As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2020
Securities Act File No. 333-81209
Investment Company Act File No. 811-09397
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
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Pre-Effective Amendment No. |
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Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 |
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and/or | ||
REGISTRATION STATEMENT | ||
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THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 |
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Amendment No. 35 |
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THE GABELLI UTILITIES FUND
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code: 1-800-422-3554
Bruce N. Alpert
Gabelli Funds, LLC
One Corporate Center
Rye, New York 10580-1422
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Andrea R. Mango, Esq. | Thomas A. DeCapo, Esq. | |
The Gabelli Utilities Fund | Skadden, Arps, Slate, | |
One Corporate Center | Meagher & Flom LLP | |
Rye, New York 10580-1422 | 500 Boylston Street | |
Boston, Massachusetts 02116 |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
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immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b); or |
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on [____], pursuant to paragraph (b); or |
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60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1); or |
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on [____] pursuant to paragraph (a)(1); or |
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75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2); or |
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on [____] pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
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This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
The Gabelli Utilities Fund
One Corporate Center
Rye, New York 10580-1422
800-GABELLI
(800-422-3554)
fax: 914-921-5118
website: www.gabelli.com
e-mail: info@gabelli.com
Questions?
Call 800-GABELLI
or your investment representative.
The
Gabelli
Utilities
Fund
Class |
Ticker Symbol | ||||
AAA |
GABUX | ||||
A |
GAUAX | ||||
C |
GAUCX | ||||
I |
GAUIX |
PROSPECTUS
April 29, 2020
Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Funds annual and semiannual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds website (https://gabelli.com/), and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report. If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. To elect to receive all future reports on paper free of charge, please contact your financial intermediary, or, if you invest directly with the Fund, you may call 800-422-3554 or send an email request to info@gabelli.com. Your election to receive reports on paper will apply to all funds held in your account if you invest through your financial intermediary or all funds held within the fund complex if you invest directly with the Fund.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved the shares described in this Prospectus or determined whether this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide a high level of total return through a combination of capital appreciation and current income.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund:
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Class A shares of the Gabelli family of mutual funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the section entitled, Classes of Shares on page 15 of the prospectus and in Appendix A, Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers Available through Certain Intermediaries, attached to the Funds prospectus.
Class AAA
Shares |
Class A
Shares |
Class C
Shares |
Class I
Shares |
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Shareholder Fees |
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(fees paid directly from your investment): |
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Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
None | 5.75% | None | None | ||||||||||||||||
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of redemption or offering price, whichever is lower) |
None | None | 1.00% | None | ||||||||||||||||
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (as a percentage of amount invested) |
None | None | None | None | ||||||||||||||||
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed for shares held 7 days or less) |
2.00% | 2.00% | 2.00% | 2.00% | ||||||||||||||||
Exchange Fee |
None | None | None | None | ||||||||||||||||
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
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(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment): |
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Management Fees |
1.00% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 1.00% | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees |
0.25% | 0.25% | 1.00% | None | ||||||||||||||||
Other Expenses |
0.12% | 0.12% | 0.12% | 0.12% | ||||||||||||||||
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
1.37% | 1.37% | 2.12% | 1.12% | ||||||||||||||||
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Expense Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated, and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||||||||||||
Class AAA Shares |
$ | 139 | $ | 434 | $ | 750 | $ | 1,646 | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares |
$ | 706 | $ | 984 | $ | 1,282 | $ | 2,127 | ||||||||||||
Class C Shares |
$ | 315 | $ | 664 | $ | 1,139 | $ | 2,452 | ||||||||||||
Class I Shares |
$ | 114 | $ | 356 | $ | 617 | $ | 1,363 |
You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares of the Fund:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||||||||||||
Class AAA Shares |
$ | 139 | $ | 434 | $ | 750 | $ | 1,646 | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares |
$ | 706 | $ | 984 | $ | 1,282 | $ | 2,127 | ||||||||||||
Class C Shares |
$ | 215 | $ | 664 | $ | 1,139 | $ | 2,452 | ||||||||||||
Class I Shares |
$ | 114 | $ | 356 | $ | 617 | $ | 1,363 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in lower total returns when the Funds shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in securities of domestic or foreign companies that are involved to a substantial extent in providing products, services or equipment for the generation or distribution of electricity, gas, and water and the provision of infrastructure operations or telecommunications services, such as telephone, telegraph, satellite, cable, microwave, radiotelephone, mobile communication and cellular, paging, electronic mail, videotext, voice communications, data communications, and internet and that derive at least 50% of their revenue or earnings from, or devote at least 50% of their assets to, utilities (each, a Utility Company and collectively, Utility Companies) that the Funds investment adviser, Gabelli Funds, LLC (the Adviser), believes have the potential to provide either capital appreciation or current income. The Adviser emphasizes quality in selecting utility investments, and looks for companies that have proven dividend records and sound financial structures. Generally, Utility Companies generate relatively predictable streams of revenue and income, and in the view of the Adviser, are likely to pay dividends. For additional information about selection of investments suitable for the Fund, see page 8 of the prospectus.
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In selecting investments, the Adviser will consider factors such as: (i) the market price of the issuers common stock, earnings expectations, earnings and price histories, balance sheet characteristics, perceived management skills, and the conditions affecting the industry in which the issuer practices; (ii) the level of interest rates, local and national government regulations, the price and availability of materials used in the particular utility, environmental protection or energy conservation regulations, the level of demand for services, and the risks associated with constructing and operating certain kinds of facilities such as nuclear power facilities; (iii) the potential for capital appreciation of the stock; (iv) the dividend income generated by the stock; (v) the prices of the stock relative to other comparable stocks; and (vi) the diversification of the portfolio of the Fund as to issuers. The Adviser will also consider changes in economic and political outlooks as well as individual corporate developments. The Adviser will sell any Fund investments that lose their perceived value relative to other investments in the judgment of the portfolio management team.
The Funds assets will be invested primarily in a broad range of readily marketable dividend paying common stocks in the utilities industry. Although many of these common stocks will pay above average dividends, the Fund will buy stock of those companies whose securities have the potential for their prices to increase, providing either capital appreciation or current income for the Fund. The Fund may also invest in master limited partnerships (MLPs).
The Fund may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers.
Principal Risks
You may want to invest in the Fund if:
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you are a long term investor |
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you seek growth of capital as well as current income |
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you wish to include an income strategy as a portion of your overall investments |
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you believe that the utilities industry can generate growth of capital |
The Funds share price will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Funds portfolio securities. Stocks are subject to market, economic, and business risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate. Holders of common stocks only have rights to the value in the company after all debts have been paid, and they could lose their entire investment in a company that encounters financial difficulty. The Fund is also subject to the following risks: that its portfolio companies will reduce or eliminate the dividend rate on the securities held by the Fund, that no event occurs to surface the value expected by the Adviser, or that regulatory actions adversely affect the Funds portfolio securities. As a consequence of its policy of concentrating in the utility industry, the Funds investments may be subject to greater risk and market fluctuation than a fund that has securities representing a broader range of alternatives. Foreign securities are subject to currency, information, and political risks.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell Fund shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them; you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
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The principal risks presented by the Fund are:
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Equity Risk. Equity risk is the risk that the prices of the securities held by the Fund will change due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the companies issuing the securities participate, and the issuer companies particular circumstances. |
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Global Health Events. COVID-19 and concerns about its rapid spread and infections have severely impacted business activity in virtually all economies, markets, and sectors and negatively impacted the value of many financial and other assets. The duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and its effects cannot be determined with certainty. These events could have a significant impact on the Funds performance, as well as the performance and viability of issuers in which it invests. |
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Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in foreign securities involve risks relating to political, social, and economic developments abroad, as well as risks resulting from the differences between the regulations to which U.S. and foreign issuers and markets are subject. These risks include expropriation, differing accounting and disclosure standards, currency exchange risks, settlement difficulties, market illiquidity, difficulties enforcing legal rights, and greater transaction costs. These risks are more pronounced in the securities of companies located in emerging markets. |
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Industry Risk. The Funds investments in Utility Companies may be more susceptible to various factors, including government regulation, increases in operating expenses, high interest costs, higher inflation, industry overcapacity, or reduced demand for services. |
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Interest Rate Risk. Investments in dividend paying securities involve interest rate risk. When interest rates decline, the value of such securities generally rises. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of such securities generally declines. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low interest rates. There is a possibility that interest rates may rise in the future. |
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Issuer Risk. The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to an issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the issuers goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets or factors unrelated to the issuers value, such as investor perception. |
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Management Risk. If the portfolio managers are incorrect in their assessment of the growth prospects of the securities the Fund holds, then the value of the Funds shares may decline. |
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Master Limited Partnerships Risk. Investments in MLPs subjects the Fund to risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the MLPs invest. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns. |
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Regulatory Risk. The Funds investments in Utility Companies may lose value because of changes in the amounts and types of governmental and environmental regulation. |
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Return of Capital Risk. The Funds distributions may represent a non-taxable return of capital. A return of capital distribution is a distribution in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits. A return of capital distribution is tax-free to the extent of a shareholders |
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basis in its Fund shares and reduces the shareholders basis to that extent. A distribution consisting of return of capital should not be considered as the dividend yield or total return of an investment. Shareholders who receive the payment of a distribution consisting of a return of capital may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits when they are not. |
Performance
The bar chart and table that follow provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Funds performance from year to year, and by showing how the Funds average annual returns for one year, five years, and ten years compared with those of a broad based securities market index. As with all mutual funds, the Funds past performance (before and after taxes) does not predict how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated information on the Funds results can be obtained by visiting www.gabelli.com.
THE GABELLI UTILITIES FUND
(Total Returns for Class AAA Shares for the Years Ended December 31)
During the calendar years shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 11.32% (quarter ended March 31, 2016), and the lowest return for a quarter was (8.46)% (quarter ended September 30, 2011).
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Average Annual Total Returns (for the years ended December 31, 2019, with maximum sales charge, if applicable) |
Past
One Year |
Past
Five Years |
Past
Ten Years |
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The Gabelli Utilities Fund Class AAA Shares |
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Return Before Taxes |
18.75 | % | 6.32 | % | 8.51 | % | |||||||||
Return After Taxes on Distributions |
18.25 | % | 5.40 | % | 7.81 | % | |||||||||
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
11.43 | % | 4.77 | % | 6.83 | % | |||||||||
Class A Shares |
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Return Before Taxes |
11.83 | % | 5.04 | % | 7.87 | % | |||||||||
Class C Shares |
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Return Before Taxes |
16.67 | % | 5.50 | % | 7.70 | % | |||||||||
Class I Shares |
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Return Before Taxes |
18.97 | % | 6.56 | % | 8.77 | % | |||||||||
Standard & Poors (S&P) 500 Utilities Index (reflects no deduction for fees,
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26.35 | % | 10.29 | % | 11.80 | % | |||||||||
Lipper Utility Fund Average |
23.25 | % | 7.76 | % | 10.58 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on the investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts, including Roth IRAs and SEP IRAs (collectively, IRAs). After-tax returns are shown only for Class AAA shares and after-tax returns for other classes will vary due to the differences in expenses.
