend Assertio Therapeutics or, alternatively, to reimburse Assertio Therapeutics’ attorneys’ fees and other defense costs for opioid litigation claims noticed by Assertio Therapeutics. On May 18, 2022, Assertio Therapeutics entered into a Confidential Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release with Newline to resolve Assertio Therapeutics’ declaratory judgment action. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the parties settled and the coverage action was dismissed with prejudice.

During the second quarter of 2022, Assertio Therapeutics received $2.0 million in insurance reimbursement for previous opioid-related spend, which was recognized within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the year ended December 31, 2022.

On April 1, 2022, Assertio Therapeutics filed a complaint against its former insurance broker, Woodruff-Sawyer & Co. (“Woodruff”), in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Alameda (Case No. 22CV009380). Assertio Therapeutics alleged claims for negligence and breach of fiduciary duty in connection with Woodruff’s negotiation and procurement of products liability insurance coverage for Assertio Therapeutics. On April 26, 2024, Assertio Therapeutics and Woodruff executed a binding settlement term sheet to resolve Assertio Therapeutics’ claims.

Stockholder Actions

Shapiro v. Assertio Holdings, Inc., et al., U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Case No. 1:24-cv-00169. On January 5, 2024, this putative securities class action lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder, alleging that Assertio and certain of its current and former executive officers made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts regarding the likely impact of INDOCIN sales and the Spectrum Merger on Assertio’s profitability in violation of Sections 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). On April 11, 2024, the court appointed Continental General Insurance Company as the lead plaintiff. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Edwards v. Assertio Holdings, Inc., et al., Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, Case No. 2024-0151. On February 19, 2024, this putative securities class action lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder, alleging that certain former officers and directors of Spectrum breached their fiduciary duties in connection the Spectrum Merger, and that Guggenheim Securities LLC and Assertio aided and abetted such fiduciary duty breaches. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Jung v. Peisert, et al., U.S. District Court, Delaware, Case No. 1:24-cv-00383-UNA. On March 26, 2024, this putative stockholder derivative action was filed against the Company (as a nominal defendant) and certain of its current and former executive offers and directors. The stockholder derivative complaint alleges, inter alia, that certain of the Company’s current and former executive officers and directors are liable to the Company, pursuant to Section 10(b) and 21(d) of the Exchange Act for contribution and indemnification, relating to allegedly false or misleading statements and alleged failure to disclose material facts regarding the likely impact of INDOCIN sales and the Spectrum Merger on the Company’s profitability. The complaint further alleges that certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors breached their fiduciary duties, and that certain of the Company’s directors negligently violated Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, by allegedly causing such false or misleading statements to be issued and/or failing to disclose material facts about such matters. The allegations state that as a result of the violations, certain of the Company’s current and former executive officers and directors committed acts of gross mismanagement, abuse of control, or were unjustly enriched. The plaintiffs generally seek corporate reforms, damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and other unspecified equitable relief.

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Luo v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., U.S. District Court, District of Nevada, Case No. 2:21-cv-01612. On August 31, 2021, this putative securities class action lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder, alleging that Spectrum and certain of its former executive officers and directors made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts about Spectrum’s business and the prospects of approval for its Biologic License Application (“BLA”) to the FDA for eflapegrastim (ROLVEDON) in violation of Section 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act. On November 1, 2021, four individuals and one entity filed competing motions to be appointed lead plaintiff and for approval of counsel. On July 28, 2022, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff and counsel for the putative class. On September 26, 2022, an amended complaint was filed alleging, inter alia, false and misleading statements with respect to ROLVEDON manufacturing operations and controls and adding allegations that defendants misled investors about the efficacy of, clinical trial data and market need for poziotinib during a Class Period of March 7, 2018 to August 5, 2021. The amended complaint seeks damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and such other relief as may be determined by the Court. On November 30, 2022, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which was fully briefed as of February 27, 2023. On February 6, 2024, the Court held a hearing on the motion to dismiss and issued an order dismissing the lawsuit without prejudice to the lead plaintiff’s ability to replead their claims. The lead plaintiff filed a further amended complaint on March 29, 2024. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Christiansen v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-10292 (filed December 5, 2022 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York) (the “New York Action”). Three additional related putative securities class action lawsuits were subsequently filed by Spectrum shareholders against Spectrum and certain of its former executive officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York: Osorio-Franco v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-10292 (filed December 5, 2022); Cummings v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-10677 (filed December 19, 2022); and Carneiro v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:23-cv-00767 (filed January 30, 2023). These three New York lawsuits allege that Spectrum and certain of its former executive officers made false or misleading statements about, inter alia, the safety and efficacy of and clinical trial data for poziotinib in violation of Section 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and seek remedies including damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and such other relief as may be determined by the Court. On February 15, 2023, the Court consolidated the three New York lawsuits. On March 21, 2023, the Court entered an order designating Steven Christiansen as the lead plaintiff. Lead plaintiff Christiansen filed an amended consolidated complaint in the New York Action under the caption Christiansen v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc, et al., on May 30, 2023, alleging a Class Period between March 17, 2022 and September 2022. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated New York Action on July 25, 2023, which was fully briefed as of October 19, 2023. On January 23, 2024, the Court granted the motion to dismiss in part as to five of the challenged statements but denied the motion to dismiss as to two specific statements. The Company filed its answer to the complaint on March 8, 2024. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Csaba v. Turgeon, et. al (filed December 15, 2021 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada); Shumacher v. Turgeon, et. al (filed March 15, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada); Johnson v. Turgeon, et. al (filed March 29, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada); Raul v. Turgeon, et. al (filed April 28, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Delaware); and Albayrak v. Turgeon, et. al (filed June 9, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada). These putative stockholder derivative actions were filed against Spectrum (as a nominal defendant) and certain of Spectrum’s former executive officers and directors. The stockholder derivative complaints allege, inter alia, that certain of Spectrum’s former executive officers are liable to Spectrum, pursuant to Section 10(b) and 21(d) of the Exchange Act for contribution and indemnification, if they are deemed (in the Luo class action), to have made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts about Spectrum’s business and the prospects of approval for its BLA to the FDA for eflapegrastim. The complaints generally but not uniformly further allege that certain of Spectrum’s former officers and directors breached their fiduciary duties, and certain of Spectrum’s former directors negligently violated Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, by allegedly causing such false or misleading statements to be issued and/or failing to disclose material facts about Spectrum’s business and the prospects of approval for its BLA to the FDA for eflapegrastim. The allegations state that as a result of the violations, certain of Spectrum’s former executive officers and directors committed acts of gross mismanagement, abuse of control, or were unjustly enriched. The plaintiffs generally seek corporate reforms, damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and other unspecified equitable relief. The parties have agreed to stay these derivative actions until there is a decision in the Luo Nevada securities class action either denying a motion to dismiss in whole or in part, or dismissing that securities class action with prejudice.

