Commission File Number 0-16587

Summit Financial Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

West Virginia (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		55-0672148 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
300 N. Main Street Moorefield, West Virginia  (Address of principal executive offices)		26836 (Zip Code)

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Documents Incorporated by Reference

The following lists the documents which are incorporated by reference in the Annual Report Form 10-K and the Parts and Items of the Form 10-K into which the documents are incorporated.

Document		Part of Form 10-K into which document is incorporated
Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 19, 2020		Part III - Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14

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PART I.

Item 1.  Business

Summit Financial Group, Inc. (“Company” or “Summit”) is a $2.40 billion financial holding company headquartered in Moorefield, West Virginia incorporated on March 5, 1987.  We provide community banking services primarily in the Eastern Panhandle, Southern and North Central regions of West Virginia and the Northern, Shenandoah Valley and Southwestern regions of Virginia.  We provide these services through our community bank subsidiary, Summit Community Bank (“Summit Community” or “Bank”).  

                                

Community Banking

We provide a wide range of community banking services, including demand, savings and time deposits; commercial, real estate and consumer loans; trust and wealth management services; and cash management services.  The deposits of Summit Community are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC").

In order to compete with other financial service providers, we principally rely upon personal relationships established by our officers, directors and employees with our clients and specialized services tailored to meet our clients’ needs.  We have maintained a strong community orientation by, among other things, supporting the active participation of staff members in local charitable, civic, school, religious and community development activities.  We also have a marketing program that primarily utilizes local radio and newspapers to advertise.  Banking, like most industries, is becoming more dependent on technology as a means of marketing to customers, including the Internet, which we also utilize.  This approach, coupled with continuity of service by the same staff members, enables Summit Community to develop long-term customer relationships, maintain high quality service and respond quickly to customer needs.  We believe that our emphasis on local relationship banking, together with a prudent approach to lending, are important factors in our success and growth.

All operational and support functions that are transparent to clients are centralized in order to achieve consistency and cost efficiencies in the delivery of products and services by each banking office.  The central office provides services such as data processing, deposit operations, accounting, treasury management, loan administration, loan review, compliance, risk management and internal auditing to enhance our delivery of quality service.  We also provide overall direction in the areas of credit policy and administration, strategic planning, marketing, investment portfolio management, human resources administration and other financial and administrative services. The banking offices work closely with us to develop new products and services needed by their customers and to introduce enhancements to existing products and services.

Lending

Our primary lending focus is providing commercial loans to local businesses with annual sales generally up to $75 million and providing owner-occupied real estate loans to individuals.  We typically do not seek credit relationships of more than $25 million but will consider larger lending relationships exhibiting above-average credit quality.  Under our commercial banking strategy, we focus on offering a broad line of financial products and services to small and medium-sized businesses through full service banking offices.  Summit Community Bank has senior management with extensive lending experience.  These managers exercise substantial authority over credit and pricing decisions, subject to loan committee approval for larger credits.

We segment our loan portfolio in to the following major lending categories: commercial, commercial real estate, construction and land development, residential real estate, consumer and mortgage warehouse lines of credit. Commercial loans are loans made to commercial borrowers that are not secured by real estate. These encompass loans secured by accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, as well as unsecured loans. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial mortgages, which generally are secured by nonresidential and multi-family residential properties. Commercial real estate loans are made to many of the same customers and carry similar industry risks as the commercial loan portfolio. Construction and development loans are loans made for the purpose of financing construction or development projects. This portfolio includes commercial and residential land development loans, one-to-four family housing construction, both pre-sold and speculative in nature, multi-family housing construction, non-residential building construction and undeveloped land. Residential real estate loans are mortgage loans to consumers and are secured primarily by a first lien deed of trust. These loans are traditional one-to-four family residential mortgages. Also included in this category of loans are second liens on one-to-four family properties, commercial loans secured by one-to-four family residence and home equity loans. Consumer loans are loans that establish consumer credit that is granted for the consumer’s personal use. These loans include automobile loans and recreational vehicle loans, as well as personal secured and unsecured loans. Our mortgage warehouse lines of credit result solely from a participation arrangement with a regional bank to fund residential mortgage warehouse lines of medium- and large-sized mortgage originators located throughout the United States.

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 Our loan underwriting guidelines and standards are consistent with the prudent banking practices applicable to the relevant exposure and are updated periodically and presented to the Board of Directors for approval. The purpose of these standards and guidelines are:  to grant loans on a sound and collectible basis; to invest available funds in a safe and profitable manner; to serve the legitimate credit needs of our primary market area; and to ensure that all loan applicants receive fair and equal treatment in the lending process. It is the intent of the underwriting guidelines and standards to: minimize losses by carefully investigating the credit history of each applicant; verify the source of repayment and the ability of the applicant to repay; collateralize those loans in which collateral is deemed to be required; exercise care in the documentation of the application, review, approval and origination process; and administer a comprehensive loan collection program.

Our real estate underwriting loan-to-value (“LTV”) policy limits are at or below current bank regulatory guidelines, as follows:

	Regulatory LTV Guideline		Summit LTV Policy Limit
Undeveloped land	65%		65%
Land development	75%		70%
Land development - Finished building lots	85%		85%
Construction:
Commercial, multifamily and other non-residential	80%		80%
1-4 family residential, consumer borrower	85%		85%
1-4 family residential, pre-sold commercial borrower	80%		80%
1-4 family residential, spec, commercial borrower	80%		70%
Improved property:
Residential real estate - nonowner occupied	85%		85%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	85%		85%
Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied	85%		85%
Owner occupied 1-4 family	90%		90%
Home equity	90%		90%

Exceptions are permitted to these regulatory guidelines as long as such exceptions are identified, monitored and reported to the Board of Directors at least quarterly and the total of such exceptions do not exceed 100% of Summit Community’s total regulatory capital, which totaled $257.1 million as of December 31, 2019.  As of this date, we had loans approximating $106.3 million which exceeded the above regulatory LTV guidelines, as follows:

Undeveloped land	$	6.0		million
Land development	$	5.0		million
Land development - Finished building lots	$	2.3		million
Construction:
Commercial, multifamily and other non-residential	$	11.9		million
1-4 family residential, consumer borrower	$	0.3		million
1-4 family residential, pre-sold, commercial borrower	$	0.1		million
1-4 family residential, spec, commercial borrower	$	3.7		million
Improved property:
Residential real estate - nonowner occupied	$	10.2		million
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	18.7		million
Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied	$	29.1		million
Owner occupied 1-4 family	$	18.5		million
Home equity	$	0.5		million

Our underwriting standards and practice are designed to originate both fixed and variable rate loan products, consistent with the underwriting guidelines discussed above. Adjustable rate and variable rate loans are underwritten, giving consideration both to the loan’s initial rate and to higher assumed rates, commensurate with reasonably anticipated market conditions.  Accordingly, we want to insure that adequate primary repayment capacity exists to address both future increases in interest rates and fluctuations in the underlying cash flows available for repayment.  Historically, we have not offered “payment option ARM” loans.  Further, we have had no loan portfolio products which were specifically designed for “sub-prime” borrowers (defined as consumers with a credit score of less than 599).

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Supervision and Regulation

General

We are subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”), the West Virginia Division of Financial Institutions, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and other federal and state regulators.  As a financial holding company, we are subject to the restrictions of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”), are registered pursuant to its provisions and are subject to examination by the FRB.  As a financial holding company doing business in West Virginia, we are also subject to regulation by and must submit annual reports to the West Virginia Division of Financial Institutions.

The BHCA prohibits the acquisition by a financial holding company of direct or indirect ownership of more than five percent (5%) of the voting shares of any bank within the United States without prior approval of the FRB. With certain exceptions, a financial holding company is prohibited from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than five percent (5%) of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank and from engaging directly or indirectly in business unrelated to the business of banking or managing or controlling banks.

The FRB, in its Regulation Y, permits financial holding companies to engage in non-banking activities closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks.  Approval of the FRB is necessary to engage in these activities or to make acquisitions of corporations engaging in these activities as the FRB determines whether these acquisitions or activities are in the public interest. In addition, by order, and on a case by case basis, the FRB may approve other non-banking activities.

The BHCA permits us to purchase or redeem our own securities.  However, Regulation Y provides that prior notice must be given to the FRB if the total consideration for such purchase or consideration, when aggregated with the net consideration paid by us for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months is equal to ten percent (10%) or more of our consolidated net worth.  Prior notice is not required if (i) both before and immediately after the redemption, the financial holding company is well capitalized; (ii) the financial holding company is well managed and (iii) the financial holding company is not the subject of any unresolved supervisory issues.

In July 2019, the federal bank regulators adopted final rules (the “Capital Simplifications Rules”) that, among other things, eliminated the standalone prior approval requirement in the Basel III Capital Rules for any repurchase of common stock. In certain circumstances, Summit’s repurchases of its common stock may be subject to a prior approval or notice requirement under other regulations, policies or supervisory expectations of the Federal Reserve Board. Any redemption or repurchase of preferred stock or subordinated debt remains subject to the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board.

The FRB has broad authority to prohibit activities of bank holding companies and their non-banking subsidiaries that represent unsafe and unsound banking practices or which constitute violations of laws or regulations.  The FRB also can assess civil money penalties for certain activities conducted on a knowing and reckless basis, if those activities caused a substantial loss to a depository institution.  The penalties can be as high as $1 million for each day the activity continues.

Summit Community, our only bank subsidiary, is subject to West Virginia banking statutes and regulations, and is primarily regulated by the West Virginia Division of Financial Institutions and the FDIC.  The Bank is also subject to regulations promulgated by the FRB.  As a member of the FDIC, Summit Community’s deposits are insured as required by federal law.  Bank regulatory authorities regularly examine revenues, loans, investments, management practices and other aspects of Summit Community.  These examinations are conducted primarily to protect depositors and not shareholders.  In addition to these regular examinations, the Bank must furnish to regulatory authorities quarterly reports containing full and accurate statements of its affairs.

Because we are a public company, we are subject to regulation by the SEC.  SEC regulations require us to disclose certain types of business and financial data on a regular basis to the SEC and to our shareholders.  We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports with the SEC.  We prepare and file an annual report on Form 10-K with the SEC that contains detailed financial and operating information, as well as a management response to specific questions about our operations.  SEC regulations require that our annual reports to shareholders contain certified financial statements and other specific items such as management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations.  We must also file quarterly reports with the SEC on Form 10-Q that contain detailed financial and operating information for the prior quarter and we must file current reports on Form 8-K to provide the pubic with information on recent material events.

In addition to periodic reporting to the SEC, we are subject to proxy rules and tender offer rules issued by the SEC.  Our officers, directors and principal shareholders (holding 10% or more of our stock) must also submit reports to the SEC regarding

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their holdings of our stock and any changes to such holdings and they are subject to short-swing profit liability.  Because we are traded on the NASDAQ, we are also subject to the listing standards of NASDAQ.

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010

 

The “Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act” (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which is complex and broad in scope, established the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (the “CFPB”), which has extensive regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services, and the Financial Stability Oversight Council, which has oversight authority for monitoring systemic risk.  We will be required to comply with the Consumer Financial Protection Act and the CFPB’s rules; however, these rules will be enforced by our primary regulator, the FRB, not the CFPB.  In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act alters the authority and duties of the federal banking and securities regulatory agencies, implements certain corporate governance requirements for all public companies, including financial institutions with regard to executive compensation, proxy access by shareholders and certain whistleblower provisions and restricts certain proprietary trading and hedge fund and private equity activities of banks and their affiliates.  Although the regulations that directly affect our business have been adopted, many of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act are subject to final rulemaking by the U.S. financial regulatory agencies and the implications of the Dodd-Frank Act for our business will depend to some extent on how such rules are adopted and implemented by the primary U.S. financial regulatory agencies.

Bank Holding Company Activities

 

In general, the BHC Act limits the business of bank holding companies to banking, managing or controlling banks and other activities that the FRB has determined to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto. In addition, bank holding companies that qualify and elect to be financial holding companies may engage in any activity, or acquire and retain the shares of a company engaged in any activity, that is either (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity (as determined by the FRB in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury) or (ii) complementary to a financial activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally (as solely determined by the FRB), without prior approval of the FRB.

 

Activities that are financial in nature include securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting and making merchant banking investments. Some examples of non-banking activities which presently may be performed by a financial holding company are: making or acquiring, for its own account or the account of others, loans and other extensions of credit; operating as an industrial bank, or industrial loan company, in the manner authorized by state law; servicing loans and other extensions of credit; performing or carrying on any one or more of the functions or activities that may be performed or carried on by a trust company in the manner authorized by federal or state law; acting as an investment or financial advisor; leasing real or personal property; making equity or debt investments in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare, such as the economic rehabilitation and the development of low income areas; providing bookkeeping services or financially oriented data processing services for the holding company and its subsidiaries; acting as an insurance agent or a broker; acting as an underwriter for credit life insurance, which is directly related to extensions of credit by the financial holding company system; providing courier services for certain financial documents; providing management consulting advice to non-affiliated banks; selling retail money orders having a face value of not more than $1,000, traveler’s checks and U.S. savings bonds; performing appraisals of real estate; arranging commercial real estate equity financing under certain limited circumstances; providing securities brokerage services related to securities credit activities; underwriting and dealing in government obligations and money market instruments; providing foreign exchange advisory and transactional services; and acting, under certain circumstances, as futures commission merchant for non-affiliated persons in the execution and clearance on major commodity exchanges of futures contracts and options.

 

To maintain financial holding company status, a financial holding company and all of its depository institution subsidiaries must be “well capitalized” and “well managed.” A depository institution subsidiary is considered to be “well capitalized” if it satisfies the requirements for this status discussed in the section captioned “Capital Requirements” included elsewhere in this item. A depository institution subsidiary is considered “well managed” if it received a composite rating and management rating of at least “satisfactory” in its most recent examination. A financial holding company’s status will also depend upon it maintaining its status as “well capitalized” and “well managed’ under applicable FRB regulations. If a financial holding company ceases to meet these capital and management requirements, the FRB’s regulations provide that the financial holding company must enter into an agreement with the FRB to comply with all applicable capital and management requirements. Until the financial holding company returns to compliance, the FRB may impose limitations or conditions on the conduct of its activities and the company may not commence any of the broader financial activities permissible for financial holding companies or acquire a company engaged in such financial activities without prior approval of the FRB. If the company does not return to compliance within 180 days, the FRB may require divestiture of the holding company’s depository institutions.

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Bank holding companies and banks must also be both well capitalized and well managed in order to acquire banks located outside their home state.

 

In order for a financial holding company to commence any new activity permitted by the BHC Act or to acquire a company engaged in any new activity permitted by the BHC Act, each insured depository institution subsidiary of the financial holding company must have received a rating of at least “satisfactory” in its most recent examination under the Community Reinvestment Act. See the section captioned “Community Reinvestment Act” included elsewhere in this item.

 

The FRB has the power to order any bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any activity or to terminate its ownership or control of any subsidiary when the FRB has reasonable grounds to believe that continuation of such activity or such ownership or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness, safety or stability of any bank subsidiary of the bank holding company.

 

The Dodd-Frank Act amends the BHC Act to require the federal financial regulatory agencies to adopt rules that prohibit banks and their affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and investing in and sponsoring certain unregistered investment companies (defined as hedge funds and private equity funds). The statutory provision is commonly called the “Volcker Rule”. In July, 2019, the federal banking agencies adopted a final rule implementing sections of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act to grant an exclusion from the Volcker Rule for community banks with few than $10 billion in total consolidated assets and total trading assets, as well as liabilities that are equal to or less than five percent of their total consolidated assets. Not only are we now excluded from the Volker Rule due to our asset size, the Volcker Rule has not had a material impact on our operations as we do not generally engage in activities prohibited by the Volcker Rule.

 

The BHC Act, the Bank Merger Act, the West Virginia Banking Code and other federal and state statutes regulate acquisitions of commercial banks. The BHC Act requires the prior approval of the FRB for the direct or indirect acquisition by a bank holding company of more than 5.0% of the voting shares of a commercial bank or its parent holding company. Under the Bank Merger Act, the prior approval of the FRB or other appropriate bank regulatory authority is required for a member bank to merge with another bank or purchase the assets or assume the deposits of another bank. In reviewing applications seeking approval of merger and acquisition transactions, the bank regulatory authorities will consider, among other things, the competitive effect and public benefits of the transactions, the capital position of the combined organization, the risks to the stability of the U.S. banking or financial system, the applicant’s performance record under the Community Reinvestment Act (see the section captioned “Community Reinvestment Act” included elsewhere in this item) and its compliance with fair housing and other consumer protection laws and the effectiveness of the subject organizations in combating money laundering activities.

 

Dividends

 

The principal source of our liquidity is dividends from Summit Community. The prior approval of the Federal Reserve is required if the total of all dividends declared by a state-chartered member bank in any calendar year would exceed the sum of the bank’s net profits for that year and its retained net profits for the preceding two calendar years, less any required transfers to surplus or to fund the retirement of preferred stock. Federal law also prohibits a state-chartered, member bank from paying dividends that would be greater than the bank’s undivided profits. Summit Community is also subject to limitations under West Virginia state law regarding the level of dividends that may be paid.

 

In addition, the Company and Summit Community are subject to other regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain adequate capital above regulatory minimums. The appropriate federal regulatory authority is authorized to determine under certain circumstances relating to the financial condition of a bank holding company or a bank that the payment of dividends would be an unsafe or unsound practice and to prohibit payment thereof. The appropriate federal regulatory authorities have stated that paying dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base to an inadequate level would be an unsafe and unsound banking practice and that banking organizations should generally pay dividends only out of current operating earnings.

 

Credit and Monetary Policies and Related Matters

Summit Community is affected by the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies, including the FRB.  An important function of these policies is to curb inflation and control recessions through control of the supply of money and credit.  The operations of Summit Community are affected by the policies of government regulatory authorities, including the FRB, which regulates money and credit conditions through open-market operations in United States Government and Federal agency securities, adjustments in the discount rate on member bank borrowings and requirements against deposits and regulation of interest rates payable by member banks on time and savings deposits.  These policies have a significant influence

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on the growth and distribution of loans, investments and deposits, and interest rates charged on loans, or paid for time and savings deposits, as well as yields on investments.  The FRB has had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and is expected to continue to do so in the future.  Future policies of the FRB and other authorities and their effect on future earnings cannot be predicted.

The FRB has a policy that a financial holding company is expected to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to each of its subsidiary banks and to commit resources to support each such subsidiary bank.  Under the source of strength doctrine, the FRB may require a financial holding company to contribute capital to a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the financial holding company with engaging in unsafe and unsound practices for failure to commit resources to such a subsidiary bank.  This capital injection may be required at times when Summit may not have the resources to provide it.  Any capital loans by a holding company to any subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary bank.  In addition, the Crime Control Act of 1990 provides that in the event of a financial holding company's bankruptcy, any commitment by such holding company to a Federal bank or thrift regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.

Capital Requirements

Our bank subsidiary, Summit Community, is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the banking regulatory agencies. Under the capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, Summit Community must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Summit Community’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require Summit Community to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Common Equity Tier 1("CET1"), Total capital and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier I capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Summit Community’s regulatory capital ratios as of December 31, 2019 are set forth in the table in Note 18 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements beginning on page 86. We believe, as of December 31, 2019, that our bank subsidiary met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject.

The most recent notifications from the banking regulatory agencies categorized Summit Community as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, Summit Community must maintain minimum CET1, Total risk-based, Tier I risk-based, and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the table below.

The Basel III Capital Rules became effective for us on January 1, 2015, with full compliance with all of the final rule's requirements phased-in over a multi-year schedule, and was fully phased-in by January 1, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, Summit Community’s capital levels remained characterized as "well-capitalized" under the new rules.

On August 28, 2018, the FRB issued an interim final rule expanding the applicability of the FRB's small bank holding company policy statement, as required by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018. The interim final rule raises the small bank holding company policy statement's asset threshold from $1 billion to $3 billion in total consolidated assets, and as a result, the Company was exempted from all regulatory capital guidelines, to which it previously had been subject, until such time as its consolidated assets exceed $3 billion.

On December 21, 2018, the federal banking agencies issued a joint final rule to revise their regulatory capital rules to: (i) address the upcoming implementation of the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") accounting standard under GAAP; and (ii) provide an optional three-year phase-in period for the day-one adverse regulatory capital effects that banking organizations are expected to experience upon adopting CECL We implemented the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2020, whereby we increased the allowances for loan credit losses and unfunded commitments by $8.89 million and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings of $7.02 million (net of deferred income taxes of $1.87 million) and intend to elect to recognize the regulatory capital impact of its adoption over the three year period.

Prompt Corrective Action.  The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 ("FDICIA") establishes a new regulatory scheme, which ties the level of supervisory intervention by bank regulatory authorities primarily to a depository institution's capital category. Among other things, FDICIA authorizes regulatory authorities to take "prompt corrective action" with respect to depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements.  FDICIA establishes five capital tiers:  well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized. The relevant capital measures, which reflect changes under the Basel III Capital Rules, are the total capital ratio, the CET1 capital ratio, the Tier 1 capital ratio and the leverage ratio.

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A bank will be (i) “well capitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a CET1 capital ratio of 6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater and a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater and is not subject to any order or written directive by any such regulatory authority to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure; (ii) “adequately capitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater and a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater and is not “well capitalized”; (iii) “undercapitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8.0%, a CET1 capital ratio less than 4.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 4.0%; (iv) “significantly undercapitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a CET1 capital ratio less than 3.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 3.0%; and (v) “critically undercapitalized” if the institution’s tangible equity is equal to or less than 2.0% of average quarterly tangible assets. An institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category that is lower than indicated by its capital ratios if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters. A bank’s capital category is determined solely for the purpose of applying prompt corrective action regulations and the capital category may not constitute an accurate representation of the bank’s overall financial condition or prospects for other purposes.”

Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, a qualifying community banking organization may elect to use the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR) framework to eliminate the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios. A qualifying community organization is a depository institution or its holding company that has less than $10 billion in average total consolidated assets; has off-balance-sheet exposures of 25% or less of total consolidated assets; has trading assets plus trading liabilities of 5% or less of total consolidated assets; and is not an advanced approaches banking organization. Qualifying community banking organizations that elect to use the CBLR framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than 9% are considered to have satisfied the risk-based and leverage capital requirements and are considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements for purposes of Section 38 of the FDICIA. A qualifying community banking organization may opt into and out of the CBLR framework by completing the associated reporting requirements on its call report. Although we presently do not anticipate opting into the CBLR framework, we will evaluate quarterly.

Community Reinvestment Act

Financial holding companies and their subsidiary banks are also subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”).  Under the CRA, the FRB (or other appropriate bank regulatory agency) is required, in connection with its examination of a bank, to assess such bank’s record in meeting the credit needs of the communities served by that bank, including low and moderate income neighborhoods.  Further, such assessment is also required of any financial holding company that has applied to (i) charter a national bank, (ii) obtain deposit insurance coverage for a newly chartered institution, (iii) establish a new branch office that will accept deposits, (iv) relocate an office, or (v) merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of a federally-regulated financial institution.  In the case of a financial holding company applying for approval to acquire a bank or other financial holding company, the FRB will assess the record of each subsidiary of the applicant financial holding company and such records may be the basis for denying the application or imposing conditions in connection with approval of the application.  

In the most recent CRA examination by the bank regulatory authorities, Summit Community was given a “satisfactory” CRA rating.

In December 2019, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) jointly proposed rules that would significantly change existing CRA regulations. The proposed rules are intended to increase bank activity in low- and moderate-income communities where there is significant need for credit, more responsible lending, greater access to banking services, and improvements to critical infrastructure. The proposals change four key areas: (i) clarifying what activities qualify for CRA credit; (ii) updating where activities count for CRA credit; (iii) providing a more transparent and objective method for measuring CRA performance; and (iv) revising CRA-related data collection, record keeping, and reporting. We will continue to evaluate the impact of any changes to the regulations implementing the CRA and their impact to our financial condition, results of operations, and/or liquidity.

Graham-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999

The enactment of the Graham-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (the “GLB Act”) represents a pivotal point in the history of the financial services industry.  The GLB Act swept away large parts of a regulatory framework that had its origins in the Depression Era of the 1930s.  New opportunities were available for banks, other depository institutions, insurance companies and securities firms to enter into combinations that permit a single financial services organization to offer customers a more complete array of financial products and services.  The GLB Act provides a new regulatory framework through the financial

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holding company, which has as its “umbrella regulator” the FRB.  Functional regulation of the financial holding company’s separately regulated subsidiaries is conducted by their primary functional regulators.  The GLB Act makes a CRA rating of satisfactory or above necessary for insured depository institutions and their financial holding companies to engage in new financial activities.  The GLB Act specifically gives the FRB the authority, by regulation or order, to expand the list of “financial” or “incidental” activities, but requires consultation with the U.S. Treasury Department, and gives the FRB authority to allow a financial holding company to engage in any activity that is “complementary” to a financial activity and does not “pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally.”

 

Under the GLB Act, all financial institutions are required to adopt privacy policies, restrict the sharing of nonpublic customer data with nonaffiliated parties at the customer’s request and establish procedures and practices to protect customer data from unauthorized access.  We have established policies and procedures to assure our compliance with all privacy provisions of the GLB Act. Pursuant to Title V of the GLB Act, we, like all other financial institutions, are required to:

•	provide notice to our customers regarding privacy policies and practices,

•	inform our customers regarding the conditions under which their non-public personal information may be disclosed to non-affiliated third parties and

•	give our customers an option to prevent certain disclosure of such information to non-affiliated third parties.

Deposit Acquisition Limitation

Under West Virginia banking law, an acquisition or merger is not permitted if the resulting depository institution or its holding company, including its affiliated depository institutions, would assume additional deposits to cause it to control deposits in the State of West Virginia in excess of twenty five percent (25%) of such total amount of all deposits held by insured depository institutions in West Virginia.  This limitation may be waived by the Commissioner of Banking by showing good cause.

Consumer Laws and Regulations

In addition to the banking laws and regulations discussed above, bank subsidiaries are also subject to certain consumer laws and regulations that are designed to protect consumers in transactions with banks.  Among the more prominent of such laws and regulations are the Truth in Lending Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Regulation C, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Fair Debt Collection Act, the Right to Financial Privacy Act and the Fair Housing Act.  These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits or making loans to such customers. Bank subsidiaries must comply with the applicable provisions of these consumer protection laws and regulations as part of their ongoing customer relations.

Dodd-Frank centralized responsibility for consumer financial protection by creating the CFPB and giving it responsibility for implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal consumer protection laws.  The CFPB has broad rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement authority over consumer financial products and services, including deposit products, residential mortgages, home-equity loans and credit cards.  The CFPB’s functions include investigating consumer complaints, rulemaking, supervising and examining banks’ consumer transactions and enforcing rules related to consumer financial products and services including mortgage lending and servicing, fair lending requirements, and automotive finance.  Summit Community Bank, as a bank with less than $10 billion in assets, is subject to these federal consumer financial laws, but continues to be examined for compliance by the FDIC, its primary federal banking regulator.

 

The CFPB has issued final regulations implementing provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that require all creditors to determine a consumer’s ability to repay a mortgage loan before making a loan.  The final rule, referred to as the Ability-to Repay (ATR)/Qualified Mortgage (QM) standards, provide that a lender making a special type of loan, known as a Qualified Mortgage, is entitled to presume that the loan complies with the ATR safe harbor requirements.  The rule establishes different types of Qualified Mortgages that are generally identified as loans with restrictions on loan features, limits on fees being charged and underwriting requirements.

 

USA Patriot Act of 2001

The USA Patriot Act of 2001 and its related regulations require insured depository institutions, broker-dealers and certain other financial institutions to have policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist financing.  The statute and its regulations also provide for information sharing, subject to conditions, between federal law enforcement agencies and financial institutions, as well as among financial institutions, for counter-terrorism purposes.  Federal

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banking regulators are required, when reviewing bank holding company acquisition and bank merger applications, to take into account the effectiveness of the anti-money laundering activities of the applicants. Summit expects to continue to devote significant resources to its Bank Secrecy Act/anti-money laundering program, particularly as risks persistently emerge and evolve and as regulatory expectations escalate.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOA”) addresses, among other issues, corporate governance, auditing and accounting, executive compensation and enhanced and timely disclosure of corporate information.  SOA requires our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer each to certify that Summit’s Quarterly and Annual Reports do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact. The rules have several requirements, including requiring these officers certify that:  they are responsible for establishing, maintaining and regularly evaluating the effectiveness of our internal controls; they have made certain disclosures to our auditors and the audit committee of the Board of Directors about our internal controls; and they have included information in Summit’s Quarterly and Annual Reports about their evaluation and whether there have been significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the evaluation.