Management
The Adviser. Gabelli Funds, LLC
The Portfolio Managers. Mr. Mario J. Gabelli, CFA, Chief Investment Officer Value Portfolios of the Adviser, has served as portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception on August 31, 1999. Mr. Timothy M. Winter, CFA, has served as an associate portfolio manager of the Fund since May 2018. Mr. Jose Garza has served as an associate portfolio manager of the Fund since January 1, 2020.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The minimum initial investment for Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares is $1,000 ($250 for IRAs or Coverdell Education Savings Plans). There is no minimum initial investment for Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares in an automatic monthly investment plan. Class I shares are available to investors with a minimum investment of $500,000 when purchasing the shares directly through G.distributors, LLC, the Funds distributor (G.distributors or the Distributor), or investors purchasing Class I shares through brokers or financial intermediaries that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor specifically with respect to Class I shares, and which have different minimum investment amounts. If you transact in Class I shares through a broker or financial intermediary, you may be required to pay a commission and/or other forms of compensation to the broker or financial intermediary. The Distributor reserves the right to waive or change minimum investment amounts. There is no minimum for subsequent investments.
You can purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for trading (a Business Day). You may purchase or redeem Fund shares by written request via mail (The Gabelli Funds, P.O. Box 219204, Kansas City, MO 64121-9204), personal or overnight delivery
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(The Gabelli Funds, c/o DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., 430 W 7th Street, STE 219204, Kansas City, MO 64105-1407), Internet, bank wire, or Automated Clearing House (ACH) system. You may also purchase Fund shares by telephone at 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554), if you have an existing account with banking instructions on file.
Fund shares can also be purchased or sold through registered broker-dealers or financial intermediaries that have entered into appropriate selling agreements with the Distributor. The broker-dealer or other financial intermediary will transmit these transaction orders to the Fund on your behalf and send you confirmation of your transactions and periodic account statements showing your investments in the Fund.
Tax Information
The Fund expects that distributions will generally be taxable as ordinary income or long term capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of the Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys website for more information.
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RELATED RISKS
The Funds investment objective is to seek to provide a high level of total return through a combination of capital appreciation and current income. The investment objective of the Fund may not be changed without shareholder approval.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in securities of Utility Companies that the Adviser believes have the potential to provide either capital appreciation or current income (the 80% Investment Policy). The 80% Investment Policy may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the Board) without shareholder approval. Shareholders will, however, receive at least sixty days prior notice of any change in this policy. Generally, Utility Companies generate relatively predictable streams of revenue and income, and in the view of the Adviser, are likely to pay dividends. However, the Fund focuses on those companies in this industry whose common stocks may be undervalued and thus have the potential for capital appreciation. The Funds performance is expected to reflect conditions affecting the utilities industry. This industry is sensitive to factors such as interest rates, local and national government regulations, the price and availability of materials used in the particular utility, environmental protection or energy conservation regulations, the level of demand for services, and the risks associated with constructing and operating certain kinds of facilities, such as nuclear power facilities. These factors may change rapidly. The Adviser emphasizes quality in selecting utility investments, and looks for companies that have proven dividend records and sound financial structures. Believing that the industry is under consolidation due to changes in regulation, the Fund seeks to position itself to take advantage of trends in consolidation.
Undervaluation of the stock of a Utility Company with good intermediate and longer term fundamentals can result from a variety of factors, such as a lack of investor recognition of:
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the underlying value of a companys fixed assets, |
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the level of demand for services, |
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the underlying value of the companies within the utilities industry, |
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beneficial changes in interest rates, |
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beneficial changes in the price and availability of fuel, |
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the value of a consumer or commercial franchise, |
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changes in the economic or financial environment affecting the company, |
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new or rapidly expanding markets, |
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technological developments or advancements affecting the company or its products, |
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changes in local and national governmental regulations, political climate, or competitive conditions, and |
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changes in environmental protection or energy conservation regulations. |
Actual events that may lead to a significant increase in the value of a companys securities include:
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favorable earnings surprises relative to analysts expectations, |
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a beneficial change in local or national governmental regulations, |
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a beneficial change in environmental protection regulations or energy conservation regulations, |
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a merger or reorganization or recapitalization of the company, |
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a sale of a division of the company, |
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a tender offer (an offer to purchase investors shares), |
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the retirement or death of a senior officer or substantial shareholder of the company, and |
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a beneficial change in the companys dividend policy. |
In selecting investments, the Adviser will consider factors such as: (i) the market price of the issuers common stock, earnings expectations, earnings and price histories, balance sheet characteristics, perceived management skills, and the conditions affecting the industry in which the issuer practices; (ii) the level of interest rates, local and national government regulations, the price and availability of materials used in the particular utility, environmental protection or energy conservation regulations, the level of demand for services, and the risks associated with constructing and operating certain kinds of facilities such as nuclear power facilities; (iii) the potential for capital appreciation of the stock; (iv) the dividend income generated by the stock; (v) the prices of the stock relative to other comparable stocks; and (vi) the diversification of the portfolio of the Fund as to issuers. The Adviser will also consider changes in economic and political outlooks as well as individual corporate developments. The Adviser will sell any Fund investments that lose their perceived value relative to other investments in the judgment of the portfolio management team.
The Funds assets will be invested primarily in a broad range of readily marketable dividend-paying common stocks in the utilities industry. Although many of the common stocks will pay above average dividends, the Fund will buy stock of those companies whose securities have the potential for their prices to increase, providing either capital appreciation or current income for the Fund. The value of common stocks will fluctuate due to many factors, including the past and predicted earnings of the issuer, the quality of the issuers management, general market conditions, the forecasts for the issuers industry, and the value of the issuers assets. Holders of common stocks only have rights to the value in the company after all issuer debts have been paid, and they could lose their entire investment in a company that encounters financial difficulty. The Fund may also invest in MLPs.
The Funds policy of concentration in companies in the utilities industry is a fundamental policy of the Fund. Fundamental policies may not be changed without the authorization of a vote of a majority (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act)) of the Funds outstanding shares.
The Fund may also use the following investment techniques:
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Defensive Investments. When adverse market or economic conditions occur, the Fund may temporarily invest all or a portion of its assets in defensive investments. Such investments include high grade debt securities, obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, and instrumentalities, or high quality, short term money market instruments. When following a defensive strategy, the Fund will be less likely to achieve its investment objective. |
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Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest up to 40% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers. |
The Fund may also engage in other investment practices in order to achieve its investment objective. These are discussed in the Statement of Additional Information (SAI), which may be obtained by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554), your financial intermediary, or free of charge through the Funds website at www.gabelli.com.
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Investing in the Fund involves the following risks:
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Equity Risk. Equity risk is the risk that the prices of the securities held by the Fund will change due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the companies issuing the securities participate, and the issuer companies particular circumstances. These fluctuations may cause a security to be worth less than it was worth when it was purchased by the Fund. Because the value of securities, and thus shares of the Fund, could decline, you could lose money. |
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Coronavirus and Global Health Events. An outbreak of infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and has now been detected globally. The current economic situation resulting from the unprecedented measures taken around the world to combat the spread of COVID-19 may continue to contribute to severe market disruptions, volatility and reduced economic activity. Furthermore, measures taken to battle COVID-19 may have long term negative effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and economies and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. It is difficult to predict how long the financial markets and economic activity will continue to be impacted by these events and the effects of these or similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and financial markets. These events could have a significant impact on the Funds performance, net asset value, income, operating results and ability to pay distributions, as well as the performance, income, operating results and viability of issuers in which it invests. |
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Foreign Securities Risk. The Funds investments outside the United States carry additional risks that include: |
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Currency Risk Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect an investment. Adverse changes in exchange rates may erode or reverse any gains produced by foreign currency denominated investments and may widen any losses. In addition, the Funds investments could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, repatriation of funds or conversion of emerging market currencies. |
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Information Risk Key information about an issuer, security, or market may be inaccurate or unavailable. |
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Political Risk Foreign governments may expropriate assets, impose capital or currency controls, impose punitive taxes, or nationalize a company or industry. Any of these actions could have a severe effect on security prices and impair the Funds ability to bring its capital or income back to the United States. Other political risks include policy changes, social and political instability, military action, and war. |
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Access Risk The risk that some countries may restrict the Funds access to investments or offer terms that are less advantageous than those for local investors. This could limit the attractive investment opportunities available to the Fund. |
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Liquidity Risk Foreign securities are sometimes less liquid than securities of comparably sized U.S. issuers. |
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Emerging Markets Risk The above listed foreign securities risks are more pronounced in the securities of companies located in emerging markets. |
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Eurozone Investment Risks A number of countries in the European Union (the EU) have experienced, and may continue to experience, severe economic and financial difficulties, increasing the risk of investing in the European markets. Pursuant to an agreement setting out the terms on which the United Kingdom may leave the European Union (Brexit), the United Kingdom formally withdrew from the EU, effective January 31, 2020, and entered into an 11-month transition period. During this transition period, the United Kingdom is expected to renegotiate its political and economic relationships with the EU and other countries. As a result of the original referendum and other geopolitical developments leading to Brexit, the financial markets experienced increased levels of volatility and it is likely that, in the near term, Brexit will continue to bring about higher levels of uncertainty and volatility. During this period of uncertainty, the negative impact on not only the United Kingdom and European economies, but the broader global economy, could be significant, potentially resulting in increased market and currency volatility (including volatility of the value of the British pound sterling relative to the United States dollar and other currencies and volatility in global currency markets generally), and illiquidity and lower economic growth for companies that rely significantly on Europe for their business activities and revenues. In addition, certain European countries have recently experienced negative interest rates on certain fixed-income instruments. To the extent the Fund has exposure to European markets or to transactions tied to the value of the euro, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Funds investments. All of these developments may continue to significantly affect the economies of all EU countries, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on the Funds investments in such countries, other countries that depend on EU countries for significant amounts of trade or investment, or issuers with exposure to debt issued by certain EU countries. |
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Globalization Risks The growing inter-relationship of global economies and financial markets has increased the effect of conditions in one country or region on issuers of securities in a different country or region. In particular, events or developments that interrupt the global supply chain, such as pandemic risks relating to a novel strain of the coronavirus (COVID-19), the adoption or prolongation of protectionist trade policies by one or more countries, changes in economic or monetary policy in the US or abroad, or a slowdown in the US economy, could lead to a decrease in demand for products and reduced flows of capital and income to companies in other countries. Those events might particularly affect companies in emerging countries. |
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Industry Risk. The Funds investments in Utility Companies may be more susceptible to factors affecting those particular types of companies and may decline in value because of various factors, including increases in operating expenses, high interest costs, higher inflation, industry overcapacity, or reduced demand for services. The Fund may invest in energy companies and energy producers, including pipeline and gas distribution companies. General problems of energy companies include volatile fluctuations in price and supply of energy fuels, international politics, terrorist attacks, reserve and depletion risk, reduced demand as a result of increases in energy efficiency and energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, cleanup and litigation costs relating to oil spills and environmental damage, and tax and other regulatory policies of various governments. Natural disasters damaging the sources of energy |
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supplies will also impact energy companies. Oil production and refining companies are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations regarding air emissions and the disposal of hazardous materials. In addition, recent oil prices have been extremely volatile. This trend is causing producers to curtail production or reduce capital spending for exploration activities. It has caused some energy sector companies to fail due to overleveraging and an extended period of reduced prices may significantly lengthen the time the sector would need to recover after a stabilization of prices. This could increase the time period the Fund would need to see a realization of its investment. |
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Interest Rate Risk. Investments in dividend paying securities involve interest rate risk. When interest rates decline, the value of such securities generally rises. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of such securities generally declines. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low interest rates. There is a possibility that interest rates may rise in the future. |
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Issuer Risk. The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to an issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the issuers goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets or factors unrelated to the issuers value, such as investor perception. |
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Management Risk. If the portfolio managers are incorrect in their assessment of the growth prospects of the securities the Fund holds, then the value of the Funds shares may decline. In addition, the portfolio managers strategy may produce returns that are different from other mutual funds that invest in similar securities. |
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Master Limited Partnerships Risk. Investments in MLPs subjects the Fund to risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the MLPs invest. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns. |
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Regulatory Risk. The Funds investments in Utility Companies may lose value because of changes in the amounts and types of governmental and environmental regulation. Regulatory regimes in various utilities industries such as electricity, broadcast, cable and common carriers impose limitations on the percentage of the shares held of a public utility by an investment adviser and its clients. Moreover, deregulation of various sectors of the utilities industry could have a negative impact on the Funds shares as certain companies prove to be less able to meet the challenge of deregulation. |
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Return of Capital Risk. The Funds distributions may represent a non-taxable return of capital. A return of capital distribution is a distribution in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits. A return of capital distribution is tax-free to the extent of a shareholders basis in its Fund shares and reduces the shareholders basis to that extent. A distribution consisting of return of capital should not be considered as the dividend yield or total return of an investment. Shareholders who receive the payment of a distribution consisting of a return of capital may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits when they are not. |
Portfolio Holdings. A description of the Funds policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds portfolio securities is available in the SAI, which may be obtained by calling 800-Gabelli (800-422-3554), your financial intermediary, or free of charge through the Funds website at www.gabelli.com.