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NOTE 16. SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY

Issuance of Common Stock in the Spectrum Merger

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, shares of Spectrum common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Date, as well as Spectrum restricted stock units, certain stock appreciation rights, certain options to purchase Spectrum common stock, and warrants to purchase Spectrum common stock, which, in each case, were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Date and were either vested or became vested as a result of the Spectrum Merger on the Effective Date, were converted into the right to receive fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s common stock based on the exchange ratio as set forth in the Merger Agreement (see Note 2, Acquisitions) and the CVRs. Accordingly, on the Effective Date the Company issued approximately 38.0 million shares of its common stock to the previous holders of Spectrum common stock, net of a fractional share settlement.

Exchanged Convertible Notes

In connection with the Convertible Note Exchange (See Note 11, Debt) in the first quarter of 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $10.5 million in cash and issued an aggregate of approximately 7.0 million shares of its common stock in partial settlement of the 2027 Convertible Notes (the “Exchanged Notes”). The Company did not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the shares of its common stock but recognized additional paid-in capital of $28.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, related to the common stock share issuance, net of approximately $1.6 million of unamortized issuance costs related to the Exchanged Notes.

NOTE 17.  NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus potentially dilutive common shares, consisting of stock-based awards and equivalents, and convertible debt. For the purposes of this calculation, stock-based awards and convertible debt are considered to be potential common shares and are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. The Company uses the treasury-stock method to compute diluted earnings per share with respect to its stock-based awards and equivalents. The Company uses the if-converted method to compute diluted earnings per share with respect to its convertible debt. Under the if-converted method, the Company assumes any convertible debt outstanding was converted at the beginning of each period presented when the effect is dilutive. As a result, interest expense, net of tax, and any other income statement impact associated with the 2027 Convertible Notes, net of tax, is added back to net loss used in the diluted earnings per share calculation. Additionally, the diluted shares used in the diluted earnings per share calculation includes the potential dilution effect of the convertible debt if converted into the Company’s common stock. As the Company was in a loss position for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company’s potentially dilutive stock-based awards and convertible debt were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share, because to do so would be anti-dilutive.

The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted loss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except for per share amounts):

 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Basic and diluted net loss per share
Net loss$(4,510)$(3,484)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding94,980 51,005 
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.05)$(0.07)
 
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The following table reflects outstanding potentially dilutive common shares that are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share, because to do so would be anti-dilutive, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Convertible notes9,768 14,489 
Stock-based awards and equivalents8,422 8,271 
Total potentially dilutive common shares18,190 22,760 

NOTE 18.  FAIR VALUE

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
 
•Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
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The following table reflects the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

March 31, 2024Financial Statement ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
U.S. TreasuriesCash and cash equivalents$— $36,518 $— $36,518 
U.S. Government agenciesCash and cash equivalents— 2,750 — 2,750 
Money market fundsCash and cash equivalents40,168 — — 40,168 
Total$40,168 $39,268 $— $79,436 
Liabilities:
Short-term contingent considerationContingent consideration, current portion$— $— $2,700 $2,700 
Derivative liabilityLong-term debt— — 308 308 
Total$— $— $3,008 $3,008 

December 31, 2023Financial Statement ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
U.S. TreasuriesCash and cash equivalents$— $35,458 $— $35,458 
U.S. Government agenciesCash and cash equivalents— 3,294 — 3,294 
Money market fundsCash and cash equivalents32,534 — — 32,534 
Total$32,534 $38,752 $— $71,286 
Liabilities:
Short-term contingent considerationContingent consideration, current portion$— $— $2,700 $2,700 
Derivative liabilityLong-term debt— — 308 308 
Total$— $— $3,008 $3,008 
    
Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its cash in money market funds and marketable securities including U.S. Treasury and government agency securities, commercial paper, and higher quality debt securities of financial and commercial institutions. The Company classified money market funds as Level 1, due to their short-term maturity, and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company classified commercial paper, U.S. Treasury and government agency securities as Level 2, as the inputs used to value these instruments are directly observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets.

Contingent Consideration Obligations

Spectrum Merger Contingent Variable Rights

In connection with the Spectrum Merger, the Company issued CVRs (See Note 2, Acquisitions) that represent a contingent consideration obligation which is measured at fair value.