Furthermore, in response to the directives of the SOA, NASDAQ adopted substantially expanded corporate governance criteria for the issuers of securities quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market (the market on which our common stock is listed for trading).  The new NASDAQ rules govern, among other things, the enhancement and regulation of corporate disclosure and internal governance of listed companies and of the authority, role and responsibilities of their boards of directors and, in particular, of “independent” members of such boards of directors, in the areas of nominations, corporate governance, compensation and the monitoring of the audit and internal financial control processes.

Cybersecurity

In 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement indicates that financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cyber-attack. If we fail to observe the regulatory guidance, we could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties.

In the ordinary course of business, we rely on electronic communications and information systems to conduct our operations and to store sensitive data. We employ an in-depth, layered, defensive approach that leverages people, processes and technology to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We employ a variety of preventative and detective tools to monitor, block and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on any suspected advanced persistent threats. Notwithstanding the strength of our defensive measures, the threat from cyber attacks is severe, attacks are sophisticated and increasing in volume and attackers respond rapidly to changes in defensive measures. While to date, we have not experienced a significant compromise, significant data loss or any material financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, our systems and those of our customers and third-party service providers are under constant threat and it is possible that we could experience a significant event in the future. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, as well as due to the expanding use of Internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by us and our customers. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity.

Transactions with Affiliates

Federal law restricts subsidiary banks of a financial holding company from making certain extensions of credit to the parent financial holding company or to any of its subsidiaries; from investing in the holding company stock; and limits the ability of a subsidiary bank to take its parent company stock as collateral for the loans of any borrower. Additionally, federal law prohibits a financial holding company and its subsidiaries from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in conjunction with the extension of credit or furnishing of services.

 

There are various statutory and regulatory limitations, including those set forth in sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and the related Federal Reserve Regulation W, governing the extent to which the bank will be able to purchase assets from or securities of or otherwise finance or transfer funds to us or our non-banking affiliates.  Among other restrictions, such

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transactions between the bank and any one affiliate (including Summit) generally will be limited to ten percent (10%) of the bank’s capital and surplus and transactions between the bank and all affiliates will be limited to twenty percent (20%) of the bank’s capital and surplus.  Furthermore, loans and extensions of credit are required to be secured in specified amounts and are required to be on terms and conditions consistent with safe and sound banking practices.

 

In addition, any transaction by a bank with an affiliate and any sale of assets or provisions of services to an affiliate generally must be on terms that are substantially the same, or at least as favorable, to the bank as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-affiliated companies.

 

Incentive Compensation

The Federal Reserve Board reviews, as part of its regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as Summit, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews are tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The scope and content of the U.S. banking regulators’ policies on incentive compensation are continuing to develop.

The federal bank regulatory agencies have issued joint guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act requires the federal bank regulatory agencies and the SEC to issue regulations or guidelines requiring covered financial institutions, including the Company and Summit Community, to prohibit incentive-based payment arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks by providing compensation that is excessive or that could lead to material financial loss to the institution. A proposed rule was issued in 2016. Also, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, in 2015, the SEC proposed rules that would direct stock exchanges to require listed companies to implement clawback policies to recover incentive-based compensation from current or former executive officers in the event of certain financial restatements and would also require companies to disclose their clawback policies and their actions under those policies. The Company continues to evaluate the proposed rules, both of which are subject to further rulemaking procedures.

Competition

We engage in highly competitive activities. Each activity and market served involves competition with other banks and savings institutions, as well as with non-banking and non-financial enterprises that offer financial products and services that compete directly with our products and services. We actively compete with other banks, mortgage companies and other financial service companies in our efforts to obtain deposits and make loans, in the scope and types of services offered, in interest rates paid on time deposits and charged on loans and in other aspects of banking.

 

Of particular note, banking laws limit the total amount we can lend to any one borrower generally to 15 percent of Summit Community’s Tier 1 capital plus its allowance for loan losses.  Summit Community evaluated the risks and rewards of lending up to this legal lending limit and established a self-imposed lending limit equal to 85 percent of its legal lending limit. Accordingly, institutions larger than Summit Community have a natural competitive advantage to serve the loan needs of larger clients as their legal lending limits are proportionally greater than ours.

In addition to competing with other banks and mortgage companies, we compete with other financial institutions engaged in the business of making loans or accepting deposits, such as savings and loan associations, credit unions, industrial loan associations, insurance companies, small loan companies, finance companies, real estate investment trusts, certain governmental agencies, credit card organizations and other enterprises.  In addition, competition for money market accounts from securities brokers has also intensified. Additional competition for deposits comes from government and private issues of debt obligations and other investment alternatives for depositors, such as money market funds.  We take an aggressive competitive posture and intend to continue vigorously competing for market share within our service areas by offering competitive rates and terms on both loans and deposits.

 

Employees

At February 28, 2020, we employed 383 full-time equivalent employees.

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Available Information

Our Internet website address is www.summitfgi.com and our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such filed reports with the SEC are accessible through this website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with the SEC.  The information on our website is not and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this report or incorporated into any other filing with the SEC.

These reports are available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Statistical Information

The information noted below is provided pursuant to Guide 3 – Statistical Disclosure by Bank Holding Companies. 

	Description of Information	Page Reference
1.	Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential
	a. Average Balance Sheets	28
	b. Analysis of Net Interest Earnings	27
	c. Rate Volume Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Expense	30
2.	Investment Portfolio
	a. Book Value of Investments	35
	b. Maturity Schedule of Investments	35
	c. Securities of Issuers Exceeding 10% of Shareholders’ Equity	34
3.	Loan Portfolio
	a. Types of Loans	33
	b. Maturities and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates	66
	c. Risk Elements	36
	d.  Other Interest Bearing Assets	n/a
4.	Summary of Loan Loss Experience	38
5.	Deposits
	a. Breakdown of Deposits by Categories, Average Balance and Average Rate Paid	28-29
	b. Maturity Schedule of Time Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposits of $100,000 or More	78
6.	Return on Equity and Assets	26
7.	Short-term Borrowings	78

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Item 1A.  Risk Factors

We, like other financial holding companies, are subject to a number of risks that may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operation, many of which are outside of our direct control, though efforts are made to manage those risks while optimizing returns. Among the risks assumed are: (i) credit risk, which is the risk of loss due to loan clients or other counterparties not being able to meet their financial obligations under agreed upon terms, (ii) market risk, which is the risk of loss due to changes in the market value of assets and liabilities due to changes in market interest rates, equity prices and credit spreads, (iii) liquidity risk, which is the risk of loss due to the possibility that funds may not be available to satisfy current or future commitments based on external market issues, investor and customer perception of financial strength and events unrelated to the Company such as war, terrorism, or financial institution market specific issues and (iv) operational risk, which is the risk of loss due to human error, inadequate or failed internal systems and controls, violations of, or noncompliance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, or ethical standards and external influences such as market conditions, fraudulent activities, disasters and security risks.

 

In addition to the other information included or incorporated by reference into this report, readers should carefully consider that the following important factors, among others, could materially impact our business, future results of operations and future cash flows.

 

RISKS RELATING TO THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

 

Our business may be adversely affected by conditions in financial markets and economic conditions generally.

 

Our business is concentrated in West Virginia and the Northern, Shenandoah Valley and Southwestern regions of Virginia.  As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are subject to changes if there are changes in the economic conditions in these areas.  A prolonged period of economic recession or other adverse economic conditions in these areas could have a negative impact on Summit.  A significant decline in general economic conditions nationally, caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences, pandemic disease, unemployment, changes in securities markets, declines in the housing market, a tightening credit environment or other factors could impact these local economic conditions and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.

 

Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships.  We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties and routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, or other institutional firms.  Defaults by financial services institutions and even rumors or questions about a financial institution or the financial services industry in general, have led to market wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or other institutions.  Any such losses could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

 

The value of certain investment securities is volatile and future declines or other-than-temporary impairments could have a materially adverse effect on future earnings and regulatory capital.

Volatility in the fair value for certain investment securities, whether caused by changes in market conditions, interest rates, credit risk of the issuer, the expected yield of the security, or actual defaults in the portfolio could result in significant fluctuations in the value of the securities as well as any regulatory rulemaking which could exclude or limit the holdings of certain investment securities. This could have a material adverse impact on our accumulated other comprehensive income and shareholders’ equity depending on the direction of the fluctuations. Furthermore, future downgrades, defaults or prepayments, including the liquidation of the underlying collateral in certain securities, could result in future classifications as other-than-temporarily impaired. This could have a material impact on our future earnings, although the impact on shareholders’ equity will be offset by any amount already included in other comprehensive income for securities that were temporarily impaired.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS

 

We are subject to extensive government regulation and supervision.

 

The Company and Summit Community are subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision, which vests a significant amount of discretion in the various regulatory authorities. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors and customers, the Federal Deposit Insurance fund and the banking system as a whole, not security holders. These

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regulations and supervisory guidance affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth, among other things. Congress and federal regulatory agencies continually review banking laws, regulations and policies for possible changes. The Dodd-Frank Act instituted major changes to the banking and financial institutions regulatory regimes. Other changes to statutes, regulations or regulatory policies or supervisory guidance, including changes in interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulations, policies or supervisory guidance, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such changes could subject us to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products we may offer and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, policies or supervisory guidance could result in enforcement and other legal actions by Federal or state authorities, including criminal and civil penalties, the loss of FDIC insurance, the revocation of a banking charter, other sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/or reputation damage. In this regard, government authorities, including the bank regulatory agencies, are pursuing aggressive enforcement actions with respect to compliance and other legal matters involving financial activities, which heightens the risks associated with actual and perceived compliance failures. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

See the section captioned “Supervision and Regulation” included in Item 1. Business on page 1.

 

We may become subject to additional regulatory restrictions in the event that our regulatory capital levels decline.

 

Although the Bank is qualified as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action as of December 31, 2019, there is no guarantee that we will not have a decline in our capital category in the future.  In the event of such a capital category decline, we would be subject to increased regulatory restrictions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or future prospects.

 

If a bank is classified as undercapitalized, the bank is required to submit a capital restoration plan to the FDIC.  Pursuant to FDICIA, an undercapitalized bank is prohibited from increasing its assets, engaging in a new line of business, acquiring any interest in any company or insured depository institution, or opening or acquiring a new branch office, except under certain circumstances, including the acceptance by the FDIC of a capital restoration plan for the bank. Furthermore, if a state non-member bank is classified as undercapitalized, the FDIC may take certain actions to correct the capital position of the bank; if a bank is classified as significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized, the FDIC would be required to take one or more prompt corrective actions.  These actions would include, among other things, requiring sales of new securities to bolster capital; improvements in management; limits on interest rates paid; prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; termination of certain risky activities and restrictions on compensation paid to executive officers.  If a bank is classified as critically undercapitalized, FDICIA requires the bank to be placed into conservatorship or receivership within ninety (90) days, unless the Federal Reserve determines that other action would better achieve the purposes of FDICIA regarding prompt corrective action with respect to undercapitalized banks.

 

Under FDICIA, banks may be restricted in their ability to accept brokered deposits, depending on their capital classification. “Well capitalized” banks are permitted to accept brokered deposits, but all banks that are not well capitalized could be restricted from accepting such deposits.  The FDIC may, on a case-by-case basis, permit banks that are adequately capitalized to accept brokered deposits if the FDIC determines that acceptance of such deposits would not constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice with respect to the bank.  These restrictions could materially and adversely affect our ability to access lower costs funds and thereby decrease our future earnings capacity.

 

Our financial flexibility could be severely constrained if we are unable to renew our wholesale funding or if adequate financing is not available in the future at acceptable rates of interest.  We may not have sufficient liquidity to continue to fund new loan originations and we may need to liquidate loans or other assets unexpectedly in order to repay obligations as they mature.  Our inability to obtain regulatory consent to accept or renew brokered deposits could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or future prospects and our ability to continue as a going concern.

Finally, the capital classification of a bank affects the frequency of examinations of the bank, the deposit insurance premiums paid by such bank and the ability of the bank to engage in certain activities, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or future prospects.  Under FDICIA, the FDIC is required to conduct a full-scope, on-site examination of every bank at least once every twelve (12) months.  

 

Our decisions regarding credit risk could be inaccurate and our allowance for loan losses may be inadequate, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or future prospects.

 

Our loan portfolio subjects us to credit risk.  Inherent risks in lending also include fluctuations in collateral values and economic downturns.  Making loans is an essential element of our business and there is a risk that our loans will not be repaid.

 

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We attempt to maintain an appropriate allowance for loan losses to provide for estimated probable credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio.  As of December 31, 2019, our allowance for loan losses totaled $13.1 million, which represents approximately 0.68% of our total loans.  There is no precise method of predicting loan losses and therefore, we always face the risk that losses in future periods will exceed our allowance for loan losses and that we would need to make additional provisions to our allowance for loan losses. Our methodology for the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is set forth in Note 8 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

The FDIC and the West Virginia Division of Financial Institutions review our allowance for loan and lease losses and may require us to establish additional allowances.  Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses will result in a decrease in our net earnings and capital and could hinder our ability to grow our assets.

 

We do business with other financial institutions that could experience financial difficulty.

We do business through check clearing and the purchase and sale of loan participations with other financial institutions.  Because these financial institutions have many risks, as do we, we could be adversely affected should one of these financial institutions experience significant financial difficulties or fail to comply with our agreements with them.

 

We may elect or be compelled to seek additional capital in the future, but capital may not be available when it is needed.

 

We are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations.  In addition, we may elect to raise additional capital to support our business or to finance acquisitions, if any, or we may otherwise elect to raise additional capital.  Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets, economic conditions and a number of other factors, many of which are outside our control and on our financial performance.  Accordingly, we cannot be assured of our ability to raise additional capital, if needed or on terms acceptable to us. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, it may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

We rely on funding sources to meet our liquidity needs, such as brokered deposits and FHLB borrowings, which are generally more sensitive to changes in interest rates and can be adversely affected by general economic conditions.

 

We have frequently utilized, as a source of funds, certificates of deposit obtained through third parties that solicit funds from their customers for deposit with us, or brokered deposits.  Brokered deposits, when compared to retail deposits attracted through a branch network, are generally more sensitive to changes in interest rates and volatility in the capital markets and could reduce our net interest spread and net interest margin.  In addition, brokered deposit funding sources may be more sensitive to significant changes in our financial condition.  As of December 31, 2019, brokered deposits totaled $150.6 million, or approximately 7.9% of our total deposits, compared to brokered deposits in the amount of $220.5 million or approximately 13.5% of our total deposits at December 31, 2018.  As of December 31, 2019, approximately $72.7 million in brokered deposits, or approximately 48.3% of our total brokered deposits, mature within one year.  Our ability to continue to acquire brokered deposits is subject to our ability to price these deposits at competitive levels, which may increase our funding costs and the confidence of the market.  In addition, if our capital ratios fall below the levels necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under current regulatory guidelines, we could be restricted from using brokered deposits as a funding source.

 

We also have borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh, or the FHLB.  As of December 31, 2019, our FHLB borrowings maturing within one year totaled $199.2 million.  If we were unable to borrow from the FHLB in the future, we may be required to seek higher cost funding sources, which could materially and adversely affect our net interest income.

 

One aspect of our liquidity management process is establishing contingent liquidity funding plans under various scenarios in order to prepare for unexpected liquidity shortages or events.   Page 39 of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations shows three “stressed” liquidity circumstances and our related contingency plans with respect to each.

We pursue a strategy of supplementing internal growth by acquiring other financial companies or their assets and liabilities that we believe will help us fulfill our strategic objectives and enhance our earnings. There are risks associated with this strategy.

As part of our general growth strategy, we have partially expanded our business through acquisitions. We completed the acquisition of Cornerstone Financial Services, Inc. ("Cornerstone") on January 1, 2020, the Peoples Bankshares, Inc. ("Peoples") acquisition on January 1, 2019, the First Century Bankshares, Inc. ("FCB") acquisition in April 2017 and the acquisition of Highland County Bankshares, Inc. ("HCB") in October 2016. Although our business strategy emphasizes organic

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expansion, we continue, from time to time in the ordinary course of business, to engage in preliminary discussions with potential acquisition targets. There can be no assurance that, in the future, we will successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, complete acquisitions and successfully integrate acquired operations into our existing operations or expand into new markets. The consummation of any future acquisitions may dilute shareholder value or may have an adverse effect upon our operating results while the operations of the acquired business are being integrated into our operations. In addition, once integrated, acquired operations may not achieve levels of profitability comparable to those achieved by our existing operations, or otherwise perform as expected. Further, transaction-related expenses may adversely affect our earnings. These adverse effects on our earnings and results of operations may have a negative impact on the value of our common stock. Acquiring banks, bank branches or other businesses involves risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including:

•	We may be exposed to potential asset quality issues or unknown or contingent liabilities of the banks, businesses, assets, and liabilities we acquire. If these issues or liabilities exceed our estimates, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially negatively affected;

•	Prices at which acquisitions can be made fluctuate with market conditions. We have experienced times during which acquisitions could not be made in specific markets at prices we considered acceptable and expect that we will experience this condition in the future;

•

The acquisition of other entities generally requires integration of systems, procedures and personnel of the acquired entity into our company to make the transaction economically successful. This integration process is complicated and time consuming and can also be disruptive to the customers of the acquired business. If the integration process is not conducted successfully and with minimal effect on the acquired business and its customers, we may not realize the anticipated economic benefits of particular acquisitions within the expected time frame, and we may lose customers or employees of the acquired business. We may also experience greater than anticipated customer losses even if the integration process is successful.

•	To the extent our costs of an acquisition exceed the fair value of the net assets acquired, the acquisition will generate goodwill. As discussed below, we are required to assess our goodwill for impairment at least annually, and any goodwill impairment charge could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition; and

•	To finance an acquisition, we may borrow funds, thereby increasing our leverage and diminishing our liquidity, or issue additional shares, which could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders.

The value of our goodwill and other intangible assets may decline.

Goodwill and other intangible assets are subject to a decline, perhaps even significantly, for several reasons including if there is a significant decline in our expected future cash flows, change in the business environment, or a material and sustained decline in the market value of our stock, which may require us to take future charges related to the impairment of that goodwill and other intangible assets in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of our operations.

We operate in a very competitive industry and market.

 

We face aggressive competition not only from banks, but also from other financial services companies, including finance companies and credit unions and, to a limited degree, from other providers of financial services, such as money market mutual funds, brokerage firms and consumer finance companies.  A number of competitors in our market areas are larger than we are and have substantially greater access to capital and other resources, as well as larger lending limits and branch systems and offer a wider array of banking services.  Many of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations that govern us.  As a result, these non-bank competitors have advantages over us in providing certain services.  Our profitability depends upon our ability to attract loans and deposits.  There is a risk that aggressive competition could result in our controlling a smaller share of our markets.  A decline in market share could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property.  During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans.  In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on those properties.  If hazardous or toxic substances are found, we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage.  Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property.  In addition, future laws or more stringent

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interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability.  The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Changes in interest rates could negatively impact our future earnings.

 

Changes in interest rates could reduce income and cash flow.  Our income and cash flow depend primarily on the difference between the interest earned on loans and investment securities and the interest paid on deposits and other borrowings.  Interest rates are beyond our control and they fluctuate in response to general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, in particular, the FRB.  Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, will influence loan originations, purchases of investments, volumes of deposits and rates received on loans and investment securities and paid on deposits.  Our results of operations may be adversely affected by increases or decreases in interest rates or by the shape of the yield curve.

Uncertainty relating to LIBOR calculation process and potential phasing out of LIBOR may adversely affect us.

On July 27, 2017, the Chief Executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calibration of LIBOR to the administrator of LIBOR after 2021. The announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. It is impossible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates may become acceptable alternatives to LIBOR and it is impossible to predict the effect of any such alternatives on the value of LIBOR-based securities and variable rate loans, debentures, or other securities or financial arrangements, given LIBOR's role in determining market interest rates globally. Uncertainty as to the nature of alternative reference rates and as to potential changes or other reforms to LIBOR may adversely affect LIBOR rates and the value of LIBOR-based loans and securities in our portfolio and may impact the availability and cost of hedging instruments and borrowings. If LIBOR rates are no longer available, and we are required to implement substitute indices for the calculation of interest rates under our loan agreements with our borrowers, we may incur significant expenses in effecting the transition, and may be subject to disputes or litigation with customers over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute indices, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

The repeal of Federal prohibitions on payment of interest on demand deposits could increase our interest expense as interest rates rise.

All federal prohibitions on the ability of financial institutions to pay interest on demand deposit accounts were repealed as part of the Dodd-Frank Act. We do not yet know what interest rates other institutions may offer as market interest rates begin to increase. Our interest expense will increase and our net interest margin will decrease if we begin offering interest on demand deposits to attract additional customers or maintain current customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely heavily on our management team and the unexpected loss of key officers could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or future prospects.

 

Our success has been and will continue to be greatly influenced by our ability to retain the services of existing senior management and, as we expand, to attract and retain qualified additional senior and middle management.  Our senior executive officers have been instrumental in the development and management of our business.  The loss of the services of any of our senior executive officers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or future prospects.

 

Our business may be adversely affected by increasing prevalence of fraud and other financial crimes.

As a financial institution, we are subject to risk of loss due to fraud and other financial crimes. Nationally, reported incidents of fraud and other financial crimes have increased. We believe we have controls in place to detect and prevent such losses but in some cases multi-party collusion or other sophisticated methods of hiding fraud, may not be readily detected or detectable, and could result in losses that affect our financial condition and results of our operations.

Financial crime is not limited to the financial services industry. Our customers could experience fraud in their businesses, which could materially impact their ability to repay their loans, and deposit customers in all financial institutions are constantly and unwittingly solicited by others in fraud schemes that vary from easily detectable and obvious attempts to high-level and very complex international schemes that could drain an account of a significant amount and require detailed financial forensics

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to unravel. While we have controls in place, contractual agreements with our customers partitioning liability, and insurance to help mitigate the risk, none of these are guarantees that we will not experience a loss, potentially a loss that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, reputation and results of our operations.

Our information systems may experience failure, interruption or breach in security.

In the ordinary course of business, we rely on electronic communications and information systems to conduct our operations and to store sensitive data. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of these systems could result in significant disruption to our operations. Information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents may include, but are not limited to, attempts to access information, including customer and company information, malicious code, computer viruses and denial of service attacks that could result in unauthorized access, misuse, loss or destruction of data (including confidential customer information), account takeovers, unavailability of service or other events. These types of threats may derive from human error, fraud or malice on the part of external or internal parties, or may result from accidental technological failure. Further, to access our products and services our customers may use computers and mobile devices that are beyond our security control systems. Our technologies, systems, networks and software and those of other financial institutions have been and are likely to continue to be, the target of cybersecurity threats and attacks, which may range from uncoordinated individual attempts to sophisticated and targeted measures directed at us. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, has increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased.

Our business requires the collection and retention of large volumes of customer data, including personally identifiable information in various information systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third parties with whom we contract to provide data services. We also maintain important internal company data such as personally identifiable information about our employees and information relating to our operations. The integrity and protection of that customer and company data is important to us. Our collection of such customer and company data is subject to extensive regulation and oversight.

Our customers and employees have been and will continue to be, targeted by parties using fraudulent e-mails and other communications in attempts to misappropriate passwords, bank account information or other personal information or to introduce viruses or other malware through "Trojan horse" programs to our information systems and/or our customers' computers. Though we endeavor to mitigate these threats through product improvements, use of encryption and authentication technology and customer and employee education, such cyber attacks against us or our merchants and our third party service providers remain a serious issue. The pervasiveness of cybersecurity incidents in general and the risks of cyber crime are complex and continue to evolve. More generally, publicized information concerning security and cyber-related problems could inhibit the use or growth of electronic or web-based applications or solutions as a means of conducting commercial transactions.

Although we make significant efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our information systems and have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because attempted security breaches, particularly cyber attacks and intrusions, or disruptions will occur in the future and because the techniques used in such attempts are constantly evolving and generally are not recognized until launched against a target and in some cases are designed not to be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures and thus it is virtually impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk. While we maintain specific “cyber” insurance coverage, which would apply in the event of various breach scenarios, the amount of coverage may not be adequate in any particular case. Furthermore, because cyber threat scenarios are inherently difficult to predict and can take many forms, some breaches may not be covered under our cyber insurance coverage. A security breach or other significant disruption of our information systems or those related to our customers, merchants and our third party vendors, including as a result of cyber attacks, could (i) disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our  operations and/or those of certain of our customers; (ii) result in the unauthorized access to and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or our customers; (iii) result in a violation of applicable privacy, data breach and other laws, subjecting us to additional regulatory scrutiny and expose the us to civil litigation, governmental fines and possible financial liability; (iv) require significant management attention and resources to remedy the damages that result; or (v) harm our reputation or cause a decrease in the number of customers that choose to do business with us. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The negative economic effects caused by terrorist attacks, including cyber attacks, potential attacks and other destabilizing events, would likely contribute to the deterioration of the quality of our loan portfolio and could reduce our customer base, level of deposits and demand for our financial products, such as loans.

 

High inflation, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, including cyber attacks, an escalation of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences and other factors could have a negative impact on the economy of the Mid-Atlantic regions in which we operate.  An additional economic downturn in our markets would likely contribute to the deterioration of the quality of our loan portfolio by impacting the ability of our customers to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans and may reduce the level of deposits in our bank and the stability of our deposit funding sources.  An additional economic downturn could also have a significant impact on the demand for our products and services.  The cumulative effect of these matters on our results of operations and financial condition could be adverse and material.

We are dependent upon third parties for certain information system, data management and processing services and to provide key components of our business infrastructure.

We outsource certain information system and data management and processing functions to third party providers. These third party service providers are sources of operational and informational security risk to us, including risks associated with operational errors, information system interruptions or breaches and unauthorized disclosures of sensitive or confidential client or customer information. If third party service providers encounter any of these issues, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, we could be exposed to disruption of operations, loss of service or connectivity to customers, reputational damage and litigation risk that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or our business.

Third party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure such as internet connections, network access and core application processing. While we have selected these third party vendors carefully, we do not control their actions.

These services must be available on a continuous and timely basis and be in compliance with any regulatory requirements. Failure to do so could substantially harm our business.

We often purchase services from vendors under agreements that typically can be terminated on a periodic basis. There can be no assurance, however, that vendors will be able to meet their obligations under these agreements or that we will be able to compel them to do so. Risks of relying on vendors include the following:

•	If an existing agreement expires or a certain service is discontinued by a vendor, then we may not be able to continue to offer our customers the same breadth of products and our operating results would likely suffer unless we are able to find an alternate supply of a similar service.

•	Agreements we may negotiate in the future may commit us to certain minimum spending obligations. It is possible that we will not be able to create the market demand to meet such obligations.

•	If market demand for our products increases suddenly, our current vendors might not be able to fulfill our commercial needs, which would require us to seek new arrangements or new sources of supply and may result in substantial delays in meeting market demand.

•	We may not be able to control or adequately monitor the quality of services we receive from our vendors. Poor quality services could damage our reputation with our customers.

Potential problems with vendors such as those discussed above could have a significant adverse effect on our business, lead to higher costs and damage our reputation with our customers and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in accounting standards could impact reported earnings.

The accounting standard setting bodies, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other regulatory bodies, periodically change the financial accounting and reporting standards affecting the preparation of financial statements.  These changes are not within our control and could materially impact our financial statements.

Our business is dependent on technology and our inability to invest in technological improvements may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services.  In addition to better serving customers, the effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to reduce costs.  Our future success depends in part upon our ability to address the needs of our customers

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by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience, as well as create additional efficiencies in its operations.  Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements.  We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers, which may negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

 

Our potential inability to integrate companies we may acquire in the future could have a negative effect on our expenses and results of operations.

 

On occasion, we may engage in a strategic acquisition when we believe there is an opportunity to strengthen and expand our business. To fully benefit from such acquisition, however, we must integrate the administrative, financial, sales, lending, collections and marketing functions of the acquired company.  If we are unable to successfully integrate an acquired company, we may not realize the benefits of the acquisition and our financial results may be negatively affected.  A completed acquisition may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, including our capital requirements and the accounting treatment of the acquisition.  Completed acquisitions may also lead to significant unexpected liabilities after the consummation of these acquisitions.

RISKS RELATING TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR SECURITIES

 

Our ability to pay dividends is limited.

 

We are a separate and distinct legal entity from our subsidiaries. We receive substantially all of our revenue from dividends from our subsidiary bank, Summit Community.  These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on our common stock and interest and principal on our debt.  Various federal and/or state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that Summit Community may pay to Summit.  Also, Summit’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors.  In the event Summit Community is unable to pay dividends to us, we may not be able to service debt, pay obligations or pay dividends on our common stock.  The inability to receive dividends from Summit Community could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our stock price can be volatile.

 

Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for our shareholders to resell their common stock when they want and at prices they find attractive.  Our stock price can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, general market fluctuations, industry factors and general economic and political conditions and events, interest rate changes, credit loss trends, or changes in government regulations.

The trading volume in our common stock is less than that of larger financial services companies.

