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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________
FORM 10-K
______________________________
(Mark One)
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission file number 001-40798
______________________________
bros-20211231_g1.jpg
DUTCH BROS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
______________________________
Delaware
87-1041305
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
110 SW 4th Street
Grants Pass,
Oregon

97526
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(541) 955-4700
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
______________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of Exchange on which Registered
Class A Common Stock,
par value $0.00001 per share
BROSThe New York Stock Exchange



Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes   No 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes   No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes    No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes    No  
As of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, there was no public market for the registrant's common equity.
As of March 7, 2022, the registrant’s outstanding shares of common stock were as follows:

Class A common stock34,555,822
Class B common stock64,699,136
Class C common stock49,006,210
Class D common stock15,441,243
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Dutch Bros Inc., which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31, 2021, are incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of Part III of this report.



DUTCH BROS INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Glossary
Forward-Looking Statements
PART I
ITEM 1.Business
ITEM 1A.Risk Factors
ITEM 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments
ITEM 2. Properties
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings
ITEM 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II
ITEM 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
ITEM 6.[Reserved]
ITEM 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
ITEM 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
ITEM 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
ITEM 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
ITEM 9A.Controls and Procedures
ITEM 9B.Other Information
ITEM 9C.
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
PART III
ITEM 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
ITEM 11. Executive Compensation
ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PART IV
ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary
  
SIGNATURES 


Table of Contents

GLOSSARY

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this Form 10-K), the terms identified below have the meanings specified below unless otherwise noted or the context requires otherwise. References in this Form 10-K to “Dutch Bros,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Dutch Bros Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.
AUV refers to the average unit volume.
CDC refers to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Co-Founder refers to Travis Boersma and affiliated entities over which he maintains voting control.
Continuing Members refers to the Co-Founder and the Sponsor.
Dutch Bros OpCo refers to Dutch Mafia, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and direct subsidiary of Dutch Bros Inc.
Dutch Bros PubCo refers to Dutch Bros Inc., a Delaware corporation, in which its Class A common stock are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BROS”.
Dutch Bros Tax Group has the meaning set forth in NOTE 10 — Tax Receivable Agreements to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
IPO refers to our initial public offering.
OpCo Units refers to Class A common units, Class B voting units and Class C voting units of Dutch Bros OpCo, each as further defined in the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Dutch Bros OpCo, collectively.
Pre-IPO Blocker Holders refers to TSG7 A AIV VI Holdings-A, L.P. and DG Coinvestor Blocker Aggregator, L.P. or their assignees or successors pursuant to the terms of the certain Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement.
QSR refers to Quick Service Restaurant.
Reorganization Transactions has the meaning set forth in NOTE 1 — Organization and Nature of Operations to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Sponsor refers to TSG Consumer Partners, L.P. and certain of its affiliates.
Tax Receivable Agreements, TRAs, Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement and Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement shall each have the meaning set forth in NOTE 10 — Tax Receivable Agreements to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Western United States refers to the collection of states including Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington.

Dutch Bros, our Windmill logo (bros-20211231_g2.jpg), Dutch Bros Blue Rebel and our other registered and common law trade names, trademarks and service marks are the property of Dutch Bros Inc. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this Form 10-K may be referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert their rights thereto.
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Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Form 10-K, including the impact of COVID-19 on our results of operations, supply chain or liquidity, the potential impact of actions we have taken to mitigate the impact of unforeseen circumstances, COVID-19, taxes and tax rate and our expectations regarding the opening of the number of new shops, are forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “should,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions, to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on information available to us as of the date any such statements are made, and we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K.
While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect actual results. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of the factors that could cause outcomes to differ materially from expectations. These factors include, but are not limited to, those listed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this report, as such risk factors may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
You should read the consolidated financial statements and the related notes in this Form 10-K together with our analysis and discussion of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations and other financial information included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Website Disclosure
We use our website as a distribution channel of material company information. Financial and other important information regarding our company is routinely posted on and accessible through our website at https://investors.dutchbros.com. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about our company when you subscribe your email address by visiting the “Investor Email Alerts” section of our investor relations page at https://investors.dutchbros.com/resources. The information on our website is not incorporated herein or otherwise a part of this Form 10-K.

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Table of Contents

PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Dutch Bros Inc. is a Delaware corporation, formed on June 4, 2021 for the purpose of facilitating our IPO in September 2021 in order to carry on the Company’s business. Dutch Bros Inc. Class A common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BROS”.
OUR COMPANY
Dutch Bros is a high growth operator and franchisor of drive-thru shops that focus on serving high QUALITY, hand-crafted beverages with unparalleled SPEED and superior SERVICE. Founded in 1992 by brothers Dane and Travis Boersma, Dutch Bros began with a double-head espresso machine and a pushcart in Grants Pass, Oregon. Today, we believe that Dutch Bros is one of the fastest-growing brands in the foodservice and restaurant industry in the United States by location count. In the past 6 years, we have increased our shop count from 254 shops in seven states at the end of 2015 to 538 shops in 12 states as of December 31, 2021, of which 271 were company-operated shops and 267 franchise shops. Our shops are located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington.
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While our espresso-based beverages are still at the core of what we do, Dutch Bros now offers a wide variety of unique, customizable cold and hot beverages that strive to delight a broad array of customers. Dutch Bros is more than just the products we serve—we are dedicated to making differences in the lives of our employees, customers and communities. The combination of hand-crafted and high-quality beverages, our unique drive-thru experience and our community-driven, people-first culture has allowed us to successfully open new shops and continue to share the “Dutch Luv.”
In 2021, our company-operated shops generated gross margin of 21.1% and contribution margin, a non-GAAP financial measure, of 25.1%1. These highly attractive financial returns generated by our existing and new shops, coupled with our desire to develop our people and culture, have led us to focus primarily on company-operated shops as we accelerate our new shop development, all while our current franchise partners continue to open new shops in their existing markets.
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The Dutch Bros Experience
Dutch Bros is entirely focused on delivering on its core values of QUALITY, SPEED and SERVICE in every interaction we have. Every visit to Dutch Bros should feel like a celebration. Broistas are genuinely excited to serve our customers and interested in how they can make their day better. Runners greet our customers before they get to the drive-thru window to personalize every order and, when needed, explain our menu. They use tablets to take orders, allowing broistas to sequence the crafting of beverages and manage car throughput in the drive-thru lane, ensuring that QUALITY, SPEED and SERVICE remain consistent throughout the day. This Dutch Bros experience has built our strong base of recurring, loyal customers and contributed to our sustained growth.
Our Broistas
Our people are the key to our success, and broistas are the face of Dutch Bros. We embrace a customer-first attitude and use every interaction during the drive-thru experience to connect with our customers. To achieve this experience, we and our franchise partners are committed to attracting and retaining broistas who are passionate about delivering an experience that exceeds our customers’ expectations each and every day. Our broistas are trained and provided with support to enable them to remember our regular customers by name, recall their usual order, have treats ready for four-legged members of the family and know when to offer a complimentary drink to someone having a tough day. Broistas serve our beverages to our customers with a smile, an encouraging word, or a high-five.
Our Menu
Our hand-crafted beverage-focused lineup features hot and cold espresso-based beverages, cold brew coffee products, our proprietary Dutch Bros. Blue Rebel energy drinks, tea, lemonade, smoothies and other beverages curated from the Dutch Bros “secret” menu where customers can customize their beverages, such as adding “soft-top,” a sweet, creamy whipped topping, to almost any order. Our Private Reserve coffee is a 100% Arabica three bean blend sourced through our in-house coffee roasting facility and extracted using the finest La Marzocco machines to deliver shots of smooth, full-bodied espresso. The variety, innovation and customization of our menu drives broad demographic appeal and balance throughout the day and across all geographies.
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Iced Tiger’s Blood LemonadeBirthday Cake FrostBlended Aftershock RebelGolden Eagle Freeze
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1    Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results is provided in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
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Hot AnnihilatorIced CaramelizerIced Electric Berry Rebel
Our Shops
Our business model is built around highly efficient drive-thru shops, which place a premium on customer convenience without sacrificing the personal experience. Our new shops are typically 865 to 950 square feet, and we target lots that are at least 25,000 square feet to handle substantial car volume throughout the day. All our shops deploy either a single or double drive-thru window with multiple feeder lanes for traffic flow. Most of our shops also have walk-up ordering windows, party patios and escape lanes to prevent unnecessary congestion. In 2021, our company-operated shops generated AUVs of approximately $1.8 million with strong shop-level gross margin of 21.1% and contribution margin, a non-GAAP financial measure, of 25.1%1.
Our Growth
Our Long-Term Franchise Partners
Historically, Dutch Bros used a franchising strategy alongside company-operated shop development to drive growth in select markets. Over time, as we decided to grow more from within, we only offered franchise partnership opportunities to the highest-quality employees within our network. In 2008, we stopped selling franchises to people that did not come from within our system. In 2017, we decided to stop franchising altogether and moved to a company-operated strategy with all operators recruited from within our system. While we maintain great relationships with our existing franchise partners and they continue to open new shops as they look to infill their high-demand markets, the majority of our growth is expected to continue to come from company-operated shops.
A People-First Culture
We believe that our success is correlated with employee engagement, which is dependent on hiring, retaining, developing, and motivating employees. We plan all our new shop growth around existing, high-performing Dutch Bros broistas ready to assume leadership roles and eventually become shop managers and then operators. We believe this ensures a consistent experience and extends our culture in all our shops and markets. In 2021, we successfully entered Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas by promoting leaders from within.
Simplify Operations and Grow the Business
Over the last several years, we executed critical, infrastructure-building corporate investments to position us for future growth, including: our loyalty app, ERP and HRIS tools, an enterprise-based point of sale tool for all shops in the system, expansion of capacity in our Grants Pass, Oregon roasting facility and the addition of industry experts to our leadership team. We made these foundational investments in our organizational infrastructure and employees to support future new shop growth.
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1    Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results is provided in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
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Our brand experience and deliberate approach to advancement from within has enabled strong and consistent growth and financial performance:
Systemwide shops grew from 370 in 7 states at the end of 2019 to 538 in 12 states as of the end of 2021. This represents a 20.6% compound annual growth rate (CAGR).
Company-operated shops grew from 90 at the beginning of 2019 to 271 as of the end of 2021, surpassing the number of franchise shops.
Revenue grew from $238.4 million in 2019 to $497.9 million in 2021, representing a CAGR of 44.5%.
Net income decreased from $28.4 million in 2019 to a net loss of $120.0 million in 2021 as a result of the recognition of $157.7 million in non-cash expenses related to the grant and vesting of stock awards, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units in Dutch Bros PubCo and/or profit interest units in Dutch Bros OpCo to certain eligible employees, for more details please see NOTE 12 — Equity and Stock-Based Compensation in Part II, Item 8.
Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, grew from $48.7 million in 2019 to $82.1 million in 20211.

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Growth Summary (CAGRs)Growth Summary (CAGRs)
Company-operated51.5%Company-operated63.2%
Total20.6%Total44.5%
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1    Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results is provided in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
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OUR GROWTH STRATEGIES TO SHARE THE “DUTCH LUV”
Dutch Bros is in the early stages of its growth story. We will expand our business to positively impact our communities through the following growth strategies:
Continue to Attract and Develop Great People, Who are our Growth Capital
Robust internal training and career advancement programs, which provide a high-quality talent pool of candidates striving for larger roles within our company.
New hires in all shops participate in a 12-day training program and shadow our experienced broistas before qualification as a broista. In addition, broistas in new shops receive training from experienced traveling leaders before permanently taking over the shop.
Our people systems are designed to maintain the Dutch Bros culture as we scale, enabling us to continue making a positive impact in new communities and providing career development opportunities for employees.
Open New Shops Wherever People Want Great Beverages
Long-term potential for at least 4,000 Dutch Bros locations in the United States.1 We have a strong new shop pipeline of sites identified, which exceeds our planned company-operated shops to be opened in 2022 and 2023.
Build scale within our existing footprint by proactively opening new shops in our existing markets to reach new customers and alleviate capacity constraints at nearby shops to provide the best customer experience.
Enter and scale new markets with comprehensive market and development plans for not only the initial new shop, but also future shops in the new market.
Increase Brand Awareness and Encourage Deeper Customer Engagement
One of the strongest drivers of Dutch Bros brand awareness is word-of-mouth advocacy from our customers. Our commitment to our people encourages them to become enthusiastic brand ambassadors, and we believe that their visible love for the brand is infectious.
Our digital presence enables us to serve customers unique beverage-focused content, information related to our social impact initiatives and new ways to engage with Dutch Bros. As a people-focused company, we believe our Dutch Rewards program provides an opportunity to connect with customers, learn more about them and enhance our relationships with them.
We intend to enhance our digital and social media footprint to allow our passionate customers and crews to engage with Dutch Bros across multiple channels by sharing experiences with friends and family. To further support our customer engagement, we plan to continue building deep connections within the communities we serve.
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1    Internal analysis conducted by Dutch Bros, along with third-party analysis by Quantitative Analysis.
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Invest in and Use Digital Technology to Improve the Customer Experience
At our core, we are in the people business and believe the purpose of technology should be to remove friction in our customer interactions, thereby providing opportunities to create deeper connections and a better service experience.
Improve speed and efficiency by investing and integrating technology to continue delivering the best Dutch Bros experience to our growing number of customers.
Menu innovation based on customer insights utilizing customer data to refine our menu and “secret” menu offerings to further drive new business, increase guest spends, and encourage more frequent visits from new and legacy customers.
Expand Margins Through Operating Leverage
Procurement system set up for adaptability and scalability allows for flexibility of our input costs.
Flexibility to increase production of our coffee and beverages through our Grants Pass, Oregon facilities and strong relationships with several co-manufacturers, along with plans for an additional roasting facility allow for us to support our expansion strategy and long-term supply chain requirements.
We expect the relative rate of our corporate costs to allow our operating margins to be enhanced going forward, as we anticipate our selling, general and administrative costs to grow at a slower rate than our shop base and revenue.
Operations
Sourcing and Supply Chain
We roast our own proprietary blend of 100% Arabica coffee. We partner with third-party importers and exporters to purchase and import our green coffee beans. Through this relationship, we source high-quality coffee beans from across Central and South America. We typically purchase coffee contracts 18-24 months in advance of when we take physical delivery of the beans, allowing us to lock in pricing and to manage our input costs. This practice also allows us to be a good partner to our coffee producers, providing security of future business.
We currently roast all of our coffee in our roasting facility in Grants Pass, Oregon. We roast our coffee bean varietals to specific profiles designed to highlight each of the coffee bean’s unique flavors and aromas. After the coffee beans are roasted, we blend them to create our signature Private Reserve espresso. We package and ship our Private Reserve, Decaf and White Coffee espresso blends to six distribution centers that supply all our company-operated and franchised locations.
We have taken several steps to increase our diversity of supply and reduce transportation costs as we expand company-operated shops eastward within the United States. We are finalizing the economics of our plan to build a second roasting facility in the Midwest United States. We anticipate the new roasting facility will be operational in 2023, and will cost approximately $15 million - $20 million.
We designed our supply chain to be flexible in order to respond efficiently to changes in the market. On average, we typically have approximately four months of green coffee bean inventory stored at our two ports of entry in the United States or at our roasting plant in Grants Pass, Oregon. In the event of a supply disruption in any one of our production origins, we have identified alternate coffee beans with substantially similar flavor profiles that can be sourced and incorporated to produce our blend.
We also manufacture our own proprietary Dutch Bros. Blue Rebel Energy Drink via a co-bottling and co-packaging relationships.
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Quality and Safety
We and our franchise partners maintain a safe, healthy environment at each shop through the careful training and supervision of personnel and by following rigorous quality standards. Our Quality Assurance team informs, monitors, and reports on standards for preparation and cleaning, as well as inspects every shop in the system on a quarterly basis.
Our commitment to beverage and food safety is strengthened through the direct relationship between our supply chain, culinary, and quality assurance teams. We review all our supply partners’ decisions regarding ingredients, and we reserve the right to conduct spot-checks. We examine each suppliers’ safety and quality records and verify insurance coverage. We believe that our established requirement for franchise partners to purchase certain supplies and equipment from approved vendors further enhances safety and quality within our system.
Shop and Corporate Systems
Our franchise and company-operated shops use a computerized point of sale and back-office system, which we believe will support our growth plans and enhance our customer experience. This point-of-sale system is designed to increase order quality and consistency and make it easier for the broista to interact with the customer. This integrated system allows us to manage labor, product mix, throughput, ticket, among others, in real time. We also have made additional investments in our corporate and enterprise wide systems, which we believe prepare us for future growth.
People
Our people are the driving force of our mission and are a fundamental driver of our success. One of the most important relationships we have is with our employees, who are key members of the communities we love and support. We attract and seek out potential broistas by identifying people with a love for life, a natural ability to connect with folks from all walks of life, and most of all, a big smile!
As of December 31, 2021, we and our franchise partners have approximately 19,000 employees, of which 11,000 employees are in our company-operated shops. Of our company-operated shop employees, approximately 71% are female, 27% are male, and 2% gender is not disclosed. The chart below provides the approximate percentage of systemwide employees by shop type and by state location.
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* As of December 31, 2021, we had employees in Tennessee as part of pre-opening activities for our shops that opened in the first quarter of 2022, which are not included in our locations as part of “Properties” section in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-K.
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Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
As a company, we are striving to be a leader in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). Our leadership and policies stand united in our support of employees, customers and communities in the fullness of their identities. We are actively working to develop a holistic DEI program that can be a resource for everyone we serve. The events of the past several years, have offered another reminder of how critically important our efforts have become, and as a result we have taken real, meaningful steps toward advancement of our DEI program including, but not limited, to the following:
hiring an industry expert to serve as our Director of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion and developing long term programs;
offering DEI training to headquarters and field leadership;
launching employee resource groups at our headquarters for leaders of color and for women leaders; and
reviewing our policies to make sure they are promoting equity, as well as supporting a diverse and inclusive workplace for everyone.
Health and Safety
During the COVID-19 pandemic, we took quick and decisive action to protect the health and safety of our employees and began following CDC, state, and local health guidelines. As a result, we began requiring employees to wear masks, instituting and enforcing mandatory employee handwashing at set intervals, conducting temperature checks and daily health screenings, and enhancing cleaning protocols. We also quickly pivoted to a cashless and frictionless payment system, eliminated mug refills, transitioned to wrapped straws, and eliminated our paper stamp card loyalty program. In March 2021, based on updated guidance, we returned to accepting cash. In lieu of returning to our paper stamp card loyalty program, we transitioned to our new Dutch Rewards app-based rewards program.
We adjusted staffing models to accommodate social distancing, reduced in-person meetings, transitioned to virtual meetings and took steps to encourage any sick employees to stay home by offering paid catastrophic leave and loosened guidelines for use of sick leave. Additionally, we instituted a temporary “Thank You” pay bonus to our frontline shop workers of $3.00 per hour throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in recognition of our employees’ hard work, sacrifices, and commitment during the pandemic. We phased out the “Thank You” pay bonus in the second quarter of 2021.
Total Rewards
We offer competitive salaries and wages with continual assessment by location of the business environment and labor market. We are continually making enhancements to our total rewards program to attract and retain top talent as part of our expanding growth strategy. We offer a comprehensive suite of benefits to our broistas, shop management, and headquarters support employees, such as:
company paid medical, dental, vision, and life insurance for all full-time employees
company paid parental leave of more than eight weeks, after 6 months of employment for shop management and headquarters support employees;
wellness program to help employees live their best lives;
access to free drinks and Dutch Bros swag for employees to show off their “Dutch Luv”;
tuition assistance toward employees’ professional development after one full year of employment;
up to 16 hours of paid volunteer hours to use when helping out the community, which is available to all employees; and
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team focused culture with growth and leadership opportunities for career advancement
Training and Development
We commit resources to train and develop our broistas. Our standard training consists of two phases—two days of cultural immersion, history and fundamental knowledge, followed by 10 shifts of on-the-job training. All new broistas read and review our employee handbook and our Manifesto to ensure they have a baseline understanding of our policies, procedures, operations, and an appreciation for our unique culture. After on-the-job training and successfully passing a mandatory quality check on operations, history, and culture with 100% proficiency the new hire is officially qualified to work a shift as a broista. Generally, new broistas must demonstrate proficiency in beverage builds within three weeks of hire.
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Our people are the driving force of our mission, and we are committed to inspiring and facilitating their personal and professional growth as they fulfill their dreams and contribute to their communities. We have created our own program to develop and track broistas’ performance as they progress towards their goals. This program is designed to help our people maximize their personal potential, either inside or outside our organization. Our shop managers conduct regular check-ins to help broistas understand where they are on their personal path and within their career at Dutch Bros. Our leadership development model clarifies and outlines growth opportunities at all levels of the organization and furthers our philosophy of hiring and developing leaders from within.
Our development focus allows us to create and maintain a robust pipeline of talent to support our growth. We pride ourselves on our ability to train, retain, and promote across all levels of our organization, and it is our policy to have a homegrown operator base, whether from our company-operated or franchise shops. We believe this arrangement is a unique “win-win-win” situation, where Dutch Bros has access to a larger pool of high-quality qualified potential operators. Because of our decision to have a homegrown operator base, our new shop growth is predicated on developing a healthy pipeline of home-grown talent. We believe we have a sufficient pipeline to sustain our new shop growth for the next several years. As we continue to add additional shops, we expect our people pipeline to continue to grow and provide additional runway for development into the foreseeable future.
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Planet
Part of giving back to our communities is supporting the environment. We are focused on and are preparing to commit to a series of initiatives to ensure our products, processes, and shops are in line with, and are moving toward, environmental best practices, such as reducing our shop water use, diverting waste from landfills, responsibly sourcing our coffees, and procuring renewable energy to offset our energy usage.
Philanthropy
Since our inception, we have been dedicated to giving back to the communities in which we serve, and we consider our brand to be a powerful platform for social impact. Today, we host three company-wide givebacks days each year.
“Dutch Luv” — every February, we donate $1 from every drink sold to local organizations working to fight food insecurity in our communities.
“Drink One for Dane” — every May, in honor of our co-founder Dane Boersma, we raise funds for the Muscular Dystrophy Association to find a cause and cure for ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), or Lou Gehrig’s disease.
“Buck for Kids” — every September, we dedicate a day to give $1 from every drink sold to nonprofit organizations helping create brighter futures for local kids.
Additionally, our operators and franchise partners are empowered to create their own local, shop-specific giveback programs to build relationships within their communities. Dutch Bros Foundation also contributes annually to causes we care about to ensure love abounds, and donated approximately $3.3 million in 2021 across multiple causes. A culture of philanthropy and giving back to build better communities permeates the entire Dutch Bros organization, energizing both our broistas and customers alike.
Competition
The beverage industry is highly competitive and fragmented, and our shops compete on a variety of factors, including convenience, taste, price, quality, service, and location. We believe our primary competitors include drive-thru coffee shops, specialty coffee shops and drive-thru quick service restaurants. Our competitors range from multi-unit national and regional chains to single-location local shops. Our competitors operate both company-operated, franchised and mixed business models. Because of our proprietary Dutch Bros. Blue Rebel energy beverages, we also compete with companies outside of the beverage industry, such as convenience food shops.
Intellectual Property
We own many registered trademarks and service marks in the United States, the most important of which might be our trademarked Windmill logo which we anticipate achieving the iconic status of other recognized brands in the quick service restaurant market segment. Other important trademarks include our “Dutch Bros.,” “Dutch Bros. Coffee,” and “Dutch Bros. Blue Rebel” word marks and our recognizable Dutch Bros sign logo. We believe the Dutch Bros. name and the many distinctive marks associated with it are of significant value and are very important to our business. Accordingly, as a general policy, we pursue registration and monitor the use of our marks in the United States and challenge any unauthorized use.
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We license the use of our marks to franchise partners, third-party vendors and others through franchise agreements, vendor agreements and licensing agreements. These agreements typically restrict third parties’ activities with respect to use of the marks and impose brand standards requirements. We require licensees to inform us of any potential infringement of the marks.
We register some of our copyrighted material and otherwise rely on common law protection of our copyrighted works. Such copyrighted materials are not material to our business.
Government Regulation and Environmental Matters
We are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations, as well as other statutory and regulatory requirements, including those related to, among others, nutritional content labeling and disclosure requirements, food safety regulations, local licensure, building and zoning regulations, employment regulations and laws and regulations related to our licensed operations. New laws and regulations or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations may also impact our business. The costs of compliance with these laws and regulations are high, are likely to increase in the future, and any failure on our part to comply with these laws may subject us to significant liabilities and other penalties. See "Regulatory and Legal Risks" in Item 1A, Risk Factors for more information.
We are not aware of any federal, state or local provisions that have been enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, that have materially affected, or are reasonably expected to materially affect, our results of operations, competitive position, or capital expenditures.
Seasonality
Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations in that our system sales are typically nominally higher during the summer months affecting the second and third quarters of our fiscal year.
Information About our Executive Officers
The executive officers of Dutch Bros Inc. as of December 31, 2021, are as follows:
Travis Boersma, 51Co-Founder and Executive Chairman of the Board
Mr. Boersma is our Co-Founder and has served as our Executive Chairman since August 2021 and as the Executive Chairman of Dutch Bros OpCo since February 2021. Prior to serving as our Executive Chairman, he served as the Chief Executive Officer from February 2019 to February 2021 of Dutch Bros OpCo. Mr. Boersma has led us as Co-Founder since 1992. Mr. Boersma attended Southern Oregon University.
Jonathan “Joth” Ricci, 53President and Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Ricci has served as our Chief Executive Officer and President and a member of our board of directors since August 2021, the Chief Executive Officer of Dutch Bros OpCo since February 2021 and the President of Dutch Bros OpCo since January 2019. Since January 2020, Mr. Ricci has served as Chairman of the board of directors of Dutch Bros Foundation, our philanthropic arm. From April 2017 to January 2019, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Adelsheim Vineyard. From February 2013 to April 2017, Mr. Ricci served as President of Stumptown Coffee Roasters, a coffee company. In addition to his senior management experience, Mr. Ricci has served on various boards of directors in the beverage industry and civic organizations since January 2012. Mr. Ricci received a B.S. in Business Education from Oregon State University.
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Charles Jemley, 58Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Jemley has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2021 and the Chief Financial Officer of Dutch Bros OpCo since January 2020. Since June 2017, Mr. Jemley has served as a member of the board of directors of Four Corners Property Trust Inc., a real estate investment trust (NYSE: FCPT), where he chairs the Audit Committee and serves as a member of the Nominating and Governance Committee. From July 2018 to December 2019, he served as the Chief Financial Officer of CKE Restaurant Holdings, Inc., a quick service restaurant company. From February 2006 to January 2018, Mr. Jemley served in various senior management positions at Starbucks Corporation (Nasdaq: SBUX), most recently as Senior Vice President Finance, Starbucks Reserve & Roastery, Global Digital & Store Development. Mr. Jemley received an M.B.A. from the Michael G. Foster School of Business at the University of Washington and a B.B.A in Accounting from the University of Louisville.
Brian Maxwell, 50Chief Operating Officer
Mr. Maxwell has served as the Chief Operating Officer of Dutch Bros OpCo since January 2017 and previously served as our Vice President and General Manager from April 2009 to December 2016, Vice President of Growth from January 2004 to March 2009 and Franchise Coordinator from January 1999 to December 2003. Prior to joining Dutch Bros, Mr. Maxwell worked in finance and investment advising. Mr. Maxwell attended Lewis & Clark College.
John Graham, 53Chief Marketing Officer
Mr. Graham has served as the Chief Marketing Officer of Dutch Bros OpCo since August 2020. From August 2015 to July 2020, Mr. Graham served as the President of Triton Strategy Partners, LLC, a consulting company that he founded. From January 2001 to July 2015, Mr. Graham served in various management and executive management roles in the medical and pharmaceuticals industry. Mr. Graham received an M.B.A. in Marketing and Operations from the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University and a B.A. in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.
Available Information
Our Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), and all amendments to these filings, can be obtained free of charge from our website at https://investors.dutchbros.com/financials/sec-filings/default.aspx or by contacting our Investor Relations department at our office address listed above following our filing of any of these reports with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing. Further, the Company’s references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Summary of Risk Factors
Below is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our Class A common stock speculative or risky. This summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized in this risk factor summary, and other risks that we face, can be found below under the heading “Risk Factors” and should be carefully considered, together with other information in this Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC before making investment decisions regarding our Class A common stock.

Evolving consumer preferences and tastes may adversely affect our business.
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Our financial condition and quarterly results of operations are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, a number of factors, many of which are also largely outside our control and as such our results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
We may not be able to compete successfully with other shops, QSRs and convenience shops, including the growing number of coffee delivery options. Intense competition in the foodservice and restaurant industry could make it more difficult to expand our business and could also have a negative impact on our operating results if customers favor our competitors or we are forced to change our pricing and other marketing strategies.
Our failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.
Our inability to identify, recruit and retain qualified individuals for our shops could slow our growth and adversely impact our ability to operate.
Our shops are geographically concentrated in the Western United States, and we could be negatively affected by conditions specific to that region.
Interruption of our supply chain of coffee, flavored syrups or other ingredients, coffee machines and other restaurant equipment or packaging could affect our ability to produce or deliver our products and could negatively impact our business and profitability.
Increases in the cost of high-quality arabica coffee beans or other commodities or decreases in the availability of high-quality arabica coffee beans or other commodities could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.
Pandemics or disease outbreaks such as COVID-19 have had, and may continue to have, an effect on our business and results of operations.
Our success depends substantially on the value of our brands and failure to preserve their value could have a negative impact on our financial results.
Food safety and quality concerns may negatively impact our brand, business and profitability, our internal operational controls and standards may not always be met and our employees may not always act professionally, responsibly and in our and our customers’ best interests. Any possible instances or reports, whether true or not, of food and/or beverage-borne illness could reduce our sales.
Changes in the availability of and the cost of labor could harm our business.
Our culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the high employee engagement fostered by our culture, which could harm our business.
Our Co-Founder and Sponsor continue to have significant influence over us, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to stockholders for a vote.
We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules and, as a result, qualify for, and rely on, exemptions and relief from certain corporate governance requirements. You do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
Our growth strategy depends in part on opening new shops in existing and new markets. We may be unsuccessful in opening new shops or establishing new markets, which could adversely affect our growth.
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Our operating results and growth strategies are closely tied to the success of our franchise partners, and we have limited control with respect to their operations. Additionally, our franchise partners’ interests may conflict or diverge with our interests in the future, which could have a negative impact on our business.
We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remedy our material weakness, or if we fail to establish and maintain effective internal controls, we may be unable to produce timely and accurate financial statements, and we may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, which could adversely impact our investors’ confidence and our Class A common stock price.
Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to the other information set forth in this Form 10-K, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” our consolidated financial statements and related notes in this Form 10-K, before making an investment decision. If any of the risks and uncertainties described below occur, it could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and the trading price of our Class A common stock. Although it is not possible to predict or identify all such risks and uncertainties, they may include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed below. The risks described herein are not the only risks we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may be come material and adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows or the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Risks Related to Our Business
Evolving consumer preferences and tastes may adversely affect our business.
Dutch Bros’ continued success depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. Our financial results could be adversely affected by a shift in consumer spending away from outside-the-home beverages, lack of customer acceptance of new products (including due to price increases necessary to cover the costs of new beverages or higher input costs), brand perception (such as the existence or expansion of our competitors), platforms (such as features of our mobile application and changes in our loyalty rewards programs and initiatives) and a reduction in individual car ownership, which in turn may reduce the usefulness and convenience of our drive-thru shops, or customers reducing their demand for our current offerings as new beverages are introduced. In addition, most of our beverages contain sugar, caffeine, dairy products, and other compounds, such as taurine and artificial coloring, the health effects of which are the subject of public and regulatory scrutiny, including the suggestion of linkages to a variety of adverse health effects. There is increasing consumer awareness of health risks that are attributed to ingredients we use, particularly in the United States, including obesity, increased blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety and insomnia, as well as increased consumer litigation based on alleged adverse health impacts of consumption of various food and beverage products. While we offer alternatives, including reduced sugar and sugar-free items, an unfavorable report on the health effects of sugar, caffeine or other ingredients in our products or changes in public perception of these ingredients could significantly reduce the demand for our beverages. A decrease in customer traffic as a result of these health concerns or negative publicity could significantly reduce the demand for Dutch Bros’ hand-crafted beverages and could harm our business.
Our financial condition and results of operations are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, a number of factors, many of which are also largely outside our control.
Our results of operations will be subject to a number of factors and may vary significantly in the future as they have in the past, many of which are outside of our control, and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our results of operations and key
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metrics include, without limitation, those listed elsewhere in this Risk Factors section and those listed below. Any one or more of the factors listed below or described elsewhere in this section could harm our business:
increases in real estate or labor costs in certain markets;
changes in consumer preferences;
disruptions in our supply chain;
changes in governmental rules and approaches to taxation;
severe weather or other natural or man-made disasters affecting a large market or several closely located markets that may temporarily but significantly affect our business in such markets, including the price or availability of goods;
especially in our large markets, labor discord or disruption, geopolitical events, social unrest, war, including repercussions of the recent military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, terrorism, political instability, acts of public violence, boycotts, hostilities and social unrest and other health pandemics that lead to avoidance of public places or cause people to stay at home; and
adverse outcomes of litigation.
Our marketing programs may not be successful, and our new menu items and advertising campaigns may not generate increased sales or profits.
We incur costs and expend resources in our marketing efforts on new menu items and advertising campaigns to raise brand awareness and attract and retain customers. These initiatives may not be successful, resulting in expenses incurred without the benefit of higher revenue. Additionally, some of our competitors have greater financial resources than we do, which enable them to spend significantly more on marketing, advertising, pricing and other initiatives. Should our competitors increase spending on marketing and advertising and other initiatives or our marketing funds decrease for any reason, or should our advertising, promotions and new menu items fail to reach our customers effectively and efficiently, there could be an adverse effect on our sales and profits could decrease.
We may not be able to compete successfully with other coffee shops, QSRs and convenience shops, including the growing number of coffee delivery options. Intense competition in the foodservice and restaurant industry could make it more difficult to expand our business and could also have a negative impact on our operating results if customers favor our competitors or we are forced to change our pricing and other marketing strategies.
The foodservice and restaurant industry is intensely competitive. We expect competition in this market to continue to be intense as we compete on a variety of fronts, including convenience, taste, price, quality, service and location. If our company-operated and franchised shops cannot compete successfully with other beverage and coffee shops, including Dunkin’ Donuts, Starbucks, other specialty coffee shops, drive-thru QSRs and the growing number of coffee delivery options in new and existing markets, we could lose customers and our revenue could decline. Our company-operated and franchised shops compete with national, regional and local coffee chains, QSRs, and convenience shops for customers, shop locations and qualified management and other staff. Compared to us, some of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources, have been in business longer, have greater brand recognition or are better established in the markets where our shops are located or are planned to be located. In some markets that we may grow into, there are already well-funded competitors in the drive-thru coffee or beverage business that may challenge our ability to grow into those regions. Any of these competitive factors may harm our business.
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Additionally, if our competitors begin to evolve their business strategies and adopt aspects of the Dutch Bros business model, such as our drive-thru convenience and digital ordering, our customers may be drawn to those competitors for their beverage needs and our business could be harmed.
Our strategic initiatives and growth strategy may be unsuccessful which could adversely affect our business and financial results.
As of December 31, 2021, Dutch Bros had 538 shops across 12 states, of which 271 were company-operated and 267 were franchised. One of the key means to achieving our growth strategy will be through opening new shops and operating those shops on a profitable basis. During 2021, we opened 82 new company-operated shops, and our franchise partners opened 16 new franchise partner operated shops. Our ability to open new shops is dependent upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including our and our franchise partners’ ability to:
identify available and suitable sites, specifically for drive-thru locations;
compete for such sites;
reach acceptable agreements regarding the lease of locations;
obtain or have available the financing required to acquire and operate a shop, including construction and opening costs, which includes access to build-to-suit leases and ground lease construction arrangements;
respond to unforeseen engineering or environmental problems with leased premises;
avoid the impact of inclement weather, natural disasters and other calamities;
hire, train and retain the skilled management and other employees necessary to meet staffing needs;
obtain, in a timely manner and for an acceptable cost, required licenses, permits and regulatory approvals and respond effectively to any changes in local, state or federal law and regulations that adversely affect our and our franchise partners’ costs or ability to open new shops; and
control construction and equipment cost increases for new shops and secure the services of qualified contractors and subcontractors in an increasingly competitive environment.
There is no guarantee that a sufficient number of suitable sites for shops will be available in desirable areas or on terms that are acceptable to us in order to achieve our growth plan. If we are unable to open new shops, or if existing franchise partners do not open new shops, or if shop openings are significantly delayed, our revenue or earnings growth could be adversely affected and our business may be harmed.
As part of our longer term growth strategy, we expect to enter into geographic markets in which we have little or no prior operating experience. The challenges of entering new markets include: adapting to local regulations or restrictions that may limit our ability to open new shops, restrict the use of certain branding or increase the cost of development; difficulties in hiring experienced personnel; unfamiliarity with local real estate markets and demographics; consumer unfamiliarity with our brand; and different competitive and economic conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns that are more difficult to predict or satisfy than in our existing markets. Consumer recognition of our brand has been important in the success of our shops in our existing markets, and we will need to build this recognition in new markets. Shops we open in new markets may take longer to reach expected sales and profit levels on a consistent basis and may have higher construction, occupancy and operating costs than existing shops, thereby affecting our overall profitability. Any failure on our part to recognize or respond to these challenges may adversely affect the success of any new shops.
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Due to brand recognition and logistical synergies, as part of our growth strategy, we also intend to open new shops in areas where we have existing shops. The operating results and comparable shop sales could be adversely affected due to close proximity with our other shops and market saturation.
New shops, once opened, may not be profitable or may close, and the increases in average per shop revenue and comparable sales that we have experienced in the past may not be indicative of future results.
Our results have been, and in the future may continue to be, significantly impacted by the timing of new shop openings, which is subject to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including landlord delays, associated pre-opening costs and operating inefficiencies, as well as changes in our geographic concentration due to the opening of new shops. We have typically incurred the most significant portion of pre-opening expenses associated with a given shop within the three months preceding the opening of the shop. Our experience has been that labor and operating costs associated with a newly opened shop for the first several months of operation are materially greater than what can be expected after that time, both in aggregate dollars and as a percentage of sales. Our new shops commonly take three months or more to reach planned operating levels due to inefficiencies typically associated with new shops, including the training of new personnel, new market learning curves, inability to hire sufficient qualified staff, and other factors. We may incur additional costs in new markets, particularly for transportation and distribution, which may impact sales and the profitability of those shops. Accordingly, the volume and timing of new shop openings may have a material adverse impact on our profitability.
Although we target specified operating and financial metrics, new shops may never meet these targets or may take longer than anticipated to do so. Any new shop we open may never become profitable or achieve operating results similar to those of our existing shops, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Some of Dutch Bros’ shops open with an initial start-up period of higher than normal sales volumes and related costs, which subsequently decrease to stabilized levels. In new markets, the length of time before average sales for new shops stabilize is less predictable and can be longer as a result of our limited knowledge of these markets and consumers’ limited awareness of our brand. In addition, our AUV and comparable sales may not increase at the rates achieved over the past several years. Our ability to operate new shops profitably and increase average shop revenue and comparable shop sales will depend on many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
consumer awareness and understanding of the Dutch Bros brand;
general economic conditions, which can affect shop traffic, local labor costs and prices we pay for the beverage and other supplies we use;
consumption patterns and beverage preferences that differ from region to region;
changes in consumer preferences and discretionary spending;
difficulties obtaining or maintaining adequate relationships with distributors or suppliers in new markets;
increases in prices for commodities, including coffee, milk and flavored syrups;
inefficiency in our labor costs as the staff gains experience;
competition, either from our competitors in the beverage industry or our own shops;
temporary and permanent site characteristics of new shops;
changes in government regulation; and
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other unanticipated increases in costs, any of which could give rise to delays or cost overruns.
If our new shops do not perform as planned or close, our business and future prospects could be harmed. In addition, an inability to achieve our expected average shop revenue could harm our business.
Additionally, opening new shops in existing markets may negatively impact sales at our, and our franchise partners’, existing shops, even if it increases overall AUV in a region. The consumer target area of our shops varies by location, depending on a number of factors, including population density, other local retail and business attractions, area demographics and geography. As a result, the opening of a new shop in or near markets in which we or our franchise partners already have shops could adversely impact sales at these existing shops while growing the overall AUV in a region. Our core business strategy anticipates achieving an ideal AUV through multiple mid-volume shops in a single region to infill and reduce the number of high-volume shops in order to provide continued efficient service. However, existing shops could also make it more difficult to build our and our franchise partners’ consumer base for a new shop in the same market. Sales transfer between our shops may become significant in the future as we continue to expand our operations and could affect our sales growth, which could, in turn, harm our business.
As we expand, we may not be able to maintain our current average shop sales and our business may be harmed. Although we have specific target operating and financial metrics, new shops may not meet these targets or may take longer than anticipated to do so. Any new Dutch Bros shops we open may not be profitable or achieve operating results similar to those of our existing shops, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.
We have experienced rapid growth. The growth and expansion of our business may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. As we expand our business, it is important that we continue to maintain a high level of customer service and satisfaction which may place a significant strain on our management, sales and marketing, administrative, financial, and other resources. We may not be able to respond in a timely basis to all the changing demands that our planned expansion will impose on management and on our existing infrastructure, or be able to hire or retain the necessary management and broistas, which could harm our business. Further, if we are not able to continue to provide high quality customer service as a result of these demands, our reputation, as well as our business, including a decline in financial performance, could be harmed. If we experience a decline in financial performance, we may decrease the number of or discontinue new Dutch Bros shop openings, or we may decide to close shops that we are unable to operate in a profitable manner.
We are required to manage multiple relationships with various strategic partners, our franchise partners, customers, and other third parties. In the event of further growth of our operations or in the number of our third-party relationships, our existing management systems, financial and management controls and information systems may not be adequate to support our planned expansion and we may face challenges of integrating, developing, training, and motivating a rapidly growing employee base in our various shops and maintaining our company culture across multiple offices and shops. Our ability to manage our growth effectively will require us to continue to enhance our systems, procedures and controls and to locate, hire, train and retain management and broistas, particularly in new markets which may require significant capital expenditures.
Damage to our brand or reputation or negative publicity could negatively impact our business.
Our reputation and the quality of our Dutch Bros brand are critical to our business and success in existing markets and will be critical to our success as we enter new markets. We believe that we have built our reputation on the high quality of our hand-crafted beverages and service, our commitment to our customers and our strong employee culture, and we must protect and grow the value of our brand in order for us to continue to be successful. Any incident that erodes consumer loyalty for our brand could significantly reduce its value and damage our business.
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We may, from time to time, be faced with negative publicity, regardless of its accuracy, relating to beverage quality; the safety, sanitation and welfare of our shops; customer complaints or litigation alleging illness or injury; health inspection scores; integrity of our or our suppliers’ food processing, employment practices and other policies, practices and procedures; or employee relationships and welfare or other matters. Negative publicity may adversely affect us, regardless of whether the allegations are substantiated or whether we are held to be responsible. In addition, the negative impact of adverse publicity relating to one shop may extend far beyond the shop involved, to affect some or all of our other shops, including our franchise partner shops. The risk of negative publicity is particularly great with respect to our franchise partner shops because we are limited in the manner in which we can regulate them, especially on a real-time basis, and negative publicity from our franchise partners’ shops may also significantly impact company-operated shops. A similar risk exists with respect to beverage businesses unrelated to us if customers mistakenly associate such unrelated businesses with our operations. Employee claims against us based on, among other things, wage and hour violations, discrimination, harassment or wrongful termination may also create not only legal and financial liability but negative publicity that could adversely affect us and divert our financial and management resources that would otherwise be used to benefit the future performance of our operations. These types of employee claims could also be asserted against us, on a co-employer theory, by employees of our franchise partners. A significant increase in the number of these claims or an increase in the number of successful claims could harm our business.
Additionally, there has been a marked increase in the use of social media platforms and similar devices, including blogs, social media websites and other forms of internet-based communications that provide individuals with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. The availability of information on social media platforms is virtually immediate as is its impact. Many social media platforms immediately publish the content their subscribers and participants can post, often without filters or checks on accuracy of the content posted. The opportunity for dissemination of information, including inaccurate information, is seemingly limitless and readily available. Information concerning us may be posted on such platforms at any time. Information posted may be adverse to our interests or may be inaccurate, each of which may harm our performance, prospects or business. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.
Ultimately, the risks associated with any such negative publicity or incorrect information cannot be completely eliminated or mitigated and may harm our business.
Our inability to identify, recruit and retain qualified individuals for our shops could slow our growth and adversely impact our ability to operate.
Our success also depends substantially on the contributions and abilities of our broistas on whom we rely to give customers a superior experience and elevate our brand. At Dutch Bros, it’s about having fun and giving customers our special brand of “Dutch Luv,” growing our people, and forming genuine relationships with our customers. Accordingly, our success depends in part upon our ability to attract, motivate and retain a sufficient number of qualified operators, all of whom come from within our system, and broistas to meet the needs of our existing shops and to staff new shops. Some of our broistas advance to become operators and when they do, their prior positions need to be filled. We aim to hire warm, friendly, motivated, caring, self-aware and intellectually curious individuals, who are excited and committed to championship performance, remarkable and enriching hospitality, embodying our culture and actively growing themselves and our brand. A sufficient number of qualified individuals to fill these positions and qualifications may be in short supply in some communities. Competition in these communities for qualified staff is high and will likely require us to pay higher wages and provide greater benefits, especially if there is continued improvement in regional or national economic conditions. We place a heavy emphasis on the qualification and training of our personnel and spend a significant amount of time and money on training our employees. Any inability to recruit and retain qualified individuals may result in higher turnover and increased labor costs, and could compromise the quality of our service, all of which could adversely affect our business. Any such inability could also delay the planned openings of new shops and could adversely
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impact our existing shops. Any such inability to retain or recruit qualified employees, increased costs of attracting qualified employees or delays in shop openings could harm our business.
Our expansion into new domestic markets may present increased risks, which could affect our profitability.
We plan to open additional company-operated Dutch Bros shops in domestic markets where we have little or no operating experience. The target consumer base of our shops varies by location, depending on a number of factors, including population density, other local coffee and convenience beverage distributors, area demographics and geography. Shops we open in new markets may take longer to reach expected sales and profit levels on a consistent basis. New markets may have competitive or regulatory conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns that are more difficult to predict or satisfy than our existing markets. We may need to make greater investments than we originally planned in advertising and promotional activity in new markets to build brand awareness. We may find it more difficult in new markets to hire, motivate and keep qualified employees who share our values. We may also incur higher costs from entering new markets if, for example, we assign operators to manage comparatively fewer shops than we assign in more developed markets. Also, until we attain a critical mass in a market, the shops we do open will have reduced operating leverage. As a result, these new shops may be less successful or may achieve target operating profit margins at a slower rate than existing shops did, if ever. If we do not successfully execute our plans to enter new markets, our business could be harmed.
We are subject to the risks associated with leasing space subject to long-term non-cancelable lease and, with respect to the real property that we own, owning real estate.
Our leases generally have initial terms of 15 years with renewal options. Shop leases provide for a specified annual rent, typically at a fixed rate for the first five years with Consumer Price Index increases and other escalators. Generally, our leases are “net” leases, which require us to pay all the cost of insurance, taxes, maintenance and utilities. We generally cannot terminate these leases without incurring substantial costs. Additional sites that we lease are likely to be subject to similar long-term non-cancelable leases. If an existing or future shop is not profitable, and we decide to close it, we may nonetheless be committed to perform our obligations under the applicable lease including, among other things, paying the base rent for the balance of the lease term. In addition, as each of our leases expires, we may fail to negotiate renewals, either on commercially acceptable terms or at all, which could cause us to close shops in desirable locations. Also, because we sometimes purchase real property for various shop locations, we're subject to all the risks generally associated with owning real estate, including changes in the investment climate for real estate, demographic trends and supply or demand for the use of the shops, which may result from competition from similar restaurants in the area as well as strict, joint and several liability for environmental contamination at or from the property, regardless of fault.
Our operating results and growth strategies are closely tied to the success of our franchise partners and we have limited control with respect to their operations. Additionally, our franchise partners’ interests may conflict or diverge with our interests in the future, which could have a negative impact on our business.
As of December 31, 2021, approximately 50% of our shops were operated by Dutch Bros’ franchise partners and, because of this, we depend on the financial success and cooperation of our franchise partners for our success. Our franchise partners are independent business operators and are not our employees, and as such we have limited control over how our franchise partners run their businesses, and their inability to operate successfully could adversely affect our operating results.
We receive royalties, franchise fees, contributions to our marketing development fund, and other fees from our franchise partners. Additionally, we sell proprietary products to our franchise partners at a markup over our cost to produce. We have established operational standards and guidelines for our franchise partners; however, we have limited control over how our franchise partners’ businesses are run,
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including day to day operations. Even with these operation standards and guidelines, the quality of franchised Dutch Bros shops may be diminished by any number of factors beyond our control. Consequently, our franchise partners may not successfully operate shops in a manner consistent with our standards and requirements, such as quality, service and cleanliness, or may not hire and train qualified shop managers, broistas and other shop personnel or may not implement marketing programs and major initiatives such as shop remodels or equipment or technology upgrades, which may require financial investment. Even if such unsuccessful operations do not rise to the level of breaching the related franchise documents, they may be attributed by customers to our Dutch Bros brand and could have a negative impact on our business.
Our franchise partners may not be able to secure adequate financing to open or continue operating their Dutch Bros shops. If they incur too much debt or if economic or sales trends deteriorate such that they are unable to repay existing debt, our franchise partners could experience financial distress or even bankruptcy. If a significant number of our franchise partners become financially distressed, it could harm our operating results through reduced royalty revenue, marketing fees, and proprietary product sales, and the impact on our profitability could be greater than the percentage decrease in these revenue streams.
While we are responsible for ensuring the success of our entire system of shops and for taking a longer term view with respect to system improvements, our franchise partners have individual business strategies and objectives, which might conflict with our interests. Our franchise partners may from time to time disagree with us and our strategies and objectives regarding the business or our interpretation of our respective rights and obligations under the franchise agreement and the terms and conditions of the franchise partner relationship. This may lead to disputes with our franchise partners and we expect such disputes to occur from time to time in the future as we continue to have franchises. Such disputes may result in legal action against us. To the extent we have such disputes, the attention, time and financial resources of our management and our franchise partners will be diverted from our shops, which could harm our business even if we have a successful outcome in the dispute.
Actions or omissions by our franchise partners in violation of various laws may be attributed to us or result in negative publicity that affects our overall brand image, which may decrease consumer demand for our products. Franchise partners may engage in online activity via social media or activity in their personal lives that negatively impacts public perception of our franchise partners, our operations or our brand as a whole. This activity may negatively affect franchise partners’ sales and in turn impact our revenue.
In addition, various state and federal laws govern our relationship with our franchise partners and our potential sale of a franchise. A franchise partner and/or a government agency may bring legal action against us based on the franchisee/franchisor relationships that could result in the award of damages to franchise partners and/or the imposition of fines or other penalties against us.
Our shops are geographically concentrated in the Western United States, and we could be negatively affected by conditions specific to that region.
As of December 31, 2021, our company-operated and franchised shops in the Western United States represent approximately 93% of our total shops. Adverse changes in demographic, unemployment, economic, regulatory or weather conditions in the Western United States have harmed, and may continue to harm, our business. As a result of our concentration in this market, we have been, and in the future may be, disproportionately affected by these adverse conditions compared to other chain beverage shops with a national footprint. For example, in recent years, wildfires spread across most western states causing poor air quality which reduced consumers’ willingness to venture outside their homes and reduced our AUVs, and any future wildfires may have a similar impact.
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Interruption of our supply chain of coffee, flavored syrups or other ingredients, coffee machines and other restaurant equipment or packaging could affect our ability to produce or deliver our products and could negatively impact our business and profitability.
Any material interruption in our supply chain, such as material interruption of the supply of coffee, flavored syrups, dairy, coffee machines and other restaurant equipment or packaging, including any packaging for our for our proprietary products due to the casualty loss of any of our roasting plant, interruptions in service by our third-party logistic service providers or common carriers that ship goods within our distribution channels, trade restrictions, such as increased tariffs or quotas, embargoes or customs restrictions, pandemics, social or labor unrest, natural disasters or political disputes and military conflicts, including repercussions of the recent military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, that cause a material disruption in our supply chain could have a negative material impact on our business and our profitability. For example, in 2005, our roasting facility burned and our costs increased as we replaced these operations by purchasing coffee from other roasters and paying for contract roasting to cover for the shortage in our own supply, and in 2021, there were global delays in shipping due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Additionally, most of our beverage and other products are sourced from a wide variety of domestic and international business partners and we rely on these suppliers to provide high quality products and to comply with applicable laws. For certain products, we may rely on one or very few suppliers, such as for our proprietary Dutch Bros. Blue Rebel energy drinks, where we rely on our relationship with Portland Bottling Co. to manufacture and bottle these drinks. Sales of Dutch Bros. Blue Rebel accounted for approximately 28% of our systemwide net sales in 2021. Failures by Portland Bottling Co. or any of our other suppliers to meet our standards, provide products in a timely and efficient manner, or comply with applicable laws is beyond our control. Failures by a supplier could have a direct negative impact that would harm our business by reducing our and our franchise partners’ sales, which would reduce income from direct sales and royalties.
We have experienced disruptions in our supply chain for certain products including cups, canning supplies, lids, espresso machines and restaurant equipment parts, and certain building materials and supplies. While we have, to this point, been able to find acceptable replacements or substitutes or prepurchase certain materials or items, this may not always be possible, especially if supply chains continue to suffer disruptions for extended periods of time. If we are unable to source critical or proprietary supplies, it will negatively affect or business and profitability. If we are unable to locate sufficient building or construction materials, we may not be able to achieve our stated growth objectives.
Increases in the cost of high-quality arabica coffee beans or other commodities or decreases in the availability of high-quality arabica coffee beans or other commodities could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.
The availability and prices of coffee beans and other commodities are subject to significant volatility. We purchase, roast and sell high-quality whole bean arabica coffee beans and related coffee products. The high-quality arabica coffee of the quality we seek tends to trade on a negotiated basis at a premium above the “C” price. This premium depends upon the supply and demand at the time of purchase and the amount of the premium can vary significantly. Increases in the “C” coffee commodity price increase the price of high-quality arabica coffee and also impact our ability to enter into fixed-price purchase commitments. We frequently enter into supply contracts whereby the quality, quantity, delivery period and other negotiated terms are agreed upon, but the date, and therefore price, at which the base “C” coffee commodity price component will be fixed has not yet been established.
The supply and price of coffee we purchase can also be affected by multiple factors in the producing countries, such as weather (including the potential effects of climate change), natural disasters, crop disease, general increase in farm inputs and costs of production, inventory levels, political and economic conditions and the actions of certain organizations and associations that have historically attempted to influence prices of green coffee through agreements establishing export quotas or by restricting coffee
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supplies. Speculative trading in coffee commodities can also influence coffee prices. Because of the significance of coffee beans to our operations, combined with our ability to only partially mitigate future price risk through purchasing practices and hedging activities, increases in the cost of high-quality arabica coffee beans could have a material adverse impact on our profitability. In addition, if we are not able to purchase sufficient quantities of green coffee due to any of the above factors or to a worldwide or regional shortage, we may not be able to fulfill the demand for our coffee, which could have a material adverse impact on our profitability.
We also purchase significant amounts of dairy products, particularly milk, to support the needs of our shops. Additionally, and although less significant to our operations than coffee or dairy, other commodities, including but not limited to plant-based “milks,” tea, sugar, syrups, energy and packaging material, such as plastics, corrugate, and canning materials, are important to our operations. Increases in the cost of dairy products and other commodities, such as petroleum, which in turn may increase the cost of our packing materials, or lack of availability, whether due to supply shortages, delays or interruptions in processing, or otherwise, especially in international markets, could harm our business.
If we fail to offer high-quality customer experience, our business and reputation will suffer.
Numerous factors may impact a customer’s experience which may in turn impact the likelihood of such customer returning. Those factors include service, convenience, taste, price, quality, location of our shops and brand image. In addition to providing high quality hand-crafted beverages, we empower our employees to provide an enhanced customer experience. Our broistas put customer needs first and we give them the flexibility required to build genuine, meaningful connections that keep our customers returning for more. From remembering our regulars by name and knowing their customary order, to having treats ready for the four-legged members of the family, or by offering a free drink to someone having a rough day—there is a hint of magic in the details of the Dutch Bros experience that leads to recurring, loyal customers. As we grow, it may be difficult for us to identify, recruit, train and manage enough people with the right skills, talent and attitude to provide this enhanced customer experience.
If we fail to maintain adequate operational and financial resources, particularly if we continue to grow rapidly, we may be unable to execute our business plan or maintain high levels of service and customer satisfaction.
Our continuous growth and expansion has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and our operational and financial resources and in connection therewith, our organizational structure is becoming more complex as we scale our operational, financial, and management controls, as well as our reporting systems and procedures. As we continue to grow, we face challenges of integrating, developing, training, and motivating a rapidly growing employee base in our various shops and maintaining our company culture across multiple offices and shops. Certain members of our management have not previously worked together for an extended period of time, and some do not have prior experience managing a public company, which may affect how they manage our growth. If we fail to manage our anticipated growth and change in a manner that preserves the key aspects of our corporate culture, the quality of our beverages and services may suffer, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation and harm our ability to attract users, employees, and organizations.
To manage growth in our operations and personnel, we need to continue to grow and improve our operational, financial, and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. We will require significant capital expenditures and the allocation of valuable management resources to grow and change in these areas. Our expansion has placed, and our expected future growth will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, customer experience, research and development, sales and marketing, administrative, financial, and other resources.
In addition, as we expand our business, it is important that we continue to maintain a high level of customer service and satisfaction. As our customer base continues to grow, we will need to expand our customer service and other personnel, which will require more complex management and systems. If we
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are not able to continue to provide high levels of customer service, our reputation, as well as our business could be harmed.
We are increasingly dependent on information technology and our ability to process data in order to operate and sell our goods and services, and if we (or our vendors) are unable to protect against software and hardware vulnerabilities, service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks, ransomware or security breaches, or if we fail to comply with our commitments and assurances regarding the privacy and security of such data, our operations could be disrupted, our ability to provide our goods and services could be interrupted, our reputation may be harmed and we may be exposed to liability and loss of customers and business.
We rely on information technology networks and systems and data processing (some of which are managed by third-party service providers) to market, sell and deliver our products and services, to fulfill orders, to collect, receive, store, process, generate, use, transfer, disclose, make accessible, protect, secure, dispose of and share (Process or Processing) personal information, confidential or proprietary information, financial information and other information, to manage a variety of business processes and activities, for financial reporting purposes, to operate our business, to process orders, for legal and marketing purposes and to comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements (Business Functions). These information technology networks and systems, and the Processing they perform, may be vulnerable to data security and privacy threats, cyber and otherwise. Moreover, the risk of unauthorized circumvention of our security measures or those of our third parties on whom we rely has been heightened by advances in computer and software capabilities and the increasing sophistication of hackers who employ complex techniques, including, without limitation, “phishing” or social engineering incidents, ransomware, extortion, account takeover attacks, denial or degradation of service attacks and malware. Further, breaches experienced by other companies may also be leveraged against us. For example, credential stuffing attacks are becoming increasingly common and sophisticated actors can mask their attacks, making them increasingly difficult to identify and prevent. We have technology security initiatives and disaster recovery plans in place to mitigate our risk to these vulnerabilities, but these measures may not be adequately designed or implemented to ensure that our operations are not disrupted or that data security breaches do not occur. If our information technology networks and systems or data processing suffers damage, security breaches, vulnerabilities, disruption or shutdown, and we do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, they could cause a material adverse impact to, our Business Functions and our business, reputation and financial condition.
Hackers and data thieves are increasingly sophisticated and operate large-scale and complex automated attacks, which may remain undetected until after they occur. Despite our efforts to protect our information technology networks and systems, Processing and information, we may not be able to anticipate or to implement effective preventive and remedial measures against all data security and privacy threats. Our security measures may not be adequate to prevent or detect service interruption, system failure data loss or theft, or other material adverse consequences. No security solution, strategy or measures can address all possible security threats. Our applications, systems, networks, software and physical facilities could have material vulnerabilities, be breached or personal or confidential information could be otherwise compromised due to employee error or malfeasance, if, for example, third parties attempt to fraudulently induce our personnel or our customers to disclose information or user names and/or passwords, or otherwise compromise the security of our networks, systems and/or physical facilities. We cannot be certain that we will be able to address any such vulnerabilities, in whole or part, and there may be delays in developing and deploying patches and other remedial measures to adequately address vulnerabilities, and taking such remedial steps could adversely impact or disrupt our operations. We expect similar issues to arise in the future as our mobile application is more widely adopted, and as we continue to expand the features and functionality of our mobile application.
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An actual or perceived breach of our security systems or those of our third-party service providers may require notification under applicable data privacy regulations or for customer relations or publicity purposes, which could result in reputational harm, costly litigation (including class action litigation), material contract breaches, liability, settlement costs, loss of sales, regulatory scrutiny, actions or investigations, a loss of confidence in our business, systems and Processing, a diversion of management’s time and attention, and significant fines, penalties, assessments, fees and expenses.
The costs to respond to a security breach and/or to mitigate any security vulnerabilities that may be identified could be significant, our efforts to address these problems may not be successful. These costs include, but are not limited to, retaining the services of cybersecurity providers; compliance costs arising out of existing and future cybersecurity, data protection and privacy laws and regulations; and costs related to maintaining redundant networks, data backups and other damage-mitigation measures. We could be required to fundamentally change our business activities and practices in response to a security breach or related regulatory actions or litigation, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Additionally, most jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities, and others of security breaches involving certain types of data. Such mandatory disclosures are costly, could lead to negative publicity, may cause our customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures and require us to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to and/or alleviate problems caused by the actual or perceived security breach.
We may not have adequate insurance coverage for handling security incidents or breaches, including fines, judgments, settlements, penalties, costs, attorney fees and other impacts that arise out of incidents or breaches. If the impacts of a security incident or breach, or the successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage, or results in changes to our insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), it could harm our business. In addition, we cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or that our insurers will not deny coverage as to all or part of any future claim or loss. Moreover, our privacy risks are likely to increase as we continue to expand, grow our customer base, and process, store, and transmit increasingly large amounts of personal and/or sensitive data.
Pandemics or disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic have had, and may continue to have, an effect on our business and results of operations.
Pandemics or disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted and are likely to continue to impact customer traffic at our Dutch Bros shops and may make it more difficult to staff our shops and, in more severe cases, may cause a temporary inability to obtain supplies and increase commodity costs. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve rapidly, and while we continue to monitor it closely, the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations and development timelines and plans remains uncertain and will depend on future developments that cannot be predicted at this time. Such developments include the continued spread of the Delta and Omicron variants in the U.S. and other countries and the potential emergence of other variants that may prove especially contagious or virulent, the effectiveness of actions taken globally to contain and treat the disease, including the rate at which vaccinations (including boosters to vaccinations) are made available, the percentage of the population that becomes vaccinated and the effectiveness of the vaccines against Delta, Omicron or other SARS-CoV-2 variants. The COVID-19 has impacted all global economies, and in the United States has resulted in varying levels of restrictions and shutdowns implemented by national, state, and local authorities.
Even though we have been deemed an “essential business” to date during this COVID-19 pandemic and have been allowed to remain in operation, even while some of our competitors were not, there is no guarantee that in the event of a future pandemic or resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic that we will receive the same designation. Regardless of our status as an essential business during the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations have been and we expect will be disrupted when employees or employees of our franchise partners were suspected of having COVID-19 or other illnesses since this required us or our
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franchise partners to quarantine some or all such employees and close and disinfect our impacted shops. If a significant percentage of our workforce or the workforce of our franchise partners are unable to work, including because of illness or travel or government restrictions, like quarantine requirements, in connection with pandemics or disease outbreaks, our operations may be negatively impacted, potentially materially adversely affecting our business, liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures have also had an adverse impact on global economic conditions generally, which have had an adverse effect on our business and financial condition. Our sales and operating results may be affected by uncertain or changing economic and market conditions arising in connection with and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including prolonged periods of high unemployment, inflation, deflation, prolonged weak consumer demand, a decrease in consumer discretionary spending, political instability or other changes.
Our success is heavily reliant on our franchise partners and the COVID-19 pandemic has caused and may continue to cause financial distress for certain franchise partners that have been or will be impacted. As a result of this distress, our franchise partners may not be able to meet their financial obligations as they come due, including the payment of royalties, rent or other amounts due to us. This has led to, and may continue to lead to, write-offs of amounts we have currently due from our franchise partners beyond amounts we have reserved, as well as decreased future collections from franchise partners. Additionally, in certain instances, we have offered grace periods for certain near-term payments due to us by our franchise partners who needed more access to capital and were in good standing with Dutch Bros. If we need to extend such grace periods again in the future, it will negatively impact our cash flows in the near-term and there is no guarantee that our franchise partners will ultimately pay amounts due. Additionally, our franchise partners may not be able to make payments to landlords, distributors and key suppliers, as well as payments to service any debt they may have outstanding. Franchise partners’ financial distress has also led to, and may continue to lead to, permanent shop closures and delayed or reduced new franchise partners development which would further harm our results and liquidity going forward. Further, in some cases, we are contingently liable for franchise partner lease or supplier obligations, and a failure by a franchise partner to perform its obligations under such lease could result in direct payment obligations for us.
We do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our business, operations or the global economy as a whole. While the spread of COVID-19 may eventually be contained or mitigated, we do not yet know how our business, our customers or our franchise partners will operate in a post COVID-19 environment. In addition, new strains and variants of the virus have caused a resurgence and an increase in reported infection rates, particularly in areas with lower vaccination rates, which may impact the general economic recovery. There is no guarantee that a future outbreak of this or any other widespread epidemics will not occur, or that the global economy will recover, either of which could seriously harm our business fully recover. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar health epidemic on our business, operations or the global economy as a whole remains highly uncertain.
While we have developed and continue to develop plans to help mitigate the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, these efforts may not be effective, and any protracted economic downturn will likely limit the effectiveness of our efforts. Accordingly, it is not possible for us to predict the duration and extent to which this will affect our business at this time.
Risks Related to Our Brands
Our success depends substantially on the value of our brands and failure to preserve their value could have a negative impact on our financial results.
Our success depends in large part upon our and our franchise partners’ ability to maintain and enhance our corporate reputation and the value and perception of our brands. Brand value is based in part on consumer perceptions on a variety of subjective qualities. To be successful in the future, particularly
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outside of the Western United States where the Dutch Bros brand may be less well-known, we believe we must preserve, grow and leverage the value of our brand across interactions.
Business incidents, whether isolated or recurring and whether originating from us or our business partners, that erode consumer trust can significantly reduce brand value, potentially trigger boycotts of our shops or result in civil or criminal liability and can have a negative impact on our financial results. Such incidents include actual or perceived breaches of privacy, contaminated products, broistas infected with communicable diseases, such as COVID-19, or other potential incidents discussed in this Risk Factors section. The impact of such incidents may be exacerbated if they receive considerable publicity, including rapidly through social or digital media (including for malicious reasons) or result in litigation. Consumer demand for our products and our brand equity could diminish significantly if we, our employees, franchise partners or other business partners fail to preserve the quality of our products, act or are perceived to act in an unethical, illegal, racially-biased, unequal or socially irresponsible manner, including with respect to the sourcing, content or sale of our products, service and treatment of customers at Dutch Bros shops, or the use of customer data for general or direct marketing or other purposes. Additionally, if we fail to comply with laws and regulations, publicly take controversial positions or actions or fail to deliver a consistently positive consumer experience in each of our markets, including by failing to invest in the right balance of wages and benefits to attract and retain employees that represent the brand well or foster an inclusive and diverse environment, our brand value may be diminished.
Moreover, our success depends in large part upon our ability to maintain our corporate reputation. For example, the reputation of our Dutch Bros brand could be damaged by claims or perceptions about the quality or safety of our ingredients or beverages or the quality or reputation of our suppliers, distributors or franchise partners or by claims or perceptions that we, our franchise partners or other business partners have acted or are acting in an unethical, illegal, racially-biased or socially irresponsible manner or are not fostering an inclusive and diverse environment, regardless of whether such claims or perceptions are substantiated. Our corporate reputation could also suffer from negative publicity or consumer sentiment regarding Dutch Bros action or inaction or brand imagery, a real or perceived failure of corporate governance, or misconduct by any officer or any employee or representative of us or a franchise partner. Any such incidents (even if resulting from actions of a competitor or franchise partner) could cause a decline directly or indirectly in consumer confidence in, or the perception of, our Dutch Bros brand and/or our products and reduce consumer demand for our products, which would likely result in lower revenue and profits.
There has been an increased public focus, including from the United States federal and state governments, on environmental sustainability matters, including with respect to climate change, greenhouse gases, water resources, packaging and waste, animal health and welfare, deforestation and land use. We endeavor to conduct our business in a manner which reflects our priority of sustainable stewardship, including with respect to environmental sustainability matters, and we are working to manage the risks and costs to us, our franchise partners and our supply chain associated with these types of environmental sustainability matters. In addition, as the result of such heightened public focus on environmental sustainability matters, we may face increased pressure to provide expanded disclosure, make or expand commitments, set targets, or establish additional goals and take actions to meet such goals, in connection with such environmental sustainability matters. These matters and our efforts to address them could expose us to market, operational, reputational and execution costs or risks.
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, including trademarks, trade names, and service marks, which, in turn, could harm the value of our brand and adversely affect our business.
Our ability to implement our business plan successfully depends in part on our ability to further build brand recognition using our trademarks, service marks, proprietary products and other intellectual property, including our name and logos and the unique character and atmosphere of our Dutch Bros shops. We rely on U.S. trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws, as well as license agreements, nondisclosure agreements, and confidentiality and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual
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property. Nevertheless, our competitors may develop similar menu items and concepts, and adequate remedies may not be available in the event of an unauthorized use or disclosure of our trade secrets and other intellectual property.
The success of our business depends on our continued ability to use our existing trademarks, trade names, and service marks to increase brand awareness and further develop our brand as we expand into new markets. We have registered and applied to register trademarks and service marks in the United States. We may not be able to adequately protect our trademarks and service marks, and our competitors and others may successfully challenge the validity and/or enforceability of our trademarks and service marks and other intellectual property. There can also be no assurance that pending or future U.S. trademark applications will be approved in a timely manner or at all, or that such registrations will effectively protect our brand names and trademarks.
Additionally, the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property in the United States may not be adequate. If our efforts to maintain and protect our intellectual property are inadequate, or if any third party misappropriates, dilutes or infringes on our intellectual property, the value of our brand may be harmed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and might prevent our brands from achieving or maintaining market acceptance. Even with our own franchise partners, whose activities are monitored and regulated through our franchise agreements, we face risk that they may refer to or make statements about our Dutch Bros brand that do not make proper use of our trademarks or required designations, that improperly alter trademarks or branding, or that are critical of our brand or place our brand in a context that may tarnish our reputation. This may result in dilution of, or harm to, our intellectual property or the value of our brand.
We may also from time to time be required to institute litigation to enforce our trademarks, service marks and other intellectual property. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could negatively affect our sales, profitability and prospects regardless of whether we can successfully enforce our rights.
Third parties may oppose our trademark and service mark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks and service marks. In the event that these or other intellectual property rights are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which would result in loss of brand recognition and would require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Third parties may also assert that we infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate their intellectual property and may sue us for intellectual property infringement. Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs, and the time and attention of our management and other personnel may be diverted in pursuing these proceedings. If a court finds that we infringe a third party's intellectual property, we may be required to pay damages and/or be subject to an injunction. With respect to any third party intellectual property that we use or wish to use in our business (whether or not asserted against us in litigation), we may not be able to enter into licensing or other arrangements with the owner of such intellectual property at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms.
Food safety and quality concerns may negatively impact our brand, business and profitability, our internal operational controls and standards may not always be met and our employees may not always act professionally, responsibly and in our and our customers’ best interests. Any possible instances or reports, whether true or not, of food and/or beverage-borne illness could reduce our sales.
Incidents or reports, whether true or not, of food-borne or water-borne illness or other food safety issues, food contamination or tampering, employee hygiene and cleanliness failures or improper employee conduct at our shops could lead to product liability or other claims. Such incidents or reports could negatively affect our brand and reputation as well as our business, revenue and profits. Similar incidents or reports occurring at coffee and convenience shops unrelated to us could likewise create negative publicity, which could negatively impact consumer behavior towards us.
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We cannot guarantee to customers that our internal controls and training will be fully effective in preventing all food-borne illnesses. New illnesses resistant to our current precautions may develop in the future, or diseases with long incubation periods could arise, that could give rise to claims or allegations on a retroactive basis. One or more instances of food-borne illness in one of our company-operated or franchised shops could negatively affect sales at all our shops if highly publicized. This risk exists even if it were later determined that the illness was wrongly attributed to one of our shops. Additionally, even if food-borne illnesses were not identified at our shops, our sales could be adversely affected if instances of food-borne illnesses at other coffee and beverage chains were highly publicized.
If we or our franchise partners are unable to protect our customers’ credit and debit card data or confidential information in connection with process the same or confidential employee information, we could be exposed to data loss, litigation, liability and reputational damage.
Our business requires the collection, transmission and retention of large volumes of customer and employee data, including credit and debit card numbers and other personally identifiable information, in various information technology systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third parties with whom we contract to provide services. The integrity and protection of that customer and employee data is critical to us. Further, our customers and employees have a high expectation that we and our service providers will adequately protect their personal information.
We currently accept payments using credit cards and debit cards and, as such, are subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, which is a security standard applicable to companies like ours that collect, store or transmit certain data regarding credit and debit cards, holders and transactions. We are also subject to rules governing electronic funds transfers. Such rules could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we (or a third party processing payment card transactions on our behalf) suffer a security breach affecting payment card information, we may have to pay onerous and significant fines, penalties and assessments arising out of the major card brands’ rules and regulations, contractual indemnifications or liability contained in merchant agreements and similar contracts, and we may lose our ability to accept payment cards for payment for our goods and services, which could materially impact our operations and financial performance.
The information, security and privacy requirements imposed by governmental regulation are increasingly demanding. Our systems may not be able to satisfy these changing requirements and customer and employee expectations or may require significant additional investments or time in order to do so. Efforts to hack or breach security measures, failures of systems or software to operate as designed or intended, viruses, operator error or inadvertent releases of data all threaten our and our service providers' information systems and records. A breach in the security of our information technology systems or those of our service providers could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits. For example, in 2014, our online store and our customers were the victims of a security breach and as a result a few thousand of our customer’s personal information records were exposed. Additionally, a significant theft, loss or misappropriation of, or access to, customers’ or other proprietary data or other breach of our information technology systems could result in fines, legal claims or proceedings, including regulatory investigations and actions, or liability for failure to comply with privacy and information security laws, which could disrupt our operations, damage our reputation and expose us to claims from customers and employees, any of which could harm our business.
Risks Related to People and Culture
Changes in the availability of and the cost of labor could harm our business.
Our business could be harmed by increases in labor costs, including those increases triggered by regulatory actions regarding wages, scheduling and benefits, increased health care and workers’ compensation insurance costs, which, in a retail business such as ours, are some of our most significant
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costs. In particular, our broistas are paid wage rates at or based on the applicable federal or state minimum wage, and increases in the applicable minimum wage will increase labor costs. From time to time, legislative proposals are made to increase the minimum wage at the federal or state level. As federal, state or other applicable minimum wage rates increase, we may be required to increase not only the wage rates of minimum wage broistas or other employees, but also the wages paid to other hourly employees. We may not choose to increase prices in order to pass future increased labor costs on to customers, in which case our margins would be negatively affected. If we do not increase prices to cover increased labor costs, the higher prices could result in lower revenue, which may also reduce margins.
Furthermore, the successful operation of our business depends upon our, and our franchise partners’, ability to attract, motivate and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees. From time to time, there may be a shortage of qualified employees in certain of the communities in which we operate or expand to. Shortages may make it increasingly difficult and expensive to attract, train and retain the services of a satisfactory number of qualified employees, which could delay the planned openings of new company-operated and franchised shops and adversely impact the operations and profitability of existing shops. Furthermore, competition for qualified employees, particularly in markets where such shortages exist, could require us to pay higher wages, which could result in higher labor costs. Accordingly, if we and our franchise partners are unable to recruit and retain sufficiently qualified individuals, our business could be harmed.
Additionally, the growth of our business can make it increasingly difficult to locate and hire sufficient numbers of key employees, to maintain an effective system of internal controls for a dispersed chain and to train employees to deliver consistently high-quality hand-crafted beverages and customer experiences, which could materially harm our business and results of operations. Furthermore, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we could experience a shortage of labor for shop positions as concern over exposure to COVID-19 and other factors could decrease the pool of available qualified talent for key functions. In addition, our wages and benefits programs, combined with the challenging conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, may be insufficient to attract and retain the best talent.
We depend on our executive officers and other key employees, and the loss of one or more of these employees or an inability to attract and retain other highly skilled employees could harm our business.
Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key employees. We rely on our leadership team in the areas of marketing, sales, customer experience, and selling, general and administrative. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. The loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees could harm our business. Changes in our executive management team may also cause disruptions in, and harm to, our business.
Dutch Bros continues to be led by our Executive Chairman and Co-Founder, Travis Boersma, who plays an important role in driving our culture, determining the strategy, and executing against that strategy across our company. If Mr. Boersma’s services became unavailable to Dutch Bros for any reason, it may be difficult or impossible for us to find an adequate replacement, which could cause us to be less successful in maintaining our culture and developing and effectively executing on our company strategies.
Our culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the high employee engagement fostered by our culture, which could harm our business.
At Dutch Bros, we believe our people-first culture is a critical component of our success and customer loyalty. The success of this differentiated people-first culture and serving hand-crafted, high-quality beverages through the convenience of a premium drive-thru experience has helped us enter new markets and rapidly open new shops. We have invested substantial time and resources in developing pathways for our employees to create their own compelling future, which we believe has fostered the positive,
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people-first culture that defines our organization and is enjoyed by our customers. We have built out our leadership team with an expectation of protecting this culture, an emphasis on shared values and a commitment to diversity and inclusion. As we continue to develop the infrastructure to support our growth, we will need to maintain our culture among a larger number of employees dispersed in various geographic regions. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel, and loss of customer loyalty.
Unionization activities may disrupt our operations and affect our profitability.
Although none of our employees are currently covered under collective bargaining agreements, our employees may elect to be represented by labor unions in the future. If a significant number of our employees were to become unionized and collective bargaining agreement terms were significantly different from our current compensation arrangements, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, a labor dispute involving some or all of our employees may harm our reputation, disrupt our operations and reduce our revenue, and resolution of disputes may increase our costs. Further, if we enter into a new market with unionized construction companies, or the construction companies in our current markets become unionized, construction and build out costs for new shops in such markets could materially increase.
Risks Related to Regulation and Litigation
Changes in statutory, regulatory, accounting, and other legal requirements, including changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, could potentially impact our operating and financial results.
We are subject to numerous statutory, regulatory and legal requirements. Our operating results could be negatively impacted by developments in these areas due to the costs of compliance in addition to possible government penalties and litigation in the event of deemed noncompliance. Changes in the regulatory environment in the area of food safety, privacy and information security, wage and hour laws, among others, could potentially impact our operations and financial results.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP) are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
Moreover, while we believe that we maintain insurance customary for businesses of our size and type, there are types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. Such losses could harm our business.
Government regulations and mandates related to COVID-19 prevention or response may have an negative impact on our business and profitability by exacerbating an already challenging labor market, increasing costs for testing and compliance, and causing labor shortages.
Federal regulators and some state governments in states that we do business in have indicated that they will be imposing vaccination and testing mandates for employers. While the exact contours of these rules and regulations are not yet known, if vaccinations are mandated it will negatively impact our ability to recruit and retain sufficient employees to meet our growth goals and operate existing shops in some areas. In addition, if these mandates impose the cost of testing on employers, such as having testing done on-the-clock, this could have a material impact on our business and profitability.
Until the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may be made subject to additional burdensome employment and health and safety laws and regulations passed or adopted by legislatures and regulators in an effort to end the pandemic or mitigate its effects. Any future pandemics could have similar impacts.
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Fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate and realization of our deferred tax assets may result in volatility of our operating results and adversely affect our financial condition.
We are subject to taxes by the U.S. federal, state, and local tax authorities, and our tax liabilities will be affected by the allocation of expenses to differing jurisdictions. We record tax expense based on our estimates of future payments, which may include reserves for uncertain tax positions in multiple tax jurisdictions, and valuation allowances related to certain net deferred tax assets. At any one time, many tax years may be subject to audit by various taxing jurisdictions. The results of these audits and negotiations with taxing authorities may affect the ultimate settlement of these issues. We expect that throughout the year there could be ongoing variability in our quarterly tax rates as events occur and exposures are evaluated. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;
expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowance;
changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations thereof; or
future earnings being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory tax rates.
In addition, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be materially impacted by a variety of factors including but not limited to changes in the mix and level of earnings, varying tax rates in the different jurisdictions in which we operate, fluctuations in the valuation allowance or by changes to existing accounting rules or regulations. Further, tax legislation may be enacted in the future which could negatively impact our current or future tax structure and effective tax rates. We may be subject to audits of our income, sales and other transaction taxes by U.S. federal, state, and local taxing authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
We are subject to many federal, state and local laws with which compliance is both costly and complex.
The beverage industry is subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations, including the recently enacted comprehensive health care reform legislation discussed above, those relating to building and zoning requirements and those relating to the preparation and sale of food and beverages or consumption. Such laws and regulations are subject to change from time to time. The failure to comply with these laws and regulations could adversely affect our operating results. Typically, licenses, permits and approvals under such laws and regulations must be renewed annually and may be revoked, suspended or denied renewal for cause at any time if governmental authorities determine that our conduct violates applicable regulations. Difficulties or failure to maintain or obtain the required licenses, permits and approvals could adversely affect our existing shops and delay or result in our decision to cancel the opening of new shops, which would adversely affect our business.
The development and operation of a shop depends, to a significant extent, on the selection of suitable sites for drive-thrus, which are subject to unique permitting, zoning, land use, environmental, traffic and other regulations and requirements. We are also subject to licensing and regulation by state and local authorities relating to health, sanitation, safety and fire standards.
We are subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act and various other federal, state and local laws that regulate the wages and hours of employees. These laws commonly apply a strict liability standard so that even inadvertent noncompliance can lead to claims, government enforcement actions and litigation. These laws vary from state to state and are subject to frequent amendments and judicial interpretations that can require rapid adjustments to operations. Insurance coverage for violations of these laws is costly and sometimes is not available. Changes to these laws can adversely affect our business by increasing
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labor and compliance costs. The failure to comply with these laws could adversely affect our business as a result of costly litigation or government enforcement actions.
We are also subject to a variety of other employee relations laws including Family and Medical Leave Act of 1933 and state leave laws, employment discrimination laws, predictive scheduling laws, occupational health and safety laws and regulations and the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, to name a few. Together, these many laws and regulations present a thicket of compliance obligations and liability risks. As we grow, we will need to continue to increase our compliance efforts in these areas, which may affect our results from operations. Changes to these laws and regulations may increase these costs beyond our expectations or predictions, which would adversely affect our business operations and financial results. Violations of these laws could lead to costly litigation or governmental investigation or proceedings.
We are subject to compliance obligations of the Food Safety Modernization Acts (FSMA). Under FSMA, we are required to develop and implement a Food Safety Plan for our roasting operations. While we are not currently required to implement a FSMA Food Safety Plan or a Hazard Analysis and Critical Points system (HACCP) in our shops, many states have required restaurants to develop and implement HACCP, and the United States government continues to expand the sectors of the food industry that must adopt and implement HACCP. Additionally, our suppliers may initiate or otherwise be subject to food recalls that may impact the availability of certain products, result in adverse publicity or require us to take actions that could be costly for us or otherwise impact our business.
We are subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act (the ADA), which, among other things, requires our shops to meet federally mandated requirements for the disabled. The ADA prohibits discrimination in employment and public accommodations on the basis of disability. Under the ADA, we could be required to expend funds to modify our shops to provide service to, or make reasonable accommodations for the employment of, disabled persons. In addition, our employment practices are subject to the requirements of the Immigration and Naturalization Service relating to citizenship and residency.
In addition, our franchise activities are subject to laws enacted by a number of states and rules and regulations promulgated by the Franchise Trade Commission (the FTC). Failure to comply with new or existing franchise laws, rules and regulations in any jurisdiction or to obtain required government approvals could negatively affect our licensing sales and our relationships with our licensees.
The impact of current laws and regulations, the effect of future changes in laws or regulations that impose additional requirements and the consequences of litigation relating to current or future laws and regulations, or our inability to respond effectively to significant regulatory or public policy issues, could increase our compliance and other costs of doing business and, therefore, have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Failure to comply with the laws and regulatory requirements of federal, state and local authorities could result in, among other things, revocation of required licenses, administrative enforcement actions, fines and civil and criminal liability. In addition, certain laws, including the ADA, could require us to expend significant funds to make modifications to our shops if we failed to comply with applicable standards. Compliance with all these laws and regulations can be costly and can increase our exposure to litigation or governmental investigations or proceedings.
We (and our vendors) are subject to stringent and changing laws, regulations, industry standards, related to data Processing, protection, privacy and security. The actual or perceived failure by us, our customers or vendors to comply with such laws, regulations, industry standards, may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We Process personal information, confidential information and other information necessary to provide our products and service and ensure that they are delivered effectively, to operate our business, for legal and marketing purposes and for other business-related purposes.
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Data privacy and regulation of privacy, information security and Processing has become a significant issue in the United States. The legal and regulatory framework for privacy and security issues is rapidly evolving and is expected to increase our compliance costs and exposure to liability. There are numerous federal, state, local laws, orders, codes, regulations and regulatory guidance regarding privacy, information security and Processing (Data Protection Laws), the number and scope of which is changing, subject to differing applications and interpretations, and which may be inconsistent among jurisdictions, or in conflict with other rules, laws or Data Protection Obligations (defined below). We expect that there will continue to be new Data Protection Laws and Data Protection Obligations, and we cannot yet determine the impact such future Data Protection Laws may have on our business. Any significant change to Data Protection Laws and Data Protection Obligations, including without limitation, regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of customers for Processing is obtained, could increase our costs and require us to modify our operations, possibly in a material manner, which we may be unable to complete and may limit our ability to store and process customer data and operate our business.
Data Protection Laws are, and are likely to remain, uncertain for the foreseeable future, and our actual or perceived failure to address or comply with these laws could: increase our compliance and operational costs; limit our ability to market our products or services and attract new and retain current customers; limit or eliminate our ability to Process; expose us to regulatory scrutiny, actions, investigations, fines and penalties; result in reputational harm; lead to a loss of customers; reduce the use of our products or services; result in litigation and liability, including class action litigation; cause to incur significant costs, expenses and fees (including attorney fees); cause a material adverse impact to business operations or financial results, and; otherwise result in other material harm to our business (Adverse Data Protection Impact).
We are or may also be subject to the terms of our external and internal privacy and security policies, codes, representations, certifications, industry standards, publications and frameworks (Privacy Policies) and contractual obligations to third parties related to privacy, information security and Processing, including contractual obligations to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with Data Protection Laws or other obligations (Data Protection Obligations).
We strive to comply with applicable Data Protection Laws, Privacy Policies and Data Protection Obligations to the extent possible, but we may at times fail to do so, or may be perceived to have failed to do so. Moreover, despite our efforts, we may not be successful in achieving compliance if our employees, partners or vendors do not comply with applicable Data Protection Laws, Privacy Policies and Data Protection Obligations. We may be subject to, and suffer an Adverse Data Protection Impact if we fail (or are perceived to have failed) to comply with applicable Data Protection Laws, Privacy Policies and Data Protection Obligations, if our Privacy Policies are, in whole or part, found to be inaccurate, incomplete, deceptive, unfair or misrepresentative of our actual practices. In addition, any such failure or perceived failure could result in public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups, the media or others, which may cause us material reputational harm. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with Data Protection Laws, Privacy Policies and Data Protection Obligations could also subject us to litigation, claims, proceedings, actions or investigations by governmental entities, authorities or regulators, which could result in an Adverse Data Protection Impact, including required changes to our business practices, the diversion of resources and the attention of management from our business, regulatory oversights and audits, discontinuance of necessary Processing or other remedies that adversely affect our business.
In the United States, these include rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the CCPA) and other state and federal laws relating to privacy and data security. The CCPA, which among other things, establishes a privacy framework for covered businesses, including an expansive definition of personal data and data privacy rights. The CCPA provides individual privacy rights for California residents and places increased privacy and security obligations on covered businesses processing personal data. The CCPA requires covered businesses to provide new disclosures to California residents and provide such individuals with ways to opt-out of certain sales of personal data.
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The CCPA also provides a private right of action and statutory damages for violations, including for data breaches. To the extent applicable to our business and operations, the CCPA may impact our business activities by increasing our compliance costs and potential liability with respect to personal information that we or third parties with whom we contract to provide services maintain about California residents. It is anticipated that the CCPA will be expanded on January 1, 2023, when the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (the CPRA) becomes operative. The CPRA will, among other things, give California residents the ability to limit use of certain sensitive personal data, further restrict the use of cross-contextual advertising, establish restrictions on the retention of personal data, expand the types of data breaches subject to the CCPA’s private right of action, provide for increased penalties for CPRA violations concerning California residents under the age of 16, and establish a new California Privacy Protection Agency to implement and enforce the law. These Data Protection Laws (such as the CCPA and CPRA) exemplify the vulnerability of our business to the evolving regulatory environment related to personal data.
Moreover, across the United States, laws and regulations governing data privacy and security continue to develop and evolve. For example, Virginia enacted the Consumer Data Protection Act (CDPA) that may impose obligations similar to or more stringent than those we may face under other Data Protection Laws. Compliance with the CPRA, the CCPA, the CDPA and any newly enacted privacy and data security laws or regulations may be challenging and cost- and time-intensive, and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and potential liability in an effort to comply with such legislation. The Data Protection Laws, Privacy Policies and Data Protection Obligations to which we are subject may significantly affect our business activities and many of these obligations may contain ambiguous provisions creating uncertainty. Compliance with the requirements imposed by such Data Protection Laws and Data Protection Obligations may require us to revise our business practices, allocate more resources to privacy and security, and implement new technologies. Such efforts may result in significant costs to our business. Noncompliance could result in Adverse Data Protection Impact, including proceedings against us by governmental and regulatory entities, collaborators, individuals or others.
We rely on a variety of marketing techniques and practices, including email and social media marketing, online targeted advertising, and cookie-based Processing, to sell our products and services and to attract new customers, and we, and our vendors, are subject to various current and future Data Protection Laws and Data Protection Obligations that govern marketing and advertising practices. Governmental authorities continue to evaluate the privacy implications inherent in the use of third-party “cookies” and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising and other purposes, such as by regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally, some providers of consumer devices, web browsers and application shops have implemented, or announced plans to implement, means to make it easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies or to block other tracking technologies, require additional consents or limit the ability to track user activity, which could if widely adopted result in the use of third-party cookies and other methods of online tracking becoming significantly less effective. Laws and regulations regarding the use of these cookies and other current online tracking and advertising practices or a loss in our ability to make effective use of services that employ such technologies could increase our costs of operations and limit our ability to acquire new customers on cost-effective terms, which, in turn, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We and our franchise partners are subject to extensive government regulations that could result in claims leading to increased costs and restrict our ability to operate franchises.
We and our franchise partners are subject to extensive government regulation at the federal, state and local government levels, including by the FTC. These include, but are not limited to, regulations relating to the preparation and sale of beverages, zoning and building codes, franchising, land use and employee, health, sanitation and safety matters. We and our franchise partners are required to obtain and maintain a wide variety of governmental licenses, permits and approvals. Local authorities may suspend or deny renewal of our governmental licenses if they determine that our operations do not meet the standards for
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initial grant or renewal. Difficulty or failure in obtaining them in the future could result in delaying or canceling the opening of new shops and thus could harm our business. Any such failure could also subject us to liability from our franchise partners.
Additionally, Congress has a legislation proposal in process that could shift more liability for franchise partner employment practices onto franchisors. The federal PROAct would codify the Browning-Ferris decision that redefined joint employment to include a broader category of conduct by the franchisor, thereby increasing the possibility of Dutch Bros being held liable for our franchise partners’ employment practices.
Beverage and restaurant companies have been the target of class action lawsuits and other proceedings that are costly, divert management attention and, if successful, could result in our payment of substantial damages or settlement costs.
Our business is subject to the risk of litigation by employees, customers, competitors, landlords or neighboring businesses, suppliers, franchise partners, stockholders or others through private actions, class actions, administrative proceedings, regulatory actions or other litigation. The outcome of litigation, particularly class action and regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify. In recent years, beverage and restaurant companies have been subject to lawsuits, including class action lawsuits, alleging violations of federal and state laws regarding workplace and employment matters, discrimination and similar matters. A number of these lawsuits have resulted in the payment of substantial damages by the defendants. Similar lawsuits have been instituted from time to time alleging violations of various federal and state wage and hour laws regarding, among other things, employee meal deductions, overtime eligibility of assistant managers and failure to pay for all hours worked. While we have not been a party to any of these types of lawsuits in the past, there can be no assurance that we will not be named in any such lawsuit in the future or that we would not be required to pay substantial expenses and/or damages.
Occasionally, our customers file complaints or lawsuits against us alleging that we are responsible for some illness or injury they suffered at or after a visit to one of our shops, including actions seeking damages resulting from food-borne illness or accidents in our shops. We also could be subject to a variety of other claims from third parties arising in the ordinary course of our business, including contract claims. The beverage and restaurant industry has also been subject to a growing number of claims that their menus and actions have led to the obesity of certain of their customers.
Occasionally, we and our franchise partners are involved in disputes with neighbors, government officials and landlords over the lines of cars attempting to visit our shops. These disputes have led to the loss or changing of locations, changes to hours and operations and costly litigation. If we are unable to reach agreement in future disputes or to alleviate pressure on certain shops by building additional shops or making operational changes, we may be required to close locations or alter operations at some locations. Lost sales and royalty payments caused by such closures or alterations, plus increased expenses from litigation, would harm our business.
Regardless of whether any claims against us are valid or whether we are liable, claims may be expensive to defend and may divert time and money away from our operations. In addition, they may generate negative publicity, which could reduce customer traffic and sales. Although we maintain what we believe to be adequate levels of insurance, insurance may not be available at all or in sufficient amounts to cover any liabilities with respect to these or other matters. A judgment or other liability in excess of our insurance coverage for any claims or any adverse publicity resulting from claims could harm our business.
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Legislation and regulations requiring the display and provision of nutritional information for our menu offerings, and new information or attitudes regarding diet and health or adverse opinions about the health effects of consuming our menu offerings, could affect consumer preferences and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Government regulation and consumer eating habits may impact our business as a result of changes in attitudes regarding diet and health or new information regarding the health effects of consuming our menu offerings. These changes have resulted in, and may continue to result in, the enactment of laws and regulations that impact the ingredients and nutritional content of our menu offerings, or laws and regulations requiring us to disclose the nutritional content of our food offerings.
For example, a number of states, counties and cities have enacted menu labeling laws requiring multi-unit restaurant operators to disclose certain nutritional information to customers, or have enacted legislation restricting the use of certain types of ingredients in food sold at restaurants. Furthermore, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (the PPACA) establishes a uniform, federal requirement for certain restaurants to post certain nutritional information on their menus. Specifically, the PPACA amended the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to require certain chain restaurants to publish the total number of calories of standard menu items on menus and menu boards, along with a statement that puts this calorie information in the context of a total daily calorie intake. The PPACA also requires covered restaurants to provide to consumers, upon request, a written summary of detailed nutritional information for each standard menu item, and to provide a statement on menus and menu boards about the availability of this information. The PPACA further permits the FDA to require covered restaurants to make additional nutrient disclosures, such as disclosure of trans-fat content. An unfavorable report on, or reaction to, our menu ingredients, the size of our portions or the nutritional content of our menu items could negatively influence the demand for our offerings.
We cannot make any assurances regarding our ability to effectively respond to changes in consumer health perceptions or our ability to successfully implement the nutrient content disclosure requirements and to adapt our menu offerings to trends in drinking and consumption habits. The imposition of menu-labeling laws could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position, as well as the beverage industry in general.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
Dutch Bros Inc. is a holding company, and its only material asset is its interest in Dutch Bros OpCo. Accordingly, Dutch Bros Inc. is dependent upon distributions from Dutch Bros OpCo to pay its taxes and expenses (including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements) and to pay dividends.
Dutch Bros Inc. is a holding company, and has no material assets other than its ownership of OpCo Units. Dutch Bros Inc. has no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow, and its ability to pay taxes, operating expenses and dividends in the future, if any, will be dependent upon the financial results and cash flows of Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries and distributions received from Dutch Bros OpCo. There can be no assurance that Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries will generate sufficient cash flow to make such distributions, or that applicable state law and contractual restrictions, including negative covenants in our debt instruments, will permit such distributions.
We anticipate that Dutch Bros OpCo will continue to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, taxable income will be allocated to holders of Class A common units. Accordingly, Dutch Bros Inc. will incur income taxes on its allocable share of any net taxable income of Dutch Bros OpCo and will also incur expenses related to its operations, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements entered into in connection with the IPO, which we expect could be significant. Furthermore, Dutch Bros Inc.’s allocable share of Dutch Bros OpCo’s net taxable income will increase over time as the Continuing Members redeem or exchange their Class A common units for shares of Class A common stock or cash.
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We intend, through Dutch Bros Inc.’s role as managing member, to cause Dutch Bros OpCo to make cash distributions to the holders of Class A common units, including Dutch Bros Inc., in an amount sufficient to (i) fund each holder’s tax obligations in respect of allocations of taxable income from Dutch Bros OpCo and (ii) cover Dutch Bros Inc.’s operating expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements. However, Dutch Bros OpCo’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions, such as restrictions on distributions that would either violate any contract or agreement to which Dutch Bros OpCo is then a party, including debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering Dutch Bros OpCo insolvent. In addition, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, liability for adjustments to a partnership’s tax return can be imposed on the partnership itself in certain circumstances, absent an election to the contrary. Dutch Bros OpCo could be subject to material liabilities pursuant to adjustments to its partnership tax returns if, for example, its calculations or allocations of taxable income or loss are incorrect, which also could limit its ability to make distributions to us.
If Dutch Bros Inc. does not have sufficient funds to pay taxes or other liabilities or to fund its operations, we may have to borrow funds, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and subject us to various restrictions imposed by any such lenders. To the extent that Dutch Bros Inc. is unable to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements for any reason, such payments generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the Tax Receivable Agreements and therefore accelerate payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreements. In addition, if Dutch Bros OpCo does not have sufficient funds to make distributions, Dutch Bros Inc.’s ability to declare and pay cash dividends will also be restricted or impaired.
Dutch Bros OpCo may make distributions of cash to Dutch Bros Inc. in excess of the amounts used by Dutch Bros Inc. to make distributions to its stockholders and pay its expenses (including taxes and payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements). To the extent Dutch Bros Inc. does not distribute such excess cash as dividends on Class A and Class D common stock, the Continuing Members would benefit from any value attributable to such cash as a result of their ownership of Class A common stock upon a redemption or exchange of their Class A common units.
Distributions from Dutch Bros OpCo may in certain periods exceed Dutch Bros Inc.’s liabilities, including tax liabilities, obligations to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements, and other expenses. Dutch Bros Inc.’s board of directors, in its sole discretion, will make any determination from time to time with respect to the use of any such excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, to pay dividends on its Class A common stock and Class D common stock. Dutch Bros Inc. will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash other than any declared dividend) to its stockholders.
No adjustments to the exchange ratio of Class A common units for shares of Class A common stock will be made as a result of either (i) any cash distribution by Dutch Bros Inc. or (ii) any cash that Dutch Bros Inc. retains and does not distribute to its stockholders. To the extent Dutch Bros Inc. does not distribute such cash as dividends on Class A and Class D common stock and instead, for example, holds such cash balances, buys additional Class A common units or lends such cash to Dutch Bros OpCo, this may result in shares of Class A common stock increasing in value relative to the Class A common units. The holders of Class A common units may benefit from any value attributable to such cash balances if they receive shares of Class A common stock on redemption or exchange of their Class A common units or if Dutch Bros Inc. acquires additional Class A common units (whether from Dutch Bros OpCo or from holders of Class A common units) at a price based on the market price of our Class A common stock at the time.
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The Tax Receivable Agreements with the Continuing Members and Pre-IPO Blocker Holders require Dutch Bros Inc. to make cash payments to them in respect of certain tax benefits to which it may become entitled, and such payments may be substantial.
In connection with the IPO, Dutch Bros Inc. entered into two Tax Receivable Agreements. It entered into (i) the Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement with the Continuing Members and (ii) the Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement with the Pre-IPO Blocker Holders. These Tax Receivable Agreements provide for the payment by Dutch Bros Inc. to such Continuing Members and Pre-IPO Blocker Holders of 85% of the benefits, if any, that Dutch Bros Inc. is deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions) as a result of certain tax attributes and benefits covered by the Tax Receivable Agreements. The Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement provides for the payment by Dutch Bros Inc. to the Continuing Members of 85% of the benefits, if any, that Dutch Bros Inc. is deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions) as a result of (i) Dutch Bros Inc.’s allocable share of existing tax basis attributable to certain assets of Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries (including assets that will eventually be subject to depreciation or amortization once placed in service) at the time of any redemption or exchange of Class A common units (including certain transactions in connection with the IPO) which tax basis is allocated to such redeemed or exchanged Class A common units acquired by Dutch Bros Inc., (ii) adjustments that will increase the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of the Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries as a result of Dutch Bros Inc.’s taxable acquisition of Class A common units from the Continuing Members in connection with the IPO and in connection with future redemptions or exchanges of Class A common units for shares of Class A common stock (or a corresponding amount of cash), (iii) disproportionate allocations (if any) of tax benefits to Dutch Bros Inc. under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), as a result of Dutch Bros Inc.’s acquisition of Class A common units from Dutch Bros OpCo and PI Unit holders in connection with the IPO and (iv) certain other tax benefits, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement. The Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement provides for the payment by Dutch Bros Inc. to Pre-IPO Blocker Holders of 85% of the benefits, if any, that Dutch Bros Inc. is deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions) as a result of (i) existing tax basis and certain adjustments to the tax basis of certain assets of Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries, in each case, that are attributable to Class A common units acquired by Dutch Bros Inc. in connection with the IPO, (ii) certain tax attributes of the Blocker Companies (including net operating losses, capital losses, research and development credits, work opportunity tax credits, excess Section 163(j) limitation carryforwards, charitable deductions, foreign Tax credits and any Tax attributes subject to carryforward under Section 381 of the Code), and (iii) certain other tax benefits, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement.
In each case, these increases in Dutch Bros Inc.’s allocable share of existing tax basis, the tax basis adjustments generated over time, and the application of Section 704(c) of the Code, may increase (for tax purposes) depreciation and amortization deductions allocated to Dutch Bros Inc. and, therefore, may reduce the amount of tax that Dutch Bros Inc. would otherwise be required to pay in the future. Actual tax benefits realized by Dutch Bros Inc. may differ from tax benefits calculated under the Tax Receivable Agreements as a result of the use of certain assumptions in the Tax Receivable Agreements, including the use of an assumed weighted-average state and local income tax rate to calculate tax benefits. The payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreements are an obligation of Dutch Bros Inc., but not of Dutch Bros OpCo. While the amount of existing tax basis, the anticipated tax basis adjustments, the application of Section 704(c) of the Code, and the actual amount and utilization of tax attributes, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of redemptions and exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of redemptions and exchanges, the extent to which such redemptions and exchanges are taxable, and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that as a result of the size of the transfers and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Dutch Bros OpCo and our possible utilization of tax attributes, including existing tax basis attributable to Class A common units acquired in connection with the IPO, the payments that Dutch Bros Inc. may make under the Tax Receivable Agreements may be substantial. The payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements
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are not conditioned upon continued ownership of Dutch Bros Inc. by the exchanging holders of Class A common units or the Pre-IPO Blocker Holders.
Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine, and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or another tax authority may challenge all or part of the tax basis increases, as well as other related tax positions we take, and a court could sustain such challenge. The Continuing Members and Pre-IPO Blocker Holders will not reimburse Dutch Bros Inc. for any payments previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreements if such basis increases or other tax benefits are subsequently disallowed, except that any excess payments made by Dutch Bros Inc. to the Continuing Members and Pre-IPO Blocker Holders will be netted against future payments that it might otherwise be required to make to them under the applicable Tax Receivable Agreements. However, a challenge to any tax benefits initially claimed may not arise for a number of years following the initial time of such payment or, even if challenged early, such excess cash payment may be greater than the amount of future cash payments that Dutch Bros Inc. might otherwise be required to make under the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreements and, as a result, there might not be sufficient future cash payments against which the prior payments can be fully netted. The applicable U.S. federal income tax rules are complex and factual in nature, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not disagree with our tax reporting positions. As a result, in certain circumstances Dutch Bros Inc. may make payments to the Continuing Members and Pre-IPO Blocker Holders under the Tax Receivable Agreements in excess of its actual cash tax savings. Therefore, payments could be made under the Tax Receivable Agreements in excess of the tax savings that we realize in respect of the tax attributes with respect to the Continuing Members and Pre-IPO Blocker Holders that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreements.
In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits Dutch Bros Inc. realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreements.
Dutch Bros Inc.’s payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreements may be accelerated in the event of certain changes of control or certain material breaches of material obligations and will be accelerated in the event it elects to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreements early. The accelerated payments will relate to all relevant tax attributes that may subsequently be available to Dutch Bros Inc. The accelerated payments required in such circumstances will be calculated by reference to the present value (at a discount rate equal to the lesser of (i) 6.5% per annum and (ii) one year LIBOR, or its successor rate, plus 100 “basis points”) of all future payments that the Continuing Members and Pre-IPO Blocker Holders would have been entitled to receive under the Tax Receivable Agreements, and such accelerated payments and any other future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements will utilize certain valuation assumptions, including that Dutch Bros Inc. will have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax deductions and tax basis and other benefits related to entering into the Tax Receivable Agreements and sufficient taxable income to fully utilize any remaining net operating losses subject to the Tax Receivable Agreements on a straight line basis over the shorter of the statutory expiration period for such net operating losses and the five-year period after the early termination or change of control.
Accordingly, it is possible that the actual cash tax benefits realized by Dutch Bros Inc. may be significantly less than the corresponding Tax Receivable Agreement payments or that payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements may be made years in advance of the actual realization, if any, of the anticipated future tax benefits. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if the payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements exceed the actual cash tax benefits that Dutch Bros Inc. realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreements and/or payments to us from Dutch Bros OpCo are not sufficient to permit Dutch Bros Inc. to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements after it has paid taxes and other expenses. We may need to incur additional indebtedness to finance payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements to the extent our cash resources are insufficient to meet our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreements as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, and these obligations could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control.
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The acceleration of payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements in the case of certain changes of control may impair our ability to consummate change of control transactions or negatively impact the value received by owners of our Class A common stock.
The Tax Receivable Agreements provide that upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combination or certain other changes of control, Dutch Bros Inc.’s (or its successor’s) obligations with respect to the Tax Receivable Agreements would be based on certain assumptions, including that we (or our successor) would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the benefits arising from the increased tax deductions and tax basis and other benefits covered by the Tax Receivable Agreements. Consequently, it is possible, in these circumstances, that the actual cash tax savings realized by us may be significantly less than the corresponding tax benefit payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements. Dutch Bros Inc.’s accelerated payment obligations and/or assumptions adopted under the Tax Receivable Agreements in the case of a change of control may impair our ability to consummate a change of control transactions or negatively impact the value received by owners of our Class A common stock in a change of control transaction.
If we were deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), as a result of our ownership of Dutch Bros OpCo, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Under Sections 3(a)(1)(A) and (C) of the 1940 Act, a company generally will be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the 1940 Act if (i) it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities or (ii) it engages, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We do not believe that we are an “investment company,” as such term is defined in either of those sections of the 1940 Act.
As the sole managing member of Dutch Bros OpCo, we control and operate Dutch Bros OpCo. On that basis, we believe that our interest in Dutch Bros OpCo is not an “investment security” as that term is used in the 1940 Act. However, if we were to cease participation in the management of Dutch Bros OpCo or if Dutch Bros OpCo itself becomes an investment company, our interest in Dutch Bros OpCo, as applicable, could be deemed an “investment security” for purposes of the 1940 Act.
We and Dutch Bros OpCo intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. If it were established that we were an unregistered investment company, there would be a risk that we would be subject to monetary penalties and injunctive relief in an action brought by the SEC, that we would be unable to enforce contracts with third parties, and that third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company. If we were required to register as an investment company, restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, including limitations on our capital structure and our ability to transact with affiliates, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
Additional stock issuances (including pursuant to the redemption of Class A common units from our Continuing Members) could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and cause the trading price of our Class A common stock to decline.
We may issue our capital stock or securities convertible into our capital stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, investments or otherwise (including pursuant to the redemption of Class A common units from our Continuing Members). Additional issuances of our stock will result in dilution to existing holders of our stock. Any such issuances could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the trading price of our Class A common stock to decline.
In particular, following the issuance of shares of Class A common stock in connection with the redemption of Class A common units from our Continuing Members and the related cancellation of shares of our Class B common stock or Class C common stock, such shares of Class A common stock will have the same economic rights as other shares of Class A common stock.
An active trading market for our Class A common stock may never develop or be sustained, and the trading price of our Class A common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
We only recently completed our IPO, so there is a limited history regarding the public market and trading of our Class A common stock. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of an active trading market on that exchange or otherwise or how liquid that market might become. An active public market for our Class A common stock may not develop or be sustained. If an active public market does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of Class A common stock at a price at or above the price per share of the IPO or at a price that is attractive to you or at all. Further, an inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of our Class A common stock and may impair our ability to enter into strategic collaborations or acquire companies or products by using our shares of Class A common stock as consideration. Likewise, the price of our Class A common stock is likely to be volatile and could be subject to fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our Class A common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our Class A common stock include the risk factors set forth in this section as well as the following:

price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;
volatility in the trading prices and trading volumes of competitors’ stocks;
changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;
sales of shares of our Class A common stock by us or our stockholders, including the Continuing Members;
failure of securities analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;
changes in our financial, operating or other metrics, regardless of whether we consider those metrics as reflective of the current state or long-term prospects of our business, and how those results compare to securities analyst expectations, including whether those results fail to meet, exceed or significantly exceed securities analyst expectations, particularly in light of the significant portion of our revenue derived from a limited number of customers;
announcements by us or our competitors of new products or services;
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the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC;
rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;
actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations or fluctuations in our results of operations;
actual or anticipated developments in our business, our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;
litigation involving us, our industry or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;
actual or perceived privacy or data security incidents;
developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;
announced or completed acquisitions of businesses, franchises or other assets by us or our competitors;
new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles;
any significant change in our management; and
general political and economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets.
In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
The multi-class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with Continuing Members, limiting your ability to influence corporate matters.
Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally. Our shares of Class B common stock have no economic rights but each share will entitle its holder to ten votes (or such lower number as required to prevent the holders of Class B common stock from holding, in the aggregate, 80% or more of the aggregate voting power of Dutch Bros Inc. at any time) for so long as the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represents at least 5% of the total outstanding shares of common stock, and thereafter, one vote per share on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally. All of our Class B common stock are held by certain Continuing Members affiliated with our Co-Founder. Our shares of Class C common stock and Class D common stock entitle its holder to three votes for each share (for so long as the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class C common stock and Class D common stock represents at least 5% of the total outstanding shares of common stock, and thereafter, one vote per share) on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally. Our shares of Class C common stock have no economic rights but Class D common stock have the same economic rights as shares of Class A common stock. All of our Class C common stock are held by certain Continuing Members affiliated with our Sponsor and all our Class D common stock are held by the Pre-IPO Blocker Holders.
The difference in voting rights could adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock by, for example, delaying or deferring a change of control or if investors view, or any potential future purchaser of our company views, the superior voting rights of the Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock to have value. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our Class B
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common stock and our Class A common stock, and the three-to-one voting ratio between our Class C common stock and Class D common stock, on the one hand, and our Class A common stock on the other hand, the holders of our Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock collectively will continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders so long as they collectively represent at least a majority of the total voting power. This concentrated control will limit or preclude the ability of holders of Class A common stock to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future.
As a newly public company utilizing a multi-class capital structure, FTSE Russell and Standard & Poor’s will not include our stock in their indices. Affected indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Also in 2017, MSCI, a leading stock index provider, opened public consultations on their treatment of no-vote and multi-class structures and temporarily barred new multi-class listings from certain of its indices; however, in October 2018, MSCI announced its decision to include equity securities “with unequal voting structures” in its indices and to launch a new index that specifically includes voting rights in its eligibility criteria. Under the announced policies, our multi-class capital structure make us ineligible for inclusion in certain indices, and as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track these indices will not be investing in our Class A common stock. In addition, we cannot assure you that other stock indices will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indices, exclusion from certain stock indices would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and would make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the trading price and volume of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.
Our Co-Founder and Sponsor have significant influence over us, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to stockholders for a vote.
Certain affiliates of our Co-Founder beneficially own approximately 74.0% of the combined voting power of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock, and our Sponsor, directly and through affiliated investment funds, beneficially owns approximately 22.1% of the combined voting power of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock. Each share of Class A common stock entitling the holder to one vote, each share of Class B common stock entitling the holder to ten votes (for so long as the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represents at least 5% of the total outstanding common stock, and thereafter, one vote per share, provided that the number of votes per share may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as required to prevent the holders of Class B common stock from holding, in the aggregate, 80% or more of our aggregate voting power of Dutch Bros Inc. at any time) and each share of Class C common stock and Class D common stock entitling the holder to three votes (for so long as the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class C common stock and Class D common stock represents at least 5% of the total outstanding common stock, and thereafter, one vote per share) on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally. Thus our Co-Founder and our Sponsor exercise control over all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, irrespective of how our other stockholders may vote, including the election and removal of directors and the size of our board of directors, any amendment of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or the approval of any merger or other significant corporate transaction, including a sale of substantially all our assets.
In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the holders of Class C common stock, which our Sponsor and its affiliates hold all of, are entitled to elect up to two members of our board of directors, voting as a separate class. The Stockholders Agreement similarly provides that we will agree to nominate to our board of directors individuals designated by our Sponsor, which will retain the right to designate up to two members of the board of directors for so long as the holders of shares of Class C common stock are entitled to elect one or more members to the board of directors pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Our Sponsor may therefore have influence over management and substantial control over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the annual
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election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets, for the foreseeable future. It is possible that our Co-Founder’s and our Sponsor’s interests may not align with the interests of our other stockholders.
Our Co-Founder and Sponsor own approximately 69.5% of the Class A common units. Because they hold their ownership interest in our business directly in Dutch Bros OpCo, rather than through Dutch Bros Inc., the Continuing Members may have conflicting interests with holders of shares of our Class A common stock. For example, if Dutch Bros OpCo makes distributions to us, the non-managing members of Dutch Bros OpCo will also be entitled to receive such distributions pro rata in accordance with their ownership of Class A common units and their preferences as to the timing and amount of any such distributions may differ from those of our public stockholders. The Continuing Members may also have different tax positions from Dutch Bros Inc. that could influence their decisions regarding whether and when to dispose of assets, especially in light of the existence of the Tax Receivable Agreements entered into in connection with the IPO, whether and when to incur new or refinance existing indebtedness and whether and when Dutch Bros Inc. should terminate the Tax Receivable Agreements and accelerate its obligations thereunder. In addition, the structuring of future transactions may take into consideration our pre-IPO owners’ tax or other considerations even where no similar benefit would accrue to us.
We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules and, as a result, qualify for, and rely on, exemptions and relief from certain corporate governance requirements. You do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
Certain affiliates of our Co-Founder beneficially own approximately 74.0% of the combined voting power of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance standards. Under these corporate governance standards, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power in the election of directors is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements. For example, controlled companies are not required to have:
a board that is composed of a majority of “independent directors,” as defined under the New York Stock Exchange rules;
a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors; and
director nominations be made, or recommended to the full board of directors, by its independent directors, or by a nominations/governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors.
We intend to continue to utilize these exemptions until we are no longer eligible for them. Accordingly, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all the corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.
Certain of our directors have relationships with our Sponsor, which may cause conflicts of interest with respect to our business.
Two of our directors are affiliated with our Sponsor. Our Sponsor-affiliated directors have fiduciary duties to us and, in addition, have duties to our Sponsor. As a result, these directors may face real or apparent conflicts of interest with respect to matters affecting both us and our Sponsor, whose interests may be adverse to ours in some circumstances.
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Additionally, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, business opportunities that are from time to time available to Sponsor and of its officers, directors, agents, stockholders, members, partners, affiliates and subsidiaries and each such party shall not have any obligation to offer us those opportunities unless presented to one of our directors or officers in his or her capacity as a director or officer.
Future sales of shares of our Class A or Class D common stock cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A or Class D common stock (after converting to Class A common stock) in the public market, or the perception that these redemptions, exchanges or sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Many of our existing equity holders have substantial unrecognized gains on the value of the equity they hold based upon the price per share of the IPO, and therefore they may take steps to sell their shares or otherwise secure the unrecognized gains on those shares.
Subject to the terms of the Third Dutch Bros OpCo Agreement, an aggregate of 113,705,346 Class A common units may be redeemed in exchange for shares of our Class A common stock and an aggregate of 15,441,243 shares of Class D common stock may be converted into shares of our Class A common stock. Any shares we issue upon redemption or exchange of Class A common units or upon the conversion of shares of Class D common stock, as applicable, will be “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144 and may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including the exemptions contained in Rule 144. We, our executive officers, our directors, the holders of all our Class D common stock, and the holders of substantially all our outstanding OpCo Units have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any shares of our Class A common stock (including shares issued upon redemption or exchange of Class A common units or upon conversion of shares of Class D common stock, as applicable) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our Class A common stock, including our Class B, Class C and Class D common stock, for the lock-up period following the date of our IPO, except with certain underwriters’ prior written consent.
Upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements described above, all such shares will be eligible for resale in the public market, subject, in the case of shares held by our affiliates, to volume, manner of sale, and other limitations under Rule 144.
Our trading price and trading volume could decline if securities or industry analysts do not publish research about our business, or if they publish unfavorable research.
The trading market for our Class A common stock relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us or our business. A lack of adequate research coverage may harm the liquidity and trading price of our Class A common stock. We do not have any control over the content and opinions included in their reports. The trading price of our Class A common stock could decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade our stock or publish other unfavorable commentary or research. If one or more equity research analysts cease coverage of our company, or fail to regularly publish reports on us, the demand for our Class A common stock could decrease, which in turn could cause our trading price or trading volume to decline.
As a newly public company, we incur increased costs and demands upon management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies in the United States, which may harm our business.
As a public company listed in the United States, we have incurred and will incur significant additional legal, accounting, and other expenses. In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including regulations implemented by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange, may increase legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more
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time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards, and this investment may result in increased selling, general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If, notwithstanding our efforts, we fail to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.
These rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or our board committees or as executive officers. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives and, as a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business and operating results. As we hire more employees to aid us in compliance with these requirements, our costs and expenses may increase.
Our management team and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to new compliance initiatives and we may not successfully or efficiently manage our transition to a public company. To comply with the requirements of being a public company, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we are implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring accounting or internal audit staff, which will require us to incur additional expenses and harm our results of operations.
Failure to comply with these rules might also make it more difficult for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we might be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these events would also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, on committees of our board of directors or as members of senior management.
We are an “emerging growth company,” and we intend to comply only with reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies. As a result, our Class A common stock could be less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we are permitted by SEC rules and plan to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of over $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30 and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive because we choose to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock, and our stock price may be more volatile.
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General Risks
Our results may fluctuate significantly and may not meet our expectations or those of investors or securities analysts.
Our results of operations, including the levels of our revenue, deferred revenue, working capital, and cash flows, may vary significantly in the future, such that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful. Our financial results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including, but not limited to:
changes in consumer tastes and nutritional and dietary trends;
successful identification and acquisition of appropriate sites and timely develop and expand our number of profitable shops;
protection of our brand and reputation;
dependence on a small number of suppliers, including for roasting;
expectations regarding our future operating and financial performance;
the size of our addressable markets, market share, and market trends;
effective management and continued growth of our workforce and operations;
our ability to attract, retain, and motivate skilled personnel, including key members of our senior management;
generation of projected same shop sales growth;
the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents, and investments to meet our liquidity needs;
dependence on long-term non-cancelable leases;
our employees and the status of our workers;
our inability to maintain good relationships with our franchising partners;
the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations;
our vulnerability to global financial market conditions, including the continuing effects from the recent recession;
adverse weather conditions in local or regional areas where our shops are located; and
our realization of any benefit from the Tax Receivable Agreements and our organizational structure.
Any one or more of the factors above may result in significant fluctuations in our results of operations, which may negatively impact the trading price of our Class A common stock. You should not rely on our past results as an indicator of our future performance.
Our outstanding indebtedness could materially adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to operate our business, pursue our growth strategy, and react to changes in the economy or industry.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $65.0 million in revolving loans outstanding under our prior Senior Secured Credit Facility. In addition, subject to certain restrictions under the 2022 Credit Facility (as defined in the section “Senior Secured Credit Facilities” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”), we may incur additional debt.
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Our debt could have important consequences to you, including the following:
it may be difficult for us to satisfy our obligations, including debt service requirements under our outstanding debt, resulting in possible defaults on and acceleration of such indebtedness;
our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other general corporate purposes may be impaired;
a substantial portion of cash flow from operations may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our debt, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures, future business opportunities, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
we are more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse industry conditions and our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business or industry is more limited;
our ability to capitalize on business opportunities and to react to competitive pressures, as compared to our competitors, may be compromised due to our level of debt; and
our ability to borrow additional funds or to refinance debt may be limited.
Furthermore, all of our debt under our Senior Secured Credit Facility bears interest at variable rates. If these rates were to increase significantly, whether because of an increase in market interest rates or a decrease in our creditworthiness, our ability to borrow additional funds may be reduced and the risks related to our substantial debt would intensify.
Restrictions imposed by our outstanding indebtedness and any future indebtedness may limit our ability to operate our business, execute our growth strategy, and finance our future operations or capital needs or engage in other business activities.
The covenants under our Senior Secured Credit Facility restrict our ability, among other things, to:
incur additional debt;
grant liens on assets;
sell or dispose of assets;
merge with or acquire other companies, or make other investments;
liquidate or dissolve ourselves; engage in businesses that are not in a related line of business; or
pay dividends or make other distribution
In addition, our Senior Secured Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us not to exceed a maximum net lease-adjusted total leverage ratio and maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. Our ability to comply with these financial covenants can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to satisfy them.
A breach of any of the covenants in the Senior Secured Credit Facility could result in an event of default, which could trigger acceleration of our indebtedness and may result in the acceleration of or default under other debt we may incur in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In the event of such event of default under our Senior Secured Credit Facility, the applicable lenders could elect to terminate their commitments and declare all outstanding loans, together with accrued and unpaid interest and any fees and other obligations, to be due and payable, and/or exercise their rights and remedies under the loan documents governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility or any applicable law. Our obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are guaranteed by our subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of our and such subsidiary guarantors’ assets.
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If we were unable to repay or otherwise refinance these loans when due, the applicable lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure such indebtedness, which could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation. In the event the applicable lenders accelerate the repayment of our loans, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay such indebtedness. Any acceleration of amounts due under our Senior Secured Credit Facility or the exercise by the applicable lenders of their rights and remedies would likely have a material adverse effect on our business.
As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
limited in how we conduct our business;
unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or
unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.
These restrictions may affect our ability to grow in accordance with our strategy.
Furthermore, the terms of any future indebtedness we may incur could have further additional restrictive covenants. We may not be able to maintain compliance with these covenants in the future, and in such event, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain waivers from the lenders or amend the covenants.
We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remedy our material weakness, or if we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control, we may be unable to produce timely and accurate financial statements, and we may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, which could adversely impact our investors’ confidence and our Class A common stock price.
Prior to the IPO, we were a private company and had limited accounting and financial reporting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and related procedures. In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, our management and auditors determined that a material weakness existed in the internal control over financial reporting due to limited accounting department personnel capable of appropriately accounting for complex transactions we undertake. Additionally, there were insufficient controls over the review and approval of manual journal entries, including appropriate segregation of duties. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We are in the process of implementing measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate this material weakness. While we continue to take remediation steps, including hiring additional personnel subsequent to December 31, 2020, we continued to have a limited number of personnel with the level of GAAP accounting knowledge, specifically related to complex accounting transactions, commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. As such, we continued to have a material weakness in our control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.
We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and are continuing to implement, will be sufficient to remediate the material weakness we have identified or avoid potential future material weaknesses. If the steps we take do not correct the material weakness in a timely manner, we will be unable to conclude that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, there could continue to be a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
If we fail to remediate our existing material weakness or identify new material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, if we are unable to conclude that our internal control over
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financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting when we are no longer an emerging growth company, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected. As a result of such failures, we could also become subject to investigations by the New York Stock Exchange, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, and become subject to litigation from investors and stockholders, which could harm our reputation and financial condition or divert financial and management resources from our regular business activities.
A failure to establish and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, could adversely affect our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations.
As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of the applicable listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time consuming, and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems, and resources.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we will file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act, is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers. We are also continuing to improve our internal control over financial reporting. For example, as we prepared to become a public company, we worked to improve the controls around our key accounting processes and our quarterly close process, and we have hired additional accounting and finance personnel to help us implement these processes and controls. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and investments to strengthen our accounting systems.
Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. In addition, changes in accounting principles or interpretations could also challenge our internal controls and require that we establish new business processes, systems, and controls to accommodate such changes. We have limited experience with implementing the systems and controls that are necessary to operate as a public company, as well as adopting changes in accounting principles or interpretations mandated by the relevant regulatory bodies. Additionally, if these new systems, controls or standards and the associated process changes do not give rise to the benefits that we expect or do not operate as intended, it could adversely affect our financial reporting systems and processes, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial reports or the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Moreover, our business may be harmed if we experience problems with any new systems and controls that result in delays in their implementation or increased costs to correct any post-implementation issues that may arise.
Further, weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our consolidated financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that will be filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over
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financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the New York Stock Exchange. We are not currently required to comply with the SEC rules that implement Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and are therefore not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. As a public company, we are required to provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting commencing with our second annual report on Form 10-K.
Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition and could cause a decline in the trading price of our common stock.
We may engage in merger and acquisition activities or strategic partnerships, which would require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
As part of our business strategy to grow our business, we have in the past and may in the future make investments or acquisitions in, or enter into strategic partnerships with, other companies, including acquisitions of franchises from our franchise partners. The identification of suitable acquisition or partnership candidates can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions or partnerships on favorable terms, if at all. These acquisitions or partnerships may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve the intended goals of such acquisition or partnership, and any acquisitions or partnerships we complete could be viewed negatively by customers or investors. We may encounter difficult or unforeseen expenditures in integrating an acquisition or partnership. In addition, if we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions, assets, technologies or personnel associated with such acquisitions or partnerships into our company, the business and results of operations of the combined company would be adversely affected.
These transactions may disrupt our ongoing operations, divert management from their primary responsibilities, subject us to additional liabilities, increase our expenses, subject us to increased regulatory requirements, cause adverse tax consequences or unfavorable accounting treatment, expose us to claims and disputes by stockholders and third parties, and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired assets and accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition or partnership transaction, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash for any such acquisition or partnership which would limit other potential uses for our cash. If we incur debt to fund any such acquisition or partnership, such debt may subject us to material restrictions in our ability to conduct our business, result in increased fixed obligations, and subject us to covenants or other restrictions that would decrease our operational flexibility and impede our ability to manage our operations. If we issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with future acquisitions or partnerships, existing stockholders’ ownership would be diluted.
We may need additional capital, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available.
Historically, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures primarily through sales of Dutch Bros OpCo Units that are convertible into our capital stock. In the future, we may raise additional capital through additional equity or debt financings to support our business growth, to respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, or for other reasons. On an ongoing basis, we are evaluating sources of financing and may raise additional capital in the future. Our ability to obtain additional capital will depend on our development efforts, business plans, investor demand, operating performance, the condition of the capital markets, and other factors. We cannot assure you that additional
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financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of existing stockholders, and existing stockholders may experience dilution. Further, if we are unable to obtain additional capital when required, or are unable to obtain additional capital on satisfactory terms, our ability to continue to support our business growth or to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances would be adversely affected.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and, to the extent enforceable, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law:
any derivative claim or cause of action brought on our behalf;
any claim or cause of action for a breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders;
any claim or cause of action against us or any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time);
any claim or cause of action seeking to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time, including any right, obligation or remedy thereunder);
any claim or cause of action as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and
any claim or cause of action against us or any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees governed by the internal-affairs doctrine.
This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by us, our officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering. If a court were to find either choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions. For example, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware recently determined that the exclusive forum provisions of federal district courts of the United States of America for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is not enforceable.
These choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may
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nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. We note that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Additionally, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that any person or entity holding, owning or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions.
Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law may prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to change our management or hinder efforts to acquire a controlling interest in us, and the market price of our Class A common stock may be lower as a result.
There are provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws that may make it difficult for a third party to acquire, or attempt to acquire, control of our company, even if a change in control was considered favorable by our stockholders.
Our charter documents also contain other provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect, such as:
permitting the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly created directorships;
providing that directors may only be removed pursuant to the provisions of Section 141(k) of the Delaware General Corporation Law;
prohibiting cumulative voting for directors;
the ability of the holders of our Class C common stock, voting as a separate class, to elect up to two directors, subject to the limitations set forth in our amended and restated certificate;
requiring super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our amended and restated bylaws;
authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could use to implement a stockholder rights plan;
eliminating the ability of stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders; and
our multi-class common stock structure as described above.
Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibit a person who owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Any provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Class A common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We expect to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends on our capital stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors. In addition, our ability to pay dividends on our Class A common stock and our Class D common stock is currently limited by the covenants of our Senior Secured Credit Facility and may be further restricted by the terms of any future debt or preferred securities.
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Holders of our Class B common stock and Class C common stock do not have any right to receive dividends, or to receive a distribution upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Dutch Bros Inc., with respect to their Class B common stock or Class C common stock. Accordingly, stockholders must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.
Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
Labor discord or disruption, geopolitical events, social unrest, war, including repercussions of the recent military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, terrorism, political instability, acts of public violence, boycotts, hostilities and social unrest and other health pandemics that lead to avoidance of public places or cause people to stay at home could harm our business. Additionally, natural disasters or other catastrophic events may cause damage or disruption to our operations, international commerce, and the global economy, and thus could harm our business. In particular, the west coast wildfires and the COVID-19 pandemic, including the reactions of governments, markets, and the general public, may result in a number of adverse consequences for our business, operations, and results of operations, many of which are beyond our control. In the event of a major earthquake, hurricane or catastrophic event such as fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, cyber-attack, war or terrorist attack, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, breaches of data security, and loss of critical data, all of which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, the insurance we maintain would likely not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2021, we had 271 company-operated and 267 franchise shops with 538 total shops in 12 states. The chart below shows our properties by state as of December 31, 2021.*
bros-20211231_g16.jpg
_________________
* As of December 31, 2021, we did not have any open shops in the state of Tennessee, however we did have employees in the state as part of our shop pre-opening activities for shops that opened in the first quarter of 2022.
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We typically enter into two general types of lease arrangements. In the first case, a ground lease where we manage the entire project from site prep to construction and equipment install, leasing the land only. In the second case, we enter into a build to suit arrangement with a developer who has secured the land, prepped the site and is responsible to construct the building. We are responsible for purchasing the equipment directly and for paying certain fees. In this arrangement we pay the developer rent based on the total project costs excluding our outlay. Our lease terms range from 1 to 30 years, but typically have terms of 15 years with three renewal options of five years each. Shop leases provide for a specified annual rent, typically at a fixed rate for the first five years with Consumer Price Index increases and other escalators there after.
In addition to our company-operated shops, we lease an 18,000 square foot headquarters facility with lease options extending through 2056, and we own a second 16,000 square foot headquarters facility. Additionally, we own and operate a 36,000 square foot roasting and packing facility. We also lease approximately 21,000 square feet of warehousing space adjacent to our main roasting facility, which currently houses a minor roasting facility used to roast all of our supply of White Coffee bean blend. Our headquarters, roasting facility, and warehouse space are located in Grants Pass, Oregon. In addition, we have added office spaces to support our current needs, including the leasing of three office spaces of 2,400 square feet, 2,900 square feet, and 3,000 square feet, respectively, in Grants Pass, Oregon, and a 1,600 square foot office space in Portland, Oregon. Our principal executive offices are located at 110 SW 4th Street, Grants Pass, Oregon, 97526. We believe our current facilities are suitable for our near-term expansion plans, and expect to continue to add additional capacity on an as-needed basis.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We may, from time to time, be party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. As our company matures, we may become party to an increasing number of litigation matters and claims. The outcome of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and the resolution of these matters could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information for Common Stock
Our Class A common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BROS”. There is no established public trading market for our Class B common stock, Class C common stock, or Class D common stock.
Stockholders
As of December 31, 2021, our Class A common stock was held by 89 holders of record. The actual number of stockholders of Class A common stock is greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities. As of December 31, 2021, we also had three holders of record of our Class B common stock, two holders of record of our Class C common stock, and two holders of record of our Class D common stock.
Dividend Policy
We have not paid dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In connection with the vesting of restricted stock units, shares of common stock are delivered to the Company by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations. The following table summarizes such purchases of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedWeighted-Average Price Paid Per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1 - March 31, 2021— — N/AN/A
April 1 - June 30, 2021— — N/AN/A
July 1 - September 30, 2021259,270 $43.71 N/AN/A
October 1 - December 31, 2021— — N/AN/A
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Stock Performance Graph
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A common stock (BROS) with the cumulative total return on the S&P 500 Index (SPX) and the S&P 500 Consumer Discretionary Index (SP500.25), assuming an initial investment of $100 at the market close on September 15, 2021, the date our stock commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Data for the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Consumer Discretionary Index assume reinvestment of dividends.
The comparisons in the graph below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intend to forecast, future performance of our Class A common stock.
bros-20211231_g17.jpg
September 15,
2021
September 30,
2021
October 31,
2021
November 30,
2021
December 31,
2021
Dutch Bros Inc.$100.00 $118.10 $207.85 $144.06 $138.79 
S&P 500 Index$100.00 $96.14 $102.78 $101.93 $106.37 
S&P 500 Consumer Discretionary Index$100.00 $97.34 $107.96 $110.01 $109.67 
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this document, includes forward looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. You should carefully read the “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” sections of this Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Form 10-K. While we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

The following discussion contains references to calendar year 2021 which represents the consolidated financial results of Dutch Bros Inc. and its subsidiaries, and to calendar year 2020, which represent the consolidated financial results of Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries.The comparison of the consolidated financial results of Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries for the calendar years 2020 and 2019 can be found in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on September 16, 2021.
Introduction and Overview
Dutch Bros Inc. is a high growth operator and franchisor of drive-thru coffee shops that focuses on serving high quality, hand-crafted beverages with unparalleled speed and superior service. Founded in 1992 by brothers Dane and Travis Boersma, Dutch Bros began with a double-head espresso machine and a pushcart in Grants Pass, Oregon. Our innovative, hand-crafted beverage-focused lineup features hot and cold espresso-based beverages, cold brew coffee products, proprietary energy drinks, tea, lemonade, smoothies and other beverages. We believe Dutch Bros is more than just the products we serve—we are dedicated to making a massive difference in the lives of our employees, customers and communities, one cup at a time.

As of December 31, 2021, we had 538 company-operated and franchised shops in 12 states, an increase of approximately 22% from the prior year. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated $497.9 million of revenue, a $(120.0) million net loss, and $(0.28) loss per diluted share. We have two reportable operating segments: Company-operated shops, and Franchising and other.
Initial Public Offering
Dutch Bros Inc. was incorporated in June 2021 for the purpose of facilitating an initial public offering in order to carry on the Company’s business. On September 17, 2021, we completed our IPO in which we issued and sold approximately 24.2 million shares of Class A common stock (including approximately 3.2 million shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares) at an offering price of $23.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $520.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering costs.
For additional information related to our IPO and organizational structure, see NOTE 1 — Organization and Nature of Operations and NOTE 12 — Equity and Stock-Based Compensation in the consolidated financial statements, Part II, Item 8.
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Impact of COVID-19
The effects of COVID-19 continue to evolve, and we cannot easily predict the future potential impacts of the pandemic on our business and operations, or on the United States and global economy in general. This also may include any recurrence of the disease, actions taken in response to the evolving pandemic, any ongoing effects on consumer demand and spending patterns or other impacts of the pandemic. Whether these or other currently unanticipated consequences of the pandemic are reasonably likely to materially affect the continued and future impacts on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition is yet to be determined.
Due to our drive-thru shops model, we have not experienced materially negative impacts to the degree as others in our industry, and our consumer demand has increased during the pandemic. Nevertheless, we have been affected by global shipping delays that have impacted deliveries of supplies to our shops.
Results of Operations
The following tables provide our operating results and explanation of changes for the periods presented.
Consolidated statements of operations
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
REVENUES
Company-operated shops$403,746 $244,514 $151,543 
Franchising and other94,130 82,899 86,825 
Total revenues497,876 327,413 238,368 
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Cost of sales346,113 211,659 142,307 
Selling, general and administrative265,035 105,087 65,764 
Total costs and expenses611,148 316,746 208,071 
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS(113,272)10,667 30,297 
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest expense, net(7,093)(3,736)(2,346)
Other income (expense), net(1,240)(363)524 
Total other expense(8,333)(4,099)(1,822)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES(121,605)6,568 28,475 
Income tax expense (benefit)(1,628)843 89 
NET INCOME (LOSS)(119,977)5,725 28,386 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to Dutch Bros OpCo prior to the Reorganization Transactions(68,602)5,725 28,386 
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests(38,461)— — 
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DUTCH BROS INC.$(12,914)$— $— 
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Segment financials

 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Revenues:
Company-operated shops$403,746 $244,514 $151,543 
Franchising and other94,130 82,899 86,825 
Total revenues497,876 327,413 238,368 
Cost of Sales:
Company-operated shops318,563 184,146 125,244 
Franchising and other27,550 27,513 17,063 
Total cost of sales346,113 211,659 142,307 
Segment gross profit:
Company-operated shops85,183 60,368 26,299 
Franchising and other66,580 55,386 69,762 
Total gross profit151,763 115,754 96,061 
Selling, general and administrative(265,035)(105,087)(65,764)
Interest expense, net(7,093)(3,736)(2,346)
Other income (expense), net(1,240)(363)524 
Income (loss) before income taxes$(121,605)$6,568 $28,475 
Depreciation and amortization:
Company-operated shops$16,291 $9,737 $7,496 
Franchising and other6,263 4,349 1,077 
All other2,663 1,451 1,097 
Total depreciation and amortization$25,217 $15,537 $9,670 
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Key Performance Indicators
The key performance indicators (KPIs) that we use to effectively manage and evaluate our business are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except shop count data)202120202019
Shop count, beginning of period
Company-operated18211890
Franchised259252238
441370328
Company-operated new openings825927
Franchised new openings161315
Acquisition of franchise shops751
Closures 1
(1)(1)
Shop count, end of period
Company-operated271182118
Franchised267259252
Total shop count538441370
Average unit volume (AUV) 2
$1,850$1,679$1,635
Company-operated shops$1,752$1,524$1,460
Same shop sales growth 3 5
8.4 %2.0 %2.0 %
Company-operated shops9.0 %0.8 %2.3 %
Company-operated shop revenues$403,746$244,514$151,543
Company-operated shop gross profit$85,183$60,368$26,299
Company-operated shop contribution 4
$101,474$70,105$33,795
Company-operated shop gross profit as a % of
company-operated shop revenue
21.1 %24.7 %17.4%
Company-operated shop contribution as a % of
company-operated shop revenue 4
25.1 %28.7 %22.3%
Net income (loss)$(119,977)$5,725$28,386
Adjusted EBITDA 4
$82,086$69,764$48,715
Net income (loss) as % of revenue(24.1)%1.7 %11.9 %
Adjusted EBITDA as % of revenue 4
16.5 %21.3 %20.4 %
Systemwide sales 4 5
$913,822$687,238$566,642
Dutch Rewards member registrations 6
3,2028N/A
_________________
1    Represents a temporary shop closure in 2021 and a permanent shop closure in 2020.
2    AUVs are determined based on the net sales for any trailing twelve-month period for systemwide and company-operated shops that have been open a minimum of 15 months. AUVs are calculated by dividing the net sales by the total number of systemwide and company-operated shops, respectively. Management uses this metric as an indicator of shop growth and future expectations of mature locations.
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3    Same shop sales growth reflects the change in year-over-year sales for the comparable shop base, which we define as shops open for 15 complete months or longer. Management uses this metric as an indicator of shop growth and future expansion strategy. The number of shops included in the systemwide and company-operated comparable bases for the respective periods are presented in the following table.
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Systemwide shop base354316287
Company-operated shop base1208977
4    Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results is provided in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
5    Systemwide sales and systemwide same shop sales include company-operated shop revenue and sales at franchised shops during the comparable periods noted. As these metrics include sales reported to us by our non-consolidated franchise partners, these metrics should be considered as a supplement to, not a substitute for, our results as reported under GAAP. Management uses these metrics as indicators of overall Dutch Bros financial health, growth and future expansion prospects.
6    Dutch Rewards, a digitally-based rewards program available exclusively through the Dutch Rewards app, was launched February 2021. As such, there is no information for the comparable periods of 2020. Management uses this metric as an indicator of customer loyalty adoption of our Dutch Rewards app and future promotional plans.
Company-operated Shop Results
The results for our company-operated shops segment were as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
(in thousands)$%$%$%
Company-operated shop revenue403,746 100.0 244,514 100.0 151,543 100.0 
Beverage, food and packaging costs102,222 25.3 54,820 22.4 43,997 29.0 
Labor costs123,679 30.6 71,651 29.3 46,836 30.9 
Occupancy and other costs63,570 15.7 38,611 15.8 22,980 15.2 
Pre-opening costs12,801 3.2 9,327 3.8 3,935 2.6 
Depreciation16,291 4.0 9,737 4.0 7,496 4.9 
Company-operated shop gross profit85,183 21.1 60,368 24.7 26,299 17.4 
Company-operated shop contribution 1
101,474 25.1 70,105 28.7 33,795 22.3 
_________________
1    Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results is provided in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
Company-operated Shop Segment Performance
Company-operated Shop Revenue
In 2021, company-operated shop revenue grew 65.1% to $403.7 million, as compared to $244.5 million in 2020, or an increase of $159.2 million. Company-operated shops in the comparable shop base contributed $16.7 million to this increase (9.0% same shop sales), while new company-operated shops opened during 2021 and 2020 contributed $142.5 million to this increase. For purposes of calculating company-operated same shop revenue growth, company-operated shop revenue for 120 shops was included in the comparable shop base.
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Discounts
Prior to implementing our Dutch Rewards app in February 2021, which is a spend-based digital rewards program, we used a paper-based stamp card as our loyalty program. For each beverage purchased, customers received one stamp. After accumulating 10 stamps, customers were eligible to redeem a completed card for a free beverage of any size.
When the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, out of an abundance of caution related to social distancing, we suspended physically stamping the paper-based loyalty card. This significantly reduced our sales and promotional discount expenses in 2020, and as a result positively impacted company-operated shop revenue. As a percentage of gross sales, sales and promotional discount expenses in 2020 were 7.5%, compared to 11.7% and 17.1% in 2021 and 2019, respectively. After absorbing the costs associated with registering over 2 million Dutch Rewards program members in the first quarter of 2021, sales and promotional discounts are settling to our targeted go-forward rate, with our longer term run rate expected to be in the low double digits. The positive impact on 2020 company-operated shop revenue brought on by the temporary suspension of the paper-based stamp card resulted in a decrease in the percentage of company-operated shop revenue measure for each cost category in 2020’s results. In the discussions below we identify that impact for each cost category.
Beverage, Food and Packaging Costs
In 2021, beverage, food and packaging costs increased 86.5% to $102.2 million, compared to $54.8 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by a 47.9% increase in shop operating weeks due to the opening of new company-operated shops during both 2021 and 2020, as well as the portion of comparable sales growth, which grew 9.0% for 2021. The remainder of the increase was driven by ingredient cost increases as well as a shift in the mix of products sold.
As a percentage of company-operated shop revenue, beverage, food and packaging costs increased to 25.3% in 2021, compared to 22.4% in 2020, or a 290 “basis points” increase. As noted above, the impact of lower promotional discount expenses in 2020 contributed approximately 120 “basis points” of this increase. Ingredient cost increases as well as a shift in the mix of products sold drove 100 “basis points”, and costs associated with opening new stores, many of which are in new markets, contributed 70 “basis points” to the increase.
Labor Costs
In 2021, labor costs increased 72.6% to $123.7 million, compared to $71.7 million in 2020. This growth was primarily driven by a 47.9% increase in shop operating weeks due to the opening of new company-operated shops during both 2021 and 2020.
As a percentage of company-operated shop revenue, labor costs increased to 30.6% in 2021, compared to 29.3% in 2020, or a 130 “basis points” increase. As noted above, the impact of lower promotional discount expenses in 2020 contributed approximately 140 “basis points” of this increase. Additionally, the legislated increases in the minimum wage in our West Coast shops, along with updated minimum staffing standards across all shops contributed 30 “basis points”, which were offset by lower COVID-19 leave costs of 40 “basis points”.
Occupancy and Other Costs
In 2021, occupancy and other costs increased 64.6% to $63.6 million, compared to $38.6 million in 2020. This growth was primarily driven by a 47.9% increase in shop operating weeks due to the opening of new company-operated shops during both 2021 and 2020.
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As a percentage of company-operated shop revenue, occupancy and other costs remained approximately flat at 15.7% in 2021, compared to 15.8% in 2020. The reinstitution of cash as a form of tender in March 2021 drove a 90 “basis points” improvement as a result of lower credit card fees, and the leverage on rent and other occupancy costs provided a 40 “basis points” margin benefit. As noted above, the impact of lower promotional discount expenses in 2020 contributed approximately 130 “basis points” increase as an offset to these improvements.
Pre-opening Costs
In 2021, pre-opening costs increased 37.2% to $12.8 million, compared to $9.3 million in 2020. This growth was primarily driven by the opening of 82 new company-operated shops during 2021 compared to the opening of 59 company-operated shops during 2020.