As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s CVR liability related to the Spectrum Merger was determined by the Company to be zero. Accordingly, the Company recognized no expense or benefit for the change in fair value of the CVR contingent consideration during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The fair value of the CVR contingent consideration is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model under the income approach based on the probability of achievement of ROLVEDON net sales milestones using projections of 2024 and 2025 net sales and discounted to present value. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 2024 included updated projections of future ROLVEDON product net sales, which resulted in no probability of achievement under the Monte Carlo simulation.

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Zyla Merger Contingent Consideration Obligation

In connection with the Zyla Merger, the Company assumed a contingent consideration obligation which is measured at fair value. The Company has obligations to make contingent consideration payments for future royalties to an affiliate of CR Group L.P. based upon annual INDOCIN product net sales over $20.0 million at a 20% royalty through January 2029. The Company classified the acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities to be settled in cash as Level 3, due to the lack of relevant observable inputs and market activity. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the INDOCIN product contingent consideration was determined to be $2.7 million and has been classified as current contingent consideration in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized an expense of zero and $9.2 million, respectively, for the change in fair value of contingent consideration, which was recognized in Change in fair value of contingent consideration in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. The fair value of the contingent consideration incurred in the Zyla Merger is determined using an option pricing model under the income approach based on estimated INDOCIN product revenues through January 2029 and discounted to present value. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 2024 included revenue volatility of 15%, discount rate of 5.5%, credit spread of 9.2% and projections of future INDOCIN product revenues.

The following table summarizes changes in fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration obligations that are measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Fair value, beginning of the period$2,700 $48,500 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration recorded within costs and expenses— 9,167 
Cash payment related to contingent consideration— (6,609)
Fair value, end of the period$2,700 $51,058 

Derivative Liability
The Company determined that an embedded conversion feature included in the 2027 Convertible Notes required bifurcation from the host contract and to be recognized as a separate derivative liability carried at fair value. The estimated fair value of the derivative liability, which represents a Level 3 valuation, was $0.3 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and was determined using a binomial lattice model using certain assumptions and consideration of an increased conversion ratio on the underlying convertible notes that could result from the occurrence of certain events. The significant assumption used in the binomial lattice model is a credit spread of 8.8%.

There was no change in the fair value of the derivative liability for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Financial Instruments Not Required to be Remeasured at Fair Value

The Company’s other financial assets and liabilities are not remeasured to fair value, as the carrying cost of each approximates its fair value. As of March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Convertible Notes, excluding the bifurcated embedded conversion option, was approximately $33.8 million, compared to a par value of $40.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Convertible Notes, excluding the bifurcated embedded conversion option, was approximately $35.7 million, compared to a par value of $40.0 million. The Company estimated the fair value of its 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 based on a market approach which represents a Level 2 valuation.

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NOTE 19.  INCOME TAXES

As of March 31, 2024, the Company has concluded that it is not more likely than not that it will realize the net deferred tax asset recorded as of March 31, 2024. As a result, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset recorded as of March 31, 2024. The valuation allowance is determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes, which require an assessment of both negative and positive evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. The Company primarily relied on its reversing taxable temporary differences to assess its valuation allowance, which resulted in recording a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets during the quarter. If it is determined that a portion or all of the valuation allowance is not required, it will generally be a benefit to the income tax provision in the period such determination is made.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.1 million. The difference between the income tax expense and the tax at the federal statutory rate of 21.0% on current year operations is principally due to the impact of the valuation allowance and state income taxes.

NOTE 20.  RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

In August 2023, the Company implemented a reorganization plan of its workforce and other resources primarily designed to realize the synergies of the Spectrum Merger (the “Spectrum Reorganization Plan”). The Spectrum Reorganization Plan was primarily focused on the reduction of staff at the Company’s headquarters office and the exit of certain leased facilities and office equipment. The Company expects the recognition of any additional costs and all cash payments under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan to be completed by the end of 2024.

The staff reductions under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan were the result of a distinct severance plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and were not executed as part of established Company policies or plans. Total employee compensation costs recognized under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan through March 31, 2024, were approximately $3.3 million. In addition, the leased facilities and office equipment referenced above are not expected to be used for any business purpose, and the Company will not sublease the facilities and office equipment due to the short remaining lease terms. The facility exit costs represent the acceleration of the underlying right-of-use asset amortization to align with the cease use date for the abandoned facilities and office equipment. Total facility exit costs recognized under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan through March 31, 2024, were approximately $1.3 million. There were no remaining facility exit costs expected to be recognized by the Company under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan as of March 31, 2024.

Effective as of January 2, 2024, the Company separated from the service of its former President and Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to his then existing Management Continuity Agreement with the Company, the former President and Chief Executive Officer was entitled to severance compensation and benefits of approximately $1.5 million, which was recognized as Restructuring charges within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for year ended December 31, 2023, the period in which the separation and related severance benefit was determined to be probable. The Company does not expect to recognize any additional restructuring charges related to the separation from the former President and Chief Executive Officer.