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The Adviser. Gabelli Funds, LLC, with its principal offices located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422, is a New York limited liability company that serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser makes investment decisions for the Fund and continuously reviews and administers the Funds investment program and manages the Funds operations under the general supervision of the Funds Board. The Adviser also manages several other open-end and closed-end investment companies in the Gabelli/GAMCO family of funds (Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex or Fund Complex). The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (GBL), a publicly held company listed on the NYSE.
As compensation for its services and related expenses borne by the Adviser for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Fund paid the Adviser a fee computed daily and payable monthly equal to 1.00% of the value of the Funds average daily net assets.
The Funds semiannual report to shareholders for the period ended June 30, 2019 contains a discussion of the basis of the Boards determination to continue the investment advisory agreement.
The Portfolio Managers. Mr. Mario J. Gabelli, CFA, is primarily responsible for the day to day investment management of the Fund. Mr. Gabelli is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GBL and Associated Capital Group, Inc.; Chief Investment Officer Value Portfolios of GBL, Gabelli Funds, LLC, and GAMCO Asset Management, Inc., another wholly owned subsidiary of GBL; Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of GGCP, Inc.; and an officer or director of other companies affiliated with GBL. The Adviser relies to a considerable extent on the expertise of Mr. Gabelli, who may be difficult to replace in the event of his death, disability, or resignation.
Mr. Timothy M. Winter, CFA, has served as portfolio manager of the Fund since May 2018. He joined Gabelli & Company in April of 2009 and covers the utility industry. He has over 20 years experience as an equity research analyst covering this industry, including the years 1992-2007 at AG Edwards from where he received industry recognition as a 3 time Wall Street Journal All-Star and was a senior member of the Institutional Investor (I.I.) #1 ranked Electric Utility Team for the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. He was most recently recognized in the 2017 Thomson Reuters US Analyst Awards as a Top Stock Picker in the gas utility industry. Mr. Winter received his B.A. in Economics in 1991 from Rollins College and M.B.A. in Finance from Notre Dame in 1992.
Mr. Jose Garza has served as portfolio manager of the Fund since January 1, 2020. He is a portfolio manager and analyst for Gabelli Funds. Mr. Garza began his career G.research, LLC in 2007 as a member of the Utilities research team and rejoined in July 2013 as a research analyst covering water, industrial gas, and analytical instrument companies. Mr. Garza graduated from Yale University with a dual B.A. in Economics and Biology and holds an M.B.A. from Columbia Business School.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers compensation, other accounts managed by them, and their ownership of securities, if any, in the Fund.
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The S&P 500 Utilities Index is an unmanaged market capitalization-weighted index consisting of the 49 gas, electric, and telephone stocks that are included in the S&P 500 Index, a market capitalization-weighted index of common stocks. The index figures do not reflect any deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes. You cannot invest directly in the S&P 500 Utilities Index.
The Lipper Utility Fund Average reflects the average performance of mutual funds classified in this particular category.
Four classes of the Funds shares are offered in this prospectus Class AAA shares, Class A shares, Class C shares, and Class I shares. The Fund is not designed for market timers; see the section entitled Redemption of Shares. Each class of shares has different costs associated with buying, selling, and holding Fund shares. Your broker or other financial professional can assist you in selecting which class of shares best meets your needs based on such factors as the size of your investments and the length of time you intend to hold your shares.
The minimum initial investment for Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares is $1,000.
The Funds Class AAA shares are offered only to (1) clients of broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries (i) that charge such clients an ongoing fee for advisory, investment, consulting, or similar service or (ii) where the Distributor has entered into an agreement permitting the financial intermediary to offer Class AAA shares through its mutual fund supermarket network or platform, and (2) customers of the Distributor.
Class I shares are available to investors with a minimum investment of $500,000 and purchasing shares directly through the Distributor, or investors purchasing Class I shares through brokers or financial intermediaries that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor specifically with respect to Class I shares. Such brokers or financial intermediaries may have different requirements as to the investment minimum. If you transact in Class I shares through a broker or financial intermediary, you may be required to pay a commission and/or other forms of compensation to the broker or financial intermediary.
The Distributor or its affiliates may, in their discretion, accept investments from purchasers that do not meet the qualification requirements.
There is no minimum for subsequent investments.
The table that follows summarizes the differences among the classes of shares.
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A front-end sales load or sales charge is a one time fee that may be charged at the time of purchase of shares. |
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A contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) is a one time fee that may be charged at the time of redemption. |
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A Rule 12b-1 fee is a recurring annual fee for distributing shares and servicing shareholder accounts based on the Funds average daily net assets attributable to the particular class of shares. |
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In selecting a class of shares in which to invest, you should consider:
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the length of time you plan to hold the shares; |
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the amount of sales charge and Rule 12b-1 fees, recognizing that your share of Rule 12b-1 fees as a percentage of your investment increases if the Funds assets increase in value and decreases if the Funds assets decrease in value; |
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whether you qualify for a reduction or waiver of the Class A sales charge; and |
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whether you qualify to purchase Class AAA shares or Class I shares. |
Class AAA Shares | Class A Shares | Class C Shares | Class I Shares | |||||
Front-End Sales Load? |
No. | Yes. The percentage declines as the amount invested increases. The offering price of a Class A share includes the front-end sales load. | No. | No. | ||||
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge? |
No. | No, except for shares redeemed up to and including the last day of the eighteenth month after purchase as part of an investment greater than $1 million if no front-end sales charge was paid at the time of purchase. | Yes, for shares redeemed up to and including the last day of the twelfth month after purchase. | No. | ||||
Rule 12b-1 Fee |
0.25% | 0.25% | 1.00% | None. | ||||
Convertible to Another Class? |
Yes. May be converted to Class I shares provided certain conditions are met. | Yes. May be converted to Class I shares provided certain conditions are met. | Yes. May be converted to Class I shares provided certain conditions are met. Conversion to Class A shares after approximately ten years. | No. | ||||
Fund Expense Levels |
Lower annual expenses than Class C shares. Higher annual expenses than Class I shares. Same as Class A shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class C shares. Higher annual expenses than Class I shares. Same as Class AAA shares. | Higher annual expenses than Class AAA, Class A, and Class I shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares. |
The following sections and Appendix A to this prospectus include important information about sales charges and sales charge reductions and waivers, and describe information or records you may need to provide to the Fund or your broker in order to be eligible for sales charge reductions and waivers. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of sales charge reductions and waivers; please refer to Appendix A to this prospectus, which describes all such intermediaries. Information about sales charges and sales charge reductions and waivers to the various classes of the Funds shares is also available free of charge and in a clear and prominent format on our
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website at www.gabelli.com. You should consider the information below as a guide only, as the decision on which share class is best for you depends on your individual needs and circumstances.
Sales Charge Class A Shares. Unless you are eligible for a sales charge reduction or a waiver as set forth in Appendix A to this prospectus, the sales charge is imposed on Class A shares at the time of purchase in accordance with the following schedule. It is the purchasers responsibility to notify the Fund, the Distributor, or the purchasers financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge reductions or waivers.
Amount of Investment |
Sales Charge
as % of the Offering Price* |
Sales Charge
as % of Amount Invested |
Reallowance
to Broker-Dealers |
||||||||||||
Under $50,000 |
5.75 | % | 6.10 | % | 5.00 | % | |||||||||
$50,000 but under $100,000 |
4.75 | % | 4.99 | % | 4.00 | % | |||||||||
$100,000 but under $250,000 |
3.75 | % | 3.90 | % | 3.00 | % | |||||||||
$250,000 but under $500,000 |
2.75 | % | 2.83 | % | 2.25 | % | |||||||||
$500,000 but under $1 million |
2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | |||||||||
$1 million but under $2 million |
0.00 | %** | 0.00 | % | 1.00 | % | |||||||||
$2 million but under $5 million |
0.00 | %** | 0.00 | % | 0.50 | % | |||||||||
$5 million or more |
0.00 | %** | 0.00 | % | 0.25 | % |
* |
Front-end sales load. The term offering price includes the front-end sales load. |
** |
Subject to a CDSC equivalent to the corresponding amount listed under the column Reallowance to Broker-Dealers for redemptions up to and including the last day of the eighteenth month after purchase. |
No sales charge is imposed on reinvestment of dividends and distributions if you selected that option in advance of the distributions.
Breakpoints or Volume Discounts
The Fund offers you the benefit of discounts on the sales charges that apply to purchases of Class A shares in certain circumstances. These discounts, which are also known as breakpoints, can reduce or, in some instances, eliminate the initial sales charges that would otherwise apply to your Class A shares investment. Mutual funds are not required to offer breakpoints and different mutual fund groups may offer different types of breakpoints.
Breakpoints or volume discounts allow larger investments in Class A shares to be charged lower sales charges. If you invest $50,000 or more in Class A shares of the Fund, then you are eligible for a reduced sales charge. Initial sales charges are eliminated completely for purchases of $1,000,000 or more,
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although a 1% CDSC may apply if shares are redeemed up to and including the last day of the eighteenth month after purchase.
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers Class A Shares
Reduced sales charges are available to (1) investors who are eligible to combine their purchases of Class A shares to receive volume discounts and (2) investors who sign a Letter of Intent (Letter) agreeing to make purchases over time. Certain types of investors, as set forth below, are eligible for sales charge waivers.
Class A shares may be available for purchase by clients of certain financial intermediaries without the application of a front-end sales load, as described in Appendix A to the prospectus.