Depreciation and Amortization
In 2021, depreciation and amortization increased 67.3% to $16.3 million, compared to $9.7 million in 2020. This growth was primarily driven by the opening of 82 new company-operated shops during 2021. As a percentage of company-operated shop revenue, depreciation and amortization was 4.0% for 2021 and remained unchanged compared to 2020.
Company-operated Shop Gross Profit
In 2021, Company-operated shop gross profit increased 41.1% to $85.2 million, compared to $60.4 million in 2020, primarily related to the year-over-year increase in net revenue. As a percentage of company-operated shop revenue, company-operated shop gross profit decreased to 21.1% in 2021, compared to 24.7% in 2020. As noted above, the impact of lower promotional discount expenses in 2020 contributed approximately 360 “basis points” of this decrease. The remainder is primarily due to higher beverage, food and packaging costs brought on by ingredient cost increases and product mix shifts noted above, as well as expenses related to the accelerated pace of new shop openings.
Company-operated Shop Contribution1
In 2021, Company-operated shop contribution increased 44.7% to $101.5 million, compared to $70.1 million in 2020, primarily related to year-over-year increase in net revenue. As a percentage of company-operated shop revenue, company-operated shop contribution decreased to 25.1% in 2021, compared to 28.7% in 2020. As noted above, the impact of lower promotional discount expenses in 2020 contributed approximately 340 “basis points” of this decrease. The remainder is primarily due to higher beverage, food and packaging costs brought on by ingredient cost increases and product mix shifts noted above, as well as expenses related to the accelerated pace of new shop openings.
Franchising and Other Segment Performance
In 2021, Franchising and other revenue grew 13.5% to $94.1 million, compared to $82.9 million in 2020. The increase in revenue was a result of $6.7 million in same shop sales growth, $2.9 million in additional shop weeks from franchise shops opened in 2021 and 2020 , and $1.4 million from no royalty abatement in 2021. This was partially offset by reduced revenue in 2021 as a result of the strategic decision to exit our internal merchandising business related to Dutch-branded goods in 2020, along with changes in franchisee inventory management practices.
Franchising and other gross profit grew 20.2% to $66.6 million in 2021, compared to $55.4 million in 2020. The net increase in revenue noted above, combined with relatively flat cost of sales, drove an increase in franchising and other gross profit.
_________________
1    Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results is provided in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
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Selling, General and Administrative
In 2021, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 152.2% to $265.0 million, compared to $105.1 million in 2020. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses increased to 53.2% in 2021, compared to 32.1% in 2020. We recognized equity-based compensation charges of $157.7 million in 2021 compared to $35.1 million in 2020. In 2021, as a result of the Reorganization Transactions and IPO, we recognized equity-based compensation related to the grant and vesting of stock awards, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units in Dutch Bros PubCo to certain eligible employees. The remainder of the change was primarily driven by IPO costs, which were partially offset by leverage from our investment in infrastructure and above-shop headcount.
Other Expense
Interest Expense, Net
In 2021, interest expense, net grew 89.9%, to $7.1 million, compared to $3.7 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by increased borrowings associated with refinancing of our Senior Secured Credit Facility and interest on capital leases.
Other Income (Expense)
In 2021, other expense was $(1.2) million, compared to $(0.4) million in 2020, primarily related to write-off of fees associated with early extinguishment of debt in 2021.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
In 2021, income tax expense (benefit) was $(1.6) million, compared to $0.8 million in 2020. The tax benefit was primarily driven by losses allocated from Dutch Bros OpCo to the Company, partially offset by state taxes and a valuation allowance related to our charitable contributions.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Overview
We had cash and cash equivalents of $18.5 million and $31.6 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, our principal sources of liquidity were cash flows from operations, proceeds from our initial public offering and our Senior Secured Credit Facility (as defined below). Our principal uses of liquidity for the year ended December 31, 2021 were to pay off our term loans and fund our working capital needs.
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Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Net cash flows provided by operating activities$80,375 $53,549 $56,702 
Net cash flows used in investing activities(121,089)(45,570)(39,948)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities27,580 8,077 (12,680)
Net increase (decrease) in cash$(13,134)$16,056 $4,074 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period31,640 15,584 11,510 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$18,506 $31,640 $15,584 
Operating Activities
In 2021, net cash provided by operating activities was $80.4 million, compared to $53.5 million in 2020, an increase of $26.8 million, primarily related to increased deferred revenue and associated obligations on our Dutch Rewards loyalty app, as well as higher accrued compensation and other costs resulting from company growth and headcount expansion. These increases were partially offset by higher inventory as a result of additional company-operated shops.
Investing Activities
In 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $121.1 million, compared to $45.6 million in 2020, an increase of $75.5 million, primarily related to investment in capital expenditures as a result of new company-operated shop openings.
Financing Activities
For 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $27.6 million, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $8.1 million in 2020, an increase of $19.5 million, primarily due to the net proceeds from our initial public offering and draws from term and revolving loans under our Senior Secured Credit Facility, which were partially offset by payments in 2021 to repurchase equity and members’ units, payoff term loans under our Senior Secured Credit Facility, and provide distributions to members.
Cash Requirements
We believe that cash provided by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents, and proceeds from our Senior Secured Credit Facilities are adequate to fund our debt service requirements, operating lease obligations, and working capital obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Our future capital requirements may vary materially from period to period and will depend on many factors, primarily our expansion and growth by opening additional company-operated shops and/or reacquiring existing franchised shops. We currently expect to fund these new shop builds and/or acquisitions with additional proceeds from our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. The total capital expenditures for fiscal year 2022 are estimated to be approximately $175 million to $200 million.
From time to time, we may explore additional financing sources which could include equity, equity‑linked and debt financing arrangements. Further, the payments that we may be required to make under the TRAs that we entered into may be significant, and we are currently unable to estimate the amounts and timing of the payments that may be due thereunder.
Other than operating expenses, our cash requirements for fiscal year 2022 are expected to consist primarily of capital expenditures for investments in our new and existing shops, our supply chain, and our corporate facilities.
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The following table summarizes our current and long-term material cash requirements as of December 31, 2021, which we expect to fund primarily with operating cash flows and as needed proceeds from our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
Material Cash Requirements
(in thousands)TotalLess than 1 Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsMore than 5 Years
Operating lease obligations 1
$184,590 $12,398 $23,701 $22,717 $125,774 
Capital lease obligations 1 5
130,379 8,824 17,415 18,155 85,985 
Purchase obligations 3
82,979 73,283 9,036 660 — 
Debt obligations 2 5
65,000 65,000 — — — 
Liabilities under tax receivable agreement 4 5
109,733 450 15,034 15,087 79,162 
Total$572,681 $159,955 $65,186 $56,619 $290,921 
_________________
1    Amounts include future minimum lease payments, excluding any taxes, insurance, and other related expenses.
2    Amounts include principal and interest under our Senior Secured Credit Facility, revolving line of credit due May 2026.
3    Purchase obligations include all legally binding contracts, including firm minimum commitments for inventory purchases, commitments for the purchase, construction or remodeling of real estate facilities, buybacks of franchise shops, equipment purchases, marketing-related contracts, software acquisition/license commitments and service contracts.
4    Liabilities under Tax Receivable Agreement include estimated amounts to be paid to the non-controlling interest holders, assuming we will have sufficient taxable income over the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement to utilize the related tax benefits.
5    As of December 31, 2021, capital lease obligations, debt obligations, and liabilities under tax receivable agreement are all included in our balance sheet. All other material cash requirements listed are not included on our balance sheet.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
JP Morgan Credit Facility
On May 12, 2021, we entered into a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and other financial institutions as the lenders party thereto (the Senior Secured Credit Facility). The Senior Secured Credit Facility consists of a $200 million term loan credit facility, a $150 million revolving credit facility and an uncommitted incremental facility of up to $100 million. Upon entering into the Senior Secured Credit Facility, we drew a $200 million term loan to pay a distribution to existing pre-IPO stockholders and a $25 million revolving loan.
Loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility will mature and all amounts outstanding will be due and payable on May 12, 2026. The principal balance of the term loans amortizes each quarter at a rate between 2.5% and 12.5% per annum. Loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to either the adjusted LIBOR rate or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable spread based on our net lease-adjusted total leverage ratio. Our obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are guaranteed by our subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of our and such subsidiary guarantors’ assets.
The Senior Secured Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us to not exceed a maximum net lease-adjusted total leverage ratio and maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also contains certain negative covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to: incur additional debt; grant liens on assets; sell or dispose of assets; merge with or acquire other companies, or make other investments; liquidate or dissolve ourselves; engage in businesses that are not in a related line of business; and pay dividends or make other distributions. As of the date of this Form 10-K, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Senior Secured Credit Facility.
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On September 17, 2021, we completed the IPO and subsequently paid in full our term loans which totaled $198.8 million. As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding term loans and $65.0 million of outstanding revolving loans with $85.0 million available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility. The revolving loans bear interest at 2.375% as of December 31, 2021.
Credit Facility Update
On February 28, 2022 (the Effective Date) the Company amended its Senior Secured Credit Facility with JPMorgan Chase, N.A. The new facility (the 2022 Credit Facility) has a total capacity of $500 million, consisting of a $250 million revolving credit facility, a term loan facility of up to $100 million, and a delayed draw term loan facility of up to $150 million. The revolving credit facility includes sub-limits for issuance of letters of credit and swing line loans of up to $50 million and $15 million, respectively. It also contains an option allowing the Company to increase the size of the 2022 Credit Facility by up to an additional $150 million, with the agreement of the committing lenders. The 2022 Credit Facility expires five years after the Effective Date.
Upon entering into the 2022 Credit Facility, the Company drew $100 million in term loans and approximately $30 million in revolving loans, and the existing credit facility was repaid and terminated.
Interest on borrowings under the 2022 Credit Facility is based on (a) the Alternate Base Rate plus an applicable margin, or (b) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus an applicable margin, and is payable in accordance with the selected interest rate period (at least quarterly) and upon maturity. Principal payments for the term loans are required on a quarterly basis in accordance with an amortization schedule and upon certain disposition of assets.
The 2022 Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require our company to not exceed a maximum net lease-adjusted total leverage ratio and maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The 2022 Credit Facility also contains certain negative covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to incur additional debt, grant liens on assets, merge with or acquire other companies, make other investments, dispose of assets, and enter into sale and leaseback transactions and swap agreements. Obligations under the 2022 Credit Facility are guaranteed by Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries, and secured by a first priority perfected security interest in substantially all of the assets of the guarantors.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The methods, assumptions, and estimates that we use in applying our accounting policies may require us to apply judgments regarding matters that are inherently uncertain. We consider an accounting policy to be a critical estimate if: (1) we must make assumptions that were uncertain when the judgment was made, and (2) changes in the estimate assumptions, or selection of a different estimate methodology, could have a significant impact on our financial position and the results that we report in our Consolidated Financial Statements. While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information available when the estimate was made.
Refer to NOTE 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies within the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our critical accounting estimates and policies, which are as follows:
Dutch Rewards Loyalty Program
The estimation of the standalone selling price of points and other rewards issued to customers involves several assumptions, primarily the estimated value of product for which the reward is expected to be redeemed. Our estimate of points and other rewards we expect to be redeemed is based on historical company-specific data. These inputs are subject to change over time due to factors such as menu price increases, changes in points redemption options, and changes in customer behavior.
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Property & Equipment, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill
The valuation methods and assumptions used in assessing the potential impairment of property and equipment, intangible assets, and goodwill, including the determination of asset groupings and the identification and allocation of goodwill to reporting units.
Leases
The estimation and assumptions of our lease terms, including assumed renewal periods for both operating and capital leases. The estimation of our incremental borrowing rate applied in calculation of the net present value of minimum lease payments for our capital leases.
Tax Receivable Agreements
In connection with our IPO, we entered into two TRAs with certain non-controlling interest owners (the Continuing Members). The TRAs generally provide for us to pay the Continuing Members 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize or are deemed to realize in certain circumstances. We will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these net cash savings.
We account for amounts payable under the TRAs in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 450, Contingencies. As such, subsequent changes to the measurement of the TRA liability are recognized in the statements of operations. As of December 31, 2021, our TRA liability was $109.7 million related to our projected obligations under the TRAs in connection with the Reorganization Transactions and OpCo units exchanged. See NOTE 10 — Tax Receivable Agreements for further details.
Income Taxes
Our expense/(benefit) for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities including valuation allowance requires the use of estimates based on our management’s interpretation and application of complex tax laws and accounting guidance.
Deferred taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method, whereby tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. We regularly evaluate the valuation allowances established for deferred tax assets for which future realization is uncertain. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider both positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax assets and liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and results of recent operations. If, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. See NOTE 11 — Income Taxes for further details.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to disclosing financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP, this document contains references to the non-GAAP financial measures below. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with useful supplemental information about our operating performance, enable comparison of financial trends and results between periods where certain items may vary independent of business performance, and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in operating our business and measuring our performance.
Our non-GAAP financial measures reflect adjustments based on one or more of the following items. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and the financial results calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and reconciliations from these results should be carefully evaluated.
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Company-operated shop contribution (in dollars and as a percentage of revenue)
Definition and/or calculation
Company-operated segment gross profit, before company-operated shop depreciation and amortization. Company-operated shop contribution in dollars (as defined), taken as a percentage of company-operated shop revenue.
Usefulness to management and investors
This non-GAAP measure is used by our management in making performance decisions without the impact of non-cash depreciation charges. This is a standard metric used across the industry by our investors.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA (in dollars and as a percentage of revenue)
EBITDA — definition and/or calculation
Net income (loss) before interest expense (net of interest income), income taxes expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization expense.
Adjusted EBITDA — definition and/or calculation
Defined as EBITDA (as defined above), excluding equity-based compensation, expenses and donations associated with equity offerings, COVID-19: “Thank You” pay and catastrophic leave expenses, COVID-19: royalty abatement expenses, COVID-19: first responder donation, impacts of transition from paper stamp card to Dutch Rewards loyalty app, and expenses associated with the exit of our in-house merchandising business, Dutchwear. Adjusted EBITDA in dollars (as defined), taken as a percentage of total revenue.
Usefulness to management and investors
These non-GAAP measures are supplemental operating performance measures we believe facilitate comparisons to historical performance and competitors’ operating results. We believe the non-GAAP measures presented provide investors with a supplemental view of our operating performance that facilitates analysis and comparisons of our ongoing business operations because they exclude items that may not be indicative of our ongoing operating performance.
Non-GAAP adjustments
Below are the definitions of the non-GAAP adjustments that are used in the calculation of our non-GAAP measures, as described above.
Equity-based compensation
Non-cash expenses related to the grant and vesting of stock awards, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units in Dutch Bros PubCo and/or profit interest units in Dutch Bros OpCo to certain eligible employees. These awards are accounted for in accordance with guidance prescribed for in accounting for share-based compensation.
Expenses associated with equity offerings
Costs incurred as a result of our equity offerings. These costs include legal fees, consulting fees, tax and accounting fees, and payroll taxes related to the grant and vesting of stock awards for certain employees.
Donations associated with equity offerings
As part of our IPO, we made a donation to the Dutch Bros Foundation. This donation is separate from other donations to the Dutch Bros Foundation that we may periodically make.
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COVID-19: “Thank You” pay and catastrophic leave
Costs related to two separate programs established to support employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. We implemented an hourly wage supplement program for shop employees who continued to work while their state or county was under a stay at home order or similar lockdown requirement. This program lasted in various markets until April 2021. We also established a catastrophic leave policy that provided paid leave to employees who were required to quarantine due to in-shop exposures and could not work their regular hours. All COVID-19-related protocols, including catastrophic leave, will remain in effect until the end of the COVID-19 pandemic as determined by the appropriate government agency.
COVID-19: royalty abatement
In April 2020, we permitted franchise partners to skip one month of royalty payments to support their cash flow needs. We discontinued this support one month later in May 2020.
COVID-19: first responder donation
During 2020, we made specific donations to the First Responders First organization to support the acquisition and distribution of personal protective equipment for first responders.
Dutch Rewards transition
In 2019, we recorded a sales allowance under the new revenue recognition standard to establish the contract liability for our stamp card loyalty program. In 2020, we discontinued issuing new stamp cards under the stamp card loyalty program, which we recognized previously deferred revenue as a result of customers redeeming their stamp cards. In 2021, the stamp card loyalty program was cancelled.
Dutchwear merchandising adjustment
During 2020, we incurred a series of costs associated with the strategic decision to exit our internal merchandising business related to Dutch-branded goods such as mugs and cups. These costs include write-off and disposal of obsolete inventory and severance for staff dedicated to in-house support services related to our Dutchwear business.
Following are the reconciliations of the most comparable GAAP metric to non-GAAP metrics presented:
Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
(in thousands; unaudited)$%$%$%
Company-operated shop gross profit85,183 21.1 60,368 24.7 26,299 17.4 
Depreciation and amortization16,291 4.0 9,737 4.0 7,496 4.9 
Company-operated shop contribution101,474 25.1 70,105 28.7 33,795 22.3 


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Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
(in thousands; unaudited)$%$%$%
Net income (loss)(119,977)(24.1)5,725 1.7 28,386 11.9 
Depreciation and amortization25,217 5.1 15,537 4.7 9,670 4.1 
Interest expense, net7,093 1.4 3,736 1.1 2,346 1.0 
Income tax expense (benefit)(1,628)(0.3)843 0.3 89 — 
EBITDA(89,295)(17.9)25,841 7.9 40,491 17.0 
Equity-based compensation157,716 31.7 35,087 10.7 6,758 2.8 
Expenses associated with equity offerings6,523 1.3 — — — — 
Donations associated with equity offerings3,792 0.8 — — — — 
COVID-19: “Thank You” pay and catastrophic leave3,350 0.7 4,942 1.5 — — 
COVID-19: royalty abatement— — 1,400 0.4 — — 
COVID-19: first responder donation— — 2,000 0.6 — — 
Dutch Rewards transition— — (3,669)(1.1)1,466 0.6 
Dutchwear merchandising adjustment— — 4,163 1.3 — — 
Adjusted EBITDA82,086 16.5 69,764 21.3 48,715 20.4 
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Commodity Risks
Our profitability is dependent on, among other things, our ability to anticipate and react to changes in the costs of key operating resources, including beverage, energy, and other commodities. We have been able to partially offset cost increases resulting from several factors, including market conditions, shortages or interruptions in supply due to weather or other conditions beyond our control, governmental regulations and inflation by increasing our menu prices as well as making other operational adjustments that increase productivity. However, substantial increases in costs and expenses could impact our operating results to the extent that such increases cannot be offset by menu price increases.
Labor and Benefits Costs
At our company-operated shops, our starting wage has historically been the minimum wage in place for that particular state with broistas receiving tips from customers in addition to wages. We do not, however, reduce the wages we pay to broistas to offset tips. We believe this combination of financial security and upside earning potential, in addition to our strong culture and focus on development, enables us to attract a high caliber employee, which directly translates to better customer service.
We have experienced minimum wage increases in several states over the past two years, including Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Colorado, and Arizona. As we consider the potential for future federal and state or local minimum wage increases, we intend to partially offset such increases with operational efficiencies and cost reduction measures in our supply chain and elsewhere before increasing our menu prices. In the future, we may or may not be able to offset these cost increases with operational efficiencies or menu price increases. As of December 31, 2021, we employed approximately 10,250 hourly workers in our shops.
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Interest Rate Risk
We have historically been exposed to interest rate risk through fluctuations in interest rates on our debt obligations. Our Senior Secured Credit Facility carries interest at a floating rate. We seek to manage exposure to adverse interest rate changes through our normal operating and financing activities. As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding term loans and $65.0 million of outstanding revolving loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility. A hypothetical increase of interest rates up to 1% on our outstanding revolving loans would result in an increase in our annual interest expense of approximately $0.7 million.
Impact of Inflation
The primary inflation factors affecting our operations are commodity and supplies, energy costs, and materials used in the construction of company-operated shops. Our leases require us to pay taxes, maintenance, repairs, insurance, and utilities, all of which are generally subject to inflationary increases. Finally, the cost of constructing our shops is subject to inflation, which could increase the costs of labor and materials, and result in higher rent expense on new shops.
While we have been able to partially offset inflation and other changes in the costs of core operating resources by gradually increasing menu prices, coupled with more efficient purchasing practices, productivity improvements and greater economies of scale, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to do so in the future. From time to time, competitive conditions could limit our menu pricing flexibility. In addition, macroeconomic conditions could make additional menu price increases imprudent. There can be no assurance that future cost increases can be offset by increased menu prices or that increased menu prices will be fully absorbed by our guests without any resulting change to their visit frequencies or purchasing patterns. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will generate same shop sales growth in an amount sufficient to offset inflationary or other cost pressures.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Dutch Bros Inc. and SubsidiariesPage
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’/Members’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Dutch Bros Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Dutch Bros Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’/members’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
Portland, Oregon
March 11, 2022
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DUTCH BROS INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)20212020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$18,506 $31,640 
Accounts receivable, net10,644 10,837 
Inventories, net23,345 15,580 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets8,796 5,015 
Total current assets61,291 63,072 
Property and equipment, net301,998 165,423 
Intangibles, net11,103 11,323 
Goodwill18,715 18,075 
Deferred income tax assets, net159,031 193 
Other long-term assets1,562 1,573 
Total assets$553,700 $259,659 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$20,440 $16,092 
Accrued liabilities24,513 10,036 
Other current liabilities6,471 1,429 
Deferred revenue22,807 11,192 
Line of credit64,104 15,000 
Current portion of tax receivable agreements liability450 — 
Current portion of capital lease obligations3,389 2,331 
Current portion of long-term debt103 3,788 
Total current liabilities142,277 59,868 
Deferred revenue, net of current portion5,030 4,746 
Tax receivable agreements liability, net of current portion109,283 — 
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion79,588 49,637 
Long-term debt, net of current portion3,503 24,367 
Profits interest liability— 41,845 
Deferred rent3,153 2,740 
Other long-term liabilities680 466 
Total liabilities343,514 183,669 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Temporary equity:
Redeemable common units - 4,990 common units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020
— 1,535,772 
Permanent equity (deficit):
Members’ deficit - 5,010 common units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020
— (1,459,782)
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Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value per share - 20,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021
— — 
Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value per share - 400,000 shares authorized; 34,433 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021
— — 
Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value per share - 144,000 shares authorized; 64,699 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021
— 
Class C common stock, $0.00001 par value per share - 105,000 shares authorized; 49,006 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021
— 
Class D common stock, $0.00001 par value per share - 42,000 shares authorized; 15,441 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021
— — 
Additional paid in capital106,410 — 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)(12,914)— 
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Dutch Bros Inc. / members’ equity93,498 75,990 
Non-controlling interests116,688 — 
Total equity210,186 75,990 
Total liabilities and equity$553,700 $259,659 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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DUTCH BROS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)202120202019
REVENUES
Company-operated shops$403,746 $244,514 $151,543 
Franchising and other94,130 82,899 86,825 
Total revenues497,876 327,413 238,368 
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Cost of sales346,113 211,659 142,307 
Selling, general and administrative265,035 105,087 65,764 
Total costs and expenses611,148 316,746 208,071 
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS(113,272)10,667 30,297 
OTHER EXPENSE
Interest expense, net(7,093)(3,736)(2,346)
Other income (expense), net(1,240)(363)524 
Total other expense(8,333)(4,099)(1,822)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES(121,605)6,568 28,475 
Income tax expense (benefit)(1,628)843 89 
NET INCOME (LOSS)$(119,977)$5,725 $28,386 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to Dutch Bros OpCo prior to the Reorganization Transactions(68,602)5,725 28,386 
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests(38,461)— — 
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DUTCH BROS INC.$(12,914)$— $— 
Net loss per share of Class A and Class D common stock:1
Basic$(0.28)N/AN/A
Diluted$(0.28)N/AN/A
Weighted-average shares of Class A and Class D common stock outstanding:
Basic45,864 N/AN/A
Diluted45,864 N/AN/A
_________________
1    Basic and diluted net loss per share of Class A and Class D common stock is applicable only for the period September 14, 2021 through December 31, 2021, which is the period effective with and following the IPO and Reorganization Transactions (as defined in NOTE 1 — Organization and Nature of Operations to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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DUTCH BROS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’/Members’ Equity
Dutch Mafia LLC
(Prior to Reorganization Transactions)
Dutch Bros Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
Class A
Common Stock
Class B
Common Stock
Class C
Common Stock
Class D
Common Stock
(in thousands)Total Members’ EquitySharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-in-CapitalRetained Earnings (Deficit)Non-Controlling InterestsTotal Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020$75,990 — $— — $— — $— — $— $— $— $— $75,990 
Net loss prior to the Reorganization Transactions(68,602)— — — — — — — — — — — (68,602)
Reclass of profits interest liability to equity76,596 — — — — — — — — — — — 76,596 
Member distributions(213,308)— — — — — — — — — — — (213,308)
Equity-based compensation recognized prior to the Reorganization Transactions78,579 — — — — — — — — — — — 78,579 
Effect of the Reorganization Transactions and initial public offering on non-controlling interests50,745 9,877 — 71,408 54,068 17,036 — (196,515)— 145,768 — 
Issuance of Class A common stock sold in initial public offering, net of offering costs— 24,211 — — — — — — — 520,804 — — 520,804 
Purchase of OpCo common units in connection with the initial public offering— — — (6,709)— (5,062)— — — (239,622)— (13,648)(253,270)
Impact of Tax Receivable Agreements— — — — — — — — — 46,446 — — 46,446 
Net loss subsequent to the Reorganization Transactions— — — — — — — — — — (12,914)(38,461)(51,375)
Equity-based compensation recognized subsequent to the Reorganization Transactions— — — — — — — — — 12,663 — 31,390 44,053 
Issuance of Class A common stock pursuant to vesting of equity awards, net of stock withheld for tax— 345 — — — — — — — (3,258)— (8,075)(11,333)
Effect of exchange of OpCo common units— — — — — — — — — 286 — (286)— 
Repurchase and retirement of Class D common stock— — — — — — — (1,595)— (34,394)— — (34,394)
Balance, December 31, 2021$— 34,433 $— 64,699 $49,006 $15,441 $— $106,410 $(12,914)$116,688 $210,186 
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 82

DUTCH BROS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’/Members’ Equity (continued)
(in thousands)Temporary Equity: Redeemable Common UnitsPermanent Equity: Members’ DeficitTotal Members’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2018$534,878 $(476,345)$58,533 
Adoption of ASU 2014-09, as amended— (2,279)(2,279)
Distribution to members— (6,625)(6,625)
Increase in redemption value of common units402,843 (402,843)— 
Net income— 28,386 28,386 
Balance, December 31, 2019937,721 (859,706)78,015 
Distributions to members— (7,750)(7,750)
Increase in redemption value of common units598,051 (598,051)— 
Net income— 5,725 5,725 
Balance, December 31, 2020$1,535,772 $(1,459,782)$75,990 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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DUTCH BROS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)$(119,977)$5,725 $28,386 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization25,217 15,537 9,670 
Non-cash interest expense280 98 98 
Loss on disposal of assets657 475 232 
Loss on extinguishment of debt1,286 — — 
Equity-based compensation157,716 35,087 6,758 
Deferred income taxes(2,663)— — 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net193 (4,218)(612)
Inventories(7,668)(4,587)222 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(3,761)(1,284)2,220 
Other long-term assets13 (573)495 
Accounts payable2,154 (518)3,531 
Accrued expenses9,973 2,527 2,940 
Other current liabilities4,955 584 217 
Deferred revenue11,706 4,419 4,954 
Deferred rent412 343 552 
Other long-term liabilities(118)(66)(2,961)
Net cash provided by operating activities80,375 53,549 56,702 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(118,444)(40,575)(39,465)
Proceeds from disposal of fixed assets2,742 99 47 
Acquisition of shops from franchisees(5,387)(5,094)(530)
Net cash used in investing activities(121,089)(45,570)(39,948)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from line of credit65,000 30,000 — 
Payments on line of credit(15,000)(15,000)(1,958)
Payments on capital lease obligations(2,653)(1,195)(1,104)
Proceeds from financing lease obligations1,484 — — 
Proceeds from long-term debt200,000 5,250 — 
Payments on long-term debt(227,594)(3,228)(2,993)
Payments of debt issuance costs(2,406)— — 
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program loan— 10,000 — 
Payments on Paycheck Protection Program loan— (10,000)— 
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of offering costs524,858 — — 
Distributions paid to members(213,308)(7,750)(6,625)
Payments to repurchase outstanding equity / member units(287,664)— — 
Payments of IPO issuance costs(3,804)— — 
Tax withholding payments upon vesting of equity awards(11,333)— — 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities27,580 8,077 (12,680)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(13,134)16,056 4,074 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period31,640 15,584 11,510 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$18,506 $31,640 $15,584 
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Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for interest$7,350 $3,829 $2,415 
Income taxes paid886 338 103 
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Additions of property with capital leases and financing obligations$35,169 $31,291 $13,797 
Additions of property and equipment accrued in accounts payable6,452 3,518 4,329 
Deferred offering costs accrued250 — — 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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DUTCH BROS INC.
Index for Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NotePage
NOTE 1 — Organization and Nature of Operations
NOTE 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
NOTE 3 — Revenue Recognition
NOTE 4 — Shop Acquisitions
NOTE 5 — Inventories
NOTE 6 — Property and Equipment
NOTE 7 — Intangible Assets and Goodwill
NOTE 8 — Leases
NOTE 9 — Debt
NOTE 10 — Tax Receivable Agreements
NOTE 11 — Income Taxes
NOTE 12 — Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
NOTE 13 — Employee Benefit Plans
NOTE 14 — Non-Controlling Interests
NOTE 15 — Loss Per Share
NOTE 16 — Commitments and Contingencies
NOTE 17 — Related Party Transactions
NOTE 18 — Segment Reporting
NOTE 19 — Subsequent Events
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 86

DUTCH BROS INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 — Organization and Nature of Operations
Organization
Dutch Bros Inc. (the Company) was formed on June 4, 2021 as a Delaware corporation for the purpose of facilitating an initial public offering (the IPO) and other related transactions in order to carry on the business of Dutch Mafia, LLC, a limited liability company, and its subsidiaries (Dutch Bros OpCo). The Company is the sole managing member of Dutch Bros OpCo and operates and controls all of the business and affairs of Dutch Bros OpCo. As a result, the Company consolidates the financial results of Dutch Bros OpCo and reports a non-controlling interest representing the economic interest in Dutch Bros OpCo held by the other members of Dutch Bros OpCo. As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned approximately 30.5% of Dutch Bros OpCo. The Company’s fiscal year end is December 31.

The Company is in the business of operating and franchising drive-thru coffee shops as well as the wholesale sale and distribution of coffee, coffee-related products and accessories. As of December 31, 2021, there were 538 shops in operation in 12 U.S. states, of which 271 were company-operated and 267 were franchised.

Initial Public Offering
On September 17, 2021, the Company completed its IPO of approximately 24.2 million shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $23.00 per share, which included approximately 3.2 million shares issued pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. The Company received proceeds of approximately $520.8 million, net of offering costs. The proceeds were used to purchase approximately 10.9 million newly-issued Class A common units from Dutch Bros OpCo for approximately $234.4 million. The proceeds were also used to purchase approximately 11.7 million Class A common units from the Continuing Members for approximately $253.3 million, and approximately 1.6 million shares of Class D common stock from the Pre-IPO Blocker Holders for approximately $34.4 million.

Reorganization Transactions
In connection with the IPO, the Company completed the following transactions (the Reorganization Transactions):

Amended and restated the Second Dutch Bros OpCo Agreement to, among other things, effect a recapitalization in which (i) the outstanding Common Units were converted into Class A common units paired with an equal number of either Class B voting units or Class C voting units, and (ii) the outstanding Profits Interest (PI) Units were converted into Class A common units.
Amended and restated the Company’s certificate of incorporation to, among other things, authorize four classes of common stock.
The Company’s acquisition of Class A common units and Class C voting units held by certain pre-IPO Dutch Bros OpCo Unitholders in exchange for shares of Class D common stock.
Pre-IPO Dutch Bros OpCo Unitholders’ contribution of Class A common units, Class B voting units, and Class C voting units to the Company in exchange for Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock, respectively.
The Company’s designation as managing member of the Dutch Bros OpCo.
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The Company executed two Tax Receivable Agreements (TRAs) which provide for payment by the Company to certain Dutch Bros OpCo owners of 85% of the benefits, if any, that the Company would be deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions) as a result of certain tax attributes and benefits covered by the TRAs.
Following the completion of the Reorganization Transactions and IPO, and as of December 31, 2021, the Company held 100.0% of the voting interest and 30.5% of the economic interest of the Dutch Bros OpCo. The Dutch Bros OpCo members subsequent to the IPO (the Continuing Members) held none of the voting interest and the remaining 69.5% of the economic interest of the Dutch Bros OpCo.
For additional information, see NOTE 10 — Tax Receivable Agreements and NOTE 11 — Income Taxes to the consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Financial Statements Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries that it controls due to ownership of a majority voting interest or pursuant to accounting guidance for non-controlling interests. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Reorganization Transactions described above were accounted for consistent with a combination of entities under common control. As a result, the consolidated financial statements, subsequent to the Reorganization Transactions are prepared “as if” the Dutch Bros OpCo is the accounting predecessor of the Company. The historical operations of Dutch Bros OpCo are deemed to be those of the Company. Thus, the consolidated financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Dutch Bros OpCo prior to the Reorganization Transactions; (ii) the consolidated results of the Company and Dutch Bros OpCo following the Reorganization Transactions; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Dutch Bros OpCo and the Company at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented. No step-up basis of intangible assets or goodwill was recorded.
Use of Estimates
The presentation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, primarily related to long-lived asset valuation, leases, deferred revenue, tax receivable agreements, income taxes, and equity-based compensation that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
The Company has reclassified certain amounts in prior-period financial statements to conform to the current period's presentation. On the consolidated balance sheets, deferred income tax assets have been reclassified from other long-term assets.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all short-term highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase, as well as credit card receivables for sales to customers in company-operated shops that generally settle within two to five business days. The Company’s cash accounts are maintained at various high credit quality financial institutions and may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. The Company categorizes assets and liabilities, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy as set forth below. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 – Inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurements reflecting an entity's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The Company’s consolidated financial statements include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, for which the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term maturity. The fair value of the Company’s variable-rate revolving loan approximates its carrying amount as the Company’s cost of borrowing is variable and approximates current market prices.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, consist primarily of royalty revenues and outstanding balances for sales of roasted coffee beans and other retail-related supplies to franchisees. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on the Company’s historical losses, review of specific accounts, existing economic conditions in the industry, and the financial stability of its customers. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when they are determined by management to be uncollectible. The Company had no allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Inventories
Inventories, net consist primarily of equipment and parts, roasted and unroasted coffee beans, accessories, and other retail related supplies. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with the cost being determined by the standard cost method which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company records inventory reserves for obsolete and slow-moving inventory and for estimated shrinkage between physical inventory counts. Inventory reserves are based on inventory obsolescence trends, historical experience and application of the specific identification method.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 89

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and routine replacements are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major repairs and improvements that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized. When property or equipment is sold or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in income from operations in the accompany consolidated statements of operations. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the following useful lives:
Vehicles
5 - 10 years
Equipment and fixtures
3 - 7 years
Leasehold improvements
5 - 9 years (lesser of the lease terms or useful lives)
Buildings
10 - 20 years
The Company capitalizes costs associated with the acquisition or development of major software for internal use and amortizes the assets over the expected life of the software, generally 3 years. The Company only capitalizes subsequent additions, modifications, or upgrades to internal-use software to the extent that such changes allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. The Company expenses software maintenance and training costs as incurred.
Leases
The Company leases all company-operated shops. At the inception of each lease, the Company determines the appropriate classification for each lease as operating or capital. The Company has estimated that the lease term, including reasonably assured renewal periods, is typically 15 to 20 years.
Operating Leases
Operating leases typically contain escalating rentals over the lease term, as well as optional renewal periods. Rent expense for operating leases is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term and begins when the Company has the right to use the property, which is typically before payments are due under the lease. The difference between rent expense and cash payment is recorded as deferred rent on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Pre-opening rent is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Tenant incentives used to fund leasehold improvements are recorded in deferred rent and amortized as reductions to rent expense over the term of the lease.
Capital Leases
Property under capital leases is stated at the net present value of the related minimum lease payments at lease inception and amortized over the initial lease term.
Sale and Leaseback Transactions
The Company has sale and leaseback transactions that do not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting because of deemed continuing involvement by the Company, which results in the transaction being recorded under the financing method. For additional information, see NOTE 8 — Leases and NOTE 9 — Debt to the consolidated financial statements.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for the acquisition of re-acquired franchises from franchisees using the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The Company allocates the purchase price paid for assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with our acquisition based on their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition. This allocation involves a number of assumptions, estimates, and judgements in determining the fair value of the following:
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intangible assets, including the valuation methodology, estimations of future cash flows, discount rates, market segment growth rates, assumed market share, as well as estimated useful life of intangible assets;
deferred tax assets and liabilities, uncertain tax positions, and tax-related valuation allowances, which are initially estimated as of the acquisition date;
inventory; property and equipment; pre-existing liabilities or legal claims; deferred revenue; and contingent consideration, each as may be applicable; and
goodwill as measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. All goodwill is allocated to our company-operated reporting segment.
Goodwill
The Company reviews the recoverability of goodwill on a reporting unit basis at least annually, as of the end of the Company’s third fiscal quarter, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The annual impairment test includes an option to perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value; the qualitative test may be performed prior to, or as an alternative to, performing a quantitative goodwill impairment test. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then the Company is required to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. Otherwise, no further analysis is required. The quantitative impairment test involves the comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company calculates the fair value of each reporting unit using a discounted cash flows analysis that converts future cash flow amounts into a single discounted present value amount. The Company assesses the valuation methodology based upon the relevance and availability of the data at the time that the valuation is performed. The Company compares the estimate of fair value for the reporting unit to the carrying value of the reporting unit. All company-operated shops are deemed to have similar economic characteristics and are deemed to be one reporting unit. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the financial statement carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. The Company’s assessment of recoverability of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets is performed at the component level, which is generally an individual shop, and requires judgment and an estimate of future undiscounted shop generated cash flows. Estimates of fair values are based on the best information available and require the use of estimates, judgments, and projections. The Company tests for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset (asset group) to the undiscounted cash flows. If the carrying value is not recoverable, the Company would recognize an impairment loss if the carrying value of the asset (asset group) exceeds the fair value.
Revenue Recognition
Consolidated revenues are recognized net of any discounts, returns, allowances and sales incentives. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended, effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method and recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of permanent equity (members’ deficit).
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 91

Company-operated Shops Revenue
Retail sales from company-operated shops and through online channels are recognized at the point in time when the products are sold to the customers. The Company reports revenues net of sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to government taxing authorities.
Loyalty and Gift Card Programs
In February 2021, the Company transitioned from a traditional loyalty program to a digital loyalty program. Under the previous program, a customer earned a “Stamp” for each purchase at a Dutch Bros coffee shop. After accumulating a certain number of Stamps, the customer earned a reward that may be redeemed for free product that, regardless of where the related Stamps were earned, would have been honored at company-operated shops and franchised shop locations. The Company deferred revenue associated with the estimated selling price of Stamps earned by customers towards free product as each Stamp was earned, and a corresponding contract liability was established within loyalty program liability on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The estimated selling price of each Stamp earned was based on the estimated value of the product for which the reward was expected to be redeemed, net of Stamps not expected to be redeemed, based on historical redemption patterns. Stamps did not expire. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in March 2020, the Company discontinued new Stamps. The Company continued to redeem previously earned Stamps through March 2021. In February 2021, the Company developed a new loyalty program in which the customer earns rewards through use of the Company’s mobile app that can be redeemed for free product. The Company defers revenue as rewards are earned under the new loyalty program.
The Company also operates a gift card program and maintains a gift card contract liability for gift cards sold, recognizing revenue from gift cards when a gift card is redeemed. Gift cards do not have an expiration date or a service fee causing a decrement to the customer balance. Based on historical redemptions rates, a portion of gift cards is not expected to be redeemed and will be recognized as breakage over time in proportion to gift card redemptions. The redemption rates are based on historical redemption patterns. Breakage recognized in revenue was as follows for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Gift cards breakage revenue$373 $169 $95 
Franchising Revenue
Franchise royalties are computed as a percentage of net franchise sales in most cases, and as a flat monthly fee in other cases. The royalty fee is charged for continuing support of franchisees for training, marketing, and operations services provided by the Company. These services are highly interrelated and so are not individually distinct performance obligations. As a result, these are accounted as a single performance obligation. Revenue from franchise royalties is recognized on a monthly basis.
The Company receives marketing fees from franchisees which are used to promote the Dutch Bros brand. Contributions are based on a percentage of monthly shop sales. Marketing fees are billed monthly. Marketing fees are recognized as revenue and included in franchising and other revenues, while expenditures are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Expenditures of the funds collected as marketing fees include payments to third parties, personnel expenses, and allocated costs. At each reporting date, to the extent receipts exceed related marketing expenditures on a cumulative basis, the excess fees collected are recorded in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no excess marketing fees recorded in accrued liabilities as cumulative expenditures exceeded contributions.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 92

Revenue from initial franchise fees (franchise fees) are recognized ratably over the term of the franchise agreement, which is generally ten years. Consideration received in advance of performing all significant services is included in initial franchise deposits and recorded as a contract liability. Deferred franchise fees for shops expected to open within a year and one year of amortization of the initial franchise fees are recorded as a contract liability and classified as a current liability.
Other Revenue
Other revenue, including coffee bean sales, Dutch Bros. Blue Rebel beverage sales, accessories and other sales, are recognized on the date of delivery, net of returns. Retail revenues, including retail coffee and other food and beverage sales, are recognized at the date of sale, net of returns. Other revenue consists of sales of products through the Company website and are recognized at the point of time of shipment to customers, net of returns.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue primarily consists of the unredeemed gift card liability, unredeemed stamp card liability from our prior loyalty program, and unredeemed points from our Dutch Rewards loyalty program, as discussed above. Deferred revenue also includes advance customer payments and bean and beverage sales to distributors where the performance obligation has not yet been satisfied as control has not transferred to the customer.
Product and Distribution Costs
Product and distribution costs primarily consist of raw materials, purchased goods and packaging costs as well as operational costs, such as wages and benefits, occupancy costs and depreciation expenses, in support of sourcing, procuring, manufacturing, warehousing and transportation activities of products sold at our company-operated and franchised shops.
Vendor Incentives
The Company has entered into food and beverage supply agreements with certain major vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these arrangements, rebates are provided to the Company from the vendors based upon the dollar value of purchases for company-operated shops and franchised shops. These incentives are recognized as earned throughout the year and are classified as a reduction of cost of sales in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Vendor incentives recognized in cost of sales were as follows for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Vendor incentives$39,085 $25,630 $17,140 
Shop Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of costs incurred in our company-operated shops, primarily wages and benefits related to employees, occupancy costs and other costs that directly support the operation and sales-related activities for those shops.
Shop Pre-opening Expenses
Pre-opening expenses incurred with the opening of new company-operated shops are expensed as incurred. These costs include rent expense, wages, benefits, travel and lodging for the training and opening management teams, and beverage and other shop operating expenses incurred prior to a shop opening for business and are included in cost of sales on the accompanying statements of operations.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 93

General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of wages and benefits, equity-based compensation, professional service fees and occupancy costs for corporate headquarter offices that support our corporate functions, including technology, finance, legal and employee resources.
Advertising Expense
Advertising costs are expensed as they are incurred. Most franchise shops contribute to an advertising fund that the Company manages on behalf of the shops. Under the franchise agreement, the contributions received must be spent on marketing, creative efforts, media support, or other related purposes specified in the agreement. The expenditures are primarily amounts paid to third parties but may also include personnel expenses and allocated costs. Advertising expense was as follows for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Advertising expense$30,652 $18,047 $13,723 
Equity-based Compensation
The Company has granted time-based restricted stock awards (RSAs) to certain officers and employees in connection with the Reorganization Transactions and the IPO, and restricted stock units (RSUs) to directors and certain employees. The RSAs and RSUs are accounted for as equity-classified awards, and are granted at the fair value of the underlying common stock of Dutch Bros Inc. as of the grant date and vest over the requisite service period.
The cost of the RSAs and RSUs is recognized as expense over the grantee’s requisite service period, and forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The Company has not granted performance-based awards under its current equity incentive plan.
Income Taxes
The Company is a corporation and sole managing member of Dutch Bros OpCo which is treated as a partnership for tax purposes. In addition to the Company and Dutch Bros OpCo, Dutch Bros OpCo is the sole member of other single member Dutch Bros OpCo entities disregarded for Federal tax purposes, and one subsidiary organized as a C-Corporation.

For Dutch Bros OpCo, taxable income and the resulting liabilities are allocated among the owners of the entities and reported on the tax filings for those owners. The Company records income tax provision, deferred tax assets, and deferred tax liabilities only for the items for which the Company is responsible for making payments directly to the relevant tax authority.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws expected to be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. Such temporary differences are reflected as deferred income tax assets and deferred tax liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. A deferred tax asset is recognized if it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be realized.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized and, when necessary, a valuation allowance is established. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 94

The Company is required to identify, evaluate and measure all uncertain tax positions taken or to be taken on tax returns and to record liabilities for the amount of these positions that may not be sustained, or may only partially be sustained, upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. Although the Company believes that its estimates and judgments were reasonable, actual results may differ from these estimates. Some or all of these judgments are subject to review by the taxing authorities.
The Company recognizes the tax benefit from entity level uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share of Class A and Class D common stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Dutch Bros Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class D common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A and Class D common stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Dutch Bros Inc., adjusted for the assumed exchange of all potentially dilutive instruments for Class A common stock, by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class D common stock outstanding, adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive elements. Share counts used in the diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations are adjusted for the deemed repurchases provided for in the treasury stock method for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, and under the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible Class B and Class C common stock, if dilutive.
The basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations for the year ended December 31, 2021 represent the post-IPO period from September 14, 2021 to December 31, 2021 only.
Prior to the IPO, the Dutch Bros OpCo membership structure included common units, redeemable common units, and PI units. The Company analyzed the calculation of earnings (loss) per unit for periods prior to the IPO and determined that it resulted in values that would not be meaningful to the users of these consolidated financial statements. Therefore, earnings (loss) per unit information has not been presented for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Updated (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The pronouncement requires lessees to recognize a liability for lease obligations, which represent the discounted obligation to make future minimum lease payments, and a corresponding right-of-use asset on the balance sheet. The guidance requires disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements which are intended to give financial statement users the ability to assess the amount, timing, and potential uncertainty of cash flows related to leases. The Company expects to adopt the requirements of the new lease standard effective January 1, 2022 using the modified transition approach. Management is currently evaluating the provisions of the new lease standard, including optional practical expedients, and assessing the Company’s existing lease portfolio in order to determine the impact to its accounting systems, processes and internal controls over financial reporting. The adoption of ASU 2016-02, as amended, will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets because it will record material right-of-use assets and liabilities for current operating leases. In addition, the Company expects ASU 2016-02, as amended, to have significant additional disclosure requirements.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 95

Based on the Company’s analysis to date, potential accounting, financial reporting and internal controls impacts related to business processes and systems have been identified, and the Company is planning for those changes. In addition, the Company is continuing to review existing vendor contracts for potential embedded leases as well as renewal options and whether exercises of renewal options are reasonably certain. Upon adoption, the Company currently expects to recognize additional operating lease liabilities of approximately $144.9 million to $149.9 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments under current leasing standards for existing operating leases, and right-of-use assets of approximately $142.7 million to $147.7 million, net of reductions for the impacts of deferred rents.
The standard provides several optional practical expedients in transition. The Company expects to elect the package of practical expedients, which permits the Company to not reassess, under the new standard, its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. Additionally, the Company expects to elect the practical expedient related to land easements, and does not expect to elect the practical expedient related to use-of-hindsight. The new standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. Further, the Company expects to elect the short-term lease recognition exemption as well as the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all its leases.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13, as amended, replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For accounts receivable and other financial instruments, the Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. ASU 2016-13, as amended, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Application of the amendments is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The amendments in this update simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing the second step of the two-step impairment test. The amendment requires an entity to perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The amendments in ASU 2017-04 are applied on a prospective basis, and are effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 effective with its 2021 annual assessment, and the adoption had no material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assts and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this update provide specific guidance to address diversity in practice related to (1) recognition of an acquired contract liability, and (2) payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. The amendments in ASU 2021-08 are applied on a prospective basis, and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 96

NOTE 3 — Revenue Recognition
Revenue
The following table disaggregates revenue by major component:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Company-operated shops$403,746 $244,514 $151,543 
Franchising87,465 77,625 79,568 
Other6,665 5,274 7,257 
Total revenues$497,876 $327,413 $238,368 
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue activity related to the Company’s loyalty and gift card programs was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Balance, January 1$10,576 $8,768 
Revenue deferred - card activations and rewards earned161,134 22,165 
Revenue recognized - card and rewards redemptions and breakage(148,945)(20,357)
Balance, December 3122,765 10,576 
Less: current portion(19,843)(9,543)
Deferred revenue, net of current portion, gift card and loyalty programs$2,922 $1,033 
Deferred revenue also includes customer advances and sales to distributors where the performance obligation has not been satisfied and control has not been transferred to the customer as of the reporting date, as well as initial unearned franchise fees from franchisees. These deferred revenues reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Customer advances and outstanding performance obligations$2,512 $2,815 
Initial unearned franchise fees from franchisees2,560 2,547 
Total deferred revenue, excluding gift card and loyalty programs5,072 5,362 
Less: current portion(2,964)(1,649)
Deferred revenue, net of current portion, excluding gift card and loyalty programs$2,108 $3,713 
Revenue recognized from initial unearned franchise fees was as follows for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Earned franchise fees$630 $496 $444 
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 97

Future amortization of initial unearned franchise fees is as follows for the years ending December 31:
(in thousands)
2022$452 
2023396 
2024338 
2025284 
2026240 
Thereafter850 
Total$2,560 
NOTE 4 — Shop Acquisitions
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased the franchise rights and assets of seven shops from two separate franchisees in Washington. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repurchased the franchise rights and assets of five shops from a franchisee in Colorado. The following table summarizes the allocations of the purchase prices to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The 2021 acquisitions are considered preliminary and subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition dates):
As of December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Acquisition consideration:
Purchase price consideration$5,387 $5,094 
Equipment and fixtures178 314 
Building and leasehold improvements1,425 — 
Inventories97 79 
Other assets23 14 
Reacquired franchise rights3,312 3,437 
Other liabilities(95)(96)
Gift card liability(193)(198)
Net assets acquired4,747 3,550 
Goodwill$640 $1,544 
Reacquired franchise rights acquired have weighted-average useful lives of 5.8 and 4.7 years at the time of purchase for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The excess of the purchase price over the aggregate fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill and is attributable to the benefits expected as a result of the acquisitions, including sales and growth opportunities, and is expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is allocated entirely to the Company-operated shops segment.
The fair value measurement of tangible and intangible assets and liabilities as of the acquisition dates is based on significant inputs not observed in the market and thus represents a Level 3 fair value measurement. Fair value measurements for reacquired franchise rights were determined using the income approach. Fair value measurements for property and equipment were determined using the cost approach.
The results of operations for the 2021 acquisitions are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations beginning on the dates of acquisition. Revenues of approximately $5.4 million and net income of approximately $0.2 million are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 98

The following table reflects the unaudited pro forma results of the Company and the seven shops purchased in 2021 as if the acquisitions had taken place as of January 1, 2020:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands; unaudited)20212020
Revenue$501,324 $335,881 
Net income (loss)$(120,867)$6,500 
NOTE 5 — Inventories
Inventories, net consist of the following:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Raw materials$5,549 $5,004 
Finished goods17,796 10,576 
Total inventories$23,345 $15,580 
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, reserves for inventories were $2,126 and $2,240, respectively.
NOTE 6 — Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consists of the following:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)
Useful Life (Years)
20212020
Software3$7,132 $2,995 
Equipment and fixtures3757,952 36,454 
Leasehold improvements5920,744 15,228 
Buildings1020168,395 112,106 
LandN/A5,242 4,211 
Aircraft 1
N/A9,531 13,751 
Construction-in-progress 2
N/A88,050 15,437 
Property and equipment, gross357,046 200,182 
Less: accumulated depreciation(55,048)(34,759)
Property and equipment, net$301,998 $165,423 
_______________
1    Aircraft are depreciated under the consumption method.
2    Construction-in-progress primarily consists of construction and equipment costs for new and existing shops.
Depreciation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Cost of sales$19,023 $11,426 $6,243 
Selling, general and administrative expenses2,663 1,451 1,097 
Total depreciation expense$21,686 $12,877 $7,340 
No impairment charges were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 99

NOTE 7 — Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible Assets
The details of the intangible assets are as follows:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)
20212020
Reacquired franchise rights4.0$25,314 $22,000 
Less: accumulated amortization(14,211)(10,677)
Intangibles, net$11,103 $11,323 
Amortization expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Cost of sales$3,531 $2,660 $2,330 
The estimated future amortization expense of the reacquired franchise rights intangible assets for the five succeeding fiscal years and the aggregate thereafter as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:
(in thousands)
2022$3,393 
20233,054 
20242,187 
20251,232 
2026580 
Thereafter657 
Total $11,103 
Goodwill
Goodwill is allocated entirely to the Company-operated shops segment. The carrying amount and activity of goodwill was as follows:
(in thousands) 
Balance, December 31, 2019$16,531 
Business combinations1,544 
Balance, December 31, 2020$18,075 
Business combinations640 
Balance, December 31, 2021$18,715 

No impairment charges were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 100

NOTE 8 — Leases
As of December 31, 2021, the Company is obligated under multiple building capital leases that expire at various dates through 2036. Capital leases reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Buildings$89,944 $56,283 
Less: accumulated depreciation(10,984)(6,104)
 Capital lease assets, net$78,960 $50,179 
The Company’s capital lease assets are included in Property and Equipment, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Future minimum lease payments under noncancellable operating leases and capital lease obligations were as follows at December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)CapitalOperating
2022$8,824 $12,398 
20238,672 12,002 
20248,743 11,699 
20258,926 11,420 
20269,229 11,297 
Thereafter85,985 125,774 
Total$130,379 $184,590 
Less: imputed interest(47,402) 
Present value of minimum capital lease payments82,977 
Less: current portion(3,389) 
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion$79,588  
Rent expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Rent expense$9,963 $7,999 $5,002 
The Company has sale and leaseback transactions that do not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting because of deemed continuing involvement by the Company, which results in the transaction being recorded under the financing method. Under the financing method, the assets remain on the consolidated balance sheets and the proceeds from the transactions are recorded as a financing liability. A portion of lease payments are applied as payments of deemed principal and imputed interest. The deemed landlord financing liability was $9.9 million and $4.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with the liability included in capital lease obligations in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 101

NOTE 9 — Debt
Secured Credit Facilities
On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a $70.0 million amended secured credit facility (the Credit Facility) consisting of a $40.0 million term loan and a $30.0 million revolving credit facility, which included a $3.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $3.0 million swing-line loan sub-facility. Closing fees of approximately $0.3 million were incurred as a result of this transaction and were amortized over the duration of the facility. Each draw on the term loan had a maturity date of 10 years from the draw down date. The term loans were scheduled to mature through October 2030 and loans made under the revolving credit facility were scheduled to mature on May 16, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, $27.5 million and $15.0 million were outstanding under the term loans and revolving loans, respectively.
On May 12, 2021, the Company entered into a new credit facility (the Senior Secured Credit Facility) with a total capacity of $350.0 million, of which $150.0 million is available for revolving loans and $200.0 million is available for term loans, all of which have a maturity date of May 12, 2026. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes a $30.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $10.0 million swing-line loan sub-facility. Upon entering into the Senior Secured Credit Facility, the Company drew a $25.0 million revolving loan and a $200.0 million term loan, and paid in full and terminated the Credit Facility.
Loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility will mature and all amounts outstanding will be due and payable on May 12, 2026. The principal balance of the term loans amortizes each quarter at a rate between 2.5% and 12.5% per annum. Loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to either the adjusted LIBOR rate or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable spread based on our net lease-adjusted total leverage ratio. Our obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are guaranteed by our subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of our and such subsidiary guarantors’ assets.
The Senior Secured Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us to not exceed a maximum net lease-adjusted total leverage ratio and maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also contains certain negative covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to: incur additional debt; grant liens on assets; sell or dispose of assets; merge with or acquire other companies, or make other investments; liquidate or dissolve ourselves; engage in businesses that are not in a related line of business; and pay dividends or make other distributions.
On September 17, 2021, the Company completed its IPO. Subsequent to the closing of the IPO, the Company paid in full the $198.8 million term loan balance under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, and also expensed in full the related prepaid debt issuance costs of $1.3 million. For additional information related to the IPO, see NOTE 12 — Equity and Stock-Based Compensation to the consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2021, $65.0 million was outstanding on the revolving loans, and no term loans were outstanding. As of December 31, 2021, $85.0 million was available for borrowing on the revolving loans. The revolving loans bear interest at 2.375% as of December 31, 2021, and the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants as of that date.
Financing Lease Payable
In 2021, the Company purchased land and subsequently entered into a sale-leaseback transaction in the principal amount of approximately $1.5 million. The lease obligation bears interest at 1.67% with monthly payments to the lessor over the 20 years lease term from April 5, 2021 through March 1, 2041.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 102

Unsecured Note Payable
In 2017, the Company entered into an unsecured note payable with a former franchisee for a principal balance of approximately $1.0 million which bears interest at a rate of 6% and matures on April 1, 2027.
Long-Term Debt
The Company’s long-term debt consisted of the following for the periods presented:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Terms loans under credit facility$— $27,472 
Finance lease obligation2,978 — 
Note payable628 724 
Total debt3,606 28,196 
Less: loan origination fees— (41)
Less: current portion(103)(3,788)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion$3,503 $24,367 
NOTE 10 — Tax Receivable Agreements
In connection with the Reorganization Transactions and the IPO, the Company entered into (i) the Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement with the holders of Class B common stock and Class C common stock (the Exchange Reorganization Agreement), and (ii) the Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement with the holders of Class D common stock (the Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement and together with the Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement, the Tax Receivable Agreements or TRAs). These TRAs provide for the payment by Dutch Bros Inc. or any member of its affiliated, consolidated, combined, or unitary tax group (collectively, the Dutch Bros Tax Group) to such Pre-IPO Owners of 85.0% of the benefits, if any, the Dutch Bros Tax Group actually realizes, or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances, as a result of certain tax attributes and benefits covered by the Tax Receivable Agreements. The Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement provides for the payment by members of the Dutch Bros Tax Group to certain Pre-IPO Dutch Bros OpCo Unitholders of 85% of the benefits, if any, that the Dutch Bros Tax Group realizes as a result of (i) the Dutch Bros Tax Group’s allocable share of existing tax basis acquired in the IPO and (ii) increases in the Dutch Bros Tax Group’s allocable share of existing tax basis and tax basis adjustments that will increase the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of the Dutch Bros Tax Group as a result of sales or exchanges of OpCo Units for shares of Class A common stock after the IPO, (iii) disproportionate allocations (if any) of tax benefits to Dutch Bros Inc. under section 704(c) of the code as a result of Dutch Bros Inc.’s acquisition of Class A common units from Dutch Bros OpCo and PI unit holders in connection with the IPO and (iv) certain other tax benefits, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Exchange Tax Receivable Agreement. The Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement provides for the payment by Dutch Bros Inc. to the Pre-IPO Blocker Holders of 85% of the benefits, if any, that the Dutch Bros Tax Group realizes as a result of the Dutch Bros Tax Group’s utilization of certain tax attributes of the Blocker Companies (including the Dutch Bros Tax Group’s allocable share of existing tax basis acquired in the Reorganization Transactions), and certain other tax benefits, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Reorganization Tax Receivable Agreement. The Company expects to benefit from the remaining 15% of any cash savings that it realizes.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 103

The Company expects to obtain an increase in its share of the tax basis in the net assets of Dutch Bros OpCo when Dutch Bros OpCo Units are exchanged by Pre-IPO Dutch Bros OpCo Unitholders. The Company intends to treat any redemptions and exchanges of Dutch Bros OpCo Units as direct purchases for U.S. federal income tax purposes. These increases in tax basis may reduce the amounts that it would otherwise pay in the future to various tax authorities. They may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a liability of approximately $109.7 million related to its projected obligations under the TRAs in connection with the Reorganization Transactions and OpCo Units exchanged. TRA-related liabilities are classified as current or non-current based on the expected date of payment and are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets under the captions “Current portion of tax receivable agreements liability” and “Tax receivable agreements liability, net of current portion,” respectively.
NOTE 11 — Income Taxes
The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Current tax provision
Federal$170 $265 $122 
State865 706 31 
Total current tax provision1,035 971 153 
Deferred tax benefit
Federal(2,265)(107)(54)
State(398)(21)(10)
Total deferred tax provision(2,663)(128)(64)
Income tax expense (benefit)$(1,628)$843 $89 
The effective income tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate as explained below:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Income allocable to non-controlling interests not subject to tax(18.4)%(18.7)%(20.7)%
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit(0.8)%10.2 %— %
Net impact of GAAP basis shifts(0.2)%— %— %
Non-deductible compensation(0.2)%— %— %
Tax credits0.3 %— %— %
Other(0.1)%0.3 %— %
Valuation allowance(0.3)%— %— %
Effective income tax rate1.3 %12.8 %0.3 %
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 104

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)20212020
Deferred tax assets
Investment in LLC $148,699 $— 
Net operating loss carryforwards6,163 — 
Interest expense3,007 — 
Credit carryforwards1,142 — 
Other1,315 193 
Total deferred tax assets160,326 193 
Less: valuation allowance(1,295)— 
Net deferred tax assets$159,031 $193 
We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent we believe, based on available evidence, that it is more likely than not that they will be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and recent results of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on its deferred tax asset, primarily related to the Company’s charitable contributions, of which it does not expect to recognize the benefit from in the foreseeable future. The Company had no valuation allowance recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
At December 31, 2021, we had U.S. federal net operating losses of $24.0 million and tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.1 million. Our federal net operating losses do not expire and tax credits will begin to expire in 2038 if not utilized. At December 31, 2021, we have $20.9 million of state tax net operating losses and no state tax credits. Of the state tax net operating losses, $18.9 million will begin to expire in 2033 if not utilized and the remaining $2.0 million do not expire.
Utilization of net operating losses, credit carryforwards, and certain deductions may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. The tax benefits related to future utilization of federal and state net operating losses, tax credit carryforwards, and other deferred tax assets may be limited or lost if cumulative changes in ownership exceeds 50% within any three-year period. Additional limitations on the use of these tax attributes could occur in the event of possible disputes arising in examinations from various taxing authorities.
There were no interest and penalties accrued for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The Company has assessed its tax positions taken and concluded there are no significant uncertain tax positions. The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021 or 2020, that, if recognized, would affect the amount of income tax expense reported.
The Company files returns with the Internal Revenue Service and multiple state jurisdictions, which are subject to examination by the taxing authorities for years 2017 and later. The earlier tax years are subject to examination due to the utilization of net operating losses in recent tax years. None of our federal or state income tax returns are currently under examination by federal or state taxing authorities.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 105

NOTE 12 — Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Amendment and Restatement of Certificate of Incorporation
On September 14, 2021, the Company amended and restated its certificate of incorporation to, among other things, provide for the authorization to issue five classes of stock, designated as follows:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Class of Stock
Authorized Shares
Par Value Per Share
Preferred stock20,000$0.00001
Class A common stock400,000$0.00001
Class B common stock144,000$0.00001
Class C common stock105,000$0.00001
Class D common stock42,000$0.00001

Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, Class B common stockholders are entitled to ten votes per share, and Class C and D common stockholders are entitled to three votes per share. All holders of outstanding shares of common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote, except as otherwise required.
The Company has no current plans to pay dividends on Class A common stock or Class D common stock. Holders of Class B common stock and Class C common stock do not have any right to receive dividends, or to receive a distribution upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company with respect to their Class B common stock and Class C common stock. The declaration, amount, and payment of any future dividends on shares of Class A common stock or Class D common stock will be at the sole discretion of the Company’s board of directors.
The Company must, at all times, maintain a one-to-one ratio between the number of outstanding shares of Class A common stock and the number of Dutch Bros OpCo Units owned by the Company (subject to certain exceptions for treasury shares and shares underlying certain convertible or exchangeable securities).
Initial Public Offering
As described in NOTE 1 — Organization and Nature of Operations, on September 17, 2021, the Company completed its IPO in which it issued and sold approximately 24.2 million shares of Class A common stock (including approximately 3.2 million shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares) at an offering price of $23.00 per share, resulting in proceeds of approximately $520.8 million, net of offering costs. The proceeds were used to purchase approximately 10.9 million newly-issued Class A common units from Dutch Bros OpCo for approximately $234.4 million. The proceeds were also used to purchase approximately 11.7 million Class A common units from the Continuing Members for approximately $253.3 million, and approximately 1.6 million shares of Class D common stock from the Pre-IPO Blocker Holders for approximately $34.4 million.
In connection with the IPO, the Company issued approximately 64.7 million shares of Class B common stock and approximately 49.0 million shares of Class C common stock to the Continuing Members.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 106

LLC Recapitalization
As described in NOTE 1 — Organization and Nature of Operations, on September 14, 2021, the Company amended and restated the Second Limited Liability Company Agreement (the Dutch Bros OpCo Agreement) to, among other things, effect a recapitalization in which (i) the outstanding common units were converted into Class A common units paired with an equal number of either Class B voting units or Class C voting units, and (ii) the outstanding Profits Interest (PI) Units were converted into Class A common units. Subsequent to the amendment and Reorganization Transactions, approximately 152.4 million Dutch Bros OpCo Class A common units were outstanding, of which approximately 6.5% were held by the Company, and the remaining 93.5% were held by the Continuing Members.
Reorganization Transactions
Pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (the Amended Dutch Bros OpCo Agreement) between the Company and the Continuing Members, the Continuing Members have the right, from time to time and subject to the terms of the Amended Dutch Bros OpCo Agreement, to exchange their Class A common units, along with a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock or Class C common stock, for shares of Class A common stock (or cash at the option of the Company which is required to come from a follow-on equity offering) on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications and similar transactions. In connection with any exchange of Class A common units for shares of Class A common stock by a Continuing Member, the number of Class A common units held by the Company is correspondingly increased as it acquires the exchanged Class A common units, and a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock or Class C common stock are canceled.
In connection with the IPO, certain existing holders of Class A common units exercised their exchange rights and exchanged approximately 11.7 million Class A common units for cash. Simultaneously, and in connection with these exchanges, approximately 6.7 million shares of Class B common stock and approximately 5.1 million shares of Class C common stock were surrendered by Class A common units holders and canceled. Additionally, in connection with these exchanges, the Company received approximately 11.7 million Class A common units, increasing its total ownership interest in Dutch Bros OpCo.
As a result of the above transactions, as of December 31, 2021:
Holders of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class D common stock owned approximately 34.4 million shares and 15.4 million shares, respectively, representing a combined 9.2% of the voting power in the Company and, through the Company, approximately 49.9 million Class A common units representing 30.5% of the economic interest in Dutch Bros OpCo; and
the Continuing Members collectively owned approximately 113.7 million Class A common units, representing 69.5% of the economic interest in the Dutch Bros OpCo, approximately 64.7 million shares of the Company’s Class B common stock, and approximately 49.0 million shares of the Company’s Class C common stock, representing a combined 90.8% of the voting power in the Company.
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
In August 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (the Board) adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2021 Plan), and the stockholders approved the 2021 Plan, effective upon the execution of the underwriting agreement for the Company’s IPO. The 2021 Plan provides for potential grants of the following awards with respect to shares of the Company’s Class A common stock: (i) incentive stock options (ISOs) qualified as such under U.S. federal income tax laws; (ii) non-qualified stock options (NSOs); (iii) stock appreciation rights; (iv) restricted stock awards; (v) restricted stock units; (vi) performance-based awards, and (vii) other awards as determined by the compensation committee of the Board or any properly delegated subcommittee.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 107

The maximum aggregate number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2021 Plan shall not exceed approximately 17.0 million shares. The number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2022, and continuing through and including January 1, 2031, by (i) 1% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock of all classes issued and outstanding on December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year, or (ii) a lesser number of shares determined by the Board prior to the applicable January 1. The maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs under the 2021 Plan is approximately 51.1 million shares. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 6.3 million shares were available for new grants.
In connection with the Reorganization Transactions and the IPO, approximately 0.8 million PI Units held directly by employees of the Company were converted into approximately 9.8 million RSAs, based on their respective participation thresholds and the IPO price of $23.00 per share. As of the IPO date, approximately 5.8 million of the total 9.8 million RSAs were vested, including approximately 3.4 million performance-based RSAs, which resulted in the Company incurring incremental stock-based compensation expense of approximately $78.6 million. The remaining 4.0 million unvested time-based RSAs issued upon the conversion remain, in general, subject to the same service vesting requirements of the original PI Units.
Profits Interest Units
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had granted approximately 0.8 million PI Units, net of forfeitures, to key employees in accordance with the OpCo’s Limited Liability Company Agreement. The PI Units were liability-classified given their history of cash settlement upon grantee employment termination. As of December 31, 2020, the PI Units liability was approximately $41.8 million on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had equity-based compensation awards outstanding consisting of RSAs and RSUs.
Unless indicated otherwise, the equity-based compensation awards described below are subject to time-based service requirements. The service vesting condition is currently over three years on a straight-line basis.
Restricted Stock Awards
Activity for the Company’s RSAs was as follows:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)Restricted Stock AwardsWeighted-average grant date fair value per share
Balance, December 31, 2020 — $— 
Effect of Reorganization Transactions and IPO 9,834 23.00 
Vested (5,834)23.00 
Balance, December 31, 2021 4,000 $23.00 
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 108

Restricted Stock Units
Activity for the Company’s RSUs was as follows:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)Restricted Stock UnitsWeighted-average grant date fair value per share
Balance, December 31, 2020 — $— 
Effect of Reorganization Transactions and IPO 1,189 43.55 
Vested (593)43.55 
Balance, December 31, 2021596 $43.55 
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the total fair value of RSAs and RSUs vested was approximately $134.2 million and $25.8 million, respectively.
Equity-Based Compensation
Equity-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Selling, general and administrative expenses$157,716 $35,087 $6,758 
As of December 31, 2021, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to unvested stock awards was $79.3 million, which will be recognized as follows:
(in thousands)
2022 $39,381 
2023 39,261 
2024 660 
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$79,302 
NOTE 13 — Employee Benefit Plans
The Company established a 401(k) profit-sharing plan that covers substantially all employees of the Company having completed one year of employment and who are 21 years of age. Contributions to the plan are determined by each participant and are made through the Company, which contributes a portion of each participant’s compensation by the means of an elective deferral. The Company matches 100% of employee contributions, up to 4% of eligible compensation deferred to the plan. The total employer contributions to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were approximately $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 109

NOTE 14 — Non-Controlling Interests
The Company is the sole managing member of Dutch Bros OpCo, and, as a result, consolidates the financial results of Dutch Bros OpCo. The Company reports a non-controlling interest representing the economic interest in the Dutch Bros OpCo held by the other members of Dutch Bros OpCo. The Dutch Bros OpCo Agreement provides that holders of OpCo Units may, from time to time, require Dutch Bros OpCo to redeem all or a portion of its OpCo Units for newly-issued shares of Class A common shares on a one-for-one basis. In connection with any redemption or exchange, the Company will receive a corresponding number of OpCo Units, increasing the Company’s total ownership in Dutch Bros OpCo. Changes in the Company’s ownership in Dutch Bros OpCo, while the Company retains its controlling interest in Dutch Bros OpCo, will be accounted for as equity transactions. As such, future redemptions or direct exchanges of OpCo Units in Dutch Bros OpCo by the other members of Dutch Bros OpCo will result in a change in ownership and reduce the amount recorded as non-controlling interest and increase additional paid-in-capital.
On September 17, 2021, the Company completed its IPO of approximately 24.2 million shares of new Class A common shares, resulting in approximately $520.8 million of proceeds, net of offering costs. The proceeds were used to purchase approximately 10.9 million newly-issued Class A common units from Dutch Bros OpCo for approximately $234.4 million. The proceeds were also used to purchase approximately 11.7 million Class A common units from the Continuing Members for approximately $253.3 million, and approximately 1.6 million shares of Class D common stock from the Pre-IPO Blocker Holders for approximately $34.4 million.