Although our common stock is listed for trading on the NASDAQ, the trading volume in our common stock is less than that of larger financial services companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our common stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors over which we have no control. Given the lower trading volume of our common stock, significant sales of our common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause our stock price to fluctuate.

Our executive officers and directors own shares of our common stock, allowing management to have an impact on our corporate affairs.

 

As of February 20, 2020 our executive officers and directors beneficially own 15.73% (computed in accordance with Exchange Act Rule 13d-3) of the outstanding shares of our common stock.  Accordingly, these executive officers and directors will be able to impact the outcome of all matters required to be submitted to our shareholders for approval, including decisions relating to the election of directors, the determination of our day-to-day corporate and management policies and other significant corporate transactions.

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There may be future sales of additional common stock or preferred stock or other dilution of our equity, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

Our board of directors is authorized to cause us to issue additional classes or series of preferred shares without any action on the part of the shareholders.  The board of directors also has the power, without shareholder approval, to set the terms of any such classes or series of preferred shares that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights and preferences over the common stock with respect to dividends or upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our business and other terms.  If we issue preferred shares in the future that have a preference over the common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or if we issue preferred shares with voting rights that dilute the voting power of the common stock, the rights of holders of the common stock or the market price of the common stock could be adversely affected.

 

The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of common stock or preferred stock or similar securities in the market or the perception that such sales could occur. 

 

Holders of our junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those of our shareholders.

 

We have three statutory business trusts that were formed for the purpose of issuing mandatorily redeemable securities (the “capital securities”) for which we are obligated to third-party investors and investing the proceeds from the sale of the capital securities in our junior subordinated debentures (the “debentures”).  The debentures held by the trusts are their sole assets.  Our subordinated debentures of these unconsolidated statutory trusts totaled approximately $19.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

 

Distributions on the capital securities issued by the trusts are payable quarterly, at the variable interest rates specified in those certain securities.  The capital securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the debentures.

Payments of the principal and interest on the trust preferred securities of the statutory trusts are conditionally guaranteed by us.  The junior subordinated debentures are senior to our shares of common stock.  As a result, we must make payments on the junior subordinated debentures before any dividends can be paid on our common stock and, in the event of our bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the junior subordinated debentures must be satisfied before any distributions can be made on our common stock.  We have the right to defer distributions on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) for up to five (5) years, during which time no dividends may be paid on our common stock.  In 2019, our total interest payments on these junior subordinated debentures approximated $961,000.  Based on current rates, our quarterly interest payment obligation on our junior subordinated debentures is approximately $210,000.

The capital securities held by our three trust subsidiaries qualify as Tier 1 capital under FRB guidelines.  In accordance with these guidelines, trust preferred securities generally are limited to twenty-five percent (25%) of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill.  The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit can be included in Tier 2 capital.

Provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation could delay or prevent a takeover of us by a third party.

Our amended and restated articles of incorporation could delay, defer or prevent a third party from acquiring us, despite the possible benefit to our shareholders, or could otherwise adversely affect the price of our common stock.  For example, our amended and restated articles of incorporation contain advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our Board of Directors. We also have a staggered board of directors, which means that only one-third (1/3) of our Board of Directors can be replaced by shareholders at any annual meeting.

OTHER RISKS

Additional factors could have a negative effect on our financial performance and the value of our common stock.  These factors include, but are not limited to, general economic and financial market conditions, continuing consolidation in the financial services industry, new litigation or changes in existing litigation, regulatory actions and losses.

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Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2.  Properties

Our principal executive office is located at 300 North Main Street, Moorefield, West Virginia, in a building owned by Summit Community.  Summit Community’s headquarters and branch locations occupy offices which are either owned or operated under lease arrangements.  At December 31, 2019, Summit Community operated 32 banking offices.  

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	Number of Offices
Office Location	Owned			Leased			Total
Summit Community Bank
Moorefield, West Virginia	1			—			1
Mathias, West Virginia	1			—			1
Franklin, West Virginia	1			—			1
Petersburg, West Virginia	1			—			1
Charleston, West Virginia	2			—			2
Rainelle, West Virginia	1			—			1
Rupert, West Virginia	1			—			1
Winchester, Virginia	1			1			2
Leesburg, Virginia	1			—			1
Harrisonburg, Virginia	2			—			2
Warrenton, Virginia	—			1			1
Martinsburg, West Virginia	1			—			1
Monterey, Virginia	1			—			1
Hot Springs, Virginia	1			—			1
Churchville, Virginia	—			1			1
Bluefield, West Virginia	2			—			2
Princeton, West Virginia	2			—			2
Oceana, West Virginia	1			—			1
Pineville, West Virginia	1			—			1
Bluefield, Virginia	1			—			1
Wytheville, Virginia	1			—			1
Max Meadows, Virginia	1			—			1
Hinton, West Virginia	1			—			1
Beckley, West Virginia	1			—			1
Christiansburg, Virginia	—			1			1
Mullens, West Virginia	1			—			1
MacArthur, West Virginia	1			—			1

We believe that the premises occupied by us and our subsidiary generally are well located and suitably equipped to serve as financial services facilities.  See Notes 9 and 10 of our consolidated financial statements beginning on page 76.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

Information required by this item is set forth under the caption "Legal Contingencies" in Note 17 of our consolidated financial statements beginning on page 85.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II.

Item 5.  Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Stock Dividend and Market Price Information:  Our stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SMMF.”  

As of February 28, 2020, there were approximately 1,187 shareholders of record of Summit’s common stock.

Purchases of Summit Equity Securities:  We sponsor a qualified Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), which enables eligible employees to acquire shares of our common stock.  The cost of the ESOP is borne by us through annual contributions to an Employee Stock Ownership Trust in amounts determined by the Board of Directors. The Employee Stock Ownership Trust makes regular purchases of our common stock as excess funds within the plan are available.

Performance Graph: Set forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total return of Summit's common stock assuming reinvestment of dividends, with that of the NASDAQ Composite Index ("NASDAQ Composite"), and the SNL Small Cap U.S. Bank Index for the five year period ending December 31, 2019.

The cumulative total shareholder return assumes a $100 investment on December 31, 2014 in the common stock of Summit and each index and the cumulative return is measured as of each subsequent fiscal year-end. There is no assurance that Summit's common stock performance will continue in the future with the same or similar trends as depicted in the graph.

	For the Year Ended
Index	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019
Summit Financial Group, Inc.	100.00	102.62	243.00	236.79	177.67	254.86
NASDAQ Composite	100.00	106.96	116.45	150.96	146.67	200.49
SNL Small Cap U.S. Bank	100.00	109.52	155.27	162.85	145.94	176.97

The  Stock Performance Graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that Summit specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

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Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

The following consolidated selected financial data is derived from our audited financial statements as of and for each of the five (5) years ended December 31, 2019.  The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this report.

	For the Year Ended (unless otherwise noted)
Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts	2019				2018				2017				2016				2015
Summary of Operations
Interest income	$	107,071			$	95,409			$	84,527			$	64,091			$	58,883
Interest expense	29,987				25,612				18,380				15,084				12,867
Net interest income	77,084				69,797				66,147				49,007				46,016
Provision for loan losses	1,550				2,250				1,250				500				1,250
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	75,534				67,547				64,897				48,507				44,766
Noninterest income	19,203				17,422				14,427				11,600				11,861
Noninterest expense	55,154				49,873				57,745				34,802				33,632
Income before income taxes	39,583				35,096				21,579				25,305				22,995
Income tax expense	7,717				7,024				9,664				8,008				6,893
Net income applicable to common shares	$	31,866			$	28,072			$	11,915			$	17,297			$	16,102
Balance Sheet Data (at year end)
Assets	$	2,403,492			$	2,200,586			$	2,134,240			$	1,758,647			$	1,492,429
Debt securities available for sale	276,355				293,147				328,586				266,405				280,715
Loans, net	1,900,425				1,682,005				1,593,744				1,307,862				1,079,331
Deposits	1,913,237				1,634,826				1,600,601				1,295,519				1,066,709
Short-term borrowings	199,345				309,084				250,499				224,461				171,394
Long-term borrowings	717				735				45,751				46,670				75,581
Shareholders' equity	247,764				219,830				201,505				155,360				143,744
Credit Quality
Net loan charge-offs	$	1,523			$	1,768			$	359			$	298			$	945
Nonperforming assets	30,803				36,462				36,861				39,090				41,340
Allowance for loan losses	13,074				13,047				12,565				11,674				11,472
Per Share Data
Earnings per share
Basic earnings	$	2.55			$	2.27			$	1.00			$	1.62			$	1.56
Diluted earnings	2.53				2.26				1.00				1.61				1.50
Book value per common share (at year end)	19.97				17.85				16.30				14.47				13.48
Tangible book value per common share (at year end)	18.11				15.75				14.08				13.20				12.78
Cash dividends	$	0.59			$	0.53			$	0.44			$	0.40			$	0.32
Performance Ratios
Return on average equity	13.43		%		13.43		%		6.40		%		11.53		%		11.62		%
Return on average tangible equity	15.65		%		16.09		%		8.01		%		12.38		%		12.39		%
Return on average assets	1.40		%		1.32		%		0.59		%		1.08		%		1.10		%
Equity to assets	10.3		%		10.0		%		9.4		%		8.8		%		9.6		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets	9.4		%		8.9		%		8.3		%		8.1		%		9.2		%
Dividend payout ratio	23.1		%		23.3		%		44.0		%		24.7		%		21.1		%

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Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains comments or information that constitute forward looking statements (within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Act of 1995) that are based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and uncertainties.  Words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “should”, “would” and “could” are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.  The Private Securities Litigation Act of 1995 indicates that the disclosure of forward-looking information is desirable for investors and encourages such disclosure by providing a safe harbor for forward-looking statements by us.  In order to comply with the terms of the safe harbor, we note that a variety of factors could cause our actual results and experience to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in those forward-looking statements.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in such forward looking statements are reasonable, actual results may differ materially.  Factors that might cause such a difference include changes in interest rates and interest rate relationships; demand for products and services; the degree of competition by traditional and non-traditional competitors; changes in banking laws and regulations; changes in tax laws; the impact of technological advances; the outcomes of contingencies; trends in customer behavior as well as their ability to repay loans; and changes in the national and local economy.

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

We are a $2.40 billion community-based financial services company providing a full range of banking and other financial services to individuals and businesses through our our community bank, Summit Community Bank, Inc., which has a total of 36 banking offices located in West Virginia and Virginia.  We have a trust and wealth management division offering trust services and other non-bank financial products principally within our community bank's market area. Summit Financial Group, Inc. employs 383 full time equivalent employees.

OVERVIEW

Our primary source of income is net interest income from loans and deposits.  Business volumes tend to be influenced by the overall economic factors including market interest rates, business spending and consumer confidence, as well as competitive conditions within the marketplace.

Key Items in 2019

•	Our earnings per diluted share increased from $2.26 in 2018 to $2.53 in 2019.

•	Our return on average equity remained unchanged at 13.43% and return on average tangible equity decreased from 16.09% to 15.65%.

•	2019 net income was $31.87 million ($2.53 per diluted share) compared to $28.07 million ($2.26 per diluted share) in 2018.

•	Net interest margin increased 9 basis points in 2019, principally due to a 20 basis point increase in yield on interest earning assets compared to a 16 basis point increase in our funding costs.

•	Net revenues increased $9.1 million, or 10.4 percent during 2019 primarily as result of increased interest income related to loan growth and the Peoples Bankshares, Inc. ("PBI") acquisition.

•	We achieved loan growth, excluding mortgage warehouse lines of credit, of 7.9 percent, or $131.4 million during 2019.

•	Nonperforming assets declined to their lowest level since 2008, representing 1.28 percent of total assets at year end 2019 compared to 1.66 percent at the prior year end.

•	During 2019, provisions for loan losses decreased by $700,000, which reflects improved overall credit quality of our loan portfolio.

•	Cash dividends paid on our common stock in 2019 totaled $0.59 per share compared to $0.53 paid per share in 2018.

•	On September 17, 2019, we entered into a Definitive Merger Agreement with West Union, West Virginia-based Cornerstone Financial Services, Inc. ("Cornerstone") and its subsidiary, Cornerstone Bank. The transaction closed on January 1, 2020. At consummation, Cornerstone had total assets of $195.0 million, loans of $39.8 million and deposits of $173.0 million.

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•

On November 22, 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement under which Summit Community Bank, Inc., a subsidiary of Summit Financial Group, Inc., will acquire three MVB Bank locations in Berkeley County, West Virginia and one MVB Bank location in Jefferson County, West Virginia. The transaction is expected to close early second quarter, 2020. Summit will assume certain deposits and loans whose balances at September 30, 2019, were approximately $181 million and $46 million, respectively.

OUTLOOK

The year just concluded represents another significant milestone relative to Summit’s goal to be a consistent growth, high-performing community banking institution. Our solid lending activity and strong core operating performance of the past year offer significant evidence of our progress. In addition, our acquisition strategy continued to present us with significant opportunities for ongoing performance enhancement. Looking forward to 2020, while we could be challenged by a variety of potential economic uncertainties, we anticipate sustaining our recent positive trends with respect to:  revenue growth, loan portfolio growth, a relatively stable net interest margin, low overhead, and reductions in overall levels of problem assets.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and follow general practices within the financial services industry.  Application of these principles requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes.  These estimates, assumptions and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; accordingly, as this information changes, the financial statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions and judgments.  Certain policies inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported.

Our most significant accounting policies are presented in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.  These policies, along with the other disclosures presented in the financial statement notes and in this financial review, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined.

Based on the valuation techniques used and the sensitivity of financial statement amounts to the methods, assumptions and estimates underlying those amounts, we have identified the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of goodwill, fair value measurements and accounting for acquired loans to be the accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and as such could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available.

Allowance for Loan Losses:  The allowance for loan losses represents our estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  Determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses is considered a critical accounting estimate because it requires significant judgment and the use of estimates related to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on pools of homogeneous loans based on historical loss experience and consideration of current economic trends and conditions, all of which may be susceptible to significant change.  The loan portfolio also represents the largest asset type on our consolidated balance sheet.  To the extent actual outcomes differ from our estimates, additional provisions for loan losses may be required that would negatively impact earnings in future periods.  Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements describes the methodology used to determine the allowance for loan losses and a discussion of the factors driving changes in the amount of the allowance for loan losses is included in the Asset Quality section of this financial review.

We cannot assure you that future goodwill impairment tests will not result in a charge to earnings. See Note 11 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our intangible assets, which include goodwill.

Fair Value Measurements:  Fair value is based upon the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, including, but not limited to, property held for sale, impaired loans and derivatives. Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, we classify our financial assets and liabilities measured and disclosed at fair value in accordance with a three-level hierarchy (e.g., Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3) . Fair value determination requires that we make a number of significant judgments. In determining the fair value of financial instruments, we use market prices of the same or similar instruments whenever such prices are available. We do not use prices involving distressed sellers in determining fair value. If observable market prices are unavailable or impracticable to obtain, then fair value is estimated using modeling techniques such as discounted cash flow analyses. These modeling techniques incorporate our assessments

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regarding assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or the liability, including assumptions about the risks inherent in a particular valuation technique and the risk of nonperformance.

 

Fair value is used on a recurring basis for certain assets and liabilities in which fair value is the primary basis of accounting. Additionally, fair value is used on a non-recurring basis to evaluate assets or liabilities for impairment or for disclosure purposes.

 

Accounting for Acquired Loans: Loans acquired are initially recorded at their acquisition date fair values. The fair value of the acquired loans are based on the present value of the expected cash flows, including principal, interest and prepayments. Periodic principal and interest cash flows are adjusted for expected losses and prepayments, then discounted to determine the present value and summed to arrive at the estimated fair value. Fair value estimates involve assumptions and judgments as to credit risk, interest rate risk, prepayment risk, liquidity risk, default rates, loss severity, payment speeds, collateral values and discount rate.

Acquired loans are divided into loans with evidence of credit quality deterioration (acquired impaired) and loans that do not meet this criteria (acquired performing). Acquired impaired loans have experienced a deterioration of credit quality from origination to acquisition for which it is probable that we will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable, including both principal and interest. In the assessment of credit quality, numerous assumptions, interpretations and judgments must be made, based on internal and third-party credit quality information and ultimately the determination as to the probability that all contractual cash flows will not be able to be collected. This is a point in time assessment and inherently subjective due to the nature of the available information and judgment involved.

Subsequent to the acquisition date, we continue to estimate the amount and timing of cash flows expected to be collected on acquired impaired loans. Increases in expected cash flows will generally result in a recovery of any previously recorded allowance for loan losses, to the extent applicable, and/or a reclassification from the nonaccretable difference to accretable yield, which will be recognized prospectively. The present value of any decreases in expected cash flows after the acquisition date will generally result in an impairment charge recorded as a provision for loan losses, resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses.

For acquired performing loans, the difference between the acquisition date fair value and the contractual amounts due at the acquisition date represents the fair value adjustment. Fair value adjustments may be discounts (or premiums) to a loan’s cost basis and are accreted (or amortized) to interest income over the loan’s remaining life using the level yield method. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the methods utilized to estimate the required allowance for loan losses for these loans is similar to originated loans.

See Note 3 and Note 7 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our acquired loans.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Earnings Summary

Net income increased 13.5% during 2019 to $31.9 million, compared to $28.1 million in 2018, which was 135.6% more than 2017's $11.9 million. Net income was $2.53, $2.26 and $1.00 per diluted share for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, representing a 11.9% increase in 2019 and 126.0% increase in 2018. Return on average equity was 13.43% in both 2019 and 2018 compared to 6.40% in 2017. Return on average assets for the year ended December 31, 2019 was 1.40% compared to 1.32% in 2018 and 0.59% in 2017.

2019 net income was positively impacted by higher net interest income of $7.3 million (or $0.58 per diluted share), $1.3 million (or $0.10 per diluted share) higher realized securities gains and the $1.9 million pre-tax (or $0.15 per diluted share) gain recognized on the sale of our former insurance subsidiary, Summit Insurance Services, LLC. Lower insurance commission revenue of $2.4 million (or $0.19 per diluted share) and higher writedowns of OREO properties of $1.3 million (or $0.10 per diluted share) partially offset these positive impacts.

2018 net income was positively impacted by higher net interest income of $3.7 million (or $0.29 per diluted share), $790,000 growth in trust and wealth management fees ($0.06 per diluted share), $522,000 increased deposit account-related fees ($0.08 per diluted share) and $2.6 million ($0.25 per diluted share) in lower income tax expense as result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act's (“TCJA”) lower income tax rates. Excluding 2017's litigation charge, higher total noninterest expense of $2.0 million ($0.16 per diluted share) partially offset these positive impacts.

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Included in 2017's net income were a $9.9 million pre-tax ($6.2 million after-tax or $0.52 per diluted share) litigation settlement charge, $3.5 million ($0.29 per diluted share) preliminary income tax charge due to enactment of the TCJA, and $1.6 million ($0.08 per diluted share) of merger related expenses. A summary of the significant factors influencing our results of operations and related ratios is included in the following discussion.

Net Interest Income

The major component of our net earnings is net interest income, which is the excess of interest earned on earning assets over the interest expense incurred on interest bearing sources of funds.  Net interest income is affected by changes in volume, resulting from growth and alterations of the balance sheet's composition, fluctuations in interest rates and maturities of sources and uses of funds.  We seek to maximize net interest income through management of our balance sheet components.  This is accomplished by determining the optimal product mix with respect to yields on assets and costs of funds in light of projected economic conditions, while maintaining portfolio risk at an acceptable level.

Net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis, average balance sheet amounts and corresponding average yields on interest earning assets and costs of interest bearing liabilities for the years 2015 through 2019 are presented in Table I.  Table II presents, for the periods indicated, the changes in interest income and expense attributable to (a) changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior period rate) and (b) changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by prior period volume).  Changes in interest income and expense attributable to both rate and volume have been allocated between the factors in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

Net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis totaled $78.0 million, $71.1 million and $68.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, representing an increase of 9.7% in 2019 and 3.7% in 2018.  During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the volumes of both interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities increased.

During 2019, our earnings on interest earning assets increased $11.3 million due to both higher volumes and higher yields, while the cost of interest bearing liabilities increased $4.4 million due to higher cost of funds.

During 2018, our earnings on interest earning assets increased $9.7 million due to both higher volumes and higher yields, while the cost of interest bearing liabilities increased $7.2 million due to higher cost of funds.

During 2017, our earnings on interest earning assets increased $21.3 million due to both higher volumes and higher yields, while the cost of interest bearing liabilities increased $3.3 million due to higher volumes of interest bearing deposits.

Total average earning assets increased 7.3% to $2.13 billion for 2019 from $1.99 billion in 2018.  Total average interest bearing liabilities increased 5.6% to $1.78 billion at December 31, 2019, compared to $1.69 billion at December 31, 2018. 

Our net interest margin was 3.66% for 2019 compared to 3.57% and 3.67% for 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Our net interest margin increased 9 basis points during 2019 as the yields on interest earning assets increased 20 basis points while the cost of funds increased 16 basis points. Our net interest margin decreased 10 basis points during 2018 as the cost of funds increased 37 basis points while yields on interest earning assets increased 21 basis points. The 2018 increase in yields on interest earning assets was negatively impacted by lower taxable equivalent adjustments to interest earned on tax-exempt securities and loans as a result of enactment of the TCJA in late 2017, which lowered our statutory corporate Federal income tax rate effective January 1, 2018, from 35% to 21%.

Assuming no significant unanticipated changes in market interest rates, we expect growth in our net interest income to continue over the near term primarily due to continuing expected growth in earning assets, primarily loans. We continue to monitor the net interest margin through net interest income simulation to minimize the potential for any significant negative impact.  

See the “Market Risk Management” section for discussion of the impact changes in market interest rates could have on us.  Further analysis of our yields on interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities are presented in Tables I and II below.

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Table I - Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Income Analysis
Interest Earnings & Expenses and Average Yields/Rates
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017				2016				2015
ASSETS
Interest earning assets
Loans, net of unearned interest (1)
Taxable	$	1,782,477			$	1,626,725			$	1,480,601			$	1,177,445			$	1,049,172
Tax-exempt (2)	15,315				15,776				14,899				14,628				13,706
Securities
Taxable	205,340				170,912				200,596				202,795				209,316
Tax-exempt (2)	90,823				136,913				129,342				79,571				77,280
Interest bearing deposits with other banks	39,408				38,148				43,400				19,211				8,878
	2,133,363				1,988,474				1,868,838				1,493,650				1,358,352
Noninterest earning assets
Cash and due from banks	12,939				9,517				8,492				3,968				3,839
Premises and equipment	41,778				36,025				31,750				21,858				20,707
Other assets	107,456				107,856				109,456				90,957				94,996
Allowance for loan losses	(13,225		)		(12,830		)		(12,196		)		(10,836		)		(11,307		)
Total assets	$	2,282,311			$	2,129,042			$	2,006,340			$	1,599,597			$	1,466,587
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities
Interest bearing demand deposits	$	586,938			$	471,725			$	358,225			$	220,708			$	208,160
Savings deposits	317,569				320,184				363,949				306,312				255,186
Time deposits	660,910				621,659				609,156				491,652				481,732
Short-term borrowings	194,450				228,142				205,743				190,876				151,102
Long-term borrowings and subordinated    debentures	20,315				44,132				65,629				92,343				99,805
	1,780,182				1,685,842				1,602,702				1,301,891				1,195,985
Noninterest bearing liabilities
Demand deposits	244,559				218,541				200,707				128,894				116,995
Other liabilities	20,341				15,574				16,669				18,795				15,024
Total liabilities	2,045,082				1,919,957				1,820,078				1,449,580				1,328,004
Shareholders' equity - preferred	—				—				—				—				1,786
Shareholders' equity - common	237,229				209,085				186,262				150,017				136,797
Total shareholders' equity	237,229				209,085				186,262				150,017				138,583
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,282,311			$	2,129,042			$	2,006,340			$	1,599,597			$	1,466,587
Net Interest Earnings
Net Interest Margin

(1)	For purposes of this table, nonaccrual loans are included in average loan balances. Included in interest and fees on loans are loan fees of $960,000, $839,000 and $998,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(2)

For purposes of this table, interest income on tax-exempt securities and loans has been adjusted assuming a Federal tax rate of 21% for 2019 and 2018 , 35% for 2017 and 34% for all other years presented. The taxable equivalent adjustment results in an increase in interest income of $922,000, $1,280,000, $2,413,000, $1,589,000 and $1,542,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

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					Interest Earnings/Expense																			Average Yield/Rate
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017				2016				2015				2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
ASSETS
Interest earning assets
Loans, net of unearned interest (1)
Taxable	$	96,499			$	84,716			$	74,365			$	56,439			$	51,554			5.41	%		5.21	%		5.02	%		4.79	%		4.91	%
Tax-exempt (2)	780				718				835				820				779				5.09	%		4.55	%		5.60	%		5.61	%		5.68	%
Securities
Taxable	6,511				5,341				5,071				4,395				4,328				3.17	%		3.13	%		2.53	%		2.17	%		2.07	%
Tax-exempt (2)	3,608				5,375				6,060				3,853				3,756				3.97	%		3.93	%		4.69	%		4.84	%		4.86	%
Interest bearing deposits with other banks	595				539				609				173				8				1.51	%		1.41	%		1.40	%		0.90	%		0.09	%
Total assets	107,993				96,689				86,940				65,680				60,425				5.06	%		4.86	%		4.65	%		4.40	%		4.45	%
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities
Interest bearing demand deposits	$	6,394			$	4,205			$	1,169			$	376			$	251			1.09	%		0.89	%		0.33	%		0.17	%		0.12	%
Savings deposits	3,969				3,233				2,563				2,296				1,781				1.25	%		1.01	%		0.70	%		0.75	%		0.70	%
Time deposits	13,334				10,237				7,478				6,292				6,304				2.02	%		1.65	%		1.23	%		1.28	%		1.31	%
Short-term borrowings	5,303				5,993				4,473				2,288				525				2.73	%		2.63	%		2.17	%		1.20	%		0.35	%
Long-term borrowings subordinated   debentures	987				1,944				2,697				3,832				4,007				4.86	%		4.40	%		4.11	%		4.15	%		4.01	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	29,987				25,612				18,380				15,084				12,868				1.68	%		1.52	%		1.15	%		1.16	%		1.08	%
Net Interest Earnings	$	78,006			$	71,077			$	68,560			$	50,596			$	47,557
Net Interest Margin																					3.66	%		3.57	%		3.67	%		3.39	%		3.50	%

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Table II - Changes in Interest Margin Attributable to Rate and Volume
	2019 Versus 2018												2018 Versus 2017
	Increase (Decrease)												Increase (Decrease)
	Due to Change in:												Due to Change in:
Dollars in thousands	Volume				Rate				Net				Volume				Rate				Net
Interest earned on
Loans
Taxable	$	8,338			$	3,445			$	11,783			$	7,536			$	2,815			$	10,351
Tax-exempt	(21		)		83				62				47				(164		)		(117		)
Securities
Taxable	1,091				79				1,170				(818		)		1,088				270
Tax-exempt	(1,830		)		63				(1,767		)		340				(1,025		)		(685		)
Interest bearing deposits with other banks	18				38				56				(74		)		4				(70		)
Total interest earned on interest earning assets	7,596				3,708				11,304				7,031				2,718				9,749
Interest paid on
Interest bearing demand deposits	1,146				1,043				2,189				469				2,567				3,036
Savings deposits	(26		)		762				736				(337		)		1,007				670
Time deposits	678				2,419				3,097				156				2,603				2,759
Short-term borrowings	(912		)		222				(690		)		522				998				1,520
Long-term borrowings and subordinated debentures	(1,140		)		183				(957		)		(935		)		182				(753		)
Total interest paid on interest bearing liabilities	(254		)		4,629				4,375				(125		)		7,357				7,232
Net interest income	$	7,850			$	(921	)		$	6,929			$	7,156			$	(4,639	)		$	2,517

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income totaled 0.84%, 0.82% and 0.72%, of average assets in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.   Noninterest income totaled $19.2 million in 2019 compared to $17.4 million in 2018 and $14.4 million in 2017. The 2019 increase is primarily due to gains realized on securities and the sale of Summit Insurance Services while the 2018 increase is principally due to higher trust and wealth management fees and service fees related to deposit accounts as a result of the FCB acquisition in Q2 2017. Further detail regarding noninterest income is reflected in the following table.

Table III - Noninterest Income
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
Insurance commissions	$	1,911			$	4,320			$	4,005
Trust and wealth management fees	2,564				2,653				1,863
Service charges on deposit accounts	5,094				4,631				4,109
Bank card revenue	3,536				3,152				2,697
Realized securities gains (losses), net	1,938				622				(14		)
Gain on sale of Summit Insurance Services, LLC	1,906				—				—
Bank owned life insurance income	1,044				1,022				1,017
Other	1,210				1,022				750
Total	$	19,203			$	17,422			$	14,427

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense totaled $55.2 million, $49.9 million and $57.7 million, or 2.4%, 2.3% and 2.9% of average assets for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.  Total noninterest expense increased $5.3 million in 2019 compared to 2018 and decreased $7.9 million in 2018 compared to 2017.  Our most notable changes in noninterest expense during 2019 were increased salaries, commissions and employee benefits, decreased FDIC premiums, higher foreclosed properties expenses and increases in other expenses.  Table IV below presents a summary of our noninterest expenses for the past 3 years and the related year-over-year changes in each such expense.