You may qualify for a reduced sales charge, or a waiver of sales charges, on purchases of Class A shares. The requirements are described in the following paragraphs. To receive a reduction that you qualify for, you may have to provide additional information to your broker or other service agent. For more information about sales charge discounts and waivers, consult with your broker or other service provider.
Volume Discounts/Rights of Accumulation. In order to determine whether you qualify for a volume discount under the foregoing sales charge schedule, you may combine your new investment and your existing investments in Class A shares with those of your immediate family (spouse and children under age 21), your and their IRAs, and other employee benefit plans and trusts and other fiduciary accounts for your and their benefit. You may also include Class A shares of any other open-end investment company managed by the Adviser or its affiliates that are held in any of the foregoing accounts. The Fund uses the current net asset value per share (NAV) of these holdings when combining them with your new and existing investments for purposes of determining whether you qualify for a volume discount.
Letter of Intent. If you initially invest at least $1,000 in Class A shares of the Fund and submit a Letter to your financial intermediary or the Distributor, you may make purchases of Class A shares of the Fund during a thirteen-month period at the reduced sales charge rates applicable to the aggregate amount of the intended purchases stated in the Letter. The Letter may apply to purchases made up to ninety days before the date of the Letter. If you fail to invest the total amount stated in the Letter, the Fund will retroactively collect the sales charge otherwise applicable by redeeming shares in your account at their then current NAV. For more information on the Letter, call your broker.
Required Shareholder Information and Records. In order for you to take advantage of sales charge reductions, you or your broker must notify the Fund that you qualify for a reduction. Without notification, the Fund is unable to ensure that the reduction is applied to your account. You may have to provide information or records to your broker or the Fund to verify eligibility for breakpoint privileges or other sales charge waivers. This may include information or records, including account statements, regarding shares of the Fund or shares of any other open-end investment company managed by the Adviser or its affiliates held in:
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all of your accounts at the Fund or a financial intermediary; |
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any account of yours at another financial intermediary; and |
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accounts of related parties of yours, such as members of the same family, at any financial intermediary. |
You should therefore keep copies of these types of records.
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Investors Eligible for Sales Charge Waivers. Class A shares of the Fund may be offered without a sales charge to: (1) employees of the Distributor and its affiliates, The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. (DST or the Transfer Agent), State Street Bank and Trust Company, (State Street), BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., and Soliciting Broker-Dealers, employee benefit plans for those employees and their spouses and minor children of such employees when orders on their behalf are placed by such employees (the minimum initial investment for such purchases is $500); (2) the Adviser, its affiliates and their officers, directors, trustees, general partners, and employees of other investment companies managed by the Adviser, employee benefit plans for such persons and their immediate family when orders on their behalf are placed by such persons (with no required minimum initial investment) the term immediate family for this purpose refers to a persons spouse, children and grandchildren (adopted or natural), parents, grandparents, siblings, a spouses siblings, a siblings spouse, and a siblings children; (3) any other investment company in connection with the combination of such company with the Fund by merger, acquisition of assets, or otherwise; (4) shareholders who have redeemed shares in the Fund and who wish to reinvest in the Fund, provided the reinvestment is made within ninety days of the redemption; (5) employee benefit plans; (6) any unit investment trusts registered under the 1940 Act which have shares of the Fund as a principal investment; (7) investment advisory clients of GAMCO Asset Management, Inc. and their immediate families; (8) financial institutions purchasing Class A shares of the Fund for clients participating in a fee based asset allocation program or wrap fee program; and (9) investment advisers or financial planners who place trades for their own accounts or the accounts of their clients and who charge a management, consulting, or other fee for their services; and clients of such investment advisers or financial planners who place trades for their own accounts if the accounts are linked to the master account of such investment adviser or financial planner on the books and records of a broker or financial intermediary.
Additional categories of sales charge reductions and waivers are also set out in Appendix A to this prospectus.
Investors who qualify under any of the categories described above or those set out in the Appendix A to this prospectus should contact their broker or financial intermediary. Some of these investors may also qualify to invest in Class I shares.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charges
You will pay a CDSC when you redeem:
|
Class A shares up to and including the last day of the eighteenth month from when they were purchased as part of an investment greater than $1 million if no front-end sales charge was paid at the time of purchase; or |
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Class C shares up to and including the last day of the twelfth month from when they were purchased. |
The CDSCs payable upon redemption of Class A shares in the circumstances described above are 1.00% for investments of $1 million but less than $2 million, 0.50% for investments of $2 million but less than $5 million, and 0.25% for investments of $5 million or more. The CDSC payable upon redemption of Class C shares in the circumstances described above is 1.00%. In each case, the CDSC is based on the NAV at the time of your investment or the NAV at the time of redemption, whichever is lower.
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The Distributor pays sales commissions of up to 1.00% of the purchase price of Class C shares of the Fund at the time of sale to brokers and financial intermediaries that initiate and are responsible for purchases of such Class C shares of the Fund.
You will not pay a CDSC to the extent that the value of the redeemed shares represents reinvestment of distributions or capital appreciation of shares redeemed. When you redeem shares, we will assume that you are first redeeming shares representing reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions, then any appreciation on shares redeemed, and then any remaining shares held by you for the longest period of time. We will calculate the holding period of shares acquired through an exchange of shares of another fund from the date you acquired the original shares of the other fund. The time you hold shares in the Gabelli money market fund, however, will not count for purposes of calculating the applicable CDSC.
We will waive the CDSC payable upon redemptions of shares for:
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redemptions and distributions from retirement plans made after the death or disability of a shareholder; |
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minimum required distributions made from an IRA or other retirement plan account after you reach age 701/2; |
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involuntary redemptions made by the Fund; |
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a distribution from a tax deferred retirement plan after your retirement; and |
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returns of excess contributions to retirement plans following the shareholders death or disability. |
The CDSC may be waived if you purchase your shares through intermediaries identified in Appendix A to this prospectus.
Rule 12b-1 Plan. The Fund has adopted distribution plans under Rule 12b-1 for Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares of the Fund (Plans or each, a Plan). Under these Plans, the Fund may use its assets to finance activities relating to the sale of its Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares and the provision of certain shareholder services. To the extent any activity is one that the Fund may finance without a distribution plan, the Fund may also make payments to compensate for such activities outside a Plan and not be subject to its limitations.
The Class AAA and Class A Plans authorize payments by the Fund at an annual rate of 0.25% of its average daily net assets attributable to Class AAA and Class A shares to finance distribution of its Class AAA and Class A shares or pay shareholder service fees. The Class C Plan authorizes payments by the Fund at an annual rate of 0.75% of its average daily net assets attributable to Class C shares to finance distribution of its Class C shares and 0.25% for shareholder service fees.
Because the Rule 12b-1 fees are higher for Class C shares than for Class AAA or Class A shares, Class C shares will have higher annual expenses. Because Rule 12b-1 fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. Due to the payment of Rule 12b-1 fees, long term shareholders may indirectly pay more than the equivalent of the maximum permitted front-end sales charge.
Redemption Fee. Generally, if you sell or exchange your shares within seven days or less after the purchase date, you will be charged a redemption fee of 2.00% of the total redemption amount which is payable to the Fund. See Redemption of Shares herein.
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You can purchase the Funds shares on any Business Day.
|
By Mail or In Person. You may open an account by mailing a completed subscription order form with a check or money order payable to The Gabelli Utilities Fund to: |
By Mail |
By Personal or Overnight Delivery |
|
The Gabelli Funds |
The Gabelli Funds |
|
P.O. Box 219204 |
c/o DST |
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Kansas City, MO 64121-9204 |
430 W 7th Street, STE 219204 |
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Kansas City, MO 64105-1407 |
You can obtain a subscription order form by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554). Checks made payable to a third party and endorsed by the shareholder are not acceptable. For additional investments, send a check to the above address with a note stating your exact name and account number, the name of the fund(s), and class of shares you wish to purchase.
|
By Internet. You may open an account over the Internet at www.gabelli.com. |
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By Bank Wire or by ACH System. To open an account using the bank wire transfer system or ACH system, first telephone the Fund at 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) to obtain a new account number. Then instruct your bank to wire the funds to: |
State Street Bank and Trust Company
225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110
ABA #011-0000-28 REF DDA #99046187
Re: The Gabelli Utilities Fund
Account #
Account of [Registered Owners]
|
By Telephone. You may make purchases for an existing account with banking instructions on file by telephone at 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554). |
If you are making an initial purchase, you should also complete and mail a subscription order form to the address shown under By Mail. Note that banks may charge fees for wiring funds, although the Funds transfer agent, DST, will not charge you for receiving wire transfers.
You may purchase shares directly through registered broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries that have entered into appropriate selling agreements with the Distributor.
Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary can obtain a subscription order form by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554). The broker-dealer or other financial intermediary will transmit a purchase order and payment to DST on your behalf. Broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries may send you confirmations of your transactions and periodic account statements showing your investments in the Fund.
Share Price. The Fund sells its shares based on the NAV next determined after the time as of which the Fund receives your completed subscription order form but does not issue the shares to you until it receives full payment, subject to a front-end sales charge in the case of Class A shares. See Pricing of Fund Shares herein for a description of the calculation of the NAV, as described under Classes of Shares Sales Charge Class A Shares.
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Minimum Investments. The minimum initial investment for Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares is $1,000 ($250 for IRAs or Coverdell Education Savings Plans). The minimum initial investment for Class I shares is $500,000 for investors purchasing Class I shares directly through the Distributor. Investors who wish to purchase Class I shares through brokers or financial intermediaries that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor specifically with respect to Class I shares should consult their broker or financial intermediary with respect to any minimum investment amount required for their account. The Distributor or its affiliates may, in their discretion, waive the minimum investment requirement under certain circumstances. There is no minimum for subsequent investments. Broker-dealers and financial intermediaries may have different minimum investment requirements.
General. DST will not issue share certificates unless you request them. The Fund reserves the right to (i) reject any purchase order if, in the opinion of the Funds management, it is in the Funds best interest to do so, (ii) suspend the offering of shares for any period of time, and (iii) waive the Funds minimum purchase requirements. Except for differences attributable to these arrangements, the shares of all classes are substantially the same.
Customer Identification Program. Federal law requires the Fund to obtain, verify, and record identifying information, which may include the name, residential or business address, date of birth (for an individual), social security or taxpayer identification number, or other identifying information, for each investor who opens or reopens an account with the Fund. Applications without the required information may be rejected or placed on hold until the Fund verifies the account holders identity.
Third Party Arrangements. In addition to, or in lieu of amounts received by broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries as reallowances of a portion of sales commissions, the Adviser and its affiliates may utilize a portion of their assets, which may include revenues received under the Plans, to pay all or a portion of the charges of various programs that make shares of the Fund available to their customers. These payments, sometimes referred to as revenue sharing, do not change the price paid by investors to purchase the Funds shares or the amount the Fund receives as proceeds from such sales. Revenue sharing payments may be made to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries that provide services to the Fund or to shareholders in the Fund, including (without limitation) the following programs: shareholder servicing to Fund shareholders, transaction processing, sub-accounting services, marketing support, access to sales meetings, sales representatives, and management representatives of the broker-dealer or other financial intermediaries. Revenue sharing payments may also be made to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries for inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, and in other sales programs. These payments take a variety of forms, including (without limitation) compensation for sales, trail fees for shareholder servicing and maintenance of shareholder accounts, and finders fees that vary depending on the share class and the dollar amount of shares sold. Revenue sharing payments may be structured: (i) as a percentage of sales; (ii) as a percentage of net assets; and/or (iii) as a fixed dollar amount.