The Company recognized restructuring charges of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, all of which related to employee compensation costs. The Company recognized no restructuring charges for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s accrued restructuring liability for employee compensation costs, which is classified within Accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
 Employee compensation costs
Balance as of December 31, 2023$4,378 
Restructuring charges720 
Cash paid(1,730)
Balance as of March 31, 2024$3,368 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Statements made in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “anticipate,” “approximate”, “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “prospective,” “pursue,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will” and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not necessarily limited to, those relating to:
 
•our ability to grow sales of ROLVEDON and the commercial success and market acceptance of ROLVEDON and our other products, including the coverage of our products by payors and pharmacy benefit managers;

•our ability to successfully develop and execute our sales, marketing and promotion strategies using our sales force and non-personal promotion model capabilities, including developing and maintaining relationships with customers, physicians, payors and other constituencies;

•the entry and sales of generics of our products and/or other products competitive with any of our products (including indomethacin suppositories compounded by hospitals and other institutions including a 503B compounder which we believe is violating certain provisions of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act);

•the timing and impact of additional generic approvals and uncertainty around the recent approvals and launches of generic INDOCIN products (which are not patent protected and now face generic competition as a result of the August 2023 approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories and January 2024 approval and subsequent launch of a generic indomethacin oral suspension product) on our future results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows;

•our ability to successfully execute our business strategy, business development, strategic partnerships, and investment opportunities to build and grow for the future, including through product acquisitions, commercialization agreements, licensing or technology agreements, equity investments, and business combinations;

•our ability to achieve the expected financial performance from products we acquire, as well as delays, challenges and expenses, and unexpected liabilities and costs associated with integrating and operating newly-acquired products, including our expectations around the sales and growth prospect of ROLVEDON;

•our expectations regarding industry trends, including pricing pressures and managed healthcare practices;

•our ability to execute on and realize anticipated benefits from our reorganization plan in connection with the Spectrum Merger;

•our ability to attract and retain executive leadership and key employees, including in connection with our ongoing search for a permanent Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”);

•the ability of our third-party manufacturers to manufacture adequate quantities of commercially salable inventory and active pharmaceutical ingredients for each of our products on commercially reasonable terms and in compliance with their contractual obligations to us, and our ability to maintain our supply chain which relies on single-source suppliers;

•the outcome of, and our intentions with respect to, any litigation or government investigations, including pending and potential future shareholder litigation relating to the Spectrum Merger and/or the approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories in the second half of 2023, antitrust litigation, opioid-related government investigations and opioid-related litigation, as well as Spectrum’s legacy shareholder and other litigation, and other disputes and litigation, and the costs and expenses associated therewith;

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•the timing, cost and results of our clinical studies and other research and development efforts, including the extent to which data from the ROLVEDON same-day dosing trial, if and when completed, may support our ongoing commercialization efforts;

•our compliance or non-compliance with, or being subject to, legal and regulatory requirements related to the development or promotion of pharmaceutical products in the United States (“U.S.”);

•the potential impacts of future outbreaks of epidemics, pandemics or other diseases on our liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which we rely, including suppliers and distributors;

•our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products and operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others;

•our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from our business to fund operations and to make payments on our indebtedness, our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness, if necessary, and our compliance with the terms and conditions of the agreements governing our indebtedness;

•our ability to raise additional capital or refinance our debt, if necessary;

•our intentions or expectations regarding the use of available funds and any future earnings or the use of net proceeds from securities offerings;

•our commitments and estimates regarding future obligations, contingent consideration obligations and other expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

•our counterparties’ compliance or non-compliance with their obligations under our agreements;

•variations in revenues obtained from commercialization agreements, including contingent milestone payments, royalties, license fees and other contract revenues, including non-recurring revenues, and the accounting treatment with respect thereto;

•the estimation, projection or availability of net operating losses or credit carryforwards;

•the potential impacts of adverse business and economic conditions including inflationary pressures, economic slowdown or recession, relatively high interest rates, changes in monetary policy, potential U.S. federal government shutdowns, geopolitical conflicts and financial institution instability; and
•our common stock maintaining compliance with The Nasdaq Capital Market’s minimum closing bid requirement of at least $1.00 per share, particularly in light of our stock trading below or only slight above $1.00 per share recently.

Factors that could cause actual results or conditions to differ from those anticipated by these and other forward-looking statements include those more fully described and incorporated by reference in the “RISK FACTORS” section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2024 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement publicly, or to revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or developments occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if new information becomes available in the future.

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COMPANY OVERVIEW

We are a pharmaceutical company with comprehensive commercial capabilities offering differentiated products to patients. We have built our product portfolio through the acquisition or licensing of approved products. Our commercial capabilities include marketing through both a sales force and a non-personal promotion model, market access through payor contracting, and trade and distribution. Our primary marketed products are:

ROLVEDONTM (eflapegrastim-xnst) injection for subcutaneous use
A long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with a novel formulation that is indicated to decrease the incidence of infection, as manifested by febrile neutropenia, in adult patients with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anti-cancer drugs associated with clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia.
INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Suppositories
A suppository and oral solution of indomethacin used both in hospitals and out-patient settings. Both products are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indicated for:
• Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease
• Moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis
INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Oral Suspension
• Moderate to severe osteoarthritis
• Acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis)
• Acute gouty arthritis
Sympazan® (clobazam) oral filmA benzodiazepine indicated for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) in patients aged two years of age or older. Sympazan is the only product to offer clobazam in a convenient film with PharmFilm® technology. Sympazan is taken without water or liquid, adheres to the tongue, and dissolves to deliver clobazam.
Otrexup® (methotrexate)
injection for subcutaneous use
A once weekly single-dose auto-injector containing a prescription medicine, methotrexate. Otrexup is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated for the:
• Management of patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), who are intolerant of or had an inadequate response to first-line therapy.
• Symptomatic control of severe, recalcitrant, disabling psoriasis in adults who are not adequately responsive to other forms of therapy.
SPRIX® (ketorolac tromethamine) Nasal Spray
A prescription NSAID indicated in adult patients for the short-term (up to five days) management of moderate to moderately severe pain that requires analgesia at an opioid level. SPRIX is a non-narcotic nasal spray that provides patients with moderate to moderately severe short-term pain relief in a form of ketorolac that is absorbed rapidly but does not require an injection administered by a healthcare provider.
CAMBIA® (diclofenac potassium for oral solution)
A prescription NSAID indicated for the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults 18 years of age or older. CAMBIA can help patients with migraine pain, nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and phonophobia (sensitivity to sound). CAMBIA is not a pill; it is a powder, and combining CAMBIA with water activates the medicine in a unique way.
    