The following table summarizes the ownership interest in Dutch Bros OpCo as of December 31, 2021:
December 31, 2021
(in thousands)OpCo UnitsOwnership %
Class A common units held by Dutch Bros Inc.1
49,874 30.5 %
Class A common units held by non-controlling interest holders113,705 69.5 %
Total Class A common units outstanding163,579 100.0 %
_________________
1    Includes approximately 4.0 million common units related to unvested restricted stock awards held by former Profits Interest Units holders. These common units are excluded from non-controlling interest calculations.
The weighted-average ownership percentage for the applicable reporting period is used to attribute net income (loss) to Dutch Bros Inc. and the non-controlling interest holders. The non-controlling interest holders’ weighted-average ownership percentage for the period from the September 15, 2021 IPO date to December 31, 2021 was 71.3%.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 110

The following table summarizes the effect of changes in ownership of Dutch Bros OpCo on the Company’s equity:
(in thousands)Year Ended December 31, 2021
Net loss attributable to Dutch Bros Inc.$(12,914)
Transfers to non-controlling interests:
Decrease in additional paid-in capital as a result of the Reorganization Transactions(196,515)
Decrease in additional paid-in capital as a result of the purchase of Dutch Bros OpCo common units(239,622)
Change from net loss attributable to Dutch Bros Inc. and transfers to
non-controlling interests
$(449,051)
NOTE 15 — Loss Per Share
Basic loss per share of Class A and Class D common stock is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Dutch Bros Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class D common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share of Class A and Class D common stock is computed by dividing loss attributable to Dutch Bros Inc., adjusted for the assumed exchange of all potentially dilutive instruments for Class A common stock, by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class D common stock outstanding, adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive elements. Share counts used in the diluted loss per share calculations are adjusted for the deemed repurchases provided for in the treasury stock method for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, and under the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible Class B and Class C common stock.
The basic and diluted loss per share calculations for the year ended December 31, 2021 represent the post-IPO period from September 14, 2021 to December 31, 2021 only.
Prior to the IPO, the Dutch Bros OpCo membership structure included common units, redeemable common units, and PI units. The Company analyzed the calculation of earnings per unit for periods prior to the IPO and determined that it resulted in values that would not be meaningful to the users of these consolidated financial statements. Therefore, earnings per unit information has not been presented for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
The following table sets forth reconciliations of the numerators and denominators used to compute basic and diluted loss per share of Class A and Class D common stock for the year ended December 31, 2021. The basic and diluted loss per share period for the year ended December 31, 2021 reflects only the period from September 14, 2021 to December 31, 2021, which represents the period from the IPO date during which the Company had outstanding Class A and Class D common stock.
(in thousands)Year Ended December 31, 2021
Numerator:
Net loss$(119,977)
Less: net loss attributable to Dutch Bros OpCo before Reorganization Transactions(68,602)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests(38,461)
Net loss attributable to Dutch Bros Inc.$(12,914)
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 111

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of Class A and Class D common stock:
(in thousands, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2021
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to Dutch Bros Inc.$(12,914)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class D common stock outstanding - basic45,864 
Dilutive effect of restricted stock awards— 
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units— 
Weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class D common stock outstanding - diluted45,864 
Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders$(0.28)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders$(0.28)
Shares of the Company’s Class B and Class C common stock do not participate in the earnings or losses of Dutch Bros Inc. and are therefore not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted loss per share of Class B and Class C common stock under the two-class method has not been presented. In addition, the Company has not included the effects of conversion of Class B and Class C common stock to Class A common stock in the diluted loss per share calculation using the if-converted method, because doing so has no impact on diluted loss per share.
The following common stock equivalents were excluded from diluted loss per share in the period presented because they were anti-dilutive.
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Restricted stock awards4,000 
Restricted stock units595 
Total anti-dilutive securities4,595 
NOTE 16 — Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Obligations
The Company enters into fixed-price and price-to-be fixed green coffee purchase commitments. For both fixed-price and price-to-be fixed purchase commitments, the Company expects to take delivery of green coffee and to utilize the coffee in a reasonable period of time in the ordinary course of business. Such contracts are used in the normal purchases of green coffee and not for speculative purposes. The Company does not enter into futures contracts or other derivative instruments.
Guarantees
The Company periodically provides guarantees to franchisees for lease payments. Annually, the Company determines if a liability needs to be recorded related to these guarantees. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has guaranteed approximately $1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, in franchisee lease payments and has not established a liability for these guarantees as any liability arising from the guarantees is not material to the consolidated financial statements.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 112

Legal Proceedings
The Company is a party to legal actions arising in the ordinary course of its business. These claims, legal proceedings and litigation principally arise from alleged casualty, employment, and other disputes. In determining loss contingencies, the Company considers the likelihood of loss as well as the ability to reasonably estimate the amount of such loss or liability. An estimated loss is recognized when it is considered probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. While any claim, proceeding or litigation has an element of uncertainty, the Company believes the outcome of any of these that are pending or threatened will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
NOTE 17 — Related Party Transactions
The Company’s donations to Dutch Bros Foundation, a not-for-profit founded by the Company that provides philanthropy to coffee farmers and local communities and for which the Company’s Chief Executive Officer serves on the board of directors, was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Donations to Dutch Bros Foundation$10,546 $5,848 $1,500 
In July 2021, an entity affiliated with our Co-Founder purchased an aircraft from a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dutch Bros OpCo for a purchase price of approximately $0.9 million, which is an amount based on our determination of the market value of the aircraft at the time of purchase.
NOTE 18 — Segment Reporting
Segment information is prepared on the same basis that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (CODM), manages the segments, evaluates financial results and makes key operating decisions. The Company’s CEO evaluates the financial performance of the Company based on two operating segments: Company-operated shops and Franchising and other. The Company-operated shops segment includes coffee shop sales to customers. The Franchising and other segment includes bean and product sales to franchisees and includes the initial franchise fees, royalties, and marketing fees.
The CODM reviews segment performance and allocates resources based upon segment contribution, which is defined as segment gross profit before depreciation and amortization.
All segment revenue is earned in the United States, and there are no intersegment revenues. As the CODM is not provided with asset information by segment, assets are reported only on a consolidated basis.
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of the Company’s unallocated corporate expenses. Unallocated corporate expenses include corporate administrative functions that support the segments but are not directly attributable to or managed by any segment and are not included in the reported financial results of the segments.
No changes have been made to the Company’s segments during the year ended December 31, 2021.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 113

Financial information for the Company’s reportable segments was as follows for the periods presented:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Revenues:
Company-operated shops$403,746 $244,514 $151,543 
Franchising and other94,130 82,899 86,825 
Total revenues497,876 327,413 238,368 
Cost of sales:
Company-operated shops318,563 184,146 125,244 
Franchising and other27,550 27,513 17,063 
Total cost of sales346,113 211,659 142,307 
Segment contribution:
Company-operated shops101,474 70,105 33,795 
Franchising and other72,843 59,735 70,839 
Total segment contribution$174,317 $129,840 $104,634 
Depreciation and amortization:
Company-operated shops16,291 9,737 7,496 
Franchising and other6,263 4,349 1,077 
Total depreciation and amortization22,554 14,086 8,573 
Selling, general and administrative(265,035)(105,087)(65,764)
Interest expense, net(7,093)(3,736)(2,346)
Other income (expense), net(1,240)(363)524 
Income (loss) before income taxes$(121,605)$6,568 $28,475 
No customer represents 10% or more of total accounts receivable or revenues as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
NOTE 19 — Subsequent Events
Senior Secured Credit Facility
On February 28, 2022 (the Effective Date) the Company amended its Senior Secured Credit Facility with JPMorgan Chase, N.A. The new facility (the 2022 Credit Facility) has a total capacity of $500 million, consisting of a $250 million revolving credit facility, a term loan facility of up to $100 million, and a delayed draw term loan facility of up to $150 million. The revolving credit facility includes sub-limits for issuance of letters of credit and swing line loans of up to $50 million and $15 million, respectively. It also contains an option allowing the Company to increase the size of the 2022 Credit Facility by up to an additional $150 million, with the agreement of the committing lenders. The 2022 Credit Facility expires five years after the Effective Date.
Upon entering into the 2022 Credit Facility, the Company drew $100 million in term loans and approximately $30 million in revolving loans, and the existing credit facility was repaid and terminated.
Interest on borrowings under the 2022 Credit Facility is based on (a) the Alternate Base Rate plus an applicable margin, or (b) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus an applicable margin, and is payable in accordance with the selected interest rate period (at least quarterly) and upon maturity. Principal payments for the term loans are required on a quarterly basis in accordance with an amortization schedule and upon certain disposition of assets.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 114

Obligations under the 2022 Credit Facility are guaranteed by Dutch Bros OpCo and its subsidiaries, and secured by a first priority perfected security interest in substantially all of the assets of the guarantors.
Acquisition
On March 1, 2022, the Company purchased the franchise rights and assets of five shops in California from a franchisee for approximately $6.3 million. The allocation of the purchase price consideration to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is not yet finalized.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 115

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)) to determine whether such disclosure controls and procedures provide reasonable assurance that information to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures were developed through a process in which our management applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and procedures, which, by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the control objectives.
As previously reported, in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, our management and auditors determined that a material weakness existed in our internal control over financial reporting due to limited accounting department personnel capable of appropriately accounting for complex transactions undertaken by our Company. Additionally, there were insufficient controls over the review and approval of manual journal entries, including appropriate segregation of duties. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. While we continue to take remediation steps, including hiring additional personnel subsequent to December 31, 2020, we have not concluded that the material weakness has been remediated as of December 31, 2021, and therefore have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2021.
Remediation Efforts to Address the Material Weakness
The following remedial actions have been taken during the year ended December 31, 2021:
Hired additional full-time accounting subject matter experts with appropriate levels of experience, and augmented skills gaps with external experts;
Reallocated responsibilities across the accounting organization to ensure level of knowledge and experience is applied based on risk and complexity of transactions and tasks under review, as well as establish an appropriate segregation of duties;
Engaged a professional accounting services firm for technical support in critical areas regarding pronouncements and standards; and
Established procedures to document review of manual journal entries and are in the process of implementing applications controls within the accounting system to ensure proper segregation of duties.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 116

While we have made significant progress in our remediation, we are in the process of implementing the necessary business processes, systems, and related internal controls that are essential to satisfy the accounting and financial reporting requirements of a public company. Additional time is required to complete the assessment to ensure the sustainability of these procedures. We believe the above actions will be effective in remediating the material weakness described above. However, the material weakness cannot be considered remediated until the applicable remedial controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. As such, we were unable to conclude that the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting had been remediated as of December 31, 2021, and therefore have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2021.
Notwithstanding the identified material weakness, management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
This Form 10-K does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Internal Control
Control systems, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control systems’ objectives are being met. Further, the design of any control systems must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of all controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Control systems can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based, in part, on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business, but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 117

PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information regarding our executive officers is included in “Information about our Executive Officers” section in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-K.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our officers, directors, and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller, or persons performing similar functions, which is posted on our website. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is a “code of ethics,” as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. We will make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions for our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website. The information contained on, or accessible from, our website is not part of this Form 10-K by reference or otherwise.
The remaining information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (the 2022 Proxy Statement) and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item will be included in the “Executive Compensation” section of the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item will be included in the “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” section of the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item will be included in the “Transactions with Related Persons” section of the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Our independent registered public accounting firm is:
Firm name: KPMG, LLP
Firm location: Portland, Oregon
Auditor Firm ID: 185
The information required by this item will be included in the “Audit and Related Fees” section of the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 118

PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Exhibits.
The following exhibits are included herein or incorporated herein by reference:
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit NumberDescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling DateFiled Herewith
3.18-K001-407983.1September 17, 2021
3.28-K001-407983.2September 17, 2021
4.1S-1/A333-2589884.1September 7, 2021
10.18-K001-4079810.1September 17, 2021
10.28-K001-4079810.2September 17, 2021
10.38-K001-4079810.3September 17, 2021
10.48-K001-4079810.4September 17, 2021
10.58-K001-4079810.5September 17, 2021
10.6S-1333-25898810.2August 20, 2021
10.7†S-8333-25961899.1September 17, 2021
10.8†S-1/A333-25898810.8September 7, 2021
10.9†S-1/A333-25898810.9September 7, 2021
10.10†S-1/A333-25898810.10September 7, 2021
10.11†8-K001-4079810.1December 1, 2021
10.12†8-K001-4079810.2December 1, 2021
10.13†8-K001-4079810.1December 15, 2021
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 119

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit NumberDescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling DateFiled Herewith
10.14†X
10.15†X
10.16X
21.1X
23.1X
24.1X
31.1X
31.2X
32.1*X
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.X
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.X
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.X
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.X
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.X
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.X
104
Cover Page with Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).
X
_______________________
†    Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
*    The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 120

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 121

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
DUTCH BROS INC.
March 11, 2022By:/s/ JONATHAN RICCI
Date Jonathan Ricci
 Chief Executive Officer and President
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jonathan Ricci and Charles L. Jemley, and each one of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or his, her or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ JONATHAN RICCIChief Executive Officer, President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
March 11, 2022
Jonathan Ricci
/s/ TRAVIS BOERSMAExecutive ChairmanMarch 11, 2022
Travis Boersma
/s/ CHARLES L. JEMLEYChief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
March 11, 2022
Charles L. Jemley
/s/ SHELLEY BROADERDirectorMarch 11, 2022
Shelley Broader
/s/ THOMAS DAVISDirectorMarch 11, 2022
Thomas Davis
/s/ CHARLES ESSERMANDirectorMarch 11, 2022
Charles Esserman
/s/ KATHRYN GEORGEDirectorMarch 11, 2022
Kathryn George
/s/ STEPHEN GILLETTDirectorMarch 11, 2022
Stephen Gillett
/s/ BLYTHE JACKDirectorMarch 11, 2022
Blythe Jack
bros-20211231_g2.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Form 10-K | 122
257043017 v2 November 23, 2021 John Graham VIA EMAIL/DOCUSIGN Dear John, You are currently employed as Chief Marketing Officer of DB Management Co. (the “Company”), wholly-owned subsidiary of Dutch Mafia, LLC. This letter sets forth the terms and conditions of your employment by the Company, including the provision of services to Dutch Mafia, LLC and its affiliated entities, including Dutch Bros Inc, with such terms to be effective as of November 1, 2021. The terms set forth in this letter agreement shall supersede and replace, in entirety, the terms set forth in your offer letter dated July 10, 2020. 1. POSITION. You are serving in a full-time capacity as Chief Marketing Officer of the Company and Dutch Bros Inc. In this role, you report to the Chief Executive Officer. You are currently working out of Florida. Subject to the other provisions of this letter agreement, we may change your position, duties, and work location from time to time at our discretion. 2. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. As a regular employee of the Company, you are eligible to participate in the Company’s standard benefits, subject to the terms and conditions of such plans and programs. Subject to the other provisions of this letter agreement, we may change compensation and benefits from time to time at our discretion. 3. SALARY. Your annual base salary is $500,000, less deductions and withholdings, payable in semi-monthly installments in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll practices for salaried employees. This salary will be subject to adjustment pursuant to the Company’s employee compensation policies in effect from time to time. 4. BONUS. You are eligible for annual incentive bonus compensation equal to $250,000. Your bonus will be paid to you in the form of equal semi-monthly payments, subject to deductions and withholdings. 5. EQUITY. You have been granted various equity interests in Dutch Bros. Inc. Those equity interests shall continue to be governed in all respects by the terms of the applicable equity agreements, grant notices and equity plans. 6. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND INVENTIONS AGREEMENT. You are required, as a condition of your continuing employment, to execute the Employee Confidential Information and Inventions Assignment Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A. 7. PERIOD OF EMPLOYMENT. Your employment remains “at will,” meaning that either you or the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) may terminate your employment at any time and for any reason, with or without cause. This remains the full and complete agreement between you and the Company (and any of its affiliated entities) on this term. Although your job duties, title, compensation and benefits, as well as the Company’s personnel policies and procedures, DocuSign Envelope ID: 91092997-88D2-42A9-922E-23A75D16417F


 
257043017 v2 may change from time to time, the “at will” nature of your employment may only be changed in an express written agreement signed by you and a duly authorized member of the Board of Directors of Dutch Bros Inc. 8. SEVERANCE. You will be eligible for severance benefits under the terms and conditions of the Dutch Bros Inc. Amended and Restated Severance and Change in Control Plan. 9. AMENDMENT. This letter agreement (except for terms reserved to the Company’s discretion) may not be amended or modified except by an express written agreement signed by you and a duly member of the Board of Directors of Dutch Bros Inc. 10. ARBITRATION. To ensure the rapid and economical resolution of disputes that may arise in connection with your employment with the Company or the services you provide to the Company’s affiliated entities, you and the Company (together with all of its affiliated entities) agree that any and all disputes, claims, or causes of action, in law or equity, including but not limited to statutory claims, arising from or relating to the enforcement, breach, performance, or interpretation of this agreement, your employment with the Company or the services you provide to the Company’s affiliated entities, or the termination of your employment, shall be resolved pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1-16, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by final, binding and confidential arbitration conducted by JAMS or its successor, under JAMS’ then applicable rules and procedures for employment disputes before a single arbitrator (available upon request and also currently available at http://www.jamsadr.com/rules- employment-arbitration/). You acknowledge that by agreeing to this arbitration procedure, both you and the Company waive the right to resolve any such dispute through a trial by jury or judge or administrative proceeding. In addition, all claims, disputes, or causes of action under this section, whether by you or the Company, must be brought in an individual capacity, and shall not be brought as a plaintiff (or claimant) or class member in any purported class or representative proceeding, nor joined or consolidated with the claims of any other person or entity. The arbitrator may not consolidate the claims of more than one person or entity, and may not preside over any form of representative or class proceeding. To the extent that the preceding sentences regarding class claims or proceedings are found to violate applicable law or are otherwise found unenforceable, any claim(s) alleged or brought on behalf of a class shall proceed in a court of law rather than by arbitration. This paragraph shall not apply to any action or claim that cannot be subject to mandatory arbitration as a matter of law (collectively, the “Excluded Claims”). In the event you intend to bring multiple claims, including one of the Excluded Claims listed above, the Excluded Claims may be filed with a court, while any other claims will remain subject to mandatory arbitration. You will have the right to be represented by legal counsel at any arbitration proceeding. Questions of whether a claim is subject to arbitration under this agreement shall be decided by the arbitrator. Likewise, procedural questions which grow out of the dispute and bear on the final disposition are also matters for the arbitrator. The arbitrator shall: (a) have the authority to compel adequate discovery for the resolution of the dispute and to award such relief as would otherwise be permitted by law; and (b) issue a written statement signed by the arbitrator regarding the disposition of each claim and the relief, if any, awarded as to each claim, the reasons for the award, and the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions on which the award is based. The arbitrator shall be authorized to award all relief that you or the Company would be entitled to seek in a court of law. The Company shall pay all JAMS arbitration fees in excess of the administrative fees that you would be required to pay if DocuSign Envelope ID: 91092997-88D2-42A9-922E-23A75D16417F


 
257043017 v2 the dispute were decided in a court of law. Nothing in this letter agreement is intended to prevent either you or the Company from obtaining injunctive relief in court to prevent irreparable harm pending the conclusion of any such arbitration. Any awards or orders in such arbitrations may be entered and enforced as judgments in the federal and state courts of any competent jurisdiction. * * * This letter, together with your Employee Confidential Information and Inventions Assignment Agreement, equity agreements and other agreements referenced herein, forms the complete and exclusive statement of your employment agreement with the Company and its affiliated entities, and supersedes any other agreements or promises made to you by anyone, whether oral or written, with respect to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this offer letter agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination shall not affect any other provision of this offer letter agreement and the provision in question shall be modified so as to be rendered enforceable in a manner consistent with the intent of the parties insofar as possible under applicable law. This letter may be delivered and executed via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or other applicable law) or other transmission method and shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and executed and be valid and effective for all purposes. Please sign and date this letter below to indicate your agreement with its terms. Sincerely, Jonathan Ricci, Chief Executive Officer ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO: John Graham Dated: __________________________ DocuSign Envelope ID: 91092997-88D2-42A9-922E-23A75D16417F 11/29/2021 | 8:13 AM PST


 
257042430 v2 November 23, 2021 Brian Maxwell VIA EMAIL/DOCUSIGN Dear Brian, You are currently employed as Chief Operating Officer of DB Management Co. (the “Company”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dutch Mafia, LLC. This letter sets forth the terms and conditions of your employment by the Company, including the provision of services to Dutch Mafia, LLC and its affiliated entities, including Dutch Bros Inc., with such terms to be effective as of November 1, 2021. 1. POSITION. You are serving in a full-time capacity as Chief Operating Officer of the Company and Dutch Bros Inc. In this role, you report to the Chief Executive Officer. You are currently working out of our facility located in Oregon. Subject to the other provisions of this letter agreement, we may change your position, duties, and work location from time to time at our discretion. 2. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. As a regular employee of the Company, you are eligible to participate in the Company’s standard benefits, subject to the terms and conditions of such plans and programs. You are also being provided with a Company-owned car for your business use (subject to taxes as applicable). Subject to the other provisions of this letter agreement, we may change compensation and benefits from time to time at our discretion. 3. SALARY. Your annual base salary is $593,182.55, less deductions and withholdings, payable in semi-monthly installments in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll practices for salaried employees. This salary will be subject to adjustment pursuant to the Company’s employee compensation policies in effect from time to time. 4. EQUITY. You have been granted various equity interests in Dutch Bros. Inc. Those equity interests shall continue to be governed in all respects by the terms of the applicable equity agreements, grant notices and equity plans. 5. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND INVENTIONS AGREEMENT. You are required, as a condition of your continuing employment, to execute the Employee Confidential Information and Inventions Assignment Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A. 6. PERIOD OF EMPLOYMENT. Your employment remains “at will,” meaning that either you or the Company (or any of its affiliated entities) may terminate your employment at any time and for any reason, with or without cause. This remains the full and complete agreement between you and the Company (and any of its affiliated entities) on this term. Although your job duties, title, compensation and benefits, as well as the Company’s personnel policies and procedures, may change from time to time, the “at will” nature of your employment may only be changed in an express written agreement signed by you and a duly authorized member of the Board of Directors of Dutch Bros Inc. DocuSign Envelope ID: 7307FDF1-4000-4234-9B37-16172E8C0938


 
257042430 v2 7. SEVERANCE. You will be eligible for severance benefits under the terms and conditions of the Dutch Bros Inc. Amended and Restated Severance and Change in Control Plan. 8. AMENDMENT. This letter agreement (except for terms reserved to the Company’s discretion) may not be amended or modified except by an express written agreement signed by you and a duly member of the Board of Directors of Dutch Bros Inc. 9. ARBITRATION. To ensure the rapid and economical resolution of disputes that may arise in connection with your employment with the Company or the services you provide to the Company’s affiliated entities, you and the Company (together with all of its affiliated entities) agree that any and all disputes, claims, or causes of action, in law or equity, including but not limited to statutory claims, arising from or relating to the enforcement, breach, performance, or interpretation of this agreement, your employment with the Company or the services you provide to the Company’s affiliated entities, or the termination of your employment, shall be resolved pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1-16, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by final, binding and confidential arbitration conducted by JAMS or its successor, under JAMS’ then applicable rules and procedures for employment disputes before a single arbitrator (available upon request and also currently available at http://www.jamsadr.com/rules- employment-arbitration/). You acknowledge that by agreeing to this arbitration procedure, both you and the Company waive the right to resolve any such dispute through a trial by jury or judge or administrative proceeding. In addition, all claims, disputes, or causes of action under this section, whether by you or the Company, must be brought in an individual capacity, and shall not be brought as a plaintiff (or claimant) or class member in any purported class or representative proceeding, nor joined or consolidated with the claims of any other person or entity. The arbitrator may not consolidate the claims of more than one person or entity, and may not preside over any form of representative or class proceeding. To the extent that the preceding sentences regarding class claims or proceedings are found to violate applicable law or are otherwise found unenforceable, any claim(s) alleged or brought on behalf of a class shall proceed in a court of law rather than by arbitration. This paragraph shall not apply to any action or claim that cannot be subject to mandatory arbitration as a matter of law (collectively, the “Excluded Claims”). In the event you intend to bring multiple claims, including one of the Excluded Claims listed above, the Excluded Claims may be filed with a court, while any other claims will remain subject to mandatory arbitration. You will have the right to be represented by legal counsel at any arbitration proceeding. Questions of whether a claim is subject to arbitration under this agreement shall be decided by the arbitrator. Likewise, procedural questions which grow out of the dispute and bear on the final disposition are also matters for the arbitrator. The arbitrator shall: (a) have the authority to compel adequate discovery for the resolution of the dispute and to award such relief as would otherwise be permitted by law; and (b) issue a written statement signed by the arbitrator regarding the disposition of each claim and the relief, if any, awarded as to each claim, the reasons for the award, and the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions on which the award is based. The arbitrator shall be authorized to award all relief that you or the Company would be entitled to seek in a court of law. The Company shall pay all JAMS arbitration fees in excess of the administrative fees that you would be required to pay if the dispute were decided in a court of law. Nothing in this letter agreement is intended to prevent either you or the Company from obtaining injunctive relief in court to prevent irreparable harm pending the conclusion of any such arbitration. Any awards or orders in such arbitrations may DocuSign Envelope ID: 7307FDF1-4000-4234-9B37-16172E8C0938


 
257042430 v2 be entered and enforced as judgments in the federal and state courts of any competent jurisdiction. * * * This letter, together with your Employee Confidential Information and Inventions Assignment Agreement, equity agreements and other agreements referenced herein, forms the complete and exclusive statement of your employment agreement with the Company and its affiliated entities, and supersedes any other agreements or promises made to you by anyone, whether oral or written, with respect to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this offer letter agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination shall not affect any other provision of this offer letter agreement and the provision in question shall be modified so as to be rendered enforceable in a manner consistent with the intent of the parties insofar as possible under applicable law. This letter may be delivered and executed via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or other applicable law) or other transmission method and shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and executed and be valid and effective for all purposes. Please sign and date this letter below to indicate your agreement with its terms. Sincerely, Jonathan Ricci, Chief Executive Officer ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO: Brian Maxwell Dated: __________________________ DocuSign Envelope ID: 7307FDF1-4000-4234-9B37-16172E8C0938 11/23/2021 | 12:40 PM PST


 
Execution Version 746154515.7 AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT dated as of February 28, 2022 among DUTCH BROS., LLC, DB MANAGEMENT CO., DB FRANCHISING USA, LLC and BOERSMA BROS. LLC, as Borrowers, The Other Loan Parties Party Hereto, The Lenders Party Hereto and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Administrative Agent ___________________________ JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. and BOFA SECURITIES, INC., as Joint Bookrunners and Joint Lead Arrangers BOFA SECURITIES, INC., as Syndication Agent MUFG BANK, LTD and CAPITAL ONE, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Co-Documentation Agents


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 746154515.7 i ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................... 1 SECTION 1.01 Defined Terms. ......................................................................................... 1 SECTION 1.02 Classification of Loans and Borrowings. ............................................... 35 SECTION 1.03 Terms Generally. .................................................................................... 35 SECTION 1.04 Accounting Terms; GAAP. .................................................................... 36 SECTION 1.05 Interest Rates; Benchmark Notifications. .............................................. 36 SECTION 1.06 Pro Forma Adjustments for Acquisitions and Dispositions. .................. 37 SECTION 1.07 Status of Obligations. ............................................................................. 37 SECTION 1.08 Letters of Credit. .................................................................................... 37 SECTION 1.09 Divisions. ............................................................................................... 38 SECTION 1.10 Rounding. ............................................................................................... 38 ARTICLE II THE CREDITS....................................................................................................... 38 SECTION 2.01 Commitments. ........................................................................................ 38 SECTION 2.02 Loans and Borrowings. .......................................................................... 38 SECTION 2.03 Requests for Borrowings. ....................................................................... 39 SECTION 2.04 [Reserved]. ............................................................................................. 40 SECTION 2.05 Swingline Loans. .................................................................................... 40 SECTION 2.06 Letters of Credit. .................................................................................... 41 SECTION 2.07 Funding of Borrowings. ......................................................................... 46 SECTION 2.08 Interest Elections. ................................................................................... 46 SECTION 2.09 Termination and Reduction of Commitments; Increase in Revolving Commitments. ........................................................................ 47 SECTION 2.10 Repayment and Amortization of Loans; Evidence of Debt. .................. 50 SECTION 2.11 Prepayment of Loans. ............................................................................ 52 SECTION 2.12 Fees. ....................................................................................................... 53 SECTION 2.13 Interest. ................................................................................................... 54 SECTION 2.14 Alternate Rate of Interest; Illegality. ...................................................... 55 SECTION 2.15 Increased Costs. ..................................................................................... 57 SECTION 2.16 Break Funding Payments. ...................................................................... 58 SECTION 2.17 Withholding of Taxes; Gross-Up. .......................................................... 59 SECTION 2.18 Payments Generally; Allocation of Proceeds; Sharing of Setoffs. ........ 62 SECTION 2.19 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders. ................................. 64 SECTION 2.20 Defaulting Lenders. ................................................................................ 65 SECTION 2.21 Returned Payments. ............................................................................... 67 SECTION 2.22 Banking Services and Swap Agreements. .............................................. 68 ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES ..................................................... 68 SECTION 3.01 Organization; Powers. ............................................................................ 68 SECTION 3.02 Authorization; Enforceability. ............................................................... 68 SECTION 3.03 Governmental Approvals; No Conflicts. ............................................... 68 SECTION 3.04 Financial Condition; No Material Adverse Change. .............................. 68 SECTION 3.05 Properties. .............................................................................................. 69 SECTION 3.06 Litigation and Environmental Matters. .................................................. 69 SECTION 3.07 Compliance with Laws and Agreements; No Default. .......................... 69 SECTION 3.08 Investment Company Status................................................................... 70


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 746154515.7 ii SECTION 3.09 Taxes. ..................................................................................................... 70 SECTION 3.10 ERISA. ................................................................................................... 70 SECTION 3.11 Disclosure............................................................................................... 70 SECTION 3.12 Material Agreements. ............................................................................. 70 SECTION 3.13 Solvency. ................................................................................................ 70 SECTION 3.14 Insurance. ............................................................................................... 71 SECTION 3.15 Capitalization and Subsidiaries. ............................................................. 71 SECTION 3.16 Security Interest in Collateral. ............................................................... 71 SECTION 3.17 Employment Matters. ............................................................................. 72 SECTION 3.18 Margin Regulations. ............................................................................... 72 SECTION 3.19 Use of Proceeds. ..................................................................................... 72 SECTION 3.20 No Burdensome Restrictions. ................................................................ 72 SECTION 3.21 Anti-Corruption Laws and Sanctions. .................................................... 72 SECTION 3.22 Affected Financial Institutions. .............................................................. 72 SECTION 3.23 Plan Assets; Prohibited Transactions. .................................................... 72 SECTION 3.24 Affiliate Transactions. ............................................................................ 72 ARTICLE IV CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 73 SECTION 4.01 Effective Date. ....................................................................................... 73 SECTION 4.02 Each Credit Event. ................................................................................. 75 ARTICLE V AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS ............................................................................ 76 SECTION 5.01 Financial Statements and Other Information. ........................................ 76 SECTION 5.02 Notices of Material Events. .................................................................... 78 SECTION 5.03 Existence; Conduct of Business. ............................................................ 79 SECTION 5.04 Payment of Obligations. ......................................................................... 79 SECTION 5.05 Maintenance of Properties. .................................................................... 79 SECTION 5.06 Books and Records; Inspection Rights. ................................................. 79 SECTION 5.07 Compliance with Laws and Material Contractual Obligations. ............. 79 SECTION 5.08 Use of Proceeds. ..................................................................................... 80 SECTION 5.09 Accuracy of Information. ....................................................................... 80 SECTION 5.10 Insurance. ............................................................................................... 80 SECTION 5.11 [Reserved]. ............................................................................................. 80 SECTION 5.12 Casualty and Condemnation. ................................................................. 80 SECTION 5.13 Depository Banks. .................................................................................. 81 SECTION 5.14 Additional Collateral; Further Assurances. ............................................ 81 SECTION 5.15 Post-Closing Obligations. ...................................................................... 82 ARTICLE VI NEGATIVE COVENANTS ................................................................................. 82 SECTION 6.01 Indebtedness. .......................................................................................... 82 SECTION 6.02 Liens. ...................................................................................................... 83 SECTION 6.03 Fundamental Changes. ........................................................................... 85 SECTION 6.04 Investments, Loans, Advances, Guarantees and Acquisitions. .............. 85 SECTION 6.05 Asset Sales. ............................................................................................ 87 SECTION 6.06 Sale and Leaseback Transactions. .......................................................... 88 SECTION 6.07 Swap Agreements. ................................................................................. 88


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 746154515.7 iii SECTION 6.08 Restricted Payments; Certain Payments of Indebtedness. ..................... 88 SECTION 6.09 Transactions with Affiliates. .................................................................. 89 SECTION 6.10 Restrictive Agreements. ......................................................................... 89 SECTION 6.11 Amendment of Material Documents. ..................................................... 89 SECTION 6.12 Financial Covenants. .............................................................................. 90 ARTICLE VII EVENTS OF DEFAULT .................................................................................... 90 ARTICLE VIII THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT .................................................................. 93 SECTION 8.01 Authorization and Action. ...................................................................... 93 SECTION 8.02 Administrative Agent’s Reliance, Limitation of Liability, Etc. ............. 95 SECTION 8.03 Posting of Communications. .................................................................. 96 SECTION 8.04 The Administrative Agent Individually. ................................................ 97 SECTION 8.05 Successor Administrative Agent. ........................................................... 98 SECTION 8.06 Acknowledgements of Lenders and Issuing Banks. .............................. 99 SECTION 8.07 Collateral Matters. ................................................................................ 101 SECTION 8.08 Credit Bidding. ..................................................................................... 101 SECTION 8.09 Certain ERISA Matters. ....................................................................... 102 SECTION 8.10 Flood Laws. .......................................................................................... 103 ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS ........................................................................................... 104 SECTION 9.01 Notices. ................................................................................................ 104 SECTION 9.02 Waivers; Amendments. ........................................................................ 105 SECTION 9.03 Expenses; Limitation of Liability; Indemnity; Etc. ............................. 107 SECTION 9.04 Successors and Assigns. ....................................................................... 110 SECTION 9.05 Survival. ............................................................................................... 114 SECTION 9.06 Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness; Electronic Execution. ......... 114 SECTION 9.07 Severability. ......................................................................................... 115 SECTION 9.08 Right of Setoff. ..................................................................................... 115 SECTION 9.09 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process. ............. 116 SECTION 9.10 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. ............................................................... 116 SECTION 9.11 Headings............................................................................................... 117 SECTION 9.12 Confidentiality. .................................................................................... 117 SECTION 9.13 Several Obligations; Nonreliance; Violation of Law. .......................... 118 SECTION 9.14 USA PATRIOT Act. ............................................................................ 118 SECTION 9.15 Disclosure............................................................................................. 118 SECTION 9.16 Appointment for Perfection. ................................................................ 118 SECTION 9.17 Interest Rate Limitation. ...................................................................... 118 SECTION 9.18 No Fiduciary Duty, etc. ........................................................................ 119 SECTION 9.19 Marketing Consent. .............................................................................. 119 SECTION 9.20 Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions.............................................................................................. 119 SECTION 9.21 Acknowledgement Regarding Any Supported QFCs. ......................... 120 SECTION 9.22 Joint and Several. ................................................................................. 120 ARTICLE X LOAN GUARANTY ........................................................................................... 121 SECTION 10.01 Guaranty. ............................................................................................ 121


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 746154515.7 iv SECTION 10.02 Guaranty of Payment. ........................................................................ 122 SECTION 10.03 No Discharge or Diminishment of Loan Guaranty. ........................... 122 SECTION 10.04 Defenses Waived. ............................................................................... 123 SECTION 10.05 Rights of Subrogation. ....................................................................... 123 SECTION 10.06 Reinstatement; Stay of Acceleration. ................................................. 123 SECTION 10.07 Information......................................................................................... 123 SECTION 10.08 Termination. ....................................................................................... 123 SECTION 10.09 Taxes. ................................................................................................. 124 SECTION 10.10 Maximum Liability. ........................................................................... 124 SECTION 10.11 Contribution. ...................................................................................... 124 SECTION 10.12 Liability Cumulative. ......................................................................... 125 SECTION 10.13 Keepwell. ........................................................................................... 125 ARTICLE XI THE BORROWER REPRESENTATIVE ......................................................... 125 SECTION 11.01 Appointment; Nature of Relationship. ............................................... 125 SECTION 11.02 Powers. ............................................................................................... 126 SECTION 11.03 Employment of Agents. ..................................................................... 126 SECTION 11.04 Notices. .............................................................................................. 126 SECTION 11.05 Successor Borrower Representative. .................................................. 126 SECTION 11.06 Execution of Loan Documents. .......................................................... 126 SECTION 11.07 Reporting. ........................................................................................... 126 SECTION 11.08 Amendment and Restatement. ........................................................... 126


 
v 746154515.7 SCHEDULES: Commitment Schedule Schedule 3.05 Properties, etc. Schedule 3.15 Capitalization and Subsidiaries Schedule 3.24 Affiliate Transactions Schedule 5.15 Post-Closing Obligations Schedule 6.01 Existing Indebtedness Schedule 6.02 Existing Liens Schedule 6.04 Existing Investments Schedule 6.10 Existing Restrictions EXHIBITS: Exhibit A Assignment and Assumption Exhibit B-1 Borrowing Request Exhibit B-2 Interest Election Request Exhibit C [Reserved] Exhibit D-1 U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Exhibit D-2 U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Exhibit D-3 U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Exhibit D-4 U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Exhibit E Compliance Certificate Exhibit F Joinder Agreement


 
1 746154515.7 AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT dated as of February 28, 2022 (as it may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”), among DUTCH BROS., LLC, an Oregon limited liability company (the “Company”), DB MANAGEMENT CO., a Delaware corporation (“DB Management”), DB FRANCHISING USA, LLC, an Oregon limited liability company (“DB USA”), BOERSMA BROS. LLC, an Oregon limited liability company (“Boersma” and, together with the Company, DB Management and DB USA, collectively, the “Borrowers” and each, individually, a “Borrower”), the other Loan Parties party hereto, the Lenders party hereto, and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Administrative Agent. The Borrowers, the other Loan Parties from time to time party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and the Administrative Agent are parties to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2021 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time prior to the date hereof, the “Existing Credit Agreement”). Subject to the conditions set forth herein, the parties wish to amend and restate the Existing Credit Agreement in its entirety as set forth herein. The parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS SECTION 1.01 Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings specified below: “ABR”, when used in reference to any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether such Loan, or the Loans comprising such Borrowing, is bearing interest at a rate determined by reference to the Alternate Base Rate. “Account” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Security Agreement. “Account Debtor” means any Person obligated on an Account. “Acquisition” means any transaction, or any series of related transactions, consummated after the Effective Date, by which any Loan Party (a) acquires any going concern business (or a division or line of business thereof) or all or substantially all of the assets of any Person, whether through purchase of assets, merger or otherwise, or (b) directly or indirectly acquires (in one transaction or as the most recent transaction in a series of transactions) at least a majority (in number of votes) of the Equity Interests of a Person which has ordinary voting power for the election of directors or other similar management personnel of such Person (other than Equity Interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) or a majority of the outstanding Equity Interests of a Person. “Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR” means an interest rate per annum equal to (a) the Daily Simple SOFR, plus (b) 0.10%; provided that if the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR as so determined would be less than the Floor, such rate shall be deemed to be equal to the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement. “Adjusted Term SOFR Rate” means, for any Interest Period, an interest rate per annum equal to (a) the Term SOFR Rate for such Interest Period, plus (b)(i) with respect to one (1) month Interest Period, 0.10%, (ii) with respect to three (3) month Interest Period, 0.15% and (iii) with respect to six (6) month Interest Period, 0.25%; provided that if the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate as so determined would be less than the Floor, such rate shall be deemed to be equal to the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement.


 
2 746154515.7 “Administrative Agent” means JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (or any of its designated branch offices or affiliates), in its capacity as administrative agent for the Lenders hereunder. “Administrative Questionnaire” means an Administrative Questionnaire in a form supplied by the Administrative Agent. “Affected Financial Institution” means (a) any EEA Financial Institution or (b) any UK Financial Institution. “Affiliate” means, with respect to a specified Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the specified Person; provided that a Person shall not be an Affiliate of Borrowers solely by reason of such Person’s status as a Dutch Bros. franchisee or due to any provisions under any franchise agreement between such Person and a Loan Party giving such Loan Party customary control with respect to franchise-related matters. “Agent-Related Person” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 9.03(d). “Aggregate Credit Exposure” means, at any time, the aggregate Credit Exposure of all the Lenders at such time. “Aggregate Revolving Exposure” means, at any time, the aggregate Revolving Exposure of all the Lenders at such time. “Agreement” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereof. “Aircraft Trust” means TVPX 2019 MSN 525C-0314 Business Trust, a Utah business trust. “Alternate Base Rate” means, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the NYFRB Rate in effect on such day plus ½ of 1%, and (c) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for a one-month Interest Period as published two (2) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to such day (or if such day is not a Business Day, the immediately preceding Business Day) plus 1%, provided that, for the purpose of this definition, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for any day shall be based on the Term SOFR Reference Rate at approximately 5:00 a.m. Chicago time on such day (or any amended publication time for the Term SOFR Reference Rate, as specified by the CME Term SOFR Administrator in the Term SOFR Reference Rate methodology). Any change in the Alternate Base Rate due to a change in the Prime Rate, the NYFRB Rate or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate shall be effective from and including the effective date of such change in the Prime Rate, the NYFRB Rate or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, respectively. If the Alternate Base Rate is being used as an alternate rate of interest pursuant to Section 2.14 (for the avoidance of doubt, only until the Benchmark Replacement has been determined pursuant to Section 2.14(b)), then the Alternate Base Rate shall be the greater of clauses (a) and (b) above and shall be determined without reference to clause (c) above. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Alternate Base Rate as determined pursuant to the foregoing would be less than 1.00%, such rate shall be deemed to be 1.00% for purposes of this Agreement. “Ancillary Document” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 9.06(b). “Anti-Corruption Laws” means all laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction applicable to any Loan Party or any Subsidiaries of any Loan Party from time to time concerning or relating to bribery or corruption.


 
3 746154515.7 “Applicable Parties” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 8.03(c). “Applicable Percentage” means, at any time with respect to any Lender: (a) a percentage equal to a fraction the numerator of which is such Lender’s Revolving Commitment at such time and the denominator of which is the aggregate Revolving Commitments at such time (provided that, if the Revolving Commitments have terminated or expired, the Applicable Percentages shall be determined based upon such Lender’s share of the Aggregate Revolving Exposure at such time); (b) with respect to the Term A Loans, a percentage equal to a fraction the numerator of which is such Lender’s Term A Loan Commitment at such time and the denominator of which is the aggregate Term A Loan Commitments at such time (provided that, if the Term A Loan Commitments have terminated or expired, the Applicable Percentages shall be determined based upon such Lender’s share of the aggregate outstanding Term A Loans at such time); (c) with respect to the Delayed Draw Term Loans, a percentage equal to a fraction the numerator of which is such Lender’s Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment (if any) at such time plus such Lender’s share of the aggregate outstanding Delayed Draw Term Loans at such time and the denominator of which is the aggregate Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments at such time plus the aggregate outstanding Delayed Draw Term Loans at such time; (d) with respect to the outstanding Term Loans, a percentage equal to a fraction the numerator of which is such Lender’s share of the aggregate outstanding Term Loans at such time and the denominator of which is the aggregate outstanding Term Loans at such time; and (e) otherwise, a percentage equal to a fraction the numerator of which is such Lender’s Credit Exposure and Unfunded Commitments at such time and the denominator of which is the Aggregate Credit Exposure and aggregate Unfunded Commitments at such time; provided that, in accordance with Section 2.20, so long as any Lender shall be a Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender’s Commitment shall be disregarded in the calculations above. “Applicable Rate” means, for any day, with respect to any Loan, or with respect to the commitment fees payable hereunder, as the case may be, the applicable rate per annum set forth below under the caption “ABR Spread”, “Term Benchmark Spread” or “Commitment Fee Rate”, as the case may be, based upon the Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio as of the most recent determination date, provided that until the delivery to the Administrative Agent, pursuant to Section 5.01, of Holdings’ consolidated financial information for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2022, the “Applicable Rate” shall be the applicable rates per annum set forth below in Category 2: Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio ABR Spread Term Benchmark Spread Revolving Commitment Fee Rate and Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment Fee Rate Category 1 ≥ 4.50 to 1.00 1.50% 2.50% 0.45% Category 2 < 4.50 to 1.00 but ≥ 3.75 to 1.00 1.25% 2.25% 0.40%


 
4 746154515.7 Category 3 < 3.75 to 1.00 but ≥ 3.00 to 1.00 1.00% 2.00% 0.35% Category 4 < 3.00 to 1.00 but ≥ 2.25 to 1.00 0.75% 1.75% 0.30% Category 5 < 2.25 to 1.00 but ≥ 1.50 to 1.00 0.50% 1.50% 0.25% Category 6 < 1.50 to 1.00 0.25% 1.25% 0.20% For purposes of the foregoing, (a) the Applicable Rate shall be determined as of the end of each fiscal quarter of Holdings, based upon Holdings’ annual or quarterly consolidated financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 5.01 and (b) each change in the Applicable Rate resulting from a change in the Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio shall be effective during the period commencing on and including the date of delivery to the Administrative Agent of such consolidated financial statements indicating such change and ending on the date immediately preceding the effective date of the next such change, provided that at the option of the Administrative Agent or at the request of the Required Lenders, if the Borrowers fail to deliver the annual or quarterly consolidated financial statements required to be delivered by it pursuant to Section 5.01, the Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio shall be deemed to be in Category 1 during the period from the expiration of the time for delivery thereof until such consolidated financial statements are delivered. If at any time the Administrative Agent determines that the financial statements upon which the Applicable Rate was determined were incorrect (whether based on a restatement, fraud or otherwise), or any ratio or compliance information in a Compliance Certificate or other certification was incorrectly calculated, relied on incorrect information or was otherwise not accurate, true or correct, the Borrowers shall be required to retroactively pay any additional amount that the Borrowers would have been required to pay if such financial statements, Compliance Certificate or other information had been accurate and/or computed correctly at the time they were delivered. “Approved Electronic Platform” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 8.03(a). “Approved Fund” has the meaning assigned to the term in Section 9.04(b). “Arranger” means each of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and BofA Securities, Inc., in their capacities as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers hereunder. “Assignment and Assumption” means an assignment and assumption agreement entered into by a Lender and an assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 9.04), and accepted by the Administrative Agent, in the form of Exhibit A or any other form (including electronic records generated by the use of an electronic platform) approved by the Administrative Agent. “Availability Period” means the period from and including the Effective Date to but excluding the earlier of the Revolving Credit Maturity Date and the date of termination of the Revolving Commitments. “Available Tenor” means, as of any date of determination and with respect to the then-current Benchmark, as applicable, any tenor for such Benchmark (or component thereof) or payment period for


 
5 746154515.7 interest calculated with reference to such Benchmark (or component thereof), as applicable, that is or may be used for determining the length of an Interest Period for any term rate or otherwise, for determining any frequency of making payments of interest calculated pursuant to this Agreement as of such date and not including, for the avoidance of doubt, any tenor for such Benchmark that is then-removed from the definition of “Interest Period” pursuant to clause (e) of Section 2.14. “Bail-In Action” means the exercise of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority in respect of any liability of an Affected Financial Institution. “Bail-In Legislation” means (a) with respect to any EEA Member Country implementing Article 55 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, the implementing law, regulation, rule or requirement for such EEA Member Country from time to time which is described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, Part I of the United Kingdom Banking Act 2009 (as amended from time to time) and any other law, regulation or rule applicable in the United Kingdom relating to the resolution of unsound or failing banks, investment firms or other financial institutions or their affiliates (other than through liquidation, administration or other insolvency proceedings). “Balance Sheet Lease Obligations” of any Person means the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any lease of (or other arrangement conveying the right to use) real property, which obligations (i) are Capital Lease Obligations, (ii) would constitute Capital Lease Obligations but for the application of Section 1.04(b), or (iii) are treated as Capital Lease Obligations hereunder solely as a result of Section 1.04(b). “Banking Services” means each and any of the following bank services provided to any Loan Party or any Subsidiary by any Lender or any of its Affiliates: (a) credit cards for commercial customers (including, without limitation, “commercial credit cards” and purchasing cards), (b) stored value cards, (c) merchant processing services, and (d) treasury management services (including, without limitation, controlled disbursement, automated clearinghouse transactions, return items, any direct debit scheme or arrangement, overdrafts and interstate depository network services and cash pooling services). “Banking Services Obligations” means any and all obligations of the Loan Parties or their Subsidiaries, whether absolute or contingent and howsoever and whensoever created, arising, evidenced or acquired (including all renewals, extensions and modifications thereof and substitutions therefor) in connection with Banking Services. “Bankruptcy Event” means, with respect to any Person, when such Person becomes the subject of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding, or has had a receiver, conservator, trustee, administrator, custodian, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with the reorganization or liquidation of its business, appointed for it, or, in the good faith determination of the Administrative Agent, has taken any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any such proceeding or appointment, or has had any order for relief in such proceeding entered in respect thereof, provided that a Bankruptcy Event shall not result solely by virtue of any ownership interest, or the acquisition of any ownership interest, in such Person by a Governmental Authority or instrumentality thereof, unless such ownership interest results in or provides such Person with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the U.S. or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permits such Person (or such Governmental Authority or instrumentality) to reject, repudiate, disavow or disaffirm any contracts or agreements made by such Person. “Benchmark” means, initially, with respect to any Term Benchmark Loan, the Term SOFR Rate; provided that if a Benchmark Transition Event and the related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred


 
6 746154515.7 with respect to the Daily Simple SOFR or Term SOFR Rate, as applicable, or the then-current Benchmark, then “Benchmark” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement to the extent that such Benchmark Replacement has replaced such prior benchmark rate pursuant to clause (b) of Section 2.14. “Benchmark Replacement” means, for any Available Tenor, the first alternative set forth in the order below that can be determined by the Administrative Agent for the applicable Benchmark Replacement Date: (1) the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR; (2) the sum of: (a) the alternate benchmark rate that has been selected by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower Representative as the replacement for the then-current Benchmark for the applicable Corresponding Tenor giving due consideration to (i) any selection or recommendation of a replacement benchmark rate or the mechanism for determining such a rate by the Relevant Governmental Body or (ii) any evolving or then-prevailing market convention for determining a benchmark rate as a replacement for the then-current Benchmark for dollar-denominated syndicated credit facilities at such time in the United States and (b) the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment. If the Benchmark Replacement as determined pursuant to clause (1) or (2) above would be less than the Floor, the Benchmark Replacement will be deemed to be the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. “Benchmark Replacement Adjustment” means, with respect to any replacement of the then-current Benchmark with an Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for any applicable Interest Period and Available Tenor for any setting of such Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement, the spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that has been selected by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower Representative for the applicable Corresponding Tenor giving due consideration to (i) any selection or recommendation of a spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for the replacement of such Benchmark with the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement by the Relevant Governmental Body on the applicable Benchmark Replacement Date and/or (ii) any evolving or then-prevailing market convention for determining a spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for the replacement of such Benchmark with the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for dollar-denominated syndicated credit facilities at such time. “Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes” means, with respect to any Benchmark Replacement and/or any Term Benchmark Loan, any technical, administrative or operational changes (including changes to the definition of “Alternate Base Rate,” the definition of “Business Day,” the definition of “U.S. Government Securities Business Day,” the definition of “Interest Period,” timing and frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest, timing of borrowing requests or prepayment, conversion or continuation notices, length of lookback periods, the applicability of breakage provisions, and other technical, administrative or operational matters) that the Administrative Agent decides may be appropriate to reflect the adoption and implementation of such Benchmark Replacement and to permit the administration thereof by the Administrative Agent in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if the Administrative Agent decides that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or if the Administrative Agent determines that no market practice for the administration of such Benchmark Replacement exists, in such other manner of administration as the Administrative Agent decides is reasonably necessary in connection with the administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents).


 
7 746154515.7 “Benchmark Replacement Date” means, with respect to any Benchmark, the earliest to occur of the following events with respect to such then-current Benchmark: (1) in the case of clause (1) or (2) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event,” the later of (a) the date of the public statement or publication of information referenced therein and (b) the date on which the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) permanently or indefinitely ceases to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); or (2) in the case of clause (3) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event,” the first date on which such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) has been determined and announced by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) to be no longer representative; provided, that such non-representativeness will be determined by reference to the most recent statement or publication referenced in such clause (3) and even if any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) continues to be provided on such date. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) if the event giving rise to the Benchmark Replacement Date occurs on the same day as, but earlier than, the Reference Time in respect of any determination, the Benchmark Replacement Date will be deemed to have occurred prior to the Reference Time for such determination and (ii) the “Benchmark Replacement Date” will be deemed to have occurred in the case of clause (1) or (2) with respect to any Benchmark upon the occurrence of the applicable event or events set forth therein with respect to all then-current Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof). “Benchmark Transition Event” means, with respect to any Benchmark, the occurrence of one or more of the following events with respect to such then-current Benchmark: (1) a public statement or publication of information by or on behalf of the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) announcing that such administrator has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof), permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); (2) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof), the Federal Reserve Board, the NYFRB, the CME Term SOFR Administrator, an insolvency official with jurisdiction over the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component), a resolution authority with jurisdiction over the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component) or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority over the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component), in each case, which states that the administrator of such Benchmark (or such component) has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) permanently or indefinitely; provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); or (3) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) announcing that all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) are no longer, or as of a specified future date will no longer be, representative.


 
8 746154515.7 For the avoidance of doubt, a “Benchmark Transition Event” will be deemed to have occurred with respect to any Benchmark if a public statement or publication of information set forth above has occurred with respect to each then-current Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof). “Benchmark Unavailability Period” means, with respect to any Benchmark, the period (if any) (x) beginning at the time that a Benchmark Replacement Date pursuant to clauses (1) or (2) of that definition has occurred if, at such time, no Benchmark Replacement has replaced such then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in accordance with Section 2.14 and (y) ending at the time that a Benchmark Replacement has replaced such then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in accordance with Section 2.14. “Beneficial Ownership Certification” means a certification regarding beneficial ownership or control as required by the Beneficial Ownership Regulation. “Beneficial Ownership Regulation” means 31 C.F.R. § 1010.230. “Benefit Plan” means any of (a) an “employee benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) that is subject to Title I of ERISA, (b) a “plan” as defined in Section 4975 of the Code to which Section 4975 of the Code applies, and (c) any Person whose assets include (for purposes of the Plan Asset Regulations or otherwise for purposes of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) the assets of any such “employee benefit plan” or “plan”. “BHC Act Affiliate” of a party means an “affiliate” (as such term is defined under, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 1841(k)) of such party. “Borrower” or “Borrowers” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph hereto and each other Person who joins this Agreement as a Borrower from time to time. “Borrower Representative” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 11.01. “Borrowing” means (a) a Revolving Borrowing, (b) Term Loans of the same Type made, converted or continued on the same date and, in the case of Term Benchmark Loans, as to which a single Interest Period is in effect, and (c) a Swingline Loan. “Borrowing Request” means a request by the Borrower Representative for a Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.03, which shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit B-1 hereto or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent. “Burdensome Restriction” means any consensual encumbrance or restriction of the type described in clause (a) or (b) of Section 6.10. “Business Day” means any day (other than a Saturday or a Sunday) on which banks are open for business in New York City or Chicago; provided that, in relation to RFR Loans and any interest rate settings, fundings, disbursements, settlements or payments of any such RFR Loan, or any other dealings of such RFR Loan, any such day that is only an U.S. Government Securities Business Day. “Capital Expenditures” means, without duplication, any expenditure or commitment to expend money for any purchase or other acquisition of any asset which would be classified as a fixed or capital asset on a consolidated balance sheet of Holdings and its Subsidiaries prepared in accordance with GAAP.


 
9 746154515.7 “Capital Lease Obligations” of any Person means the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any lease of (or other arrangement conveying the right to use) real or personal property, or a combination thereof, which obligations are required to be classified and accounted for as capital leases or financing leases on a balance sheet of such Person under GAAP, and the amount of such obligations shall be the capitalized amount thereof determined in accordance with GAAP, subject in each case to Section 1.04(b). “Change in Control” means (a) Holdings shall cease to own, free and clear of all Liens or other encumbrances, at least 100% of the outstanding Equity Interests of each Borrower on a fully diluted basis, (b) the Borrowers shall cease to own, free and clear of all Liens or other encumbrances, at least 100% of the outstanding Equity Interests of each of their Subsidiaries on a fully diluted basis, or (c) a person or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or Section 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) other than the Permitted Holders shall, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, own more than the lesser of (x) 35% of the outstanding voting Equity Interests of Holdings on a fully diluted basis and (y) the percentage of the outstanding voting Equity Interests of Holdings owned by the Permitted Holders. “Change in Law” means the occurrence after the date of this Agreement of any of the following: (a) the adoption of or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty, (b) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or (c) compliance by any Lender or the Issuing Bank (or, for purposes of Section 2.15(b), by any lending office of such Lender or by such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s holding company, if any) with any request, guideline, requirement or directive (whether or not having the force of law) of any Governmental Authority made or issued after the date of this Agreement; provided that, notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (x) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines, requirements or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith or in the implementation thereof, and (y) all requests, rules, guidelines, requirements or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the U.S. or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a “Change in Law”, regardless of the date enacted, adopted, issued or implemented. “Charges” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.17. “Chase” means JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., a national banking association, in its individual capacity, and its successors. “Class”, when used in reference to (a) any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether such Loan, or the Loans comprising such Borrowing, are Revolving Loans, a Term A Loan, a Delayed Draw Term Loan or Swingline Loans, (b) any Commitment, refers to whether such Commitment is a Revolving Commitment, a Term A Commitment or a Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment and (c) any Lender, refers to whether such Lender has a Loan or Commitment of a particular Class. “CME Term SOFR Administrator” means CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited as administrator of the forward-looking term SOFR (or a successor administrator). “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. “Collateral” means any and all property owned, leased or operated by a Person covered by the Collateral Documents, now existing or hereafter acquired, and any and all other property that may at any time be, become or be intended to be subject to a security interest or Lien in favor of the Administrative Agent, on behalf of itself and the Lenders and other Secured Parties, to secure the Obligations.


 
10 746154515.7 “Collateral Access Agreement” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Security Agreement. “Collateral Documents” means, collectively, the Security Agreement and any other agreements, instruments and documents executed in connection with this Agreement that are intended to create, perfect or evidence Liens to secure the Secured Obligations, including, without limitation, all other security agreements, pledge agreements, mortgages, deeds of trust, loan agreements, notes, guarantees, subordination agreements, pledges, powers of attorney, consents, assignments, contracts, fee letters, notices, leases, financing statements and all other written matter whether theretofore, now or hereafter executed by any Loan Party and delivered to the Administrative Agent, in such form as reasonably acceptable to the Borrowers and the Administrative Agent. “Commercial LC Exposure” means, at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate undrawn amount of all outstanding commercial Letters of Credit plus (b) the aggregate amount of all LC Disbursements relating to commercial Letters of Credit that have not yet been reimbursed by or on behalf of the Borrowers. The Commercial LC Exposure of any Revolving Lender at any time shall be its Applicable Percentage of the aggregate Commercial LC Exposure at such time. “Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender, the sum of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment and Term Commitments. The initial amount of each Lender’s Commitment is set forth on the Commitment Schedule, or in the Assignment and Assumption or other documentation or record (as such term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(70) of the New York Uniform Commercial Code) as provided in Section 9.04(b)(ii)(C), pursuant to which such Lender shall have assumed its Commitment, as applicable. “Commitment Schedule” means the Schedule attached hereto identified as such. “Commodity Exchange Act” means the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. § 1 et seq.), as amended from time to time, and any successor statute. “Communications” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.03(c). “Company” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph hereto. “Compliance Certificate” means a certificate of a Financial Officer of the Borrower Representative in substantially the form of Exhibit E. “Connection Income Taxes” means Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes. “Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise. “Controlling” and “Controlled” have meanings correlative thereto. “Corresponding Tenor” with respect to any Available Tenor means, as applicable, either a tenor (including overnight) or an interest payment period having approximately the same length (disregarding business day adjustment) as such Available Tenor. “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);


 
11 746154515.7 (ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b). “Covered Party” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 9.21. “Credit Exposure” means, as to any Lender at any time, the sum of (a) such Lender’s Revolving Exposure at such time plus (b) an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of its Term Loans outstanding at such time. “Credit Party” means the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank, the Swingline Lender or any other Lender. “Daily Simple SOFR” means, for any day (a “SOFR Rate Day”), a rate per annum equal to SOFR for the day (such day “SOFR Determination Date”) that is five (5) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to (i) if such SOFR Rate Day is a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, such SOFR Rate Day or (ii) if such SOFR Rate Day is not a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, the U.S. Government Securities Business Day immediately preceding such SOFR Rate Day, in each case, as such SOFR is published by the SOFR Administrator on the SOFR Administrator’s Website. Any change in Daily Simple SOFR due to a change in SOFR shall be effective from and including the effective date of such change in SOFR without notice to the Borrower. “Default” means any event or condition which constitutes an Event of Default or which upon notice, lapse of time or both would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default. “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. “Defaulting Lender” means, subject to the last sentence of Section 2.20, any Lender that (a) has failed, within two Business Days of the date required to be funded or paid, to (i) fund any portion of its Loans, (ii) fund any portion of its participations in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans or (iii) pay over to any Credit Party any other amount required to be paid by it hereunder, unless, in the case of clause (i) above, such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent in writing that such failure is the result of such Lender’s good faith determination that a condition precedent to funding (specifically identified and including the particular default, if any) has not been satisfied, (b) has notified any Borrower or any Credit Party in writing, or has made a public statement to the effect, that it does not intend or expect to comply with any of its funding obligations under this Agreement (unless such writing or public statement indicates that such position is based on such Lender’s good faith determination that a condition precedent (specifically identified and including the particular default, if any) to funding a Loan under this Agreement cannot be satisfied) or generally under other agreements in which it commits to extend credit, (c) has failed, within three Business Days after request by a Credit Party, acting in good faith, to provide a certification in writing from an authorized officer of such Lender that it will comply with its obligations (and is financially able to meet such obligations as of the date of certification) to fund prospective Loans and participations in then outstanding Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans under this Agreement, provided that such Lender shall cease to be a Defaulting Lender pursuant to this clause (c) upon such Credit Party’s receipt of such certification in form and substance satisfactory to it and the Administrative Agent, or (d) has become the subject of (i) a Bankruptcy Event or (ii) a Bail-In Action. “Deficiency Funding Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.05(a).


 
12 746154515.7 “Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender, the commitment, if any, of such Lender to make a Delayed Draw Term Loan, expressed as an amount representing the maximum principal amount of the Delayed Draw Term Loan to be made by such Lender, as such commitment may be reduced or increased from time to time pursuant to (a) Section 2.09 or (b) assignments by or to such Lender pursuant to Section 9.04. The initial amount of each Lender’s Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment is set forth on the Commitment Schedule, or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender shall have assumed its Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment, as applicable. The aggregate amount of the Lenders’ Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments on the Effective Date is $150,000,000. “Delayed Draw Term Loan Draw Expiration Date” means the earlier of (a) the date upon which the aggregate Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments are fully advanced pursuant to Section 2.01(c) and (b) February 28, 2024. “Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender” means a Lender having a Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment or an outstanding Delayed Draw Term Loan. “Delayed Draw Term Loan” means a Loan made pursuant to Section 2.01(c). “Disposition” or “Dispose” means the sale, transfer, license, lease or other disposition (in one transaction or in a series of transactions and whether effected pursuant to a Division or otherwise) of any property by any Person (including any sale and leaseback transaction and any issuance of Equity Interests by a Subsidiary of such Person), including any sale, assignment, transfer or other disposal, with or without recourse, of any notes or accounts receivable or any rights and claims associated therewith. “Dividing Person” has the meaning assigned to it in the definition of “Division”. “Division” means the division of the assets, liabilities and/or obligations of a Person (the “Dividing Person”) among two or more Persons (whether pursuant to a “plan of division” or similar arrangement), which may or may not include the Dividing Person and pursuant to which the Dividing Person may or may not survive. “Division Successor” means any Person that, upon the consummation of a Division of a Dividing Person, holds all or any portion of the assets, liabilities and/or obligations previously held by such Dividing Person immediately prior to the consummation of such Division. A Dividing Person which retains any of its assets, liabilities and/or obligations after a Division shall be deemed a Division Successor upon the occurrence of such Division. “Document” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Security Agreement. “dollars” or “$” refers to lawful money of the U.S. “EBITDAR” means, for any period, Net Income for such period plus (a) without duplication and to the extent deducted in determining Net Income for such period, the sum of (i) Interest Expense for such period, (ii) income tax expense for such period, (iii) all amounts attributable to depreciation and amortization expense for such period, (iv) any extraordinary non-cash charges for such period, (v) any other non-cash charges for such period (but excluding any non-cash charge in respect of an item that was included in Net Income in a prior period and any non-cash charge that relates to the write-down or write-off of inventory), (vi) Rental Expense for such period, (vii) the pre-opening expenses actually incurred in connection with acquiring, developing and opening any new Stores; provided that the aggregate amount of addbacks made under this clause (a)(vii), clause (a)(viii), and clause (a)(ix) taken together in any period


 
13 746154515.7 shall not exceed twenty-two percent (22%) of EBITDAR (calculated before giving effect to such addbacks) for such period for any period ending on or before March 31, 2023, and for any period thereafter, fifteen percent (15%) of EBITDAR (calculated before giving effect to such addbacks) for such period, (viii) any non-recurring cash charges, including as a result of discontinued operations and severance and restructuring costs; provided that the aggregate amount of addbacks made under this clauses (a)(viii), clause (a)(vii), and clause (a)(ix) taken together in any period shall not exceed twenty-two percent (22%) of EBITDAR (calculated before giving effect to such addbacks) for such period for any period ending on or before March 31, 2023, and for any period thereafter, fifteen percent (15%) of EBITDAR (calculated before giving effect to such addbacks) for such period, (ix) a onetime addback for costs and expenses incurred in connection with COVID-19 “thank you” pay and catastrophic leave for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021, and (y) an addback for any other out-of-pocket cash costs and expenses paid in connection with COVID-19 for the period to the extent such costs and expenses are unusual, infrequent, and reasonably expected to be incurred for a finite period not in excess of six months in order to address new or changed governmental actions or public health risks and for the avoidance of doubt excluding any increased wages or other employee payments; provided that the aggregate amount of addbacks made under this clause (a)(ix), clause (a)(vii), and clause (a)(viii), taken together in any period shall not exceed twenty-two percent (22%) of EBITDAR (calculated before giving effect to such addbacks) for such period for any period ending on or before March 31, 2023, and for any period thereafter, fifteen percent (15%) of EBITDAR (calculated before giving effect to such addbacks) for such period, (x) a onetime addback for costs and expenses related to charitable donations for such period to the extent such charitable donations are associated with the equity offering that occurred during the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021, and (xi) to the extent not included in clause (a)(iv) for such period, non-cash charges for equity-based and stock-based compensation for such period, as calculated for Holdings and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis for such period in accordance with GAAP, minus (b) without duplication and to the extent included in Net Income for such period, (i) any cash payments made during such period in respect of non-cash charges described in clause (a)(v) taken in a prior period and (ii) any extraordinary gains and any non-cash items of income for such period, all calculated for Holdings and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. “ECP” means an “eligible contract participant” as defined in Section 1(a)(18) of the Commodity Exchange Act or any regulations promulgated thereunder and the applicable rules issued by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and/or the SEC. “EEA Financial Institution” means (a) any credit institution or investment firm established in any EEA Member Country which is subject to the supervision of an EEA Resolution Authority, (b) any entity established in an EEA Member Country which is a parent of an institution described in clause (a) of this definition, or (c) any financial institution established in an EEA Member Country which is a subsidiary of an institution described in clauses (a) or (b) of this definition and is subject to consolidated supervision with its parent. “EEA Member Country” means any of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. “EEA Resolution Authority” means any public administrative authority or any Person entrusted with public administrative authority of any EEA Member Country (including any delegee) having responsibility for the resolution of any EEA Financial Institution. “Effective Date” means the date on which the conditions specified in Section 4.01 are satisfied (or waived in accordance with Section 9.02).


 
14 746154515.7 “Electronic Signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to, or associated with, a contract or other record and adopted by a Person with the intent to sign, authenticate or accept such contract or record. “Electronic System” means any electronic system, including e-mail, e-fax, web portal access for the Borrowers and any other Internet or extranet-based site, whether such electronic system is owned, operated or hosted by the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Bank and any of its respective Related Parties or any other Person, providing for access to data protected by passcodes or other security system. “Environmental Laws” means all laws, rules, regulations, codes, ordinances, orders, decrees, judgments, injunctions, notices or binding agreements issued, promulgated or entered into by any Governmental Authority, relating in any way to (i) the environment, (ii) preservation or reclamation of natural resources, (iii) the management, Release or threatened Release of any Hazardous Material or (iv) health and safety matters. “Environmental Liability” means any liability, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of environmental remediation, fines, penalties or indemnities), of any Borrower or any Subsidiary directly or indirectly resulting from or based upon (a) any violation of any Environmental Law, (b) the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, (c) any exposure to any Hazardous Materials, (d) the Release or threatened Release of any Hazardous Materials into the environment or (e) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing. “Equipment” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Security Agreement. “Equity Interests” means shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests in a limited liability company, beneficial interests in a trust or other equity ownership interests in a Person, and any warrants, options or other rights entitling the holder thereof to purchase or acquire any of the foregoing, but excluding any debt securities convertible into any of the foregoing. “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. “ERISA Affiliate” means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that, together with a Borrower, is treated as a single employer under Section 414(b) or (c) of the Code or Section 4001(14) of ERISA or, solely for purposes of Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code, is treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Code. “ERISA Event” means (a) any “reportable event”, as defined in Section 4043 of ERISA or the regulations issued thereunder, with respect to a Plan (other than an event for which the 30 day notice period is waived); (b) the failure to satisfy the “minimum funding standard” (as defined in Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA), whether or not waived; (c) the filing pursuant to Section 412(c) of the Code or Section 302(c) of ERISA of an application for a waiver of the minimum funding standard with respect to any Plan; (d) the incurrence by any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to the termination of any Plan; (e) the receipt by any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from the PBGC or a plan administrator of any notice relating to an intention to terminate any Plan or Plans or to appoint a trustee to administer any Plan; (f) the incurrence by any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any liability with respect to the withdrawal or partial withdrawal of any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from any Plan or Multiemployer Plan; or (g) the receipt by any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any notice, or the receipt by any Multiemployer Plan from any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any notice, concerning the imposition upon any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of Withdrawal Liability or a


 
15 746154515.7 determination that a Multiemployer Plan is, or is expected to be, insolvent, in critical status or in reorganization, within the meaning of Title IV of ERISA. “EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule” means the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor Person), as in effect from time to time. “Events of Default” has the meaning assigned to such term in Article VII. “Excluded Swap Obligation” means, with respect to any Guarantor, any Swap Obligation if, and to the extent that, all or a portion of the Guarantee of such Guarantor of, or the grant by such Guarantor of a security interest to secure, such Swap Obligation (or any Guarantee thereof) is or becomes illegal under the Commodity Exchange Act or any rule, regulation or order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (or the application or official interpretation of any thereof) by virtue of such Guarantor’s failure for any reason to constitute an ECP at the time the Guarantee of such Guarantor or the grant of such security interest becomes or would become effective with respect to such Swap Obligation. If a Swap Obligation arises under a master agreement governing more than one swap, such exclusion shall apply only to the portion of such Swap Obligation that is attributable to swaps for which such Guarantee or security interest is or becomes illegal. “Excluded Taxes” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to a Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient: (a) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes, and branch profits Taxes, in each case, (i) imposed as a result of such Recipient being organized under the laws of, or having its principal office or, in the case of any Lender, its applicable lending office located in, the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (or any political subdivision thereof) or (ii) that are Other Connection Taxes, (b) in the case of a Lender, U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan, Letter of Credit or Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender acquires such interest in the Loan, Letter of Credit or Commitment (other than pursuant to an assignment request by the Borrowers under Section 2.19(b)) or (ii) such Lender changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 2.17, amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender acquired the applicable interest in a Loan, Letter of Credit or Commitment or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office, (c) Taxes attributable to such Recipient’s failure to comply with Section 2.17(f), and (d) any withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA. “Existing Credit Agreement” has the meaning specified in the preamble hereof. “FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code and any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement, treaty or convention among Governmental Authorities and implementing such Sections of the Code. “Federal Funds Effective Rate” means, for any day, the rate calculated by the NYFRB based on such day’s federal funds transactions by depositary institutions, as determined in such manner as shall be set forth on the NYFRB’s Website from time to time, and published on the next succeeding Business Day by the NYFRB as the effective federal funds rate, provided that, if the Federal Funds Effective Rate as so determined would be less than 0.00%, such rate shall be deemed to be 0.00% for the purposes of this Agreement.


 
16 746154515.7 “Federal Reserve Board” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States of America. “Financial Officer” means the chief financial officer, principal accounting officer, treasurer or controller of a Borrower. “Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio” means, for any period, the ratio of (a) EBITDAR minus Maintenance Capital Expenditures minus expense for taxes paid in cash, including but not limited to, applicable payroll taxes and personal income tax withholding paid in connection with the settlement of restricted stock units, to (b) Fixed Charges, all calculated for Holdings and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. “Fixed Charges” means, for any period, without duplication, cash Interest Expense, plus cash Rental Expense, plus the current portion of long-term Indebtedness for such prior period, plus Restricted Payments (including all Permitted Tax Distributions) paid in cash, plus Capital Lease Obligation payments, plus Balance Sheet Lease Obligation payments less Permitted Tax Distribution Returns attributable to such period actually received by the Borrowers (regardless of when received by the Borrowers), all calculated for Holdings and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. “Flood Laws” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.10. “Floor” means the benchmark rate floor, if any, provided in this Agreement initially (as of the execution of this Agreement, the modification, amendment or renewal of this Agreement or otherwise) with respect to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate or the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR, as applicable. For the avoidance of doubt, the initial Floor for each of Adjusted Term SOFR Rate or Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR shall be 0.00%. “Foreign Lender” means (a) if a Borrower is a U.S. Person, a Lender that is not a U.S. Person, and (b) if a Borrower is not a U.S. Person, a Lender that is resident or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than that in which such Borrower is resident for tax purposes. “Franchise Acquisition” means an Acquisition by a Loan Party as franchisor of a franchise location pursuant to (i) the terms of an option for the franchisor’s benefit (either set forth in the body of the franchise agreement or in a separate purchase option agreement attached as an exhibit thereto) that provides the franchisor with the right to repurchase the franchise from the franchisee or to require the franchisee to transfer its assets to the franchisor, in each case, for a purchase price based upon an agreed-upon formula and such other terms as set forth in such franchise agreement or purchase option agreement or (ii) the terms and conditions agreed to by the franchisee and such Loan Party as set forth in a written purchase agreement. “Funded Indebtedness” means, at any date, the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness of Holdings and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis consisting of (a) Indebtedness for borrowed money, (b) obligations under letters of credit (including Letters of Credit), bankers acceptances or similar obligations, (c) Capital Lease Obligations and obligations in respect of synthetic leases, sale leaseback transactions and purchase money indebtedness, (d) debt obligations evidenced by promissory notes, seller notes, or similar instruments, obligations under any earn-out and other off-balance sheet transactions (including Off-Balance Sheet Liabilities), and (e) guarantees of any of the foregoing. “Funding Account” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.01(h). “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S.