The Adviser may also provide non-cash compensation to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries in accordance with applicable rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA), such as the reimbursement of travel, lodging, and meal expenses incurred in connection with attendance at educational and due diligence meetings or seminars by qualified registered representatives of those firms and, in certain cases, their families; meeting fees; certain entertainment; advertising or other promotional expenses; or other permitted expenses as determined in accordance with applicable FINRA rules. In certain cases these other payments could be significant.
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Subject to tax limitations and approval by the Board, the Fund may also make payments to third parties out of its own assets (other than Rule 12b-1 payments) for a portion of the charges for those programs that generally represent savings of expenses experienced by the Fund resulting from shareholders investing in the Fund through such programs rather than investing directly in the Fund.
The Adviser negotiates the level of payments described above to any particular broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. Currently, such payments (expressed as a percentage of net assets) range from 0.10% to 0.40% per year of the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to the particular firm depending on the nature and level of services and other factors. In the case of Class I shares, the Fund may not make any payments for distribution related services.
In addition, in certain cases, broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries, may have agreements pursuant to which shares of the Fund owned by their clients are held of record on the books of the Fund in omnibus accounts maintained by each intermediary, and the intermediaries provide those Fund shareholders with sub-administration and sub-transfer agency services. Pursuant to the Funds transfer agency agreement, the Fund pays the transfer agent a fee for each shareholder account. As a result, the use of one omnibus account for multiple beneficial shareholders can create a cost savings to the Fund. The Board may, from time to time, authorize the Fund to pay for a portion of the fees charged by these intermediaries if (i) a cost savings to the Fund can be demonstrated and (ii) the omnibus account of the intermediary has net assets in the Fund in excess of $10 million. In these cases, the Board may authorize the Fund to pay a portion of the fees to the intermediary in an amount no greater than the lower of the transfer agency cost savings relating to the particular omnibus account or 0.10% of the average daily net assets of that omnibus account. These payments compensate these intermediaries for the provision of sub-administration and sub-transfer agency services associated with their clients whose shares are held of record in this manner.
Additional Purchase Information
Retirement Plans/Education Savings Plans. The Fund makes available IRAs and Coverdell Education Savings Plans for investment in Fund shares. Applications may be obtained from the Distributor by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554). Self-employed investors may purchase shares of the Fund through tax-deductible contributions to existing retirement plans for self-employed persons, known as Keogh or H.R.-10 plans. The Fund does not currently act as a sponsor to such plans. Fund shares may also be a suitable investment for other types of qualified pension or profit sharing plans which are employer sponsored, including deferred compensation or salary reduction plans known as 401(k) Plans. For Class AAA, A, and C shares, the minimum initial investment in all such retirement and education savings plans is $250. There is no minimum subsequent investment for retirement or education savings plans.
Automatic Investment Plan. The Fund offers an automatic monthly investment plan. For Class AAA, A, and C shares, there is no minimum initial investment for accounts establishing an automatic investment plan. Call your financial intermediary or the Distributor at 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) for more details about the plan.
Telephone or Internet Investment Plan. You may purchase additional shares of the Fund by telephone and/or over the Internet if your bank is a member of the ACH system. You must have a completed and approved Account Options Form on file with the Transfer Agent. There is a minimum of
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$100 for each telephone or Internet investment. However, you may split the $100 minimum between two funds. To initiate an ACH purchase, please call your financial intermediary or 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) or 800-872-5365 or visit our website at www.gabelli.com.
Voluntary Conversion. Shareholders may be able to convert shares to Class I shares of the Fund, which have a lower expense ratio, provided certain conditions are met. For Class A and Class C shares, this conversion feature is intended for shares held through a financial intermediary offering a fee-based or wrap fee program that has an agreement with the Adviser or the Distributor specific for this purpose. Shareholders who currently hold Class AAA shares and are eligible to purchase Class I shares may convert existing Class AAA shares of the same Fund through their financial intermediary if their financial intermediary has a specific agreement with the Distributor. In such instances, Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares may be converted under certain circumstances. Generally, Class C shares are not eligible for conversion until the applicable CDSC period has expired. Under current interpretation of applicable federal income tax law by the Internal Revenue Service, voluntary conversions to a different class of shares generally should not be treated as a taxable event. Please contact your financial intermediary for additional information. Not all share classes are available through all financial intermediaries.
If shares of the Fund are converted to a different share class of the Fund, the transaction will be based on the respective NAV of each class as of the trade date of the conversion. Consequently, a shareholder may receive fewer shares or more shares than originally owned, depending on that days NAVs. Please contact your tax adviser regarding the tax consequences of any conversion.
Conversion of Class C shares to Class A shares. Investors whose accounts are held at the Funds transfer agent are eligible to hold Class C shares of the Fund only until the month of the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date. In the month of the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date, the Fund will convert such an investors Class C shares into Class A shares. This conversion will not be subject to any sales charge, fee, or other charge, and will be based on the relative net asset values of the two classes in question. The Internal Revenue Service currently takes the position that such conversions are not taxable. Should its position change, the conversion feature may be suspended. If this were to happen, you would have the option of instructing the Fund to continue to convert your Class C shares of the Fund to Class A shares of the Fund at the anniversary date described above. This conversion would also be based on the relative net asset values of the two classes in question, without the imposition of a sales charge or fee, but you might face certain tax consequences as a result. Shareholders should consult with their tax advisor regarding the state and local tax consequences of such conversions.
Investors holding Class C shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary in street name may be subject to different eligibility requirements regarding the holding of Class C shares of the Fund. In this regard, a financial intermediary may sponsor and/or control accounts, programs or platforms that impose a different conversion schedule or different eligibility requirements for the conversion of Class C shares into Class A shares. In these cases, Class C shares of the Fund may be converted to Class A shares under the policies of the financial intermediary and the conversion may be structured as an exchange of Class C shares for Class A shares of the Fund. Financial intermediaries will be responsible for making such exchanges in those circumstances. Please consult with your financial intermediary if you have any questions regarding your shares conversion from Class C shares to Class A shares. To the extent a financial intermediarys policies provide for no such conversion, or for a conversion schedule that extends beyond the month of the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date, investors holding Class C shares
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through such financial intermediary may be disadvantaged relative to investors holding Class C shares either at the Funds transfer agent or through another financial intermediary. Because Class C shares pay higher ongoing asset-based distribution and shareholder servicing fees than Class A shares, financial intermediaries may have a conflict of interest in establishing their relevant conversion schedules and eligibility requirements. Additional information can be found in Appendix A, Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers Available Through Certain Intermediaries, attached to the Funds Prospectus.
You can redeem shares of the Fund on any Business Day. The Fund may temporarily stop redeeming its shares beyond seven (7) days when the NYSE is closed, when trading on the NYSE is restricted (as determined by the SEC), or when an emergency exists (as determined by the SEC), and the Fund cannot sell its portfolio securities or accurately determine the value of its assets, or if the SEC orders the Fund to suspend redemptions.
The Fund redeems its shares based on the NAV per share next determined after the time as of which the Fund or, if applicable, its authorized designee, receives your redemption request in proper form, subject in some cases to a redemption fee or a CDSC, as described under Classes of Shares Contingent Deferred Sales Charges or a redemption fee as described below in this section. See Pricing of Fund Shares herein for a description of the calculation of NAV. A redemption is a taxable event to you on which you would realize gain or loss (subject to certain limitations on the deductibility of losses). In instances where a redemption fee is triggered, a CDSC may also apply, as described in greater detail in other parts of this prospectus.
You may redeem shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary that has entered into a selling agreement with the Distributor. The broker-dealer or other financial intermediary will transmit a redemption order to DST on your behalf. The redemption request will be effected at the NAV next determined (less any applicable CDSC) after the Fund or, if applicable, its authorized designee, receives the request in proper form. If you hold share certificates, you must present the certificates endorsed for transfer.
The Fund is intended for long term investors and not for those who wish to trade frequently in Fund shares. The Fund believes that excessive short term trading of Fund shares creates risks for the Fund and its long term shareholders, including interference with efficient portfolio management, increased administrative and brokerage costs, and potential dilution in the value of Fund shares.
In addition, because the Fund may invest in foreign securities traded primarily on markets that close prior to the time the Fund determines its NAV, frequent trading by some shareholders may, in certain circumstances, dilute the value of Fund shares held by other shareholders. This may occur when an event that affects the value of the foreign securities takes place after the close of the primary foreign market, but before the time that the Fund determines its NAV. Certain investors may seek to take advantage of the fact that there will be a delay in the adjustment of the market price for a security caused by this event until the
25
foreign market reopens (referred to as price arbitrage). If this occurs, frequent traders who attempt this type of price arbitrage may dilute the value of the Funds shares to the extent they receive shares or proceeds based upon NAVs that have been calculated using the closing market prices for foreign securities, if those prices have not been adjusted to reflect a change in the fair value of the foreign securities. In an effort to prevent price arbitrage, the Fund has procedures designed to adjust closing market prices of foreign securities before it calculates its NAV when it believes such an event has occurred that will have more than a minimal effect on the NAV. Prices are adjusted to reflect what the Fund believes are the fair values of these foreign securities at the time the Fund determines its NAV (called fair value pricing). Fair value pricing, however, involves judgments that are inherently subjective and inexact since it is not always possible to be sure when an event will affect a market price and to what extent. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value pricing will always eliminate the risk of price arbitrage.
In order to discourage frequent short term trading in Fund shares, the Fund has adopted policies and procedures that impose a 2.00% redemption fee (short term trading fee) on Class AAA, Class A, Class C, and Class I shares that are redeemed or exchanged within seven days of a purchase. This fee is calculated based on the shares aggregate NAV on the date of redemption and deducted from the redemption proceeds. The redemption fee is not a sales charge; it is retained by the Fund and does not benefit the Funds Adviser, the Distributor, or any third party. For purposes of computing the redemption fee, shares will be redeemed in reverse order of purchase (the latest shares acquired will be treated as being redeemed first). Redemptions to which the fee applies include redemption of shares resulting from an exchange made pursuant to the Funds exchange privilege. The redemption fee will not apply to redemptions of shares where (i) the shares were purchased through automatic reinvestment of dividends or other distributions, (ii) the redemption is initiated by the Fund, (iii) the shares were purchased through programs that collect the redemption fees at the program level and remit them to the Fund, or (iv) the shares were purchased through programs that the Adviser determines to have appropriate anti-short term trading policies in place or as to which the Adviser has received assurances that look through redemption fee procedures or effective anti-short term trading policies and procedures are in place.
While the Fund has entered into information sharing agreements with financial intermediaries which contractually require such financial intermediaries to provide the Fund with information relating to their customers investing in the Fund through non-disclosed or omnibus accounts, the Fund cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information provided to it from financial intermediaries and may not always be able to track short term trading effected through these financial intermediaries. In addition, because the Fund is required to rely on information provided by the financial intermediary as to the applicable redemption fee, the Fund cannot guarantee that the financial intermediary is always imposing such fee on the underlying shareholder in accordance with the Funds policies. Subject to the exclusions discussed above, the Fund seeks to apply these policies uniformly.