On July 31, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of April 24, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Spectrum Pharmaceutical, Inc. (“Spectrum”), a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company focused on novel and targeted oncology products (the “Spectrum Merger”), through a merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with and into Spectrum, with Spectrum surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. We accounted for the Spectrum Merger using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 and are considered the accounting acquirer. The results of operations of Spectrum are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of the Effective Date.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each issued and outstanding share of Spectrum common stock as of the Effective Date was converted into the right to receive (i) 0.1783 shares of our common stock and (ii) one contingent value right (“CVR”) representing a contractual right to receive future conditional payments worth up to an aggregate maximum amount of $0.20, settleable in cash, additional shares of Assertio common stock or a combination of cash and additional shares of Assertio
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common stock at our sole discretion, upon the achievement of certain sales milestones related to Spectrum’s product ROLVEDON. Subject to adjustments, each CVR represents the right to receive up to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $175 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2024, and up to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $225 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2025. In addition, upon consummation of the Spectrum Merger, Spectrum’s outstanding employee stock awards and other warrants that were outstanding immediately as of the Effective Date automatically vested (if unvested) and/or cancelled, as applicable, which generally resulted in the issuance of shares of Assertio common stock and/or CVRs to the holders of such stock awards or other warrants, in each case as dictated by the terms of the Merger Agreement. These shares and CVRs issued are considered part of the consideration transferred, and no compensation expense was recognized because the settlement was a condition of the Merger Agreement and other existing individual agreements, no future performance is required by the holders, and the fair value of the shares and CVRs is equivalent to the fair value of the existing employee stock awards and other warrants.

Segment Information

We manage our business within one reportable segment. Segment information is consistent with how management reviews the business, makes investing and resource allocation decisions, and assesses operating performance. To date, substantially all of our revenues are related to product sales in the U.S.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues
The following table reflects total revenues, net for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2023
Product sales, net:
ROLVEDON$14,478 $11,043 $— 
INDOCIN products8,682 10,848 30,346 
Sympazan2,617 2,706 2,502 
Otrexup2,882 2,804 2,822 
SPRIX1,437 2,343 1,889 
CAMBIA1,256 2,008 2,264 
Other products510 710 1,946 
Total product sales, net31,862 32,462 41,769 
Royalties and milestone revenue586 523 697 
Total revenues$32,448 $32,985 $42,466 
Product sales, net
ROLVEDON net product sales were $14.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $11.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, which was the first full quarter of ROLVEDON net product sales since the acquisition of Spectrum on July 31, 2023. The quarter-over-quarter increase of $3.5 million was primarily due to volume growth.
INDOCIN net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $8.7 million, a decrease of $21.6 million from net product sales of $30.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and a decrease of $2.2 million from net product sales of $10.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to both prior periods is primarily due to lower volume and pricing as a result of the August 2023 approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories. In the remainder of 2024, we expect INDOCIN net product sales to continue to be impacted unfavorably by increasing competition as a result of existing generic entrants, expected future generic entrants and other competitive products.
Sympazan net product sales increased $0.1 million from $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to favorable payor mix, partially offset by lower
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volume. Sympazan net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased $0.1 million from $2.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to unfavorable payor mix, partially offset by higher volume.
Otrexup net product sales were $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $0.1 million from net product sales of $2.8 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, primarily due to favorable payor mix, partially offset by a decline in volume.
SPRIX net product sales were $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $0.5 million from net product sales of $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and a decrease of $0.9 million from net product sales of $2.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to lower volume.
CAMBIA net product sales were $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.0 million from net product sales of $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and a decrease of $0.7 million from net product sales of $2.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to lower volume caused by generic entrants in 2023.
Other net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include net product sales for OXAYDO of $0.8 million and net product sales of Zipsor of $1.2 million. As we ceased OXAYDO product sales beginning in September 2023, other net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $0.5 million and the three months ended December 31, 2023 of $0.7 million represent only net product sales of Zipsor.
The decrease in total product sales, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, also reflects a year-over-year increase in the amounts charged as a reduction to revenue for sales and return allowances, discounts, chargebacks, and rebates, which is primarily attributed to a shift in product mix with the addition of ROLVEDON and the decrease in product sales of INDOCIN and CAMBIA.
    
Royalties & Milestone revenue

In November 2010, we entered into a license agreement granting Miravo the rights to commercially market CAMBIA in Canada. The counterparty to the license agreement independently contracts with manufacturers to produce a specific CAMBIA formulation in Canada. We recognized royalties revenue related to the CAMBIA license agreement of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $0.5 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023.

We recognized no milestone revenue associated with the completion of certain service milestones for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and milestone revenue associated with the completion of certain service milestones of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists of costs of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, contract manufacturing and packaging costs, royalties payable to third parties, inventory write downs or scrap costs, product quality testing, internal employee costs related to the manufacturing process, distribution costs, and shipping costs related to our product sales. Cost of sales excludes the amortization of intangible assets. Fair value of inventories acquired through business combinations or asset acquisitions include an inventory step-up within the value of inventories. The inventory step-up value is amortized as the related inventory is sold and is included in cost of sales.