 
17 746154515.7 “Governmental Authority” means the government of the U.S., any other nation or any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government. “Guarantee” of or by any Person (the “guarantor”) means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of the guarantor guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any other Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of the guarantor, direct or indirect, (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation or to purchase (or to advance or supply funds for the purchase of) any security for the payment thereof, (b) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the owner of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment thereof, (c) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or other obligation or (d) as an account party in respect of any letter of credit or letter of guaranty issued to support such Indebtedness or obligation; provided that the term “Guarantee” shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. “Guaranteed Obligations” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 10.01. “Guarantors” means all Loan Guarantors, and the term “Guarantor” means each or any one of them individually. “Hazardous Materials” means (a) any substance, material, or waste that is included within the definitions of “hazardous substances,” “hazardous materials,” “hazardous waste,” “toxic substances,” “toxic materials,” “toxic waste,” or words of similar import in any Environmental Law; (b) those substances listed as hazardous substances by the United States Department of Transportation (or any successor agency) (49 C.F.R. 172.101 and amendments thereto) or by the Environmental Protection Agency (or any successor agency) (40 C.F.R. Part 302 and amendments thereto); and (c) any substance, material, or waste that is petroleum, petroleum-related, or a petroleum by-product, asbestos or asbestos-containing material, polychlorinated biphenyls, flammable, explosive, radioactive, freon gas, radon, or a pesticide, herbicide, or any other agricultural chemical. “Holdings” means Dutch Mafia, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. “Immaterial Subsidiary” means, as of any date of determination, any Subsidiary of Holdings (other than a Borrower) that does not contribute (a) individually, more than 2.5% of EBITDAR of Holdings and its Subsidiaries or (b) in the aggregate together with all other Immaterial Subsidiaries, more than 5.0% of EBITDAR of Holdings and its Subsidiaries. “Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money or with respect to advances of any kind, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (c) all obligations of such Person upon which interest charges are customarily paid, (d) all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to property acquired by such Person, (e) all obligations of such Person in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (excluding accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business that are not overdue for more than 90 days), (f) all Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (g) all Guarantees by such Person of Indebtedness of others, (h) all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person, (i) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person as an account party


 
18 746154515.7 in respect of letters of credit and letters of guaranty, (j) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person in respect of bankers’ acceptances, (k) obligations under any earn-out (which for all purposes of this Agreement, other than the definition of “Funded Indebtedness”, shall be valued at the maximum potential amount payable with respect to each such earn-out, and for purposes of the definition of “Funded Indebtedness” shall be valued in accordance with GAAP), (l) any other Off-Balance Sheet Liability and (m) obligations, whether absolute or contingent and howsoever and whensoever created, arising, evidenced or acquired (including all renewals, extensions and modifications thereof and substitutions therefor), under (i) any and all Swap Agreements, and (ii) any and all cancellations, buy backs, reversals, terminations or assignments of any Swap Agreement transaction. The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness provide that such Person is not liable therefor. “Indemnified Taxes” means (a) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in the foregoing clause (a), Other Taxes. “Indemnitee” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.03(c). “Ineligible Institution” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.04(b). “Information” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.12. “Interest Election Request” means a request by the Borrower Representative to convert or continue a Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.08, which shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit B-2 hereto or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent. “Interest Expense” means, with reference to any period, total interest expense (including that attributable to Capital Lease Obligations) of Holdings and its Subsidiaries for such period with respect to all outstanding Indebtedness of Holdings and its Subsidiaries (including all commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters of credit and bankers’ acceptances and net costs under Swap Agreements in respect of interest rates, to the extent such net costs are allocable to such period in accordance with GAAP), calculated for Holdings and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis for such period in accordance with GAAP. “Interest Payment Date” means (a) with respect to any ABR Loan (other than a Swingline Loan), the first Business Day of each calendar quarter and the Revolving Credit Maturity Date or the Term Maturity Date, as applicable, (b) with respect to any Term Benchmark Loan, the last day of each Interest Period applicable to the Borrowing of which such Loan is a part and, in the case of a Term Benchmark Borrowing with an Interest Period of more than three months’ duration, each day prior to the last day of such Interest Period that occurs at intervals of three months’ duration after the first day of such Interest Period and the Revolving Credit Maturity Date or the Term Maturity Date, as applicable, and (c) with respect to any Swingline Loan, the day that such Loan is required to be repaid and the Revolving Credit Maturity Date. “Interest Period” means with respect to any Term Benchmark Borrowing, the period commencing on the date of such Borrowing and ending on the numerically corresponding day in the calendar month that is one, three or six months thereafter (in each case, subject to the availability for the Benchmark applicable to the relevant Loan or (Commitment)), as the Borrower Representative may elect; provided that (i) if any Interest Period would end on a day other than a Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the


 
19 746154515.7 next succeeding Business Day unless such next succeeding Business Day would fall in the next calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the next preceding Business Day, (ii) any Interest Period that commences on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the last calendar month of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the last calendar month of such Interest Period and (iii) no tenor that has been removed from this definition pursuant to Section 2.14(e) shall be available for specification in such Borrowing Request or Interest Election Request. For purposes hereof, the date of a Borrowing initially shall be the date on which such Borrowing is made and thereafter, in the case of a Revolving Borrowing, shall be the effective date of the most recent conversion or continuation of such Borrowing. “Inventory” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Security Agreement. “IRS” means the United States Internal Revenue Service. “Issuing Bank” means, individually and collectively, each of Chase, in its capacity as the issuer of Letters of Credit hereunder, and any other Revolving Lender from time to time designated by the Borrower Representative as an Issuing Bank (in each case, through itself or through one of its designated affiliates or branch offices), with the consent of such Revolving Lender and the Administrative Agent, and their respective successors in such capacity as provided in Section 2.06(i). Any Issuing Bank may, in its discretion, arrange for one or more Letters of Credit to be issued by its Affiliates, in which case the term “Issuing Bank” shall include any such Affiliate with respect to Letters of Credit issued by such Affiliate (it being agreed that such Issuing Bank shall, or shall cause such Affiliate to, comply with the requirements of Section 2.06 with respect to such Letters of Credit). At any time there is more than one Issuing Bank, all singular references to the Issuing Bank shall mean any Issuing Bank, either Issuing Bank, each Issuing Bank, the Issuing Bank that has issued the applicable Letter of Credit, or both (or all) Issuing Banks, as the context may require. “Issuing Bank Sublimit” means, as of the Effective Date, (i) $50,000,000, in the case of Chase, and (ii) such amount as shall be designated to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower Representative in writing by any other Issuing Bank; provided that any Issuing Bank shall be permitted at any time to increase or reduce its Issuing Bank Sublimit upon providing five (5) days’ prior written notice thereof to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower Representative. “Joinder Agreement” means a Joinder Agreement in substantially the form of Exhibit F. “LC Collateral Account” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.06(j). “LC Disbursement” means any payment made by an Issuing Bank pursuant to a Letter of Credit. “LC Exposure” means, at any time, the sum of the Commercial LC Exposure and the Standby LC Exposure at such time. The LC Exposure of any Revolving Lender at any time shall be its Applicable Percentage of the aggregate LC Exposure at such time. “Lender Parent” means, with respect to any Lender, any Person as to which such Lender is, directly or indirectly, a subsidiary. “Lender-Related Person” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.03(b). “Lenders” means the Persons listed on the Commitment Schedule and any other Person that shall have become a Lender hereunder pursuant to Section 2.09 or an Assignment and Assumption or otherwise, other than any such Person that ceases to be a Lender hereunder pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption


 
20 746154515.7 or otherwise. Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “Lenders” includes the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Bank. “Letters of Credit” means the letters of credit issued pursuant to this Agreement, and the term “Letter of Credit” means any one of them or each of them singularly, as the context may require. “Letter of Credit Agreement” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 2.06(b). “Liabilities” means any losses, claims (including intraparty claims), demands, damages or liabilities of any kind. “Lien” means, with respect to any asset, (a) any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset, (b) the interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such asset and (c) in the case of securities, any purchase option, call or similar right of a third party with respect to such securities. “Loan Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement, each promissory note issued pursuant to this Agreement, each Letter of Credit Agreement, each Collateral Document, each Compliance Certificate, the Loan Guaranty, and each other agreement, instrument, document and certificate executed and delivered to, or in favor of, the Administrative Agent or any Lender and including each other pledge, power of attorney, consent, assignment, contract, notice, letter of credit agreement, letter of credit application and any agreements between the Borrower Representative and the Issuing Bank regarding the Issuing Bank’s Issuing Bank Sublimit or the respective rights and obligations between the Borrowers and the Issuing Bank in connection with the issuance of Letters of Credit, and each other written matter whether heretofore, now or hereafter executed by or on behalf of any Loan Party, or any employee of any Loan Party, and delivered to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Any reference in this Agreement or any other Loan Document to a Loan Document shall include all appendices, exhibits or schedules thereto, and all amendments, restatements, supplements or other modifications thereto, and shall refer to this Agreement or such other Loan Document as the same may be in effect at any and all times such reference becomes operative. “Loan Guarantor” means each Loan Party. “Loan Guaranty” means Article X of this Agreement. “Loan Parties” means, collectively, Holdings, the Borrowers, the Borrowers’ Subsidiaries and any other Person who becomes a party to this Agreement pursuant to a Joinder Agreement and their respective successors and assigns, and the term “Loan Party” shall mean any one of them or all of them individually, as the context may require. “Loans” means the loans and advances made by the Lenders pursuant to this Agreement, including Swingline Loans. “Maintenance Capital Expenditures” means, for any period, an amount equal to 25% of depreciation expense for such period. “Margin Stock” means margin stock within the meaning of Regulations T, U and X, as applicable.


 
21 746154515.7 “Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect on (a) the business, assets, operations or condition, financial or otherwise, of Holdings and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (b) the ability of any Loan Party to pay any of its Obligations, (c) the Collateral, or the Administrative Agent’s Liens (on behalf of itself and the other Secured Parties) on the Collateral or the priority of such Liens, or (d) the rights of or remedies available to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or the Lenders under any of the Loan Documents. “Material Indebtedness” means Indebtedness (other than the Loans and Letters of Credit), or obligations in respect of one or more related Swap Agreements, of any one or more of Holdings and its Subsidiaries with an aggregate principal amount exceeding $10,000,000 for any individual facility. For purposes of determining Material Indebtedness, the “principal amount” of the obligations of Holdings or any Subsidiary in respect of any Swap Agreement at any time shall be the maximum aggregate amount (giving effect to any netting agreements) that Holdings or such Subsidiary would be required to pay if such Swap Agreement were terminated at such time. “Maximum Rate” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.17. “Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. “Multiemployer Plan” means a multiemployer plan as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA. “Net Income” means, for any period, the consolidated net income (or loss) determined for Holdings and its Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that there shall be excluded (a) the income (or deficit) of any Person accrued prior to the date it becomes a Subsidiary or is merged into or consolidated with Holdings or any Subsidiary, (b) the income (or deficit) of any Person (other than a Subsidiary) in which Holdings or any Subsidiary has an ownership interest, except to the extent that any such income is actually received by Holdings or such Subsidiary in the form of dividends or similar distributions and (c) the undistributed earnings of any Subsidiary, to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Subsidiary is not at the time permitted by the terms of any contractual obligation (other than under any Loan Document) or Requirement of Law applicable to such Subsidiary. “Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio” means, on any date, the ratio of (a) the sum of, without duplication, (i) Funded Indebtedness on such date plus (ii) Rental Expense for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on or most recently prior to such date multiplied by eight (8) plus (iii) Balance Sheet Lease Obligations on such date minus (iv) the aggregate amount of Unrestricted Cash as of such date in excess of $10,000,000 but less than $25,000,000 to (b) EBITDAR for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on or most recently prior to such date. “Net Proceeds” means, with respect to any event, (a) the cash proceeds received in respect of such event including (i) any cash received in respect of any non-cash proceeds (including any cash payments received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or purchase price adjustment receivable or otherwise, but excluding any interest payments), but only as and when received, (ii) in the case of a casualty, insurance proceeds and (iii) in the case of a condemnation or similar event, condemnation awards and similar payments, minus (b) the sum of (i) all reasonable fees and out-of- pocket expenses paid to third parties (other than Affiliates) in connection with such event, (ii) in the case of a Disposition of an asset (including pursuant to a sale and leaseback transaction or a casualty or a condemnation or similar proceeding), the amount of all payments required to be made as a result of such event to repay Indebtedness (other than Loans) secured by such asset or otherwise subject to mandatory prepayment as a result of such event and (iii) the amount of all taxes paid (or reasonably estimated to be payable) and the amount of any reserves established to fund contingent liabilities reasonably estimated to


 
22 746154515.7 be payable, in each case during the year that such event occurred or the next succeeding year and that are directly attributable to such event (as determined reasonably and in good faith by a Financial Officer of the Borrower Representative). “Non-Consenting Lender” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.02(d). “NYFRB” means the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. “NYFRB’s Website” means the website of the NYFRB at http://www.newyorkfed.org, or any successor source. “NYFRB Rate” means, for any day, the greater of (a) the Federal Funds Effective Rate in effect on such day and (b) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate in effect on such day (or for any day that is not a Business Day, for the immediately preceding Business Day); provided that if none of such rates are published for any day that is a Business Day, the term “NYFRB Rate” means the rate for a federal funds transaction quoted at 11:00 a.m. on such day received by the Administrative Agent from a federal funds broker of recognized standing selected by it; provided, further, that if any of the aforesaid rates as so determined would be less than 0.00%, such rate shall be deemed to be 0.00% for purposes of this Agreement. “Obligated Party” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 10.02. “Obligations” means all unpaid principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the Loans, all LC Exposure, all accrued and unpaid fees and all expenses, reimbursements, indemnities and other obligations and indebtedness (including interest and fees accruing during the pendency of any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding, regardless of whether allowed or allowable in such proceeding), obligations and liabilities of any of the Loan Parties to any of the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any indemnified party, individually or collectively, existing on the Effective Date or arising thereafter, direct or indirect, joint or several, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, arising by contract, operation of law or otherwise, arising or incurred under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or in respect of any of the Loans made or reimbursement or other obligations incurred or any of the Letters of Credit or other instruments at any time evidencing any thereof. “OFAC” means the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury. “Off-Balance Sheet Liability” of a Person means (a) any repurchase obligation or liability of such Person with respect to accounts or notes receivable sold by such Person, (b) any indebtedness, liability or obligation under any so-called “synthetic lease” transaction entered into by such Person, or (c) any indebtedness, liability or obligation arising with respect to any other transaction which is the functional equivalent of or takes the place of borrowing but which does not constitute a liability on the balance sheet of such Person (other than operating leases). “Original Effective Date” means May 12, 2021. “Other Connection Taxes” means, with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between such Recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Taxes (other than a connection arising from such Recipient having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any


 
23 746154515.7 other transaction pursuant to, or enforced, any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan, Letter of Credit, or any Loan Document). “Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document, except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 2.19). “Outside Store Deposit Accounts” means deposit accounts as reasonably necessary in the conduct of the business of the Borrowers and their Subsidiaries for the deposit of cash in locations where they have a Store, but no Administrative Agent branch is located within a reasonable distance of such Store, provided that the aggregate amount on deposit at any time at any such account shall not exceed $500,000 individually. “Overnight Bank Funding Rate” means, for any day, the rate comprised of both overnight federal funds and overnight eurodollar transactions denominated in Dollars by U.S.-managed banking offices of depository institutions (as such composite rate shall be determined by the NYFRB as set forth on the NYFRB’s Website from time to time) and published on the next succeeding Business Day by the NYFRB as an overnight bank funding rate. “Paid in Full” or “Payment in Full” means (i) the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all outstanding Loans and LC Disbursements, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (ii) the termination, expiration, or cancellation and return of all outstanding Letters of Credit (or alternatively, with respect to each such Letter of Credit, the furnishing to the Administrative Agent of a cash deposit, or at the discretion of the Administrative Agent a back-up standby letter of credit satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Bank, in an amount equal to 105% of the LC Exposure as of the date of such payment), (iii) the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the accrued and unpaid fees, (iv) the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all reimbursable expenses and other Secured Obligations (other than Unliquidated Obligations for which no claim has been made and other obligations expressly stated to survive such payment and termination of this Agreement), together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (v) the termination of all Commitments, and (vi) the termination of the Swap Agreement Obligations and the Banking Services Obligations or entering into other arrangements satisfactory to the Secured Parties counterparties thereto. “Participant” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.04(c). “Participant Register” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.04(c). “Payment” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 8.06(c). “Payment Notice” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 8.06(c). “PBGC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation referred to and defined in ERISA and any successor entity performing similar functions. “Permitted Acquisition” means any Acquisition (including any Franchise Acquisition) by any Loan Party in a transaction that satisfies each of the following requirements: (a) such Acquisition is not a hostile or contested acquisition; (b) the business acquired in connection with such Acquisition is (i) located in the U.S.,


 
24 746154515.7 (ii) organized under applicable U.S. and state laws, and (iii) not engaged, directly or indirectly, in any line of business other than the businesses in which the Loan Parties are engaged on the Effective Date and any business activities that are substantially similar, related, or incidental thereto; (c) both before and after giving effect to such Acquisition and the Loans (if any) requested to be made in connection therewith, each of the representations and warranties in the Loan Documents is true and correct and no Default exists, will exist, or would result therefrom; (d) other than in the case of any Franchise Acquisition with total consideration (including the maximum potential total amount of all deferred payment obligations (including earn- outs) and Indebtedness assumed or incurred) of less than $15,000,000, as soon as available, but not less than thirty (30) days prior to such Acquisition, the Borrower Representative has provided the Administrative Agent (i) notice of such Acquisition, (ii) documentation relating to the Acquisition reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, and (iii) a copy of all business and financial information reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent including pro forma financial statements; (e) the total consideration (including the maximum potential total amount of all deferred payment obligations (including earn-outs) and Indebtedness assumed or incurred) paid in connection with such Acquisition shall not exceed $25,000,000 for all Permitted Acquisitions made during any fiscal year of Holdings, plus an unlimited additional amount so long as the Net Lease- Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio, calculated on a pro forma basis for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 5.01(b) after giving effect to such Acquisition, is equal to or less than the lesser of (x) 4.50 to 1.00 and (y) the maximum Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio then permitted under Section 6.12(a) as of such last day of such fiscal quarter; (f) if such Acquisition is an acquisition of the Equity Interests of a Person, such Acquisition is structured so that the acquired Person shall become a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Holdings and a Loan Party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement; (g) if such Acquisition is an acquisition of assets, such Acquisition is structured so that a Borrower or another Loan Party shall acquire such assets; (h) if such Acquisition is an acquisition of Equity Interests, such Acquisition will not result in any violation of Regulation U; (i) if such Acquisition involves a merger or a consolidation involving a Borrower or any other Loan Party, such Borrower or such Loan Party, as applicable, shall be the surviving entity; (j) no Loan Party shall, as a result of or in connection with any such Acquisition, assume or incur any direct or contingent liabilities (whether relating to environmental, tax, litigation, or other matters) that could have a Material Adverse Effect; (k) in connection with an Acquisition of the Equity Interests of any Person, all Liens on property of such Person shall be terminated unless permitted pursuant to Section 6.02 or the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in their sole discretion consent otherwise, and in connection with an Acquisition of the assets of any Person, all Liens on such assets shall be terminated unless permitted pursuant to Section 6.02 or the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in their sole discretion consent otherwise;


 
25 746154515.7 (l) the Borrower Representative shall certify to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders (and provide the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with a pro forma calculation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) that, after giving effect to the completion of such Acquisition, on a pro forma basis and at all times immediately prior to the consummation of such Acquisition, the Loan Parties will be in compliance with the covenants contained in Section 6.12; (m) all actions required to be taken with respect to any newly acquired or formed wholly-owned Subsidiary of a Loan Party required under Section 5.14 shall have been taken; and (n) the Borrower Representative shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent the final executed documentation relating to such Acquisition within five (5) Business Days following the consummation thereof. “Permitted Encumbrances” means: (a) Liens imposed by law for Taxes that are not yet due or are being contested in compliance with Section 5.04; (b) carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s, customs brokers’, landlords’ and other like Liens imposed by law, arising in the ordinary course of business and securing obligations that are not overdue by more than thirty (30) days, or remain payable without penalty, or are being contested in compliance with Section 5.04; (c) pledges and deposits made in the ordinary course of business in compliance with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security laws or regulations; (d) deposits to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts, leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature, in each case in the ordinary course of business; (e) judgment Liens in respect of judgments that do not constitute an Event of Default under clause (k) of Article VII; and (f) easements, zoning restrictions, rights-of-way and similar encumbrances on real property imposed by law or arising in the ordinary course of business that do not secure any monetary obligations and do not materially detract from the value of the affected property or interfere with the ordinary conduct of business of Holdings or any Subsidiary; provided that the term “Permitted Encumbrances” shall not include any Lien securing Indebtedness. “Permitted Holders” means (i) the Sponsor and (ii) each of (a) Travis Boersma, (b) the spouse and lineal descendants (whether by blood or adoption) of Travis Boersma, (c) any trust or other estate planning vehicle for the primary benefit of any Person described in clauses (ii)(a) and (ii)(b), (d) the estate of any Person described in clauses (ii)(a) and (ii)(b), and (e) partnerships, limited liability companies or other entities which are controlled by any combination of the Persons described in clauses (ii)(a) and (ii)(b). “Permitted Investments” means: (a) direct obligations of, or obligations the principal of and interest on which are unconditionally guaranteed by, the U.S. (or by any agency thereof to the extent such obligations


 
26 746154515.7 are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.), in each case maturing within one year from the date of acquisition thereof; (b) investments in commercial paper maturing within 270 days from the date of acquisition thereof and having, at such date of acquisition, the highest credit rating obtainable from S&P or from Moody’s; (c) investments in certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits maturing within 180 days from the date of acquisition thereof issued or guaranteed by or placed with, and money market deposit accounts issued or offered by, any domestic office of any commercial bank organized under the laws of the U.S. or any state thereof which has a combined capital and surplus and undivided profits of not less than $500,000,000; (d) fully collateralized repurchase agreements with a term of not more than 30 days for securities described in clause (a) above and entered into with a financial institution satisfying the criteria described in clause (c) above; and (e) money market funds that (i) comply with the criteria set forth in Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, (ii) are rated AAA by S&P and Aaa by Moody’s and (iii) have portfolio assets of at least $5,000,000,000. “Permitted Tax Distributions” means, for any period, (a) so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom, Holdings may pay dividends or make distributions to its members (and the Borrowers and the Subsidiaries may pay dividends or make distributions to Holdings to make such dividends and distributions) in an aggregate amount equal to the “Required Tax Distribution Amount” as such term is defined in Holdings’ Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2021 and as in effect on the Effective Date, and (b) at any time an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom, Holdings may pay dividends or make distributions to its members (and the Borrowers and the Subsidiaries may pay dividends or make distributions to Holdings to make such dividends and distributions) in an aggregate amount not greater than the amount necessary for Public Parent to pay Public Parent Tax Obligations. “Permitted Tax Distribution Returns” means contributions from the proceeds of Permitted Tax Distributions by Public Parent (directly or indirectly) to the Borrowers in an amount equal to (i) Permitted Tax Distributions for such period less (ii) (a) the Public Parent Tax Obligations for such period, and (b) sufficient cash to fund Public Parent’s reasonable and customary operating expenses paid or payable for such period. “Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity. “Plan” means any employee pension benefit plan (other than a Multiemployer Plan) subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, and in respect of which any Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate is (or, if such plan were terminated, would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) an “employer” as defined in Section 3(5) of ERISA. “Plan Asset Regulations” means 29 CFR § 2510.3-101 et seq., as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA, as amended from time to time. “Prepayment Event” means:


 
27 746154515.7 (a) any Disposition (including pursuant to a sale and leaseback transaction) of any property or asset of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary (other than Dispositions described in Section 6.05(a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (g) and (h) and other than, for the avoidance of doubt, any Disposition of aircraft, engines or related aircraft property by the Aircraft Trust) with a fair market value equal to or greater than $10,000,000; or (b) any casualty or other insured damage to, or any taking under power of eminent domain or by condemnation or similar proceeding of, any property or asset of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary with a fair market value immediately prior to such event equal to or greater than $10,000,000; or (c) [reserved]; or (d) the incurrence by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary of any Indebtedness, other than Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01. “Prime Rate” means the rate of interest last quoted by The Wall Street Journal as the “Prime Rate” in the U.S. or, if The Wall Street Journal ceases to quote such rate, the highest per annum interest rate published by the Federal Reserve Board in Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 (519) (Selected Interest Rates) as the “bank prime loan” rate or, if such rate is no longer quoted therein, any similar rate quoted therein (as determined by the Administrative Agent) or any similar release by the Federal Reserve Board (as determined by the Administrative Agent). Each change in the Prime Rate shall be effective from and including the date such change is publicly announced or quoted as being effective. “Proceeding” means any claim, litigation, investigation, action, suit, arbitration or administrative, judicial or regulatory action or proceeding in any jurisdiction. “Projections” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.01(f). “PTE” means a prohibited transaction class exemption issued by the U.S. Department of Labor, as any such exemption may be amended from time to time. “Public Parent” means Dutch Bros Inc., a Delaware corporation. “Public Parent Tax Obligations” means, for any period, the sum of (i) the actual state and U.S. federal income tax liabilities of the Public Parent in respect of the “Income Amount” as defined in Holdings’ Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2021 and as in effect on the Effective Date, and (ii) amounts owing by Public Parent for such period under the tax receivables agreements entered into in connection with the initial public offering of Public Parent. “QFC” has the meaning assigned to the term “qualified financial contract” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 5390(c)(8)(D). “QFC Credit Support” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 9.21. “Qualified ECP Guarantor” means, in respect of any Swap Obligation, each Loan Party that has total assets exceeding $10,000,000 at the time the relevant Loan Guaranty or grant of the relevant security interest becomes or would become effective with respect to such Swap Obligation or such other person as constitutes an “eligible contract participant” under the Commodity Exchange Act or any regulations promulgated thereunder and can cause another person to qualify as an “eligible contract participant” at such time by entering into a keepwell under Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act.


 
28 746154515.7 “Real Property” means all real property that was, is now or may hereafter be owned, occupied or otherwise controlled by any Loan Party pursuant to any contract of sale, lease or other conveyance of any legal interest in any real property to any Loan Party. “Recipient” means, as applicable, (a) the Administrative Agent, (b) any Lender and (c) any Issuing Bank, or any combination thereof (as the context requires). “Reference Time” with respect to any setting of the then-current Benchmark means (1) if such Benchmark is the Term SOFR Rate, 5:00 a.m. (Chicago time) on the day that is two (2) Business Days preceding the date of such setting, (2) if such Benchmark is Adjusted Daily Simple SFOR, then four (4) Business Days prior to such setting, or (3) if such Benchmark is none of the Term SOFR Rate or Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR, the time determined by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion. “Refinance Indebtedness” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.01(f). “Register” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.04(b). “Regulation D” means Regulation D of the Federal Reserve Board, as in effect from time to time and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder or thereof. “Regulation T” means Regulation T of the Federal Reserve Board, as in effect from time to time and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder or thereof. “Regulation U” means Regulation U of the Federal Reserve Board, as in effect from time to time and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder or thereof. “Regulation X” means Regulation X of the Federal Reserve Board, as in effect from time to time and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder or thereof. “Related Parties” means, with respect to any specified Person, such Person’s Affiliates and the respective directors, officers, partners, members, trustees, employees, agents, administrators, managers, representatives and advisors of such Person and such Person’s Affiliates. “Release” means any releasing, spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, migrating, disposing, or dumping of any substance into the environment. “Relevant Governmental Body” means the Federal Reserve Board and/or the NYFRB, the CME Term SOFR Administrator, as applicable, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Federal Reserve Board and/or the NYFRB, or, in each case, any successor thereto. “Relevant Rate” means (i) with respect to any Term Benchmark Borrowing, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate or (ii) with respect to any RFR Borrowing, the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR, as applicable. “Rental Expense” means, with reference to any period, the aggregate fixed amounts payable by Holdings and its Subsidiaries under any operating leases for real property (but excluding lease termination expenses and lease exit costs, whether accounted for as restructuring costs, lease expense or otherwise), calculated for Holdings and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis for such period in accordance with GAAP, for the avoidance of doubt, excluding any payments with respect to Balance Sheet Lease Obligations; provided that Rental Expense shall not be reduced by any rental income.


 
29 746154515.7 “Report” means reports prepared by the Administrative Agent or another Person showing the results of appraisals, field examinations or audits pertaining to the assets of the Loan Parties from information furnished by or on behalf of the Borrowers, after the Administrative Agent has exercised its rights of inspection pursuant to this Agreement, which Reports may be distributed to the Lenders by the Administrative Agent. “Required Lenders” means, subject to Section 2.20, (a) at any time prior to the earlier of the Loans becoming due and payable pursuant to Article VII or the Commitments terminating or expiring, Lenders having Credit Exposure and Unfunded Commitments representing more than 50% of the sum of the Aggregate Credit Exposure and Unfunded Commitments at such time; and (b) for all purposes after the Loans become due and payable pursuant to Article VII or the Commitments expire or terminate, Lenders having Credit Exposure representing more than 50% of the Aggregate Credit Exposure at such time; provided that, in the case of clauses (a) and (b) above, the Credit Exposure of any Lender that is a Swingline Lender shall be deemed to exclude any amount of its Swingline Exposure in excess of its Applicable Percentage of all outstanding Swingline Loans, adjusted to give effect to any reallocation under Section 2.20 of the Swingline Exposures of Defaulting Lenders in effect at such time, and the Unfunded Commitment of such Lender shall be determined on the basis of its Revolving Exposure excluding such excess amount; provided, further, that, (i) as long as there are only two unaffiliated Lenders, Required Lenders shall mean both Lenders and (ii) as long as there are three or more unaffiliated Lenders, at least two unaffiliated Lenders will be required to constitute Required Lenders. “Requirement of Law” means, with respect to any Person, (a) the charter, articles or certificate of organization or incorporation and bylaws or operating, management or partnership agreement, or other organizational or governing documents of such Person and (b) any statute, law (including common law), treaty, rule, regulation, code, ordinance, order, decree, writ, judgment, injunction or determination of any arbitrator or court or other Governmental Authority (including Environmental Laws), in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property or to which such Person or any of its property is subject. “Resolution Authority” means an EEA Resolution Authority or, with respect to any UK Financial Institution, a UK Resolution Authority. “Responsible Officer” means the president, Financial Officer or other executive officer of a Borrower. “Restricted Payment” means any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) with respect to any Equity Interest in Holdings, any Borrower or any Subsidiary, or any payment (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any such Equity Interests or any option, warrant or other right to acquire any such Equity Interests. “Reuters” means, as applicable, Thomson Reuters Corp, Refinitiv, or any successor thereto. “Revolving Borrowing” means Revolving Loans of the same Type, made, converted or continued on the same date and, in the case of Term Benchmark Loans, as to which a single Interest Period is in effect. “Revolving Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender, the amount set forth on the Commitment Schedule opposite such Lender’s name, or in the Assignment and Assumption or other documentation or record (as such term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(70) of the New York Uniform Commercial Code) as provided in Section 9.04(b)(ii)(C), pursuant to which such Lender shall have assumed its Revolving Commitment, as applicable, as such Revolving Commitment may be reduced or increased


 
30 746154515.7 from time to time pursuant to (a) Section 2.09 and (b) assignments by or to such Lender pursuant to Section 9.04; provided that at no time shall the Revolving Exposure of any Lender exceed its Revolving Commitment. The initial aggregate amount of the Lenders’ Revolving Commitments on the Effective Date is $250,000,000. “Revolving Credit Maturity Date” means February 28, 2027 (if the same is a Business Day, or if not then the immediately next succeeding Business Day), or any earlier date on which the Revolving Commitments are reduced to zero or otherwise terminated pursuant to the terms hereof. “Revolving Exposure” means, with respect to any Lender, at any time, the sum of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of such Lender’s Revolving Loans and its LC Exposure and its Swingline Exposure at such time. “Revolving Lender” means, as of any date of determination, a Lender with a Revolving Commitment or, if the Revolving Commitments have terminated or expired, a Lender with Revolving Exposure. “Revolving Loan” means a Loan made pursuant to Section 2.01(a). “Revolving Loan Availability” means, at any time, an amount equal to (a) the aggregate Revolving Commitments minus (b) the Aggregate Revolving Exposure (calculated, with respect to any Defaulting Lender, as if such Defaulting Lender had funded its Applicable Percentage of all outstanding Borrowings). “RFR Borrowing” means, as to any Borrowing, the RFR Loans comprising such Borrowing. “RFR Loan” means a Loan that bears interest at a rate based on the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR. “S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC business. “Sale and Leaseback Transaction” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.06. “Sanctioned Country” means, at any time, a country, region or territory which is itself the subject or target of any Sanctions (including, at the time of this Agreement, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria). “Sanctioned Person” means, at any time, (a) any Person listed in any Sanctions-related list of designated Persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State, (b) any Person operating, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country, (c) any Person owned or controlled by any such Person or Persons described in the foregoing clause (a) or (b), or (d) any Person otherwise the subject of any Sanctions. “Sanctions” means all economic or financial sanctions or trade embargoes imposed, administered or enforced from time to time by the U.S. government, including those administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State. “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission of the U.S. “Secured Obligations” means all Obligations, together with all (i) Banking Services Obligations and (ii) Swap Agreement Obligations owing to the Administrative Agent, one or more Lenders or their respective Affiliates; provided, however, that the definition of “Secured Obligations” shall not create any


 
31 746154515.7 guarantee by any Guarantor of (or grant of security interest by any Guarantor to support, as applicable) any Excluded Swap Obligations of such Guarantor for purposes of determining any obligations of any Guarantor. “Secured Parties” means (a) the Lenders, (b) the Administrative Agent, (c) each Issuing Bank, (d) each provider of Banking Services, to the extent the Banking Services Obligations in respect thereof constitute Secured Obligations, (e) each counterparty to any Swap Agreement, to the extent the obligations thereunder constitute Secured Obligations, (f) the beneficiaries of each indemnification obligation undertaken by any Loan Party under any Loan Document, and (g) the successors and assigns of each of the foregoing. “Security Agreement” means that certain Amended and Restated Pledge and Security Agreement (including any and all supplements thereto), dated as of the date hereof, among the Loan Parties and the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, and any other pledge or security agreement entered into after the date of this Agreement by any other Loan Party (as required by this Agreement or any other Loan Document) or any other Person for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. “SOFR” means a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the SOFR Administrator. “SOFR Administrator” means the NYFRB (or a successor administrator of the secured overnight financing rate). “SOFR Administrator’s Website” means the NYFRB’s website, currently at http://www.newyorkfed.org, or any successor source for the secured overnight financing rate identified as such by the SOFR Administrator from time to time. “SOFR Determination Date” has the meaning specified in the definition of “Daily Simple SOFR”. “SOFR Rate Day” has the meaning specified in the definition of “Daily Simple SOFR”. “Sponsor” means TSG Consumer Partners, LP, together with its Sponsor Fund Affiliates. “Sponsor Fund Affiliate” means a controlled fund or investment vehicle that (a) is organized, administered or managed by the Sponsor or (b) has the same principal fund advisor as the Sponsor, but, in each case, not including the Sponsor’s portfolio companies. “Standby LC Exposure” means, at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate undrawn amount of all standby Letters of Credit outstanding at such time plus (b) the aggregate amount of all LC Disbursements relating to standby Letters of Credit that have not yet been reimbursed by or on behalf of the Borrowers at such time. The Standby LC Exposure of any Revolving Lender at any time shall be its Applicable Percentage of the aggregate Standby LC Exposure at such time. “Statements” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(f). “Store” means a company-owned retail location operated by any Loan Party.


 
32 746154515.7 “Subordinated Indebtedness” of a Person means any Indebtedness of such Person, the payment of which is subordinated to payment of the Secured Obligations to the written satisfaction of the Administrative Agent. “subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person (the “parent”) at any date, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity, the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of the parent in the parent’s consolidated financial statements if such financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP as of such date, as well as any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity (a) of which securities or other ownership interests representing more than 50% of the equity or more than 50% of the ordinary voting power or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the general partnership interests are, as of such date, owned, controlled or held, or (b) that is, as of such date, otherwise Controlled, by the parent and/or one or more subsidiaries of the parent. “Subsidiary” means any direct or indirect subsidiary of Holdings, a Borrower or a Loan Party, as applicable; provided that, although the assets, income and liabilities of the Aircraft Trust are included in the financial statements of Holdings, the Aircraft Trust shall be deemed not to be a Subsidiary solely to the extent that (i) the Aircraft Trust does not own or hold any assets besides aircraft, engines and related aircraft property and (ii) the Aircraft Trust does not have any business or operations besides holding aircraft, engines and related aircraft property in trust for the benefit of the applicable Loan Party. “Supported QFC” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 9.21. “Swap Agreement” means any agreement with respect to any swap, forward, spot, future, credit default or derivative transaction or option or similar agreement involving, or settled by reference to, one or more rates, currencies, commodities, equity or debt instruments or securities, or economic, financial or pricing indices or measures of economic, financial or pricing risk or value or any similar transaction or any combination of these transactions; provided that no phantom stock or similar plan providing for payments only on account of services provided by current or former directors, officers, employees or consultants of the Borrowers or their Subsidiaries shall be a Swap Agreement. “Swap Agreement Obligations” means any and all obligations of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, whether absolute or contingent and howsoever and whensoever created, arising, evidenced or acquired (including all renewals, extensions and modifications thereof and substitutions therefor), under (a) any Swap Agreement permitted hereunder with the Administrative Agent, a Lender or any of their respective Affiliates, and (b) any cancellations, buy backs, reversals, terminations or assignments of any Swap Agreement transaction permitted hereunder with the Administrative Agent, a Lender or any of their respective Affiliates. “Swap Obligation” means, with respect to any Guarantor, any obligation to pay or perform under any agreement, contract or transaction that constitutes a “swap” within the meaning of section 1a(47) of the Commodity Exchange Act or any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder. “Swingline Commitment” means the amount set forth opposite Chase’s name on the Commitment Schedule as “Swingline Commitment”. “Swingline Exposure” means, at any time, the aggregate principal amount of all Swingline Loans outstanding at such time. The Swingline Exposure of any Revolving Lender at any time shall be the sum of (a) its Applicable Percentage of the aggregate principal amount of all Swingline Loans outstanding at such time (excluding, in the case of any Lender that is a Swingline Lender, Swingline Loans made by it that are outstanding at such time to the extent that the other Lenders shall not have funded their


 
33 746154515.7 participations in such Swingline Loans), adjusted to give effect to any reallocation under Section 2.20 of the Swingline Exposure of Defaulting Lenders in effect at such time, and (b) in the case of any Revolving Lender that is the Swingline Lender, the aggregate principal amount of all Swingline Loans made by such Revolving Lender outstanding at such time, less the amount of participations funded by the other Lenders in such Swingline Loans. “Swingline Lender” means Chase (or any of its designated branch offices or affiliates), in its capacity as lender of Swingline Loans hereunder. Any consent required of the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Bank shall be deemed to be required of the Swingline Lender and any consent given by Chase in its capacity as Administrative Agent or Issuing Bank shall be deemed given by Chase in its capacity as Swingline Lender as well. “Swingline Loan” means a Loan made pursuant to Section 2.05. “Taxes” means any and all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), value added taxes, or any other goods and services, use or sales taxes, assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto. “Term A Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender, the commitment, if any, of such Lender to make a Term A Loan, expressed as an amount representing the maximum principal amount of the Term A Loan to be made by such Lender, as such commitment may be reduced or increased from time to time pursuant to (a) Section 2.09 and (b) assignments by or to such Lender pursuant to Section 9.04. The initial amount of each Lender’s Term A Commitment is set forth on the Commitment Schedule or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender shall have assumed its Term A Commitment, as applicable. The aggregate amount of the Lenders’ Term A Commitment on the Effective Date is $100,000,000. “Term A Lender” means a Lender having a Term A Commitment or an outstanding Term A Loan. “Term A Loan” means a Loan made pursuant to Section 2.01(b) or 2.09(e). “Term Commitments” means, collectively, the Term A Commitments and the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments. “Term Loans” means, collectively, the Term A Loans and the Delayed Draw Term Loans. “Term Maturity Date” means February 28, 2027. “Term SOFR Determination Day” has the meaning assigned to it under the definition of Term SOFR Reference Rate. “Term SOFR Rate” means, with respect to any Term Benchmark Borrowing and for any tenor comparable to the applicable Interest Period, the Term SOFR Reference Rate at approximately 5:00 a.m., Chicago time, two (2) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to the commencement of such tenor comparable to the applicable Interest Period, as such rate is published by the CME Term SOFR Administrator. “Term SOFR Reference Rate” means, for any day and time (such day, the “Term SOFR Determination Day”), and for any tenor comparable to the applicable Interest Period, the rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent as the forward-looking term rate based on SOFR. If by 5:00 pm


 
34 746154515.7 (New York City time) on such Term SOFR Determination Day, the “Term SOFR Reference Rate” for the applicable tenor has not been published by the CME Term SOFR Administrator and a Benchmark Replacement Date with respect to the Term SOFR Rate has not occurred, then the Term SOFR Reference Rate for such Term SOFR Determination Day will be the Term SOFR Reference Rate as published in respect of the first preceding U.S. Government Securities Business Day for which such Term SOFR Reference Rate was published by the CME Term SOFR Administrator, so long as such first preceding Business Day is not more than five (5) Business Days prior to such Term SOFR Determination Day. “Transactions” means the execution, delivery and performance by the Borrowers of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, the borrowing of Loans and other credit extensions, the use of the proceeds thereof and the issuance of Letters of Credit hereunder. “Type”, when used in reference to any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether the rate of interest on such Loan, or on the Loans comprising such Borrowing, is determined by reference to the Term SOFR Rate or the Alternate Base Rate. “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York or in any other state, the laws of which are required to be applied in connection with the issue of perfection of security interests. “UK Financial Institution” means any BRRD Undertaking (as such term is defined under the PRA Rulebook (as amended from time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Prudential Regulation Authority) or any person falling within IFPRU 11.6 of the FCA Handbook (as amended from time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which includes certain credit institutions and investment firms, and certain affiliates of such credit institutions or investment firms. “UK Resolution Authority” means the Bank of England or any other public administrative authority having responsibility for the resolution of any UK Financial Institution. “Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement excluding the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment. “Unfunded Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender (i) the Revolving Commitment of such Lender less its Revolving Exposure plus (ii) the outstanding Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment of such Lender. “Unliquidated Obligations” means, at any time, any Secured Obligations (or portion thereof) that are contingent in nature or unliquidated at such time, including any Secured Obligation that is: (i) an obligation to reimburse a bank for drawings not yet made under a letter of credit issued by it; (ii) any other obligation (including any guarantee) that is contingent in nature at such time; or (iii) an obligation to provide collateral to secure any of the foregoing types of obligations. “Unrestricted Cash” means cash of Holdings and its Subsidiaries that (i) would not appear as “restricted” on the financial statements of Holdings and its Subsidiaries (unless related to a restriction in favor of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties) and (ii) is in an account with the Administrative Agent or an account subject to an account control agreement in favor of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties. “U.S.” means the United States of America.


 
35 746154515.7 “U.S. Government Securities Business Day” means any day except for (i) a Saturday, (ii) a Sunday or (iii) a day on which the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association recommends that the fixed income departments of its members be closed for the entire day for purposes of trading in United States government securities. “U.S. Person” means a “United States person” within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code. “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” has the meaning assigned to it in Section 9.21. “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.17(f)(ii)(B)(3). “USA PATRIOT Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. “Withdrawal Liability” means liability to a Multiemployer Plan as a result of a complete or partial withdrawal from such Multiemployer Plan, as such terms are defined in Part I of Subtitle E of Title IV of ERISA. “Write-Down and Conversion Powers” means (a) with respect to any EEA Resolution Authority, the write-down and conversion powers of such EEA Resolution Authority from time to time under the Bail- In Legislation for the applicable EEA Member Country, which write-down and conversion powers are described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule, and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, any powers of the applicable Resolution Authority under the Bail-In Legislation to cancel, reduce, modify or change the form of a liability of any UK Financial Institution or any contract or instrument under which that liability arises, to convert all or part of that liability into shares, securities or obligations of that person or any other person, to provide that any such contract or instrument is to have effect as if a right had been exercised under it or to suspend any obligation in respect of that liability or any of the powers under that Bail-In Legislation that are related to or ancillary to any of those powers. SECTION 1.02 Classification of Loans and Borrowings. For purposes of this Agreement, Loans may be classified and referred to by Class (e.g., a “Revolving Loan”) or by Type (e.g., a “Term Benchmark Loan” or an “RFR Loan”) or by Class and Type (e.g., a “Term Benchmark Revolving Loan” or an “RFR Revolving Loan”). Borrowings also may be classified and referred to by Class (e.g., a “Revolving Borrowing”) or by Type (e.g., a “Term Benchmark Borrowing” or an “RFR Borrowing”) or by Class and Type (e.g., a “Term Benchmark Revolving Borrowing” or an “RFR Revolving Borrowing”). SECTION 1.03 Terms Generally. The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. The words “include”, “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation”. The word “law” shall be construed as referring to all statutes, rules, regulations, codes and other laws (including official rulings and interpretations thereunder having the force of law or with which affected Persons customarily comply) and all judgments, orders and decrees of all Governmental Authorities. The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall”. Unless the context requires otherwise (a) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document herein shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, restatements, supplements or modifications set forth herein), (b) any definition of or reference to any statute, rule or regulation shall be construed as referring thereto as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise


 
36 746154515.7 modified (including by succession of comparable successor laws), (c) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns (subject to any restrictions on assignments set forth herein) and, in the case of any Governmental Authority, any other Governmental Authority that shall have succeeded to any or all functions thereof, (d) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and words of similar import, shall be construed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof, (e) all references herein to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, this Agreement, (f) any reference in any definition to the phrase “at any time” or “for any period” shall refer to the same time or period for all calculations or determinations within such definition, and (g) the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights. SECTION 1.04 Accounting Terms; GAAP. (a) Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all terms of an accounting or financial nature shall be construed in accordance with GAAP, as in effect from time to time; provided that, if after the date hereof there occurs any change in GAAP or in the application thereof on the operation of any provision hereof and the Borrower Representative notifies the Administrative Agent that the Borrowers request an amendment to any provision hereof to eliminate the effect of such change in GAAP or in the application thereof (or if the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower Representative that the Required Lenders request an amendment to any provision hereof for such purpose), regardless of whether any such notice is given before or after such change in GAAP or in the application thereof, then such provision shall be interpreted on the basis of GAAP as in effect and applied immediately before such change shall have become effective until such notice shall have been withdrawn or such provision amended in accordance herewith. Notwithstanding any other provision contained herein, all terms of an accounting or financial nature used herein shall be construed, and all computations of amounts and ratios referred to herein shall be made, (i) without giving effect to any election under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 825-10-25 (or any other Accounting Standards Codification or Financial Accounting Standard having a similar result or effect) to value any Indebtedness or other liabilities of Holdings or any Subsidiary at “fair value”, as defined therein and (ii) without giving effect to any treatment of Indebtedness under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 470-20 or 2015-03 (or any other Accounting Standards Codification or Financial Accounting Standard having a similar result or effect) to value any such Indebtedness in a reduced or bifurcated manner as described therein, and such Indebtedness shall at all times be valued at the full stated principal amount thereof. (b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 1.04(a) or in the definition of “Capital Lease Obligations”, any change in accounting for leases pursuant to GAAP resulting from the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“FAS 842”), to the extent such adoption would require treating any lease (or similar arrangement conveying the right to use) differently than such lease (or similar arrangement) was (or would have been required to be) treated under GAAP as in effect on December 31, 2015, shall be disregarded for purposes of all calculations and deliverables under this Agreement or any other Loan Document. SECTION 1.05 Interest Rates; Benchmark Notifications. The interest rate on a Loan denominated in dollars may be derived from an interest rate benchmark that may be discontinued or is, or may in the future become, the subject of regulatory reform. Upon the occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event, Section 2.14(b) provides a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest. The Administrative Agent does not warrant or accept any responsibility for, and shall not have any liability with respect to, the administration, submission, performance or any other matter related to any interest rate used in this Agreement, or with respect to any alternative or successor rate thereto, or replacement rate thereof, including without limitation, whether the composition or characteristics of any such alternative, successor


 
37 746154515.7 or replacement reference rate will be similar to, or produce the same value or economic equivalence of, the existing interest rate being replaced or have the same volume or liquidity as did any existing interest rate prior to its discontinuance or unavailability. The Administrative Agent and its affiliates and/or other related entities may engage in transactions that affect the calculation of any interest rate used in this Agreement or any alternative, successor or alternative rate (including any Benchmark Replacement) and/or any relevant adjustments thereto, in each case, in a manner adverse to the Borrowers. The Administrative Agent may select information sources or services in its reasonable discretion to ascertain any interest rate used in this Agreement, any component thereof, or rates referenced in the definition thereof, in each case pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and shall have no liability to any Borrower, any Lender or any other person or entity for damages of any kind, including direct or indirect, special, punitive, incidental or consequential damages, costs, losses or expenses (whether in tort, contract or otherwise and whether at law or in equity), for any error or calculation of any such rate (or component thereof) provided by any such information source or service. SECTION 1.06 Pro Forma Adjustments for Acquisitions and Dispositions. To the extent a Borrower or any Subsidiary makes any Acquisition permitted pursuant to Section 6.04 or Disposition outside the ordinary course of business permitted by Section 6.05 during the period of four fiscal quarters of Holdings most recently ended, the Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto (including pro forma adjustments that are reasonably expected by the Borrowers to be realized or result from actions that have been taken in connection with or arising out of events which are directly attributable to the Acquisition or the Disposition, are factually supportable (in the good faith determination of the Borrowers) and are expected to have a continuing impact, in each case as determined on a basis consistent with Article 11 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as interpreted by the SEC, and as certified by a Financial Officer of such Borrower), as if such Acquisition or such Disposition (and any related incurrence, repayment or assumption of Indebtedness) had occurred in the first day of such four-quarter period. SECTION 1.07 Status of Obligations. In the event that any Borrower or any other Loan Party shall at any time issue or have outstanding any Subordinated Indebtedness, such Borrower shall take or cause such other Loan Party to take all such actions as shall be necessary to cause the Secured Obligations to constitute senior indebtedness (however denominated) in respect of such Subordinated Indebtedness and to enable the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to have and exercise any payment blockage or other remedies available or potentially available to holders of senior indebtedness under the terms of such Subordinated Indebtedness. Without limiting the foregoing, the Secured Obligations are hereby designated as “senior indebtedness” and as “designated senior indebtedness” and words of similar import under and in respect of any indenture or other agreement or instrument under which such Subordinated Indebtedness is outstanding and are further given all such other designations as shall be required under the terms of any such Subordinated Indebtedness in order that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may have and exercise any payment blockage or other remedies available or potentially available to holders of senior indebtedness under the terms of such Subordinated Indebtedness. SECTION 1.08 Letters of Credit. Unless otherwise specified herein, the amount of a Letter of Credit at any time shall be deemed to be the amount of such Letter of Credit available to be drawn at such time; provided that with respect to any Letter of Credit that, by its terms or the terms of any Letter of Credit Agreement related thereto, provides for one or more automatic increases in the available amount thereof, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be the maximum amount of such Letter of Credit after giving effect to all such increases, whether or not such maximum amount is available to be drawn at such time. For all purposes of this Agreement, if on any date of determination a Letter of Credit has expired by its terms but any amount may still be drawn thereunder by reason of the operation of Article 29(a) of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 600 (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the applicable time) or Rule 3.13 or Rule 3.14


 
38 746154515.7 of the International Standby Practices, International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 590 (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the applicable time) or similar terms of the Letter of Credit itself, or if compliant documents have been presented but not yet honored, such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be “outstanding” and “undrawn” in the amount so remaining available to be paid, and the obligations of each Borrower and each Lender shall remain in full force and effect until the Issuing Banks and the Lenders shall have no further obligations to make any payments or disbursements under any circumstances with respect to any Letter of Credit. SECTION 1.09 Divisions. For all purposes under the Loan Documents, in connection with any Division or plan of division under Delaware law (or any comparable event under a different jurisdiction’s laws): (a) if any asset, right, obligation or liability of any Person becomes the asset, right, obligation or liability of a different Person, then it shall be deemed to have been transferred from the original Person to the subsequent Person, and (b) if any new Person comes into existence, such new Person shall be deemed to have been organized and acquired on the first date of its existence by the holders of its Equity Interests at such time. SECTION 1.10 Rounding. Any financial ratios required to be maintained by any Loan Party pursuant to this Agreement shall be calculated by dividing the appropriate component by the other component, carrying the result to one place more than the number of places by which such ratio is expressed herein and rounding the result up or down to the nearest number (with a rounding-up if there is no nearest number). ARTICLE II THE CREDITS SECTION 2.01 Commitments. (a) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Revolving Lender severally (and not jointly) agrees to make Revolving Loans in dollars to the Borrowers from time to time during the Availability Period in an aggregate principal amount that will not result (after giving effect to any application of proceeds of such Borrowing pursuant to Section 2.10(a)) in (i) such Lender’s Revolving Exposure exceeding such Lender’s Revolving Commitment or (ii) the Aggregate Revolving Exposure exceeding the aggregate Revolving Commitments. Within the foregoing limits and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Borrowers may borrow, prepay and reborrow Revolving Loans. (b) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Term A Lender severally (and not jointly) agrees to make a Term A Loan in dollars to the Borrowers, on the Effective Date, in a principal amount not to exceed such Lender’s Term A Commitment. Amounts prepaid or repaid in respect of Term A Loans may not be reborrowed. (c) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender severally (and not jointly) agrees to make Delayed Draw Term Loans in dollars to the Borrowers from time to time during the period commencing on the Effective Date, and continuing through and including the Delayed Draw Term Loan Draw Expiration Date in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed such Lender’s Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment. Amounts prepaid or repaid in respect of Delayed Draw Term Loans may not be reborrowed. SECTION 2.02 Loans and Borrowings. (a) Each Loan (other than a Swingline Loan) shall be made as part of a Borrowing consisting of Loans of the same Class and Type made by the Lenders ratably in accordance with their respective


 
39 746154515.7 Commitments of the applicable Class. The failure of any Lender to make any Loan required to be made by it shall not relieve any other Lender of its obligations hereunder; provided that the Commitments of the Lenders are several and no Lender shall be responsible for any other Lender’s failure to make Loans as required. Any Swingline Loan shall be made in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.05. (b) Subject to Section 2.14, each Revolving Borrowing and Term Loan Borrowing shall be comprised entirely of ABR Loans or Term Benchmark Loans as the Borrower Representative may request in accordance herewith. Each Swingline Loan shall be an ABR Loan. Each Lender at its option may make any Loan by causing any domestic or foreign branch or Affiliate of such Lender to make such Loan (and in the case of an Affiliate, the provisions of Sections 2.14, 2.15, 2.16 and 2.17 shall apply to such Affiliate to the same extent as to such Lender); provided that any exercise of such option shall not affect the obligation of the Borrowers to repay such Loan in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. (c) At the commencement of each Interest Period for any Term Benchmark Borrowing, such Borrowing shall be in an aggregate amount that is an integral multiple of $100,000 and not less than $500,000. At the time that each ABR Borrowing is made, such Borrowing shall be in an aggregate amount that is an integral multiple of $50,000 and not less than $100,000; provided that an ABR Revolving Borrowing may be in an aggregate amount that is equal to the entire unused balance of the total Revolving Commitments or that is required to finance the reimbursement of an LC Disbursement as contemplated by Section 2.06(e). Each Swingline Loan shall be in an amount that is an integral multiple of $50,000 and not less than $100,000. Each Delayed Draw Term Loan Borrowing shall be in an amount that is an integral multiple of $5,000,000 and not less than $10,000,000. Borrowings of more than one Type and Class may be outstanding at the same time; provided that there shall not at any time be more than a total of five (5) Term Benchmark Borrowings outstanding. (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Borrowers shall not be entitled to request, or to elect to convert or continue, any Borrowing if the Interest Period requested with respect thereto would end after the Revolving Credit Maturity Date or the Term Maturity Date, as applicable. SECTION 2.03 Requests for Borrowings. To request a Borrowing, the Borrower Representative shall notify the Administrative Agent of such request either in writing (delivered by hand, fax or email) by delivering a Borrowing Request signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower Representative or through Electronic System, if arrangements for doing so have been approved by the Administrative Agent, (a) in the case of a Term Benchmark Borrowing, not later than 10:00 a.m., Pacific time, three (3) Business Days before the date of the proposed Borrowing or (b) in the case of an ABR Borrowing, not later than 11:00 a.m., Pacific time, on the date of the proposed Borrowing; provided that any such notice of an ABR Revolving Borrowing to finance the reimbursement of an LC Disbursement as contemplated by Section 2.06(e) may be given not later than 9:00 a.m., Pacific time, on the date of the proposed Borrowing. Each such Borrowing Request shall be irrevocable. Each such Borrowing Request shall specify the following information in compliance with Section 2.01: (i) the Class of Borrowing, the aggregate amount of the requested Borrowing, and a breakdown of the separate wires comprising such Borrowing; (ii) name of the applicable Borrower(s); (iii) the date of such Borrowing, which shall be a Business Day; (iv) whether such Borrowing is to be an ABR Borrowing or a Term Benchmark Borrowing; and


 
40 746154515.7 (v) in the case of a Term Benchmark Borrowing, the initial Interest Period to be applicable thereto, which shall be a period contemplated by the definition of the term “Interest Period.” If no election as to the Type of Revolving Borrowing is specified, then the requested Revolving Borrowing shall be an ABR Borrowing. If no Interest Period is specified with respect to any requested Term Benchmark Revolving Borrowing, then the applicable Borrower shall be deemed to have selected an Interest Period of one month’s duration. Promptly following receipt of a Borrowing Request in accordance with this Section, the Administrative Agent shall advise each Lender of the details thereof and of the amount of such Lender’s Loan to be made as part of the requested Borrowing. SECTION 2.04 [Reserved]. SECTION 2.05 Swingline Loans. (a) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, from time to time during the Availability Period, the Swingline Lender may agree, but shall have no obligation to make Swingline Loans to the Borrowers, in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding that will not result in (i) the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Swingline Loans exceeding the Swingline Lender’s Swingline Commitment, (ii) the Swingline Lender’s Revolving Exposure exceeding its Revolving Commitment, or (iii) the Aggregate Revolving Exposures exceeding the aggregate Revolving Commitments; provided that the Swingline Lender shall not be required to make a Swingline Loan to refinance an outstanding Swingline Loan. Within the foregoing limits and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Borrowers may borrow, prepay and reborrow Swingline Loans. To request a Swingline Loan, the Borrower Representative shall notify the Administrative Agent of such request by fax or through Electronic System, if arrangements for doing so have been approved by the Administrative Agent, not later than noon, Pacific time, on the day of a proposed Swingline Loan. Each such notice shall be in a form approved by the Administrative Agent, shall be irrevocable and shall specify the requested date (which shall be a Business Day) and amount of the requested Swingline Loan. The Administrative Agent will promptly advise the Swingline Lender of any such notice received from the Borrower Representative. The Swingline Lender shall make each Swingline Loan available to the Borrowers, to the extent the Swingline Lender elects to make such Swingline Loan, by means of a credit to the Funding Account(s) (or, in the case of a Swingline Loan made to finance the reimbursement of an LC Disbursement as provided in Section 2.06(e), by remittance to the Issuing Bank, and in the case of repayment of another Loan or fees or expenses as provided by Section 2.18(c), by remittance to the Administrative Agent to be distributed to the Lenders) by 2:00 p.m., Pacific time, on the requested date of such Swingline Loan. (b) The Swingline Lender may by written notice given to the Administrative Agent require the Revolving Lenders to acquire participations on such Business Day in all or a portion of the Swingline Loans outstanding. Such notice shall specify the aggregate amount of Swingline Loans in which the Revolving Lenders will participate. Promptly upon receipt of such notice, the Administrative Agent will give notice thereof to each Revolving Lender, specifying in such notice such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of such Swingline Loan or Loans. Each Revolving Lender hereby absolutely and unconditionally agrees, promptly upon receipt of such notice from the Administrative Agent (and in any event, if such notice is received by 11:00 a.m., Pacific time, on a Business Day no later than 4:00 p.m., Pacific time on such Business Day and if received after 11:00 a.m., Pacific time, “on a Business Day” shall mean no later than 9:00 a.m., Pacific time on the immediately succeeding Business Day), to pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Swingline Lender, such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of such Swingline Loan or Loans. Each Revolving Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to acquire participations in Swingline Loans pursuant to this paragraph is absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever, including the occurrence and continuance of a Default or reduction or termination of the


 
41 746154515.7 Revolving Commitments, and that each such payment shall be made without any offset, abatement, withholding or reduction whatsoever. Each Revolving Lender shall comply with its obligation under this paragraph by wire transfer of immediately available funds, in the same manner as provided in Section 2.07 with respect to Loans made by such Lender (and Section 2.07 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the payment obligations of the Lenders), and the Administrative Agent shall promptly pay to the Swingline Lender the amounts so received by it from the Revolving Lenders. The Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower Representative of any participations in any Swingline Loan acquired pursuant to this paragraph, and thereafter payments in respect of such Swingline Loan shall be made to the Administrative Agent and not to the Swingline Lender. Any amounts received by the Swingline Lender from the Borrowers (or other party on behalf of the Borrowers) in respect of a Swingline Loan after receipt by the Swingline Lender of the proceeds of a sale of participations therein shall be promptly remitted to the Administrative Agent; any such amounts received by the Administrative Agent shall be promptly remitted by the Administrative Agent to the Revolving Lenders that shall have made their payments pursuant to this paragraph and to the Swingline Lender, as their interests may appear; provided that any such payment so remitted shall be repaid to the Swingline Lender or to the Administrative Agent, as applicable, if and to the extent such payment is required to be refunded to the Borrowers for any reason. The purchase of participations in a Swingline Loan pursuant to this paragraph shall not relieve the Borrowers of any default in the payment thereof. SECTION 2.06 Letters of Credit. (a) General. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Borrower Representative, on behalf of a Borrower, may request any Issuing Bank to issue Letters of Credit denominated in dollars as the applicant thereof for the support of the obligations of any Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof, in a form reasonably acceptable to such Issuing Bank, at any time and from time to time during the Availability Period, and such Issuing Bank may, but shall have no obligation, to issue such requested Letters of Credit pursuant to this Agreement. (b) Notice of Issuance, Amendment, Extension; Certain Conditions. To request the issuance of a Letter of Credit (or the amendment or extension of an outstanding Letter of Credit), the Borrower Representative shall hand deliver or fax (or transmit through Electronic System, if arrangements for doing so have been approved by the respective Issuing Bank) to an Issuing Bank selected by it and to the Administrative Agent (reasonably in advance of the requested date of issuance, amendment or extension, but in any event no less than three Business Days) a notice requesting the issuance of a Letter of Credit, or identifying the Letter of Credit to be amended or extended, and specifying the date of issuance, amendment or extension (which shall be a Business Day), the date on which such Letter of Credit is to expire (which shall comply with paragraph (c) of this Section), the amount of such Letter of Credit, the name and address of the beneficiary thereof, and such other information as shall be necessary to prepare, amend or extend such Letter of Credit. In addition, as a condition to any such Letter of Credit issuance, the applicable Borrower shall have entered into a continuing agreement (or other letter of credit agreement) for the issuance of letters of credit and/or shall submit a letter of credit application, in each case, as required by the respective Issuing Bank and using such Issuing Bank’s standard form (each, a “Letter of Credit Agreement”). In the event of any inconsistency between the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the terms and conditions of any Letter of Credit Agreement, the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall control. A Letter of Credit shall be issued, amended or extended only if (and upon issuance, amendment or extension of each Letter of Credit the Borrowers shall be deemed to represent and warrant that), after giving effect to such issuance, amendment or extension (i) the aggregate LC Exposure shall not exceed $50,000,000, (ii) no Revolving Lender’s Revolving Exposure shall exceed its Revolving Commitment and (iii) the Aggregate Revolving Exposure shall not exceed the aggregate Revolving Commitments. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary contained herein, no Issuing Bank shall be obligated to issue or modify any Letter of Credit if, immediately after giving effect thereto, the outstanding LC Exposure in respect of all Letters of Credit issued by such Person and its Affiliates


 
42 746154515.7 would exceed such Issuing Bank’s Issuing Bank Sublimit. Without limiting the foregoing and without affecting the limitations contained herein, it is understood and agreed that the Borrower Representative may from time to time request that an Issuing Bank issue Letters of Credit in excess of its individual Issuing Bank Sublimit in effect at the time of such request, and each Issuing Bank agrees to consider any such request in good faith. Any Letter of Credit so issued by an Issuing Bank in excess of its individual Issuing Bank Sublimit then in effect shall nonetheless constitute a Letter of Credit for all purposes of this Agreement, and shall not affect the Issuing Bank Sublimit of any other Issuing Bank, subject to the limitations on the aggregate LC Exposure set forth in clause (i) of this Section 2.06(b). An Issuing Bank shall not be under any obligation to issue any Letter of Credit if: (I) any order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator shall by its terms purport to enjoin or restrain such Issuing Bank from issuing such Letter of Credit, or any Requirement of Law relating to such Issuing Bank or any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority with jurisdiction over such Issuing Bank shall prohibit, or request that such Issuing Bank refrain from, the issuance of letters of credit generally or such Letter of Credit in particular or shall impose upon such Issuing Bank with respect to such Letter of Credit any restriction, reserve or capital requirement (for which such Issuing Bank is not otherwise compensated hereunder) not in effect on the Effective Date, or shall impose upon such Issuing Bank any unreimbursed loss, cost or expense which was not applicable on the Effective Date and which such Issuing Bank in good faith deems material to it, or (II) the issuance of such Letter of Credit would violate one or more policies of such Issuing Bank applicable to letters of credit generally. (c) Expiration Date. Each Letter of Credit shall expire (or be subject to termination or non- renewal by notice from the applicable Issuing Bank to the beneficiary thereof) at or prior to the close of business on the earlier of (i) the date one year after the date of the issuance of such Letter of Credit (or, in the case of any extension of the expiration thereof, including, without limitation, any automatic renewal provision, one year after such extension) and (ii) the date that is five Business Days prior to the Revolving Credit Maturity Date. (d) Participations. By the issuance of a Letter of Credit (or an amendment to a Letter of Credit increasing the amount thereof) and without any further action on the part of the applicable Issuing Bank or the Revolving Lenders, such Issuing Bank hereby grants to each Revolving Lender, and each Revolving Lender hereby acquires from such Issuing Bank, a participation in such Letter of Credit equal to such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of the aggregate amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit. In consideration and in furtherance of the foregoing, each Revolving Lender hereby absolutely and unconditionally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the respective Issuing Bank, such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of each LC Disbursement made by such Issuing Bank and not reimbursed by the Borrowers on the date due as provided in paragraph (e) of this Section, or of any reimbursement payment required to be refunded to the Borrowers for any reason, including after the Maturity Date. Each such payment shall be made without any offset, abatement, withholding or reduction whatsoever. Each Revolving Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to acquire participations pursuant to this paragraph in respect of Letters of Credit is absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever, including any amendment or extension of any Letter of Credit or the occurrence and continuance of a Default or reduction or termination of the Commitments. (e) Reimbursement. If an Issuing Bank shall make any LC Disbursement in respect of a Letter of Credit, the Borrowers shall reimburse such LC Disbursement by paying to the Administrative Agent an amount equal to such LC Disbursement not later than 11:00 a.m., Pacific time, on (i) the Business Day that


 
43 746154515.7 the Borrower Representative receives notice of such LC Disbursement, if such notice is received prior to 9:00 a.m., Pacific time, on the day of receipt, or (ii) the Business Day immediately following the day that the Borrower Representative receives such notice, if such notice is received after 9:00 a.m., Pacific time, on the day of receipt; provided that the Borrowers may, subject to the conditions to borrowing set forth herein, request in accordance with Section 2.03 or 2.05 that such payment be financed with an ABR Revolving Borrowing or Swingline Loan in an equivalent amount and, to the extent so financed, the Borrowers’ obligation to make such payment shall be discharged and replaced by the resulting ABR Revolving Borrowing or Swingline Loan, as applicable. If the Borrowers fail to make such payment when due, the Administrative Agent shall notify each Revolving Lender of the applicable LC Disbursement, the payment then due from the Borrowers in respect thereof, and such Lender’s Applicable Percentage thereof. Promptly following receipt of such notice, each Revolving Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent its Applicable Percentage of the payment then due from the Borrowers, in the same manner as provided in Section 2.07 with respect to Loans made by such Lender (and Section 2.07 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the payment obligations of the Revolving Lenders), and the Administrative Agent shall promptly pay to the respective Issuing Bank the amounts so received by it from the Revolving Lenders. Promptly following receipt by the Administrative Agent of any payment from the Borrowers pursuant to this paragraph, the Administrative Agent shall distribute such payment to the respective Issuing Bank or, to the extent that Revolving Lenders have made payments pursuant to this paragraph to reimburse such Issuing Bank, then to such Lenders and such Issuing Bank, as their interests may appear. Any payment made by a Revolving Lender pursuant to this paragraph to reimburse an Issuing Bank for any LC Disbursement (other than the funding of ABR Revolving Loans or a Swingline Loan as contemplated above) shall not constitute a Loan and shall not relieve the Borrowers of their obligation to reimburse such LC Disbursement. (f) Obligations Absolute. The Borrowers’ joint and several obligation to reimburse LC Disbursements as provided in paragraph (e) of this Section shall be absolute, unconditional and irrevocable, and shall be performed strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement under any and all circumstances whatsoever and irrespective of (i) any lack of validity or enforceability of any Letter of Credit, any Letter of Credit Agreement or this Agreement, or any term or provision therein or herein, (ii) any draft or other document presented under a Letter of Credit proving to be forged, fraudulent or invalid in any respect or any statement therein being untrue or inaccurate in any respect, (iii) any payment by the respective Issuing Bank under a Letter of Credit against presentation of a draft or other document that does not comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit, or (iv) any other event or circumstance whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing, that might, but for the provisions of this Section, constitute a legal or equitable discharge of, or provide a right of setoff against, the Borrowers’ obligations hereunder. Neither the Administrative Agent, the Revolving Lenders nor any Issuing Bank, or any of their respective Related Parties, shall have any liability or responsibility by reason of or in connection with the issuance or transfer of any Letter of Credit, or any payment or failure to make any payment thereunder (irrespective of any of the circumstances referred to in the preceding sentence), or any error, omission, interruption, loss or delay in transmission or delivery of any draft, notice or other communication under or relating to any Letter of Credit (including any document required to make a drawing thereunder), any error in interpretation of technical terms, any error in translation or any consequence arising from causes beyond the control of the respective Issuing Bank; provided that the foregoing shall not be construed to excuse an Issuing Bank from liability to the Borrowers to the extent of any direct damages (as opposed to special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages, claims in respect of which are hereby waived by the Borrowers to the extent permitted by applicable law) suffered by any Borrower that are caused by such Issuing Bank’s failure to exercise care when determining whether drafts and other documents presented under a Letter of Credit comply with the terms thereof. The parties hereto expressly agree that, in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of an Issuing Bank (as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction), such Issuing Bank shall be deemed to have exercised care in each such determination. In furtherance of the foregoing and without limiting the generality thereof, the parties agree that, with respect to documents presented which appear on their face to be in substantial compliance with the terms of a Letter of Credit,


 
44 746154515.7 an Issuing Bank may, in its sole discretion, either accept and make payment upon such documents without responsibility for further investigation, regardless of any notice or information to the contrary, or refuse to accept and make payment upon such documents if such documents are not in strict compliance with the terms of such Letter of Credit. (g) Disbursement Procedures. The Issuing Bank for any Letter of Credit shall, within the time allowed by applicable law or the specific terms of the Letter of Credit following its receipt thereof, examine all documents purporting to represent a demand for payment under such Letter of Credit. Such Issuing Bank shall promptly after such examination notify the Administrative Agent and the Borrower Representative by telephone (confirmed by fax or through Electronic Systems) of such demand for payment if such Issuing Bank has made or will make an LC Disbursement thereunder; provided that any failure to give or delay in giving such notice shall not relieve the Borrowers of their obligation to reimburse such Issuing Bank and the Revolving Lenders with respect to any such LC Disbursement. (h) Interim Interest. If the Issuing Bank for any Letter of Credit shall make any LC Disbursement, then, unless the Borrowers shall reimburse such LC Disbursement in full on the date such LC Disbursement is made, the unpaid amount thereof shall bear interest, for each day from and including the date such LC Disbursement is made to but excluding the date that the Borrowers reimburse such LC Disbursement, at the rate per annum then applicable to ABR Revolving Loans and such interest shall be due and payable on the date when such reimbursement is due; provided that, if the Borrowers fail to reimburse such LC Disbursement when due pursuant to paragraph (e) of this Section, then Section 2.13(c) shall apply. Interest accrued pursuant to this paragraph shall be for the account of such Issuing Bank, except that interest accrued on and after the date of payment by any Revolving Lender pursuant to paragraph (e) of this Section to reimburse such Issuing Bank for such LC Disbursement shall be for the account of such Lender to the extent of such payment. (i) Replacement and Resignation of an Issuing Bank. (i) An Issuing Bank may be replaced at any time by written agreement among the Borrower Representative, the Administrative Agent, the replaced Issuing Bank and the successor Issuing Bank. The Administrative Agent shall notify the Revolving Lenders of any such replacement of an Issuing Bank. At the time any such replacement shall become effective, the Borrowers shall pay all unpaid fees accrued for the account of the replaced Issuing Bank pursuant to Section 2.12(b). From and after the effective date of any such replacement, (i) the successor Issuing Bank shall have all the rights and obligations of an Issuing Bank under this Agreement with respect to Letters of Credit to be issued thereafter and (ii) references herein to the term “Issuing Bank” shall be deemed to refer to such successor or to any previous Issuing Bank, or to such successor and all previous Issuing Banks, as the context shall require. After the replacement of an Issuing Bank hereunder, the replaced Issuing Bank shall remain a party hereto and shall continue to have all the rights and obligations of an Issuing Bank under this Agreement with respect to Letters of Credit then outstanding and issued by it prior to such replacement, but shall not be required to issue additional Letters of Credit or extend or otherwise amend any existing Letter of Credit. (ii) Subject to the appointment and acceptance of a successor Issuing Bank, any Issuing Bank may resign as an Issuing Bank at any time upon thirty days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, the Borrower Representative and the Lenders, in which case, such resigning Issuing Bank shall be replaced in accordance with Section 2.06(i)(i) above. (j) Cash Collateralization. If any Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, on the Business Day that the Borrower Representative receives notice from the Administrative Agent or the


 
45 746154515.7 Required Lenders (or, if the maturity of the Loans has been accelerated, Revolving Lenders with LC Exposure representing greater than 50% of the aggregate LC Exposure) demanding the deposit of cash collateral pursuant to this paragraph, the Borrowers shall deposit in an account with the Administrative Agent, in the name of the Administrative Agent and for the benefit of the Revolving Lenders (the “LC Collateral Account”), an amount in cash equal to 105% of the amount of the LC Exposure as of such date plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon; provided that the obligation to deposit such cash collateral shall become effective immediately, and such deposit shall become immediately due and payable, without demand or other notice of any kind, upon the occurrence of any Event of Default with respect to any Borrower described in clause (h) or (i) of Article VII. The Borrowers also shall deposit cash collateral in accordance with this paragraph as and to the extent required by Sections 2.11(b) or 2.20. Each such deposit shall be held by the Administrative Agent as collateral for the payment and performance of the Secured Obligations. In addition, and without limiting the foregoing or paragraph (c) of this Section, if any LC Exposure remains outstanding after the expiration date specified in said paragraph (c), the Borrowers shall immediately deposit in the LC Collateral Account an amount in cash equal to 105% of such LC Exposure as of such date plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. The Administrative Agent shall have exclusive dominion and control, including the exclusive right of withdrawal, over the LC Collateral Account and the Borrowers hereby grant the Administrative Agent a security interest in the LC Collateral Account and all moneys or other assets on deposit therein or credited thereto. Other than any interest earned on the investment of such deposits, which investments shall be made at the option and sole discretion of the Administrative Agent and at the Borrowers’ risk and expense, such deposits shall not bear interest. Interest or profits, if any, on such investments shall accumulate in such account. Moneys in such account shall be applied by the Administrative Agent to reimburse each Issuing Bank for LC Disbursements for which it has not been reimbursed, together with related fees, costs, and customary processing charges, and, to the extent not so applied, shall be held for the satisfaction of the reimbursement obligations of the Borrowers for the LC Exposure at such time or, if the maturity of the Loans has been accelerated (but subject to the consent of Revolving Lenders with LC Exposure representing greater than 50% of the aggregate LC Exposure), be applied to satisfy other Secured Obligations. If the Borrowers are required to provide an amount of cash collateral hereunder as a result of the occurrence of an Event of Default, such amount (to the extent not applied as aforesaid) shall be returned to the Borrowers within three (3) Business Days after all such Events of Default have been cured or waived as confirmed in writing by the Administrative Agent. (k) Issuing Bank Reports to the Administrative Agent. Unless otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent, each Issuing Bank shall, in addition to its notification obligations set forth elsewhere in this Section, report in writing to the Administrative Agent (i) periodic activity (for such period or recurrent periods as shall be requested by the Administrative Agent) in respect of Letters of Credit issued by such Issuing Bank, including all issuances, extensions and amendments, all expirations and cancelations and all disbursements and reimbursements, (ii) reasonably prior to the time that such Issuing Bank issues, amends or extends any Letter of Credit, the date of such issuance, amendment or extension, and the stated amount of the Letters of Credit issued, amended or extended by it and outstanding after giving effect to such issuance, amendment or extension (and whether the amounts thereof shall have changed), (iii) on each Business Day on which such Issuing Bank makes any LC Disbursement, the date and amount of such LC Disbursement, (iv) on any Business Day on which a Borrower fails to reimburse an LC Disbursement required to be reimbursed to such Issuing Bank on such day, the date of such failure and the amount of such LC Disbursement, and (v) on any other Business Day, such other information as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably request as to the Letters of Credit issued by such Issuing Bank. (l) Letters of Credit Issued for Account of Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding that a Letter of Credit issued or outstanding hereunder supports any obligations of, or is for the account of, a Subsidiary, or states that a Subsidiary is the “account party,” “applicant,” “customer,” “instructing party,” or the like of or for such Letter of Credit, and without derogating from any rights of the applicable Issuing Bank (whether arising by contract, at law, in equity or otherwise) against such Subsidiary in respect of such Letter


 
46 746154515.7 of Credit, the Borrowers (i) shall reimburse, indemnify and compensate the applicable Issuing Bank hereunder for such Letter of Credit (including to reimburse any and all drawings thereunder) as if such Letter of Credit had been issued solely for the account of a Borrower and (ii) irrevocably waives any and all defenses that might otherwise be available to it as a guarantor or surety of any or all of the obligations of such Subsidiary in respect of such Letter of Credit. Each Borrower hereby acknowledges that the issuance of such Letters of Credit for its Subsidiaries inures to the benefit of such Borrower, and that such Borrower’s business derives substantial benefits from the businesses of such Subsidiaries. SECTION 2.07 Funding of Borrowings. (a) Each Lender shall make each Loan to be made by such Lender hereunder on the proposed date thereof solely by wire transfer of immediately available funds by 2:00 p.m., Pacific time, to the account of the Administrative Agent most recently designated by it for such purpose by notice to the Lenders in an amount equal to such Lender’s Applicable Percentage; provided that Term Loans shall be made as provided in Section 2.01(b) and Swingline Loans shall be made as provided in Section 2.05. The Administrative Agent will make such Loans available to the Borrower Representative by promptly crediting the funds so received in the aforesaid account of the Administrative Agent to the Funding Account(s); provided that ABR Revolving Loans made to finance the reimbursement of an LC Disbursement as provided in Section 2.06(e) shall be remitted by the Administrative Agent to the respective Issuing Bank. (b) Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from a Lender prior to the proposed date of any Borrowing that such Lender will not make available to the Administrative Agent such Lender’s share of such Borrowing, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender has made such share available on such date in accordance with paragraph (a) of this Section and may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the applicable Borrower a corresponding amount. In such event, if a Lender has not in fact made its share of the applicable Borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, then the applicable Lender and the Borrowers each severally agree to pay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand such corresponding amount with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is made available to the applicable Borrower to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (i) in the case of such Lender, the greater of the NYFRB Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation or (ii) in the case of the Borrowers, the interest rate applicable to ABR Revolving Loans. If such Lender pays such amount to the Administrative Agent, then such amount shall constitute such Lender’s Loan included in such Borrowing; provided that any interest received from the Borrowers by the Administrative Agent during the period beginning when the Administrative Agent funded the Borrowing until such Lender pays such amount shall be solely for the account of the Administrative Agent. SECTION 2.08 Interest Elections. (a) Each Borrowing initially shall be of the Type specified in the applicable Borrowing Request and, in the case of a Term Benchmark Borrowing, shall have an initial Interest Period as specified in such Borrowing Request. Thereafter, the Borrower Representative may elect to convert such Borrowing to a different Type or to continue such Borrowing and, in the case of a Term Benchmark Borrowing, may elect Interest Periods therefor, all as provided in this Section. The Borrower Representative may elect different options with respect to different portions of the affected Borrowing, in which case each such portion shall be allocated ratably among the Lenders holding the Loans comprising such Borrowing, and the Loans comprising each such portion shall be considered a separate Borrowing. This Section shall not apply to Swingline Borrowings, which may not be converted or continued. (b) To make an election pursuant to this Section, the Borrower Representative shall notify the Administrative Agent of such election either in writing (delivered by hand or fax) by delivering an Interest


 
47 746154515.7 Election Request signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower Representative or through Electronic System, if arrangements for doing so have been approved by the Administrative Agent, by the time that a Borrowing Request would be required under Section 2.03 if the Borrowers were requesting a Borrowing of the Type resulting from such election to be made on the effective date of such election. Each such Interest Election Request shall be irrevocable. (c) Each Interest Election Request (including requests submitted through Electronic System) shall specify the following information in compliance with Section 2.02: (i) the name of the applicable Borrower and the Borrowing to which such Interest Election Request applies and, if different options are being elected with respect to different portions thereof, the portions thereof to be allocated to each resulting Borrowing (in which case the information to be specified pursuant to clauses (iii) and (iv) below shall be specified for each resulting Borrowing); (ii) the effective date of the election made pursuant to such Interest Election Request, which shall be a Business Day; (iii) whether the resulting Borrowing is to be an ABR Borrowing or a Term Benchmark Borrowing; and (iv) if the resulting Borrowing is a Term Benchmark Borrowing, the Interest Period to be applicable thereto after giving effect to such election, which shall be a period contemplated by the definition of the term “Interest Period”. If any such Interest Election Request requests a Term Benchmark Borrowing but does not specify an Interest Period, then the Borrowers shall be deemed to have selected an Interest Period of one month’s duration. (d) Promptly following receipt of an Interest Election Request, the Administrative Agent shall advise each Lender of the applicable Class of the details thereof and of such Lender’s portion of each resulting Borrowing. (e) If the Borrower Representative fails to deliver a timely Interest Election Request with respect to a Term Benchmark Borrowing prior to the end of the Interest Period applicable thereto, then, unless such Borrowing is repaid as provided herein, at the end of such Interest Period such Borrowing shall be converted to an ABR Borrowing. Notwithstanding any contrary provision hereof, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Administrative Agent, at the request of the Required Lenders, so notifies the Borrower Representative, then, so long as an Event of Default is continuing (i) no outstanding Borrowing may be converted to or continued as a Term Benchmark Borrowing and (ii) unless repaid, each Term Benchmark Borrowing shall be converted to an ABR Borrowing at the end of the Interest Period applicable thereto. SECTION 2.09 Termination and Reduction of Commitments; Increase in Revolving Commitments. (a) Unless previously terminated, (i) all of the Term A Commitments shall terminate at 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time, on the Effective Date, (ii) all of the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments shall terminate on the Delayed Draw Term Loan Draw Expiration Date and (iii) all of the Revolving Commitments shall terminate on the Revolving Credit Maturity Date.