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Table IV - Noninterest Expense
					Change											Change
Dollars in thousands	2019				$				%			2018				$				%			2017
Salaries, commissions and employee benefits	$	29,066			$	1,588			5.8	%		$	27,478			$	2,403			9.6	%		$	25,075
Net occupancy expense	3,417				53				1.6	%		3,364				353				11.7	%		3,011
Equipment expense	4,972				561				12.7	%		4,411				457				11.6	%		3,954
Professional fees	1,678				71				4.4	%		1,607				240				17.6	%		1,367
Advertising and public relations	698				44				6.7	%		654				76				13.1	%		578
Amortization of intangibles	1,701				30				1.8	%		1,671				261				18.5	%		1,410
FDIC premiums	88				(742		)		(89.4	)%		830				(235		)		(22.1	)%		1,065
Bank card expense	1,820				345				23.4	%		1,475				43				3.0	%		1,432
Foreclosed properties expense, net of gains/losses	2,498				1,148				85.0	%		1,350				11				0.8	%		1,339
Litigation settlement	—				—				n/a			—				(9,900		)		n/a			9,900
Merger-related expense	617				473				328.5	%		144				(1,445		)		(90.9	)%		1,589
Other	8,599				1,710				24.8	%		6,889				(136		)		(1.9	)%		7,025
Total	$	55,154			$	5,281			10.6	%		$	49,873			$	(7,872	)		(13.6	)%		$	57,745

Salaries, commissions and employee benefits: These expenses are 5.8% higher in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to general merit increases and the increased average number of annual full-time equivalent employees related to the PBI acquisition in Q1 2019. These expenses are 9.6% higher in 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to general merit increases and an increase in our average annual full-time equivalent employees, primarily those in conjunction with the FCB acquisition in Q2 2017.

Equipment: The 2019 and 2018 increases in equipment expense are primarily increased depreciation and amortization related to various technological upgrades, both hardware and software, made during the past three years and also the PBI and FCB acquisitions.

Amortization of intangibles: Amortization of intangibles increased during 2019 and 2018 as a result of the additional amortization of the core deposit intangibles associated with the PBI and FCB acquisitions.

FDIC premiums: The decrease in FDIC premiums for 2019 is due to the FDIC's Small Bank Assessment Credits resulting from the reserve ratio meeting the required 1.38 percent threshold. FDIC premiums decreased 22% during 2018 primarily due to improvement in earnings and performance.

Merger-related expense: These expenses are comprised of data processing conversion costs, employee severance costs, write-downs of equipment and legal fees related to the Cornerstone, PBI and FCB acquisitions. Additional such costs are expected to approximate $1.0 million in 2020 relative to the Cornerstone and MVB Bank branches acquisitions.

Foreclosed properties expense, net of gains/losses: Foreclosed properties expense, net of gains/losses increased for 2019 primarily as a result of higher writedowns of theses properties to their estimated fair values.

Litigation settlement: During 2017, we recorded a $9.9 million pre-tax charge as full resolution of the ResCap Litigation which had been pending since 2014. See the Legal Contingencies section of Note 17 Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Other: The increase in other expenses for 2019 is largely due to a $1.0 million increase in deferred director compensation plan expenses. Under the plan, the directors optionally defer their director fees into a "phantom" investment plan whereby the company recognizes expense or benefit relative to the phantom returns or losses of such investments. Also increasing was ATM expense, up $213,000 due to increased usage by customers.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 totaled $7.7 million, $7.0 million and $9.7 million, respectively. Our effective tax rate (income tax expense as a percentage of income before taxes) for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were 19.5%, 20.0% and 44.8%, respectively. The 2019 and 2018 decreased effective tax rates are due to the lower corporate income tax rates enacted late 2017 in conjunction with the TCJA, which permanently lowered the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from the prior maximum rate of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the federal corporate

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income tax rate, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles required companies to remeasure their deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, including those accounted for in accumulated other comprehensive income, as of the date of TCJA’s enactment and record the effects as income tax expense in the reporting period of enactment. We remeasured our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 22, 2017, at the new federal corporate income tax rate of 21%, and recorded additional income tax expense of $3.5 million to reduce our net deferred tax assets, thus causing a higher effective tax rate for 2017. Refer to Note 15 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information and additional discussion of the significant components influencing our effective income tax rates.

CHANGES IN FINANCIAL POSITION

Our average assets increased during 2019 to $2.28 billion, an increase of 7.2% above 2018's average of $2.13 billion, and our year end December 31, 2019 assets were $202.9 million more than December 31, 2018.  Average assets increased 6.1% in 2018, from $2.01 billion in 2017.  Significant changes in the components of our balance sheet in 2019 and 2018 are discussed below.

Table V - Summary of Significant Changes in Financial Position 2019 versus 2018
		Balance December 31,				Impact of PBI Acquisition				Other Changes				Balance December 31,
Dollars in thousands		2018												2019
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	59,540			$	33,329			$	(30,981	)		$	61,888
Debt securities available for sale		293,147				55,113				(71,905		)		276,355
Other investments		16,635				72				(3,735		)		12,972
Loans, net		1,682,005				41,398				177,022				1,900,425
Property held for sale		21,432				—				(2,156		)		19,276
Premises and equipment		37,553				815				5,800				44,168
Goodwill and other intangibles		25,842				3,983				(6,803		)		23,022
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		42,386				—				1,217				43,603
Other assets		22,046				939				(1,202		)		21,783
Total assets		$	2,200,586			$	135,649			$	67,257			$	2,403,492
Liabilities
Deposits		$	1,634,826			$	112,379			$	166,032			$	1,913,237
Short-term borrowings		309,084				—				(109,739		)		199,345
Long-term borrowings		735				—				(18		)		717
Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts		19,589				—				—				19,589
Other liabilities		16,522				1,533				4,785				22,840
Shareholders' Equity		219,830				21,737				6,197				247,764
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity		$	2,200,586			$	135,649			$	67,257			$	2,403,492

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Table VI - Summary of Significant Changes in Financial Position 2018 versus 2017
		Balance December 31,				Other Changes				Balance December 31,
Dollars in thousands		2017								2018
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	52,631			$	6,909			$	59,540
Debt securities available for sale		328,586				(35,439		)		293,147
Other investments		15,071				1,564				16,635
Loans, net		1,593,744				88,261				1,682,005
Property held for sale		21,470				(38		)		21,432
Premises and equipment		34,209				3,344				37,553
Goodwill and other intangibles		27,513				(1,671		)		25,842
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		41,358				1,028				42,386
Other assets		19,658				2,388				22,046
Total assets		$	2,134,240			$	66,346			$	2,200,586
Liabilities
Deposits		$	1,600,601			$	34,225			$	1,634,826
Short-term borrowings		250,499				58,585				309,084
Long-term borrowings		45,751				(45,016		)		735
Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts		19,589				—				19,589
Other liabilities		16,295				227				16,522
Shareholders' Equity		201,505				18,325				219,830
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity		$	2,134,240			$	66,346			$	2,200,586

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The 2019 net reduction of $31.0 million is primarily attributable to repayments of short-term Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances and the cash consideration of $12.7 million paid in conjunction with the PBI acquisition.

Loan Portfolio

Table VII depicts gross loan balances by type and the respective percentage of each to total loans at December 31, as follows:

Table VII - Loans by Type
	2019							2018							2017							2016							2015
Dollars in thousands	Amount				Percent of Total			Amount				Percent of Total			Amount				Percent of Total			Amount				Percent of Total			Amount				Percent of Total
Commercial	$	207,392			10.8	%		$	194,527			11.5	%		$	190,270			11.8	%		$	119,256			8.9	%		$	97,324			8.6	%
Commercial real estate	907,887				47.4	%		833,392				49.1	%		737,961				45.8	%		586,014				49.6	%		541,388				46.0	%
Construction and development	122,455				6.4	%		94,155				5.5	%		101,022				6.3	%		89,069				6.9	%		75,648				9.4	%
Residential mortgage	502,764				26.2	%		491,441				28.9	%		500,720				31.1	%		406,293				31.7	%		346,380				33.0	%
Mortgage warehouse lines	126,235				6.6	%		39,140				2.3	%		30,757				1.9	%		85,963				—	%		—				—	%
Consumer	36,651				1.9	%		32,569				1.9	%		36,302				2.3	%		25,524				1.8	%		19,297				1.9	%
Other	14,121				0.7	%		12,903				0.8	%		13,245				0.8	%		9,499				1.1	%		11,683				1.1	%
Total loans	$	1,917,505			100.0	%		$	1,698,127			100.0	%		$	1,610,277			100.0	%		$	1,321,618			100.0	%		$	1,091,720			100.0	%

Total net loans averaged $1.8 billion in 2019, which represented 79% of total average assets compared to $1.6 billion in 2018, or 77% of total average assets. A continued improving economic environment in our market area contributed to 7.7% organic loan growth, excluding mortgage warehouse lines, which increased $89.9 million in 2019, primarily in the commercial real estate and construction and development portfolios, following 2018's growth of 5.1% and 2017's growth of 9.6%.   Mortgage

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warehouse lines of credit grew $87.1 million in 2019 as we expanded our existing line participations and established several new participations in light of strong mortgage refinance and home purchase activity nationally. Refer to Note 7 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for our loan maturities and a discussion of our adjustable rate loans as of December 31, 2019.

In the normal course of business, we make various commitments and incur certain contingent liabilities, which are disclosed in Note 17 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements but not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.  There have been no significant changes in these types of commitments and contingent liabilities and we do not anticipate any material losses as a result of these commitments.

Securities

Securities comprised approximately 11.5% of total assets at December 31, 2019 compared to 13.3% at December 31, 2018.  Average securities approximated $296.2 million for 2019 or 3.8% less than 2018's average of $307.8 million. The 2019 net decrease of $71.9 million in securities available for sale is principally a result of sales of the acquired PBI securities portfolio and the sales of a portion of our tax-exempt municipals securities, whose proceeds were used to pay down short-term FHLB advances and fund loan growth. In 2017, we obtained $100.7 million of available for sale securities in the FCB acquisition; the portfolio was restructured by selling $94 million of those securities and only $54 million of the proceeds were reinvested. Refer to Note 5 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for details of amortized cost, the estimated fair values, unrealized gains and losses as well as the security classifications by type.

The following table presents the fair value of our securities portfolio by type at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Table VIII - Fair Value of Securities	December 31
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
Available for Sale
Taxable debt securities
U.S. Government and agencies and corporations	$	20,864			$	26,140			$	31,613
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government-sponsored agencies	70,975				80,309				121,321
Nongovernment-sponsored entities	10,229				614				2,077
State and political subdivisions	49,973				19,243				17,677
Corporate debt securities	18,200				14,512				16,245
Asset-backed securities	33,014				25,175				—
Total taxable debt securities	203,255				165,993				188,933
Tax-exempt debt securities
State and political subdivisions	73,100				127,154				139,653
Total tax-exempt debt securities	73,100				127,154				139,653
Total available for sale securities	$	276,355			$	293,147			$	328,586

All of our securities are classified as available for sale to provide us with flexibility to better manage our balance sheet structure and react to asset/liability management issues as they arise.  Anytime that we carry a security with an unrealized loss that has been determined to be “other-than-temporary”, we must recognize that loss in income in the period of such determination. 

At December 31, 2019, we did not own securities of any one issuer that were not issued by the U.S. Treasury or a U.S. Government agency that exceeded ten percent of shareholders’ equity.  The maturity distribution of the securities portfolio at December 31, 2019, together with the weighted average yields for each range of maturity, is summarized in Table VI.  The stated average yields are stated on a tax equivalent basis.

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Table IX - Securities Maturity Analysis
								After one							After five
	Within							but within							but within							After
	one year							five years							ten years							ten years
(At amortized cost, dollars in thousands)	Amount				Yield			Amount				Yield			Amount				Yield			Amount				Yield
U. S. Government agencies and corporations	$	2,229			5.9	%		$	3,060			3.2	%		$	11,396			2.7	%		$	4,351			3.2	%
Residential mortgage backed securities:
Government sponsored agencies	18,908				3.0	%		42,699				3.1	%		5,418				2.8	%		3,353				2.9	%
Nongovernment sponsored entities	2,370				3.2	%		6,771				3.1	%		1,040				3.0	%		72				—	%
State and political subdivisions	135				3.4	%		2,995				3.8	%		26,327				2.9	%		88,997				3.4	%
Corporate debt securities	—				—			2,500				2.7	%		9,517				4.1	%		6,251				5.4	%
Asset-backed securities	6,050				2.5	%		21,035				2.4	%		6,741				2.4	%		—				—	%
Total	$	29,692			3.1	%		$	79,060			3.0	%		$	60,439			3.0	%		$	103,024			3.5	%

Deposits

Total deposits at December 31, 2019 increased $278.4 million or 17.0% compared to December 31, 2018. Total deposits at December 31, 2018 increased $34.2 million or 2.1% compared to December 31, 2017.  Deposits acquired in conjunction with the purchases of PBI in 2019 and FCB in 2017 totaled $102.9 million and $350.0 million, respectively. We have strengthened our focus on growing core transaction accounts. Excluding acquired deposits, core transaction accounts grew $100.1 million or 13.4% during 2019 while our internet-only high yielding savings product increased $116.2 million and brokered CDs decreased $69.9 million due to maturities and calls.

Table X - Deposits
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017				2016				2015
Noninterest bearing demand	$	260,553			$	222,120			$	217,493			$	149,737			$	119,010
Interest bearing demand	630,351				523,257				410,606				262,591				215,721
Savings	418,096				284,173				358,168				337,348				266,825
Time deposits	604,237				605,276				614,334				545,843				465,153
Total deposits	$	1,913,237			$	1,634,826			$	1,600,601			$	1,295,519			$	1,066,709

See Table I for average deposit balance and rate information by deposit type for the past five years and Note 12 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a maturity distribution of time deposits as of December 31, 2019.

Borrowings

Lines of Credit:  We have a remaining available line of credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”) totaling $609.3 million at December 31, 2019.  We use this line primarily to fund loans to customers.  Funds acquired through this program are reflected on the consolidated balance sheet in short-term borrowings or long-term borrowings, depending on the repayment terms of the debt agreement.  We also had $149.3 million available on a short term line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank at December 31, 2019, which is primarily secured by consumer loans, construction loans and commercial and industrial loans and a $6 million available line of credit with a correspondent bank.

Short-term Borrowings: Total short-term borrowings consisting primarily of advances from the FHLB having original maturities of 30 days or less decreased $109.7 million from $309.1 million at December 31, 2018 to $199.3 million at December 31, 2019.  See Note 13 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures regarding our short-term borrowings.

Long-term Borrowings:  Long-term borrowings historically have been used to fund our loan growth, however, as a result of prolonged low short-term interest rates following the economic downturn of 2008, long-term borrowings have been reduced significantly as we have replaced maturing long-term borrowings with short-term funding.  Total long-term borrowings of $717,000 and $735,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of a long-term FHLB advance. Refer to Note 13 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our long-term borrowings.

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Shareholders' equity

Changes in shareholders' equity are a result of net income, other comprehensive income and dividends.

ASSET QUALITY

For purposes of this discussion, we define nonperforming assets to include foreclosed properties, other repossessed assets and nonperforming loans, which is comprised of loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest and nonaccrual loans. Performing troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") are excluded from nonperforming loans.

Table XI presents a summary of nonperforming assets at December 31, as follows:

Table XI - Nonperforming Assets
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017				2016				2015
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
Commercial	$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Commercial real estate	—				—				237				—				—
Residential construction & development	—				—				—				—				—
Residential real estate	—				—				—				—				—
Consumer	42				36				37				—				9
Other	—				—				—				—				—
Total accruing loans 90+ days past due	42				36				274				—				9
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial	764				935				696				298				853
Commercial real estate	5,800				3,238				2,927				4,845				5,955
Commercial construction & development	—				—				—				—				—
Residential construction & development	326				3,198				3,569				4,465				5,623
Residential real estate	4,404				7,506				7,656				4,815				3,245
Consumer	74				112				201				151				83
Other	100				—				—				—				—
Total nonaccrual loans	11,468				14,989				15,049				14,574				15,759
Foreclosed properties
Commercial	—				—				—				—				—
Commercial real estate	1,930				1,762				1,789				1,749				1,300
Commercial construction & development	4,601				6,479				7,392				8,610				8,717
Residential construction & development	11,169				11,543				11,182				13,265				14,069
Residential real estate	1,576				1,648				1,107				880				1,481
Total foreclosed properties	19,276				21,432				21,470				24,504				25,567
Repossessed assets	17				5				68				12				5
Total nonperforming assets	$	30,803			$	36,462			$	36,861			$	39,090			$	41,340
Total nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans	0.60		%		0.89		%		0.95		%		1.10		%		1.45		%
Total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets	1.28		%		1.66		%		1.73		%		2.22		%		2.77		%
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans	113.58		%		86.84		%		82.00		%		80.10		%		72.75		%
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of period end loans	0.68		%		0.77		%		0.78		%		0.88		%		1.05		%

 

Refer to Note 7 for information regarding our past due loans, impaired loans, nonaccrual loans and troubled debt restructurings.

We monitor our concentrations in higher-risk lending areas in accordance with the Interagency Guidance for Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending issued in 2006. This guidance establishes concentration guidelines of 100% of Tier 1 Capital plus the allowance for loan and lease loss for lending in construction, land development and other land loans. It further establishes a guideline of 300% of Tier 1 Capital plus the allowance for loan and lease loss for lending in construction, land development and other land loans plus loans secured by non-owner occupied non-farm non-residential properties. As of December 31, 2019, Summit Community Bank was within the recommended limits of 100% and 300%, respectively.

 

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We maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level considered adequate to provide for estimated credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  The allowance is comprised of three distinct reserve components:  (1) specific reserves related to loans individually evaluated, (2) quantitative reserves related to loans collectively evaluated and (3) qualitative reserves related to loans collectively evaluated.  A summary of the methodology we employ on a quarterly basis with respect to each of these components in order to evaluate the overall adequacy of our allowance for loan losses is provided in Note 8 of the accompanying financial statements.

Relationship between Allowance for Loan Losses, Net Charge-offs and Nonperforming Loans

In analyzing the relationship among the allowance for loan losses, net loan charge-offs and nonperforming loans, it is helpful to understand the process of how loans are treated as the probability of collection changes over time. Allowances are established at origination through the quantitative and qualitative assessment process discussed above based upon credit quality.

 

Charge-offs, if necessary, are typically recognized in a period after the allowances were established. If the previously established allowance exceeds that needed to satisfactorily resolve the problem credit, a reduction in the overall level of the allowance could be recognized. In summary, if loan quality deteriorates, the typical credit sequence consists of periods of expense recognition, followed by periods of charge-offs.

Consumer loans are generally charged to the allowance for loan losses upon reaching specified stages of delinquency, in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council policy.  For example, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.  Residential mortgage loans are generally charged off to net realizable value no later than when the account becomes 180 days past due.  Other consumer loans, if collateralized, are generally charged off to net realizable value at 120 days past due.

Commercial-related loans (which are risk-rated) are charged to the allowance for loan losses when the loss has been confirmed. This determination includes many factors, including among others, the prioritization of our claim in bankruptcy, expectations of the workout/restructuring of the loan and valuation of the borrower’s equity.

Substantially all of our nonperforming loans are secured by real estate. The majority of these loans were underwritten in accordance with our loan-to-value policy guidelines which range from 70-85% at the time of origination.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, our allowance for loan losses totaled $13.1 million, or 0.68% of total loans and $13.0 million, or 0.77% of total loans, respectively. The allowance for loan losses is considered adequate to cover our estimate of probable credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio. 

Table XII presents an allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan type at each respective year end date, as follows:

Table XII - Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses
	2019							2018							2017							2016							2015
Dollars in thousands	Amount				% of loans in each category to total loans			Amount				% of loans in each category to total loans			Amount				% of loans in each category to total loans			Amount				% of loans in each category to total loans			Amount				% of loans in each category to total loans
Commercial	$	1,146			10.8	%		$	1,705			11.5	%		$	1,303			11.8	%		$	934			9.0	%		$	781			8.9	%
Commercial real estate	8,639				47.4	%		7,956				49.1	%		7,374				45.8	%		5,547				44.4	%		4,566				49.6	%
Construction and development	842				6.4	%		403				5.5	%		794				6.3	%		2,287				6.7	%		2,867				6.9	%
Residential real estate	1,961				26.2	%		2,636				28.9	%		2,621				31.1	%		2,682				30.8	%		3,099				31.7	%
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				6.6	%		—				2.3	%		—				1.9	%		—				6.5	%		—				—	%
Consumer	135				1.9	%		79				1.9	%		210				2.3	%		121				1.9	%		59				1.8	%
Other	351				0.7	%		268				0.8	%		263				0.8	%		103				0.7	%		100				1.1	%
Total	$	13,074			100.0	%		$	13,047			100.0	%		$	12,565			100.0	%		$	11,674			100.0	%		$	11,472			100.0	%

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A reconciliation of the activity in the allowance for loan losses follows:

Table XIII - Allowance for Loan Losses
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017				2016				2015
Balance, beginning of year	$	13,047			$	12,565			$	11,674			$	11,472			$	11,167
Losses
Commercial	281				248				23				489				77
Commercial real estate	172				657				70				303				737
Construction and development	2				259				36				136				457
Residential real estate	1,003				913				519				344				701
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				—
Consumer	285				244				389				98				69
Other	360				282				251				185				110
Total	2,103				2,603				1,288				1,555				2,151
Recoveries
Commercial	17				16				124				73				10
Commercial real estate	22				23				180				48				303
Construction and development	108				270				278				840				456
Residential real estate	144				263				164				145				206
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				—
Consumer	168				141				82				76				105
Other	121				122				101				75				126
Total	580				835				929				1,257				1,206
Net losses	1,523				1,768				359				298				945
Provision for loan losses	1,550				2,250				1,250				500				1,250
Balance, end of year	$	13,074			$	13,047			$	12,565			$	11,674			$	11,472
Net losses as a % of average loans	0.08		%		0.11		%		0.02		%		0.02		%		0.09		%

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had approximately $19.3 million and $21.4 million, respectively, in property held for sale which was obtained as the result of foreclosure proceedings.  Although foreclosed property is recorded at the lower of investment in the real estate or fair value less estimated costs to sell, the prices ultimately realized upon their sale may or may not result in us recognizing additional loss. Refer to Note 9 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our property held for sale.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Bank Liquidity:  Liquidity reflects our ability to ensure the availability of adequate funds to meet loan commitments and deposit withdrawals, as well as provide for other transactional requirements.  Liquidity is provided primarily by excess funds at correspondent banks, non-pledged securities and available lines of credit with the FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and correspondent banks, which totaled approximately $965.7 million or 40.2% of total consolidated assets at December 31, 2019.

Our liquidity strategy is to fund loan growth with deposits and other borrowed funds while maintaining an adequate level of short- and medium-term investments to meet normal daily loan and deposit activity.    As a member of the FHLB, we have access to borrow approximately $809.3 million, which is collateralized by $1.16 billion of residential mortgage loans, commercial loans, mortgage backed securities and securities of U. S. Government agencies and corporations.  At December 31, 2019, we had available borrowing capacity of $609.3 million on our FHLB line.  We also maintain a credit line with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond as a contingency liquidity vehicle.  The amount available on this line at December 31, 2019 was approximately $149 million, which is secured by a pledge of $283.0 million of our consumer loans, construction loans and commercial and industrial loan portfolios.  We have a $6 million unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank.  Also, we classify all of our securities as available for sale to enable us to liquidate them if the need arises.  During 2019, our loan growth was funded primarily by deposits as our loans increased approximately $218.4 million, while total deposits increased $278.4 million. The additional excess deposit growth was used to pay down short-term FHLB borrowings.  

Liquidity risk represents the risk of loss due to the possibility that funds may not be available to satisfy current or future commitments based on external market issues, customer or creditor perception of financial strength and events unrelated to Summit such as war, terrorism, or financial institution market specific issues.  The Asset/Liability Management Committee

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(“ALCO”), comprised of members of senior management and certain members of the Board of Directors, oversees our liquidity risk management process.   The ALCO develops and recommends policies and limits governing our liquidity to the Board of Directors for approval with the objective of ensuring that we can obtain cost-effective funding to meet current and future obligations, as well as maintain sufficient levels of on-hand liquidity, under both normal and “stressed” circumstances.

One aspect of our liquidity management process is establishing contingent liquidity funding plans under various scenarios in order to prepare for unexpected liquidity shortages or events.  The following represents three “stressed” liquidity circumstances and our related contingency plans with respect to each.

Scenario 1 – Summit Community’s capital status becomes less than “well capitalized”.  Banks which are less than “well capitalized” in accordance with regulatory capital guidelines are prohibited from issuing new brokered deposits without first obtaining a waiver from the FDIC to do so.  In the event Summit Community’s capital status were to fall below well capitalized and was not successful in obtaining the FDIC’s waiver to issue new brokered deposits, Summit Community:

•	Would have limited amounts of maturing brokered deposits to replace in the short-term, as we have limited our brokered deposits maturing in any one quarter to no more than $50 million.

•	Presently has $966 million in available sources of liquid funds which could be drawn upon to fund maturing brokered deposits until Summit Community had restored its capital to well capitalized status.

•	Would first seek to restore its capital to well capitalized status through capital contributions from Summit, its parent holding company.

•

Would generally have no more than $100 million in brokered deposits maturing in any one year time frame, which is well within its presently available sources of liquid funds, if in the event Summit does not have the capital resources to restore Summit Community’s capital to well capitalized status.  One year would give Summit Community ample time to raise alternative funds either through retail deposits or the sale of assets and obtain capital resources to restore it to well capitalized status.

Scenario 2 – Summit Community’s credit quality deteriorates such that the FHLB restricts further advances.  If in the event that the Bank’s credit quality deteriorated to the point that further advances under its line with the FHLB were restricted, Summit Community:

•	Would severely curtail lending and other growth activities until such time as access to this line could be restored, thus eliminating the need for net new advances.

•	Would still have available current liquid funding sources secured by unemcumbered loans and securities totaling $466 million aside from its FHLB line, which would result in a funding source of approximately $316 million.

Scenario 3 – A competitive financial institution offers a retail deposit program at interest rates significantly above current market rates in Summit Community’s market areas.  If a competitive financial institution offered a retail deposit program at rates well in excess of current market rates in Summit Community’s market area, the Bank:

•	Presently has $966 million in available sources of liquid funds which could be drawn upon immediately to fund any “net run off” of deposits from this activity.

•	Would severely curtail lending and other growth activities so as to preserve the availability of as much contingency funds as possible.

•	Would begin offering its own competitive deposit program when deemed prudent so as to restore the retail deposits lost to the competition.

We continuously monitor our liquidity position to ensure that day-to-day as well as anticipated funding needs are met.  We are not aware of any trends, commitments, events or uncertainties that have resulted in or are reasonably likely to result in a material change to our liquidity. Refer to page 12 of Item 1A. Risk Factors for further discussion of our liquidity risk.

Growth and Expansion:  During 2019, we spent approximately $9.2 million on capital expenditures for premises and equipment.  We expect our capital expenditures to approximate $3.0 - $3.5 million in 2020, primarily for new branch sites and construction and equipment and technological upgrades.

Capital Compliance:  Our capital position is strong. Stated as a percentage of total assets, our equity ratio was 10.3% at December 31, 2019 compared to 10.0% at December 31, 2018. Our subsidiary bank, Summit Community Bank, had Tier 1 risk-based, Total risk-based and Tier 1 leverage capital in excess of the minimum “well capitalized” levels of $82.7 million, $54.6 million and $128.9 million, respectively.  We intend to maintain Summit Community Bank's capital ratios at levels that

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would be considered to be “well capitalized” in accordance with regulatory capital guidelines.  See Note 18 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our regulatory capital.

During 2019, we retained $24.5 million of earnings and the net change in accumulated other comprehensive income was $3.6 million, principally resulting from $4.0 million unrealized net gains on securities available for sale.

On July 30, 2015, our Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") purchased 225,000 shares of Summit Financial Group Inc. common stock, which is shown as a reduction of shareholders' equity, similar to a purchase of treasury stock. When the shares are committed to be released and become available for allocation to plan participants, the then fair value of such shares will be charged to compensation expense.  Unallocated shares owned by the Company’s ESOP are not considered to be outstanding for the purpose of computing earnings per share.