Certain financial intermediaries may have procedures which differ from those of the Fund to collect the redemption fees or that prevent or restrict frequent trading. Investors should refer to their intermediarys policies on frequent trading restrictions.
The Fund continues to reserve all rights, including the right to refuse any purchase request (including requests to purchase by exchange) from any person or group who, in the Funds view, is likely to engage in excessive trading or if such purchase is not in the best interest of the Fund and to limit, delay, or impose other conditions on exchanges or purchases. The Fund has adopted a policy of seeking to
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minimize short term trading in its shares and monitors purchase and redemption activities to assist in minimizing short term trading.
If you hold shares directly through the Distributor, you may redeem shares:
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By Letter. You may mail a letter requesting the redemption of shares to: The Gabelli Funds, P.O. Box 219204, Kansas City, MO 64121-9204. Your letter should state the name of the fund(s) and the share class, the dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem, and your account number. You must sign the letter in exactly the same way the account is registered and, if there is more than one owner of shares, all owners must sign. A medallion signature guarantee is required for each signature on your redemption letter. You can obtain a medallion signature guarantee from financial institutions such as commercial banks, broker-dealers, savings banks, and credit unions. A notary public cannot provide a medallion signature guarantee. |
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By Telephone or the Internet. Unless you have requested that telephone or Internet redemptions from your account not be permitted, you may redeem your shares in an account (excluding an IRA) directly registered with DST by calling either 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) or 800-872-5365 (617-328-5000 from outside the United States), or by visiting our website at www.gabelli.com. You may not redeem Fund shares held through an IRA through the Internet. IRA holders should consult a tax adviser concerning the current tax rules applicable to IRAs. If DST properly acts on telephone or Internet instructions after following reasonable procedures to protect against unauthorized transactions, neither DST nor the Fund will be responsible for any losses due to unauthorized telephone or Internet transactions and instead you would be responsible. You may request that proceeds from telephone or Internet redemptions be mailed to you by check (if your address has not changed in the prior thirty days), forwarded to you by bank wire, or invested in another mutual fund advised by the Adviser (see Exchange of Shares). Among the procedures that DST may use are passwords or verification of personal information. The Fund may impose limitations from time to time on telephone or Internet redemptions. |
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Telephone or Internet Redemption By Check. The Fund will make checks payable to the name in which the account is registered and will normally mail the check to the address of record within seven days. |
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Telephone or Internet Redemption By Bank Wire or ACH System. The Fund accepts telephone or Internet requests for wire or ACH system redemptions in amounts of at least $1,000. The Fund will send an ACH system credit or wire to either a bank designated on your subscription order form or on a subsequent letter with a medallion signature guarantee. The proceeds are normally wired on the next Business Day. |
If you redeem shares through your broker or other financial intermediary, the broker or financial intermediary will transmit a redemption order to DST on your behalf. The redemption request will be effected at the NAV per share next determined (less any applicable CDSC and redemption fee, if applicable) after a Fund receives the request in proper form. If you hold share certificates, you must present the certificates endorsed for transfer.
Automatic Cash Withdrawal Plan. You may automatically redeem shares on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis if you have at least $10,000 in your account and if your account is directly registered with DST. Please call 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) for more information about this plan.
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Involuntary Redemption. The Fund may redeem all shares in your account (other than an IRA or Coverdell education savings account) if the value falls below $1,000 as a result of redemptions (but not as a result of a decline in NAV). You will be notified in writing before the Fund initiates such action and you will be allowed thirty days to increase the value of your account to at least $1,000.
Reinstatement Privilege. A shareholder in the Fund who has redeemed Class A shares may reinvest, without a sales charge, up to the full amount of such redemption at the NAV determined at the time of the reinvestment within ninety days of the original redemption. A redemption is a taxable transaction and a gain or loss may be recognized for federal income tax purposes even if the reinstatement privilege is exercised. However, any loss realized upon the redemption will not be recognized as to the number of shares acquired by reinstatement within thirty days of the redemption, in which case an adjustment will be made to the tax basis of the shares so acquired.
Redemption Proceeds. The Fund expects to meet redemption requests typically by selling portfolio assets, with holdings of cash and cash equivalents, or by drawing on its line of credit. In certain circumstances, the Fund may meet a redemption request in-kind, as described under Redemption In Kind. These methods of meeting redemption requests are expected to be used in both normal and stressed market conditions. A redemption request received by the Fund will be effected based on the NAV per share next determined after the time as of which the Fund or, if applicable, its authorized designee, receives the request. If you request redemption proceeds by wire, the Fund will normally wire the funds according to the wire instructions you provide, within three business days after receipt of your redemption request. If you request redemption proceeds by check, the Fund will normally mail the check to you within seven days after receipt of your redemption request. If you purchased your Fund shares by check or through the Automatic Investment Plan you may not receive proceeds from your redemption until the check clears or ten days following the purchase, whichever is earlier. While the Fund will delay the processing of the redemption payment until the check clears, your shares will be valued at the next determined NAV after receipt of your redemption request. Typically, the Fund receives redemption requests through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) system, which is utilized by financial intermediaries to submit requests on behalf of their clients or customers who hold shares of the Fund in street name. In such circumstances, the Fund expects redemption proceeds to be delivered via the NSCC system within three business days after receipt of a redemption request. The NSCC system is not used for shareholders whose accounts are held at the Funds transfer agent (as opposed to shareholders whose accounts are held in street name at a broker or other financial intermediary).
Redemption In Kind. The Fund may pay your redemption proceeds wholly or partially in portfolio securities. Specifically, the Fund may pay your redemption proceeds in portfolio securities if you redeem more than $250,000 over the preceding three months, and the Adviser believes that economic conditions exist which would make payments in cash detrimental to the best interests of the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund would communicate to you its intention to meet your redemption request in portfolio securities. Securities received in kind will remain subject to the risk of market fluctuations until sold; however, the Fund would distribute to you from its portfolio of investments only securities that the Adviser determines are readily marketable. The specific security or securities to be distributed will be selected at the discretion of the Board or its designee(s), subject to any applicable laws or regulations, and could be individual securities, a representative basket of securities or a pro-rata slice of the Funds portfolio. Any additional remainder in value owed to you between such securities and Fund shares that you submitted for redemption would be paid to you in cash. Payments would be made in portfolio securities only in
28
instances where the Funds Board (or its delegate) believes that it would be in the Funds best interest not to pay the redemption proceeds in cash. A redemption in kind would be a taxable event to you on which you would realize a capital gain or capital loss on your shares redeemed. Additionally, you may incur brokerage costs in converting any of the securities received to cash. The foregoing considerations apply in both normal and stressed market considerations. Please see Redemption of Shares in the SAI for additional information.
You can exchange shares of the Fund for shares of the same class of certain other funds managed by the Adviser or its affiliates based on their relative NAVs at the time of exchange. To obtain a list of the funds whose shares you may acquire through an exchange, call 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) or contact your broker. Class C shares will continue to age from the date of the original purchase of such shares and will assume the CDSC rate such shares had at the time of exchange. You may also exchange your shares for shares of the same class of a money market fund managed by the Adviser or its affiliates, without imposition of any CDSC at the time of exchange. Upon subsequent redemption from such money market fund or the Fund (after re-exchange into the Fund), such shares will be subject to the CDSC calculated by excluding the time such shares were held in a Gabelli money market fund. The Fund may impose limitations on, or terminate, the exchange privilege with respect to any investor at any time. You will be given notice at least sixty days prior to any material change in the exchange privilege. An exchange of shares is a taxable event to you on which you would realize a capital gain or capital loss (subject to possible limitations of deductibility).
In effecting an exchange:
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you must meet the minimum investment requirements for the fund whose shares you wish to purchase through exchange; |
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if you are exchanging into a fund with a higher sales charge, you must pay the difference at the time of the exchange; |
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if you are exchanging from a fund with a redemption fee applicable to the redemption involved in your exchange, you must pay the redemption fee at the time of the exchange; |
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you will realize a taxable gain or loss because the exchange is treated as a sale for federal income tax purposes; |
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you should read the prospectus of the fund whose shares you are purchasing through exchange. Call 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554), or visit our website at www.gabelli.com to obtain the prospectus; and |
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you should be aware that a financial intermediary may charge a fee for handling an exchange for you. |
You may exchange shares through the Distributor, directly through the Transfer Agent, or through a financial intermediary that has entered into the appropriate selling agreement with the Distributor.
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Exchange by Telephone. You may give exchange instructions by telephone by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554). You may not exchange shares by telephone if you hold share certificates. |
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Exchange by Mail. You may send a written request for exchanges to: The Gabelli Funds, P.O. Box 219204, Kansas City, MO 64121-9204. Your letter should state your name, your account number, the dollar amount or number of shares you wish to exchange, the name and class of the fund(s) whose shares you wish to exchange, and the name of the fund(s) whose shares you wish to acquire. |
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Exchange through the Internet. You may also give exchange instructions via the Internet at www.gabelli.com. The Fund may impose limitations from time to time on Internet exchanges. |
Your financial intermediary may charge you a processing fee for assisting you in purchasing or redeeming shares of the Fund. This charge is set by your financial intermediary and does not benefit the Fund, the Distributor, or the Adviser in any way. It would be in addition to the sales charges and other costs, if any, described in this prospectus and must be disclosed to you by your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary.
The Funds NAV is calculated separately for each class of shares on each Business Day. The NYSE is open Monday through Friday, but currently is scheduled to be closed on New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when a holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.
The Funds NAV is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The NAV of each class is computed by dividing the value of the Funds net assets, i.e., the value of its securities and other assets less its liabilities, including expenses payable or accrued but excluding capital stock and surplus attributable to the applicable class of shares by the total number of shares of such class outstanding at the time the determination is made. The price of Fund shares for the purpose of purchase and redemption orders will be based upon the calculation of the NAV of each class next made after the time as of which the purchase or redemption order is received in proper form. Because the Fund may invest in foreign securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares, the NAV of the Funds shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem the Funds shares.
Equity securities listed or traded on a nationally recognized securities exchange or traded in the U.S. over-the-counter market where trades are reported contemporaneously and for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale or a markets official closing price at the close of the exchanges or other markets regular trading hours, as of or prior to the time and day as of which such value is being determined. Portfolio securities traded on more than one national securities exchange or market are valued according to the broadest and most representative market as determined by the Adviser. If there has been no sale on the day the valuation is made, the securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and ask prices on the principal market for such security on such day. If no ask prices are quoted on such day, then the security is valued at the closing bid price on the principal market for such security on such day. If no bid or ask prices are quoted on such day, a Funds accounting agent will notify the Adviser and the security will be valued based on written or standing instructions from the Adviser and/or the Pricing Committee.