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $5.7 million from $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $11.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to $4.1 million of ROLVEDON inventory step-up amortization and $1.1 million of ROLVEDON inventory write downs, which the Company acquired as part of the Spectrum Merger, and the impact of product mix, which increased cost of sales by $1.3 million. The increase in cost of sales was partially offset by $0.8 million of lower non-ROLVEDON inventory write downs.

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $1.5 million from $9.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $11.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in ROLVEDON specific cost of sales, including quarter-over-quarter increases in inventory step-up amortization of $1.1 million, inventory write downs of $0.9 million, and $0.4 million of cost of sales directly attributable to ROLVEDON product sales. The increase in cost of sales due to ROLVEDON was partially offset by $0.9 million of lower non-ROLVEDON inventory write downs and the impact of product mix, which decreased cost of sales by $0.2 million.

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Cost of sales are impacted by both product volume and mix, changes in which will have an impact on Cost of sales recognized by us in future periods. In the remainder of 2024, we expect Cost of sales, as a percentage of sales, to be higher due to changes in product volume and mix.

Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses include salaries, costs for planned clinical trials, consultant fees, supplies, and allocations of corporate costs. It is difficult to predict the scope and magnitude of future research and development expenses for our product candidates in research and development, as it is difficult to determine the nature, timing and extent of planned clinical trials and studies and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (“FDA”) requirements for a particular drug. As potential products proceed through the development process, each step is typically more extensive, and therefore more expensive, than the previous step. Therefore, success in development generally results in increasing expenditures until actual product approval.

Research and development expenses were $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, representing primarily costs directly associated with ongoing clinical trial activity for ROLVEDON. We did not recognize any research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Research and development expenses decreased $0.3 million from $1.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to lower costs associated with ongoing clinical activity for ROLVEDON for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel, contract personnel, marketing and promotion expenses associated with our commercial products, personnel expenses to support our administrative and operating activities, facility costs, and professional expenses, such as legal and accounting fees.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $1.6 million from $16.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $18.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to: (i) $6.7 million of higher operating expenses incurred following the Spectrum Merger, partially offset by; (ii) $2.4 million of lower transaction-related expenses, primarily legal and professional fees, associated with the Spectrum Merger, (iii) $2.3 million of lower marketing and promotion expenses, and (iv) a net decrease of $0.4 million in other general operating expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $5.5 million from $24.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $18.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to: (i) $2.8 million of lower ROLVEDON direct expenses, (ii) a decrease of $1.4 million in stock-based compensation expense, (iii) $1.0 million of lower marketing and promotion expenses, and (iv) $0.4 million of lower transaction-related expenses associated with the Spectrum Merger. The decrease was partially offset by a net increase of $0.2 million in other general operating expenses.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

In connection with the Spectrum Merger, we issued CVRs that represent a contingent consideration obligation which is measured at fair value. See Company Overview for further information. Pursuant to our merger with Zyla Life Sciences (“Zyla”) in May 2020 (the “Zyla Merger”), we assumed a contingent consideration obligation for future royalties on annual INDOCIN product net sales which is measured at fair value. The fair values of both contingent consideration obligations are remeasured each reporting period, with changes in the fair value of each of the contingent consideration obligations resulting from changes in the respective underlying inputs being recognized in operating expenses until both the contingent consideration obligation arrangements are settled.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized an expense of zero and $9.2 million, respectively, for the change in fair value of contingent consideration.

The fair value of the CVR contingent consideration is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model under the income approach based on the probability of achievement of ROLVEDON net sales milestones using projections of 2024 and 2025 net sales and discounted to present value. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the CVR liability was determined to be zero. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 2024, included updated projections of future ROLVEDON product net sales, which resulted in no probability of achievement under the Monte Carlo simulation.
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The fair value of the contingent consideration obligation incurred in the Zyla Merger is determined using an option pricing model under the income approach based on estimated INDOCIN product revenues through January 2029, and discounted to present value. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the INDOCIN product contingent consideration was determined to be $2.7 million. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 2024, included revenue volatility of 15%, discount rate of 5.5%, credit spread of 9.2% and updated projections of future INDOCIN product revenues.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

The following table reflects amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Amortization of intangible assets—ROLVEDON$1,517 $— 
Amortization of intangible assets—INDOCIN2,598 3,210 
Amortization of intangible assets—Sympazan303 303 
Amortization of intangible assets—Otrexup261 1,377 
Amortization of intangible assets—SPRIX952 1,394 
Total $5,631 $6,284 
 
Amortization expense decreased $0.7 million from $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a lower carrying value of intangible assets due to impairment charges recognized in the third and fourth quarters of 2023, offset by the additional amortization of the ROLVEDON product rights, acquired in July 2023.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges were $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to zero for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In August 2023, we implemented a reorganization plan of our workforce and other resources primarily designed to realize the synergies of the Spectrum Merger (the “Spectrum Reorganization Plan”). The Spectrum Reorganization Plan was primarily focused on the reduction of staff at our headquarters office and the exit of certain leased facilities. We expect the recognition of any additional costs and all cash payments under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan to be completed by the end of 2024.

We regularly evaluate our operations to identify opportunities to streamline operations and optimize operating efficiencies as an anticipation to changes in the business environment.