 
48 746154515.7 (b) The Borrowers may at any time terminate (i) the Revolving Commitments upon the Payment in Full of the Secured Obligations or (ii) the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments. (c) The Borrowers may from time to time reduce the Revolving Commitments; provided that (i) each reduction of the Revolving Commitments shall be in an amount that is an integral multiple of $1,000,000 and not less than $5,000,000 and (ii) the Borrowers shall not terminate or reduce the Revolving Commitments if, after giving effect to any concurrent prepayment of the Revolving Loans in accordance with Section 2.11, (A) any Lender’s Revolving Exposure would exceed such Lender’s Revolving Commitment or (B) the Aggregate Revolving Exposure would exceed the aggregate Revolving Commitments. (d) The Borrowers may from time to time reduce the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments; provided that each reduction of the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments shall be in an amount that is an integral multiple of $1,000,000 and not less than $5,000,000. (e) The Borrower Representative shall notify the Administrative Agent of any election to terminate or reduce the Revolving Commitments or Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments under paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this Section at least three (3) Business Days prior to the effective date of such termination or reduction, specifying such election and the effective date thereof. Promptly following receipt of any notice, the Administrative Agent shall advise the Lenders of the contents thereof. Each notice delivered by the Borrower Representative pursuant to this Section shall be irrevocable; provided that a notice of termination of the Revolving Commitments or Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments delivered by the Borrower Representative may state that such notice is conditioned upon the effectiveness of other credit facilities, in which case such notice may be revoked by the Borrower Representative (by notice to the Administrative Agent on or prior to the specified effective date) if such condition is not satisfied. Any termination or reduction of the Revolving Commitments and Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments shall be permanent. Each reduction of the Revolving Commitments and Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments shall be made ratably among the Lenders in accordance with their respective Revolving Commitments or Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments, as applicable. (f) The Borrowers shall have the right to increase the Commitments by obtaining additional Revolving Commitments (each such increase, an “Incremental Revolving Facility”) or adding a Term Commitment under this Agreement (each such increase, an “Incremental Term Loan Facility”, and each Incremental Revolving Facility and Incremental Term Loan Facility, individually and collectively, an “Incremental Facility”), either from one or more of the Lenders or another lending institution, provided that (i) any such request for an Incremental Facility shall be in a minimum amount of $10,000,000, (ii) the Borrower Representative, on behalf of the Borrowers, may make a maximum of three (3) such requests, (iii) after giving effect thereto, the sum of the total of the additional Commitments under all such Incremental Facilities does not exceed $150,000,000, (iv) the Borrowers, the Administrative Agent and, other than in the case of an Incremental Term Loan Facility, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Bank shall have approved the identity of any such new Lender, such approvals not to be unreasonably withheld, (v) any such new Lender shall assume all of the rights and obligations of a “Lender” hereunder, (vi) the procedures described in Section 2.09(g) and (h) below have been satisfied, (vii) in the case of an Incremental Term Loan Facility, (A) such Incremental Term Loan Facility shall be documented pursuant to this Agreement, (B) such Incremental Term Loan Facility shall be subject to such repayment and amortization as may be agreed among the Borrowers, the Lenders providing such Incremental Term Loan Facility and the Administrative Agent, each in its sole discretion, provided that (x) the final maturity date of each Incremental Term Loan Facility shall be no earlier than the Term Maturity Date, (y) such Incremental Term Loan Facility shall have an average weighted maturity not shorter than the remaining average weighted maturity of then-existing Term Loans, and (z) such Incremental Term Loan Facility shall participate on a pro rata basis in any voluntary or mandatory prepayments of then-existing Term Loans hereunder, and


 
49 746154515.7 (C) this Agreement and the other Loan Documents will be amended to effectuate such terms solely with the consent of the Borrowers, the Lenders providing such Incremental Term Loan Facility and the Administrative Agent, in each case, in its sole discretion, (viii) in the case of an Incremental Revolving Facility, (A) the new Revolving Loans will be made on the same terms as the existing Revolving Loans and (B) the final maturity date of each Incremental Revolving Facility shall be the Revolving Credit Maturity Date, (ix) any Loan made pursuant to an Incremental Facility shall be subject to covenants identical to those governing the existing Loans, (x) each Loan made pursuant to an Incremental Facility will rank pari passu in right of payment and pari passu with respect to security with the existing Secured Obligations and shall not benefit from any collateral or Guarantees other than those benefiting the existing Secured Obligations and (xi) the effective yield on such Incremental Facility, taking into account the applicable interest rate margins, any interest rate floors or similar devices and all fees, including upfront or similar fees or original issue discount (amortized over the shorter of (x) the original stated life of such Loans and (y) the four years following the date of incurrence thereof) payable generally to all Lenders making such Loans, but excluding arrangement fees, structuring fees, commitment fees, underwriting fees or other fees not generally payable to all Lenders, shall not be more than 50 basis points greater than the effective yield on the then-existing Loans of the same Class unless the interest rate margin with respect to such then-existing Loans is increased by an amount equal to the difference between the effective yield on such Incremental Facility less 50 basis points minus the effective yield for such then-existing Loans. Nothing contained in this Section 2.09 shall constitute, or otherwise be deemed to be, a commitment on the part of any Lender to increase its Commitment hereunder at any time. (g) Any amendment hereto for such an Incremental Facility shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and shall only require the written signatures of the Administrative Agent, the Borrowers and each Lender providing such Incremental Facility, subject only to the approval of all Lenders if any such Incremental Facility would cause the aggregate Commitments to exceed $650,000,000. As a condition precedent to each Incremental Facility, the Borrowers shall deliver to the Administrative Agent (i) a certificate of each Loan Party signed by an authorized officer of such Loan Party (A) certifying and attaching the resolutions adopted by such Loan Party approving or consenting to such Incremental Facility, and (B) in the case of the Borrowers, certifying that, before and after giving effect to such Incremental Facility (and assuming any Incremental Revolving Facility is fully drawn), (1) the representations and warranties contained in Article III and the other Loan Documents are true and correct, except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such earlier date, (2) no Default or Event of Default exists and (3) the Borrowers are in compliance (on a pro forma basis) with the covenants contained in Section 6.12 and (ii) legal opinions and documents consistent with those delivered on the Effective Date, to the extent requested by the Administrative Agent. (h) On the effective date of any Incremental Revolving Facility, (i) any Lender increasing (or, in the case of any newly added Lender, extending) its Revolving Commitment shall make available to the Administrative Agent such amounts in immediately available funds as the Administrative Agent shall determine, for the benefit of the other Lenders, as being required in order to cause, after giving effect to such Incremental Revolving Facility and the use of such amounts to make payments to such other Lenders, each Lender’s portion of the outstanding Revolving Loans of all the Lenders to equal its revised Applicable Percentage of such outstanding Revolving Loans, and the Administrative Agent shall make such other adjustments among the Lenders with respect to the Revolving Loans then outstanding and amounts of principal, interest, commitment fees and other amounts paid or payable with respect thereto as shall be necessary, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, in order to effect such reallocation and (ii) the Borrowers shall be deemed to have repaid and reborrowed all outstanding Revolving Loans as of the date of any increase in the Revolving Commitments (with such reborrowing to consist of the Types of Revolving Loans, with related Interest Periods if applicable, specified in a notice delivered by the Borrower Representative, in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.03). The deemed payments made


 
50 746154515.7 pursuant to clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence shall be accompanied by payment of all accrued interest on the amount prepaid and, in respect of each Term Benchmark Loan, shall be subject to indemnification by the Borrowers pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.16 if the deemed payment occurs other than on the last day of the related Interest Periods. Within a reasonable time after the effective date of any Incremental Facility, the Administrative Agent shall, and is hereby authorized and directed to, revise the Commitment Schedule to reflect such Incremental Facility and shall distribute such revised Commitment Schedule to each of the Lenders and the Borrower Representative, whereupon such revised Commitment Schedule shall replace the old Commitment Schedule and become part of this Agreement. SECTION 2.10 Repayment and Amortization of Loans; Evidence of Debt. (a) The Borrowers hereby unconditionally promise to pay (i) to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Revolving Lender the then unpaid principal amount of each Revolving Loan on the Revolving Credit Maturity Date, and (ii) to the Swingline Lender the then unpaid principal amount of each Swingline Loan on the earlier of the Revolving Credit Maturity Date and the fifth (5th) Business Day after such Swingline Loan is made; provided that on each date that a Revolving Loan is made, the Borrowers shall repay all Swingline Loans then outstanding and the proceeds of any such Revolving Loan shall be applied by the Administrative Agent to repay any Swingline Loans outstanding. (b) The Borrowers hereby unconditionally promise to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Term A Lender on each date set forth below the aggregate principal amount set forth opposite such date (as adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 2.11(d) or 2.18(b)): Date Amount June 30, 2022 $625,000 September 30, 2022 $625,000 December 31, 2022 $625,000 March 31, 2023 $625,000 June 30, 2023 $625,000 September 30, 2023 $625,000 December 31, 2023 $625,000 March 31, 2024 $625,000 June 30, 2024 $1,250,000 September 30, 2024 $1,250,000 December 31, 2024 $1,250,000 March 31, 2025 $1,250,000 June 30, 2025 $1,875,000 September 30, 2025 $1,875,000 December 31, 2025 $1,875,000 March 31, 2026 $1,875,000 June 30, 2026 $3,750,000 September 30, 2026 $3,750,000 December 31, 2026 $3,750,000 Term Maturity Date The entire unpaid principal amount of all Term Loans provided that if any date set forth above is not a Business Day, then payment shall be due and payable on the Business Day immediately preceding such date. To the extent not previously paid, all unpaid Term A Loans shall be paid in full in cash by the Borrowers on the Term Maturity Date.


 
51 746154515.7 (c) The Borrowers hereby unconditionally promise to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing on the first such date to occur after the initial borrowing of Delayed Draw Term Loans, in quarterly amounts equal to the per annum percentage set forth below of the original aggregate amount of all Delayed Draw Term Loans made hereunder as of such date (as adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 2.11(d) or 2.18(b)): Loan Year Amount Year 1 2.50% Year 2 2.50% Year 3 5.00% Year 4 7.50% Year 5 15.00% provided if any date set forth above is not a Business Day, then payment shall be due and payable on the Business Day immediately preceding such date. To the extent not previously paid, all unpaid Delayed Draw Term Loans shall be paid in full in cash by the Borrowers on the Term Maturity Date. (d) Prior to any repayment of any Term Loan Borrowings of any Class under this Section, the Borrowers shall select the Borrowing or Borrowings of the applicable Class to be repaid and shall notify the Administrative Agent by telephone (confirmed by fax or through Electronic System), of such selection not later than 11:00 a.m., Pacific Time, three (3) Business Days before the scheduled date of such repayment. Each repayment of a Term Loan Borrowing shall be applied ratably to the Loans included in the repaid Term Loan Borrowing. Repayments of Term Loan Borrowings shall be accompanied by accrued interest on the amounts repaid. (e) Each Lender shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice an account or accounts evidencing the Indebtedness of the Borrowers to such Lender resulting from each Loan made by such Lender, including the amounts of principal and interest payable and paid to such Lender from time to time hereunder. (f) The Administrative Agent shall maintain accounts in which it shall record (i) the amount of each Loan made hereunder, the Class and Type thereof and the Interest Period applicable thereto, if any, (ii) the amount of any principal or interest due and payable or to become due and payable from the Borrowers to each Lender hereunder and (iii) the amount of any sum received by the Administrative Agent hereunder for the account of the Lenders and each Lender’s share thereof. (g) The entries made in the accounts maintained pursuant to paragraph (e) or (f) of this Section shall be prima facie evidence of the existence and amounts of the obligations recorded therein; provided that the failure of any Lender or the Administrative Agent to maintain such accounts or any error therein shall not in any manner affect the obligation of the Borrowers to repay the Loans in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. (h) Any Lender may request that Loans made by it be evidenced by a promissory note. In such event, the Borrowers shall prepare, execute and deliver to such Lender a promissory note payable to such Lender (or, if requested by such Lender, to such Lender and its registered assigns) and in a form approved by the Administrative Agent. Thereafter, the Loans evidenced by such promissory note and interest thereon shall at all times (including after assignment pursuant to Section 9.04) be represented by one or more promissory notes in such form.


 
52 746154515.7 SECTION 2.11 Prepayment of Loans. (a) The Borrowers shall have the right at any time and from time to time to prepay any Borrowing in whole or in part, subject to prior notice in accordance with paragraph (e) of this Section and, if applicable, payment of any break funding expenses under Section 2.16. (b) In the event and on such occasion that the Aggregate Revolving Exposure exceeds the aggregate Revolving Commitments, the Borrowers shall prepay the Revolving Loans, LC Exposure and/or Swingline Loans (or, if no such Borrowings are outstanding, deposit cash collateral in the LC Collateral Account in an aggregate amount equal to such excess, in accordance with Section 2.06(j)). (c) In the event and on each occasion that any Net Proceeds are received by or on behalf of Holdings or any other Loan Party or any Subsidiary in respect of any Prepayment Event, the Borrowers shall, immediately after such Net Proceeds are received by Holdings or any other Loan Party or Subsidiary, prepay the Obligations and cash collateralize the LC Exposure as set forth in Section 2.11(d) below in an aggregate amount equal to 100% of such Net Proceeds; provided that, in the case of any event described in clause (a) or (b) of the definition of the term “Prepayment Event”, if the Borrower Representative shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of a Financial Officer to the effect that the Loan Parties intend to apply the Net Proceeds from such event (or a portion thereof specified in such certificate), within 90 days after receipt of such Net Proceeds, to acquire (or replace or rebuild) real property, equipment or other tangible assets (excluding inventory) to be used in the business of the Loan Parties, and certifying that no Default has occurred and is continuing, then no prepayment shall be required pursuant to this paragraph in respect of the Net Proceeds specified in such certificate, provided that to the extent of any such Net Proceeds that have not been so applied by the end of such 90 day period, a prepayment shall be required at such time in an amount equal to such Net Proceeds that have not been so applied. (d) Application of Prepayments. (i) All prepayments made pursuant to Section 2.11(a) shall be applied (A) if made with respect to the Term Loans (and in the event Term Loans of more than one Class shall be outstanding at the time, shall be allocated among the Term Loans pro rata based on the aggregate principal amounts of outstanding Term Loans of each such Class), as so allocated, and shall be applied to reduce the subsequent scheduled repayments of Term Loans of each Class to be made pursuant to Section 2.10, as directed by the Borrower Representative or (B) if made with respect to the Revolving Loans (including the Swingline Loans), to prepay such Loans in accordance with the Lenders’ respective Applicable Percentages without a corresponding reduction in the Revolving Commitments or the Swingline Commitment, as applicable, and to cash collateralize outstanding LC Exposure. (ii) All prepayments required to be made pursuant to Section 2.11(c) shall be applied, first, to prepay the Term Loans (and in the event Term Loans of more than one Class shall be outstanding at the time, shall be allocated among the Term Loans pro rata based on the aggregate principal amounts of outstanding Term Loans of each such Class) as so allocated, and shall be applied to reduce the subsequent scheduled repayments of Term Loans of each Class to be made pursuant to Section 2.10, to the next four scheduled repayments in direct order of maturity and then ratably based on the amount of such remaining scheduled repayments, second, to prepay the Revolving Loans (including Swingline Loans) without a corresponding reduction in the Revolving Commitments (or the Swingline Commitment, as applicable) and third, to cash collateralize outstanding LC Exposure; provided that all prepayments required to be made pursuant to Section 2.11(c) with respect to Net Proceeds arising from any casualty or other insured damage to, or any taking under power of eminent domain or by condemnation or similar proceeding, to the


 
53 746154515.7 extent they arise from casualties or losses to cash or Inventory shall be applied, first, to prepay the Revolving Loans (including Swingline Loans) without a corresponding reduction in the Revolving Commitments (or the Swingline Commitment, as applicable), second, to cash collateralize outstanding LC Exposure, and third, to prepay the Term Loans (allocated and applied to subsequent scheduled repayments as set forth above). (e) The Borrower Representative shall notify the Administrative Agent (and, in the case of prepayment of a Swingline Loan, the Swingline Lender) by telephone (confirmed by fax) or through Electronic System, if arrangements for doing so have been approved by the Administrative Agent, of any prepayment under this Section: (i) in the case of prepayment of a Term Benchmark Borrowing, not later than 10:00 a.m., Pacific time, three (3) Business Days before the date of prepayment, (ii) in the case of prepayment of an ABR Borrowing, not later than 10:00 a.m., Pacific time, one (1) Business Day before the date of prepayment or (iii) in the case of prepayment of a Swingline Loan, not later than 11:00 a.m., Pacific time, on the date of prepayment. Each such notice shall be irrevocable and shall specify the prepayment date and the principal amount of each Borrowing or portion thereof to be prepaid; provided that if a notice of prepayment is given in connection with a conditional notice of termination of the Revolving Commitments and Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments as contemplated by Section 2.09, then such notice of prepayment may be revoked if such notice of termination is revoked in accordance with Section 2.09. Promptly following receipt of any such notice, the Administrative Agent shall advise the Lenders of the contents thereof. Each partial prepayment of any Revolving Borrowing or Term Loan shall be in an amount that would be permitted in the case of an advance of a Borrowing of the same Type as provided in Section 2.02, except as necessary to apply fully the required amount of a mandatory prepayment. Each prepayment of a Borrowing shall be applied ratably to the Loans included in the prepaid Borrowing. Prepayments shall be accompanied by (i) accrued interest to the extent required by Section 2.13 and (ii) break funding payments pursuant to Section 2.16. SECTION 2.12 Fees. (a) The Borrowers agree to pay to the Administrative Agent a commitment fee for the account of each Revolving Lender, which shall accrue at the Applicable Rate on the daily amount of the undrawn portion of the Revolving Commitment of such Lender during the period from and including the Effective Date to but excluding the date on which the Lenders’ Revolving Commitments terminate; it being understood that the LC Exposure of a Lender shall be included and the Swingline Exposure of a Lender shall be excluded in the drawn portion of the Revolving Commitment of such Lender for purposes of calculating the commitment fee. Accrued commitment fees shall be payable in arrears on the fifteenth (15th) day following the last day of March, June, September and December of each year and on the date on which the Revolving Commitments terminate, commencing on the first such date to occur after the date hereof. All commitment fees shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days and shall be payable for the actual number of days elapsed (including the first day but excluding the last day). (b) The Borrowers agree to pay (i) to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Revolving Lender a participation fee with respect to its participations in each outstanding Letter of Credit, which shall accrue on the daily maximum amount then available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit at the same Applicable Rate used to determine the interest rate applicable to Term Benchmark Revolving Loans, during the period from and including the Effective Date to but excluding the later of the date on which such Lender’s Revolving Commitment terminates and the date on which such Lender ceases to have any LC Exposure, and (ii) to each Issuing Bank for its own account a fronting fee with respect to each Letter of Credit issued by such Issuing Bank, which shall accrue at the rate or rates per annum separately agreed upon between the Borrowers and such Issuing Bank on the daily maximum amount then available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit, during the period from and including the Effective Date to but excluding the later of the date of termination of the Commitments and the date on which there ceases to be


 
54 746154515.7 any LC Exposure with respect to Letters of Credit issued by such Issuing Bank, as well as such Issuing Bank’s standard fees and commissions with respect to the issuance, amendment or extension of any Letter of Credit and other processing fees, and other standard costs and charges, of such Issuing Bank relating to Letters of Credit as from time to time in effect. Participation fees and fronting fees accrued through and including the last day of March, June, September and December of each year shall be payable on the fifteenth (15th) Business Day following such last day, commencing on the first such date to occur after the Effective Date; provided that all such fees shall be payable on the date on which the Revolving Commitments terminate and any such fees accruing after the date on which the Revolving Commitments terminate shall be payable on demand. Any other fees payable to an Issuing Bank pursuant to this paragraph shall be payable within ten (10) days after demand. All participation fees and fronting fees shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days and shall be payable for the actual number of days elapsed (including the first day but excluding the last day). (c) The Borrowers agree to pay to the Administrative Agent, for its own account, fees payable in the amounts and at the times separately agreed upon between the Borrowers and the Administrative Agent. (d) The Borrowers agree to pay to the Administrative Agent a commitment fee for the account of each Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender, which shall accrue at the Applicable Rate on the daily undrawn amount of the Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender’s Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment, commencing on the Effective Date, and continuing through and including the Delayed Draw Term Loan Draw Expiration Date. Accrued commitment fees shall be payable in arrears on the fifteenth (15th) day following the last day of March, June, September and December of each year and on the Delayed Draw Term Loan Draw Expiration Date, commencing on the first such date to occur after the date hereof. All ticking fees shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days and shall be payable for the actual number of days elapsed (including the first day but excluding the last day). (e) All fees payable hereunder shall be paid on the dates due, in dollars in immediately available funds, to the Administrative Agent (or to an Issuing Bank, in the case of fees payable to it) for distribution, in the case of commitment fees and participation, to the Lenders entitled thereto. Fees paid shall not be refundable under any circumstances. SECTION 2.13 Interest. (a) The Loans comprising each ABR Borrowing (including each Swingline Loan) shall bear interest at the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate. (b) The Loans comprising each Term Benchmark Borrowing shall bear interest at the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for the Interest Period in effect for such Borrowing plus the Applicable Rate. (c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, during the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders may, at their option, by notice to the Borrower Representative (which notice may be revoked at the option of the Required Lenders notwithstanding any provision of Section 9.02 requiring the consent of “each Lender affected thereby” for reductions in interest rates), declare that (i) all Loans shall bear interest at 2% plus the rate otherwise applicable to such Loans as provided in the preceding paragraphs of this Section or (ii) in the case of any other amount outstanding hereunder, such amount shall accrue at 2% plus the rate applicable to such fee or other obligation as provided hereunder. (d) Accrued interest on each Loan (for ABR Loans, accrued through the last day of the prior calendar month) shall be payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date for such Loan and, in the case


 
55 746154515.7 of Revolving Loans, upon termination of the Revolving Commitments; provided that (i) interest accrued pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Section shall be payable on demand, (ii) in the event of any repayment or prepayment of any Loan (other than a prepayment of an ABR Revolving Loan prior to the end of the Availability Period), accrued interest on the principal amount repaid or prepaid shall be payable on the date of such repayment or prepayment and (iii) in the event of any conversion of any Term Benchmark Loan prior to the end of the current Interest Period therefor, accrued interest on such Loan shall be payable on the effective date of such conversion. (e) Interest computed by reference to the Term SOFR Rate hereunder, shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days. Interest computed by reference to the Alternate Base Rate at times when the Alternate Base Rate is based on the Prime Rate shall be computed on the basis of a year of 365 days (or 366 days in a leap year). In each case, interest shall be payable for the actual number of days elapsed (including the first day but excluding the last day). All interest hereunder on any Loan shall be computed on a daily basis based upon the outstanding principal amount of such Loan as of the applicable date of determination. The applicable Alternate Base Rate, Adjusted Term SOFR Rate or Term SOFR Rate shall be determined by the Administrative Agent, and such determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error. SECTION 2.14 Alternate Rate of Interest; Illegality. (a) Subject to clauses (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) of this Section 2.14, if: (i) the Administrative Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error) (A) prior to commencement of any Interest Period for a Term Benchmark Borrowing, that adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate or the Term SOFR Rate, as applicable (including, because the Term SOFR Reference Rate is not available or published on a current basis) for such Interest Period or (B) at any time, that adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the applicable Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR; or (ii) the Administrative Agent is advised by the Required Lenders that (A) prior to the commencement of any Interest Period for a Term Benchmark Borrowing, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for such Interest Period will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders (or Lender) of making or maintaining their Loans (or Loan) included in such Borrowing for such Interest Period or (B) at any time, the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders (or Lender) of making or maintaining their Loans (or Loan) included in such Borrowing; then the Administrative Agent shall give notice thereof to the Borrower Representative and the Lenders through Electronic System as provided in Section 9.01 as promptly as practicable thereafter and, until (x) the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower Representative and the Lenders that the circumstances giving rise to such notice no longer exist with respect to the relevant Benchmark and (y) the Borrower Representative delivers a new Interest Election Request in accordance with the terms of Section 2.08 or a new Borrowing Request in accordance with the terms of Section 2.03, any Interest Election Request that requests the conversion of any Borrowing to, or continuation of any Borrowing as, a Term Benchmark Borrowing and any Borrowing Request that requests a Term Benchmark Borrowing shall instead be deemed to be an Interest Election Request or a Borrowing Request, as applicable, for (x) an RFR Borrowing so long as the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR is not also the subject of Section 2.14(a)(i) or (ii) above or (y) be repaid or converted into an ABR Borrowing if the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR also is the subject of Section 2.14(a)(i) or (ii) above; provided that if the circumstances giving rise to such notice affect only one Type of Borrowings, then all other Types of Borrowings shall be permitted. Furthermore, if any Term


 
56 746154515.7 Benchmark Loan is outstanding on the date of the Borrowers’ receipt of the notice from the Administrative Agent referred to in this Section 2.14(a) with respect to a Relevant Rate applicable to such Term Benchmark Loan, then until (x) the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower Representative and the Lenders that the circumstances giving rise to such notice no longer exist with respect to the relevant Benchmark and (y) the Borrower Representative delivers a new Interest Election Request in accordance with the terms of Section 2.08 or a new Borrowing Request in accordance with the terms of Section 2.03, any Term Benchmark Loan shall on the last day of the Interest Period applicable to such Loan (or the next succeeding Business Day if such day is not a Business Day), be converted by the Administrative Agent to, and shall constitute, (x) an RFR Borrowing so long as the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR is not also the subject of Section 2.14(a)(i) or (ii) above or (y) an ABR Loan if the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR also is the subject of Section 2.14(a)(i) or (ii) above, on such day. (b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, (and any Swap Agreement shall be deemed not to be a “Loan Document” for purposes of this Section 2.14), if a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred prior to the Reference Time in respect of any setting of the then-current Benchmark, then (x) if a Benchmark Replacement is determined in accordance with clause (1) of the definition of “Benchmark Replacement” for such Benchmark Replacement Date, such Benchmark Replacement will replace such Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in respect of such Benchmark setting and subsequent Benchmark settings without any amendment to, or further action or consent of any other party to, this Agreement or any other Loan Document and (y) if a Benchmark Replacement is determined in accordance with clause (2) of the definition of “Benchmark Replacement” for such Benchmark Replacement Date, such Benchmark Replacement will replace such Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Loan Document in respect of any Benchmark setting at or after 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Business Day after the date notice of such Benchmark Replacement is provided to the Lenders without any amendment to, or further action or consent of any other party to, this Agreement or any other Loan Document so long as the Administrative Agent has not received, by such time, written notice of objection to such Benchmark Replacement from Lenders comprising the Required Lenders. (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, the Administrative Agent will have the right to make Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, any amendments implementing such Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement or any other Loan Document. (d) The Administrative Agent will promptly notify the Borrower Representative and the Lenders of (i) any occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event, (ii) the implementation of any Benchmark Replacement, (iii) the effectiveness of any Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes, (iv) the removal or reinstatement of any tenor of a Benchmark pursuant to clause (f) below and (v) the commencement or conclusion of any Benchmark Unavailability Period. Any determination, decision or election that may be made by the Administrative Agent or, if applicable, any Lender (or group of Lenders) pursuant to this Section 2.14, including any determination with respect to a tenor, rate or adjustment or of the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event, circumstance or date and any decision to take or refrain from taking any action or any selection, will be conclusive and binding absent manifest error and may be made in its or their sole discretion and without consent from any other party to this Agreement or any other Loan Document, except, in each case, as expressly required pursuant to this Section 2.14. (e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, at any time (including in connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement), (i) if the then-current Benchmark is a term rate (including the Term SOFR Rate) and either (A) any tenor for such Benchmark is not displayed on a screen or other information service that publishes such rate from time to time as selected


 
57 746154515.7 by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion or (B) the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark has provided a public statement or publication of information announcing that any tenor for such Benchmark is or will be no longer representative, then the Administrative Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” for any Benchmark settings at or after such time to remove such unavailable or non-representative tenor and (ii) if a tenor that was removed pursuant to clause (i) above either (A) is subsequently displayed on a screen or information service for a Benchmark (including a Benchmark Replacement) or (B) is not, or is no longer, subject to an announcement that it is or will no longer be representative for a Benchmark (including a Benchmark Replacement), then the Administrative Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” for all Benchmark settings at or after such time to reinstate such previously removed tenor. (f) Upon the Borrowers’ receipt of notice of the commencement of a Benchmark Unavailability Period, the Borrowers may revoke any request for a Term Benchmark Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Term Benchmark Loans to be made, converted or continued during any Benchmark Unavailability Period and, failing that, the Borrowers will be deemed to have converted any request for a Term Benchmark Borrowing into a request for a Borrowing of or conversion to (A) an RFR Borrowing so long as the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR is not the subject of a Benchmark Transition Event or (B) an ABR Borrowing if the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR is the subject of a Benchmark Transition Event. During any Benchmark Unavailability Period or at any time that a tenor for the then-current Benchmark is not an Available Tenor, the component of ABR based upon the then-current Benchmark or such tenor for such Benchmark, as applicable, will not be used in any determination of ABR. Furthermore, if any Term Benchmark Loan is outstanding on the date of the Borrower’s receipt of notice of the commencement of a Benchmark Unavailability Period with respect to a Relevant Rate applicable to such Term Benchmark Loan, then until such time as a Benchmark Replacement is implemented pursuant to this Section 2.14, any Term Benchmark Loan shall on the last day of the Interest Period applicable to such Loan (or the next succeeding Business Day if such day is not a Business Day), be converted by the Administrative Agent to, and shall constitute, (x) an RFR Loan so long as the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR is not the subject of a Benchmark Transition Event or (y) an ABR Loan if the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR is the subject of a Benchmark Transition Event, on such day. SECTION 2.15 Increased Costs. (a) If any Change in Law shall: (i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, liquidity or similar requirement (including any compulsory loan requirement, insurance charge or other assessment) against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended by, any Lender or the Issuing Bank; or (ii) impose on any Lender or the Issuing Bank or the applicable offshore interbank market any other condition, cost or expense (other than Taxes) affecting this Agreement or Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein; or (iii) subject any Recipient to any Taxes (other than (A) Indemnified Taxes, (B) Taxes described in clauses (b) through (d) of the definition of Excluded Taxes and (C) Connection Income Taxes) on its loans, loan principal, letters of credit, commitments, or other obligations, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto; and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender or such other Recipient of making, continuing, converting into or maintaining any Loan (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan) or to increase the cost to such Lender, the Issuing Bank or such other Recipient of participating


 
58 746154515.7 in, issuing or maintaining any Letter of Credit or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender, the Issuing Bank or such other Recipient hereunder (whether of principal, interest or otherwise), then, the Borrowers will pay to such Lender, the Issuing Bank or such other Recipient, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender, the Issuing Bank or such other Recipient, as the case may be, for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered. (b) If any Lender or the Issuing Bank determines that any Change in Law regarding capital or liquidity requirements has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s capital or on the capital of such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Commitments of or the Loans made by, or participations in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans held by, such Lender, or the Letters of Credit issued by the Issuing Bank, to a level below that which such Lender or the Issuing Bank or such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s policies and the policies of such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s holding company with respect to capital adequacy and liquidity), then from time to time the Borrowers will pay to such Lender or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or the Issuing Bank or such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s holding company for any such reduction suffered. (c) A certificate of a Lender or the Issuing Bank setting forth the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or the Issuing Bank or its holding company, as the case may be, as specified in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section shall be delivered to the Borrower Representative and shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrowers shall pay such Lender or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be, the amount shown as due on any such certificate within ten (10) days after receipt thereof. (d) Failure or delay on the part of any Lender or the Issuing Bank to demand compensation pursuant to this Section shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s right to demand such compensation; provided that the Borrowers shall not be required to compensate a Lender or the Issuing Bank pursuant to this Section for any increased costs or reductions incurred more than 270 days prior to the date that such Lender or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be, notifies the Borrower Representative of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Lender’s or the Issuing Bank’s intention to claim compensation therefor; provided, further, that, if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the 270-day period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof. SECTION 2.16 Break Funding Payments. In the event of (a) the payment of any principal of any Term Benchmark Loan other than on the last day of an Interest Period applicable thereto (including as a result of an Event of Default or as a result of any prepayment pursuant to Section 2.11), (b) the conversion of any Term Benchmark Loan other than on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, (c) the failure to borrow, convert, continue or prepay any Term Benchmark Loan on the date specified in any notice delivered pursuant hereto (regardless of whether such notice may be revoked under Section 2.09(e) and is revoked in accordance therewith), or (d) the assignment of any Term Benchmark Loan other than on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto as a result of a request by the Borrower Representative pursuant to Section 2.19 or 9.02(d), then, in any such event, the Borrowers shall compensate each Lender for the loss, cost and expense attributable to such event. A certificate of any Lender setting forth any amount or amounts that such Lender is entitled to receive pursuant to this Section shall be delivered to the Borrower Representative and shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrowers shall pay such Lender the amount shown as due on any such certificate within ten (10) days after receipt thereof.


 
59 746154515.7 SECTION 2.17 Withholding of Taxes; Gross-Up. (a) Payments Free of Taxes. Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document shall be made without deduction or withholding for any Taxes, except as required by applicable law. If any applicable law (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable withholding agent) requires the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by a withholding agent, then the applicable withholding agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law and, if such Tax is an Indemnified Tax, then the sum payable by the applicable Loan Party shall be increased as necessary so that after such deduction or withholding has been made (including such deductions and withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 2.17), the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deduction or withholding been made. (b) Payment of Other Taxes by Loan Parties. The Loan Parties shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law, or at the option of the Administrative Agent timely reimburse it for, Other Taxes. (c) Evidence of Payment. As soon as practicable after any payment of Taxes by any Loan Party to a Governmental Authority pursuant to this Section 2.17, the Borrower Representative shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment, or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (d) Indemnification by the Loan Parties. The Loan Parties shall jointly and severally indemnify each Recipient, within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) payable or paid by such Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to such Recipient and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Loan Party by a Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. (e) Indemnification by the Lenders. Each Lender shall severally indemnify the Administrative Agent, within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for (i) any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that any Loan Party has not already indemnified the Administrative Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Loan Parties to do so), (ii) any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 9.04(c) relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (iii) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each case, that are payable or paid by the Administrative Agent in connection with any Loan Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Lender hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to setoff and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under any Loan Document or otherwise payable by the Administrative Agent to such Lender from any other source against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this paragraph (e).


 
60 746154515.7 (f) Status of Lenders. (i) Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent, at the time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Section 2.17(f)(ii)(A), (ii)(B) and (ii)(D) below) shall not be required if in the Lender’s reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender. (ii) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that any Borrower is a U.S. Person, (A) any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent), an executed copy of IRS Form W-9 certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax; (B) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent), whichever of the following is applicable: (1) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the U.S. is a party (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Loan Document, an executed copy of IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E, as applicable, establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E, as applicable, establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty; (2) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming that its extension of credit will generate U.S. effectively connected income, an executed copy of IRS Form W-8ECI;


 
61 746154515.7 (3) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit D-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of a Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate”) and (y) an executed copy of IRS Form W 8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E, as applicable; or (4) to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, an executed copy of IRS Form W-8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E, as applicable, a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit D-2 or Exhibit D-3, IRS Form W-9, and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit D-4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner; (C) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient), on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent), executed copies of any other form prescribed by applicable law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable law to permit the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made; and (D) if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative or the Administrative Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this clause (D), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement. Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so.


 
62 746154515.7 (g) Treatment of Certain Refunds. If any party determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified pursuant to this Section 2.17 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.17), it shall pay to the indemnifying party an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made under this Section 2.17 with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) of such indemnified party and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund). Such indemnifying party, upon the request of such indemnified party, shall repay to such indemnified party the amount paid over pursuant to this paragraph (g) (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) in the event that such indemnified party is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph (g), in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this paragraph (g) the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts giving rise to such refund had never been paid. This paragraph (g) shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person. (h) Survival. Each party’s obligations under this Section 2.17 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all obligations under any Loan Document (including the Payment in Full of the Secured Obligations). (i) Defined Terms. For purposes of this Section 2.17, the term “Lender” includes any Issuing Bank and the term “applicable law” includes FATCA. SECTION 2.18 Payments Generally; Allocation of Proceeds; Sharing of Setoffs. (a) The Borrowers shall make each payment or prepayment required to be made by it hereunder (whether of principal, interest, fees or reimbursement of LC Disbursements, or of amounts payable under Sections 2.15, 2.16 or 2.17, or otherwise) prior to 2:00 p.m., Pacific time, on the date when due or the date fixed for any prepayment hereunder, in immediately available funds, without setoff, recoupment or counterclaim. Any amounts received after such time on any date may, in the discretion of the Administrative Agent, be deemed to have been received on the next succeeding Business Day for purposes of calculating interest thereon. All such payments shall be made to the Administrative Agent at its offices at 10 South Dearborn, Chicago, IL 60603-2300 except payments to be made directly to the Issuing Bank or Swingline Lender as expressly provided herein and except that payments pursuant to Sections 2.15, 2.16, 2.17 and 9.03 shall be made directly to the Persons entitled thereto. The Administrative Agent shall distribute any such payments received by it for the account of any other Person to the appropriate recipient promptly following receipt thereof. Unless otherwise provided for herein, if any payment hereunder shall be due on a day that is not a Business Day, the date for payment shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day, and, in the case of any payment accruing interest, interest thereon shall be payable for the period of such extension. All payments hereunder shall be made in dollars. (b) All payments and any proceeds of Collateral received by the Administrative Agent (i) not constituting either (A) a specific payment of principal, interest, fees or other sum payable under the Loan Documents (which shall be applied as specified by the Borrowers), or (B) a mandatory prepayment (which shall be applied in accordance with Section 2.11) or (ii) after an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Administrative Agent so elects or the Required Lenders so direct, shall be applied ratably first, to pay any fees, indemnities, or expense reimbursements then due to the Administrative Agent, the


 
63 746154515.7 Swingline Lender and the Issuing Bank from the Borrowers (other than in connection with Banking Services Obligations or Swap Agreement Obligations), second, to pay any fees, indemnities, or expense reimbursements then due to the Lenders from the Borrowers (other than in connection with Banking Services Obligations or Swap Agreement Obligations), third, to pay interest then due and payable on the Loans ratably, fourth, to prepay principal on the Loans and unreimbursed LC Disbursements, to pay an amount to the Administrative Agent equal to one hundred five percent (105%) of the aggregate LC Exposure, to be held as cash collateral for such Obligations, and to pay any amounts owing in respect of Swap Agreement Obligations and Banking Services Obligations up to and including the amount most recently provided to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 2.22, ratably (with amounts allocated to the Term Loans of any Class applied to reduce the subsequent scheduled repayments of the Term Loans of such Class to be made pursuant to Section 2.10 ratably based on the amount of such remaining scheduled repayments), and fifth, to the payment of any other Secured Obligation due to the Administrative Agent or any Lender from the Borrowers or any other Loan Party. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, unless so directed by the Borrower Representative, or unless a Default is in existence, neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall apply any payment which it receives to any Term Benchmark Loan of a Class, except (i) on the expiration date of the Interest Period applicable thereto, or (ii) in the event, and only to the extent, that there are no outstanding ABR Loans of the same Class and, in any such event, the Borrowers shall pay the break funding payment required in accordance with Section 2.16. The Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall have the continuing and exclusive right to apply and reverse and reapply any and all such proceeds and payments to any portion of the Secured Obligations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Secured Obligations arising under Banking Services Obligations or Swap Agreement Obligations shall be excluded from the application described above and paid in clause fifth if the Administrative Agent has not received written notice thereof, together with such supporting documentation as the Administrative Agent may have reasonably requested from the applicable provider of such Banking Services or Swap Agreements. (c) At the election of the Administrative Agent, all payments of principal, interest, LC Disbursements, fees, premiums, reimbursable expenses (including, without limitation, all reimbursement for fees, costs and expenses pursuant to Section 9.03), and other sums payable under the Loan Documents, may be paid from the proceeds of Borrowings made hereunder, whether made following a request by the Borrower Representative pursuant to Section 2.03 or 2.05 or a deemed request as provided in this Section or may be deducted from any deposit account of the Borrowers maintained with the Administrative Agent. The Borrowers hereby irrevocably authorize (i) the Administrative Agent to make a Borrowing for the purpose of paying each payment of principal, interest and fees as it becomes due hereunder or any other amount due under the Loan Documents and agree that all such amounts charged shall constitute Loans (including Swingline Loans), and that all such Borrowings shall be deemed to have been requested pursuant to Sections 2.03 or 2.05, as applicable, and (ii) the Administrative Agent to charge any deposit account of any Borrower maintained with the Administrative Agent for each payment of principal, interest and fees as it becomes due hereunder or any other amount due under the Loan Documents. (d) If, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any Lender shall, by exercising any right of setoff or counterclaim or otherwise, obtain payment in respect of any principal of or interest on any of its Loans or participations in LC Disbursements resulting in such Lender receiving payment of a greater proportion of the aggregate amount of its Loans and participations in LC Disbursements and Swingline Loans and accrued interest thereon than the proportion received by any other similarly situated Lender, then the Lender receiving such greater proportion shall purchase (for cash at face value) participations in the Loans and participations in LC Disbursements and Swingline Loans of other Lenders to the extent necessary so that the benefit of all such payments shall be shared by all such Lenders ratably in accordance with the aggregate amount of principal of and accrued interest on their respective Loans and participations in LC Disbursements and Swingline Loans; provided that (i) if any such participations are purchased and all or any portion of the payment giving rise thereto is recovered, such participations shall be rescinded and the


 
64 746154515.7 purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, without interest, and (ii) the provisions of this paragraph shall not be construed to apply to any payment made by the Borrowers pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement or any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Loans or participations in LC Disbursements and Swingline Loans to any assignee or participant, other than to the Borrowers or any Subsidiary or Affiliate thereof (as to which the provisions of this paragraph shall apply). Each Borrower consents to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under applicable law, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against such Borrower rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of such Borrower in the amount of such participation. (e) Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received, prior to any date on which any payment is due to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders or the Issuing Bank pursuant to the terms hereof or of any other Loan Document (including any date that is fixed for prepayment by notice from the Borrower Representative to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 2.11(e)), notice from the Borrower Representative that the Borrowers will not make such payment or prepayment, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrowers have made such payment on such date in accordance herewith and may, in reliance upon such assumption, distribute to the Lenders or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be, the amount due. In such event, if the Borrowers have not in fact made such payment, then each of the Lenders or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be, severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the amount so distributed to such Lender or Issuing Bank with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is distributed to it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the NYFRB Rate. (f) The Administrative Agent may from time to time provide the Borrowers with account statements or invoices with respect to any of the Secured Obligations (the “Statements”). The Administrative Agent is under no duty or obligation to provide Statements, which, if provided, will be solely for the Borrowers’ convenience. Statements may contain estimates of the amounts owed during the relevant billing period, whether of principal, interest, fees or other Secured Obligations. If the Borrowers pay the full amount indicated on a Statement on or before the due date indicated on such Statement, the Borrowers shall not be in default of payment with respect to the billing period indicated on such Statement; provided that acceptance by the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, of any payment that is less than the total amount actually due at that time (including but not limited to any past due amounts) shall not constitute a waiver of the Administrative Agent’s or the Lenders’ right to receive payment in full at another time. SECTION 2.19 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders. (a) If any Lender requests compensation under Section 2.15, or if the Borrowers are required to pay any Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.17, then such Lender shall use reasonable efforts to designate a different lending office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Sections 2.15 or 2.17, as the case may be, in the future and (ii) would not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense and would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender. The Borrowers hereby agree to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment. (b) If any Lender requests compensation under Section 2.15, or if the Borrowers are required to pay any Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the


 
65 746154515.7 account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.17, or if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then the Borrowers may, at their sole expense and effort, upon notice to such Lender and the Administrative Agent, require such Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in Section 9.04), all its interests, rights (other than its existing rights to payments pursuant to Sections 2.15 or 2.17) and obligations under this Agreement and other Loan Documents to an assignee that shall assume such obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment); provided that (i) the Borrowers shall have received the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent (and in circumstances where its consent would be required under Section 9.04, the Issuing Bank and the Swingline Lender), which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld, (ii) such Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding principal of its Loans and funded participations in LC Disbursements and Swingline Loans, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder, from the assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrowers (in the case of all other amounts) and (iii) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a claim for compensation under Section 2.15 or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 2.17, such assignment will result in a reduction in such compensation or payments. A Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment and delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrowers to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply. Each party hereto agrees that (i) an assignment required pursuant to this paragraph may be effected pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption executed by the Borrower Representative, the Administrative Agent and the assignee (or, to the extent applicable, an agreement incorporating an Assignment and Assumption by reference pursuant to an Approved Electronic Platform as to which the Administrative Agent and such parties are participants), and (ii) the Lender required to make such assignment need not be a party thereto in order for such assignment to be effective and shall be deemed to have consented to and be bound by the terms thereof; provided that, following the effectiveness of any such assignment, the other parties to such assignment agree to execute and deliver such documents necessary to evidence such assignment as reasonably requested by the applicable Lender, provided that any such documents shall be without recourse to or warranty by the parties thereto. SECTION 2.20 Defaulting Lenders. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then the following provisions shall apply for so long as such Lender is a Defaulting Lender: (a) fees shall cease to accrue on the unfunded portion of the Revolving Commitment and Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment of such Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 2.12(a); (b) any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts received by the Administrative Agent for the account of such Defaulting Lender (whether voluntary or mandatory, at maturity, pursuant to Section 2.18(b) or otherwise) or received by the Administrative Agent from a Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 9.08 shall be applied at such time or times as may be determined by the Administrative Agent as follows: first, to the payment of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent hereunder; second, to the payment on a pro rata basis of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to any Issuing Bank or Swingline Lender hereunder; third, to cash collateralize LC Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender in accordance with this Section; fourth, as the Borrower Representative may request (so long as no Default or Event of Default exists), to the funding of any Loan in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has failed to fund its portion thereof as required by this Agreement, as determined by the Administrative Agent; fifth, if so determined by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower Representative, to be held in a deposit account and released pro rata in order to (x) satisfy such Defaulting Lender’s potential future funding obligations with respect to Loans under this Agreement and (y) cash collateralize future LC Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender with respect to future Letters of Credit issued under this Agreement, in accordance with this Section; sixth, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Lenders, the Issuing Banks or Swingline Lender as a result of any judgment of a court of


 
66 746154515.7 competent jurisdiction obtained by any Lender, the Issuing Banks or Swingline Lender against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement or under any other Loan Document; seventh, so long as no Default or Event of Default exists, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Borrowers as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by the Borrowers against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement or under any other Loan Document; and eighth, to such Defaulting Lender or as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided that if (x) such payment is a payment of the principal amount of any Loans or LC Disbursements in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has not fully funded its appropriate share, and (y) such Loans were made or the related Letters of Credit were issued at a time when the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 were satisfied or waived, such payment shall be applied solely to pay the Loans of, and LC Disbursements owed to, all non-Defaulting Lenders on a pro rata basis prior to being applied to the payment of any Loans of, or LC Disbursements owed to, such Defaulting Lender until such time as all Loans and funded and unfunded participations in the Borrowers’ obligations corresponding to such Defaulting Lender’s LC Exposure and Swingline Loans are held by the Lenders pro rata in accordance with the Commitments without giving effect to clause (d) below. Any payments, prepayments or other amounts paid or payable to a Defaulting Lender that are applied (or held) to pay amounts owed by a Defaulting Lender or to post cash collateral pursuant to this Section shall be deemed paid to and redirected by such Defaulting Lender, and each Lender irrevocably consents hereto and agrees that the application and operation of the provisions in this Section 2.20 shall not result in a default of the Borrowers’ obligations to a Defaulting Lender under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; (c) such Defaulting Lender shall not have the right to vote on any issue on which voting is required (other than to the extent expressly provided in Section 9.02(b)) and the Revolving Commitment and Revolving Exposure and, if applicable, the Term Commitment and Term Loans of such Defaulting Lender shall not be included in determining whether the Required Lenders have taken or may take any action hereunder or under any other Loan Document; provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 9.02, this clause (c) shall not apply to the vote of a Defaulting Lender in the case of an amendment, waiver or other modification requiring the consent of such Lender or each Lender directly affected thereby; (d) if any Swingline Exposure or LC Exposure exists at the time such Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender then: (i) all or any part of the Swingline Exposure and LC Exposure of such Defaulting Lender (other than, in the case of a Defaulting Lender that is a Swingline Lender, the portion of such Swingline Exposure referred to in clause (b) of the definition of such term) shall be reallocated among the non-Defaulting Lenders in accordance with their respective Applicable Percentages but only to the extent that such reallocation does not, as to any non-Defaulting Lender, cause such non-Defaulting Lender’s Revolving Exposure to exceed its Revolving Commitment; (ii) if the reallocation described in clause (i) above cannot, or can only partially, be effected, the Borrowers shall within one (1) Business Day following notice by the Administrative Agent (x) first, prepay such Swingline Exposure and (y) second, cash collateralize, for the benefit of the Issuing Bank, the Borrowers’ obligations corresponding to such Defaulting Lender’s LC Exposure (after giving effect to any partial reallocation pursuant to clause (i) above) in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.06(j) for so long as such LC Exposure is outstanding; (iii) if the Borrowers cash collateralize any portion of such Defaulting Lender’s LC Exposure pursuant to clause (ii) above, the Borrowers shall not be required to pay any fees to such Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 2.12(b) with respect to such Defaulting Lender’s LC Exposure during the period such Defaulting Lender’s LC Exposure is cash collateralized;


 
67 746154515.7 (iv) if the LC Exposure of the non-Defaulting Lenders is reallocated pursuant to clause (i) above, then the fees payable to the Lenders pursuant to Sections 2.12(a) and 2.12(b) shall be adjusted in accordance with such non-Defaulting Lenders’ Applicable Percentages; and (v) if all or any portion of such Defaulting Lender’s LC Exposure is neither reallocated nor cash collateralized pursuant to clause (i) or (ii) above, then, without prejudice to any rights or remedies of the Issuing Bank or any other Lender hereunder, all letter of credit fees payable under Section 2.12(b) with respect to such Defaulting Lender’s LC Exposure shall be payable to the Issuing Bank until and to the extent that such LC Exposure is reallocated and/or cash collateralized; and (e) so long as such Lender is a Defaulting Lender, the Swingline Lender shall not be required to fund any Swingline Loan and the Issuing Bank shall not be required to issue, amend, renew, extend or increase any Letter of Credit, unless it is satisfied that the related exposure and such Defaulting Lender’s then outstanding LC Exposure will be 100% covered by the Revolving Commitments of the non-Defaulting Lenders and/or cash collateral will be provided by the Borrowers in accordance with Section 2.20(d), and Swingline Exposure related to any such newly made Swingline Loan or LC Exposure related to any newly issued or increased Letter of Credit shall be allocated among non-Defaulting Lenders in a manner consistent with Section 2.20(d)(i) (and such Defaulting Lender shall not participate therein). If (i) a Bankruptcy Event or a Bail-In Action with respect to a Lender Parent shall occur following the date hereof and for so long as such event shall continue or (ii) the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Bank has a good faith belief that any Lender has defaulted in fulfilling its obligations under one or more other agreements in which such Lender commits to extend credit, the Swingline Lender shall not be required to fund any Swingline Loan and the Issuing Bank shall not be required to issue, amend or increase any Letter of Credit, unless the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be, shall have entered into arrangements with the Borrowers or such Lender, satisfactory to the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be, to defease any risk to it in respect of such Lender hereunder. In the event that each of the Administrative Agent, the Borrowers, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Bank agrees that a Defaulting Lender has adequately remedied all matters that caused such Lender to be a Defaulting Lender, then the Swingline Exposure and LC Exposure of the Lenders shall be readjusted to reflect the inclusion of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment and on the date of such readjustment such Lender shall purchase at par such of the Loans of the other Lenders (other than Swingline Loans) as the Administrative Agent shall determine may be necessary in order for such Lender to hold such Loans in accordance with its Applicable Percentage. SECTION 2.21 Returned Payments. If, after receipt of any payment which is applied to the payment of all or any part of the Obligations (including a payment effected through exercise of a right of setoff), the Administrative Agent or any Lender is for any reason compelled to surrender such payment or proceeds to any Person because such payment or application of proceeds is invalidated, declared fraudulent, set aside, determined to be void or voidable as a preference, impermissible setoff, or a diversion of trust funds, or for any other reason (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Administrative Agent or such Lender in its discretion), then the Obligations or part thereof intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued and this Agreement shall continue in full force as if such payment or proceeds had not been received by the Administrative Agent or such Lender. The provisions of this Section 2.21 shall be and remain effective notwithstanding any contrary action which may have been taken by the Administrative Agent or any Lender in reliance upon such payment or application of proceeds. The provisions of this Section 2.21 shall survive the termination of this Agreement.


 
68 746154515.7 SECTION 2.22 Banking Services and Swap Agreements. Each Lender or Affiliate thereof providing Banking Services for, or having Swap Agreements with, any Loan Party or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of a Loan Party shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, promptly after entering into such Banking Services or Swap Agreements, written notice setting forth the aggregate amount of all Banking Services Obligations and Swap Agreement Obligations of such Loan Party or Subsidiary or Affiliate thereof to such Lender or Affiliate (whether matured or unmatured, absolute or contingent). In furtherance of that requirement, each such Lender or Affiliate thereof shall furnish the Administrative Agent, from time to time after a significant change therein or upon a request therefor, a summary of the amounts due or to become due in respect of such Banking Services Obligations and Swap Agreement Obligations. The most recent information provided to the Administrative Agent shall be used in determining which tier of the waterfall, contained in Section 2.18(b), such Banking Services Obligations and/or Swap Agreement Obligations will be placed. For the avoidance of doubt, so long as Chase or its Affiliate is the Administrative Agent, neither Chase nor any of its Affiliates providing Banking Services for, or having Swap Agreements with, any Loan Party or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of a Loan Party shall be required to provide any notice described in this Section 2.22 in respect of such Banking Services or Swap Agreements. ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Each Loan Party represents and warrants to the Lenders that (and where applicable, agrees): SECTION 3.01 Organization; Powers. Each Loan Party and each Subsidiary is duly organized or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, has all requisite power and authority to carry on its business as now conducted and, except where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, is qualified to do business in, and is in good standing in, every jurisdiction where such qualification is required. SECTION 3.02 Authorization; Enforceability. The Transactions are within each Loan Party’s corporate or other organizational powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other organizational actions and, if required, actions by equity holders. Each Loan Document to which each Loan Party is a party has been duly executed and delivered by such Loan Party and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Loan Party, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law. SECTION 3.03 Governmental Approvals; No Conflicts. The Transactions (a) do not require any consent or approval of, registration or filing with, or any other action by, any Governmental Authority, except such as have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect and except for filings necessary to perfect Liens created pursuant to the Loan Documents, (b) will not violate any Requirement of Law applicable to any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, (c) will not violate or result in a default under any indenture, agreement or other instrument binding upon any Loan Party or any Subsidiary or the assets of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, or give rise to a right thereunder to require any payment to be made by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, and (d) will not result in the creation or imposition of, or other requirement to create, any Lien on any asset of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, except Liens created pursuant to the Loan Documents. SECTION 3.04 Financial Condition; No Material Adverse Change. (a) Holdings has heretofore furnished to the Lenders its consolidated balance sheet and statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows (i) as of and for the fiscal year ended December


 
69 746154515.7 31, 2020, reported on by KPMG US LLP, independent public accountants, and (ii) as of and for the fiscal quarter and the portion of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, certified by its Financial Officer. Such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position and results of operations and cash flows of Holdings and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of such dates and for such periods in accordance with GAAP, except as otherwise expressly noted therein and subject to normal year-end audit adjustments all of which, when taken as a whole, would not be materially adverse and the absence of footnotes in the case of the statements referred to in clause (ii) above. (b) No event, change or condition has occurred that has had, or could reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, since December 31, 2020. SECTION 3.05 Properties. (a) As of the Original Effective Date, Schedule 3.05 sets forth the address of each parcel of real property that is (i) owned by any Loan Party or (ii) leased by any Loan Party where Collateral with a value in excess of $50,000 is located. To the knowledge of each Loan Party, each of such leases and subleases is valid and enforceable in accordance with its terms and is in full force and effect, and no defaults by any party to any such leases or subleases exist which, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Loan Parties and each Subsidiary has good and indefeasible title to, or valid leasehold interests in, all of its real and personal property, free of all Liens other than those permitted by Section 6.02, except for such defects in title as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. (b) Each Loan Party and each Subsidiary owns, or is licensed to use, all trademarks, tradenames, copyrights, patents and other intellectual property used in its business as currently conducted, except for such trademarks, tradenames, copyrights, patents and other intellectual property the failure of which to own or license would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of each Loan Party, the use thereof by each Loan Party and each Subsidiary does not infringe upon the rights of any other Person other than, in each case, as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. SECTION 3.06 Litigation and Environmental Matters. (a) There are no actions, suits or proceedings by or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority pending against or, to the knowledge of any Loan Party, threatened against or affecting any Loan Party or any Subsidiary (i) as to which there is a reasonable possibility of an adverse determination and that, if adversely determined, could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect or (ii) that involve any Loan Document or the Transactions. (b) Except with respect to any matters that, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i) no Loan Party or any Subsidiary has received written notice of any claim with respect to any Environmental Liability or knows of any basis for any Environmental Liability and (ii) no Loan Party or any Subsidiary (A) has failed to comply with any Environmental Law or to obtain, maintain or comply with any permit, license or other approval required under any Environmental Law, (B) has become subject to any Environmental Liability, (C) has received notice of any claim with respect to any Environmental Liability or (D) knows of any basis for any Environmental Liability. SECTION 3.07 Compliance with Laws and Agreements; No Default. Except where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, each Loan Party and each Subsidiary is in compliance with (i) all Requirements of Law applicable


 
70 746154515.7 to it or its property and (ii) all indentures, agreements and other instruments binding upon it or its property. No Default has occurred and is continuing. SECTION 3.08 Investment Company Status. No Loan Party or any Subsidiary is an “investment company” as defined in, or subject to regulation under, the Investment Company Act of 1940. SECTION 3.09 Taxes. Each Loan Party and each Subsidiary has timely filed or caused to be filed all Tax returns and reports required to have been filed and has paid or caused to be paid all Taxes required to have been paid by it, except (i) Taxes that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which such Loan Party or such Subsidiary, as applicable, has set aside on its books adequate reserves or (ii) to the extent that the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. No tax liens have been filed and no claims are being asserted with respect to any such taxes. SECTION 3.10 ERISA. No ERISA Event has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur that, when taken together with all other ERISA Events for which liability is reasonably expected to occur, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The present value of all accumulated benefit obligations under each Plan (based on the assumptions used for purposes of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87) did not, as of the date of the most recent financial statements reflecting such amounts, exceed the fair market value of the assets of such Plan. SECTION 3.11 Disclosure. (a) The Loan Parties have disclosed to the Lenders all agreements, instruments and corporate or other restrictions to which any Loan Party or any Subsidiary is subject, and all other matters known to it, that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the reports, financial statements, certificates or other information furnished by or on behalf of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with the negotiation of this Agreement or any other Loan Document (as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished) contains any material misstatement of fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that, with respect to projected financial information, the Loan Parties represent only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time delivered and, if such projected financial information was delivered prior to the Effective Date, as of the Effective Date. (b) As of the Effective Date, to the best knowledge of each Borrower, the information included in the Beneficial Ownership Certification provided on or prior to the Effective Date to any Lender in connection with this Agreement is true and correct in all respects. SECTION 3.12 Material Agreements. No Loan Party or any Subsidiary is in default in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any of the obligations, covenants or conditions contained in (i) any material agreement to which it is a party or (ii) any agreement or instrument evidencing or governing Indebtedness, in each case, that could, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. SECTION 3.13 Solvency. (a) Immediately after the consummation of the Transactions to occur on the Effective Date, (i) the fair value of the assets of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, at a fair valuation, will exceed their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise; (ii) the present fair saleable value of the property of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, will be


 
71 746154515.7 greater than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of their debts and other liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and other liabilities become absolute and matured; (iii) the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, will be able to pay their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured; and (iv) the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, will not have unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which they are engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted after the Effective Date. (b) No Loan Party intends to, nor will permit any Subsidiary to, and no Loan Party believes that it or any Subsidiary will, on a consolidated basis, incur debts beyond their ability to pay such debts as they mature, taking into account the timing of and amounts of cash to be received by it or any such Subsidiary and the timing of the amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its Indebtedness or the Indebtedness of any such Subsidiary. SECTION 3.14 Insurance. The Loan Parties maintain and cause each of their Subsidiaries to maintain with financially sound and reputable carriers having a financial strength rating of at least A- by A.M. Best Company insurance in such amounts (with no greater risk retention) and against such risks (including loss or damage by fire and loss in transit; theft, burglary, pilferage, larceny, embezzlement, and other criminal activities; business interruption; and general liability) and such other hazards, as is customarily maintained by companies of established repute engaged in the same or similar businesses operating in the same or similar locations and, except to the extent failure to pay could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, all premiums in respect of such insurance have been paid. The Loan Parties believe that the insurance maintained by or on behalf of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries is adequate and is customary for companies engaged in the same or similar businesses operating in the same or similar locations. SECTION 3.15 Capitalization and Subsidiaries. Schedule 3.15 sets forth (a) a correct and complete list of the name and relationship to Holdings of each Subsidiary, (b) a true and complete listing of each class of each of the Loan Parties’ authorized Equity Interests, of which all of such issued Equity Interests are validly issued, outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable, and owned beneficially and of record by the Persons identified on Schedule 3.15, and (c) the type of entity of Holdings and each Subsidiary. All of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests owned by any Loan Party have been (to the extent such concepts are relevant with respect to such ownership interests) duly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. SECTION 3.16 Security Interest in Collateral. The provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents create legal, valid, binding and enforceable Liens on all the Collateral in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, as security for the Obligations, to the extent that a legal, valid, binding and enforceable Lien in such Collateral may be created under the UCC or, in the case of any Mortgages, under the real property law of the applicable jurisdiction (and subject, in each case, to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), and such Liens constitute, or will upon the filing of UCC financing statements, copyright security agreements and Mortgages and the obtaining of “control” under the UCC, in each case, as applicable, with respect to the relevant Collateral as required under the UCC or the real property law of any applicable jurisdictions, perfected and continuing Liens on the Collateral, securing the Secured Obligations, and having priority over all other Liens on the Collateral except in the case of (a) Permitted Encumbrances, to the extent any such Permitted Encumbrances would have priority over the Liens in favor of the Administrative Agent pursuant to any applicable law and (b) Liens perfected only by possession (including possession of any certificate of title), to the extent the Administrative Agent has not obtained or does not maintain possession of such Collateral.


 
72 746154515.7 SECTION 3.17 Employment Matters. As of the Effective Date, there are no strikes, lockouts or slowdowns against any Loan Party or any Subsidiary pending or, to the knowledge of any Loan Party, threatened. Except as, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the hours worked by and payments made to employees of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries have not been in violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act or any other applicable federal, state, local or foreign law dealing with such matters. All material payments due from any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, or for which any claim may be made against any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, on account of wages and employee health and welfare insurance and other benefits, have been paid or accrued as a liability on the books of such Loan Party or such Subsidiary. SECTION 3.18 Margin Regulations. No Loan Party is engaged and will not engage, principally or as one of its important activities, in the business of purchasing or carrying Margin Stock, or extending credit for the purpose of purchasing or carrying Margin Stock, and no part of the proceeds of any Borrowing or Letter of Credit hereunder will be used to buy or carry any Margin Stock. Following the application of the proceeds of each Borrowing or drawing under each Letter of Credit, not more than 25% of the value of the assets (either of any Loan Party only or of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis) will be Margin Stock. SECTION 3.19 Use of Proceeds. The proceeds of the Loans have been used and will be used, whether directly or indirectly, as set forth in Section 5.08. SECTION 3.20 No Burdensome Restrictions. No Loan Party is subject to any Burdensome Restrictions except Burdensome Restrictions permitted under Section 6.10. SECTION 3.21 Anti-Corruption Laws and Sanctions. Each Loan Party has implemented and maintains in effect policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by such Loan Party, its Subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions, and such Loan Party, its Subsidiaries and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents, are in compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions in all material respects. None of (a) any Loan Party, any Subsidiary, any of their respective directors, officers or employees, or (b) to the knowledge of any such Loan Party or Subsidiary, any agent of such Loan Party or any Subsidiary that will act in any capacity in connection with or benefit from the credit facility established hereby, is a Sanctioned Person. No Borrowing or Letter of Credit, use of proceeds thereof, Transaction or other transaction contemplated by this Agreement or the other Loan Documents will violate Anti- Corruption Laws or applicable Sanctions. SECTION 3.22 Affected Financial Institutions. No Loan Party is an Affected Financial Institution. SECTION 3.23 Plan Assets; Prohibited Transactions. None of the Loan Parties or any of their Subsidiaries is an entity deemed to hold “plan assets” (within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations), and neither the execution, delivery nor performance of the transactions contemplated under this Agreement, including the making of any Loan and the issuance of any Letter of Credit hereunder, will give rise to a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. SECTION 3.24 Affiliate Transactions. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.24, as of the Original Effective Date, (i) there are no existing or proposed agreements, arrangements, understandings or transactions between any Loan Party and any of the officers, members, managers, directors, stockholders, parents, holders of other Equity Interests, employees or Affiliates (other than Subsidiaries) of any Loan Party or any members of their respective immediate families, except as would be permitted under Section 6.09, and (ii) none of the foregoing Persons is directly or indirectly indebted to or has any direct or indirect


 
73 746154515.7 ownership, partnership, or voting interest in any Affiliate of any Loan Party or any Person with which any Loan Party has a business relationship or which competes with any Loan Party. ARTICLE IV CONDITIONS SECTION 4.01 Effective Date. The obligations of the Lenders to make Loans and of the Issuing Bank to issue Letters of Credit hereunder shall not become effective until the date on which each of the following conditions is satisfied (or waived in accordance with Section 9.02): (a) Credit Agreement and Loan Documents. The Administrative Agent (or its counsel) shall have received (i) from each party hereto a counterpart of this Agreement signed on behalf of such party (which, subject to Section 9.06(b), may include any Electronic Signatures transmitted by telecopy, emailed pdf. or any other electronic means that reproduces an image of an actual executed signature page and (ii) duly executed copies of the other Loan Documents and such other certificates, documents, instruments and agreements as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably request in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, including any promissory notes requested by a Lender pursuant to Section 2.10 payable to the order of each such requesting Lender and a written opinion of the Loan Parties’ counsel, addressed to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders, all in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (b) Financial Statements and Projections. The Lenders shall have received (i) audited consolidated financial statements of Holdings and its Subsidiaries for the 2019 and 2020 fiscal years, (ii) unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Holdings and its Subsidiaries for each fiscal month and fiscal quarter ended after the date of the latest applicable financial statements delivered pursuant to clause (i) of this paragraph as to which such financial statements are available (including the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021), and such financial statements shall not, in the reasonable judgment of the Administrative Agent, reflect any material adverse change in the consolidated financial condition of Holdings and its Subsidiaries, as reflected in the audited, consolidated financial statements described in clause (i) of this paragraph and (iii) satisfactory Projections for the period beginning January 1, 2022 through and including December 31, 2025. (c) Closing Certificates; Certified Certificate of Incorporation; Good Standing Certificates. The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) a certificate of each Loan Party, dated the Effective Date and executed by its Secretary or Assistant Secretary, which shall (A) certify the resolutions of its Board of Directors, members or other body authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, (B) identify by name and title and bear the signatures of the officers of such Loan Party authorized to sign the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of a Borrower, its Financial Officers, and (C) contain appropriate attachments, including the charter, articles or certificate of organization or incorporation of each Loan Party certified by the relevant authority of the jurisdiction of organization of such Loan Party and a true and correct copy of its bylaws or operating, management or partnership agreement, or other organizational or governing documents, and (ii) a good standing certificate for each Loan Party from its jurisdiction of organization. (d) No Default Certificate. The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate, signed by a Financial Officer of each Borrower and each other Loan Party, dated as of the Effective Date, (i) stating that no Default has occurred and is continuing, (ii) stating that the representations and warranties contained in the Loan Documents are true and correct as of such date, and (iii) certifying as to any other factual matters as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent.