Dividends:  Cash dividends per share totaled $0.59 and $0.53 during 2019 and 2018, respectively, representing dividend payout ratios of 23.1% and 23.3%, respectively. It is our intention to continue to pay dividends on a quarterly basis during 2020. Future dividend amounts will depend on the earnings and financial condition of our subsidiary bank as well as general economic conditions.

The primary source of funds for the dividends paid to our shareholders is dividends received from our subsidiary bank.  Dividends paid by our subsidiary bank are subject to restrictions by banking law and regulations and require approval by the bank’s regulatory agency if dividends declared in any year exceed the bank’s current year's net income, as defined, plus its retained net profits of the two preceding years. In addition, cash dividends depend on the earnings and financial condition of our subsidiary bank and our capital adequacy as well as general economic conditions. During 2020, the net retained profits available for distribution to Summit as dividends without regulatory approval are approximately $41.6 million.

Contractual Cash Obligations:  During our normal course of business, we incur contractual cash obligations.  The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations at December 31, 2019.

Table XIV - Contractual Cash Obligations
Dollars in thousands	Long Term Debt and Subordinated Debentures				Operating Leases
2020	$	19			$	124
2021	19				103
2022	21				105
2023	22				84
2024	23				59
Thereafter	20,202				62
Total	$	20,306			$	537

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements:  We are involved with some off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have an effect on our financial condition, liquidity, or capital.  These arrangements at December 31, 2019 are presented in the following table.  Refer to Note 17 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements.

Table XV - Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Dollars in thousands
Commitments to extend credit
Revolving home equity and credit card lines	$	69,200
Construction loans	119,456
Other loans	225,637
Standby letters of credit	12,078
Total	$	426,371

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LIBOR AND OTHER BENCHMARK RATES

Following the announcement by the U.K.’s Financial Conduct Authority in July 2017 that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for the London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR) after 2021, central banks and regulators around the world have commissioned working groups to find suitable replacements for Interbank Offered Rates ("IBOR") and other benchmark rates and to implement financial benchmark reforms more generally. These actions have resulted in uncertainty regarding the use of alternative reference rates ("ARRs") and could cause disruptions in a variety of markets. We will continue to monitor developments related to ARRs, however at this time, we do not anticipate any material adverse impact to our business operation or financial results during the period of transition from IBORs to ARRs.

QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA

A summary of our selected quarterly financial data is as follows:

	2019
	First				Second				Third				Fourth
Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts	Quarter				Quarter				Quarter				Quarter
Interest income	$	25,868			$	26,882			$	27,249			$	27,072
Net interest income	18,573				19,263				19,420				19,828
Net income	7,092				8,564				8,061				8,149
Basic earnings per share	$	0.56			$	0.68			$	0.65			$	0.66
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.56			$	0.68			$	0.65			$	0.65

	2018
	First				Second				Third				Fourth
Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts	Quarter				Quarter				Quarter				Quarter
Interest income	$	22,897			$	23,399			$	23,800			$	25,313
Net interest income	17,257				17,275				17,213				18,052
Net income	7,443				6,280				6,899				7,450
Basic earnings per share	$	0.60			$	0.51			$	0.56			$	0.60
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.60			$	0.51			$	0.55			$	0.60

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Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments due to changes in interest rates, exchange rates and equity prices.  Interest rate risk is our primary market risk and results from timing differences in the repricing of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments, changes in relationships between rate indices and the potential exercise of embedded options.  The principal objective of asset/liability management is to minimize interest rate risk and our actions in this regard are taken under the guidance of our Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”).  The ALCO is comprised of members of the Board of Directors and of members of senior management.  The ALCO actively formulates the economic assumptions that we use in our financial planning and budgeting process and establishes policies which control and monitor our sources, uses and prices of funds.

Some amount of interest rate risk is inherent and appropriate to the banking business.  Our net income is affected by changes in the absolute level of interest rates.  Our interest rate risk position at December 31, 2019 is moderately liability sensitive over a two year horizon, but asset sensitive over the long term. The nature of our lending and funding activities tends to drive our interest rate risk position to being liability sensitive. That is, liabilities are likely to reprice faster than assets, resulting in a decrease in net interest income in a rising rate environment, while a falling interest rate environment would produce an increase in net interest income.  Net interest income is also subject to changes in the shape of the yield curve.  In general, a flat yield curve results in a decline in our earnings due to the compression of earning asset yields and funding rates, while a steepening would result in increased earnings as margins widen.

Several techniques are available to monitor and control the level of interest rate risk.  We primarily use earnings simulations modeling to monitor interest rate risk.  The earnings simulation model forecasts the effects on net interest income under a variety of interest rate scenarios that incorporate changes in the absolute level of interest rates and changes in the shape of the yield curve.  Each increase or decrease in rates is assumed to gradually take place over a 12 month period and then remain stable, except for the up 400 scenario, which assumes a gradual increase in rates over 24 months.  Assumptions used to project yields and rates for new loans and deposits are derived from historical analysis.  Securities portfolio maturities and prepayments are reinvested in like instruments.  Mortgage loan prepayment assumptions are developed from industry estimates of prepayment speeds.  Noncontractual deposit repricings are modeled on historical patterns.

The following table presents the estimated sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in interest rates, as measured by our earnings simulation model as of December 31, 2019.  The sensitivity is measured as a percentage change in net interest income given the stated changes in interest rates (gradual change over 12 months, stable thereafter) compared to net interest income with rates unchanged in the same period.  The estimated changes set forth below are dependent on the assumptions discussed above.

	Estimated % Change in Net Interest Income over:
Change in Interest Rates	0 - 12 Months			13 - 24 Months
Down 100  basis points (1)	1.93	%		3.97	%
Up 100 basis points (1)	-1.18	%		0.53	%
Up 200 basis points (1)	-2.04	%		-0.86	%
(1) assumes a parallel shift in the yield curve over 12 months

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REPORT OF MANAGEMENT’S ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Summit Financial Group, Inc. is responsible for the preparation, integrity and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.  The consolidated financial statements and notes included in this annual report have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles and necessarily include some amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments.

We, as management of Summit Financial Group, Inc., are responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles and in conformity with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council instructions for consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (call report instructions).  The system of internal control over financial reporting as it relates to the financial statements is evaluated for effectiveness by management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits.  Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are identified.  Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.  Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time.  Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.

The Audit Committee, consisting entirely of independent directors, meets regularly with management, internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm and reviews audit plans and results, as well as management’s actions taken in discharging responsibilities for accounting, financial reporting and internal control.  Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C., independent registered public accounting firm and the internal auditors have direct and confidential access to the Audit Committee at all times to discuss the results of their examinations.

Management assessed the Corporation’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019.  In making this assessment, we used the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 2013.  Based on this assessment, management concludes that, as of December 31, 2019, its system of internal control over financial reporting is effective and meets the criteria of the Internal Control-Integrated Framework.  Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C., independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

Management is also responsible for compliance with the federal and state laws and regulations concerning dividend restrictions and federal laws and regulations concerning loans to insiders designated by the FDIC as safety and soundness laws and regulations.

/s/ H. Charles Maddy, III		/s/ Robert S. Tissue		/s/ Julie R. Markwood
President and Chief Executive Officer		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer		Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

 

                                         

Moorefield, West Virginia

March 5, 2020

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

Summit Financial Group, Inc.

Moorefield, West Virginia

Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Summit Financial Group, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 of the Company and our report dated March 6, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Report of Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ YOUNT, HYDE & BARBOUR, P.C.

Winchester, Virginia

March 6, 2020

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Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

Summit Financial Group, Inc.

Moorefield, West Virginia

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Summit Financial Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated March 6, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ YOUNT, HYDE & BARBOUR, P.C.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016.

Winchester, Virginia

March 6, 2020

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Consolidated Balance Sheets

	December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	28,137			$	23,061
Interest bearing deposits with other banks	33,751				36,479
Cash and cash equivalents	61,888				59,540
Debt securities available for sale	276,355				293,147
Other investments	12,972				16,635
Loans held for sale	1,319				400
Loans net of unearned income	1,913,499				1,695,052
Less: allowance for loan losses	(13,074		)		(13,047		)
Loans, net	1,900,425				1,682,005
Property held for sale	19,276				21,432
Premises and equipment, net	44,168				37,553
Accrued interest receivable	8,439				8,708
Goodwill and other intangible assets	23,022				25,842
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	43,603				42,386
Other assets	12,025				12,938
Total assets	$	2,403,492			$	2,200,586
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities
Deposits
Non-interest bearing	$	260,553			$	222,120
Interest bearing	1,652,684				1,412,706
Total deposits	1,913,237				1,634,826
Short-term borrowings	199,345				309,084
Long-term borrowings	717				735
Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts	19,589				19,589
Other liabilities	22,840				16,522
Total liabilities	2,155,728				1,980,756
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, authorized 250,000 shares	—				—
Common stock and related surplus, $2.50 par value; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued: 2019 - 12,474,641 shares, 2018 - 12,399,887 shares; outstanding: 2019 - 12,408,542 shares, 2018 - 12,312,933 shares	80,084				80,431
Unallocated common stock held by Employee Stock Ownership Plan -         2019 - 66,099 shares, 2018 - 86,954 shares	(714		)		(939		)
Retained earnings	165,859				141,354
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	2,535				(1,016		)
Total shareholders' equity	247,764				219,830
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,403,492			$	2,200,586

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Income

	For the Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands (except per share amounts)	2019				2018				2017
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans
Taxable	$	96,500			$	84,716			$	74,365
Tax-exempt	615				567				543
Interest and dividends on securities
Taxable	6,511				5,341				5,071
Tax-exempt	2,850				4,246				3,939
Interest on interest bearing deposits with other banks	595				539				609
Total interest income	107,071				95,409				84,527
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	23,697				17,675				11,210
Interest on short-term borrowings	5,303				5,993				4,473
Interest on long-term borrowings and subordinated debentures	987				1,944				2,697
Total interest expense	29,987				25,612				18,380
Net interest income	77,084				69,797				66,147
Provision for loan losses	1,550				2,250				1,250
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	75,534				67,547				64,897
Noninterest income
Insurance commissions	1,911				4,320				4,005
Trust and wealth management fees	2,564				2,653				1,863
Service charges on deposit accounts	5,094				4,631				4,109
Bank card revenue	3,536				3,152				2,697
Realized securities gains (losses), net	1,938				622				(14		)
Gain on sale of Summit Insurance Services, LLC	1,906				—				—
Bank owned life insurance income	1,044				1,022				1,017
Other	1,210				1,022				750
Total noninterest income	19,203				17,422				14,427
Noninterest expenses
Salaries, commissions and employee benefits	29,066				27,478				25,075
Net occupancy expense	3,417				3,364				3,011
Equipment expense	4,972				4,411				3,954
Professional fees	1,678				1,607				1,367
Advertising and public relations	698				654				578
Amortization of intangibles	1,701				1,671				1,410
FDIC premiums	88				830				1,065
Bank card expense	1,820				1,475				1,432
Foreclosed properties expense, net of gains/losses	2,498				1,350				1,339
Litigation settlement	—				—				9,900
Merger-related expenses	617				144				1,589
Other	8,599				6,889				7,025
Total noninterest expenses	55,154				49,873				57,745
Income before income tax expense	39,583				35,096				21,579
Income tax expense	7,717				7,024				9,664
Net income	$	31,866			$	28,072			$	11,915
Basic earnings per common share	$	2.55			$	2.27			$	1.00
Diluted earnings per common share	$	2.53			$	2.26			$	1.00

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	For the Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
Net income	$	31,866			$	28,072			$	11,915
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized (loss) gain on cashflow hedges of:
2019 - ($268), net of deferred taxes of ($64); 2018 - $1,645, net of deferred taxes of $395; 2017 - $2,556, net of deferred taxes of $946	(204		)		1,250				1,610
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale of:
2019 - $5,244, net of deferred taxes of $1,258 and reclassification adjustment for net realized gains included in net income of $1,938, net of tax of $465	3,986
2018 - ($4,920) net of deferred taxes of ($1,181) and reclassification adjustment for net realized gains included in net income of $622, net of tax of $149					(3,739		)
2017 - $4,378, net of deferred taxes of $1,620 and reclassification adjustment for net realized losses included in net income of ($14), net of tax of ($5)									2,758
Net unrealized (loss) gain on other post-retirement benefits of:
2019 - ($120), net of deferred taxes of ($29); 2018 - ($341), net of deferred taxes of ($82); 2017- $521, net of deferred taxes of $193	(91		)		(259		)		328
Net unrealized loss on pension plan of:
2019 - ($184), net of deferred taxes of ($44)	(140		)		—				—
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	3,551				(2,748		)		4,696
Total comprehensive income	$	35,417			$	25,324			$	16,611

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017

Dollars in thousands (except per share amounts)	Common Stock and Related Surplus				Unallocated Common Stock Held by ESOP				Retained Earnings				Accumulated Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)				Total Share- holders' Equity
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	46,757			$	(1,583	)		$	113,448			$	(3,262	)		$	155,360
Net income	—				—				11,915				—				11,915
Other comprehensive income													4,696				4,696
Reclassification of tax effects due to change in U.S.    corporate tax rate	—				—				(298		)		298				—
Exercise of stock options and SARs - 36,925 shares	304				—				—				—				304
Share-based compensation expense	385				—				—				—				385
Unallocated ESOP shares committed to     be released - 39,805 shares	515				431				—				—				946
Acquisition of First Century Bankshares, Inc. - 1,537,912 shares, net of issuance costs	32,968				—				—				—				32,968
Common stock issuances from reinvested dividends - 6,950 shares	169				—				—				—				169
Common stock cash dividends declared ($0.44 per share)	—				—				(5,238		)		—				(5,238		)
Balance, December 31, 2017	81,098				(1,152		)		119,827				1,732				201,505
Net income	—				—				28,072				—				28,072
Other comprehensive loss													(2,748		)		(2,748		)
Exercise of stock options - 6,800 shares	122				—				—				—				122
Share-based compensation expense	391				—				—				—				391
Unallocated ESOP shares committed to be released - 19,780 shares	272				213				—				—				485
Retirement of 82,423 shares of common stock	(1,689		)		—				—				—				(1,689		)
Common stock issuances from reinvested dividends - 10,214 shares	237				—				—				—				237
Common stock cash dividends declared ($0.53 per share)	—				—				(6,545		)		—				(6,545		)
Balance, December 31, 2018	80,431				(939		)		141,354				(1,016		)		219,830
Net income	—				—				31,866				—				31,866
Other comprehensive income													3,551				3,551
Exercise of stock options and SARs - 17,366 shares	7				—				—				—				7
Share-based compensation expense	590				—				—				—				590
Unallocated ESOP shares committed to be released - 20,855 shares	305				225				—				—				530
Retirement of 417,577 shares of common stock	(10,405		)		—				—				—				(10,405		)
Acquisition of Peoples Bankshares, Inc. - 465,931 shares, net of issuance costs	8,918				—				—				—				8,918
Common stock issuances from reinvested dividends - 9,034 shares	238				—				—				—				238
Common stock cash dividends declared ($0.59 per share)	—				—				(7,361		)		—				(7,361		)
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	80,084			$	(714	)		$	165,859			$	2,535			$	247,764

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	For the Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	31,866			$	28,072			$	11,915
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	2,614				2,168				1,887
Provision for loan losses	1,550				2,250				1,250
Share-based compensation expense	590				391				385
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	103				(349		)		4,076
Loans originated for sale	(22,518		)		(15,939		)		(16,248		)
Proceeds from sale of loans	22,004				15,834				16,747
Gains on loans held for sale	(405		)		(295		)		(323		)
Realized securities (gains) losses, net	(1,938		)		(622		)		14
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets	(236		)		74				(133		)
Gain on sale of Summit Insurance Services, LLC	(1,906		)		—				—
Write-downs of foreclosed properties	2,075				776				885
Amortization of securities premiums, net	2,263				3,412				4,190
Accretion related to acquisitions, net	(998		)		(580		)		(1,051		)
Amortization of intangibles	1,701				1,671				1,410
Earnings on bank owned life insurance	(1,148		)		(1,028		)		(707		)
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable	699				(378		)		(1,102		)
Decrease (increase) in other assets	133				(320		)		668
Increase in other liabilities	4,478				3,384				510
Net cash provided by operating activities	40,927				38,521				24,373
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities available for sale	1,871				1,145				2,700
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	142,423				107,559				152,882
Principal payments received on securities available for sale	22,870				24,814				31,902
Purchases of securities available for sale	(90,341		)		(105,789		)		(148,174		)
Purchases of other investments	(18,228		)		(14,550		)		(18,604		)
Proceeds from redemptions of other investments	21,412				11,717				15,932
Net loan originations	(181,615		)		(92,189		)		(61,104		)
Purchases of premises and equipment	(9,218		)		(5,545		)		(6,185		)
Proceeds from disposal of premises and equipment	860				42				—
Improvements to property held for sale	(512		)		(1,304		)		(316		)
Proceeds from sale of repossessed assets & property held for sale	5,271				2,365				5,883
Proceeds from sale of Summit Insurance Services, LLC	7,117				—				—
Cash and cash equivalents from acquisition, net of cash consideration paid - 2019 - $12,740; 2017 - $14,989	20,589				—				39,053
Purchases of life insurance contracts	(69		)		—				—
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(77,570		)		(71,735		)		13,969
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase in demand deposit, NOW and savings accounts	204,757				43,282				48
Net decrease in time deposits	(38,409		)		(8,853		)		(45,261		)
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings	(109,739		)		58,585				18,729
Repayment of long-term borrowings	(18		)		(45,016		)		(918		)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	159				237				10
Purchase and retirement of common stock	(10,405		)		(1,689		)		—
Exercise of stock options	7				122				303
Dividends paid on common stock	(7,361		)		(6,545		)		(5,238		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	38,991				40,123				(32,327		)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents	2,348				6,909				6,015
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning	59,540				52,631				46,616
Ending	$	61,888			$	59,540			$	52,631

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - continued

	For the Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash payments for:
Interest	$	29,855			$	25,426			$	18,201
Income taxes	$	7,850			$	7,539			$	5,996
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Real property and other assets acquired in settlement of loans	$	4,600			$	1,822			$	430
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS INCLUDED IN ACQUISITION
Assets acquired	$	100,377			$	—			$	350,894
Liabilities assumed	$	114,151			$	—			$	361,045

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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NOTE 1.  BASIS OF PRESENTATION

We are a financial holding company headquartered in Moorefield, West Virginia.  We offer community banking and trust and wealth management services through our community bank subsidiary, Summit Community Bank (“Summit Community”). We provide commercial and retail banking services primarily in the Eastern Panhandle, Southern and North Central regions of West Virginia and the Northern, Shenandoah Valley and Southwestern regions of Virginia.  

 

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry.

Use of estimates:  We must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in preparing our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Principles of consolidation:  The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Summit and its wholly-owned subsidiary.  All significant accounts and transactions among these entities have been eliminated.

Comprehensive income: Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, cash flow hedges, other post-retirement benefits and pension plans, which are recognized as separate components of equity.

Cash and cash equivalents:  Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, amounts due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), interest bearing deposits with other banks and federal funds sold.

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are valued at the lower of aggregate carrying cost or fair value. Gains or losses realized on the sales of loans are recognized in other income at the time of sale.

Cash surrender value of life insurance policies: We have purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Company owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Presentation of cash flows:  For purposes of reporting, cash flows from demand deposits, NOW accounts, savings accounts and short-term borrowings are reported on a net basis, since their original maturities are less than three months.  Cash flows from loans and certificates of deposit and other time deposits are reported net.

Advertising:  Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Trust services:  Assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not our assets and are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  Trust services income is recognized on the cash basis in accordance with customary banking practice.  Reporting such income on a cash basis does not produce results that are materially different from those that would result from use of the accrual basis.

Transfer of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from us, the transferee obtains the right (free of condition that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and we do not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity date.

Unconsolidated subsidiary trusts:  In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we do not consolidate subsidiary trusts which issue guaranteed preferred beneficial interests in subordinated debentures (Trust Preferred Securities).  The Trust Preferred Securities qualify as Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes. See Note 13 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts.

Significant accounting policies:  The following table identifies our other significant accounting policies and the Note and page where a detailed description of each policy can be found.

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Acquisitions	Note 3	Page 54
Fair Value Measurements	Note 4	Page 56
Debt Securities	Note 5	Page 60
Other Investments	Note 6	Page 64
Loans	Note 7	Page 64
Allowance for Loan Losses	Note 8	Page 73
Property Held for Sale	Note 9	Page 76
Premises and Equipment	Note 10	Page 76
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Note 11	Page 76
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase	Note 13	Page 78
Derivative Financial Instruments	Note 14	Page 79
Income Taxes	Note 15	Page 81
Employee Benefit Plans	Note 16	Page 83
Share-Based Compensation	Note 16	Page 83
Earnings Per Share	Note 19	Page 87
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Note 20	Page 88
Revenue Recognition	Note 21	Page 88

NOTE 2.  SIGNIFICANT NEW AUTHORITATIVE ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE

Recently Adopted

We adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and its related amendments on its required effective date of January 1, 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective approach. Since there was no net income impact upon adoption of the new guidance, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. The impact was insignificant to our consolidated financial position. Total net rent expense included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements was $121,000 in 2019, $305,000 in 2018 and $284,000 in 2017.

We adopted ASU No. 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities on its required effective date of January 1, 2019. This guidance shortens the amortization period for premiums on certain callable debt securities to the earliest call date (with an explicit, noncontingent call feature that is callable at a fixed price and on a preset date), rather than contractual maturity date as currently required under GAAP. The ASU does not impact instruments without preset call dates such as mortgage-backed securities. The adoption of the new pronouncement did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

Pending Adoption

During June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU, as amended, among other things, requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. This ASU, as amended, is effective for SEC filers which are not Smaller Reporting Companies for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Accordingly, we adopted the guidance on January 1, 2020, whereby we increased the allowances for loan credit losses and unfunded commitments by $8.89 million and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $7.02 million (net of deferred income taxes of $1.87 million).

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments modify the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 to add disclosures regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 are also removed or modified. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain of the amendments are to be applied prospectively while others are to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by removing specific exceptions to general principles in Topic 740 (eliminating the need for an organization to analyze whether certain exceptions apply in a given period) and improving financial statement preparers’ application of certain income tax-related guidance. This ASU is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative to make narrow-scope simplifications and improvements to accounting standards through a series of short-term projects. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-12 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. The ASU is based on a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force and is expected to increase comparability in accounting for these transactions. ASU 2016-01 made targeted improvements to accounting for financial instruments, including providing an entity the ability to measure certain equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Among other topics, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting. For public business entities, the amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2020-01 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. ACQUISITIONS

Cornerstone Financial Services, Inc.

On January 1, 2020, Summit Community Bank, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Summit, acquired 100% of the ownership of Cornerstone Financial Services, Inc. ("Cornerstone") and its subsidiary Cornerstone Bank, Inc., headquartered in West Union, West Virginia, for consideration of 570,000 shares of Summit common stock and $14.25 million cash. With this transaction, Summit expanded its footprint into Doddridge, Harrison, Ritchie and Wood counties of West Virginia. Cornerstone's assets and liabilities approximated $195 million and $176 million, respectively at December 31, 2019 and 2019's total revenues, net of interest expense were $3.3 million and 2019 net income totaled $638,000. The acquisition will be accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and is deemed immaterial to our financial statements.

The former Cornerstone offices will continue to operate under that name until close of business on Friday, March 20, 2020, and will commence operating under the name Summit Community Bank on Monday, March 23, 2020.

Peoples Bankshares, Inc.

On January 1, 2019, Summit Community Bank, Inc. acquired 100% of the ownership of Peoples Bankshares, Inc. ("PBI") and its subsidiary First Peoples Bank, Inc., headquartered in Mullens, West Virginia, for consideration of 465,931 shares of Summit common stock and $12.7 million cash. With this transaction, Summit expanded its footprint into Wyoming and Raleigh counties of West Virginia. PBI's assets and liabilities approximated $133 million and $113 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018 and 2018's total revenues, net of interest expense were $3.6 million and 2018 net income totaled $21,000. The acquisition was deemed immaterial to our financial statements.

We accounted for the acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of PBI were recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities, particularly related to the loan portfolio, is a complicated process involving significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate the estimated fair values. The fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the acquisition date as additional information relative to the acquisition date fair values becomes available. We recognized goodwill of $2.10 million in connection with the acquisition (not deductible for income tax purposes), which is not amortized for financial reporting purposes, but is subject to annual impairment testing. The core deposit intangible represents the value of long-term deposit relationships acquired in this transaction and will be amortized over an estimated weighted average life of 15 years using an accelerated method which approximates the estimated run-off of the acquired deposits. The following table details the total consideration paid on January 1, 2019 in connection with the acquisition of PBI, the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the resulting preliminary goodwill.

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(Dollars in thousands)		As Recorded by PBI				Estimated Fair Value Adjustments				Estimated Fair Values as Recorded by Summit
Cash consideration										$	12,740
Stock consideration										8,997
Total consideration										21,737
Identifiable assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	33,422			$	(93	)		$	33,329
Securities available for sale, at fair value		55,206				(93		)		55,113
Loans
Purchased performing		42,376				(977		)		41,399
Purchased credit impaired		—				—				—
Allowance for loan losses		(410		)		410				—
Premises and equipment		1,382				(567		)		815
Property held for sale		—				—				—
Core deposit intangibles		—				2,129				2,129
Other assets		1,110				(100		)		1,010
Total identifiable assets acquired		$	133,086			$	709			$	133,795
Identifiable liabilities assumed:
Deposits		112,064				315				112,379
Other liabilities		1,422				353				1,775
Total identifiable liabilities assumed		$	113,486			$	668			$	114,154
Net identifiable assets acquired		$	19,600			$	41			$	19,641
Goodwill resulting from acquisition										$	2,096

The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented above.

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets, with the exception of certificates of deposits held at other banks, which were adjusted to fair value based upon current interest rates.

Securities: Fair values for securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value estimates are based on observable inputs including quoted market prices for similar instruments, quoted market prices that are not in an active market or other inputs that are observable in the market.

Loans: Fair values for loans are based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considered factors including the type of loan and related collateral, collectibility, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan, amortization status and current market rates. Loans were grouped together according to similar characteristics and were treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. The discount rates used for loans are based on current market rates for new originations of comparable loans and include adjustments for liquidity concerns, if any.

Premises and equipment: The fair value of PBI's real property was determined based upon appraisals by licensed appraisers. The fair value of tangible personal property, which is not material, was assumed to equal the carrying value by PBI.

Core deposit intangible: This intangible asset represents the value of the relationships with deposit customers. The fair value was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology that gave appropriate consideration to expected customer attrition rates, cost of the deposit base, reserve requirements and the net maintenance cost attributable to customer deposits.

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Deposits: The fair values of the demand and savings deposits by definition equal the amount payable on demand at the acquisition date. The fair values for time deposits are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered to the contractual interest rates on such time deposits.

Loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on the date of acquisition without the carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. Purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans are those for which there is evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at the date of acquisition that we will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. When determining fair value, PCI loans are identified as of the date of acquisition based upon evidence of credit quality such as internal risk grades and past due and nonaccrual status. The difference between contractually required payments of principal and interest at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is accounted for as a"nonaccretable difference," and is available to absorb future credit losses on those loans. For purposes of determining the nonaccretable difference, no prepayments are generally assumed in determining contractually required payments of principal and interest or cash flows expected to be collected. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent significant increases in cash flows may result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges, or a transfer from nonaccretable difference to accretable yield. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is accounted for as accretable yield and is recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows. No acquired PBI loans were designated as PCI loans.

Loans not designated PCI loans as of the acquisition date are designated purchased performing loans. We account for purchased performing loans using the contractual cash flows method of recognizing discount accretion based on the acquired loans’ contractual cash flows. Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value, including a credit discount. The fair value discount is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the loans. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for purchased performing loans. A provision for loan losses is recorded for any deterioration in these loans subsequent to the acquisition.

The following presents the financial effects of adjustments recognized in the statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 related to all business combinations.

	Income increase (decrease)
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
Interest and fees on loans	$	694			$	386			$	825
Interest expense on deposits	316				205				237
Amortization of intangibles	(1,634		)		(1,471		)		(1,210		)
Income before income tax expense	$	(624	)		$	(880	)		$	(148	)

Pending MVB Bank Branches Acquisition

On November 22, 2019, Summit announced the signing of a definitive agreement under which Summit Community Bank, Inc. will acquire three MVB Bank locations in Berkeley County, West Virginia and one MVB Bank location in Jefferson County, West Virginia. The transaction is expected to close early second quarter 2020. Summit will assume certain deposits and loans whose balances at December 31, 2019, were approximately $190 million and $40 million, respectively.

NOTE 4.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

In accordance with ASU 2016-01 - Recognition and measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, fair value is based upon the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  A fair value hierarchy is utilized to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) or identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

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Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

        

Accordingly, securities available-for-sale and derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for sale, property held for sale and impaired loans held for investment.  These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to their short term nature.