Other (Expense) Income

The following table reflects other expense (income) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Debt-related expenses$— $(9,918)
Interest expense(757)(1,122)
Other gain 716 802 
Total other expense$(41)$(10,238)

Other expense decreased by $10.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to debt-related expenses incurred in the prior year and lower interest expense. Debt-related expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, consisted of an induced conversion expense of approximately $8.8 million and direct transaction costs of approximately $1.1 million incurred as a result of the $30.0 million
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Convertible Note Exchange in the first quarter of 2023, as further described under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. There were no similar debt-related expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table reflects interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Interest payable on 2027 Convertible Notes$650 $975 
Amortization of debt issuance costs107 147 
Total interest expense$757 $1,122 

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, total interest expense decreased $0.3 million from $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a lower principal balance of 2027 Convertible Notes outstanding.

Income Tax Provision

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded an income tax expense of $0.1 million. The difference between the income tax expense and the tax at the federal statutory rate of 21.0% on current year operations is primarily due to the impact of the valuation allowance and state income taxes. As of March 31, 2024, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that we will realize the net deferred tax asset recorded as of March 31, 2024. As a result, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset as of March 31, 2024.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We have and continue to finance our operations and business development efforts primarily from product sales, private and public sales of equity securities, including convertible debt securities, the proceeds of secured borrowings, the sale of rights to future royalties and milestones, upfront license, milestone and fees from collaborative and license partners.

On August 22, 2022, we issued $70.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes which mature on September 1, 2027, and bear interest at the rate of 6.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year beginning March 1, 2023 (the “2027 Convertible Notes”). On February 27, 2023, we completed a privately negotiated exchange of $30.0 million principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Note Exchange”). Pursuant to the Convertible Note Exchange, 6,990,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus an additional $10.5 million in cash, were issued in a partial settlement of the 2027 Convertible Notes.

The terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated August 25, 2022 (the “2027 Convertible Note Indenture”). Pursuant to the terms of the 2027 Convertible Note Indenture, we and our restricted subsidiaries must comply with certain covenants, including mergers, consolidations, and divestitures; guarantees of debt by subsidiaries; issuance of preferred and/or disqualified stock; and liens on our properties or assets. We were in compliance with our covenants with respect to the 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2024.

We believe that our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our operations and make the required payments under our debt agreements due for the next twelve months from the date of this filing. We base this expectation on our current operating plan, which may change as a result of many factors.
 
Our cash needs may vary materially from our current expectations because of differences between the actual cash impacts and our expected impacts related to numerous factors, including:

•acquisitions or licenses of complementary businesses, products, technologies or companies;
•declines in sales of our marketed products, including those resulting from the entry and sales of generics and/or other products competitive with any of our products;
•expenditures related to our commercialization of our products, including our efforts to manage supply costs and enhance the long-term prospects of ROLVEDON product sales;
•milestone and royalty revenue we receive under our collaborative development arrangements;
•interest and principal payments on our current and future indebtedness;
•financial terms of definitive license agreements or other commercial agreements we may enter into;
•changes in the focus and direction of our business strategy and/or research and development programs;
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•potential expenses relating to any litigation matters, including relating to Assertio Therapeutics’ prior opioid product franchise for which we have not accrued any reserves due to an inability to estimate the magnitude and/or probability of such expenses, and former drug Glumetza;
•potential expenses relating to the Spectrum Reorganization Plan and/or termination expenses if a decision is made to cease development of Spectrum’s de-prioritized development asset poziotinib; and
•expenditures related to future clinical trial costs.

The inability to raise any additional capital that may be required to fund our future operations, payments due under our debt agreements, or product acquisitions and strategic transactions that we may pursue could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The following table reflects summarized cash flow activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Net cash provided by operating activities$7,508 $22,717 
Net cash used in investing activities— (105)
Net cash used in financing activities(206)(18,950)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents$7,302 $3,662 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $22.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to lower net income including non-cash items, partially offset by favorable working capital cash flows compared to last year.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net loss was $4.5 million compared to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjustments for non-cash items contributed approximately $19.4 million less to operating cash flows compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to debt-related expenses of $9.9 million and an expense of $9.2 million for the change in fair value of contingent consideration, both of which did not recur in the current year period. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net working capital cash generated by operations of approximately $3.6 million was $5.3 million higher than net working capital cash used in operations of approximately $1.7 million in the same period in 2023, primarily due to increased cash from accounts receivable payments and decreased cash used for inventory due to the timing of purchases and receipts, partially offset by increased cash used in the settlement of accrued rebates, returns and discounts due to impact of sales product mix as well as timing of settlement.

Cash flows from operating activities are impacted by, among other things, product revenue, operating profit and changes in working capital. Fluctuations in any of these will impact our cash flows from operating activities recognized in future periods, and cash flows from operating activities in future periods may vary significantly from those in prior periods as a result of these factors.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

There was no cash provided by or used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was $0.1 million, which consisted entirely of cash paid for the transaction costs incurred with the acquisition of Otrexup.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was $0.2 million, which consisted entirely of cash used for employees’ withholding tax liability upon the vesting of employee stock awards. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was $19.0 million, which primarily consisted of (i) $10.5 million in cash payments and $1.1 million of direct transaction cost payments made in connection with the Convertible Note Exchange, (ii) a $6.6 million payment for contingent consideration, and (iii) cash used for employees’ withholding tax liability on stock award releases.