 
74 746154515.7 (e) Fees. The Lenders and the Administrative Agent shall have received all fees required to be paid, and all expenses required to be reimbursed for which invoices have been presented (including the reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel), on or before the Effective Date. All such amounts will be paid with proceeds of Loans made on the Effective Date and will be reflected in the funding instructions given by the Borrower Representative to the Administrative Agent on or before the Effective Date. (f) Lien Searches. The Administrative Agent shall have received the results of a recent lien search in the jurisdiction of organization of each Loan Party and each jurisdiction where assets of the Loan Parties are located, and such search shall reveal no Liens on any of the assets of the Loan Parties except for liens permitted by Section 6.02 or discharged on or prior to the Effective Date pursuant to a payoff letter or other documentation satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (g) [Reserved]. (h) Funding Account. The Administrative Agent shall have received a notice setting forth the deposit account of the Borrowers (the “Funding Account”) to which the Administrative Agent is authorized by the Borrowers to transfer the proceeds of any Borrowings requested or authorized pursuant to this Agreement. (i) [Reserved]. (j) Solvency. The Administrative Agent shall have received a solvency certificate signed by a Financial Officer of Holdings dated the Effective Date in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (k) Pledged Equity Interests; Stock Powers; Pledged Notes. The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) the certificates representing the Equity Interests pledged pursuant to the Security Agreement, together with an undated stock power for each such certificate executed in blank by a duly authorized officer of the pledgor thereof, and (ii) each promissory note (if any) pledged to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Security Agreement endorsed (without recourse) in blank (or accompanied by an executed transfer form in blank) by the pledgor thereof. (l) Filings, Registrations and Recordings. Each document (including any Uniform Commercial Code financing statement) required by the Collateral Documents or under law or reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to be filed, registered or recorded in order to create in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a perfected Lien on the Collateral described therein, prior and superior in right to any other Person (other than with respect to Liens expressly permitted by Section 6.02), shall be in proper form for filing, registration or recordation. (m) Insurance. The Administrative Agent shall have received evidence of insurance coverage in form, scope, and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and otherwise in compliance with the terms of Section 5.10 of this Agreement and Section 4.12 of the Security Agreement. (n) Letter of Credit Application. The Administrative Agent shall have received a properly completed letter of credit application (whether standalone or pursuant to a master agreement, as applicable) if the issuance of a Letter of Credit will be required on the Effective Date. (o) Legal Due Diligence. The Administrative Agent and its counsel shall have completed all legal due diligence, the results of which shall be satisfactory to the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion.


 
75 746154515.7 (p) USA PATRIOT Act, Etc. (i) The Administrative Agent shall have received, (x) at least five (5) days prior to the Effective Date, all documentation and other information regarding the Borrowers requested in connection with applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the USA PATRIOT Act, to the extent requested in writing of the Borrowers at least ten (10) days prior to the Effective Date, and (y) a properly completed and signed IRS Form W-8 or W-9, as applicable, for each Loan Party, and (ii) to the extent any Borrower qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation, at least five (5) days prior to the Effective Date, any Lender that has requested, in a written notice to the Borrowers at least ten (10) days prior to the Effective Date, a Beneficial Ownership Certification in relation to such Borrower shall have received such Beneficial Ownership Certification (provided that, upon the execution and delivery by such Lender of its signature page to this Agreement, the condition set forth in this clause (ii) shall be deemed to be satisfied). (q) Other Documents. The Administrative Agent shall have received such other documents as the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank, any Lender or their respective counsel may have reasonably requested. The Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrowers, the Lenders and the Issuing Bank of the Effective Date, and such notice shall be conclusive and binding. SECTION 4.02 Each Credit Event. The obligation of each Lender to make a Loan on the occasion of any Borrowing, and of the Issuing Bank to issue, amend or extend any Letter of Credit, is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions: (a) The representations and warranties of the Loan Parties set forth in the Loan Documents shall be true and correct in all material respects with the same effect as though made on and as of the date of such Borrowing or the date of issuance, amendment or extension of such Letter of Credit, as applicable (it being understood and agreed that any representation or warranty which by its terms is made as of a specified date shall be required to be true and correct in all material respects only as of such specified date, and that any representation or warranty which is subject to any materiality qualifier shall be required to be true and correct in all respects). (b) At the time of and immediately after giving effect to such Borrowing or the issuance, amendment or extension of such Letter of Credit, as applicable, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing. (c) After giving effect to any Borrowing or the issuance, amendment or extension of any Letter of Credit, Revolving Loan Availability shall not be less than zero. (d) Solely with respect to any Borrowing of Delayed Draw Term Loans, the Borrowers shall be in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 6.12 of this Agreement calculated on a pro forma basis for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 5.01(b) after giving effect to such Delayed Draw Term Loan, and shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a Compliance Certificate at least five (5) Business Days prior to such Borrowing evidencing compliance. Each Borrowing and each issuance, amendment or extension of a Letter of Credit shall be deemed to constitute a representation and warranty by the Borrowers on the date thereof as to the matters specified in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this Section.


 
76 746154515.7 Notwithstanding the failure to satisfy the conditions precedent set forth in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this Section, unless otherwise directed by the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, but shall have no obligation to, continue to make Loans and an Issuing Bank may, but shall have no obligation to, issue, amend or extend, or cause to be issued, amended or extended, any Letter of Credit for the ratable account and risk of the Lenders from time to time if the Administrative Agent believes that making such Loans or issuing, amending or extending, or causing the issuance, amendment or extension of, any such Letter of Credit is in the best interests of the Lenders. ARTICLE V AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS Until all of the Secured Obligations shall have been Paid in Full, each Loan Party executing this Agreement covenants and agrees, jointly and severally with all of the other Loan Parties, with the Lenders that: SECTION 5.01 Financial Statements and Other Information. The Borrowers will furnish to the Administrative Agent: (a) within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of each fiscal year of Holdings (commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021), its audited consolidated balance sheet and related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as of the end of and for such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all reported on by KPMG US LLP or such other independent public accountants reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent (without a “going concern” or like qualification, commentary or exception, and without any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit) to the effect that such consolidated financial statements present fairly in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of Holdings and its consolidated Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, accompanied by any management letter prepared by said accountants; (b) within forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal quarter of each fiscal year of Holdings (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2021), its consolidated balance sheet and related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as of the end of and for such fiscal quarter and the then elapsed portion of such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the corresponding period or periods of (or, in the case of the balance sheet, as of the end of) the previous fiscal year, all certified by a Financial Officer of the Borrower Representative as presenting fairly in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of Holdings and its consolidated Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, subject to normal year- end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes; (c) [reserved]; (d) concurrently with any delivery of financial statements under clause (a) or (b) above, a Compliance Certificate (i) certifying as presenting fairly in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of Holdings and its consolidated Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes, (ii) certifying as to whether any Default has occurred and, if any Default has occurred, specifying the details thereof and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto, (iii) setting forth reasonably detailed calculations demonstrating compliance with Section 6.12 and (iv) stating whether any change in GAAP or in the application thereof has occurred since the date of the audited financial statements referred to in Section 3.04 and, if any such change has occurred, specifying the effect of such change on the financial statements accompanying such certificate;


 
77 746154515.7 (e) concurrently with any delivery of financial statements under clause (a) above, a certificate of the accounting firm that reported on such financial statements stating whether they obtained knowledge during the course of their examination of such financial statements of any Default (which certificate may be limited to the extent required by accounting rules or guidelines); (f) as soon as available, but in any event no later than ninety (90) days after the end of each fiscal year of Holdings, a copy of the plan and forecast (including a projected consolidated balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement) of Holdings for each month of the upcoming fiscal year (the “Projections”) in form reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; (g) promptly following any request therefor, copies of any detailed audit reports, management letters or recommendations submitted to the board of directors (or the audit committee of the board of directors) of Holdings or any Borrower by independent accountants in connection with the accounts or books of Holdings or any Subsidiary, or any audit of any of them as the Administrative Agent or any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) may reasonably request; (h) promptly following any request therefor, (x) such other information regarding the operations, material changes in ownership of Equity Interests, business affairs and financial condition of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, or compliance with the terms of this Agreement, as the Administrative Agent or any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) may reasonably request and (y) information and documentation reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or any Lender for purposes of compliance with applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the USA PATRIOT Act and the Beneficial Ownership Regulation; (i) promptly after any request therefor by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, copies of (i) any documents described in Section 101(k)(1) of ERISA that any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate may request with respect to any Multiemployer Plan and (ii) any notices described in Section 101(l)(1) of ERISA that any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate may request with respect to any Multiemployer Plan; provided that if any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate has not requested such documents or notices from the administrator or sponsor of the applicable Multiemployer Plan, the applicable Loan Party or ERISA Affiliate shall promptly make a request for such documents and notices from such administrator or sponsor and shall provide copies of such documents and notices promptly after receipt thereof; and (j) promptly after receipt thereof by Holdings, it direct or indirect parent (including Public Parent), or any Subsidiary, copies of each notice or other correspondence received from the SEC (or comparable agency in any applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction) concerning any investigation or possible investigation or other inquiry by the SEC or such other agency regarding financial or other operational results of Holdings or any Subsidiary thereof. So long as Public Parent has had no direct or indirect Subsidiaries other than Holdings, the direct parent companies of Holdings, and the Subsidiaries of Holdings, and has had no assets or operations other than those directly incident to its ownership of Holdings and its Subsidiaries, the financial statements required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(a), (b) may be at the Public Parent level so long as they are accompanied by reasonably detailed accounting of the effects of including Public Parent and any other parent company of Holdings. Documents required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(a), (b) or (j) (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and, if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which such materials are publicly available as posted on the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (EDGAR); or (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Borrowers’ behalf on an Internet or intranet website, if any, to which each


 
78 746154515.7 Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether made available by the Administrative Agent); provided that: (A) upon written request by the Administrative Agent (or any Lender through the Administrative Agent) to the Borrower Representative, the Borrower Representative shall deliver paper copies of such documents to the Administrative Agent or such Lender until a written request to cease delivering paper copies is given by the Administrative Agent or such Lender and (B) the Borrower Representative shall notify the Administrative Agent and each Lender (by facsimile or through Electronic System) of the posting of any such documents and provide to the Administrative Agent through Electronic System electronic versions (i.e., soft copies) of such documents. The Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery of or to maintain paper copies of the documents referred to above, and in any event shall have no responsibility to monitor compliance by the Borrowers with any such request by a Lender for delivery, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for timely accessing posted documents or requesting delivery of paper copies of such document to it and maintaining its copies of such documents. SECTION 5.02 Notices of Material Events. Each of the Borrowers and Holdings will furnish to the Administrative Agent promptly after any Responsible Officer of the Loan Parties obtains knowledge thereof (but in any event within any time period that may be specified below) written notice of the following: (a) the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default; (b) receipt of any notice of any investigation by a Governmental Authority or any litigation or proceeding commenced or threatened against any Loan Party or any Subsidiary that (i) seeks damages in excess of $5,000,000 (except to the extent covered by insurance for which the insurer has not denied coverage), (ii) seeks injunctive relief that if adversely determined is reasonably anticipated to have a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) is asserted or instituted against any Plan, its fiduciaries or its assets, (iv) alleges criminal misconduct by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, (v) alleges the violation of, or seeks to impose remedies under, any Environmental Law or related Requirement of Law, or seeks to impose Environmental Liability, (vi) asserts liability on the part of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary in excess of $5,000,000 in respect of any tax, fee, assessment, or other governmental charge, or (vii) involves any product recall; (c) any material change in accounting or financial reporting practices by Holdings or any Subsidiary; (d) the occurrence of any ERISA Event that, alone or together with any other ERISA Events that have occurred, could reasonably be expected to result in liability of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount exceeding $5,000,000; (e) within two (2) Business Days after the occurrence thereof, any Loan Party entering into a Swap Agreement or an amendment to a Swap Agreement, together with copies of all agreements evidencing such Swap Agreement or amendment; (f) any other development that results in, or could reasonably be expected to result in, a Material Adverse Effect; and (g) any change in the information provided in the Beneficial Ownership Certification delivered to such Lender that would result in a change to the list of beneficial owners identified in such certification. Each notice delivered under this Section (i) shall be in writing, (ii) shall contain a heading or a reference line that reads “Notice under Section 5.02 of Dutch Bros., LLC, et. al. Credit Agreement dated February


 
79 746154515.7 28, 2022 and (iii) shall be accompanied by a statement of a Financial Officer or other executive officer of the Borrower Representative setting forth the details of the event or development requiring such notice and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto. SECTION 5.03 Existence; Conduct of Business. Each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, (a) do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect its legal existence and the rights, qualifications, licenses, permits, franchises, governmental authorizations, intellectual property rights, licenses and permits material to the conduct of its business, and maintain all requisite authority to conduct its business in each jurisdiction in which its business is conducted; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit any merger, consolidation, liquidation or dissolution permitted under Section 6.03 and (b) carry on and conduct its business in substantially the same manner and in substantially the same fields of enterprise as it is presently conducted. SECTION 5.04 Payment of Obligations. Each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, pay or discharge all Material Indebtedness and all other material liabilities and obligations, including Taxes, before the same shall become delinquent or in default, except where (a) the validity or amount thereof is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, (b) such Loan Party or Subsidiary has set aside on its books adequate reserves with respect thereto in accordance with GAAP and (c) the failure to make payment pending such contest could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; provided, however, that each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, remit withholding taxes and other payroll taxes to appropriate Governmental Authorities as and when claimed to be due, notwithstanding the foregoing exceptions. SECTION 5.05 Maintenance of Properties. Each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, keep and maintain all property material to the conduct of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. SECTION 5.06 Books and Records; Inspection Rights. Each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, (a) keep proper books of record and account in which full, true and correct entries are made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities and (b) permit any representatives designated by the Administrative Agent or any Lender (including employees of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any consultants, accountants, lawyers, agents and appraisers retained by the Administrative Agent), upon reasonable prior notice, to visit and inspect its properties, to conduct at the Loan Party’s premises field examinations of the Loan Party’s assets, liabilities, books and records, including examining and making extracts from its books and records, environmental assessment reports and Phase I or Phase II studies, and to discuss its affairs, finances and condition with its officers and independent accountants (and hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent and each Lender to contact its independent accountants directly) and, upon written request of the Administrative Agent, provide contact information for each bank where each Loan Party has a deposit and/or securities account and each such Loan Party hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent and each Lender to contact the bank(s) in order to request bank statements and/or balances, all at such reasonable times and as often as reasonably requested. The Loan Parties acknowledge that the Administrative Agent, after exercising its rights of inspection, may prepare and distribute to the Lenders certain Reports pertaining to the Loan Parties’ assets for internal use by the Administrative Agent and the Lenders. SECTION 5.07 Compliance with Laws and Material Contractual Obligations. Each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, (i) comply with each Requirement of Law applicable to it or its property (including, without limitation, Environmental Laws) and (ii) perform its obligations under material agreements to which it is a party, except, in each case, where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Each Loan Party will


 
80 746154515.7 maintain in effect and enforce policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by such Loan Party, its Subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions. SECTION 5.08 Use of Proceeds. (a) The proceeds of the Term A Loans and the Revolving Loans and the Letters of Credit will be used only to refinance existing Indebtedness of the Loan Parties on the Effective Date, for working capital requirements and for general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of business of the Borrowers and their Subsidiaries, including Capital Expenditures and Permitted Acquisitions. The proceeds of the Delayed Draw Term Loans will be used only for working capital requirements and for general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of business of the Borrowers and their Subsidiaries, including Capital Expenditures, Permitted Acquisitions and payment of the Revolving Loans; provided that the proceeds of the Delayed Draw Term Loans shall not be used to finance any Restricted Payments. No part of the proceeds of any Loan and no Letter of Credit will be used, whether directly or indirectly, for any purpose that entails a violation of any of the regulations of the Federal Reserve Board, including Regulations T, U and X. (b) The Borrowers will not request any Borrowing or Letter of Credit, and no Borrower shall use, and each Borrower shall procure that its Subsidiaries and its or their respective directors, officers, employees and agents shall not use, the proceeds of any Borrowing or Letter of Credit (i) in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any Anti-Corruption Laws, (ii) for the purpose of funding, financing or facilitating any activities, business or transaction of or with any Sanctioned Person, or in any Sanctioned Country, except to the extent permitted for a Person required to comply with Sanctions, or (iii) in any manner that would result in the violation of any Sanctions applicable to any party hereto. SECTION 5.09 Accuracy of Information. The Loan Parties will ensure that any information, including financial statements or other documents, furnished to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any amendment or modification hereof or thereof or waiver hereunder or thereunder contains no material misstatement of fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and the furnishing of such information shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Loan Parties on the date thereof as to the matters specified in this Section 5.09; provided that, with respect to the Projections, the Loan Parties will cause the Projections to be prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time. SECTION 5.10 Insurance. Each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, maintain with financially sound and reputable carriers having a financial strength rating of at least A- by A.M. Best Company (a) insurance in such amounts (with no greater risk retention) and against such risks (including loss or damage by fire and loss in transit; theft, burglary, pilferage, larceny, embezzlement, and other criminal activities; business interruption; and general liability) and such other hazards, as is customarily maintained by companies of established repute engaged in the same or similar businesses operating in the same or similar locations and (b) all insurance required pursuant to the Collateral Documents. The Borrowers will furnish to the Lenders, upon request of the Administrative Agent, but no less frequently than annually, information in reasonable detail as to the insurance so maintained. SECTION 5.11 [Reserved]. SECTION 5.12 Casualty and Condemnation. The Borrowers (a) will furnish to the Administrative Agent prompt written notice of any casualty or other insured damage to any material portion of the


 
81 746154515.7 Collateral or the commencement of any action or proceeding for the taking of any material portion of the Collateral or interest therein under power of eminent domain or by condemnation or similar proceeding and (b) will ensure that the Net Proceeds of any such event (whether in the form of insurance proceeds, condemnation awards or otherwise) are collected and applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Agreement and the Collateral Documents. SECTION 5.13 Depository Banks. Subject to Section 5.15, each Loan Party and each Subsidiary will utilize the Administrative Agent as its principal depository bank, including for the maintenance of operating, administrative, cash management and collection activity and the maintenance of all deposit accounts and securities accounts (other than Excluded Accounts); provided that depository accounts shall be permitted to be maintained with any Lender so long as (x) such accounts do not, in the aggregate, cause the Administrative Agent to no longer constitute the “principal depository bank” of the Loan Parties and the Subsidiaries as required above as reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent and (y) any such depository account shall be subject to a Control Agreement to the extent required by Section 4.14 of the Security Agreement; provided, further, that the Borrowers and their Subsidiaries shall be permitted to open and maintain Outside Store Deposit Accounts. SECTION 5.14 Additional Collateral; Further Assurances. (a) Subject to applicable Requirement of Law, each Loan Party will cause each of its Subsidiaries formed or acquired after the date of this Agreement to become a Loan Party by executing a Joinder Agreement. In connection therewith, the Administrative Agent shall have received all documentation and other information regarding such newly formed or acquired Subsidiaries as may be required to comply with the applicable “know your customer” rules and regulations, including the USA PATRIOT Act. Upon execution and delivery thereof, each such Person (i) shall automatically become a Loan Guarantor hereunder and thereupon shall have all of the rights, benefits, duties, and obligations in such capacity under the Loan Documents and (ii) will grant Liens to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, in any property of such Loan Party which constitutes Collateral. (b) Each Loan Party will cause 100% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of each of its Subsidiaries to be subject at all times to a first priority, perfected Lien in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Loan Documents or other security documents as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably request. (c) The Borrowers will cause Holdings to pledge and grant a first priority, perfected Lien in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, in 100% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of the Borrowers. (d) Without limiting the foregoing, each Loan Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, to the Administrative Agent such documents, agreements and instruments, and will take or cause to be taken such further actions (including the filing and recording of financing statements and other documents and such other actions or deliveries of the type required by Section 4.01, as applicable), which may be required by any Requirement of Law or which the Administrative Agent may, from time to time, reasonably request to carry out the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and to ensure perfection and priority of the Liens created or intended to be created by the Collateral Documents, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and all at the expense of the Loan Parties.


 
82 746154515.7 (e) If any material assets that are not Excluded Assets (as defined in the Security Agreement) are acquired by any Loan Party after the Effective Date (other than assets constituting Collateral under the Security Agreement that become subject to the Lien under the Security Agreement upon acquisition thereof), the Borrower Representative will (i) notify the Administrative Agent and the Lenders thereof, and, if requested by the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders, cause such assets to be subjected to a Lien securing the Secured Obligations and (ii) take, and cause each applicable Loan Party to take, such actions as shall be necessary or reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to grant and perfect such Liens, including actions described in paragraph (d) of this Section, all at the expense of the Loan Parties. SECTION 5.15 Post-Closing Obligations. Each Loan Party shall take each of the actions and deliver each of the documents, instruments, agreements and other information described on Schedule 5.15 hereto on or before the date set forth thereon (or such later date as the Administrative Agent may agree to in its sole discretion), in each case, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. ARTICLE VI NEGATIVE COVENANTS Until all of the Secured Obligations shall have been Paid in Full, each Loan Party executing this Agreement covenants and agrees, jointly and severally with all of the other Loan Parties, with the Lenders that: SECTION 6.01 Indebtedness. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except: (a) the Secured Obligations; (b) Indebtedness existing on the date hereof and set forth in Schedule 6.01 and any extensions, renewals, refinancings and replacements of any such Indebtedness in accordance with clause (f) hereof; (c) Indebtedness of any Borrower to any Subsidiary and of any Subsidiary to any Borrower or any other Subsidiary, provided that (i) Indebtedness of any Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party to any Borrower or any other Loan Party shall be subject to Section 6.04 and (ii) Indebtedness of any Loan Party to any Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party shall be subordinated to the Secured Obligations on terms reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; (d) Guarantees by any Borrower of Indebtedness of any Subsidiary and by any Subsidiary of Indebtedness of any Borrower or any other Subsidiary, provided that (i) the Indebtedness so Guaranteed is permitted by this Section 6.01, (ii) Guarantees by any Borrower or other Loan Party of Indebtedness of any Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party shall be subject to Section 6.04 and (iii) Guarantees permitted under this clause (d) shall be subordinated to the Secured Obligations on the same terms as the Indebtedness so Guaranteed is subordinated to the Secured Obligations; (e) Indebtedness of any Borrower or any Subsidiary incurred to finance the acquisition, construction or improvement of any fixed or capital assets (whether or not constituting purchase money Indebtedness), including Capital Lease Obligations and any Indebtedness assumed in connection with the acquisition of any such assets or secured by a Lien on any such assets prior to the acquisition thereof, and extensions, renewals and replacements of any such Indebtedness in accordance with clause (f) below; provided that (i) such Indebtedness is incurred prior to or within 90 days after such acquisition or the completion of such construction or improvement, (ii) the aggregate principal amount of Capital Lease Obligations permitted by this clause (e) (other than Balance Sheet Lease Obligations), together with any


 
83 746154515.7 Refinance Indebtedness in respect thereof permitted by clause (f) below, shall not exceed $25,000,000 at any time outstanding and (iii) the aggregate principal amount of other Indebtedness permitted by this clause (e) (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, Balance Sheet Lease Obligations), together with any Refinance Indebtedness in respect thereof permitted by clause (f) below, shall not exceed $40,000,000 at any time outstanding; (f) Indebtedness which represents extensions, renewals, refinancing or replacements (such Indebtedness being so extended, renewed, refinanced or replaced being referred to herein as the “Refinance Indebtedness”) of any of the Indebtedness described in clauses (b) and (e) hereof (such Indebtedness being referred to herein as the “Original Indebtedness”); provided that (i) such Refinance Indebtedness does not increase the principal amount or interest rate of the Original Indebtedness, (ii) any Liens securing such Refinance Indebtedness are not extended to any additional property of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary, (iii) no Loan Party or any Subsidiary that is not originally obligated with respect to repayment of such Original Indebtedness is required to become obligated with respect to such Refinance Indebtedness, (iv) such Refinance Indebtedness does not result in a shortening of the average weighted maturity of such Original Indebtedness, (v) the terms of such Refinance Indebtedness are not less favorable to the obligor thereunder than the original terms of such Original Indebtedness and (vi) if such Original Indebtedness was subordinated in right of payment to the Secured Obligations, then the terms and conditions of such Refinance Indebtedness must include subordination terms and conditions that are at least as favorable to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders as those that were applicable to such Original Indebtedness; (g) Indebtedness owed to any Person providing workers’ compensation, health, disability or other employee benefits or property, casualty or liability insurance, pursuant to reimbursement or indemnification obligations to such Person, in each case incurred in the ordinary course of business; (h) Indebtedness of any Loan Party in respect of performance bonds, bid bonds, appeal bonds, surety bonds and similar obligations, in each case provided in the ordinary course of business, including Indebtedness in respect of letters of credit, bank guarantees and similar instruments to support the issuance thereof; (i) Guarantees and other contingent Indebtedness by any Borrower or any Subsidiary arising under indemnity agreements to title insurers to cause such title insurers to issue title insurance policies and arising with respect to customary indemnification obligations in favor of sellers in connection with Permitted Acquisitions and purchasers in connection with Dispositions permitted hereunder; and (j) other unsecured Indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount not exceeding $40,000,000 at any time outstanding; and (k) Indebtedness in the form of a short-term loan (repaid within twelve (12) months of the original loan with capital contributions to Holdings from, or proceeds from the sale of Equity Interests of Holdings to, Public Parent) from Public Parent to Holdings, the proceeds of which are contributed to the Borrowers, in an amount not to exceed the Permitted Tax Distribution Returns for the current taxable period, provided that any Indebtedness incurred pursuant to this clause (k) shall be subordinated to the Secured Obligations on terms reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. SECTION 6.02 Liens. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Lien on any property or asset now owned or hereafter acquired by it, or assign or sell any income or revenues (including Accounts) or rights in respect of any thereof, except: (a) Liens created pursuant to any Loan Document;


 
84 746154515.7 (b) Permitted Encumbrances; (c) any Lien on any property or asset of any Borrower or any Subsidiary existing on the date hereof and set forth in Schedule 6.02, including replacement Liens on the property currently subject to such Liens securing Indebtedness permitted by Section 6.01(b); provided that (i) such Lien shall not apply to any other property or asset of such Borrower or Subsidiary or any other Loan Party or Subsidiary and (ii) such Lien shall secure only those obligations which it secures on the date hereof and extensions, renewals and replacements thereof that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof; (d) Liens on fixed or capital assets acquired, constructed or improved by any Borrower or any Subsidiary; provided that (i) such Liens secure Indebtedness permitted by clause (e) of Section 6.01, (ii) such Liens and the Indebtedness secured thereby are incurred prior to or within 90 days after such acquisition or the completion of such construction or improvement, (iii) the Indebtedness secured thereby does not exceed the cost of acquiring, constructing or improving such fixed or capital assets and (iv) such Liens shall not apply to any other property or assets of any Borrower or any Subsidiary; (e) any Lien existing on any property or asset (other than Accounts and Inventory) prior to the acquisition thereof by any Borrower or any Subsidiary or existing on any property or asset (other than Accounts and Inventory) of any Person that becomes a Loan Party after the date hereof prior to the time such Person becomes a Loan Party; provided that (i) such Lien is not created in contemplation of or in connection with such acquisition or such Person becoming a Loan Party, as the case may be, (ii) such Lien shall not apply to any other property or assets of such Loan Party and (iii) such Lien shall secure only those obligations which it secures on the date of such acquisition or the date such Person becomes a Loan Party, as the case may be, and extensions, renewals and replacements thereof that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof; (f) Liens of a collecting bank arising in the ordinary course of business under Section 4-210 of the UCC in effect in the relevant jurisdiction covering only the items being collected upon; (g) Liens arising out of Sale and Leaseback Transactions permitted by Section 6.06; (h) Liens granted by a Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in favor of a Borrower or another Loan Party in respect of Indebtedness owed by such Subsidiary; (i) Liens (including the right of set-off) in favor of a bank or other depository institution arising as a matter of law encumbering deposits; (j) any encumbrance of a lessor, licensor, or sublessor under any lease, license, or sublease entered into by any Borrower or any Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business; (k) leases, subleases, licenses, or sublicenses granted to third parties or to Affiliates in the ordinary course of business, or rights reserved to or vested in any Person pursuant to the terms of any lease, license, franchise, grant, or permit held by any Borrower or any Subsidiary which do not (i) interfere in any material respect with the business of any Borrower or any Subsidiary or (ii) secure any Indebtedness; (l) Liens granted to any payment processor in connection with any settlement account or reserve account established pursuant to an agreement with a payment processor for the purpose of processing payment card or payment application transactions; and (m) any right to receive settlement on card or payment application transactions conducted with any Borrower or any Subsidiary and its customers;


 
85 746154515.7 provided that no Liens permitted under this Section 6.02 (other than those permitted by paragraphs (a) and (b) above) shall exist on (i) any owned real property of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary or (ii) any aircraft, engines or related aircraft property of any Loan Party, any Subsidiary or the Aircraft Trust. SECTION 6.03 Fundamental Changes. (a) No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, merge into or consolidate with any other Person, or permit any other Person to merge into or consolidate with it, or otherwise Dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, or all or substantially all of the stock of any of its Subsidiaries (in each case, whether now owned or hereafter acquired), or liquidate or dissolve, except that, if at the time thereof and immediately after giving effect thereto no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, (i) any Subsidiary of any Borrower may merge into a Borrower in a transaction in which a Borrower is the surviving entity, (ii) any Loan Party (other than any Borrower) may merge into any other Loan Party in a transaction in which the surviving entity is a Loan Party, and (iii) any Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party may liquidate or dissolve if the Borrowers determine in good faith that such liquidation or dissolution is in the best interests of the Borrowers and is not materially disadvantageous to the Lenders; provided that any such merger involving a Person that is not a wholly owned Subsidiary immediately prior to such merger shall not be permitted unless also permitted by Section 6.04. (b) No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, consummate a Division as the Dividing Person, without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent. Without limiting the foregoing, if any Loan Party that is a limited liability company consummates a Division (with or without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent as required above), each Division Successor shall be required to comply with the obligations set forth in Section 5.14 and the other further assurances obligations set forth in the Loan Documents and become a Loan Party under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. (c) No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, engage in any business other than businesses of the type conducted by the Borrowers and their Subsidiaries on the date hereof and businesses reasonably related thereto. (d) Holdings will not engage in any business or activity other than the ownership of all of the outstanding Equity Interests of the Borrowers and activities incidental thereto. Holdings will not own or acquire any assets (other than Equity Interests of the Borrowers and the cash proceeds of any Restricted Payments permitted by Section 6.08) or incur any liabilities (other than liabilities under the Loan Documents and liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with its maintenance of its existence). (e) No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, change its fiscal year or any fiscal quarter from the basis in effect on the Effective Date. (f) No Loan Party will change the accounting basis upon which its financial statements are prepared. (g) No Loan Party will change the tax filing elections it has made under the Code. SECTION 6.04 Investments, Loans, Advances, Guarantees and Acquisitions. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, form any subsidiary after the Effective Date, or purchase, hold or acquire (including pursuant to any merger with any Person that was not a Loan Party and a wholly owned Subsidiary prior to such merger) any Equity Interests, evidences of indebtedness or other securities (including any option, warrant or other right to acquire any of the foregoing) of, make or permit to exist any loans or advances to, Guarantee any obligations of, or make or permit to exist any investment or any


 
86 746154515.7 other interest in, any other Person, or purchase or otherwise acquire (in one transaction or a series of transactions) any assets of any other Person constituting a business unit (whether through purchase of assets, merger or otherwise), except: (a) Permitted Investments; (b) investments in existence on the date hereof and described in Schedule 6.04; (c) investments by Holdings in the Borrowers and by the Borrowers and the Subsidiaries in Equity Interests in their respective Subsidiaries, provided that (i) any such Equity Interests held by a Loan Party shall be pledged pursuant to the Security Agreement and (ii) the aggregate amount of investments by Loan Parties in Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties (together with outstanding intercompany loans permitted under clause (ii) to the proviso to Section 6.04(d) and outstanding Guarantees permitted under the proviso to Section 6.04(e)) shall not exceed $1,000,000 at any time outstanding (in each case determined without regard to any write-downs or write-offs); (d) loans or advances made by any Loan Party to any Subsidiary and made by any Subsidiary to a Loan Party or any other Subsidiary, provided that (i) any such loans and advances made by a Loan Party shall be evidenced by a promissory note pledged pursuant to the Security Agreement and (ii) the amount of such loans and advances made by Loan Parties to Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties (together with outstanding investments permitted under clause (ii) to the proviso to Section 6.04(c) and outstanding Guarantees permitted under the proviso to Section 6.04(e)) shall not exceed $1,000,000 at any time outstanding (in each case determined without regard to any write-downs or write-offs); (e) Guarantees constituting Indebtedness permitted by Section 6.01, provided that the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness of Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties that is Guaranteed by any Loan Party (together with outstanding investments permitted under clause (ii) to the proviso to Section 6.04(c) and outstanding intercompany loans permitted under clause (ii) to the proviso to Section 6.04(d)) shall not exceed $1,000,000 at any time outstanding (in each case determined without regard to any write-downs or write-offs); (f) loans or advances made by a Loan Party to its employees on an arms-length basis in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices for travel and entertainment expenses, relocation costs and similar purposes up to a maximum of $250,000 in the aggregate at any one time outstanding; (g) notes payable, or stock or other securities issued by Account Debtors to a Loan Party pursuant to negotiated agreements with respect to settlement of such Account Debtor’s Accounts in the ordinary course of business, consistent with past practices; (h) investments in the form of Swap Agreements permitted by Section 6.07; (i) investments of any Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary of a Loan Party or consolidates or merges with a Borrower or any Subsidiary (including in connection with a Permitted Acquisition), so long as such investments were not made in contemplation of such Person becoming a Subsidiary or of such merger; (j) investments received in connection with the disposition of assets permitted by Section 6.05; (k) investments constituting deposits described in clauses (c) and (d) of the definition of the term “Permitted Encumbrances”;


 
87 746154515.7 (l) Permitted Acquisitions; and (m) unsecured Guarantees made in the ordinary course of business of any lease or license that is leased, subleased or sublicensed to (i) another Loan Party or (ii) a franchisee; provided that the aggregate principal amount of Guarantees made pursuant to this clause (m)(ii) shall not exceed $10,000,000 at any time outstanding. SECTION 6.05 Asset Sales. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, Dispose of any asset, including any Equity Interest owned by it, nor will any Loan Party permit any Subsidiary to issue any additional Equity Interest in such Subsidiary (other than to another Loan Party or another Subsidiary in compliance with Section 6.04), except: (a) Dispositions of (i) Inventory in the ordinary course of business and (ii) used, obsolete, worn out or surplus Equipment or property in the ordinary course of business; (b) Dispositions of assets to any Borrower or any Subsidiary, provided that any such sales, transfers or dispositions involving a Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party shall be made in compliance with Section 6.09; (c) Dispositions of Accounts (excluding sales or dispositions in a factoring arrangement) in connection with the compromise, settlement or collection thereof; (d) Dispositions of Permitted Investments and other investments permitted by clauses (i) and (k) of Section 6.04; (e) Sale and Leaseback Transactions permitted by Section 6.06; (f) Dispositions resulting from any casualty or other insured damage to, or any taking under power of eminent domain or by condemnation or similar proceeding of, any property or asset of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary; (g) refranchising of a franchise previously acquired by any Borrower or Subsidiary pursuant to a Permitted Acquisition; (h) any issuance of new franchise agreements or termination, non-renewal, expiration, amendment, extension, or other modification of franchise agreements or development agreements with franchisees; (i) Dispositions of assets (other than Equity Interests in a Subsidiary unless all Equity Interests in such Subsidiary are sold) that are not permitted by any other clause of this Section, provided that the aggregate fair market value of all assets Disposed of in reliance upon this paragraph (i) shall not exceed $15,000,000 during any fiscal year of Holdings; (j) licenses, sublicenses, leases or subleases granted by any Borrower or Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business not interfering in any material respect with the business of any Borrower or any Subsidiary; (k) the non-exclusive licensing of Intellectual Property in the ordinary course of business or in accordance with industry practice; (l) Restricted Payments permitted pursuant to Section 6.08; and


 
88 746154515.7 (m) Dispositions of any aircraft, engines or related aircraft property of any Loan Party, any Subsidiary or the Aircraft Trust; provided that all Dispositions permitted under this Section 6.05 (other than those permitted by paragraphs (b), (d), (f), (h) and (l) above) shall be made for fair market value and for at least 75% cash consideration. SECTION 6.06 Sale and Leaseback Transactions. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, enter into any arrangement, directly or indirectly, whereby it shall sell or transfer any property, real or personal, used or useful in its business, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, and thereafter rent or lease such property or other property that it intends to use for substantially the same purpose or purposes as the property sold or transferred (a “Sale and Leaseback Transaction”), except for any such sale of any fixed or capital assets by any Borrower or any Subsidiary that is made for cash consideration in an amount not less than the fair value of such fixed or capital asset and is consummated within 90 days after such Borrower or such Subsidiary acquires or completes the construction of such fixed or capital asset. SECTION 6.07 Swap Agreements. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, enter into any Swap Agreement, except (a) Swap Agreements entered into to hedge or mitigate risks to which any Borrower or any Subsidiary has actual exposure (other than those in respect of Equity Interests of any Borrower or any Subsidiary), and (b) Swap Agreements entered into in order to effectively cap, collar or exchange interest rates (from floating to fixed rates, from one floating rate to another floating rate or otherwise) with respect to any interest-bearing liability or investment of any Borrower or any Subsidiary. SECTION 6.08 Restricted Payments; Certain Payments of Indebtedness. (a) No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, declare or make, or agree to declare or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment, or incur any obligation (contingent or otherwise) to do so, except (i) each of the Borrowers may declare and pay dividends with respect to its common stock payable solely in additional shares of its common stock, and, with respect to its preferred stock, payable solely in additional shares of such preferred stock or in shares of its common stock, (ii) Subsidiaries may declare and pay dividends ratably with respect to their Equity Interests, (iii) the Borrowers and Holdings may make Restricted Payments, not exceeding $5,000,000 during any fiscal year of Holdings, pursuant to and in accordance with stock option plans or other benefit plans for management or employees of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, (iv) Permitted Tax Distributions, so long as the Loan Parties use commercially reasonable efforts to have Public Parent make Permitted Tax Distribution Returns or to otherwise fund to the Borrowers, including by short-term loan to Holdings permitted under Section 6.01(k), an amount equal to the Permitted Tax Distribution Returns for such period, and (v) other Restricted Payments so long as (A) no Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom and (B) at the time of making and immediately after giving effect to such Restricted Payment, the Loan Parties are in compliance with the covenant contained in Section 6.12(b) and the Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio is equal to or less than 3.00 to 1.00, in each case, calculated on a pro forma basis for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 5.01(b). (b) No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, make or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any payment or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) of or in respect of principal of or interest on any Indebtedness, or any payment or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any Indebtedness, except:


 
89 746154515.7 (i) payment of Indebtedness created under the Loan Documents; (ii) payment of regularly scheduled interest and principal payments as and when due in respect of any Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01, other than payments in respect of Subordinated Indebtedness prohibited by the subordination provisions thereof; (iii) refinancings of Indebtedness to the extent permitted by Section 6.01; and (iv) payment of secured Indebtedness that becomes due as a result of the voluntary sale or transfer of the property or assets securing such Indebtedness to the extent such sale or transfer is permitted by the terms of Section 6.05. SECTION 6.09 Transactions with Affiliates. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, sell, lease or otherwise transfer any property or assets to, or purchase, lease or otherwise acquire any property or assets from, or otherwise engage in any other transactions with, any of its Affiliates, except (a) transactions that (i) are in the ordinary course of business and (ii) are at prices and on terms and conditions not less favorable to such Loan Party or such Subsidiary than could be obtained on an arm’s- length basis from unrelated third parties, (b) transactions between or among the Loan Parties not involving any other Affiliate, (c) any investment permitted by Section 6.04(c) or 6.04(d), (d) any Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01(c) or 6.01(d), (e) any Restricted Payment permitted by Section 6.08, (f) loans or advances to employees permitted under Section 6.04(f), (g) the payment of reasonable fees to directors of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary who are not employees of such Loan Party or any Subsidiary, and compensation and employee benefit arrangements paid to, and indemnities provided for the benefit of, directors, officers or employees of the Loan Parties or their Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, (h) any issuances of securities or other payments, awards or grants in cash, securities or otherwise pursuant to, or the funding of, employment agreements, stock options and stock ownership plans approved by a Borrower’s board of directors, and (i) transactions existing on the date hereof and set forth on Schedule 3.24. SECTION 6.10 Restrictive Agreements. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly enter into, incur or permit to exist any agreement or other arrangement that prohibits, restricts or imposes any condition upon (a) the ability of such Loan Party or any Subsidiary to create, incur or permit to exist any Lien upon any of its property or assets, or (b) the ability of any Subsidiary to pay dividends or other distributions with respect to any Equity Interests or to make or repay loans or advances to any Borrower or any other Subsidiary or to Guarantee Indebtedness of any Borrower or any other Subsidiary; provided that (i) the foregoing shall not apply to restrictions and conditions imposed by any Requirement of Law or by any Loan Document, (ii) the foregoing shall not apply to restrictions and conditions existing on the date hereof identified on Schedule 6.10 (but shall apply to any extension or renewal of, or any amendment or modification expanding the scope of, any such restriction or condition), (iii) the foregoing shall not apply to customary restrictions and conditions contained in agreements relating to the sale of a Subsidiary pending such sale, provided such restrictions and conditions apply only to the Subsidiary that is to be sold and such sale is permitted hereunder, (iv) clause (a) of the foregoing shall not apply to restrictions or conditions imposed by any agreement relating to secured Indebtedness permitted by this Agreement if such restrictions or conditions apply only to the property or assets securing such Indebtedness and (v) clause (a) of the foregoing shall not apply to customary provisions in leases and other contracts restricting the assignment thereof. SECTION 6.11 Amendment of Material Documents. No Loan Party will, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, amend, modify or waive any of its rights under (a) any agreement relating to any Subordinated Indebtedness or (b) its charter, articles or certificate of organization or incorporation and


 
90 746154515.7 bylaws or operating, management or partnership agreement, or other organizational or governing documents, to the extent any such amendment, modification or waiver would be adverse to the Lenders. SECTION 6.12 Financial Covenants. (a) Maximum Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio. The Loan Parties will not permit the Net Lease-Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio, for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of any fiscal quarter set forth below, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022, to be greater than the ratio set forth below opposite such period: Period Ratio March 31, 2022 through and including March 31, 2024 5.25 to 1.00 June 30, 2024 through and including March 31, 2025 5.00 to 1.00 June 30, 2025 through and including March 31, 2026 4.50 to 1.00 June 30, 2026 and thereafter 4.00 to 1.00 (b) Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. The Loan Parties will not permit the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of any fiscal quarter, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022, to be less than 1.20 to 1.00. ARTICLE VII EVENTS OF DEFAULT If any of the following events (“Events of Default”) shall occur: (a) the Borrowers shall fail to pay any principal of any Loan or any reimbursement obligation in respect of any LC Disbursement when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at the due date thereof or at a date fixed for prepayment thereof or otherwise; (b) the Borrowers shall fail to pay any interest on any Loan or any fee or any other amount (other than an amount referred to in clause (a) of this Article) payable under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, when and as the same shall become due and payable, and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of three (3) Business Days; (c) any representation or warranty made or deemed made by or on behalf of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary in, or in connection with, this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any amendment or modification hereof or thereof or waiver hereunder or thereunder, or in any report, certificate, financial statement or other document furnished pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any amendment or modification hereof or thereof or waiver hereunder or thereunder, shall prove to have been materially incorrect when made or deemed made; (d) any Loan Party shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in Section 5.02(a), 5.03 (with respect to a Loan Party’s existence), 5.08, or 5.15 or in Article VI;


 
91 746154515.7 (e) any Loan Party shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in this Agreement (other than those specified in clause (a), (b) or (d)), and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of (i) ten (10) days after the earlier of knowledge of any Responsible Officer of any Loan Party of such breach or notice thereof from the Administrative Agent (which notice will be given at the request of any Lender) if such breach relates to terms or provisions of Section 5.01 or (ii) thirty (30) days after the earlier of knowledge of any Responsible Officer of any Loan Party of such breach or notice thereof from the Administrative Agent (which notice will be given at the request of any Lender) if such breach relates to terms or provisions of any other Section of this Agreement; provided that, if such failure is within the reasonable power of such Loan Party to cure after knowledge of such Responsible Officer of such Loan Party of such breach or notice thereof from the Administrative Agent, as applicable, then such failure shall not constitute an Event of Default if during such 30-day period, such Loan Party begins to cure the failure and then diligently pursues the cure to completion, except that in no event will the cure period under this clause (e) exceed sixty (60) days from the date such Responsible Officer of such Loan Party has knowledge of such breach or receipt of such notice from the Administrative Agent, as applicable; (f) (i) any Loan Party or any Subsidiary shall fail to make any payment (whether of principal or interest and regardless of amount) in respect of any Material Indebtedness, when and as the same shall become due and payable, or (ii) any other event or condition occurs that results in any default under any Material Indebtedness and, in each case of clauses (i) and (ii), such failure or default continues after any applicable grace or notice period thereunder and the effect of such failure or default is that such Material Indebtedness becomes due before its stated maturity or the holder or holders of such Material Indebtedness (or any trustee or agent on its or their behalf) are allowed to declare such Material Indebtedness due, or to require the prepayment, repurchase, redemption or defeasance of such Material Indebtedness, before its stated maturity; (g) [reserved]; (h) an involuntary proceeding shall be commenced or an involuntary petition shall be filed seeking (i) liquidation, reorganization or other relief in respect of a Loan Party or Subsidiary or its debts, or of a substantial part of its assets, under any federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in effect or (ii) the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, sequestrator, conservator or similar official for any Loan Party or any Subsidiary or for a substantial part of its assets, and, in any such case, such proceeding or petition shall continue undismissed for sixty (60) days or an order or decree approving or ordering any of the foregoing shall be entered; (i) any Loan Party or any Subsidiary (other than an Immaterial Subsidiary) shall (i) voluntarily commence any proceeding or file any petition seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under any federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in effect, (ii) consent to the institution of, or fail to contest in a timely and appropriate manner, any proceeding or petition described in clause (h) of this Article, (iii) apply for or consent to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, sequestrator, conservator or similar official for such Loan Party or Subsidiary (other than an Immaterial Subsidiary) of any Loan Party or for a substantial part of its assets, (iv) file an answer admitting the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any such proceeding, (v) make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors or (vi) take any action for the purpose of effecting any of the foregoing; (j) any Loan Party or any Subsidiary (other than an Immaterial Subsidiary) shall become unable, admit in writing its inability, or publicly declare its intention not to, or fail generally, to pay its debts as they become due;


 
92 746154515.7 (k) one or more judgments for the payment of money in an aggregate amount in excess of $10,000,000 shall be rendered against any Loan Party, any Subsidiary or any combination thereof and the same shall remain undischarged for a period of thirty (30) consecutive days during which execution shall not be effectively stayed, or any action shall be legally taken by a judgment creditor to attach or levy upon any assets of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary to enforce any such judgment or any Loan Party or any Subsidiary shall fail within thirty (30) days to discharge one or more non-monetary judgments or orders which, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, which judgments or orders, in any such case, are not stayed on appeal or otherwise being appropriately contested in good faith by proper proceedings diligently pursued; (l) an ERISA Event shall have occurred that, in the opinion of the Required Lenders, when taken together with all other ERISA Events that have occurred, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; (m) a Change in Control shall occur; (n) the occurrence of any “default”, as defined in any Loan Document (other than this Agreement), or the breach of any of the terms or provisions of any Loan Document (other than this Agreement), which default or breach continues beyond any period of grace therein provided; (o) the Loan Guaranty shall fail to remain in full force or effect or any action shall be taken to discontinue or to assert the invalidity or unenforceability of the Loan Guaranty, or any Loan Guarantor shall fail to comply with any of the terms or provisions of the Loan Guaranty, or any Loan Guarantor shall deny that it has any further liability under the Loan Guaranty, or shall give notice to such effect, including, but not limited to, notice of termination delivered pursuant to Section 10.08; (p) except as permitted by the terms of any Collateral Document, (i) any Collateral Document shall for any reason fail to create a valid security interest in any Collateral purported to be covered thereby, or (ii) any Lien securing any Secured Obligation shall cease to be a perfected, first priority Lien; (q) any Collateral Document shall fail to remain in full force or effect or any action shall be taken to discontinue or to assert the invalidity or unenforceability of any Collateral Document; or (r) any material provision of any Loan Document for any reason ceases to be valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with its terms (or any Loan Party shall challenge the enforceability of any Loan Document or shall assert in writing, or engage in any action or inaction that evidences its assertion, that any provision of any of the Loan Documents has ceased to be or otherwise is not valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with its terms), other than as a result of acts or omissions by the Administrative Agent or any Lender or upon the occurrence of Payment in Full; then, and in every such event (other than an event with respect to the Borrowers described in clause (h) or (i) of this Article), and at any time thereafter during the continuance of such event, the Administrative Agent may, and at the request of the Required Lenders shall, by notice to the Borrower Representative, take either or both of the following actions, at the same or different times: (i) terminate the Commitments (including the Swingline Commitment), whereupon the Commitments shall terminate immediately, (ii) declare the Loans then outstanding to be due and payable in whole (or in part, but ratably as among the Classes of Loans and the Loans of each Class at the time outstanding, in which case any principal not so declared to be due and payable may thereafter be declared to be due and payable), whereupon the principal of the Loans so declared to be due and payable, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any break funding payments) and other obligations of the Borrowers accrued hereunder, shall become due and payable immediately, in each case without presentment, demand, protest


 
93 746154515.7 or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrowers, and (iii) require cash collateral for the LC Exposure in accordance with Section 2.06(j) hereof; and in the case of any event with respect to the Borrowers described in clause (h) or (i) of this Article, the Commitments (including the Swingline Commitment) shall automatically terminate and the principal of the Loans then outstanding, and cash collateral for the LC Exposure, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any break funding payments) and other obligations of the Borrowers accrued hereunder and under any other Loan Document, shall automatically become due and payable, in each case without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrowers. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Administrative Agent may, and at the request of the Required Lenders shall, increase the rate of interest applicable to the Loans and other Obligations as set forth in this Agreement and exercise any rights and remedies provided to the Administrative Agent under the Loan Documents or at law or equity, including all remedies provided under the UCC. ARTICLE VIII THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECTION 8.01 Authorization and Action. (a) Each Lender, on behalf of itself and any of its Affiliates that are Secured Parties, and each Issuing Bank hereby irrevocably appoints the entity named as Administrative Agent in the heading of this Agreement and its successors and assigns to serve as the administrative agent and collateral agent under the Loan Documents and each Lender and each Issuing Bank authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions as agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents as are delegated to the Administrative Agent under such agreements and to exercise such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. In addition, to the extent required under the laws of any jurisdiction other than within the United States, each Lender and each Issuing Bank hereby grants to the Administrative Agent any required powers of attorney to execute and enforce any Collateral Document governed by the laws of such jurisdiction on such Lender’s or such Issuing Bank’s behalf. Without limiting the foregoing, each Lender and each Issuing Bank hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to execute and deliver, and to perform its obligations under, each of the Loan Documents to which the Administrative Agent is a party, and to exercise all rights, powers and remedies that the Administrative Agent may have under such Loan Documents. (b) As to any matters not expressly provided for herein and in the other Loan Documents (including enforcement or collection), the Administrative Agent shall not be required to exercise any discretion or take any action, but shall be required to act or to refrain from acting (and shall be fully protected in so acting or refraining from acting) upon the written instructions of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, pursuant to the terms in the Loan Documents), and, unless and until revoked in writing, such instructions shall be binding upon each Lender and each Issuing Bank; provided, however, that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any action that (i) the Administrative Agent in good faith believes exposes it to liability unless the Administrative Agent receives an indemnification and is exculpated in a manner satisfactory to it from the Lenders and the Issuing Banks with respect to such action or (ii) is contrary to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or applicable law, including any action that may be in violation of the automatic stay under any requirement of law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization or relief of debtors or that may effect a forfeiture, modification or termination of property of a Defaulting Lender in violation of any requirement of law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization or relief of debtors; provided, further, that the Administrative Agent may seek clarification or direction from the Required Lenders prior to the exercise of any such instructed action and may refrain from acting until such clarification or direction has been provided. Except as expressly set forth in the Loan Documents, the Administrative Agent shall


 
94 746154515.7 not have any duty to disclose, and shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, any information relating to any Borrower, any other Loan Party, any Subsidiary or any Affiliate of any of the foregoing that is communicated to or obtained by the Person serving as Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity. Nothing in this Agreement shall require the Administrative Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. (c) In performing its functions and duties hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the Administrative Agent is acting solely on behalf of the Lenders and the Issuing Banks (except in limited circumstances expressly provided for herein relating to the maintenance of the Register), and its duties are entirely mechanical and administrative in nature. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing: (i) the Administrative Agent does not assume and shall not be deemed to have assumed any obligation or duty or any other relationship as the agent, fiduciary or trustee of or for any Lender, Issuing Bank, any other Secured Party or holder of any other obligation other than as expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, regardless of whether a Default or an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing (and it is understood and agreed that the use of the term “agent” (or any similar term) herein or in any other Loan Document with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary duty or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable law, and that such term is used as a matter of market custom and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between contracting parties); additionally, each Lender agrees that it will not assert any claim against the Administrative Agent based on an alleged breach of fiduciary duty by the Administrative Agent in connection with this Agreement and/or the transactions contemplated hereby; and (ii) nothing in this Agreement or any Loan Document shall require the Administrative Agent to account to any Lender for any sum or the profit element of any sum received by the Administrative Agent for its own account. (d) The Administrative Agent may perform any of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Loan Document by or through any one or more sub-agents appointed by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent may perform any of their respective duties and exercise their respective rights and powers through their respective Related Parties. The exculpatory provisions of this Article shall apply to any such sub-agent and to the Related Parties of the Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent, and shall apply to their respective activities pursuant to this Agreement. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agent except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines in a final and non- appealable judgment that the Administrative Agent acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in the selection of such sub-agent. (e) The Arrangers, syndication agent and co-documentation agents shall have no obligations or duties whatsoever in such capacity under this Agreement or any other Loan Document and shall incur no liability hereunder or thereunder in such capacity, but all such persons shall have the benefit of the indemnities provided for hereunder. (f) In case of the pendency of any proceeding with respect to any Loan Party under any Federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in effect, the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan or any reimbursement obligation in respect of any LC Disbursement shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or


 
95 746154515.7 otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrowers) shall be entitled and empowered (but not obligated) by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise: (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Loans, LC Disbursements and all other Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Lenders, the Issuing Banks and the Administrative Agent (including any claim under Sections 2.12, 2.13, 2.15, 2.17 and 9.03) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and (ii) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender, each Issuing Bank and each other Secured Party to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, in the event that the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders, the Issuing Banks or the other Secured Parties, to pay to the Administrative Agent any amount due to it, in its capacity as the Administrative Agent, under the Loan Documents (including under Section 9.03). Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Administrative Agent to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Lender or Issuing Bank any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Obligations or the rights of any Lender or Issuing Bank or to authorize the Administrative Agent to vote in respect of the claim of any Lender or Issuing Bank in any such proceeding. (g) The provisions of this Article are solely for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Issuing Banks, and, except solely to the extent of the Borrowers’ rights to consent pursuant to and subject to the conditions set forth in this Article, none of the Borrowers or any Subsidiary, or any of their respective Affiliates, shall have any rights as a third party beneficiary under any such provisions. Each Secured Party, whether or not a party hereto, will be deemed, by its acceptance of the benefits of the Collateral and of the Guarantees of the Secured Obligations provided under the Loan Documents, to have agreed to the provisions of this Article. SECTION 8.02 Administrative Agent’s Reliance, Limitation of Liability, Etc. (a) Neither the Administrative Agent nor any of its Related Parties shall be (i) liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by such party, the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties under or in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents (x) with the consent of or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith to be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in the Loan Documents) or (y) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct (such absence to be presumed unless otherwise determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by a final and non-appealable judgment) or (ii) responsible in any manner to any of the Lenders for any recitals, statements, representations or warranties made by any Loan Party or any officer thereof contained in this Agreement or any other Loan Document or in any certificate, report, statement or other document referred to or provided for in, or received by the Administrative Agent under or in connection with, this Agreement or any other Loan Document or for the value, validity, effectiveness, genuineness, enforceability or sufficiency of this Agreement or any other Loan Document (including, for the avoidance of doubt, in connection with the Administrative Agent’s reliance on any Electronic Signature transmitted by telecopy, emailed pdf. or any other electronic means that reproduces an image of an actual executed signature page) or for any failure of any Loan Party to perform its obligations hereunder or thereunder.


 
96 746154515.7 (b) The Administrative Agent shall be deemed not to have knowledge of any (i) notice of any of the events or circumstances set forth or described in Section 5.02 unless and until written notice thereof stating that it is a “notice under Section 5.02” in respect of this Agreement and identifying the specific clause under said Section is given to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower Representative, or (ii) notice of any Default or Event of Default unless and until written notice thereof (stating that it is a “notice of Default” or a “notice of an Event of Default”) is given to the Administrative Agent by the Borrowers, a Lender or an Issuing Bank. Further, the Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with any Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered thereunder or in connection therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth in any Loan Document or the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, (iv) the sufficiency, validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of any Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document, (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article IV or elsewhere in any Loan Document, other than to confirm receipt of items (which on their face purport to be such items) expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent or satisfaction of any condition that expressly refers to the matters described therein being acceptable or satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, or (vi) the creation, perfection or priority of Liens on the Collateral. (c) Without limiting the foregoing, the Administrative Agent (i) may treat the payee of any promissory note as its holder until such promissory note has been assigned in accordance with Section 9.04, (ii) may rely on the Register to the extent set forth in Section 9.04(b), (iii) may consult with legal counsel (including counsel to the Borrowers), independent public accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken in good faith by it in accordance with the advice of such counsel, accountants or experts, (iv) makes no warranty or representation to any Lender or Issuing Bank and shall not be responsible to any Lender or Issuing Bank for any statements, warranties or representations made by or on behalf of any Loan Party in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (v) in determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Loan, or the issuance of a Letter of Credit, that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender or an Issuing Bank, may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender or Issuing Bank unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender or Issuing Bank sufficiently in advance of the making of such Loan or the issuance of such Letter of Credit and (vi) shall be entitled to rely on, and shall incur no liability under or in respect of this Agreement or any other Loan Document by acting upon, any notice, consent, certificate or other instrument or writing (which writing may be a fax, any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) or any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to be genuine and signed or sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper party or parties (whether or not such Person in fact meets the requirements set forth in the Loan Documents for being the maker thereof). SECTION 8.03 Posting of Communications. (a) Each Borrower agrees that the Administrative Agent may, but shall not be obligated to, make any Communications available to the Lenders and the Issuing Banks by posting the Communications on IntraLinks™, DebtDomain, SyndTrak, ClearPar or any other electronic system chosen by the Administrative Agent to be its electronic transmission system (the “Approved Electronic Platform”). (b) Although the Approved Electronic Platform and its primary web portal are secured with generally-applicable security procedures and policies implemented or modified by the Administrative Agent from time to time (including, as of the Effective Date, a user ID/password authorization system) and the Approved Electronic Platform is secured through a per-deal authorization method whereby each user may access the Approved Electronic Platform only on a deal-by-deal basis, each of the Lenders, each of the Issuing Banks and each Borrower acknowledges and agrees that the distribution of material through an


 
97 746154515.7 electronic medium is not necessarily secure, that the Administrative Agent is not responsible for approving or vetting the representatives or contacts of any Lender that are added to the Approved Electronic Platform, and that there may be confidentiality and other risks associated with such distribution. Each of the Lenders, each of the Issuing Banks and each Borrower hereby approves distribution of the Communications through the Approved Electronic Platform and understands and assumes the risks of such distribution. (c) THE APPROVED ELECTRONIC PLATFORM AND THE COMMUNICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE”. THE APPLICABLE PARTIES (AS DEFINED BELOW) DO NOT WARRANT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS, OR THE ADEQUACY OF THE APPROVED ELECTRONIC PLATFORM AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM LIABILITY FOR ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN THE APPROVED ELECTRONIC PLATFORM AND THE COMMUNICATIONS. NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR FREEDOM FROM VIRUSES OR OTHER CODE DEFECTS, IS MADE BY THE APPLICABLE PARTIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE COMMUNICATIONS OR THE APPROVED ELECTRONIC PLATFORM. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY ARRANGER, ANY OTHER AGENT OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE RELATED PARTIES (COLLECTIVELY, “APPLICABLE PARTIES”) HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO ANY LOAN PARTY, ANY LENDER, ANY ISSUING BANK OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING DIRECT OR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOSSES OR EXPENSES (WHETHER IN TORT, CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF ANY LOAN PARTY’S OR THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT’S TRANSMISSION OF COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH THE INTERNET OR THE APPROVED ELECTRONIC PLATFORM. “Communications” means, collectively, any notice, demand, communication, information, document or other material provided by or on behalf of any Loan Party pursuant to any Loan Document or the transactions contemplated therein which is distributed by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any Issuing Bank by means of electronic communications pursuant to this Section, including through an Approved Electronic Platform. (d) Each Lender and each Issuing Bank agrees that notice to it (as provided in the next sentence) specifying that Communications have been posted to the Approved Electronic Platform shall constitute effective delivery of the Communications to such Lender for purposes of the Loan Documents. Each Lender and Issuing Bank agrees (i) to notify the Administrative Agent in writing (which could be in the form of electronic communication) from time to time of such Lender’s or Issuing Bank’s (as applicable) email address to which the foregoing notice may be sent by electronic transmission and (ii) that the foregoing notice may be sent to such email address. (e) Each of the Lenders, each of the Issuing Banks and each Borrower agrees that the Administrative Agent may, but (except as may be required by applicable law) shall not be obligated to, store the Communications on the Approved Electronic Platform in accordance with the Administrative Agent’s generally applicable document retention procedures and policies. (f) Nothing herein shall prejudice the right of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any Issuing Bank to give any notice or other communication pursuant to any Loan Document in any other manner specified in such Loan Document. SECTION 8.04 The Administrative Agent Individually. With respect to its Commitment, Loans (including Swingline Loans) and Letters of Credit, the Person serving as the Administrative Agent shall have and may exercise the same rights and powers hereunder and is subject to the same obligations and


 
98 746154515.7 liabilities as and to the extent set forth herein for any other Lender or Issuing Bank, as the case may be. The terms “Issuing Banks”, “Lenders”, “Required Lenders” and any similar terms shall, unless the context clearly otherwise indicates, include the Administrative Agent in its individual capacity as a Lender, Issuing Bank or as one of the Required Lenders, as applicable. The Person serving as the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, own securities of, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for and generally engage in any kind of banking, trust or other business with, any Loan Party, any Subsidiary or any Affiliate of any of the foregoing as if such Person was not acting as the Administrative Agent and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders or the Issuing Banks. SECTION 8.05 Successor Administrative Agent. (a) The Administrative Agent may resign at any time by giving thirty (30) days’ prior written notice thereof to the Lenders, the Issuing Banks and the Borrower Representative, whether or not a successor Administrative Agent has been appointed. Upon any such resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right to appoint a successor Administrative Agent. If no successor Administrative Agent shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders, and shall have accepted such appointment, within thirty (30) days after the retiring Administrative Agent’s giving of notice of resignation, then the retiring Administrative Agent may, on behalf of the Lenders and the Issuing Banks, appoint a successor Administrative Agent, which shall be a bank with an office in New York, New York or an Affiliate of any such bank. In either case, such appointment shall be subject to the prior written approval of the Borrower Representative (which approval may not be unreasonably withheld and shall not be required while an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing). Upon the acceptance of any appointment as Administrative Agent by a successor Administrative Agent, such successor Administrative Agent shall succeed to, and become vested with, all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Administrative Agent. Upon the acceptance of appointment as Administrative Agent by a successor Administrative Agent, the retiring Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Prior to any retiring Administrative Agent’s resignation hereunder as Administrative Agent, the retiring Administrative Agent shall take such action as may be reasonably necessary to assign to the successor Administrative Agent its rights as Administrative Agent under the Loan Documents. (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this Section, in the event no successor Administrative Agent shall have been so appointed and shall have accepted such appointment within thirty (30) days after the retiring Administrative Agent gives notice of its intent to resign, the retiring Administrative Agent may give notice of the effectiveness of its resignation to the Lenders, the Issuing Banks and the Borrower Representative, whereupon, on the date of effectiveness of such resignation stated in such notice, (i) the retiring Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents; provided that, solely for purposes of maintaining any security interest granted to the Administrative Agent under any Collateral Document for the benefit of the Secured Parties, the retiring Administrative Agent shall continue to be vested with such security interest as collateral agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties, and continue to be entitled to the rights set forth in such Collateral Document and Loan Document, and, in the case of any Collateral in the possession of the Administrative Agent, shall continue to hold such Collateral, in each case until such time as a successor Administrative Agent is appointed and accepts such appointment in accordance with this Section (it being understood and agreed that the retiring Administrative Agent shall have no duty or obligation to take any further action under any Security Document, including any action required to maintain the perfection of any such security interest), and (ii) the Required Lenders shall succeed to and become vested with all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Administrative Agent; provided that (A) all payments required to be made hereunder or under any other Loan Document to the Administrative Agent for the account of any Person other than the Administrative Agent shall be made directly to such Person and (B) all notices and other


 
99 746154515.7 communications required or contemplated to be given or made to the Administrative Agent shall directly be given or made to each Lender and each Issuing Bank. Following the effectiveness of the Administrative Agent’s resignation from its capacity as such, the provisions of this Article, Section 2.17(d) and Section 9.03, as well as any exculpatory, reimbursement and indemnification provisions set forth in any other Loan Document, shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring Administrative Agent, its sub- agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring Administrative Agent was acting as Administrative Agent and in respect of the matters referred to in the proviso under clause (a) above. SECTION 8.06 Acknowledgements of Lenders and Issuing Banks. (a) Each Lender and each Issuing Bank represents and warrants that (i) the Loan Documents set forth the terms of a commercial lending facility, (ii) it is engaged in making, acquiring or holding commercial loans and in providing other facilities set forth herein as may be applicable to such Lender or Issuing Bank, in each case in the ordinary course of business, and not for the purpose of purchasing, acquiring or holding any other type of financial instrument (and each Lender and each Issuing Bank agrees not to assert a claim in contravention of the foregoing), (iii) it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, any Arranger, or any other Lender or Issuing Bank, or any of the Related Parties of any of the foregoing, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement as a Lender, and to make, acquire or hold Loans hereunder and (iv) it is sophisticated with respect to decisions to make, acquire and/or hold commercial loans and to provide other facilities set forth herein, as may be applicable to such Lender or such Issuing Bank, and either it, or the Person exercising discretion in making its decision to make, acquire and/or hold such commercial loans or to provide such other facilities, is experienced in making, acquiring or holding such commercial loans or providing such other facilities. Each Lender and each Issuing Bank also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, any Arranger, or any other Lender or Issuing Bank, or any of the Related Parties of any of the foregoing, and based on such documents and information (which may contain material, non-public information within the meaning of the United States securities laws concerning the Borrowers and their Affiliates) as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder. (b) Each Lender, by delivering its signature page to this Agreement on the Effective Date, or delivering its signature page to an Assignment and Assumption or any other Loan Document pursuant to which it shall become a Lender hereunder, shall be deemed to have acknowledged receipt of, and consented to and approved, each Loan Document and each other document required to be delivered to, or be approved by or satisfactory to, the Administrative Agent or the Lenders on the Effective Date or the effective date of any such Assignment and Assumption or any other Loan Document pursuant to which it shall have become a Lender hereunder. (c) (i) Each Lender hereby agrees that (x) if the Administrative Agent notifies such Lender that the Administrative Agent has determined in its sole discretion that any funds received by such Lender from the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates (whether as a payment, prepayment or repayment of principal, interest, fees or otherwise; individually and collectively, a “Payment”) were erroneously transmitted to such Lender (whether or not known to such Lender), and demands the return of such Payment (or a portion thereof), such Lender shall promptly, but in no event later than one Business Day thereafter, return to the Administrative Agent the amount of any such Payment (or portion thereof) as to which such a demand was made in same day funds, together with interest thereon in respect of each day from and including the date such Payment (or portion thereof) was received by such Lender to the date such amount is repaid to the


 
100 746154515.7 Administrative Agent at the greater of the NYFRB Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation from time to time in effect, and (y) to the extent permitted by applicable law, such Lender shall not assert, and hereby waives, as to the Administrative Agent, any claim, counterclaim, defense or right of set-off or recoupment with respect to any demand, claim or counterclaim by the Administrative Agent for the return of any Payments received, including, without limitation, any defense based on “discharge for value” or any similar doctrine. A notice of the Administrative Agent to any Lender under this Section 8.06(c) shall be conclusive, absent manifest error. (ii) Each Lender hereby further agrees that if it receives a Payment from the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates (x) that is in a different amount than, or on a different date from, that specified in a notice of payment sent by the Administrative Agent (or any of its Affiliates) with respect to such Payment (a “Payment Notice”) or (y) that was not preceded or accompanied by a Payment Notice, it shall be on notice, in each such case, that an error has been made with respect to such Payment. Each Lender agrees that, in each such case, or if it otherwise becomes aware a Payment (or portion thereof) may have been sent in error, such Lender shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent of such occurrence and, upon demand from the Administrative Agent, it shall promptly, but in no event later than one Business Day thereafter, return to the Administrative Agent the amount of any such Payment (or portion thereof) as to which such a demand was made in same day funds, together with interest thereon in respect of each day from and including the date such Payment (or portion thereof) was received by such Lender to the date such amount is repaid to the Administrative Agent at the greater of the NYFRB Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation from time to time in effect. (iii) Each Borrower and each other Loan Party hereby agrees that (x) in the event an erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) is not recovered from any Lender that has received such Payment (or portion thereof) for any reason, the Administrative Agent shall be subrogated to all the rights of such Lender with respect to such amount and (y) an erroneous Payment shall not pay, prepay, repay, discharge or otherwise satisfy any Obligations owed by any Borrower or any other Loan Party. (iv) Each party’s obligations under this Section 8.06(c) shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent or any transfer of rights or obligations by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Commitments or the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all Obligations under any Loan Document. (d) Each Lender hereby agrees that (i) it has requested a copy of each Report prepared by or on behalf of the Administrative Agent; (ii) the Administrative Agent (A) makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the completeness or accuracy of any Report or any of the information contained therein or any inaccuracy or omission contained in or relating to a Report and (B) shall not be liable for any information contained in any Report; (iii) the Reports are not comprehensive audits or examinations, and that any Person performing any field examination will inspect only specific information regarding the Loan Parties and will rely significantly upon the Loan Parties’ books and records, as well as on representations of the Loan Parties’ personnel and that the Administrative Agent undertakes no obligation to update, correct or supplement the Reports; (iv) it will keep all Reports confidential and strictly for its internal use, not share the Report with any Loan Party or any other Person except as otherwise permitted pursuant to this Agreement; and (v) without limiting the generality of any other indemnification provision contained in this Agreement, (A) it will hold the Administrative Agent and any such other Person preparing a Report harmless from any action the indemnifying Lender may take or conclusion the indemnifying Lender may reach or draw from any Report in connection with any extension of credit that