Debt Securities Available for Sale:  Debt Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available.  If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions.  Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds.  Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Certain trust preferred securities classified as corporate debt securities are Level 3 due to limited market trades of these classes of securities.

Other Investments: The carrying value of other investments, consisting principally of Federal Home Loan Bank stock, is a reasonable estimate of fair value of this stock. This stock is non-transferable and can only be redeemed at its par value by FHLB.

Derivative Financial Instruments:  Derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based on pricing models run by a third-party, utilizing observable market-based inputs.  All future floating cash flows are projected and both floating and fixed cash flows are discounted to the valuation date.  As a result, we classify interest rate swaps as Level 2.

Loans Held for Sale:  Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.  The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics.  As such, we classify loans subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 2.

Loans:  We do not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan loss is established.  Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired.  Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment using one of several methods, including collateral value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the discounted cash flows or collateral value exceeds the recorded investments in such loans. These loans are carried at recorded loan investment and therefore are not included in the following tables of loans measured at fair value. Impaired loans internally graded as substandard or doubtful are evaluated using the fair value of collateral method.  All other impaired loans are measured for impairment using the discounted cash flows method. Impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral are included in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, we record the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When a current appraised value is not available and there is no observable market price, we record the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 3.  

When impaired loans are deemed required to be included in the fair value hierarchy, management immediately begins the process of evaluating the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral to determine if a related specific allowance for loan losses or charge-off is necessary.  Current appraisals are ordered once a loan is deemed impaired if the existing appraisal is more than twelve months old, or more frequently if there is known deterioration in value. For recently identified impaired loans, a current appraisal may not be available at the financial statement date. Until the current appraisal is obtained, the original appraised value is discounted, as appropriate, to compensate for the estimated depreciation in the value of the loan’s underlying collateral since the date of the original appraisal.  Such discounts are generally estimated based upon management’s knowledge of sales of similar collateral within the applicable market area and its knowledge of other real estate market-related data as well as general economic trends.  When a new appraisal is received (which is generally within 3 months of a loan being identified as impaired), management then re-evaluates the fair value of the collateral and adjusts any specific allocated

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allowance for loan losses, as appropriate.  In addition, management also assigns a discount of 7–10% for the estimated costs to sell the collateral.

Property Held for Sale:  Property held for sale consists of real estate acquired in foreclosure or other settlement of loans. Foreclosed assets are initially recorded at fair value, less estimated selling costs, when acquired establishing a new cost basis. Such assets are carried on the balance sheet at the lower of the investment in the real estate or its fair value less estimated selling costs.  The fair value of foreclosed properties is determined on a nonrecurring basis generally utilizing current appraisals performed by an independent, licensed appraiser applying an income or market value approach using observable market data (Level 2).  Updated appraisals of foreclosed properties are generally obtained if the existing appraisal is more than 18 months old or more frequently if there is a known deterioration in value.  However, if a current appraisal is not available, the original appraised value is discounted, as appropriate, to compensate for the estimated depreciation in the value of the real estate since the date of its original appraisal.  Such discounts are generally estimated based upon management’s knowledge of sales of similar property within the applicable market area and its knowledge of other real estate market-related data as well as general economic trends (Level 3).  Upon foreclosure, any fair value adjustment is charged against the allowance for loan losses.  Subsequent fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and included in other noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

	Balance at				Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2019				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government sponsored agencies	$	20,864			$	—			$	20,864			$	—
Mortgage backed securities:
Government sponsored agencies	70,975				—				70,975				—
Nongovernment sponsored entities	10,229				—				10,229				—
State and political subdivisions	49,973				—				49,973				—
Corporate debt securities	18,200				—				18,200				—
Asset-backed securities	33,014				—				33,014				—
Tax-exempt state and political subdivisions	73,100				—				73,100				—
Total available for sale securities	$	276,355			$	—			$	276,355			$	—
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate swaps	$	988			$	—			$	988			$	—

	Balance at				Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2018				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government sponsored agencies	$	26,140			$	—			$	26,140			$	—
Mortgage backed securities:
Government sponsored agencies	80,309				—				80,309				—
Nongovernment sponsored entities	614				—				614				—
State and political subdivisions	19,243				—				19,243				—
Corporate debt securities	14,512				—				14,512				—
Asset-backed securities	25,175				—				25,175				—
Tax-exempt state and political subdivisions	127,154				—				127,154				—
Total available for sale securities	$	293,147			$	—			$	293,147			$	—
Derivative financial assets
Interest rate swaps	$	555			$	—			$	555			$	—
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate swaps	$	411			$	—			$	411			$	—

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Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period.  Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are included in the tables below.

	Balance at				Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2019				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	1,319			$	—			$	1,319			$	—
Collateral-dependent impaired loans
Commercial	$	4,831			$	—			$	4,831			$	—
Commercial real estate	1,863				—				1,863				—
Construction and development	425				—				425				—
Residential real estate	692				—				566				126
Total collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	7,811			$	—			$	7,685			$	126
Property held for sale
Commercial real estate	$	1,304			$	—			$	1,304			$	—
Construction and development	12,182				—				12,182				—
Residential real estate	705				—				705				—
Total property held for sale	$	14,191			$	—			$	14,191			$	—

	Balance at				Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2018				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	400			$	—			$	400			$	—
Collateral-dependent impaired loans
Commercial	$	2,660			—				$	2,611			$	49
Commercial real estate	420				—				420				—
Construction and development	759				—				759				—
Residential real estate	763				—				763				—
Total collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	4,602			$	—			$	4,553			$	49
Property held for sale
Commercial real estate	$	1,677			$	—			$	1,677			$	—
Construction and development	16,363				—				16,363				—
Residential real estate	403				—				403				—
Total property held for sale	$	18,443			$	—			$	18,443			$	—

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The following tables present the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

		At December 31,
		2019								Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands		Carrying Value				Estimated Fair Value				Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	61,888			$	61,888			$	—		$	61,888		$	—
Securities available for sale		276,355				276,355				—			276,355			—
Other investments		12,972				12,972				—			12,972			—
Loans held for sale, net		1,319				1,319				—			1,319			—
Loans, net		1,900,425				1,901,020				—			7,685			1,893,335
Accrued interest receivable		8,439				8,439				—			8,439			—
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		43,603				43,603				—			43,603			—
Derivative financial assets		—				—				—			—			—
		$	2,305,001			$	2,305,596			$	—		$	412,261		$	1,893,335
Financial liabilities
Deposits		$	1,913,237			$	1,918,610			$	—		$	1,918,610		$	—
Short-term borrowings		199,345				199,345				—			199,345			—
Long-term borrowings		717				854				—			854			—
Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts		19,589				19,589				—			19,589			—
Accrued interest payable		1,234				1,234				—			1,234			—
Derivative financial liabilities		988				988				—			988			—
		$	2,135,110			$	2,140,620			$	—		$	2,140,620		$	—

		At December 31
			2018								Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands			Carrying Value				Estimated Fair Value				Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents			$	59,540			$	59,540			$	—		$	59,540		$	—
Securities available for sale			293,147				293,147				—			293,147			—
Other investments			16,635				16,635				—			16,635			—
Loans held for sale, net			400				400				—			400			—
Loans, net			1,682,005				1,666,834				—			4,553			1,662,281
Accrued interest receivable			8,708				8,708				—			8,708			—
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies			42,386				42,386				—			42,386			—
Derivative financial assets			555				555				—			555			—
			$	2,103,376			$	2,088,205			$	—		$	425,924		$	1,662,281
Financial liabilities
Deposits			$	1,634,826			$	1,631,456			$	—		$	1,631,456		$	—
Short-term borrowings			309,084				309,084				—			309,084			—
Long-term borrowings			735				843				—			843			—
Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts			19,589				19,589				—			19,589			—
Accrued interest payable			1,102				1,102				—			1,102			—
Derivative financial liabilities			411				411				—			411			—
			$	1,965,747			$	1,962,485			$	—		$	1,962,485		$	—

NOTE 5.  DEBT SECURITIES

We classify debt securities as “held to maturity”, “available for sale” or “trading” according to management’s intent.  The appropriate classification is determined at the time of purchase of each security and re-evaluated at each reporting date.

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Securities held to maturity: Certain debt securities for which we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.  There are no securities classified as held to maturity in the accompanying financial statements.

Securities available for sale: Securities not classified as "held to maturity" or as "trading" are classified as "available for sale."  Securities classified as "available for sale" are those securities that we intend to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity.  "Available for sale" securities are reported at estimated fair value net of unrealized gains or losses, which are adjusted for applicable income taxes and reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity.

Trading securities: There are no securities classified as "trading" in the accompanying financial statements.

Impairment assessment:  Impairment exists when the fair value of a security is less than its cost.  Cost includes adjustments made to the cost basis of a security for accretion, amortization and previous other-than-temporary impairments.  We perform a quarterly assessment of the debt securities in our investment portfolio that have an unrealized loss to determine whether the decline in the fair value of these securities below their cost is other-than-temporary.  This determination requires significant judgment.  Impairment is considered other-than-temporary when it becomes probable that we will be unable to recover the cost of an investment.  This assessment takes into consideration factors such as the length of time and the extent to which the market values have been less than cost, the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer including events specific to the issuer or industry, defaults or deferrals of scheduled interest, principal or dividend payments, external credit ratings and recent downgrades and our intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in fair value.  If a decline in fair value is judged to be other than temporary, the cost basis of the individual security is written down to fair value which then becomes the new cost basis.  The amount of the write down is included in other-than-temporary impairment of securities in the consolidated statements of income.  The new cost basis is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value, if any.

Realized gains and losses on sales of securities are recognized on the specific identification method.  Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are computed using the interest method.

The amortized cost, unrealized gains, unrealized losses and estimated fair values of securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018, are summarized as follows:

	December 31, 2019
	Amortized				Unrealized
Dollars in thousands	Cost				Gains				Losses				Fair Value
Available for Sale
Taxable debt securities
U.S. Government and agencies and corporations	$	21,036			$	212			$	384			$	20,864
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government-sponsored agencies	70,379				1,031				435				70,975
Nongovernment-sponsored entities	10,253				17				41				10,229
State and political subdivisions
General obligations	12,603				25				171				12,457
Water and sewer revenues	7,170				71				114				7,127
Lease revenues	5,310				25				77				5,258
University revenues	5,917				164				16				6,065
Other revenues	18,831				344				109				19,066
Corporate debt securities	18,268				81				149				18,200
Asset-backed securities	33,826				—				812				33,014
Total taxable debt securities	203,593				1,970				2,308				203,255
Tax-exempt debt securities
State and political subdivisions
General obligations	36,673				2,526				—				39,199
Water and sewer revenues	9,565				633				—				10,198
Lease revenues	8,455				598				—				9,053
Other revenues	13,929				728				7				14,650
Total tax-exempt debt securities	68,622				4,485				7				73,100
Total available for sale securities	$	272,215			$	6,455			$	2,315			$	276,355

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	December 31, 2018
	Amortized				Unrealized
Dollars in thousands	Cost				Gains				Losses				Fair Value
Available for Sale
Taxable debt securities
U.S. Government and agencies and corporations	$	26,303			$	203			$	366			$	26,140
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government-sponsored agencies	80,883				603				1,177				80,309
Nongovernment-sponsored entities	611				4				1				614
State and political subdivisions
General obligations	6,081				—				126				5,955
Other revenues	13,457				17				186				13,288
Corporate debt securities	14,807				9				304				14,512
Asset-backed securities	25,288				10				123				25,175
Total taxable debt securities	167,430				846				2,283				165,993
Tax-exempt debt securities
State and political subdivisions
General obligations	65,626				624				344				65,906
Water and sewer revenues	20,018				225				98				20,145
Lease revenues	10,980				135				7				11,108
Other revenues	30,197				77				279				29,995
Total tax-exempt debt securities	126,821				1,061				728				127,154
Total available for sale securities	$	294,251			$	1,907			$	3,011			$	293,147

The below information is relative to the five states where issuers with the highest volume of state and political subdivision securities held in our portfolio are located.  We own no such securities of any single issuer which we deem to be a concentration.

	December 31, 2019
	Amortized				Unrealized
Dollars in thousands	Cost				Gains				Losses				Fair Value
California	$	21,194			$	1,109			$	128			$	22,175
Michigan	10,864				623				—				11,487
Illinois	9,245				410				—				9,655
Texas	8,934				344				64				9,214
West Virginia	8,490				206				7				8,689

Management performs pre-purchase and ongoing analysis to confirm that all investment securities meet applicable credit quality standards.  We principally use credit ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) to support analyses of our portfolio of securities issued by state and political subdivisions, as we generally do not purchase securities that are rated below the six highest NRSRO rating categories.  In addition to considering a security’s NRSRO rating, we also assess or confirm through an internal review of an issuer’s financial information and other applicable information that:  1) the issuer’s risk of default is low; 2) the characteristics of the issuer’s demographics and economic environment are satisfactory; and 3) the issuer’s budgetary position and stability of tax or other revenue sources are sound.

The proceeds from sales, calls and maturities of available for sale securities, including principal payments received on mortgage-backed obligations, and the related gross gains and losses realized are as follows:

Dollars in thousands		Proceeds from												Gross realized
						Calls and				Principal
Years ended December 31,		Sales				Maturities				Payments				Gains				Losses
2019		$	142,423			$	1,871			$	22,870			$	2,270			$	332
2018		107,559				1,145				24,814				1,785				1,163
2017		152,882				2,700				31,902				685				699

Residential mortgage-backed obligations having contractual maturities ranging from 5 to 50 years are included in the following maturity distribution schedules based on their anticipated average life to maturity, which ranges from 1 month to 32

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years.  Accordingly, discounts are accreted and premiums are amortized over the anticipated average life to maturity of the specific obligation.

The maturities, amortized cost and estimated fair values of securities at December 31, 2019, are summarized as follows:

Dollars in thousands		Amortized Cost				Fair Value
Due in one year or less		$	29,692			$	29,768
Due from one to five years		79,060				79,170
Due from five to ten years		60,439				60,627
Due after ten years		103,024				106,790
Total		$	272,215			$	276,355

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, securities with estimated fair values of $86.1 million and $58.6 million respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

We held 88 available for sale securities having an unrealized loss at December 31, 2019.  We do not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases.  We believe that this decline in value is primarily attributable to the lack of market liquidity and to changes in market interest rates and not due to credit quality.  Accordingly, no other-than-temporary impairment charge to earnings is warranted at this time.

Provided below is a summary of securities available for sale which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	2019
		Less than 12 months								12 months or more								Total
Dollars in thousands	# of securities in loss position	Fair Value				Unrealized Loss				Fair Value				Unrealized Loss				Fair Value				Unrealized Loss
Taxable debt securities
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	15	$	—			$	—			$	14,903			$	384			$	14,903			$	384
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government-sponsored agencies	21	12,298				96				15,174				339				27,472				435
Nongovernment-sponsored entities	4	8,323				41				—				—				8,323				41
State and political subdivisions:
General obligations	10	10,581				171				—				—				10,581				171
Water and sewer revenues	4	4,421				114				—				—				4,421				114
Lease revenues	4	4,235				77				—				—				4,235				77
University revenues	1	1,307				16				—				—				1,307				16
Other revenues	6	6,517				109				—				—				6,517				109
Corporate debt securities	6	1,686				3				3,739				146				5,425				149
Asset-backed securities	15	3,441				34				29,573				778				33,014				812
Tax-exempt debt securities
State and political subdivisions:
Other revenues	2	1,183				7				—				—				1,183				7
Total	88	$	53,992			$	668			$	63,389			$	1,647			$	117,381			$	2,315

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	2018
		Less than 12 months								12 months or more								Total
Dollars in thousands	# of securities in loss position	Fair Value				Unrealized Loss				Fair Value				Unrealized Loss				Fair Value				Unrealized Loss
Taxable debt securities
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	15	$	12,185			$	184			$	7,464			$	182			$	19,649			$	366
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government-sponsored agencies	37	23,277				241				24,472				936				47,749				1,177
Nongovernment-sponsored entities	1	—				—				436				1				436				1
State and political subdivisions:
General obligations	8	—				—				5,222				126				5,222				126
Other revenues	11	968				16				9,450				170				10,418				186
Corporate debt securities	7	2,759				109				4,587				195				7,346				304
Asset-backed securities	9	20,129				123				—				—				20,129				123
Tax-exempt debt securities
State and political subdivisions:
General obligations	25	7,273				50				16,830				294				24,103				344
Water and sewer revenues	7	989				6				4,311				92				5,300				98
Lease revenues	2	553				—				557				7				1,110				7
Other revenues	12	7,309				62				11,531				217				18,840				279
Total	134	$	75,442			$	791			$	84,860			$	2,220			$	160,302			$	3,011

NOTE 6. OTHER INVESTMENTS

Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment. Our equity securities totaled $137,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

We are a member bank of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings from FHLB and other factors. FHLB stock is carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Dividends are reported as income as earned. This stock totaled $8.9 million and $13.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

We have invested in two limited partnerships which own interests in diversified portfolios of qualified affordable housing projects. Also, we have purchased substantially all the interest in a limited liability company owning a qualified rehabilitated multi-family housing project. As result of these investments, Summit is allocated its proportional share of each investees’ operating losses and Federal Low-Income Housing and Rehabilitation Tax Credits. We use the proportional amortization method to account for each of these investments, whereby the cost of the investment is amortized in proportion to the amount of tax credits and other tax benefits received, and the net investment performance is recognized in the consolidated statement of income as a component of the provision for current income taxes. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our carrying value of these investments totaled $3.9 million and $3.35 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we realized $669,000, $1,544,000 and $927,000, respectively, in tax credits and other tax benefits on these investments, against which we amortized these investments $552,000, $1.27 million and $680,000 and recognized income tax benefits of $117,000, $274,000 and $247,000.

NOTE 7.  LOANS

Loans are generally stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by unearned discount and allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is accrued daily on the outstanding balances.  Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and amortized as adjustments of the related loan yield over its contractual life. We categorize residential real estate loans in excess of $600,000 as jumbo loans.

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Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest is greater than 90 days past due based upon the loan's contractual terms.  Interest is accrued daily on impaired loans unless the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.  Impaired loans are placed on nonaccrual status when the payments of principal and interest are in default for a period of 90 days, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection.  Interest on nonaccrual loans is recognized primarily using the cost-recovery method.  Loans may be returned to accrual status when repayment is reasonably assured and there has been demonstrated performance under the terms of the loan or, if applicable, the terms of the restructured loans.

Commercial-related loans or portions thereof are charged off to the allowance for loan losses when the loss has been confirmed.  This determination is made on a case by case basis considering many factors, including the prioritization of our claim in bankruptcy, expectations of the workout/restructuring of the loan and valuation of the borrower’s equity.  We deem a loss confirmed when a loan or a portion of a loan is classified “loss” in accordance with bank regulatory classification guidelines, which state, “Assets classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted”.

 

Consumer-related loans are generally charged to the allowance for loan losses upon reaching specified stages of delinquency, in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council policy.  For example, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.  Residential mortgage loans are generally charged off to net realizable value no later than when the account becomes 180 days past due.  Other consumer loans, if collateralized, are generally charged off to net realizable value at 120 days past due.

Loans are summarized as follows:

Dollars in thousands		2019				2018
Commercial		$	207,138			$	194,315
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied		276,218				266,362
Non-owner occupied		629,206				564,826
Construction and development
Land and land development		84,112				68,833
Construction		37,523				24,731
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo		354,963				336,977
Jumbo		70,947				73,599
Home equity		76,568				80,910
Mortgage warehouse lines		126,237				39,140
Consumer		36,470				32,460
Other		14,117				12,899
Total loans, net of unearned fees		1,913,499				1,695,052
Less allowance for loan losses		13,074				13,047
Loans, net		$	1,900,425			$	1,682,005

The outstanding balance and the recorded investment of acquired loans included in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

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		Acquired Loans
		2019												2018
Dollars in thousands		Purchased Credit Impaired				Purchased Performing				Total				Purchased Credit Impaired				Purchased Performing				Total
Outstanding balance		$	3,488			$	131,745			$	135,233			$	4,275			$	138,167			$	142,442
Recorded investment
Commercial		$	—			$	3,333			$	3,333			$	—			$	3,934			$	3,934
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied		—				17,416				17,416				—				16,133				16,133
Non-owner occupied		653				12,957				13,610				1,162				23,431				24,593
Construction and development
Land and land development		—				3,031				3,031				—				5,161				5,161
Construction		—				—				—				—				—				—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo		1,247				83,856				85,103				1,374				77,894				79,268
Jumbo		944				3,055				3,999				975				2,577				3,552
Home equity		—				2,144				2,144				—				2,805				2,805
Consumer		—				4,159				4,159				—				4,630				4,630
Other		—				13				13				—				122				122
Total recorded investment		$	2,844			$	129,964			$	132,808			$	3,511			$	136,687			$	140,198

The following table presents a summary of the change in the accretable yield of the purchased credit impaired ("PCI") loan portfolio during 2019 and 2018:

Dollars in thousands		2019				2018
Accretable yield, January 1		$	632			$	745
Accretion		(63		)		(115		)
Reclassification of nonaccretable difference due to improvement in expected cash flows		—				—
Other changes, net		(46		)		2
Accretable yield, December 31		$	523			$	632

The following presents loan maturities at December 31, 2019:

	Within				After 1 but				After
Dollars in thousands	1 Year				within 5 Years				5 Years
Commercial	$	101,625			$	63,132			$	42,381
Commercial real estate	88,846				119,993				696,585
Construction and development	43,713				28,611				49,311
Residential real estate	25,830				39,072				437,576
Mortgage warehouse lines	126,237				—				—
Consumer	5,247				25,849				5,374
Other	1,026				6,232				6,859
	$	392,524			$	282,889			$	1,238,086
Loans due after one year with:
Variable rates					$	564,490
Fixed rates					956,485
					$	1,520,975

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The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	At December 31, 2019
	Past Due																				> 90 days and Accruing
Dollars in thousands	30-59 days				60-89 days				> 90 days				Total				Current
Commercial	$	216			$	—			$	383			$	599			$	206,539			$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	119				137				4,035				4,291				271,927				—
Non-owner occupied	879				179				1,363				2,421				626,785				—
Construction and development
Land and land development	208				28				188				424				83,688				—
Construction	—				—				138				138				37,385				—
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo	4,172				826				1,877				6,875				348,088				—
Jumbo	—				—				—				—				70,947				—
Home equity	760				—				223				983				75,585				—
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				126,237				—
Consumer	208				86				112				406				36,064				42
Other	—				—				100				100				14,017				—
Total	$	6,562			$	1,256			$	8,419			$	16,237			$	1,897,262			$	42

 

	At December 31, 2018
	Past Due																				> 90 days and Accruing
Dollars in thousands	30-59 days				60-89 days				> 90 days				Total				Current
Commercial	$	254			$	51			$	483			$	788			$	193,527			$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	—				—				612				612				265,750				—
Non-owner occupied	156				255				1,756				2,167				562,659				—
Construction and development
Land and land development	190				4				3,174				3,368				65,465				—
Construction	—				—				—				—				24,731				—
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo	4,120				2,235				3,753				10,108				326,869				—
Jumbo	—				—				675				675				72,924				—
Home equity	754				261				181				1,196				79,714				—
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				39,140				—
Consumer	502				121				125				748				31,712				36
Other	31				—				—				31				12,868				—
Total	$	6,007			$	2,927			$	10,759			$	19,693			$	1,675,359			$	36

Nonaccrual loans:  The following table presents the nonaccrual loans included in the net balance of loans at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

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Dollars in thousands		2019				2018
Commercial		$	764			$	935
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied		4,198				1,028
Non-owner occupied		1,602				2,210
Construction and development
Land & land development		188				3,198
Construction		138				—
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo		4,120				6,532
Jumbo		—				675
Home equity		284				299
Mortgage warehouse lines		—				—
Consumer		74				112
Other		100				—
Total		$	11,468			$	14,989

 

Impaired loans:  Impaired loans include the following:

▪

Loans which we risk-rate (consisting of loan relationships having aggregate balances in excess of $2.5 million, or loans exceeding $500,000 and exhibiting credit weakness) through our normal loan review procedures and which, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement.   Risk-rated loans with insignificant delays or insignificant short falls in the amount of payments expected to be collected are not considered to be impaired.

▪	Loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring.

Both commercial and consumer loans are deemed impaired upon being contractually modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Troubled debt restructurings typically result from our loss mitigation activities and occur when we grant a concession to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty in order to minimize our economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.  Once restructured, a loan is generally considered impaired until its maturity, regardless of whether the borrower performs under the modified terms.  Although such a loan may be returned to accrual status if the criteria set forth in our accounting policy are met, the loan would continue to be evaluated for an asset-specific allowance for loan losses and we would continue to report the loan in the impaired loan table below.

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The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	December 31, 2019
Dollars in thousands	Recorded Investment				Unpaid Principal Balance				Related Allowance				Average Impaired Balance				Interest Income Recognized while impaired
Without a related allowance
Commercial	$	403			$	403			$	—			$	467			$	21
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	7,223				7,224				—				7,534				224
Non-owner occupied	8,514				8,515				—				9,389				495
Construction and development
Land & land development	945				945				—				1,143				65
Construction	—				—				—				—				—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	3,387				3,393				—				3,787				217
Jumbo	3,980				3,979				—				4,017				210
Home equity	523				523				—				523				27
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				—
Consumer	13				13				—				14				2
Total without a related allowance	$	24,988			$	24,995			$	—			$	26,874			$	1,261
With a related allowance
Commercial	$	4,882			$	4,882			$	51			$	4,786			$	274
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	3,862				3,866				409				3,893				113
Non-owner occupied	540				544				113				535				5
Construction and development
Land & land development	1,015				1,015				589				1,030				51
Construction	—				—				—				—				—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	1,876				1,874				173				2,112				59
Jumbo	—				—				—				—				—
Home equity	—				—				—				—				—
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				—
Consumer	—				—				—				—				—
Total with a related allowance	$	12,175			$	12,181			$	1,335			$	12,356			$	502
Total
Commercial	$	27,384			$	27,394			$	1,162			$	28,777			$	1,248
Residential real estate	9,766				9,769				173				10,439				513
Consumer	13				13				—				14				2
Total	$	37,163			$	37,176			$	1,335			$	39,230			$	1,763

The above table does not include PCI loans.

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	December 31, 2018
Dollars in thousands	Recorded Investment				Unpaid Principal Balance				Related Allowance				Average Impaired Balance				Interest Income Recognized while impaired
Without a related allowance
Commercial	$	1,019			$	1,253			$	—			$	321			$	16
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	8,600				8,605				—				7,730				318
Non-owner occupied	9,666				9,673				—				9,753				493
Construction and development
Land & land development	4,767				4,767				—				4,947				102
Construction	—				—				—				—				—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	3,279				3,284				—				3,401				180
Jumbo	4,132				4,130				—				3,517				166
Home equity	523				523				—				523				30
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				—
Consumer	9				10				—				13				1
Total without a related allowance	$	31,995			$	32,245			$	—			$	30,205			$	1,306
With a related allowance
Commercial	$	3,343			$	3,342			$	682			$	705			$	39
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	2,969				2,969				462				2,397				117
Non-owner occupied	189				191				9				226				16
Construction and development
Land & land development	1,057				1,057				298				1,073				56
Construction	—				—				—				—				—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	2,982				2,981				585				2,539				98
Jumbo	821				822				106				827				48
Home equity	—				—				—				—				—
Mortgage warehouse lines	—				—				—				—				—
Consumer	—				—				—				—				—
Total with a related allowance	$	11,361			$	11,362			$	2,142			$	7,767			$	374
Total
Commercial	$	31,610			$	31,857			$	1,451			$	27,152			$	1,157
Residential real estate	11,737				11,740				691				10,807				522
Consumer	9				10				—				13				1
Total	$	43,356			$	43,607			$	2,142			$	37,972			$	1,680

The above table does not include PCI loans.

The average recorded investment of impaired loans during 2017 was $35.6 million and $2.2 million interest income was recognized on those loans while impaired.

A modification of a loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession that we would not otherwise consider. This may include a transfer of real estate or other assets from the borrower, a modification of loan terms, or a combination of both.  A loan continues to be classified as a TDR for the life of the loan.  Included in impaired loans are TDRs of $25.7 million, of which $22.9 million were current with respect to restructured contractual payments at December 31, 2019 and $27 million, of which $26.6 million were current with respect to restructured contractual payments at December 31, 2018.  There were no commitments to lend additional funds under these restructurings at either balance sheet date.

The following table presents by class the TDRs that were restructured during 2019 and 2018.  Generally, the modifications were extensions of term, modifying the payment terms from principal and interest to interest only for an extended period, or reduction in interest rate.  All TDRs are evaluated individually for allowance for loan loss purposes.