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Contractual Obligations

Our principal material cash requirements consist of obligations related to our debt, our contingent consideration obligation, payments for rebates, returns and discounts, non-cancelable contractual obligations for our purchase commitments, and non-cancelable leases for our office space. There were no material changes to our material cash requirements from contractual or other obligations outside the ordinary course of business or due to other factors since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. For a description of our material contractual or other obligations, see “Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES

Critical accounting policies are those that require significant judgment and/or estimates by management at the time that the financial statements are prepared such that materially different results might have been reported if other assumptions had been made. We consider certain accounting policies related to revenue recognition, acquisitions, impairment of long-lived assets, contingent consideration obligations, and income taxes to be critical policies. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. We believe there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and significant judgements and estimates since we filed our 2023 Form 10-K. See ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates in our 2023 Form 10-K for further information.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the risk of changes in the value of market risk-sensitive instruments caused by fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. Changes in these factors could cause fluctuations in our results of operations and cash flows.

Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our cash equivalents that are from time to time invested in highly liquid money market funds and marketable securities, including U.S. treasury and government agency securities with a maturity date at the time of purchase of three months or less. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital to fund operations. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Our cash and investments policy emphasizes liquidity and preservation of principal over other portfolio considerations. We estimate a 100 basis point decrease or increase in interest rates during the reporting periods presented would not have a material impact on our results of operations and cash flows as of March 31, 2024.

We do not have material exposures to foreign exchange rates and commodity prices as of March 31, 2024.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024.

We review and evaluate the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures on an ongoing basis to improve our controls and procedures over time and to correct any deficiencies that we may discover in the future. Our goal is to ensure that our senior management has timely access to all material financial and non-financial information concerning our business. While we believe the present design of our disclosure controls and procedures is effective to achieve our goal, future events affecting our business may cause us to significantly modify our disclosure controls and procedures.

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Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we finalized the process of integrating our acquisition of Spectrum’s operations into our internal control environment.

There were no other changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see “Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

We are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could have a material impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, including those hereby incorporated by reference from Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition to other information in this report, the following risk factor, together with the risks and uncertainties referenced above, should be considered carefully in evaluating an investment in our securities. If any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, results of operations or financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. The risks and uncertainties referenced above are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or that we currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We face risks relating to product liability losses and other litigation liability for which we may be unable to maintain or obtain adequate protection.

We are or may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits and certain government inquiries and investigations, including with respect to, but not limited to, patent infringement, product liability, personal injury, antitrust matters, securities class action lawsuits, breach of contract, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement claims, opioid-related matters, promotional practices and compliance with laws relating to the manufacture and sale of controlled substances. For example, we, along with other opioid manufacturers and, often, distributors, have been named in lawsuits related to the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and promotion of opioids. In addition, we have also received various subpoenas and requests for information related to the distribution, marketing and sale of our former opioid products. Moreover, we have settled coverage litigation with our primary product liability insurer and first excess carrier regarding whether opioid litigation claims noticed by us are covered by our policies with such insurers. We have also signed a confidential settlement term sheet with our former insurance broker to resolve Assertio Therapeutics’ claims against the broker for negligence and breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the broker’s negotiation and procurement of products liability insurance coverage for Assertio Therapeutics. Insurance coverage for pending and future claims relating to our historical commercialization of opioids under our remaining insurance policies is doubtful and such policies may provide no protection at all for such claims. Further, we are subject to pending antitrust litigation and pending and potential future shareholder litigation relating to the Spectrum Merger and/or the approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories in the second half of 2023, and Spectrum is named in several securities class action and shareholder derivative lawsuits filed by former Spectrum stockholders. Such litigation and related matters are described in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies.” If any of these legal proceedings, inquiries or investigations were to result in an adverse outcome, the impact could have an adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We have obtained product liability insurance for sales of our products and any future clinical trials currently underway, but:

•we may be unable to maintain product liability insurance on acceptable terms;
•we may be unable to obtain product liability insurance for future trials;
•we may be unable to obtain product liability insurance for future products; or
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•our insurance may not provide adequate protection against potential liabilities or may provide no protection at all.

Our inability to obtain or maintain adequate insurance coverage at an acceptable cost could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of our products. Defending a lawsuit could be costly and significantly divert management’s attention from conducting our business. If third parties were to bring a successful product liability or other claims, or series of claims, against us for uninsured liabilities, or in excess of our insured liability limits, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
We did not repurchase any shares of the Company’s common stock during the period covered by this Quarterly Report, except for shares surrendered to us, as reflected in the following table, to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of equity awards.
                                 
(a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1)

(b) Average Price Paid per Share
(c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 202471,396$1.12N/AN/A
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024152,541$0.80N/AN/A
March 1, 2024- March 31, 20242,890$0.88N/AN/A
Total226,827$0.90

(1) Consists of shares withheld to pay employees’ tax liability in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units granted under our stock-based compensation plans. These shares may be deemed to be “issuer purchases” of shares.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
31.1
31.2
32.1**
32.2**
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibit 101)
_______________________________________________________
**    Furnished Herewith

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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date: May 6, 2024ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
  
 
/s/ Heather L. Mason
 Heather L. Mason
 Interim Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Ajay Patel
Ajay Patel
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
39

Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
 
I, Heather L. Mason, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Assertio Holdings, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 6, 2024By:/s/ Heather L. Mason
  Heather L. Mason
  Interim Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
 
I, Ajay Patel, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Assertio Holdings, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 6, 2024By:/s/ Ajay Patel
  Ajay Patel
  Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32.1
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Assertio Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Heather L. Mason, Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: May 6, 2024 /s/ Heather L. Mason
 Heather L. Mason
  Interim Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.2
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Assertio Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ajay Patel, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: May 6, 2024 /s/ Ajay Patel
  Ajay Patel
  Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)