 
101 746154515.7 the indemnifying Lender has made or may make to the Borrowers, or the indemnifying Lender’s participation in, or the indemnifying Lender’s purchase of, a Loan or Loans; and (B) it will pay and protect, and indemnify, defend, and hold the Administrative Agent and any such other Person preparing a Report harmless from and against, the claims, actions, proceedings, damages, costs, expenses, and other amounts (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Administrative Agent or any such other Person as the direct or indirect result of any third parties who might obtain all or part of any Report through the indemnifying Lender. SECTION 8.07 Collateral Matters. (a) Except with respect to the exercise of setoff rights in accordance with Section 9.08 or with respect to a Secured Party’s right to file a proof of claim in an insolvency proceeding, no Secured Party shall have any right individually to realize upon any of the Collateral or to enforce any Guarantee of the Secured Obligations, it being understood and agreed that all powers, rights and remedies under the Loan Documents may be exercised solely by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties in accordance with the terms thereof. In its capacity, the Administrative Agent is a “representative” of the Secured Parties within the meaning of the term “secured party” as defined in the UCC. In the event that any Collateral is hereafter pledged by any Person as collateral security for the Secured Obligations, the Administrative Agent is hereby authorized, and hereby granted a power of attorney, to execute and deliver on behalf of the Secured Parties any Loan Documents necessary or appropriate to grant and perfect a Lien on such Collateral in favor of the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties. (b) In furtherance of the foregoing and not in limitation thereof, no arrangements in respect of Banking Services the obligations under which constitute Secured Obligations and no Swap Agreement the obligations under which constitute Secured Obligations, will create (or be deemed to create) in favor of any Secured Party that is a party thereto any rights in connection with the management or release of any Collateral or of the obligations of any Loan Party under any Loan Document. By accepting the benefits of the Collateral, each Secured Party that is a party to any such arrangement in respect of Banking Services or Swap Agreement, as applicable, shall be deemed to have appointed the Administrative Agent to serve as administrative agent and collateral agent under the Loan Documents and agreed to be bound by the Loan Documents as a Secured Party thereunder, subject to the limitations set forth in this paragraph. (c) The Secured Parties irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at its option and in its discretion, to subordinate any Lien on any property granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document to the holder of any Lien on such property that is permitted by Section 6.02(b). The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have a duty to ascertain or inquire into any representation or warranty regarding the existence, value or collectability of the Collateral, the existence, priority or perfection of the Administrative Agent’s Lien thereon or any certificate prepared by any Loan Party in connection therewith, nor shall the Administrative Agent be responsible or liable to the Lenders or any other Secured Party for any failure to monitor or maintain any portion of the Collateral. SECTION 8.08 Credit Bidding. The Secured Parties hereby irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at the direction of the Required Lenders, to credit bid all or any portion of the Obligations (including by accepting some or all of the Collateral in satisfaction of some or all of the Obligations pursuant to a deed in lieu of foreclosure or otherwise) and in such manner purchase (either directly or through one or more acquisition vehicles) all or any portion of the Collateral (a) at any sale thereof conducted under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, including under Sections 363, 1123 or 1129 of the Bankruptcy Code, or any similar laws in any other jurisdictions to which a Loan Party is subject, or (b) at any other sale, foreclosure or acceptance of collateral in lieu of debt conducted by (or with the consent or at the direction of) the Administrative Agent (whether by judicial action or otherwise) in accordance with any applicable law. In connection with any such credit bid and purchase, the Obligations


 
102 746154515.7 owed to the Secured Parties shall be entitled to be, and shall be, credit bid by the Administrative Agent at the direction of the Required Lenders on a ratable basis (with Obligations with respect to contingent or unliquidated claims receiving contingent interests in the acquired assets on a ratable basis that shall vest upon the liquidation of such claims in an amount proportional to the liquidated portion of the contingent claim amount used in allocating the contingent interests) for the asset or assets so purchased (or for the equity interests or debt instruments of the acquisition vehicle or vehicles that are issued in connection with such purchase). In connection with any such bid (i) the Administrative Agent shall be authorized to form one or more acquisition vehicles and to assign any successful credit bid to such acquisition vehicle or vehicles (ii) each of the Secured Parties’ ratable interests in the Obligations which were credit bid shall be deemed without any further action under this Agreement to be assigned to such vehicle or vehicles for the purpose of closing such sale, (iii) the Administrative Agent shall be authorized to adopt documents providing for the governance of the acquisition vehicle or vehicles (provided that any actions by the Administrative Agent with respect to such acquisition vehicle or vehicles, including any disposition of the assets or equity interests thereof, shall be governed, directly or indirectly, by, and the governing documents shall provide for, control by the vote of the Required Lenders or their permitted assignees under the terms of this Agreement or the governing documents of the applicable acquisition vehicle or vehicles, as the case may be, irrespective of the termination of this Agreement and without giving effect to the limitations on actions by the Required Lenders contained in Section 9.02 of this Agreement), (iv) the Administrative Agent on behalf of such acquisition vehicle or vehicles shall be authorized to issue to each of the Secured Parties, ratably on account of the relevant Obligations which were credit bid, interests, whether as equity, partnership interests, limited partnership interests or membership interests, in any such acquisition vehicle and/or debt instruments issued by such acquisition vehicle, all without the need for any Secured Party or acquisition vehicle to take any further action, and (v) to the extent that Obligations that are assigned to an acquisition vehicle are not used to acquire Collateral for any reason (as a result of another bid being higher or better, because the amount of Obligations assigned to the acquisition vehicle exceeds the amount of Obligations credit bid by the acquisition vehicle or otherwise), such Obligations shall automatically be reassigned to the Secured Parties pro rata with their original interest in such Obligations and the equity interests and/or debt instruments issued by any acquisition vehicle on account of such Obligations shall automatically be cancelled, without the need for any Secured Party or any acquisition vehicle to take any further action. Notwithstanding that the ratable portion of the Obligations of each Secured Party are deemed assigned to the acquisition vehicle or vehicles as set forth in clause (ii) above, each Secured Party shall execute such documents and provide such information regarding the Secured Party (and/or any designee of the Secured Party which will receive interests in or debt instruments issued by such acquisition vehicle) as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request in connection with the formation of any acquisition vehicle, the formulation or submission of any credit bid or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by such credit bid. SECTION 8.09 Certain ERISA Matters. (a) Each Lender (x) represents and warrants, as of the date such Person became a Lender party hereto, to, and (y) covenants, from the date such Person became a Lender party hereto to the date such Person ceases being a Lender party hereto, for the benefit of, the Administrative Agent and the Arrangers and their respective Affiliates, and not, for the avoidance of doubt, to or for the benefit of any Borrower or any other Loan Party, that at least one of the following is and will be true: (i) such Lender is not using “plan assets” (within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations) of one or more Benefit Plans in connection with the Loans, the Letters of Credit or the Commitments, (ii) the transaction exemption set forth in one or more PTEs, such as PTE 84-14 (a class exemption for certain transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset


 
103 746154515.7 managers), PTE 95-60 (a class exemption for certain transactions involving insurance company general accounts), PTE 90-1 (a class exemption for certain transactions involving insurance company pooled separate accounts), PTE 91-38 (a class exemption for certain transactions involving bank collective investment funds) or PTE 96-23 (a class exemption for certain transactions determined by in-house asset managers), is applicable with respect to such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement, (iii) (A) such Lender is an investment fund managed by a “Qualified Professional Asset Manager” (within the meaning of Part VI of PTE 84-14), (B) such Qualified Professional Asset Manager made the investment decision on behalf of such Lender to enter into, participate in, administer and perform the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement, (C) the entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement satisfies the requirements of sub-sections (b) through (g) of Part I of PTE 84-14 and (D) to the best knowledge of such Lender, the requirements of subsection (a) of Part I of PTE 84-14 are satisfied with respect to such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement, or (iv) such other representation, warranty and covenant as may be agreed in writing between the Administrative Agent, in its sole discretion, and such Lender. (b) In addition, unless sub-clause (i) in the immediately preceding clause (a) is true with respect to a Lender or such Lender has provided another representation, warranty and covenant as provided in sub-clause (iv) in the immediately preceding clause (a), such Lender further (x) represents and warrants, as of the date such Person became a Lender party hereto, to, and (y) covenants, from the date such Person became a Lender party hereto to the date such Person ceases being a Lender party hereto, for the benefit of, the Administrative Agent and the Arrangers and their respective Affiliates, and not, for the avoidance of doubt, to or for the benefit of any Borrower or any other Loan Party, that none of the Administrative Agent or the Arrangers or any of their respective Affiliates is a fiduciary with respect to the Collateral or the assets of such Lender (including in connection with the reservation or exercise of any rights by the Administrative Agent under this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any documents related hereto or thereto). (c) The Administrative Agent and the Arrangers hereby inform the Lenders that each such Person is not undertaking to provide investment advice or to give advice in a fiduciary capacity, in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, and that such Person has a financial interest in the transactions contemplated hereby in that such Person or an Affiliate thereof (i) may receive interest or other payments with respect to the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments, this Agreement and any other Loan Documents, (ii) may recognize a gain if it extended the Loans, the Letters of Credit or the Commitments for an amount less than the amount being paid for an interest in the Loans, the Letters of Credit or the Commitments by such Lender or (iii) may receive fees or other payments in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, the Loan Documents or otherwise, including structuring fees, commitment fees, arrangement fees, facility fees, upfront fees, underwriting fees, ticking fees, agency fees, administrative agent or collateral agent fees, utilization fees, minimum usage fees, letter of credit fees, fronting fees, deal-away or alternate transaction fees, amendment fees, processing fees, term out premiums, banker’s acceptance fees, breakage or other early termination fees or fees similar to the foregoing. SECTION 8.10 Flood Laws. Chase has adopted internal policies and procedures that address requirements placed on federally regulated lenders under the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 and related legislation (the “Flood Laws”). Chase, as administrative agent or collateral agent on a syndicated facility, will post on the applicable electronic platform (or otherwise distribute to each Lender


 
104 746154515.7 in the syndicate) documents that it receives in connection with the Flood Laws. However, Chase reminds each Lender and Participant in the facility that, pursuant to the Flood Laws, each federally regulated Lender (whether acting as a Lender or Participant in the facility) is responsible for assuring its own compliance with the flood insurance requirements. ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 9.01 Notices. (a) Except in the case of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone or Electronic Systems (and subject in each case to paragraph (b) below), all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by fax, as follows: (i) if to any Loan Party, to it in care of the Borrower Representative at: Dutch Bros., LLC 110 SW 4th St. Grants Pass, OR 97526 Attention: Charley Jemley, Chief Financial Officer, Paddy Warren, Director - Investor Relations and Corporate Development and Josh Lute, General Counsel Fax No: (541) 471-0330 Email: charley.jemley@dutchbros.com, paddy.warren@dutchbros.com and jlute@dutchbros.com (ii) if to the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender, or Chase in its capacity as an Issuing Bank, to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. at: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Middle Market Servicing 1125 17th Street, Floor 3 Denver, CO 80202 Attention: Kristin L. Gubler Email: kristin.l.gubler@chase.com With a copy to: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 1301 2nd Avenue, Floor 24 Seattle, WA 98101 Attention: Jessalynn Nagy Email: jessalynn.m.nagy@chase.com (iii) if to any other Lender or Issuing Bank, to it at its address or fax number set forth in its Administrative Questionnaire. All such notices and other communications (i) sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail shall be deemed to have been given when received, (ii) sent by fax shall be deemed to have been given when sent, provided that if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on


 
105 746154515.7 the next Business Day of the recipient, or (iii) delivered through Electronic Systems or Approved Electronic Platforms, as applicable, to the extent provided in paragraph (b) below shall be effective as provided in such paragraph. (b) Notices and other communications to the Borrower Representative, any Loan Party, the Lenders and the Issuing Banks hereunder may be delivered or furnished by using Electronic Systems or Approved Electronic Platforms, as applicable, or pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent; provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices pursuant to Article II unless otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and the applicable Lender. Each of the Administrative Agent and the Borrower Representative (on behalf of the Loan Parties) may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by using Electronic Systems or Approved Electronic Platforms, as applicable, pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications. Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise proscribes, all such notices and other communications (i) sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement), provided that if not given during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or a communication shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient, and (ii) posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient, at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i), of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that, for both clauses (i) and (ii) above, if such notice, e-mail or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day of the recipient. (c) Any party hereto may change its address, facsimile number or e-mail address for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto. SECTION 9.02 Waivers; Amendments. (a) No failure or delay by the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender in exercising any right or power hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right or power, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power. The rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders hereunder and under any other Loan Document are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies that they would otherwise have. No waiver of any provision of any Loan Document or consent to any departure by any Loan Party therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be permitted by paragraph (b) of this Section, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the making of a Loan or issuance of a Letter of Credit shall not be construed as a waiver of any Default, regardless of whether the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Bank may have had notice or knowledge of such Default at the time. (b) Subject to Section 2.09(g), Section 2.14(c), (d) and (e) and Section 9.02(e) below, neither this Agreement nor any other Loan Document nor any provision hereof or thereof may be waived, amended or modified except (i) in the case of this Agreement, pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Borrowers and the Required Lenders or (ii) in the case of any other Loan Document, pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Administrative Agent and the Loan Party or Loan Parties that are parties thereto, with the consent of the Required Lenders; provided that no such agreement shall (A) increase the Commitment of any Lender without the written consent of such


 
106 746154515.7 Lender (including any such Lender that is a Defaulting Lender), (B) reduce or forgive the principal amount of any Loan or LC Disbursement or reduce the rate of interest thereon, or reduce or forgive any interest or fees payable hereunder, without the written consent of each Lender (including any such Lender that is a Defaulting Lender) directly affected thereby (except that any amendment or modification of the financial covenants in this Agreement (or defined terms used in the financial covenants in this Agreement) shall not constitute a reduction in the rate of interest or fees for purposes of this clause (B)), (C) postpone any scheduled date of payment of the principal amount of any Loan or LC Disbursement, or any date for the payment of any interest, fees or other Obligations payable hereunder, or reduce the amount of, waive or excuse any such payment, or postpone the scheduled date of expiration of any Commitment, without the written consent of each Lender (including any such Lender that is a Defaulting Lender) directly affected thereby, (D) change Section 2.09(e), Section 2.09(d), or Section 2.18(b) or (d) in a manner that would alter the ratable reduction of Commitments or the manner in which payments are shared, without the written consent of each Lender (other than any Defaulting Lender), (E) change any of the provisions of this Section or the definition of “Required Lenders” or any other provision of any Loan Document specifying the number or percentage of Lenders (or Lenders of any Class) required to waive, amend or modify any rights thereunder or make any determination or grant any consent thereunder, without the written consent of each Lender (other than any Defaulting Lender) directly affected thereby, (F) change Section 2.20, without the consent of each Lender (other than any Defaulting Lender), (G) release any Guarantor from its obligation under its Loan Guaranty (except as otherwise permitted herein or in the other Loan Documents, including the Disposition of all or substantially all of the Equity Interests of any Subsidiary Guarantor in a transaction permitted hereunder) without the written consent of each Lender (other than any Defaulting Lender), (H) except as provided in clause (c) of this Section or in any Collateral Document, release all or substantially all of the Collateral without the written consent of each Lender (other than any Defaulting Lender), or (I) subordinate the Obligations, or the Liens granted under the Loan Documents, to any other Indebtedness or Lien (including, without limitation, any other Indebtedness or Lien issued under this Agreement or any other agreement), except as expressly permitted under Section 8.07(c), without the written consent of each Lender; provided, further, that no such agreement shall amend, modify or otherwise affect the rights or duties of the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Bank hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be (it being understood that any amendment to Section 2.20 shall require the consent of the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Bank); provided, further, that no such agreement shall amend or modify the provisions of Section 2.06 without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Banks. The Administrative Agent may also amend the Commitment Schedule to reflect assignments entered into pursuant to Section 9.04. Any amendment, waiver or other modification of this Agreement or any other Loan Document that by its terms affects the rights or duties under this Agreement of the Lenders of one or more Classes (but not the Lenders of any other Class), may be effected by an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Borrowers and the requisite number or percentage in interest of each affected Class of Lenders that would be required to consent thereto under this Section if such Class of Lenders were the only Class of Lenders hereunder at the time. (c) The Lenders and the Issuing Bank hereby irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at its option and in its sole discretion, to release any Liens granted to the Administrative Agent by the Loan Parties on any Collateral (i) upon the Payment in Full of all Secured Obligations, and the cash collateralization of all Unliquidated Obligations in a manner satisfactory to each affected Lender, (ii) constituting property being sold or disposed of if the Loan Party disposing of such property certifies to the Administrative Agent that the sale or disposition is made in compliance with the terms of this Agreement (and the Administrative Agent may rely conclusively on any such certificate, without further inquiry), and to the extent that the property being sold or disposed of constitutes 100% of the Equity Interests of a Subsidiary, the Administrative Agent is authorized to release any Loan Guaranty provided by such Subsidiary; provided that a certificate shall not be required for dispositions permitted pursuant to Sections 6.05(a), (c), (f), (g), (l) and (m), (iii) constituting property leased to a Loan Party under a lease which has


 
107 746154515.7 expired or been terminated in a transaction permitted under this Agreement, or (iv) as required to effect any sale or other disposition of such Collateral in connection with any exercise of remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant to Article VII. Any representation, warranty or covenant contained in any Loan Document relating to any such released Collateral shall no longer be deemed to be made once such Collateral is so released. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, the Administrative Agent will not release any Liens on Collateral without the prior written authorization of the Required Lenders; provided that the Administrative Agent may, in its discretion, release its Liens on Collateral valued in the aggregate not in excess of $5,000,000 during any calendar year without the prior written authorization of the Required Lenders (it being agreed that the Administrative Agent may rely conclusively on one or more certificates of the Borrower Representative as to the value of any Collateral to be so released, without further inquiry). Any such release shall not in any manner discharge, affect, or impair the Obligations or any Liens (other than those expressly being released) upon (or obligations of the Loan Parties in respect of) all interests retained by the Loan Parties, including the proceeds of any sale, all of which shall continue to constitute part of the Collateral. Any execution and delivery by the Administrative Agent of documents in connection with any such release shall be without recourse to or warranty by the Administrative Agent. (d) If, in connection with any proposed amendment, waiver or consent requiring the consent of “each Lender” or “each Lender affected thereby,” the consent of the Required Lenders is obtained, but the consent of other necessary Lenders is not obtained (any such Lender whose consent is necessary but has not been obtained being referred to herein as a “Non-Consenting Lender”), then the Borrowers may elect to replace a Non-Consenting Lender as a Lender party to this Agreement, provided that, concurrently with such replacement, (i) another bank or other entity which is reasonably satisfactory to the Borrowers, the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Bank shall agree, as of such date, to purchase for cash the Loans and other Obligations due to the Non-Consenting Lender pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption and to become a Lender for all purposes under this Agreement and to assume all obligations of the Non- Consenting Lender to be terminated as of such date and to comply with the requirements of clause (b) of Section 9.04, and (ii) the Borrowers shall pay to such Non-Consenting Lender in same day funds on the day of such replacement (1) all interest, fees and other amounts then accrued but unpaid to such Non- Consenting Lender by the Borrowers hereunder to and including the date of termination, including without limitation payments due to such Non-Consenting Lender under Sections 2.15 and 2.17, and (2) an amount, if any, equal to the payment which would have been due to such Lender on the day of such replacement under Section 2.16 had the Loans of such Non-Consenting Lender been prepaid on such date rather than sold to the replacement Lender. Each party hereto agrees that (x) an assignment required pursuant to this paragraph may be effected pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption executed by the Borrower Representative, the Administrative Agent and the assignee (or, to the extent applicable, an agreement incorporating an Assignment and Assumption by reference pursuant to an Approved Electronic Platform as to which the Administrative Agent and such parties are participants), and (y) the Lender required to make such assignment need not be a party thereto in order for such assignment to be effective and shall be deemed to have consented to and be bound by the terms thereof; provided that, following the effectiveness of any such assignment, the other parties to such assignment agree to execute and deliver such documents necessary to evidence such assignment as reasonably requested by the applicable Lender, provided that any such documents shall be without recourse to or warranty by the parties thereto. (e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein the Administrative Agent may, with the consent of the Borrower Representative only, amend, modify or supplement this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents to cure any ambiguity, omission, mistake, defect or inconsistency. SECTION 9.03 Expenses; Limitation of Liability; Indemnity; Etc. (a) Expenses. The Loan Parties, jointly and severally, shall pay all (i) reasonable and documented out of pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates, including the


 
108 746154515.7 reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of counsel for the Administrative Agent, in connection with the syndication and distribution (including, without limitation, via the internet or through an Electronic System or Approved Electronic Platform) of the credit facilities provided for herein, the preparation and administration of the Loan Documents and any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions of the Loan Documents (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), (ii) reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Issuing Bank in connection with the issuance, amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit or any demand for payment thereunder and (iii) documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender, including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender, in connection with the enforcement, collection or protection of its rights in connection with the Loan Documents, including its rights under this Section, or in connection with the Loans made or Letters of Credit issued hereunder, including all such documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans or Letters of Credit; provided that the Loan Parties shall only be liable for expenses of one firm of primary counsel and one firm in each applicable jurisdiction for the Administrative Agent, all Issuing Banks and all Lenders, taken as a whole, and, in the case of an actual or potential conflict of interest, one additional counsel in each applicable jurisdiction for the Administrative Agent, affected Issuing Banks and affected Lenders similarly situated, taken as a whole. Expenses being reimbursed by the Loan Parties under this Section include, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with: (A) appraisals and insurance reviews; (B) field examinations and the preparation of Reports based on the fees charged by a third party retained by the Administrative Agent or the internally allocated fees for each Person employed by the Administrative Agent with respect to each field examination; (C) background checks regarding senior management and/or key investors, as deemed necessary or appropriate in the sole discretion of the Administrative Agent; (D) Taxes, fees and other charges for (i) lien and title searches and title insurance, (ii) recording any mortgages and deeds of trust and (iii) filing financing statements and continuations, and other actions to perfect, protect, and continue the Administrative Agent’s Liens; (E) sums paid or incurred to take any action required of any Loan Party under the Loan Documents that such Loan Party fails to pay or take; and (F) forwarding loan proceeds, collecting checks and other items of payment, and establishing and maintaining the accounts and lock boxes, and costs and expenses of preserving and protecting the Collateral. All of the foregoing fees, costs and expenses may be charged to the Borrowers as Revolving Loans or to another deposit account, all as described in Section 2.18(c). (b) Limitation of Liability. To the extent permitted by applicable law (i) neither any Borrower nor any other Loan Party shall assert, and each Borrower and each Loan Party hereby waives, any claim against the Administrative Agent, any Arranger, any Issuing Bank and any Lender, and any Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called a “Lender-Related Person”) for any Liabilities arising from the use by others of information or other materials (including, without limitation, any personal data) obtained through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems (including the Internet), and (ii) no party hereto shall assert, and each such party hereby waives,


 
109 746154515.7 any Liabilities against any other party hereto, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document, or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the Transactions, any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds thereof; provided that, nothing in this Section 9.03(b) shall relieve any Borrower or any other Loan Party of any obligation it may have to indemnify an Indemnitee, as provided in Section 9.03(c), against any special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages asserted against such Indemnitee by a third party. (c) Indemnity. The Loan Parties, jointly and severally, shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, each Arranger, each Issuing Bank and each Lender, and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called an “Indemnitee”) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all Liabilities and related expenses, including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee, incurred by or asserted against any Indemnitee arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of the Loan Documents or any agreement or instrument contemplated thereby, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations thereunder or the consummation of the Transactions or any other transactions contemplated hereby, (ii) any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds therefrom (including any refusal by an Issuing Bank to honor a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit if the documents presented in connection with such demand do not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit), (iii) any actual or alleged presence or Release of Hazardous Materials on or from any property owned or operated by a Loan Party or a Subsidiary, or any Environmental Liability related in any way to a Loan Party or a Subsidiary, (iv) the failure of a Loan Party to deliver to the Administrative Agent the required receipts or other required documentary evidence with respect to a payment made by such Loan Party for Taxes pursuant to Section 2.17, (v) any action taken in connection with this Agreement, including, but not limited to, the payment of principal, interest and fees or (vi) any actual or prospective Proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether or not such Proceeding is brought by any Loan Party or their respective equity holders, Affiliates, creditors or any other third Person and whether based on contract, tort or any other theory and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that (i) the Loan Parties shall only be liable for expenses of one firm of primary counsel and one firm in each applicable jurisdiction for the Administrative Agent, all Arrangers, all Issuing Banks and all Lenders, taken as a whole, and, in the case of an actual or potential conflict of interest, one additional counsel in each applicable jurisdiction for the Administrative Agent, affected Arrangers, affected Issuing Banks and affected Lenders similarly situated, taken as a whole, and (ii) such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such Liabilities or related expenses are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and non-appealable judgment to have resulted primarily from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee (or any of its Related Parties). This Section 9.03(b) shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent losses or damages arising from any non-Tax claim. (d) Lender Reimbursement. Each Lender severally agrees to pay any amount required to be paid by any Loan Party under paragraphs (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 9.03 to the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender and each Issuing Bank, and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each, an “Agent-Related Person”) (to the extent not reimbursed by the Loan Parties and without limiting the obligation of any Loan Party to do so), ratably according to their respective Applicable Percentage in effect on the date on which such payment is sought under this Section (or, if such payment is sought after the date upon which the Commitments shall have terminated and the Loans shall have been paid in full, ratably in accordance with such Applicable Percentage immediately prior to such date), from and against any and all Liabilities and related expenses, including the fees, charges and disbursements of any kind whatsoever that may at any time (whether before or after the payment of the Loans) be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against such Agent-Related Person in any way relating to or arising out of the Commitments, this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any documents contemplated by or referred to herein or therein or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby or any action taken or omitted by such Agent-


 
110 746154515.7 Related Person under or in connection with any of the foregoing; provided that the unreimbursed expense or Liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against such Agent-Related Person in its capacity as such; provided, further, that no Lender shall be liable for the payment of any portion of such Liabilities, costs, expenses or disbursements that are found by a final and non-appealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted primarily from such Agent-Related Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. The agreements in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the Payment in Full of the Secured Obligations. (e) Payments. All amounts due under this Section 9.03 shall be payable promptly after written demand therefor. SECTION 9.04 Successors and Assigns. (a) The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby (including any Affiliate of the Issuing Bank that issues any Letter of Credit), except that (i) no Borrower may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Lender (and any attempted assignment or transfer by a Borrower without such consent shall be null and void) and (ii) no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer its rights or obligations hereunder except in accordance with this Section. Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby (including any Affiliate of the Issuing Bank that issues any Letter of Credit), Participants (to the extent provided in paragraph (c) of this Section) and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement. (b) (i) Subject to the conditions set forth in paragraph (b)(ii) below, any Lender may assign to one or more Persons (other than an Ineligible Institution) all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment, participations in Letters of Credit and the Loans at the time owing to it) with the prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld) of: (A) the Borrower Representative, provided that (x) the Borrower Representative shall be deemed to have consented to an assignment of all or a portion of the Term Loans unless it shall object thereto by written notice to the Administrative Agent within five (5) Business Days after having received notice thereof and (y) the Borrower Representative shall be deemed to have consented to an assignment of all or a portion of the Revolving Loans, Revolving Commitments and Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment unless it shall object thereto by written notice to the Administrative Agent within ten (10) Business Days after having received notice thereof, and provided, further, that no consent of the Borrower Representative shall be required for an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender, an Approved Fund or, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, any other assignee; (B) the Administrative Agent, provided that no consent of the Administrative Agent shall be required for an assignment of (x) all or any portion of a Term Loan to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, (y) all or any portion of the Revolving Loans and the Revolving Commitments to a Revolving Lender, an Affiliate of a Revolving Lender or an Approved Fund of a Revolving Lender or (z) all or any portion of the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitments to a Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender, an Affiliate of a Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender or an Approved Fund of a Delayed Draw Term Loan Lender;


 
111 746154515.7 (C) the Issuing Bank, provided that no consent of the Issuing Bank shall be required for an assignment of all or any portion of a Term Loan; and (D) the Swingline Lender, provided that no consent of the Swingline Lender shall be required for an assignment of all or any portion of a Term Loan. (ii) Assignments shall be subject to the following additional conditions: (A) except in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender, or an Approved Fund, or an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Commitment or Loans of any Class, the amount of the Commitment or Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment (determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent) shall not be less than $5,000,000 or, in the case of a Term Loan, $1,000,000 unless each of the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent otherwise consent (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), provided that no such consent of the Borrower Representative shall be required if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; (B) each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement; provided that this clause shall not be construed to prohibit the assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations in respect of one Class of Commitments or Loans; (C) the parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent (x) an Assignment and Assumption or (y) to the extent applicable, an agreement incorporating an Assignment and Assumption by reference pursuant to an Approved Electronic Platform as to which the Administrative Agent and the parties to the Assignment and Assumption are participants, together with a processing and recordation fee of $3,500; and (D) the assignee, if it shall not be a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an Administrative Questionnaire in which the assignee designates one or more credit contacts to whom all syndicate-level information (which may contain material non-public information about the Company, the other Loan Parties and their Related Parties or their respective securities) will be made available and who may receive such information in accordance with the assignee’s compliance procedures and applicable laws, including federal and state securities laws. For the purposes of this Section 9.04(b), the terms “Approved Fund” and “Ineligible Institution” have the following meanings: “Approved Fund” means any Person (other than a natural person) that is engaged in making, purchasing, holding or investing in bank loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its business and that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender. “Ineligible Institution” means a (a) natural person, (b) a Defaulting Lender or its Lender Parent, (c) holding company, investment vehicle or trust for, or owned and operated for the primary benefit of, a natural person or relative(s) thereof; provided that, with respect to clause (c), such holding company, investment vehicle or trust shall not constitute an Ineligible Institution if it (x) has not been established for the primary purpose of acquiring any Loans or Commitments, (y) is managed by a professional advisor, who is not such


 
112 746154515.7 natural person or a relative thereof, having significant experience in the business of making or purchasing commercial loans, and (z) has assets greater than $25,000,000 and a significant part of its activities consist of making or purchasing commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its business; provided that upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, any such holding company, investment vehicle or trust (other than a Lender) shall be an Ineligible Institution if after giving effect to any proposed assignment to such Person, such Person would hold more than 25% of the then outstanding Aggregate Credit Exposure or Commitments, as the case may be or (d) a Loan Party or a Subsidiary or other Affiliate of a Loan Party. (iii) Subject to acceptance and recording thereof pursuant to paragraph (b)(iv) of this Section, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party hereto and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.15, 2.16, 2.17 and 9.03). Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this Section 9.04 shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with paragraph (c) of this Section. (iv) The Administrative Agent, acting for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrowers, shall maintain at one of its offices a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitment of, and principal amount of the Loans and LC Disbursements owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, and the Borrowers, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrowers, the Issuing Bank and any Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice. (v) Upon its receipt of (x) a duly completed Assignment and Assumption executed by an assigning Lender and an assignee or (y) to the extent applicable, an agreement incorporating an Assignment and Assumption by reference pursuant to an Approved Electronic Platform as to which the Administrative Agent and the parties to the Assignment and Assumption are participants, the assignee’s completed Administrative Questionnaire (unless the assignee shall already be a Lender hereunder), the processing and recordation fee referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section and any written consent to such assignment required by paragraph (b) of this Section, the Administrative Agent shall accept such Assignment and Assumption and record the information contained therein in the Register; provided that if either the assigning Lender or the assignee shall have failed to make any payment required to be made by it pursuant to Section 2.05, 2.06(d) or (e), 2.07(b), 2.18(d) or 9.03(d), the Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to accept such Assignment and Assumption and record the information therein in the Register unless and until such payment shall have been made in full, together with all accrued interest thereon. No assignment shall be effective for purposes of this Agreement unless it has been recorded in the Register as provided in this paragraph.


 
113 746154515.7 (c) Any Lender may, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrowers, the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Bank, sell participations to one or more banks or other entities (a “Participant”) other than an Ineligible Institution in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and/or the Loans owing to it); provided that (i) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged; (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations; and (iii) the Borrowers, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the other Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and/or obligations under this Agreement. Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver described in the first proviso to Section 9.02(b) that affects such Participant. The Borrowers agree that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.15, 2.16 and 2.17 (subject to the requirements and limitations therein, including the requirements under Sections 2.17(f) and (g) (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 2.17(f) shall be delivered to the participating Lender and the information and documentation required under Section 2.17(g) will be delivered to the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent)) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section; provided that such Participant (A) agrees to be subject to the provisions of Sections 2.18 and 2.19 as if it were an assignee under paragraph (b) of this Section; and (B) shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Sections 2.15 or 2.17 with respect to any participation than its participating Lender would have been entitled to receive, except to the extent such entitlement to receive a greater payment results from a Change in Law that occurs after the Participant acquired the applicable participation. Each Lender that sells a participation agrees, at the Borrowers’ request and expense, to use reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Borrowers to effectuate the provisions of Section 2.19(b) with respect to any Participant. To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 9.08 as though it were a Lender, provided such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 2.18(d) as though it were a Lender. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrowers, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participant’s interest in the Loans or other obligations under this Agreement or any other Loan Document (the “Participant Register”); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant’s interest in any Commitments, Loans, Letters of Credit or its other obligations under this Agreement or any other Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such Commitment, Loan, Letter of Credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations. The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register. (d) Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including without limitation any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank, and this Section shall not apply to any such pledge or assignment of a security interest; provided that no such pledge or assignment of a security interest shall release a Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.


 
114 746154515.7 SECTION 9.05 Survival. All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made by the Loan Parties in the Loan Documents and in the certificates or other instruments delivered in connection with or pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall be considered to have been relied upon by the other parties hereto and shall survive the execution and delivery of the Loan Documents and the making of any Loans and issuance of any Letters of Credit, regardless of any investigation made by any such other party or on its behalf and notwithstanding that the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender may have had notice or knowledge of any Default or incorrect representation or warranty at the time any credit is extended hereunder, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as the principal of or any accrued interest on any Loan or any fee or any other amount payable under this Agreement is outstanding and unpaid or any Letter of Credit is outstanding and so long as the Commitments have not expired or terminated. The provisions of Sections 2.15, 2.16, 2.17 and 9.03 and Article VIII shall survive and remain in full force and effect regardless of the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the repayment of the Loans, the expiration or termination of the Letters of Credit and the Commitments or the termination of this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any provision hereof or thereof. SECTION 9.06 Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness; Electronic Execution. (a) This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Agreement, the other Loan Documents and any separate letter agreements with respect to (i) fees payable to the Administrative Agent and (ii) increases or reductions of the Issuing Bank Sublimit of the Issuing Bank constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. Except as provided in Section 4.01, this Agreement shall become effective when it shall have been executed by the Administrative Agent and when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof which, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto, and thereafter shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. (b) Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of (x) this Agreement, (y) any other Loan Document and/or (z) any document, amendment, approval, consent, information, notice (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any notice delivered pursuant to Section 9.01), certificate, request, statement, disclosure or authorization related to this Agreement, any other Loan Document and/or the transactions contemplated hereby and/or thereby (each, an “Ancillary Document”) that is an Electronic Signature transmitted by telecopy, emailed pdf. or any other electronic means that reproduces an image of an actual executed signature page shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement, such other Loan Document or such Ancillary Document, as applicable. The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature,” “delivery,” and words of like import in or relating to this Agreement, any other Loan Document and/or any Ancillary Document shall be deemed to include Electronic Signatures, deliveries or the keeping of records in any electronic form (including deliveries by telecopy, emailed pdf. or any other electronic means that reproduces an image of an actual executed signature page), each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature, physical delivery thereof or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be; provided that nothing herein shall require the Administrative Agent to accept Electronic Signatures in any form or format without its prior written consent and pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided, further, without limiting the foregoing, (i) to the extent the Administrative Agent has agreed to accept any Electronic Signature, the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders shall be entitled to rely on such Electronic Signature purportedly given by or on behalf of any Borrower or any other Loan Party without further verification thereof and without any obligation to review the appearance or form of any such Electronic Signature and (ii) upon the request of the Administrative Agent or any Lender, any Electronic Signature shall be promptly followed by a manually executed counterpart. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Borrower and each Loan Party


 
115 746154515.7 hereby (A) agrees that, for all purposes, including, without limitation, in connection with any workout, restructuring, enforcement of remedies, bankruptcy proceedings or litigation among the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Borrowers and the Loan Parties, Electronic Signatures transmitted by telecopy, emailed pdf. or any other electronic means that reproduces an image of an actual executed signature page and/or any electronic images of this Agreement, any other Loan Document and/or any Ancillary Document shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as any paper original, (B) the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders may, at its option, create one or more copies of this Agreement, any other Loan Document and/or any Ancillary Document in the form of an imaged electronic record in any format, which shall be deemed created in the ordinary course of such Person’s business, and destroy the original paper document (and all such electronic records shall be considered an original for all purposes and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record), (C) waives any argument, defense or right to contest the legal effect, validity or enforceability of this Agreement, any other Loan Document and/or any Ancillary Document based solely on the lack of paper original copies of this Agreement, such other Loan Document and/or such Ancillary Document, respectively, including with respect to any signature pages thereto, and (D) waives any claim against any Lender-Related Person for any Liabilities arising solely from the Administrative Agent’s and/or any Lender’s reliance on or use of Electronic Signatures and/or transmissions by telecopy, emailed pdf. or any other electronic means that reproduces an image of an actual executed signature page, including any Liabilities arising as a result of the failure of any Borrower and/or any Loan Party to use any available security measures in connection with the execution, delivery or transmission of any Electronic Signature. SECTION 9.07 Severability. Any provision of any Loan Document held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability without affecting the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions thereof; and the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate such provision in any other jurisdiction. SECTION 9.08 Right of Setoff. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Lender, each Issuing Bank, and each of their respective Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final) at any time held, and other obligations at any time owing, by such Lender, such Issuing Bank or any such Affiliate, to or for the credit or the account of any Loan Party against any and all of the Secured Obligations owing to such Lender or such Issuing Bank or their respective Affiliates, irrespective of whether or not such Lender, Issuing Bank or Affiliate shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Loan Document and although such obligations of the Loan Parties may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch office or Affiliate of such Lender or such Issuing Bank different from the branch office or Affiliate holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness; provided that in the event that any Defaulting Lender shall exercise any such right of setoff, (x) all amounts so set off shall be paid over immediately to the Administrative Agent for further application in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.20 and, pending such payment, shall be segregated by such Defaulting Lender from its other funds and deemed held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Banks, and the Lenders, and (y) the Defaulting Lender shall provide promptly to the Administrative Agent a statement describing in reasonable detail the Secured Obligations owing to such Defaulting Lender as to which it exercised such right of setoff. The applicable Lender, Issuing Bank or Affiliate shall notify the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent of such setoff or application; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff or application under this Section. The rights of each Lender, each Issuing Bank and their respective Affiliates under this Section are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender, such Issuing Bank or their respective Affiliates may have.


 
116 746154515.7 SECTION 9.09 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process. (a) The Loan Documents (other than those containing a contrary express choice of law provision) shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York, but giving effect to federal laws applicable to national banks. (b) Each of the Lenders and the Administrative Agent hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that, notwithstanding the governing law provisions of any applicable Loan Document, any claims brought against the Administrative Agent by any Secured Party relating to this Agreement, any other Loan Document, the Collateral or the consummation or administration of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the law of the State of New York. (c) Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any U.S. federal or New York state court sitting in the Borough of Manhattan, New York, New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to any Loan Documents, the transactions relating hereto or thereto, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may (and any such claims, cross-claims or third party claims brought against the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties may only) be heard and determined in such state court or, to the extent permitted by law, in such federal court. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall affect any right that the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document against any Loan Party or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction. (d) Each Loan Party hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document in any court referred to in paragraph (c) of this Section. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court. (e) Each party to this Agreement irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 9.01. Nothing in this Agreement or any other Loan Document will affect the right of any party to this Agreement to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. SECTION 9.10 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE OR OTHER AGENT (INCLUDING ANY ATTORNEY) OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.


 
117 746154515.7 SECTION 9.11 Headings. Article and Section headings and the Table of Contents used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and shall not affect the construction of, or be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement. SECTION 9.12 Confidentiality. Each of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (a) to its and its Affiliates’ directors, officers, employees and agents, including accountants, legal counsel and other advisors (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential), (b) to the extent required to be disclosed by any Governmental Authority (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners) and such discloser uses its commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that any such information so disclosed is accorded confidential treatment, (c) to the extent required by any Requirement of Law or by any subpoena or similar legal process, (d) to any other party to this Agreement, (e) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or under any other Loan Document or any suit, action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder and such discloser uses its commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that any such information so disclosed is accorded confidential treatment, (f) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section, to (x) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement or (y) any actual or prospective counterparty (or its advisors) to any swap or derivative transaction relating to the Loan Parties and their obligations, (g) with the consent of the Borrower Representative, (h) to holders of Equity Interests in any Borrower, (i) to any Person providing a Guarantee of all or any portion of the Secured Obligations, (j) on a confidential basis to (1) any rating agency in connection with rating any Loan Party or its Subsidiaries or the credit facilities provided for herein or (2) the CUSIP Service Bureau or any similar agency in connection with the issuance and monitoring of identification numbers with respect to the credit facilities provided for herein or (k) to the extent such Information (x) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (y) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender on a non-confidential basis from a source other than the Borrowers not known to the recipient to be bound by confidentiality obligations to the Borrowers. For the purposes of this Section, “Information” means all information received from the Borrowers relating to the Borrowers or their business, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender on a non-confidential basis prior to disclosure by the Borrowers and other than information pertaining to this Agreement provided by any Arrangers to data service providers, including league table providers, that serve the lending industry; provided that, in the case of information received from the Borrowers after the date hereof, such information is clearly identified at the time of delivery as confidential. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information. EACH LENDER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT INFORMATION AS DEFINED IN SECTION 9.12 FURNISHED TO IT PURSUANT TO THIS AGREEMENT MAY INCLUDE MATERIAL NON- PUBLIC INFORMATION CONCERNING THE BORROWERS, THE OTHER LOAN PARTIES AND THEIR RELATED PARTIES OR THEIR RESPECTIVE SECURITIES, AND CONFIRMS THAT IT HAS DEVELOPED COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES REGARDING THE USE OF MATERIAL NON- PUBLIC INFORMATION AND THAT IT WILL HANDLE SUCH MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THOSE PROCEDURES AND APPLICABLE LAW, INCLUDING FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS. ALL INFORMATION, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR WAIVERS AND AMENDMENTS, FURNISHED BY ANY BORROWER OR THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT PURSUANT TO, OR IN


 
118 746154515.7 THE COURSE OF ADMINISTERING, THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE SYNDICATE-LEVEL INFORMATION, WHICH MAY CONTAIN MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE BORROWERS, THE LOAN PARTIES AND THEIR RELATED PARTIES OR THEIR RESPECTIVE SECURITIES. ACCORDINGLY, EACH LENDER REPRESENTS TO THE BORROWERS AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT THAT IT HAS IDENTIFIED IN ITS ADMINISTRATIVE QUESTIONNAIRE A CREDIT CONTACT WHO MAY RECEIVE INFORMATION THAT MAY CONTAIN MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES AND APPLICABLE LAW, INCLUDING FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS. SECTION 9.13 Several Obligations; Nonreliance; Violation of Law. The respective obligations of the Lenders hereunder are several and not joint and the failure of any Lender to make any Loan or perform any of its obligations hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender from any of its obligations hereunder. Each Lender hereby represents that it is not relying on or looking to any margin stock (as defined in Regulation U of the Federal Reserve Board) for the repayment of the Borrowings provided for herein. Anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, neither the Issuing Bank nor any Lender shall be obligated to extend credit to the Borrowers in violation of any Requirement of Law. SECTION 9.14 USA PATRIOT Act. Each Lender that is subject to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act hereby notifies each Loan Party that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act, it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies such Loan Party, which information includes the name and address of such Loan Party and other information that will allow such Lender to identify such Loan Party in accordance with the USA PATRIOT Act. SECTION 9.15 Disclosure. Each Loan Party, each Lender and the Issuing Bank hereby acknowledges and agrees that the Administrative Agent and/or its Affiliates from time to time may hold investments in, make other loans to or have other relationships with, any of the Loan Parties and their respective Affiliates. SECTION 9.16 Appointment for Perfection. Each Lender hereby appoints each other Lender as its agent for the purpose of perfecting Liens, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, in assets which, in accordance with Article 9 of the UCC or any other applicable law, can be perfected only by possession or control. Should any Lender (other than the Administrative Agent) obtain possession or control of any such Collateral, such Lender shall notify the Administrative Agent thereof, and, promptly upon the Administrative Agent’s request therefor, shall deliver such Collateral to the Administrative Agent or otherwise deal with such Collateral in accordance with the Administrative Agent’s instructions. SECTION 9.17 Interest Rate Limitation. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time the interest rate applicable to any Loan, together with all fees, charges and other amounts which are treated as interest on such Loan under applicable law (collectively the “Charges”), shall exceed the maximum lawful rate (the “Maximum Rate”) which may be contracted for, charged, taken, received or reserved by the Lender holding such Loan in accordance with applicable law, the rate of interest payable in respect of such Loan hereunder, together with all Charges payable in respect thereof, shall be limited to the Maximum Rate and, to the extent lawful, the interest and Charges that would have been payable in respect of such Loan but were not payable as a result of the operation of this Section shall be cumulated and the interest and Charges payable to such Lender in respect of other Loans or periods shall be increased (but not above the Maximum Rate therefor) until such cumulated amount, together with interest thereon at the NYFRB Rate to the date of repayment, shall have been received by such Lender.


 
119 746154515.7 SECTION 9.18 No Fiduciary Duty, etc. (a) Each Borrower acknowledges and agrees, and acknowledges its Subsidiaries’ understanding, that no Credit Party will have any obligations except those obligations expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents and each Credit Party is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length contractual counterparty to the Borrowers with respect to the Loan Documents and the transactions contemplated herein and therein and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, any Borrower or any other person. Each Borrower agrees that it will not assert any claim against any Credit Party based on an alleged breach of fiduciary duty by such Credit Party in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. Additionally, each Borrower acknowledges and agrees that no Credit Party is advising any Borrower as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting, regulatory or any other matters in any jurisdiction. The Borrowers shall consult with their own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated herein or in the other Loan Documents, and the Credit Parties shall have no responsibility or liability to any Borrower with respect thereto. (b) Each Borrower further acknowledges and agrees, and acknowledges its Subsidiaries’ understanding, that each Credit Party, together with its Affiliates, is a full service securities or banking firm engaged in securities trading and brokerage activities as well as providing investment banking and other financial services. In the ordinary course of business, any Credit Party may provide investment banking and other financial services to, and/or acquire, hold or sell, for its own accounts and the accounts of customers, equity, debt and other securities and financial instruments (including bank loans and other obligations) of, the Borrowers and other companies with which the Borrowers may have commercial or other relationships. With respect to any securities and/or financial instruments so held by any Credit Party or any of its customers, all rights in respect of such securities and financial instruments, including any voting rights, will be exercised by the holder of the rights, in its sole discretion. (c) In addition, each Borrower acknowledges and agrees, and acknowledges its Subsidiaries’ understanding, that each Credit Party and its affiliates may be providing debt financing, equity capital or other services (including financial advisory services) to other companies in respect of which the Borrowers may have conflicting interests regarding the transactions described herein and otherwise. No Credit Party will use confidential information obtained from any Borrower by virtue of the transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents or its other relationships with the Borrowers in connection with the performance by such Credit Party of services for other companies, and no Credit Party will furnish any such information to other companies. Each Borrower also acknowledges that no Credit Party has any obligation to use in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents, or to furnish to any Borrower, confidential information obtained from other companies. SECTION 9.19 Marketing Consent. The Borrowers hereby authorize Chase and its affiliates (collectively, the “Chase Parties”), at their respective sole expense, and without any prior approval by the Borrowers, to include the Borrowers’ name and logo in advertising, marketing, tombstones, case studies and training materials, and to give such other publicity to the existence of this Agreement as Chase Parties may from time to time determine in their sole discretion in compliance with their confidentiality obligations hereunder. The foregoing authorization shall remain in effect unless the Borrower Representative notifies Chase in writing that such authorization is revoked. SECTION 9.20 Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Loan Document or in any other agreement, arrangement or understanding among any such parties, each party hereto acknowledges that any liability of any Affected Financial Institution arising under any Loan Document may be subject to the Write-Down and Conversion


 
120 746154515.7 Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority and agrees and consents to, and acknowledges and agrees to be bound by: (a) the application of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority to any such liabilities arising hereunder which may be payable to it by any party hereto that is an Affected Financial Institution; and (b) the effects of any Bail-In Action on any such liability, including, if applicable: (i) a reduction in full or in part or cancellation of any such liability; (ii) a conversion of all, or a portion of, such liability into shares or other instruments of ownership in such Affected Financial Institution, its parent entity, or a bridge institution that may be issued to it or otherwise conferred on it, and that such shares or other instruments of ownership will be accepted by it in lieu of any rights with respect to any such liability under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; or (iii) the variation of the terms of such liability in connection with the exercise of the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority. SECTION 9.21 Acknowledgement Regarding Any Supported QFCs. (a) To the extent that the Loan Documents provide support, through a guarantee or otherwise, for Swap Agreements or any other agreement or instrument that is a QFC (such support, “QFC Credit Support” and each such QFC, a “Supported QFC”), the parties acknowledge and agree as follows with respect to the resolution power of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (together with the regulations promulgated thereunder, the “U.S. Special Resolution Regimes”) in respect of such Supported QFC and QFC Credit Support (with the provisions below applicable notwithstanding that the Loan Documents and any Supported QFC may in fact be stated to be governed by the laws of the State of New York and/or of the United States or any other state of the United States): (b) In the event a Covered Entity that is party to a Supported QFC (each, a “Covered Party”) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer of such Supported QFC and the benefit of such QFC Credit Support (and any interest and obligation in or under such Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support, and any rights in property securing such Supported QFC or such QFC Credit Support) from such Covered Party will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support (and any such interest, obligation and rights in property) were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. In the event a Covered Party or a BHC Act Affiliate of a Covered Party becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under the Loan Documents that might otherwise apply to such Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support that may be exercised against such Covered Party are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and the Loan Documents were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. Without limitation of the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that rights and remedies of the parties with respect to a Defaulting Lender shall in no event affect the rights of any Covered Party with respect to a Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support. SECTION 9.22 Joint and Several. Each Borrower hereby unconditionally and irrevocably agrees it is jointly and severally liable to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Banks and the Lenders for the


 
121 746154515.7 Secured Obligations. In furtherance thereof, each Borrower agrees that wherever in this Agreement it is provided that a Borrower is liable for a payment, such obligation is the joint and several obligation of each Borrower. Each Borrower acknowledges and agrees that its joint and several liability under this Agreement and the Loan Documents is absolute and unconditional and shall not in any manner be affected or impaired by any acts or omissions whatsoever by the Administrative Agent, any Issuing Bank, any Lender or any other Person. Each Borrower's liability for the Secured Obligations shall not in any manner be impaired or affected by who receives or uses the proceeds of the credit extended hereunder or for what purposes such proceeds are used, and each Borrower waives notice of borrowing requests issued by, and loans or other extensions of credit made to, other Borrowers. Each Borrower hereby agrees not to exercise or enforce any right of exoneration, contribution, reimbursement, recourse or subrogation available to such Borrower against any party liable for payment under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents unless and until the Administrative Agent, each Issuing Bank and each Lender has been paid in full and all of the Secured Obligations are satisfied and discharged following termination or expiration of all commitments of the Lenders to extend credit to the Borrowers. Each Borrower’s joint and several liability hereunder with respect to the Secured Obligations shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the unconditional liability of such Borrower irrespective of (i) the validity, enforceability, avoidance or subordination of any of the Secured Obligations or of any other document evidencing all or any part of the Secured Obligations, (ii) the absence of any attempt to collect any of the Secured Obligations from any other Loan Party or any Collateral or other security therefor, or the absence of any other action to enforce the same, (iii) the amendment, modification, waiver, consent, extension, forbearance or granting of any indulgence by the Administrative Agent or any Lender with respect to any provision of any instrument executed by any other Loan Party evidencing or securing the payment of any of the Secured Obligations, or any other agreement now or hereafter executed by any other Loan Party and delivered to the Administrative Agent, (iv) the failure by the Administrative Agent or any Lender to take any steps to perfect or maintain the perfected status of its Lien upon, or to preserve its rights to, any of the Collateral or other security for the payment or performance of any of the Secured Obligations or the Administrative Agent’s release of any Collateral or of its Liens upon any Collateral, (v) the release or compromise, in whole or in part, of the liability of any other Loan Party for the payment of any of the Secured Obligations, (vi) any increase in the amount of the Secured Obligations beyond any limits imposed herein or in the amount of any interest, fees or other charges payable in connection therewith, in each case, if consented to by any other Borrower, or any decrease in the same, or (vii) any other circumstance that might constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of any Loan Party. After the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, the Administrative Agent may proceed directly and at once, without notice to any Borrower, against any or all of Loan Parties to collect and recover all or any part of the Secured Obligations, without first proceeding against any other Loan Party or against any Collateral or other security for the payment or performance of any of the Secured Obligations, and each Borrower waives any provision that might otherwise require the Administrative Agent or the Lenders under applicable law to pursue or exhaust its remedies against any Collateral or other Loan Party before pursuing such Borrower or its property. Each Borrower consents and agrees that neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall be under no obligation to marshal any assets in favor of any Loan Party or against or in payment of any or all of the Secured Obligations. ARTICLE X LOAN GUARANTY SECTION 10.01 Guaranty. Each Loan Guarantor (other than those that have delivered a separate Guaranty) hereby agrees that it is jointly and severally liable for, and, as a primary obligor and not merely as surety, absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees to the Secured Parties, the prompt payment when due, whether at stated maturity, upon acceleration or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, of the Secured Obligations and all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, all court costs and reasonable attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees (including allocated costs of in-house counsel and paralegals)


 
122 746154515.7 and expenses paid or incurred by the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders in endeavoring to collect all or any part of the Secured Obligations from, or in prosecuting any action against, any Borrower, any Loan Guarantor or any other guarantor of all or any part of the Secured Obligations (such costs and expenses, together with the Secured Obligations, collectively the “Guaranteed Obligations”); provided, however, that the definition of “Guaranteed Obligations” shall not create any guarantee by any Loan Guarantor of (or grant of security interest by any Loan Guarantor to support, as applicable) any Excluded Swap Obligations of such Loan Guarantor for purposes of determining any obligations of any Loan Guarantor. Each Loan Guarantor further agrees that the Guaranteed Obligations may be extended or renewed in whole or in part without notice to or further assent from it, and that it remains bound upon its guarantee notwithstanding any such extension or renewal. All terms of this Loan Guaranty apply to and may be enforced by or on behalf of any domestic or foreign branch or Affiliate of any Lender that extended any portion of the Guaranteed Obligations. SECTION 10.02 Guaranty of Payment. This Loan Guaranty is a guaranty of payment and not of collection. Each Loan Guarantor waives any right to require the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender to sue any Borrower, or any Loan Guarantor, or any other guarantor of, or any other Person obligated for all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations (each, an “Obligated Party”), or otherwise to enforce its payment against any collateral securing all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations. SECTION 10.03 No Discharge or Diminishment of Loan Guaranty. (a) Except as otherwise provided for herein, the obligations of each Loan Guarantor hereunder are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any reduction, limitation, impairment or termination for any reason (other than the Payment in Full of the Guaranteed Obligations), including: (i) any claim of waiver, release, extension, renewal, settlement, surrender, alteration, or compromise of any of the Guaranteed Obligations, by operation of law or otherwise; (ii) any change in the corporate existence, structure or ownership of any Borrower or any other Obligated Party liable for any of the Guaranteed Obligations; (iii) any insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization or other similar proceeding affecting any Obligated Party or their assets, or any resulting release or discharge of any obligation of any Obligated Party; or (iv) the existence of any claim, setoff or other rights which any Loan Guarantor may have at any time against any Obligated Party, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank, any Lender, or any other Person, whether in connection herewith or in any unrelated transactions. (b) The obligations of each Loan Guarantor hereunder are not subject to any defense or setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, or termination whatsoever by reason of the invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability of any of the Guaranteed Obligations or otherwise, or any provision of applicable law or regulation purporting to prohibit payment by any Obligated Party, of the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof. (c) Further, the obligations of any Loan Guarantor hereunder are not discharged or impaired or otherwise affected by: (i) the failure of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender to assert any claim or demand or to enforce any remedy with respect to all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations; (ii) any waiver or modification of or supplement to any provision of any agreement relating to the Guaranteed Obligations; (iii) any release, non-perfection, or invalidity of any indirect or direct security for the obligations of any Borrower for all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations or any obligations of any other Obligated Party liable for any of the Guaranteed Obligations; (iv) any action or failure to act by the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender with respect to any collateral securing any part of the Guaranteed Obligations; or (v) any default, failure or delay, willful or otherwise, in the payment or performance of any of the Guaranteed Obligations, or any other circumstance, act, omission or delay that might in any manner or to any extent vary the risk of such Loan Guarantor or that would otherwise operate


 
123 746154515.7 as a discharge of any Loan Guarantor as a matter of law or equity (other than the Payment in Full of the Guaranteed Obligations). SECTION 10.04 Defenses Waived. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each Loan Guarantor hereby waives any defense based on or arising out of any defense of any Borrower or any Loan Guarantor or the unenforceability of all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations from any cause, or the cessation from any cause of the liability of any Borrower, any Loan Guarantor or any other Obligated Party, other than the Payment in Full of the Guaranteed Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Loan Guarantor irrevocably waives acceptance hereof, presentment, demand, protest and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any notice not provided for herein, as well as any requirement that at any time any action be taken by any Person against any Obligated Party, or any other Person. Each Loan Guarantor confirms that it is not a surety under any state law and shall not raise any such law as a defense to its obligations hereunder. The Administrative Agent may, at its election, foreclose on any Collateral held by it by one or more judicial or nonjudicial sales, accept an assignment of any such Collateral in lieu of foreclosure or otherwise act or fail to act with respect to any collateral securing all or a part of the Guaranteed Obligations, compromise or adjust any part of the Guaranteed Obligations, make any other accommodation with any Obligated Party or exercise any other right or remedy available to it against any Obligated Party, without affecting or impairing in any way the liability of such Loan Guarantor under this Loan Guaranty, except to the extent the Guaranteed Obligations have been Paid in Full. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each Loan Guarantor waives any defense arising out of any such election even though that election may operate, pursuant to applicable law, to impair or extinguish any right of reimbursement or subrogation or other right or remedy of any Loan Guarantor against any Obligated Party or any security. SECTION 10.05 Rights of Subrogation. No Loan Guarantor will assert any right, claim or cause of action, including, without limitation, a claim of subrogation, contribution or indemnification that it has against any Obligated Party, or any collateral, until the Loan Parties and the Loan Guarantors have fully performed all their obligations to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders. SECTION 10.06 Reinstatement; Stay of Acceleration. If at any time any payment of any portion of the Guaranteed Obligations (including a payment effected through exercise of a right of setoff) is rescinded, or must otherwise be restored or returned upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of any Borrower or otherwise (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by a Secured Party in its discretion), each Loan Guarantor’s obligations under this Loan Guaranty with respect to that payment shall be reinstated at such time as though the payment had not been made and whether or not the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders are in possession of this Loan Guaranty. If acceleration of the time for payment of any of the Guaranteed Obligations is stayed upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of any Borrower, all such amounts otherwise subject to acceleration under the terms of any agreement relating to the Guaranteed Obligations shall nonetheless be payable by the Loan Guarantors forthwith on demand by the Administrative Agent. SECTION 10.07 Information. Each Loan Guarantor assumes all responsibility for being and keeping itself informed of the Borrowers’ financial condition and assets, and of all other circumstances bearing upon the risk of nonpayment of the Guaranteed Obligations and the nature, scope and extent of the risks that each Loan Guarantor assumes and incurs under this Loan Guaranty, and agrees that none of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank or any Lender shall have any duty to advise any Loan Guarantor of information known to it regarding those circumstances or risks. SECTION 10.08 Termination. Each of the Lenders and the Issuing Bank may continue to make loans or extend credit to the Borrowers based on this Loan Guaranty until five (5) days after it receives written notice of termination from any Loan Guarantor. Notwithstanding receipt of any such notice, each


 
124 746154515.7 Loan Guarantor will continue to be liable to the Lenders for any Guaranteed Obligations created, assumed or committed to prior to the fifth day after receipt of the notice, and all subsequent renewals, extensions, modifications and amendments with respect to, or substitutions for, all or any part of such Guaranteed Obligations. Nothing in this Section 10.08 shall be deemed to constitute a waiver of, or eliminate, limit, reduce or otherwise impair any rights or remedies the Administrative Agent or any Lender may have in respect of, any Default or Event of Default that shall exist under Article VII hereof as a result of any such notice of termination. SECTION 10.09 Taxes. Each payment of the Guaranteed Obligations will be made by each Loan Guarantor without withholding for any Taxes, unless such withholding is required by law. If any Loan Guarantor determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it is so required to withhold Taxes, then such Loan Guarantor may so withhold and shall timely pay the full amount of withheld Taxes to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law. If such Taxes are Indemnified Taxes, then the amount payable by such Loan Guarantor shall be increased as necessary so that, net of such withholding (including such withholding applicable to additional amounts payable under this Section), the Administrative Agent, Lender or Issuing Bank (as the case may be) receives the amount it would have received had no such withholding been made. SECTION 10.10 Maximum Liability. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Loan Guaranty, the amount guaranteed by each Loan Guarantor hereunder shall be limited to the extent, if any, required so that its obligations hereunder shall not be subject to avoidance under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code or under any applicable state Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, Uniform Voidable Transactions Act or similar statute or common law. In determining the limitations, if any, on the amount of any Loan Guarantor’s obligations hereunder pursuant to the preceding sentence, it is the intention of the parties hereto that any rights of subrogation, indemnification or contribution which such Loan Guarantor may have under this Loan Guaranty, any other agreement or applicable law shall be taken into account. SECTION 10.11 Contribution. (a) To the extent that any Loan Guarantor shall make a payment under this Loan Guaranty (a “Guarantor Payment”) which, taking into account all other Guarantor Payments then previously or concurrently made by any other Loan Guarantor, exceeds the amount which otherwise would have been paid by or attributable to such Loan Guarantor if each Loan Guarantor had paid the aggregate Guaranteed Obligations satisfied by such Guarantor Payment in the same proportion as such Loan Guarantor’s “Allocable Amount” (as defined below) (as determined immediately prior to such Guarantor Payment) bore to the aggregate Allocable Amounts of each of the Loan Guarantors as determined immediately prior to the making of such Guarantor Payment, then, following indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Guarantor Payment, the Payment in Full of the Guaranteed Obligations and the termination of this Agreement, such Loan Guarantor shall be entitled to receive contribution and indemnification payments from, and be reimbursed by, each other Loan Guarantor for the amount of such excess, pro rata based upon their respective Allocable Amounts in effect immediately prior to such Guarantor Payment. (b) As of any date of determination, the “Allocable Amount” of any Loan Guarantor shall be equal to the excess of the fair saleable value of the property of such Loan Guarantor over the total liabilities of such Loan Guarantor (including the maximum amount reasonably expected to become due in respect of contingent liabilities, calculated, without duplication, assuming each other Loan Guarantor that is also liable for such contingent liability pays its ratable share thereof), giving effect to all payments made by other Loan Guarantors as of such date in a manner to maximize the amount of such contributions.


 
125 746154515.7 (c) This Section 10.11 is intended only to define the relative rights of the Loan Guarantors, and nothing set forth in this Section 10.11 is intended to or shall impair the obligations of the Loan Guarantors, jointly and severally, to pay any amounts as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Loan Guaranty. (d) The parties hereto acknowledge that the rights of contribution and indemnification hereunder shall constitute assets of the Loan Guarantor or Loan Guarantors to which such contribution and indemnification is owing. (e) The rights of the indemnifying Loan Guarantors against other Loan Guarantors under this Section 10.11 shall be exercisable upon the Payment in Full of the Guaranteed Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. SECTION 10.12 Liability Cumulative. The liability of each Loan Party as a Loan Guarantor under this Article X is in addition to and shall be cumulative with all liabilities of each Loan Party to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Bank and the Lenders under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which such Loan Party is a party or in respect of any obligations or liabilities of the other Loan Parties, without any limitation as to amount, unless the instrument or agreement evidencing or creating such other liability specifically provides to the contrary. SECTION 10.13 Keepwell. Each Qualified ECP Guarantor hereby jointly and severally absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably undertakes to provide such funds or other support as may be needed from time to time by each other Loan Party to honor all of its obligations under this Guarantee in respect of a Swap Obligation (provided, however, that each Qualified ECP Guarantor shall only be liable under this Section 10.13 for the maximum amount of such liability that can be hereby incurred without rendering its obligations under this Section 10.13 or otherwise under this Loan Guaranty voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer, and not for any greater amount). Except as otherwise provided herein, the obligations of each Qualified ECP Guarantor under this Section 10.13 shall remain in full force and effect until the termination of all Swap Obligations. Each Qualified ECP Guarantor intends that this Section 10.13 constitute, and this Section 10.13 shall be deemed to constitute, a “keepwell, support, or other agreement” for the benefit of each other Loan Party for all purposes of Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act. ARTICLE XI THE BORROWER REPRESENTATIVE SECTION 11.01 Appointment; Nature of Relationship. Holdings is hereby appointed by each of the Loan Parties as its contractual representative (herein referred to as the “Borrower Representative”) hereunder and under each other Loan Document, and each of the Loan Parties irrevocably authorizes the Borrower Representative to act as the contractual representative of such Loan Party with the rights and duties expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents. The Borrower Representative agrees to act as such contractual representative upon the express conditions contained in this Article XI. Additionally, the Borrowers hereby appoint the Borrower Representative as their agent to receive all of the proceeds of the Loans in the Funding Account(s), at which time the Borrower Representative shall promptly disburse such Loans to the appropriate Borrower(s), provided that, in the case of a Revolving Loan, such amount shall not exceed Revolving Loan Availability. The Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and their respective officers, directors, agents or employees, shall not be liable to the Borrower Representative or any Loan Party for any action taken or omitted to be taken by the Borrower Representative or the Loan Parties pursuant to this Section 11.01.


 
126 746154515.7 SECTION 11.02 Powers. The Borrower Representative shall have and may exercise such powers under the Loan Documents as are specifically delegated to the Borrower Representative by the terms of each thereof, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. The Borrower Representative shall have no implied duties to the Loan Parties, or any obligation to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to take any action thereunder except any action specifically provided by the Loan Documents to be taken by the Borrower Representative. SECTION 11.03 Employment of Agents. The Borrower Representative may execute any of its duties as the Borrower Representative hereunder and under any other Loan Document by or through authorized officers. SECTION 11.04 Notices. Each Loan Party shall immediately notify the Borrower Representative of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default hereunder, refer to this Agreement, describe such Default or Event of Default, and state that such notice is a “notice of default”. In the event that the Borrower Representative receives such a notice, the Borrower Representative shall give prompt notice thereof to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders. Any notice provided to the Borrower Representative hereunder shall constitute notice to each Loan Party on the date received by the Borrower Representative. SECTION 11.05 Successor Borrower Representative. Upon the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, the Borrower Representative may resign at any time, such resignation to be effective upon the appointment of a successor Borrower Representative. The Administrative Agent shall give prompt written notice of such resignation to the Lenders. SECTION 11.06 Execution of Loan Documents. The Loan Parties hereby empower and authorize the Borrower Representative, on behalf of the Loan Parties, to execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders the Loan Documents and all related agreements, certificates, documents, or instruments as shall be necessary or appropriate to effect the purposes of the Loan Documents, including, without limitation, the Compliance Certificates. Each Loan Party agrees that any action taken by the Borrower Representative or the Loan Parties in accordance with the terms of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, and the exercise by the Borrower Representative of its powers set forth therein or herein, together with such other powers that are reasonably incidental thereto, shall be binding upon all of the Loan Parties. SECTION 11.07 Reporting. Each Loan Party hereby agrees that such Loan Party shall furnish promptly after each fiscal month to the Borrower Representative any certificate or report required hereunder or requested by the Borrower Representative on which the Borrower Representative shall rely to prepare the Compliance Certificates required pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement. SECTION 11.08Amendment and Restatement. The parties hereto agree that, on the Effective Date, the following transactions shall be deemed to occur automatically, without further action by any party hereto: (a) The Existing Credit Agreement shall be deemed to be amended and restated in its entirety in the form of and pursuant to this Agreement and the terms of this Agreement shall replace and supersede the Existing Credit Agreement (which shall hereafter have no further effect upon the parties thereto other than with respect to any action, event, representation, warranty or covenant occurring, made or applying prior to the Effective Date). (b) All “Loans” outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement shall be deemed to be Loans under this Agreement. All other “Obligations” existing under the Existing Credit Agreement shall be deemed to be outstanding under this Agreement and, in each case (i) are in all respects enforceable with


 
127 746154515.7 only the terms thereof being modified as provided by this Agreement and (ii) shall in all respects be continuing after the Effective Date and shall be deemed to be Obligations governed by this Agreement. On the Effective Date, each Lender under the Existing Credit Agreement that has a “Revolving Commitment” under the Existing Credit Agreement shall sell, assign and transfer, or purchase and assume, as the case may be, and receive payments from, or shall make payments to, the Administrative Agent such that after giving effect to all such assignments and purchases the Revolving Commitments will be held by the Lenders hereunder and each such Lender shall have funded its portion of its Commitment on the Effective Date. On the Effective Date, all outstanding “Revolving Commitments,” “Loans” and other outstanding advances under the Existing Credit Agreement shall be reallocated among the Lenders (including any newly added Lenders) under this Agreement in accordance with such Lenders’ respective revised Applicable Percentages. The assignments and purchases provided for in this Section 11.08(b) shall be without recourse, warranty or representation. The purchase price for each such assignment and purchase shall equal the principal amount of the Loan purchased and shall be payable to Administrative Agent for distribution to the Lenders. (c) On and after the Effective Date, all references to the Existing Credit Agreement or the “Credit Agreement” in the “Loan Documents” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) executed in connection with the Existing Credit Agreement, whether on the Original Effective Date or at any time thereafter but prior to the Effective Date, shall be deemed to include references to this Agreement, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. (d) Each party to this Agreement acknowledges and agrees that this Agreement and the documents executed and delivered in connection herewith do not constitute a novation, payment or reborrowing or termination of any of the Obligations under the Existing Credit Agreement as in effect prior to the Effective Date or a novation or payment and reborrowing of any amount owing under the Existing Credit Agreement as in effect prior to the Effective Date. [Signatures Immediately Follow]


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written. BORROWERS: DUTCH BROS., LLC DB MANAGEMENT CO. DB FRANCHISING USA, LLC BOERSMA BROS. LLC By: Name: Charles Jemley Title: Chief Financial Officer GUARANTORS: DUTCH MAFIA, LLC By: Name: Charles Jemley Title: Chief Financial Officer DUTCHWEAR, LLC By: Name: Charles Jemley Title: Chief Financial Officer /s/ Charles Jemley /s/ Charles Jemley /s/ Charles Jemley


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement BB HOLDINGS AR, LLC BB HOLDINGS AZ, LLC BB HOLDINGS CA, LLC BB HOLDINGS COLORADO, LLC BB HOLDINGS ID, LLC BB HOLDINGS KS, LLC BB HOLDINGS MO, LLC BB HOLDINGS NM, LLC BB HOLDINGS NV, LLC BB HOLDINGS OK GROUP, LLC BB HOLDINGS OR, LLC BB HOLDINGS TN, LLC BB HOLDINGS TX, LLC BB HOLDINGS UT, LLC BB HOLDINGS WA, LLC BB HOLDINGS AL, LLC BB HOLDINGS FL, LLC BB HOLDINGS KY, LLC By: Name: Charles Jemley Title: Chief Financial Officer /s/ Charles Jemley


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., individually, and as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and Issuing Bank By: Name: Jessalynn Nagy Title: Vice President /s/ Jessalynn Nagy


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. By: Name: Anthony Luppino Title: Senior Vice President /s/ Anthony Luppino


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement MUFG Bank, LTD By: Name: Eric Schnyder Title: Managing Director /s/ Eric Schnyder


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement CAPITAL ONE, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION By: Name: Edgar Abreu Title: Assistant Vice President /s/ Edgar Abreu


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement BANNER BANK By: Name: Jay Stormberg Title: Vice President/Relationship Mar /s/ Jay Stormberg


 
Signature Page to Credit Agreement CITY NATIONAL BANK By: Name: Justin D’Affronte Title: Senior Vice President /s/ Justin D'Affronte


 
Exhibit 21.1
Subsidiaries of Dutch Bros Inc.
Name of SubsidiaryJurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Dutch Mafia, LLCDelaware
Boersma Bros. LLCOregon
DB Franchising USA, LLCOregon
DB Management Co.Delaware
Dutch Bros., LLCOregon
Dutchwear, LLCOregon
BB Holdings AL, LLCOregon
BB Holdings AR, LLCOregon
BB Holdings AZ, LLCOregon
BB Holdings CA, LLCOregon
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toc1ab.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Exhibit 21.1
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement (No. 333-259618) on Form S-8 of our report dated March 11, 2022, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Dutch Bros Inc. and subsidiaries.

/s/ KPMG LLP
Portland, Oregon
March 11, 2022
toc1ac.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Exhibit 23.1
Exhibit 31.1
DUTCH BROS INC.
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jonathan Ricci, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2021 of Dutch Bros Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

March 11, 2022 /s/ Jonathan Ricci
Date Jonathan Ricci
 Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)
toc1a.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Exhibit 31.1
Exhibit 31.2
DUTCH BROS INC.
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Charles L. Jemley, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2021 of Dutch Bros Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

March 11, 2022 /s/ Charles L. Jemley
Date Charles L. Jemley
 Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
toc1aa.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Exhibit 31.2
Exhibit 32.1
DUTCH BROS INC.
CERTIFICATIONS OF
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Dutch Bros Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date of the signatures below (the "Report"), Jonathan Ricci, Chief Executive Officer and President, and Charles L. Jemley, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of their respective knowledge:

1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


March 11, 2022 /s/ Jonathan Ricci
Date Jonathan Ricci
 Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)
March 11, 2022/s/ Charles L. Jemley
DateCharles L. Jemley
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

This certification accompanies the Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Dutch Bros Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

toc1aa.jpgDutch Bros Inc.| Exhibit 32.1