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	2019											2018
Dollars in thousands	Number of Modifications			Pre-modification Recorded Investment				Post-modification Recorded Investment				Number of Modifications			Pre-modification Recorded Investment				Post-modification Recorded Investment
Commercial	—			$	—			$	—			2			$	157			$	157
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	1			325				325				—			—				—
Non-owner occupied	4			324				324				2			183				183
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	7			410				410				8			899				899
Consumer	1			15				15				—			—				—
Total	13			$	1,074			$	1,074			12			$	1,239			$	1,239

The following table presents defaults during the stated period of TDRs that were restructured during the past twelve months.  For purposes of these tables, a default is considered as either the loan was past due 30 days or more at any time during the period, or the loan was fully or partially charged off during the period. 

	2019							2018
Dollars in thousands	Number of Defaults			Recorded Investment at Default Date				Number of Defaults			Recorded Investment at Default Date
Commercial	—			$	—			2			$	157
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied	2			178				—			—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	3			174				7			847
Total	5			$	352			9			$	1,004

The following table details the activity regarding TDRs by loan type during 2019 and the related allowance on TDRs.

2019
	Construction & Land Development												Commercial Real Estate								Residential Real Estate
Dollars in thousands	Land & Land Develop- ment				Construc- tion				Commer- cial				Owner Occupied				Non- Owner Occupied				Non- jumbo				Jumbo				Home Equity				Mortgage Warehouse Lines				Con- sumer				Other				Total
Troubled debt restructurings
Balance January 1, 2019	$	2,654			$	—			$	273			$	9,365			$	5,404			$	4,490			$	4,278			$	523			$	—			$	10			$	—			$	26,997
Additions	—				—				—				325				324				410				—				—				—				15				—				1,074
Charge-offs	—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Net (paydowns) advances	(694		)		—				(71		)		(204		)		(203		)		(287		)		(924		)		—				—				(12		)		—				(2,395		)
Transfer into foreclosed properties	—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Refinance out of TDR status	—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	1,960			$	—			$	202			$	9,486			$	5,525			$	4,613			$	3,354			$	523			$	—			$	13			$	—			$	25,676
Allowance related to troubled debt restructurings	$	589			$	—			$	4			$	245			$	—			$	163			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	1,001

We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk.  We internally grade all commercial loans at the time of loan origination. In addition, we perform an annual loan review on all non-homogenous commercial loan relationships with an aggregate exposure of $2.5 million, at which time these loans are re-graded. We use the following definitions for our risk grades:

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Pass: Loans graded as Pass are loans to borrowers of acceptable credit quality and risk. They are higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below.

OLEM (Special Mention):  Commercial loans categorized as OLEM are potentially weak. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet represent a risk given certain specific circumstances. If the potential weaknesses are not monitored or mitigated, the asset may weaken or inadequately protect our position in the future.

Substandard:   Commercial loans categorized as Substandard are inadequately protected by the borrower’s ability to repay, equity and/or the collateral pledged to secure the loan. These loans have identified weaknesses that could hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the identified weaknesses are not mitigated.

Doubtful:  Commercial loans categorized as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as Substandard, with the added elements that the full collection of the loan is improbable and the possibility of loss is high.

Loss:  Loans classified as loss are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future.

The following table presents the recorded investment in construction and development, commercial and commercial real estate loans which are generally evaluated based upon our internal risk ratings defined above.

Loan Risk Profile by Internal Risk Rating
	Construction and Development																								Commercial Real Estate
	Land and Land Development								Construction								Commercial								Owner Occupied								Non-Owner Occupied								Mortgage Warehouse Lines
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2019				2018				2019				2018				2019				2018				2019				2018				2019				2018
Pass	$	82,317			$	63,743			$	37,385			$	24,589			$	200,313			$	182,651			$	269,357			$	259,360			$	622,857			$	556,609			$	126,237			$	39,140
OLEM (Special Mention)	454				472				138				142				1,052				6,748				2,184				1,864				1,876				1,554				—				—
Substandard	1,341				4,618				—				—				5,773				4,916				4,677				5,138				4,473				6,663				—				—
Doubtful	—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Loss	—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Total	$	84,112			$	68,833			$	37,523			$	24,731			$	207,138			$	194,315			$	276,218			$	266,362			$	629,206			$	564,826			$	126,237			$	39,140

 

The following table presents the recorded investment in consumer, residential real estate and home equity loans, which are generally evaluated based on the aging status of the loans, which was previously presented, and payment activity.

	Performing								Nonperforming
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2019				2018
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	$	350,843			$	330,445			$	4,120			$	6,532
Jumbo	70,947				72,924				—				675
Home Equity	76,284				80,611				284				299
Consumer	36,354				32,312				116				148
Other	14,017				12,899				100				—
Total	$	548,445			$	529,191			$	4,620			$	7,654

Industry concentrations:  At December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had no concentrations of loans to any single industry in excess of 10% of total loans.

Loans to related parties:  We have had, and may be expected to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of business with our directors, principal officers, their immediate families and affiliated companies in which they are principal shareholders (commonly referred to as related parties).  These transactions have been, in our opinion, on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with others.

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The following presents the activity with respect to related party loans aggregating $60,000 or more to any one related party (other changes represent additions to and changes in director and executive officer status):

Dollars in thousands	2019				2018
Balance, beginning	$	43,899			$	45,698
Additions	37,947				6,750
Amounts collected	(30,203		)		(6,992		)
Other changes, net	(351		)		(1,557		)
Balance, ending	$	51,292			$	43,899

NOTE 8.  ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for our estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  The allowance is increased by provisions charged to operating expense and reduced by net charge-offs.  Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when we believe that collectability is unlikely.  While we use the best information available to make our evaluation, future adjustments may be necessary if there are significant changes in conditions.

The allowance is comprised of three distinct components:  (1) specific allowances related to loans individually evaluated, (2) quantitative allowances related to loans collectively evaluated and (3) qualitative allowances related to loans collectively evaluated.  A summary of the methodology we employ on a quarterly basis with respect to each of these components in order to evaluate the overall adequacy of our allowance for loan losses is as follows.

Specific Allowance for Loans Individually Evaluated

First, we identify loan relationships having aggregate balances in excess of $500,000 and that may also have credit weaknesses.  Such loan relationships are identified primarily through our analysis of internal loan evaluations, past due loan reports and loans adversely classified internally or by regulatory authorities.  Each loan so identified is then individually evaluated to determine whether it is impaired – that is, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the underlying loan agreement.  Substantially all of our impaired loans historically have been collateral dependent, meaning repayment of the loan is expected or is considered to be provided solely from the sale of the loan’s underlying collateral.  For such loans, we measure impairment based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral, which is generally determined utilizing current appraisals.  A specific allowance is established in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the recorded investment in each impaired loan over the fair value of its underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell. Our policy is to re-evaluate the fair value of collateral dependent loans at least every twelve months unless there is a known deterioration in the collateral’s value, in which case a new appraisal is obtained.

PCI loans are individually evaluated.  The evaluation of the PCI loans requires continued quarterly assessment of key assumptions and estimates similar to the initial fair value estimate, including changes in the severity of loss, timing and speed of payments, collateral value changes, expected cash flows and other relevant factors.  The quarterly assessment is compared to the recorded investment and a determination is made if an adjustment to the allowance for loan loss is deemed necessary.

 

Quantitative Allowance for Loans Collectively Evaluated

 

Second, we stratify the loan portfolio into eleven loan pools.  Quantitative allowances relative to each loan pool are established as follows: we calculate a historical loss rate utilizing the net loan charge-offs experienced for the most recent twelve quarters for each loan pool. This historical loss rate is applied to the aggregate recorded investment as of the financial statement date for each pool. We believe that the most recent twelve quarter historical loss rate to be the most indicative of the losses that can be expected. Purchased performing loans are collectively evaluated as their own separate category within each loan pool. The historical loss rate, as calculated above for each pool, is applied to the principal balance of purchased performing loans by pool. The calculated allowance is then compared to the estimated fair value discount remaining to determine if the discount remains adequate. If the discount remaining is not adequate, additional allowances will be recognized.  

 

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Qualitative Allowance for Loans Collectively Evaluated

 

Third, we consider the necessity to adjust our average historical net loan charge-off rates relative to each of the above eleven loan pools for potential risks factors that could result in actual losses deviating from prior loss experience.  For example, if we observe a significant increase in delinquencies within the conventional mortgage loan pool above historical trends, an additional allocation to the average historical loan charge-off rate is applied.  Such qualitative risk factors considered are:  (1) levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans, (2) levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries, (3) trends in volume and term of loans, (4) effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards and other changes in lending policies, procedures and practice, (5) experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff, (6) national and local economic trends and conditions, (7) industry conditions and (8) effects of changes in credit concentrations.

An analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

Dollars in thousands		2019				2018				2017
Balance, beginning of year		$	13,047			$	12,565			$	11,674
Losses:
Commercial		281				248				23
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		2				38				5
Non-owner occupied		170				619				65
Construction and development
Land and land development		2				259				3
Construction		—				—				33
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo		979				887				359
Jumbo		—				—				2
Home equity		24				26				158
Mortgage warehouse lines		—				—				—
Consumer		285				244				389
Other		360				282				251
Total		2,103				2,603				1,288
Recoveries:
Commercial		17				16				124
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		21				23				89
Non-owner occupied		1				—				91
Construction and development
Land and land development		108				270				278
Construction		—				—				—
Real estate - mortgage
Non-jumbo		125				228				134
Jumbo		—				25				—
Home equity		19				10				30
Mortgage warehouse lines		—				—				—
Consumer		168				141				82
Other		121				122				101
Total		580				835				929
Net losses		1,523				1,768				359
Provision for loan losses		1,550				2,250				1,250
Balance, end of year		$	13,074			$	13,047			$	12,565

 

 

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The following tables present the activity in the allowance for loan losses, balance in allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2019																At December 31, 2019													At December 31, 2019
	Allowance for loan losses																Allowance related to:													Loans
Dollars in thousands	Beginning  Balance			Charge- offs			Recoveries			Provision			Ending Balance				Loans individua- lly evaluated  for impairm- ent			Loans collective- ly evaluated for impairm- ent			Loans acquired  with deteriora- ted credit quality (PCI)			Total				Loans individua- lly evaluated for impairm- ent			Loans collectively evaluated for impairment			Loans acquired with deteriora- ted credit quality (PCI)			Total
Commercial	$	1,705		$	(281	)	$	17		$	(295	)	$	1,146			$	51		$	1,095		$	—		$	1,146			$	5,285		$	201,853		$	—		$	207,138
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	2,214			(2		)	21			467			2,700				409			2,291			—			2,700				11,085			265,133			—			276,218
Non-owner occupied	5,742			(170		)	1			366			5,939				113			5,821			5			5,939				9,054			619,499			653			629,206
Construction and development
Land and land development	339			(2		)	108			155			600				589			11			—			600				1,960			82,152			—			84,112
Construction	64			—			—			178			242				—			242			—			242				—			37,523			—			37,523
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	2,090			(979		)	125			576			1,812				173			1,624			15			1,812				5,263			348,453			1,247			354,963
Jumbo	379			—			—			(368		)	11				—			11			—			11				3,980			66,023			944			70,947
Home equity	167			(24		)	19			(24		)	138				—			138			—			138				523			76,045			—			76,568
Mortgage warehouse lines	—			—			—			—			—				—			—			—			—				—			126,237			—			126,237
Consumer	79			(285		)	168			173			135				—			135			—			135				13			36,457			—			36,470
Other	268			(360		)	121			322			351				—			351			—			351				—			14,117			—			14,117
Total	$	13,047		$	(2,103	)	$	580		$	1,550		$	13,074			$	1,335		$	11,719		$	20		$	13,074			$	37,163		$	1,873,492		$	2,844		$	1,913,499

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2018																At December 31, 2018													At December 31, 2018
	Allowance for loan losses																Allowance related to:													Loans
Dollars in thousands	Beginning  Balance			Charge- offs			Recoveries			Provision			Ending  Balance				Loans individua- lly evaluated  for impairm- ent			Loans collective- ly evaluated for impairm- ent			Loans acquired  with deteriora- ted credit quality (PCI)			Total				Loans individua- lly evaluated for impairm- ent			Loans collectively evaluated for impairment			Loans acquired with deteriora- ted credit quality (PCI)			Total
Commercial	$	1,303		$	(248	)	$	16		$	634		$	1,705			$	682		$	1,023		$	—		$	1,705			$	4,362		$	189,953		$	—		$	194,315
Commercial real    estate
Owner occupied	2,424			(38		)	23			(195		)	2,214				462			1,752			—			2,214				11,569			254,793			—			266,362
Non-owner   occupied	4,950			(619		)	—			1,411			5,742				9			5,729			4			5,742				9,855			553,809			1,162			564,826
Construction and development
Land and land development	641			(259		)	270			(313		)	339				298			41			—			339				5,824			63,009			—			68,833
Construction	153			—			—			(89		)	64				—			64			—			64				—			24,731			—			24,731
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	1,911			(887		)	228			838			2,090				585			1,495			10			2,090				6,261			329,342			1,374			336,977
Jumbo	72			—			25			282			379				106			273			—			379				4,953			67,671			975			73,599
Home equity	638			(26		)	10			(455		)	167				—			167			—			167				523			80,387			—			80,910
Mortgage warehouse    lines	—			—			—			—			—				—			—			—			—				—			39,140			—			39,140
Consumer	210			(244		)	141			(28		)	79				—			79			—			79				9			32,451			—			32,460
Other	263			(282		)	122			165			268				—			268			—			268				—			12,899			—			12,899
Total	$	12,565		$	(2,603	)	$	835		$	2,250		$	13,047			$	2,142		$	10,891		$	14		$	13,047			$	43,356		$	1,648,185		$	3,511		$	1,695,052

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NOTE 9.  PROPERTY HELD FOR SALE

Property held for sale consists of premises held for sale and real estate acquired through foreclosure on loans secured by such real estate.  Qualifying premises are transferred to property held for sale at estimated fair value less anticipated selling costs, establishing a new cost basis.  Foreclosed properties are recorded at the lower of the investment in the real estate or estimated fair value less anticipated selling costs based upon the property’s appraised value at the date of foreclosure, with any difference between the fair value of foreclosed property and the carrying value of the related loan charged to the allowance for loan losses.  We perform periodic valuations of property held for sale subsequent to transfer.  Changes in value subsequent to transfer are recorded in noninterest expense.  Gains or losses resulting from the sale of property held for sale is recognized on the date of sale and is included in noninterest expense.  Depreciation is not recorded on property held for sale.  Expenses incurred in connection with operating foreclosed properties are charged to noninterest expense.

The following table presents the activity of property held for sale during 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
Beginning balance	$	21,432			$	21,470			$	24,504
Acquisitions	4,549				1,804				363
Acquisition of FCB	—				—				2,377
Capitalized improvements	512				1,304				316
Dispositions	(5,142		)		(2,370		)		(5,205		)
Valuation adjustments	(2,075		)		(776		)		(885		)
Balance at year end	$	19,276			$	21,432			$	21,470

At December 31, 2019, our foreclosed properties of consumer residential real estate totaled $1.6 million.

NOTE 10.  PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Land is carried at cost, while premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation is computed primarily by the straight-line method for premises and equipment over the estimated useful lives of the assets.  The estimated useful lives employed are on average 30 years for premises and 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment.  Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to operating expenses as incurred.  Major improvements and additions to premises and equipment, including construction period interest costs, are capitalized.  No interest was capitalized during 2019, 2018, or 2017.

The major categories of premises and equipment and accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows:

Dollars in thousands	2019				2018
Land	$	10,645			$	10,415
Buildings and improvements	34,885				32,283
Furniture and equipment	25,616				19,783
	71,146				62,481
Less accumulated depreciation	26,978				24,928
Total premises and equipment, net	$	44,168			$	37,553

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 approximated $2.61 million, $2.17 million and $1.89 million, respectively.

NOTE 11.  GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill and certain other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized into net income over an estimated life, but rather are tested at least annually for impairment.  Intangible assets determined to have definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and also are subject to impairment testing.

In accordance with ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, during third quarter 2019, we performed the qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined that the fair value was more likely than not greater than its carrying value.  In performing the qualitative assessment, we considered certain events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance and cost factors when

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evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value.  No indicators of impairment were noted as of September 30, 2019.

The following table presents our goodwill activity by reporting unit for 2019.

		Goodwill Activity
Dollars in thousands		Community Banking				Insurance Services				Total
Balance, January 1, 2019		$	10,562			$	4,710			$	15,272
Reclassifications to goodwill		—				—				—
Acquired goodwill, net		2,096				—				2,096
Goodwill reduction in conjunction with sale of Summit Insurance Services, LLC		—				(4,710		)		(4,710		)
Balance, December 31, 2019		$	12,658			$	—			$	12,658

In addition, at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had $10.36 million and $10.57 million in unamortized identified intangible assets comprised of $10.30 million core deposit intangible at December 31, 2019 and $9.80 million core deposit intangible and $700,000 customer intangible at December 31, 2018.

		Other Intangible Assets
		December 31, 2019												December 31, 2018
Dollars in thousands		Community Banking				Insurance Services				Total				Community Banking				Insurances Services				Total
Identified intangible assets
Gross carrying amount		$	14,727			$	—			$	14,727			$	12,598			$	3,000			$	15,598
Less: accumulated amortization		4,363				—				4,363				2,728				2,300				5,028
Net carrying amount		$	10,364			$	—			$	10,364			$	9,870			$	700			$	10,570

Amortization relative to our identified intangible assets is as follows:

		Core Deposit				Customer
Dollars in thousands		Intangible				Intangible
Actual:
2017		$	1,210			$	200
2018		1,471				200
2019		1,634				67
Expected:
2020		1,513				—
2021		1,393				—
2022		1,273				—
2023		1,152				—
2024		1,032				—
Thereafter		3,930				—

NOTE 12.  DEPOSITS

The following is a summary of interest bearing deposits by type as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Dollars in thousands		2019				2018
Demand deposits, interest bearing		$	630,351			$	523,257
Savings deposits		418,096				284,173
Time deposits		604,237				605,276
Total		$	1,652,684			$	1,412,706

Included in time deposits are deposits acquired through a third party (“brokered deposits”) totaling $150.6 million and $220.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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A summary of the scheduled maturities for all time deposits as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:

Dollars in thousands	Amount
2020	$	336,485
2021	176,029
2022	44,678
2023	17,935
2024	10,661
Thereafter	18,449
Total	$	604,237

Time certificates of deposit in denominations of $100,000 or more totaled $387.8 million and $417.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following is a summary of the maturity distribution of all certificates of deposit in denominations of $100,000 or more as of December 31, 2019:

Dollars in thousands	Amount				Percent
Three months or less	$	54,224			14.0	%
Three through six months	63,734				16.4	%
Six through twelve months	98,912				25.5	%
Over twelve months	170,979				44.1	%
Total	$	387,849			100.00	%

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 totaled $198.1 million and $255.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, our deposits of related parties including directors, executive officers and their related interests approximated $31.2 million and $37.1 million.

NOTE 13.  BORROWED FUNDS

Our subsidiary bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”).  Membership in the FHLB makes available short-term and long-term advances under collateralized borrowing arrangements with each subsidiary bank.  All FHLB advances are collateralized by a blanket lien of $1.16 billion of residential mortgage loans, certain commercial loans, mortgage backed securities and securities of U. S. Government agencies and corporations.  We had $149.3 million available on a short term line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank at December 31, 2019, which is primarily secured by a pledge of $283.0 million of our consumer loans, construction loans and commercial and industrial loan portfolios. We also had $6 million available on an unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank.

At December 31, 2019, our subsidiary bank had additional borrowings availability of $609.3 million from the FHLB.  Short-term FHLB advances are granted for terms of 1 to 365 days and bear interest at a fixed or variable rate set at the time of the funding request.

Short-term borrowings:  At December 31, 2019, we had $155.3 million borrowing availability through credit lines and Federal funds purchased agreements.  Federal funds purchased mature the next business day.  A summary of short-term borrowings is presented below.

	2019								2018
Dollars in thousands	Short-term FHLB Advances				Federal Funds Purchased				Short-term FHLB Advances				Federal Funds Purchased
Balance at December 31	$	199,200			$	145			$	303,950			$	5,134
Average balance outstanding for the period	193,992				458				223,764				4,378
Maximum balance outstanding at any month end during period	237,400				145				303,950				7,534
Weighted average interest rate for the period	2.48		%		2.43		%		2.18		%		1.95		%
Weighted average interest rate for balances
outstanding at December 31	1.83		%		1.75		%		2.71		%		2.50		%

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Long-term borrowings:  Our long-term borrowings of $717,000 and $735,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, consisted of a fixed rate advance from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) maturing in 2026. The average interest rate paid on long-term borrowings during 2019 was 5.34% compared to 4.26% in 2018.

Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts:  We have three statutory business trusts that were formed for the purpose of issuing mandatorily redeemable securities (the “capital securities”) for which we are obligated to third party investors and investing the proceeds from the sale of the capital securities in our junior subordinated debentures (the “debentures”).  The debentures held by the trusts are their sole assets.  Our subordinated debentures totaled $19.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

In October 2002, we sponsored SFG Capital Trust I, in March 2004, we sponsored SFG Capital Trust II and in December 2005, we sponsored SFG Capital Trust III, of which 100% of the common equity of each trust is owned by us.  SFG Capital Trust I issued $3.5 million in capital securities and $109,000 in common securities and invested the proceeds in $3.61 million of debentures. SFG Capital Trust II issued $7.5 million in capital securities and $232,000 in common securities and invested the proceeds in $7.73 million of debentures. SFG Capital Trust III issued $8.0 million in capital securities and $248,000 in common securities and invested the proceeds in $8.25 million of debentures.  Distributions on the capital securities issued by the trusts are payable quarterly at a variable interest rate equal to 3 month LIBOR plus 345 basis points for SFG Capital Trust I, 3 month LIBOR plus 280 basis points for SFG Capital Trust II and 3 month LIBOR plus 145 basis points for SFG Capital Trust III and equals the interest rate earned on the debentures held by the trusts and is recorded as interest expense by us.  The capital securities are subject to mandatory redemption in whole or in part, upon repayment of the debentures.  We have entered into agreements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee the capital securities subject to the terms of the guarantee.  The debentures of each Capital Trust are redeemable by us quarterly.

The capital securities held by SFG Capital Trust I, SFG Capital Trust II and SFG Capital Trust III qualify as Tier 1 capital under Federal Reserve Board guidelines.  In accordance with these Guidelines, trust preferred securities generally are limited to 25% of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill.  The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit can be included in Tier 2 capital.

 

A summary of the maturities of all long-term borrowings and subordinated debentures for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Dollars in thousands		Long-term borrowings				Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts
2020		$	19			$	—
2021		19				—
2022		21				—
2023		22				—
2024		23				—
Thereafter		613				19,589
Total		$	717			$	19,589

NOTE  14.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

We use derivative instruments primarily to protect against the risk of adverse interest rate movements on the cash flows of certain assets and liabilities.  Derivative instruments represent contracts between parties that usually require little or no initial net investment and result in one party delivering cash or another type of asset to the other party based upon a notional amount and an underlying as specified in the contract.  A notional amount represents the number of units of a specific item, such as currency units.  An underlying represents a variable, such as an interest rate or price index.  The amount of cash or other asset delivered from one party to the other is determined based upon the interaction of the notional amount of the contract with the underlying.  Derivatives can also be implicit in certain contracts and commitments.

As with any financial instrument, derivative instruments have inherent risks, primarily market and credit risk.  Market risk associated with changes in interest rates is managed by establishing and monitoring limits as to the degree of risk that may be undertaken as part of our overall market risk monitoring process.  Credit risk occurs when a counterparty to a derivative contract with an unrealized gain fails to perform according to the terms of the agreement.  Credit risk is managed by monitoring the size and maturity structure of the derivative portfolio and applying uniform credit standards to all activities with credit risk.

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All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value in either other assets or other liabilities.  Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction.

Fair value hedges – For transactions in which we are hedging changes in fair value of an asset, liability, or a firm commitment, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are generally offset in the income statement by changes in the hedged item’s fair value.

Cash flow hedges – For transactions in which we are hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or a forecasted transaction, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are reported in other comprehensive income. The gains and losses on the derivative instrument, which are reported in comprehensive income, are reclassified to    earnings in the periods in which earnings are impacted by the variability of cash flows of the hedged item.

The ineffective portion of all hedges is recognized in current period earnings.

Our derivatives are governed by the terms of ISDA Master netting agreements and Credit Support Annexes. The ISDA Master agreements allow counterparties to offset trades in a gain against trades in a loss to determine net exposure and allow for the right of offset in the event of either a default or an additional termination event. Credit Support Annexes govern the terms of daily collateral posting practices. Collateral practices mitigate the potential loss impact to affected parties by requiring liquid collateral to be posted on a scheduled basis to secure the aggregate net unsecured exposure. In addition to collateral, the right of offset allows counterparties to offset net derivative values with a defaulting party against certain other contractual receivables from other obligations due to the defaulting party in determining the net termination amount.

We have entered into two forward-starting, pay-fixed/receive LIBOR interest rate swaps as follows:

•	A $30 million notional interest rate swap expiring on October 18, 2020, was designated as a cash flow hedge of $30 million of variable rate Federal Home Loan Bank advances.  Under the terms of this swap we will pay a fixed rate of 2.89% and receive a variable rate equal to one month LIBOR.

•	A $40 million notional interest rate swap expiring on October 18, 2021, was designated as a cash flow hedge of $40 million of variable rate Federal Home Loan Bank advances. Under the terms of this swap we will pay a fixed rate of 2.19% and receive a variable rate equal to one month LIBOR.

Also, at December 31, 2018, we were a party to a third forward-starting, pay-fixed/receive LIBOR interest rate swap as follows:

•	A $40 million notional interest rate swap that expired October 18, 2019, was designated as a cash flow hedge of $40 million of variable rate Federal Home Loan Bank advances.  Under the terms of the swap we paid a fixed rate of 2.84% and received a variable rate equal to one month LIBOR.

We have entered into two pay fixed/receive variable interest rate swaps to hedge fair value variability of two commercial fixed rate loans with the same principal, amortization, and maturity terms of the underlying loans, which are designated as fair value hedges as follows:

•	Under the terms of a $9.95 million original notional interest rate swap expiring January 15, 2025, we will pay a fixed rate of 4.33% and receive a variable rate equal to one month LIBOR plus 2.4000 percent.

•	Under the terms of a $11.3 million original notional interest rate swap expiring January 15, 2026, we will pay a fixed rate of 4.30% and receive a variable rate equal to one month LIBOR plus 2.18000 percent .

A summary of our derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 follows:

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	December 31, 2019
					Derivative Fair Value								Net Ineffective
Dollars in thousands	Notional Amount				Asset				Liability				Hedge Gains/(Losses)
CASH FLOW HEDGES
Pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps
Short term borrowings	$	70,000			$	—			$	679			$	—
FAIR VALUE HEDGES
Pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps
Commercial real estate loans	$	18,809			$	—			$	309			$	—

	December 31, 2018
					Derivative Fair Value								Net Ineffective
Dollars in thousands	Notional Amount				Asset				Liability				Hedge Gains/(Losses)
CASH FLOW HEDGES
Pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps
Short term borrowings	$	110,000			$	—			$	411			$	—
FAIR VALUE HEDGES
Pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps
Commercial real estate loans	$	19,399			$	555			$	—			$	—

NOTE 15.  INCOME TAXES

Income taxes, computed on the separate return basis with the benefit of filing a consolidated return being recorded at the holding company, include Federal and state income taxes and are based on pretax net income reported in the consolidated financial statements, adjusted for transactions that may never enter into the computation of income taxes payable (permanent differences).  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.  Valuation allowances are established, when deemed necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was signed into law. Among other things, the TCJA permanently lowered the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from the prior maximum rate of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the federal corporate income tax rate, ASC 740 - Income Taxes, required us to remeasure our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, including those accounted for in accumulated other comprehensive income, as of the date of TCJA’s enactment and record the effects as income tax expense in the reporting period of enactment.

We remeasured our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 22, 2017, at the new federal corporate income tax rate of 21%, and recorded additional deferred federal income tax expense of $3.5 million to reduce our net deferred tax assets.

A tax position that meets a "probable recognition threshold" for the benefit of the uncertain tax position is recognized in the financial statements. A tax position that fails to meet the probable recognition threshold will result in either reduction of a current or deferred tax asset or receivable, or recording a current or deferred tax liability.  We concluded that there were no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the consolidated financial statements.  The evaluation was performed for the years ended 2016 through 2019, the tax years which remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions.