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Equity securities that are primarily traded on foreign markets, except for those that trade primarily in Latin America or South America, are generally valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges. Equity securities which are primarily traded in Latin American or South American markets are valued each day approximately at the time of the close of regular trading on the NYSE as though such time were the close of trading on such Latin American or South American market and such Latin American or South American market were a U.S. market. When the NYSE is open, but the foreign market on which an equity security primarily trades is closed, such as for a foreign national holiday, the security will generally be valued at the last available closing value (subject to the Fair Value Procedures adopted by the Board) using the prevailing exchange rate as described below. If some event occurs affecting or likely to affect the price of an equity security or group of equity securities to a significant extent including but not limited to material market movement, changes in market conditions after a foreign market closes, but prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or a company development, such as a material business development, dividend declaration, stock split or rights offering, and if adequate and timely information relating to the event is not available or is not taken into account by the pricing service, the Adviser should review the pricing furnished by the pricing service to determine whether it is appropriate in the circumstances. In such case, the Adviser will obtain market quotations from another source or will make a fair value determination of such securities using other appropriate value measurements and such information will be presented to the Board for ratification at its next scheduled meeting. If the primary market for such an equity security suspends or limits trading or price movements, whether for the market as a whole or the particular security, and trading also occurs on a secondary market which has not suspended or limited trading or price movement, valuation will be based on information from the secondary market provided by the Adviser. If all markets on which such an equity security have suspended trading, the Adviser will fair value such security as provided above. Information that becomes known after the close of the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, on any business day may be assessed in determining net asset value per share after the time of receipt of the information, but will not be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security determined earlier or on a prior day.
Initial public offering securities are initially valued at cost. Upon commencement of trading, these securities are valued like any other equity security.
Debt obligations (including convertible debt) for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the average of the latest bid and ask prices. If there were no ask prices quoted on such day, the security is valued using the closing bid price. Such debt obligations are valued through prices provided by a pricing service approved by the Board.
Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies will be translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rates as provided by an appropriate pricing service. Forward currency exchange contracts will be valued using interpolated forward exchange rates. Prevailing foreign exchange rates and forward currency foreign exchange rates may generally be obtained on a consistent basis at approximately 11:00 a.m. Eastern time, which approximates the close of the London Exchange. As available and as provided by an appropriate pricing service, translation of foreign security and currency market values will also occur with the use of foreign exchange rates obtained at the close of the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
Certain securities are valued principally using dealer quotations. Futures contracts are valued at the closing settlement price of the exchange or board of trade on which the applicable contract is traded.
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OTC futures and options on futures for which market quotations are readily available will be valued by quotations received from a pricing service or, if no quotations are available from a pricing service, by quotations obtained from one or more dealers in the instrument in question by the Adviser.
Securities and other assets for which market quotations are not readily available are fair valued as determined by the Board. Fair valuation methodologies and procedures may include, but are not limited to: analysis and review of available financial and non-financial information about the company; comparisons with the valuation and changes in valuation of similar securities, including a comparison of foreign securities with the equivalent U.S. dollar value American Depositary Receipt securities at the close of the U.S. exchange; and evaluation of any other information that could be indicative of the value of the security.
The Fund intends to pay dividends, if any, monthly, and to distribute, at least annually, substantially all net capital gain. You may have dividends and/or capital gain distributions that are declared by the Fund reinvested automatically at NAV in additional shares of the Fund. You will make an election to receive dividends and distributions in cash or Fund shares at the time you first purchase your shares. You may change this election by notifying the Fund or your financial intermediary in writing at any time prior to the record date for a particular dividend or distribution. There are no sales or other charges by the Fund in connection with the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions. Shares purchased through dividend reinvestment will receive a price without sales charge based on the NAV on the reinvestment date, which is typically the date dividends are paid to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will realize any capital gains or other income with which to pay dividends and distributions. Distributions are taxable to you whether received in cash or additional shares. The Fund has been distributing $0.07 per share on a monthly basis. Beginning with the distribution payable December 27, 2019, the Funds third monthly distribution of each quarter increased to $0.08 per share. This policy may be changed by the Board at any time. To the extent that distributions are in excess of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital. A dividend or capital gain distribution paid on shares purchased shortly before the record date for that dividend or distribution will generally be subject to income taxes even though the dividend or capital gain distribution represents, in substance, a partial return of capital. Dividends sourced from paid-in capital should not be considered as dividend yield or the total return from an investment in the Fund. Dividends and distributions are taxable whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. Dividends and distributions may be different for different classes of shares of the Fund.
Fixed Distribution Policy Risk. As noted, the Fund has adopted a policy to distribute a fixed amount each month to each class of shares (the Fixed Distribution Policy). Section 19(b) of the 1940 Act and Rule 19b-1 promulgated thereunder limit the number of distributions of long-term capital gain a fund may make in any particular year. Depending on the circumstances, in order to remain in compliance with Rule 19b-1, the operation of the Funds monthly Fixed Distribution Policy may require shareholders to pay tax on distributions at a higher rate than they otherwise would experience or may require them to make special tax filings to offset additional tax payments made by the Fund. In extreme circumstances, compliance with Rule 19b-1 could have a material adverse effect on the Funds investment program.
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Rule 19b-1 contains a mechanism for a fund to request relief from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) to spread its long-term capital gain over up to all of its distributions in the event of unforeseen circumstances. Due to a very high level of net redemptions in 2015 compared to prior years while having very large amounts of unrealized long-term capital gain and very small amounts of unrealized long-term capital loss, in order to avert adverse consequences for the Fund and its shareholders, the Fund sought and received such SEC relief for 2015. However, the Fund believes it is unlikely to be able to obtain such relief in similar circumstances in the future. Accordingly, the Fund will monitor its distribution, estimated sources of income and tax situation carefully and may modify its Fixed Distribution Policy from time to time in an effort to reduce the likelihood of material adverse impacts in the future.
The Fund expects that distributions will consist primarily of investment company taxable income and net capital gain. Dividends out of investment company taxable income (including distributions of net short term capital gains, i.e., gains from securities held by the Fund for one year or less) are taxable to you as ordinary income if you are a U.S. shareholder, except that certain qualified dividends may be eligible for a reduced rate (provided certain holding period and other requirements are met). Properly reported distributions of net capital gain, i.e., net long term capital gains minus net short term capital loss (Capital Gain Dividends), are taxable to you at long term capital gain rates no matter how long you have owned your shares. To the extent distributions are made from current earnings and profits, they are considered ordinary income or long term capital gains. Currently, distributions are expected to include return of capital distributions, which are distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits. A return of capital distribution is tax-free to the extent of a shareholders basis in its Fund shares and reduces the shareholders basis to that extent. After that basis has been reduced to zero, any excess return of capital distributions will generally be treated as capital gain. The current policy of paying a monthly distribution in excess of net investment income, together with 1940 Act limitations on the Funds ability to designate Capital Gain Dividends, may restrict the Funds ability to pay out all of its net capital gains as a Capital Gain Dividend. The Funds distributions, whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares of the Fund, generally will be subject to federal and, if applicable, state and local taxes. A redemption of Fund shares or an exchange of the Funds shares for shares of another fund will be treated for tax purposes as a sale of the Funds shares, and any gain you realize on such a transaction generally will be taxable. Foreign shareholders may be subject to a federal withholding tax.
A dividend declared by the Fund in October, November, or December and paid during January of the following year may in certain circumstances be treated as paid in December for tax purposes.
After the end of each year, the Fund will provide you with the information regarding any shares you redeemed and the federal tax status of any dividends or distributions you received during the previous year.
Certain non-corporate U.S. shareholders whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare tax on dividend and other investment income, including dividends received from the Fund and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of the Funds stock.
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By law, the Fund must withhold, as backup withholding, a percentage of your taxable distributions and redemption proceeds if you do not provide your correct social security or taxpayer identification number and certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, or if the Internal Revenue Service instructs the Fund to do so.
This summary of tax consequences is intended for general information only and is subject to change by legislative, judicial, or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive. A more complete discussion of the tax rules applicable to you and the Fund can be found in the SAI that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should consult a tax adviser concerning the tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
MAILINGS AND E-DELIVERY TO SHAREHOLDERS
In our continuing efforts to reduce duplicative mail and Fund expenses, we currently send a single copy of prospectuses and shareholder reports to your household even if more than one member in your household owns the same fund or funds described in the prospectus or report. Additional copies of our prospectuses and reports may be obtained by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554). If you do not want us to continue to consolidate your fund mailings and would prefer to receive separate mailings at any time in the future, please call us at the telephone number above and we shall resume separate mailings, in accordance with your instructions within thirty days of your request. The Fund offers electronic delivery of Fund documents. Direct shareholders of the Fund can elect to receive the Funds annual, semiannual, and quarterly reports, as well as manager commentaries and prospectuses via e-delivery. For more information or to sign up for e-delivery, please visit the Funds website at www.gabelli.com. Shareholders who purchased shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary should contact their financial intermediary to sign up for e-delivery of Fund documents, if available.
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the financial performance of the Fund for the past five fiscal years of the Funds Class AAA, Class A, Class C, and Class I shares. The total returns in the table represent the percentage amount that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the designated class of shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial statements and related notes, is included in the Funds annual report, which is available upon request.