The components of applicable income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:

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Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
Current
Federal	$	6,676			$	6,400			$	5,092
State	938				973				496
	7,614				7,373				5,588
Deferred
Federal	88				(304		)		4,027
State	15				(45		)		49
	103				(349		)		4,076
Total	$	7,717			$	7,024			$	9,664

Reconciliation between the amount of reported income tax expense and the amount computed by multiplying the statutory income tax rates by book pretax income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

	2019							2018							2017
Dollars in thousands	Amount				Percent			Amount				Percent			Amount				Percent
Computed tax at applicable statutory rate	$	8,313			21			$	7,370			21			$	7,553			35
Increase (decrease) in taxes
resulting from:
Tax-exempt interest
and dividends, net	(728		)		(2	)		(1,011		)		(3	)		(1,569		)		(7	)
Non-deductible merger-related expenses	—				—			—				—			—				—
Low-income housing and rehabilitation tax credits	(177		)		—			(286		)		(1	)		(247		)		(1	)
Impact of enacted income tax rate change	—				—			—				—			3,461				16
State income taxes, net
of Federal income tax benefit	753				2			734				2			354				2
Other, net	(444		)		(1	)		217				1			112				—
Applicable income taxes	$	7,717			20			$	7,024			20			$	9,664			45

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of "temporary differences" between amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured for tax purposes.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of temporary differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the related assets and liabilities are recovered or settled.   

The tax effects of temporary differences, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, are as follows:

Dollars in thousands	2019				2018
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	3,017			$	2,921
Depreciation	29				405
Foreclosed properties	2,659				2,951
Deferred revenue	—				18
Deferred compensation	3,296				2,490
Other deferred costs and accrued expenses	534				645
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale	—				265
Net unrealized loss on interest rate swaps	163				99
Capital loss carryforwards	—				166
Total	9,698				9,960
Deferred tax liabilities
Accretion on tax-exempt securities	62				29
Net unrealized gain on securities available for sale	994				—
Other post-retirement benefits	15				44
Purchase accounting adjustments and goodwill	2,099				2,253
Total	3,170				2,326
Net deferred tax assets	$	6,528			$	7,634

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We may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties associated with tax liabilities by major tax jurisdictions, although any such assessments are estimated to be minimal and immaterial.  To the extent we have received an assessment for interest and/or penalties; it has been classified in the consolidated statements of income as a component of other noninterest expense.

We are currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ended December 31, 2016 through 2018.  Tax years 2017 through 2018 remain subject to West Virginia State examination.

NOTE 16.  EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Retirement Plans:  We have defined contribution profit-sharing plans with 401(k) provisions covering substantially all employees.  Contributions to the plans are at the discretion of the Board of Directors.  Contributions made to the plans and charged to expense were $616,000, $622,000 and $556,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan:  We have an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), which enables eligible employees to acquire shares of our common stock.  The cost of the ESOP is borne by us through annual contributions to an Employee Stock Ownership Trust in amounts determined by the Board of Directors.

The expense recognized by us is based on cash contributed or committed to be contributed by us to the ESOP during the year.  Contributions to the ESOP for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $721,000, $646,000 and $525,000 respectively.  Dividends paid by us to the ESOP are reported as a reduction of retained earnings.  The ESOP owned 527,705 shares of our common stock at December 31, 2019 and 554,158 shares of common stock at December 31, 2018, all of which were purchased at the prevailing market price. All but 66,099 unallocated shares at December 31, 2019 are considered outstanding for earnings per share computations.

The purchase of unallocated ESOP shares is shown as a reduction of shareholders' equity, similar to a purchase of treasury stock. The loan receivable from the ESOP to the Company is not reported as an asset nor is the debt of the ESOP reported as a liability on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash dividends on allocated shares (those credited to ESOP participants' accounts) are recorded as a reduction of shareholders' equity and distributed directly to participants' accounts.  Cash dividends on unallocated shares (those held by the ESOP not yet credited to participants' accounts) are used to pay a portion of the ESOPs debt service requirements.  

Unallocated ESOP shares will be allocated to ESOP participants ratably as the ESOP's loan is repaid. When the shares are committed to be released and become available for allocation to plan participants, the then fair value of such shares will be charged to compensation expense. 

The ESOP shares as of December 31 are as follows:

ESOP Shares	At December 31,
	2019				2018
Allocated shares	440,751				447,424
Shares committed to be released	20,855				19,780
Unallocated shares	66,099				86,954
Total ESOP shares	527,705				554,158
Market value of unallocated shares (in thousands)	$	1,791			$	1,679

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan:  We have certain non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (“SERP”) with certain senior officers, which provide participating officers with an income benefit payable at retirement age or death.  The liabilities accrued for the SERP’s at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $6.7 million and $6.1 million, respectively, which are included in other liabilities.  Included in salaries, commissions and employee benefits was $712,000, $669,000 and $707,000 expense related to these SERPS for the years December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation:  The 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2014 LTIP”) was adopted by our shareholders in May 2014 to enhance the ability of the Company to attract and retain exceptionally qualified individuals to serve as key employees. The LTIP provides for the issuance of up to 500,000 shares of common stock, in the form of equity awards including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), performance units, other share-based awards or any combination thereof, to our key employees.

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Stock options awarded under the 2009 Officer Stock Option Plan and the 1998 Officer Stock Option Plan (collectively, the “Plans”) were not altered by the 2014 LTIP and remain subject to the terms of the Plans.  However, under the terms of the 2014 LTIP, all shares of common stock remaining issuable under the Plans at the time the 2014 LTIP was adopted ceased to be available for future issuance.

Under the 2014 LTIP and the Plans, stock options, SARs and RSUs have generally been granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of Summit's common stock on the grant date. We periodically grant share based compensation to individual employees.

During first quarter 2019, we granted 28,306 SARs with a $9.74 grant date fair value per SAR that become exercisable ratably over seven years (14.3% per year) and expire ten years after the grant date. Also during first quarter 2019, we granted 109,819 SARs with a $8.41 grant date fair value per SAR that become exercisable ratably over five years (20% per year) and expire ten years after the grant date. There were no grants of stock options or SARs in 2018.

The fair value of our employee stock options and SARs granted under the Plans is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Additionally, there may be other factors that would otherwise have a significant effect on the value of employee stock options and SARs granted but are not considered by the model. Because our employee stock options and SARs have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options and SARs at the time of grant. The assumptions used to value SARs granted in 2019 are as follows:

	2019 grant with 7 year expiration		2019 grant with 5 year expiration
Risk-free interest rate	2.51	%	2.43	%
Expected dividend yield	2.30	%	2.30	%
Expected common stock volatility	40.84	%	35.71	%
Expected life	7 years		5.5 years

A summary of SAR and option activity during 2017, 2018 and 2019 is as follows:

								Weighted Average
Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts	Options / SARs			Aggregate Intrinsic Value				Remaining Contractual Term (Yrs.)		Exercise Price
Outstanding, December 31, 2016	217,857									$	13.56
Granted	87,615									26.01
Exercised	(51,781	)								13.62
Forfeited	—									—
Expired	(3,400	)								24.97
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	250,291									$	17.75
Granted	—									—
Exercised	(6,800	)								17.79
Forfeited	(3,200	)								25.50
Expired	(8,200	)								25.54
Outstanding, December 31, 2018	232,091									$	17.36
Granted	138,125									23.94
Exercised	(31,613	)								11.83
Forfeited	—									—
Expired	(7,900	)								25.83
Outstanding, December 31, 2019	330,703			$	2,200			7.33		$	20.44
Exercisable Options/SARs:
December 31, 2019	104,889			$	1,203			5.74		$	15.62
December 31, 2018	95,924			583				6.04		$	14.82
December 31, 2017	62,646			687				4.92		$	15.35

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The total intrinsic value of options and SARs exercised in 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $442,000, $24,000 and $694,000, respectively. The total fair value of options and SARs vested during 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $396,000, $396,000 and $200,000, respectively.

During 2019, we granted 2,892 RSUs which will vest ratably over three years. Grants of RSUs include time-based vesting conditions that generally vest ratably over a period of three to five years. A summary of our RSU activity and related information is as follows.

Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts	RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, December 31, 2018	—			—
Granted	2,892			25.93
Exercised	—			—
Forfeited	—			—
Vested	—			—
Nonvested, December 31, 2019	2,892			25.93

Total stock compensation expense for all share-based arrangements totaled $590,000, $391,000 and $385,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the related income tax benefits recognized in 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $142,000, $94,000 and $142,000 respectively. We recognize compensation expense based on the estimated number of stock awards expected to actually vest, exclusive of the awards expected to be forfeited. At December 31, 2019, our total unrecognized compensation expense related to all nonvested awards not yet recognized totaled $1.47 million and is expected to be recognized over the next 1.82 years.

NOTE 17.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are a party to certain financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers.  These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the statement of financial position.  The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement that we have in this class of financial instruments.

Many of our lending relationships contain both funded and unfunded elements.  The funded portion is reflected on our balance sheet.  The unfunded portion of these commitments is not recorded on our balance sheet until a draw is made under the loan facility.  Since many of the commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash flow requirements.

A summary of the total unfunded, or off-balance sheet, credit extension commitments follows:

Dollars in thousands		December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Commitments to extend credit:
Revolving home equity and credit card lines		$	69,200			$	69,893
Construction loans		119,456				85,392
Other loans		225,637				161,619
Standby letters of credit		12,078				6,366
Total		$	426,371			$	323,270

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.  We evaluate each customer's credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis.  The amount of collateral obtained, if we deem necessary upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation.  Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, equipment or real estate.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party.  Standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party and generally are of a term of no greater than one year.

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Our exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.  We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments.

Employment Agreements

 We have various employment agreements with our executive officers and other key employees.  These agreements contain change in control provisions that would entitle the officers to receive compensation in the event there is a change in control in the Company (as defined) and a termination of their employment without cause (as defined).

Legal Contingencies

On April 24, 2017, Summit entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with the Residential Funding Corporation ("RFC") and paid $9.9 million to fully resolve all claims by RFC and its successor, and to avoid the further costs, disruption, and distraction of defending the RFC lawsuits.  Summit recorded a charge to noninterest expense in its consolidated statement of income for the year December 31, 2017 to recognize this settlement.  

We are not a party to any other litigation except for matters that arise in the normal course of business.  While it is impossible to ascertain the ultimate resolution or range of financial liability, if any, with respect to these contingent matters, in the opinion of management, the outcome of these matters will not have a significant adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 18.  REGULATORY MATTERS

The primary source of funds for our dividends paid to our shareholders is dividends received from our subsidiaries.  Dividends paid by the subsidiary bank are subject to restrictions by banking law and regulations and require approval by the bank’s regulatory agency if dividends declared in any year exceed the bank’s current year's net income, as defined, plus its retained net profits of the two preceding years.  During 2020, the Bank will have $41.6 million plus net income for the interim periods through the date of declaration, available for dividends for distribution to us.  

Our subsidiary bank is required to maintain reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank.  The required reserve balance was $1,992,000 at December 31, 2019.

Our bank subsidiary, Summit Community Bank, Inc. (“Summit Community”), is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the banking regulatory agencies. Under the capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, Summit Community must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.  Our bank subsidiary’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require Summit Community to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Common Equity Tier 1("CET1"), Total capital and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier I capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined).  We believe, as of December 31, 2019, that our bank subsidiary met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

The most recent notifications from the banking regulatory agencies categorized Summit Community as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.  To be categorized as well capitalized, Summit Community must maintain minimum CET1, Total risk-based, Tier I risk-based, and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the table below.

In December 2018, the federal bank regulatory agencies approved a final rule modifying their regulatory capital rules to provide an option to phase-in over a period of three years the day-one regulatory capital effects of the implementation of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. We intend to elect to this optional phase-in period upon adoption of the ASU effective January 1, 2020. 

The following tables present Summit's, as well as Summit Community's, actual and required minimum regulatory capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended.

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		Actual							Minimum Required Capital - Basel III Fully Phased-in						Minimum Required To Be Well Capitalized
Dollars in thousands		Amount				Ratio			Amount			Ratio			Amount			Ratio
As of December 31, 2019
CET1 (to risk weighted assets)
Summit		$	224,679			11.1	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		244,045				12.1	%		141,183			7.0	%		131,099			6.5	%
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets)
Summit		243,679				12.1	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		244,045				12.1	%		171,437			8.5	%		161,352			8.0	%
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets)
Summit		256,753				12.7	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		257,119				12.7	%		212,579			10.5	%		202,456			10.0	%
Tier I Capital (to average assets)
Summit		243,679				10.5	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		244,045				10.6	%		92,092			4.0	%		115,116			5.0	%
As of December 31, 2018
CET1 (to risk weighted assets)
Summit		197,551				11.1	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		213,930				12.0	%		124,793			7.0	%		115,879			6.5	%
Tier I Capital (to risk weighted assets)
Summit		216,551				12.2	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		213,930				12.0	%		151,534			8.5	%		142,620			8.0	%
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets)
Summit		229,598				12.9	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		226,977				12.8	%		186,192			10.5	%		177,326			10.0	%
Tier I Capital (to average assets)
Summit		216,551				10.1	%		N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A
Summit Community		213,930				10.0	%		85,572			4.0	%		106,965			5.0	%

NOTE 19.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share follow:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2019									2018									2017
				Common									Common									Common
Dollars in thousands,	Income			Shares		Per				Income			Shares		Per				Income			Shares		Per
except per share amounts	(Numerator)			(Denominator)		Share				(Numerator)			(Denominator)		Share				(Numerator)			(Denominator)		Share
Net income	$	31,866								$	28,072								$	11,915
Basic EPS	$	31,866		12,516,474		$	2.55			$	28,072		12,364,468		$	2.27			$	11,915		11,918,390		$	1.00
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options				4,935									7,071									11,338
SARs				53,737									53,034									19,517
RSUs				—									—									—
Diluted EPS	$	31,866		12,575,145		$	2.53			$	28,072		12,424,573		$	2.26			$	11,915		11,949,245		$	1.00

Stock option and SAR grants are disregarded in this computation if they are determined to be anti-dilutive.  At December 31, 2019, our anti-dilutive SARs totaled 222,740 and all outstanding stock options were dilutive. Our anti-dilutive stock options were 7,700 and anti-dilutive SARs totaled 87,615 at December 31, 2018. All outstanding stock options and SARs were dilutive at December 31, 2017.

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NOTE 20. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following are the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

						December 31, 2019
Dollars in thousands		Gains and Losses on Pension Plan				Gains on Other Post-Retirement Benefits				Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges				Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities				Total
Beginning balance		$	—			$	139			$	(314	)		$	(841	)		$	(1,016	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax		(140		)		(91		)		(204		)		5,459				5,024
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		—				—				—				(1,473		)		(1,473		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(140		)		(91		)		(204		)		3,986				3,551
Ending balance		$	(140	)		$	48			$	(518	)		$	3,145			$	2,535

		December 31, 2018
Dollars in thousands		Gains on Other Post-Retirement Benefits				Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges				Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities				Total
Beginning balance		$	398			$	(1,564	)		$	2,898			$	1,732
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax		(259		)		1,250				(3,266		)		(2,275		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		—				—				(473		)		(473		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(259		)		1,250				(3,739		)		(2,748		)
Ending balance		139				$	(314	)		$	(841	)		$	(1,016	)

NOTE 21. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Interest income, loan fees, realized securities gains and losses, bank owned life insurance income and mortgage banking revenue are not in the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. With the exception of gains or losses on sales of foreclosed properties, all of our revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within Noninterest Income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are expensed when incurred when the amortization period is one year or less.

A description of our significant sources of revenue accounted for under ASC 606 follows:

Service fees on deposit accounts are fees we charge our deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which are earned based on specific transactions or customer activity within a customer’s deposit account, are recognized at the time the related transaction or activity occurs, as it is at this point when we fulfill the customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which Summit satisfied the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized when the overdraft occurs. Service fees on deposit accounts are paid through a direct charge to the customer’s account.

Bank card revenue is comprised of interchange revenue and ATM fees. Interchange revenue is earned when Summit’s debit and credit cardholders conduct transactions through Mastercard and other payment networks. Interchange fees represent a percentage of the underlying cardholder’s transaction value and are generally recognized daily, concurrent with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. ATM fees are earned when a non-Summit cardholder uses a Summit ATM. ATM fees are recognized daily, as the related ATM transactions are settled.

Trust and wealth management fees consist of 1) trust fees and 2) commissions earned from an independent, third-party broker-dealer. We earn trust fees from our contracts with trust clients to administer or manage assets for investment. Trust fees are earned over time (generally monthly) as Summit provides the contracted services and are assessed based on the value of assets under management at each month-end. We earn commissions from investment brokerage services provided to our clients by an

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independent, third-party broker-dealer. We receive monthly commissions from the third-party broker-dealer based upon client activity for the previous month.

Insurance commissions principally consisted of commissions we earned as agents of insurers for selling group employee benefit and property and casualty insurance products to clients. Group employee benefit insurance commissions were recognized over time (generally monthly) as the related customary implied servicing obligations of group policyholders were fulfilled. Property and casualty insurance commissions were recognized using methods which approximated the time of placement of the underlying policy. We were paid insurance commissions ratably as the related policy premiums were paid by clients.

The following table illustrates our total non-interest income segregated by revenues within the scope of ASC Topic 606 and those which are within the scope of other ASC Topics: 

		For the Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands		2019				2018				2017
Service fees on deposit accounts		$	5,094			$	4,631			$	4,109
Bank card revenue		3,536				3,152				2,697
Trust and wealth management fees		2,564				2,653				1,863
Insurance commissions		1,911				4,320				4,005
Other		292				246				227
Net revenue from contracts with customers		13,397				15,002				12,901
Non-interest income within the scope of other ASC topics		5,806				2,420				1,526
Total noninterest income		$	19,203			$	17,422			$	14,427

NOTE 22.  CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PARENT COMPANY

Information relative to our parent company balance sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the related statements of income and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, are presented as follows:

Balance Sheets
	December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018
Assets
Cash	$	2,185			$	4,326
Investment in subsidiaries	267,132				236,422
Other investments	77				77
Premises and equipment	146				126
Other assets	1,317				1,365
Total assets	$	270,857			$	242,316
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts	$	19,589			$	19,589
Other liabilities	3,504				2,897
Total liabilities	23,093				22,486
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, authorized 250,000 shares	—				—
Common stock and related surplus, $2.50 par value, authorized
20,000,000 shares; issued: 12,474,641 shares 2019, 12,399,887 shares 2018; outstanding: 12,408,542 shares 2019, 12,312,933 shares 2018	80,084				80,431
Unallocated common stock held by Employee Stock Ownership Plan - 2019 - 66,099 shares, 2018 - 86,954 shares	(714		)		(939		)
Retained earnings	165,859				141,354
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	2,535				(1,016		)
Total shareholders' equity	247,764				219,830
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	270,857			$	242,316

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Statements of Income
	For the Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries	$	16,757			$	10,600			$	6,500
Other dividends and interest income	54				28				24
Management and service fees from subsidiaries	1,542				1,555				1,964
Total income	18,353				12,183				8,488
Expense
Interest expense	949				899				714
Operating expenses	3,755				2,565				2,462
Total expenses	4,704				3,464				3,176
Income before income taxes and equity in
undistributed income of subsidiaries	13,649				8,719				5,312
Income tax (benefit)	(276		)		(374		)		(129		)
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries	13,925				9,093				5,441
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries	17,941				18,979				6,474
Net income	$	31,866			$	28,072			$	11,915

Statements of Cash Flows
	For the Year Ended December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2019				2018				2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	31,866			$	28,072			$	11,915
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	(17,941		)		(18,979		)		(6,474		)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(18		)		(8		)		346
Depreciation	50				41				39
Share-based compensation expense	274				181				174
Earnings on bank owned life insurance	—				7				(1		)
Decrease (increase) in other assets	491				(375		)		535
Increase in other liabilities	807				1,036				512
Net cash provided by operating activities	15,529				9,975				7,046
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of premises and equipment	(123		)		(86		)		(92		)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	53				13				60
Net cash used in investing activities	(70		)		(73		)		(32		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid on common stock	(7,361		)		(6,545		)		(5,238		)
Exercise of stock options	7				122				303
Repayment of long-term borrowings	—				—				(902		)
Purchase and retirement of common stock	(10,405		)		(1,689		)		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	159				237				10
Net cash used in financing activities	(17,600		)		(7,875		)		(5,827		)
(Decrease) increase in cash	(2,141		)		2,027				1,187
Cash:
Beginning	4,326				2,299				1,112
Ending	$	2,185			$	4,326			$	2,299
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash payments for:
Interest	$	961			$	875			$	704

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Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures:  Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have conducted as of December 31, 2019, an evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e).  Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019 were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting:  Information required by this item is set forth on page 43.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm:   Information required by this item is set forth on page 44.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting:  There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2019, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.  Other Information

None

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PART III.

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports”, under the headings "NOMINEE WHOSE TERM EXPIRES IN 2021", “NOMINEES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE IN 2023”, “DIRECTORS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE IN 2022", “DIRECTORS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE IN 2021” and “EXECUTIVE OFFICERS” and under the captions “Family Relationships”, “Director Qualifications and Review of Director Nominees”, “Compensation and Nominating Committee” and “Audit and Compliance Committee” in our 2020 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer and all directors, officers and employees.  We have posted this Code of Ethics on our internet website at www.summitfgi.com under “Governance Documents”.  Any amendments to or waivers from any provision of the Code of Ethics applicable to the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, or chief accounting officer will be disclosed by timely posting such information on our internet website.

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees since the disclosure of the procedures in our 2019 proxy statement.

Item 11.  Executive Compensation

Information required by this item is set forth under the heading "COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS", “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” and "COMPENSATION AND NOMINATING COMMITTEE REPORT" in our 2020 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table provides information on our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019.

Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (#) (1)			Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights ($)				Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (#) (2)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders	82,776			$	20.44			104,651
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders	—			—				—
Total	82,776			$	20.44			104,651

(1) The number of securities issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding options and SARs includes 5,300 options awarded under the 1998 Officer Stock Option Plan and the 2009 Officer Stock Option Plan, 74,584 shares issuable, based upon our December 31, 2019 closing stock price of $27.09, relative to 325,405 SARs issued under the Summit Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan and 2,892 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding RSUs. Since RSUs have no exercise price, they are not included in the weighted average exercise price calculation.

(2) Under the Summit Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan, approved by our shareholders on May 15, 2014, we may make equity awards up to 500,000 shares of common stock. During 2019, we issued 138,125 stock appreciation rights with an exercise price of $23.94 and 2,892 RSUs. During 2017, we issued 87,615 stock appreciation rights with an exercise price of $26.01. During 2015, we issued 166,717 stock appreciation rights with an exercise price of $12.01.

The remaining information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Directors and Officers” and under the headings "NOMINEE FOR DIRECTOR WHOSE TERM EXPIRES IN 2021", “NOMINEES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE IN 2023”, “DIRECTORS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE IN 2022”, “DIRECTORS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE IN 2021”, “PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS” and “EXECUTIVE OFFICERS” in our 2020 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

Information required by this item is set forth under the captions “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Independence of Directors and Nominees” in our 2020 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Fees to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our 2020 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV.

Item 15.  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statements and financial statement schedules required to be filed by this Form or by Regulation S-X, which are applicable to the Registrant, have been presented in the financial statements and notes thereto in Item 8 in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation in Item 7 or elsewhere in this filing where appropriate.  The listing of exhibits follows:

Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description		Incorporated by Reference*
			Filed Herewith	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
(2)  Plan of acquisition, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession:
	(i)	Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of September 17, 2019 by and between Summit Financial Group, Inc. and Cornerstone Financial Services, Inc.		8-K	2.1	9/18/2019
	(ii)	Purchase and Assumption Agreement dated as of November 21, 2019 by and between Summit Community Bank, Inc. and MVB Bank, Inc.		8-K	2.1	11/22/2019
(3)  Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws:
	(i)	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Summit Financial Group, Inc.		10-Q	3.i	5/10/2006
	(ii)	Articles of Amendment 2009		8-K	3.1	11/4/2011
	(iii)	Articles of Amendment 2011		8-K	3.1	5/10/2007
	(iv)	Amended and Restated By-laws of Summit Financial Group, Inc.		10-Q	3.1	3/31/2007
(4) Instruments Defining the Rights of Securities Holders, Including Indentures
	(i)	Description of Registrant's Securities	X
(10)  Material Contracts
	(i)	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		10-K	10.1	3/16/2009
	(ii)	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/4/2010
	(iii)	Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	12/14/2010
	(iv)	Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/23/2012
	(v)	Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/21/2013
	(vi)	Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/25/2014
	(vii)	Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/23/2015
	(viii)	Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/17/2016
	(ix)	Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/15/2017
	(x)	Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/9/2018
	(xi)	Tenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/7/2019
	(xii)	Eleventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		8-K	10.1	2/12/2020
	(xiii)	Change in Control Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		10-K	10.2	3/16/2009
	(xiv)	Executive Salary Continuation Agreement with H. Charles Maddy, III		10-K	10.3	3/16/2009
	(xv)	Form of Amended and Restated Employment Agreement entered into with Robert S. Tissue, Patrick N. Frye and Scott C. Jennings		10-K	10.4	3/16/2009
	(xvi)	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Patrick N. Frye		10-K	10.8	3/1/2012
	(xvii)	Form of Executive Salary Continuation Agreement entered into with Robert S. Tissue, Patrick N. Frye and Scott C. Jennings		10-K	10.5	3/16/2009

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Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description		Incorporated by Reference*
			Filed Herewith	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
	(xviii)	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bradford E. Ritchie		10-K	10.12	3/1/2012
	(xix)	Executive Salary Continuation Agreement with Bradford E.  Ritchie		10-K	10.13	3/1/2012
	(xx)	Form of Indemnification Agreement between Summit and each Director of Summit		8-K	1.01	2/12/2009
	(xxi)	1998 Officers Stock Option Plan		10-QSB	10	8/17/1998
	(xxii)	Summit Financial Group, Inc. Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.10	3/14/2006
	(xxiii)	Amendment No. 1 to Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.11	3/14/2006
	(xxiv)	Amendment No. 2 to Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.14	3/16/2009
	(xxv)	Summit Community Bank, Inc. Amended and Restated Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.15	3/16/2009
	(xxvi)	Rabbi Trust for The Summit Financial Group, Inc. Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.16	3/16/2009
	(xxvii)	Amendment No. One to Rabbi Trust for Summit Financial Group, Inc. Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.2	3/16/2009
	(xxviii)	Amendment No. One to Rabbi Trust for Summit Community Bank, Inc. (successor in interest to Capital State Bank, Inc.) Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.2	3/16/2009
	(xxix)	Amendment No. One to Rabbi Trust for Summit Community Bank, Inc. (successor in interest to Shenandoah Valley National Bank, Inc.) Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.2	3/16/2009
	(xxx)	Amendment No. One to Rabbi Trust for Summit Community Bank, Inc. (successor in interest to South Branch Valley National Bank) Directors Deferral Plan		10-K	10.2	3/16/2009
	(xxxi)	Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Grant Agreement		10-Q	10.3	5/10/2006
	(xxxii)	Form of First Amendment to Non-Qualified Stock Option Grant Agreement		10-Q	10.4	5/10/2006
	(xxxiii)	2009 Officer Stock Option Plan		8-K	10.1	5/14/2009
	(xxxiv)	SFGI 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan		S-8	4	9/25/2014
	(xxxv)	Form of Summit Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Stock-Settled Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement 2015 award		8-K	10.1	4/29/2015
	(xxxvi)	Form of Summit Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Stock-Settled Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement 2017 award		8-K/A	10.3	2/15/2017
	(xxxvii)	Form of Summit Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Stock-Settled Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement 2019 award		8-K	10.3	2/7/2019
	(xxxxiii)	Securities Purchase Agreement with Castle Creek Capital Partners V, LP		8-K	10.1	8/25/2014
	(xxxxiv)	Executive Officer Management Incentive Plan 2020		8-K	10.2	2/12/2020
(10.1)	Board Attendance and Compensation Policy, as amended			10-K	10.1	3/1/2019
(21)	Subsidiaries of Registrant			10-K	21	3/16/2009
(23)	Consent of Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.		X
(24)	Power of Attorney		X
(31.1)	Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer		X
(31.2)	Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer		X
(32.1)**	Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer		X
(32.2)**	Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 906 Certification of Chief Financial Officer		X
(101)	Interactive date file (XBRL)		X

* The SEC reference number for all exhibits incorporated by reference is 0-16587.

**  Furnished, not filed.

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary

Registrants may voluntarily include a summary of information required by Form 10-K under this Item 16. We have elected not to include such summary information.

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

				SUMMIT FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
					a West Virginia Corporation (registrant)
By:	/s/ H. Charles Maddy, III	3/5/2020			By:	/s/ Julie R. Markwood	3/5/2020
	H. Charles Maddy, III	Date				Julie R. Markwood	Date
	President & Chief Executive Officer					Senior Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer
By:	/s/ Robert S. Tissue	3/5/2020
	Robert S. Tissue	Date
	Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

The Directors of Summit Financial Group, Inc. executed a power of attorney appointing Robert S. Tissue and/or Julie R. Markwood their attorneys-in-fact, empowering them to sign this report on their behalf.

By:	/s/ Robert S. Tissue	3/5/2020
	Robert S. Tissue	Date
	Attorney-in-fact

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