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The Gabelli Utilities Fund
Financial Highlights
Selected data for a share of beneficial interest outstanding throughout each year:
Income
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Distributions |
Ratios to Average Net Assets/
Supplemental Data |
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Year Ended
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Net Asset
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Net
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Net
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Total from
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Net
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Net
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Return of
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Total
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Redemption
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Net
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Total
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Net
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Net
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Operating
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Portfolio
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Class AAA |
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2019 |
$ | 8.20 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 1.36 | $ | 1.49 | $ | (0.11 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.69 | ) | $ | (0.85 | ) | $ | 0.00 | $ | 8.84 | 18.8 | % | $ | 319,670 | 1.52 | % | 1.37 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 |
9.23 | 0.14 | (0.33 | ) | (0.19 | ) | (0.12 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.65 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 8.20 | (2.2 | ) | 288,332 | 1.57 | 1.37 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 |
9.26 | 0.15 | 0.66 | 0.81 | (0.13 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.64 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 9.23 | 8.9 | 350,709 | 1.58 | 1.37 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 |
8.70 | 0.15 | 1.28 | 1.43 | (0.14 | ) | (0.13 | ) | (0.60 | ) | (0.87 | ) | 0.00 | 9.26 | 17.0 | 364,411 | 1.65 | 1.38 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 |
10.50 | 0.11 | (1.07 | ) | (0.96 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.70 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 8.70 | (8.3 | ) | 371,419 | 1.42 | 1.39 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A |
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2019 |
$ | 8.35 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 1.37 | $ | 1.51 | $ | (0.11 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.69 | ) | $ | (0.85 | ) | $ | 0.00 | $ | 9.01 | 18.7 | % | $ | 990,134 | 1.53 | % | 1.37 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 |
9.37 | 0.15 | (0.33 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.12 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.65 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 8.35 | (2.0 | ) | 723,943 | 1.58 | 1.37 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 |
9.40 | 0.15 | 0.66 | 0.81 | (0.13 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.64 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 9.37 | 8.8 | 837,684 | 1.57 | 1.37 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 |
8.82 | 0.15 | 1.30 | 1.45 | (0.13 | ) | (0.13 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.87 | ) | 0.00 | 9.40 | 17.0 | 808,349 | 1.64 | 1.38 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 |
10.64 | 0.12 | (1.10 | ) | (0.98 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.70 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 8.82 | (8.3 | ) | 713,208 | 1.45 | 1.39 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class C |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 |
$ | 5.57 | $ | 0.04 | $ | 0.90 | $ | 0.94 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.72 | ) | $ | (0.85 | ) | $ | 0.00 | $ | 5.66 | 17.7 | % | $ | 614,757 | 0.76 | % | 2.12 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 |
6.58 | 0.05 | (0.22 | ) | (0.17 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.69 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 5.57 | (2.7 | ) | 641,273 | 0.82 | 2.12 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 |
6.88 | 0.06 | 0.48 | 0.54 | (0.09 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.68 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 6.58 | 8.0 | 776,370 | 0.83 | 2.12 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 |
6.71 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 1.04 | (0.09 | ) | (0.13 | ) | (0.65 | ) | (0.87 | ) | 0.00 | 6.88 | 16.2 | 776,780 | 0.89 | 2.13 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 |
8.40 | 0.05 | (0.90 | ) | (0.85 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.70 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 6.71 | (9.1 | ) | 736,494 | 0.73 | 2.14 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class I |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 |
$ | 8.64 | $ | 0.17 | $ | 1.42 | $ | 1.59 | $ | (0.14 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.66 | ) | $ | (0.85 | ) | $ | 0.00 | $ | 9.38 | 19.0 | % | $ | 365,519 | 1.78 | % | 1.12 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 |
9.65 | 0.18 | (0.35 | ) | (0.17 | ) | (0.14 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.63 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 8.64 | (1.8 | ) | 286,246 | 1.84 | 1.12 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 |
9.63 | 0.18 | 0.68 | 0.86 | (0.15 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.62 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 9.65 | 9.1 | 272,376 | 1.81 | 1.12 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 |
8.99 | 0.18 | 1.33 | 1.51 | (0.16 | ) | (0.13 | ) | (0.58 | ) | (0.87 | ) | 0.00 | 9.63 | 17.4 | 160,147 | 1.89 | 1.13 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 |
10.80 | 0.14 | (1.11 | ) | (0.97 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.70 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.84 | ) | 0.00 | 8.99 | (8.1 | ) | 141,325 | 1.70 | 1.14 | 8 |
| Total return represents aggregate total return of a hypothetical $1,000 investment at the beginning of the year and sold at the end of the year including reinvestment of distributions and does not reflect the applicable sales charges. |
| All per share amounts and net asset values have been adjusted as a result of the 1 for 2 reverse stock split on March 6, 2015. |
(a) | Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares outstanding method. |
(b) | Amount represents less than $0.005 per share. |
(c) | The Fund received credits from a designated broker who agreed to pay certain Fund operating expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015, there was no impact on the expense ratios. |
35
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers Available through Certain Intermediaries
Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or CDSC waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchasers responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchasers financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge reductions or waivers. Not all intermediaries will offer the same reductions and waivers to persons purchasing shares of the Fund. In order to receive these reductions or waivers, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares through an intermediary offering such reductions or waivers or directly from the Fund if the Fund offers such reductions or waivers. Please see the section entitled Classes of Shares for more information on sales charge reductions and waivers available for different classes of shares that are available for purchase directly from the Fund. The specific sales charge waivers and/or discounts for the intermediaries below are implemented and solely administered by the particular intermediary. Please contact that intermediary to ensure that you understand the steps that you must take to qualify for available waivers and discounts.
The information in this Appendix A is part of, and incorporated into, the Funds prospectus.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (Merrill Lynch)
Shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the Funds prospectus.
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares Available at Merrill Lynch |
Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan |
Shares purchased by a 529 Plan (does not include 529 Plan units or 529-specific share classes or equivalents) |
Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program |
Shares exchanged due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory) account pursuant to Merrill Lynchs policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers |
Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynchs platform |
Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable) |
Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the Fund Complex) |
Shares exchanged from Class C shares of the same fund pursuant to Merrill Lynchs policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers |
Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members |
Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Funds investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this prospectus |
Eligible shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Fund Complex, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). Automated transactions (i.e. systematic purchases and withdrawals) and purchases made after shares are automatically sold to pay Merrill Lynchs account maintenance fees are not eligible for reinstatement |
36
CDSC Waivers on Class A and C Shares Available at Merrill Lynch |
Death or disability of the shareholder |
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Funds prospectus |
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account |
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code |
Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch |
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement |
Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to a fee based accounts or platforms (applicable to A and C shares only) |
Shares received through an exchange due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory) account pursuant to Merrill Lynchs policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers |
Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent |
Breakpoints as described in this prospectus |
Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts as described in the Funds prospectus will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Fund Complex assets held by accounts (including 529 program holdings, where applicable) within the purchasers household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible Fund Complex assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets |
Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Fund Complex, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13 month period of time (if applicable) |
Ameriprise Financial
Shareholders purchasing Fund shares through an Ameriprise Financial platform or account will be eligible for the following front-end sales charge waivers, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Funds prospectus or SAI:
|
Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs or SAR-SEPs. |
|
Shares purchased through an Ameriprise Financial investment advisory program (if an Advisory or similar share class for such investment advisory program is not available). |
|
Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Ameriprise Financials platform (if an Advisory or similar share class for such investment advisory program is not available). |
|
Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same Fund (but not any other fund within the same fund family). |
|
Shares exchanged from Class C shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date. To the extent that this prospectus elsewhere provides for a waiver with respect to such shares following a shorter holding period, that waiver will apply to exchanges following such shorter period. To the extent that this prospectus elsewhere provides for a waiver with respect to exchanges of Class C shares for load waived shares, that waiver will also apply to such exchanges. |
|
Employees and registered representatives of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates and their immediate family members. |
37
|
Shares purchased by or through qualified accounts (including IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, 401(k)s, 403(b) TSCAs subject to ERISA and defined benefit plans) that are held by a covered family member, defined as an Ameriprise financial advisor and/or the advisors spouse, advisors lineal ascendant (mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, great grandmother, great grandfather), advisors lineal descendant (son, step-son, daughter, step-daughter, grandson, granddaughter, great grandson, great granddaughter) or any spouse of a covered family member who is a lineal descendant. |
|
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (i.e. Rights of Reinstatement). |
Morgan Stanley Wealth Management
Shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Morgan Stanley Wealth Management transactional brokerage account will be eligible only for the following front-end sales charge waivers with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from and may be more limited than those disclosed elsewhere in this Funds Prospectus or SAI.
|
Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans |
|
Morgan Stanley employee and employee-related accounts according to Morgan Stanleys account linking rules |
|
Shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions when purchasing shares of the same fund |
|
Shares purchased through a Morgan Stanley self-directed brokerage account |
|
Class C (i.e., level-load) shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A shares of the same fund pursuant to Morgan Stanley Wealth Managements share class conversion program |
|
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (i) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (ii) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (iii) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge. |
Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. and each entitys affiliates (Raymond James)
Shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment adviser for which Raymond James provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this funds prospectus or SAI.
38
Front-end sales load waivers on Class A shares available at Raymond James
|
Shares purchased in an investment advisory program. |
|
Shares purchased within the same fund family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains and dividend distributions. |
|
Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James. |
|
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). |
|
A shareholder in the Funds Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James. |
CDSC Waivers on Classes A and C shares available at Raymond James
|
Death or disability of the shareholder. |
|
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the funds prospectus. |
|
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account. |
|
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the funds prospectus. |
|
Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James. |
|
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement. |
Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, rights of accumulation, and/or letters of intent
|
Breakpoints as described in this prospectus. |
|
Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchasers household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
|
Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (OPCO)
Shareholders purchasing Fund shares through OPCO platform or account are eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Funds prospectus or SAI.
39
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at OPCO
|
Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan |
|
Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan |
|
Shares purchased through a OPCO affiliated investment advisory program |
|
Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family) |
|
Shares purchased form the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same amount, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Restatement). |
|
A shareholder in the Funds Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of OPCO |
|
Employees and registered representatives of OPCO or its affiliates and their family members |
|
Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Funds investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this prospectus |
CDSC Waivers on A, B and C Shares available at OPCO
|
Death or disability of the shareholder |
|
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Funds prospectus |
|
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account |
|
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the prospectus |
|
Shares sold to pay OPCO fees but only if the transaction is initiated by OPCO |
|
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement |
Front-end load Discounts Available at OPCO: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent
|
Breakpoints as described in this prospectus. |
|
Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchasers household at OPCO. Eligible fund family assets not held at OPCO may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets |
40
The Gabelli Utilities Fund
Class AAA, A, C, and I Shares
For More Information:
For more information about the Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:
Annual/Semiannual Reports:
The Funds semiannual and audited annual reports to shareholders contain additional information on the Funds investments. In the Funds annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal year.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI):
The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund, including its operations and investment policies. It is incorporated by reference, and is legally considered a part of this prospectus.
Appendix A:
Appendix A to this prospectus, Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers Available through Certain Intermediaries is a separate document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus and contains information on sales charge reductions and waivers that differ from the sales charge reductions and waivers disclosed in this prospectus and the related SAI.
You can obtain free copies of these documents and prospectuses of other funds in the
Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex, or request other information and discuss your questions about the Fund by
mail, toll free telephone, or the Internet as follows:
The Gabelli Utilities Fund
One Corporate Center
Rye, NY 10580-1422
Telephone: 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554)
www.gabelli.com
You can also review and/or copy the Funds prospectus, annual/semiannual reports, and SAI at the Public Reference Room of the SEC in Washington, DC. You can obtain text-only copies:
|
Free from the Funds website at www.gabelli.com. |
|
For a fee, by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov, by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, DC 20549-1520, or by calling 202-551-8090. |
|
Free from the EDGAR Database on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. |
Investment Company Act File No. 811-09397
THE GABELLI UTILITIES FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
April 29, 2020
This Statement of Additional Information (the SAI), which is not a prospectus, describes The Gabelli Utilities Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the Fund). This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Funds prospectus for Class AAA, Class A, Class C, and Class I shares dated April 29, 2020. This SAI is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Funds prospectus. Portions of the Funds annual report to shareholders are incorporated by reference into this SAI. For a free copy of the Funds prospectus or the Funds annual report to shareholders, please contact the Fund at the address, telephone number, or Internet website printed below.
One Corporate Center
Rye, New York 10580-1422
Telephone: 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554)
www.gabelli.com
CLASS |
TICKER SYMBOL | |
AAA |
GABUX | |
A |
GAUAX | |
C |
GAUCX | |
I |
GAUIX |
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14 | ||||
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33 | ||||
34 | ||||
34 | ||||
A-1 |
1
The Fund is a diversified, open-end management investment company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on May 18, 1999. The Fund commenced investment operations on August 31, 1999. The Funds principal office is located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422. The Fund is advised by Gabelli Funds, LLC (the Adviser).
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The Funds prospectus discusses the investment objective of the Fund and the principal strategies to be employed to achieve its investment objective. This SAI contains supplemental information concerning certain types of securities and other instruments in which the Fund may invest, additional strategies that the Fund may utilize in seeking to achieve its investment objective, and certain risks associated with such investments and strategies. Subject to the investment policies and restrictions contained in the prospectus and this SAI, the Fund may invest in any of the securities described below.
Equity Securities
Because the Fund may invest in the common stocks of both foreign and domestic issuers, an investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in any investment in common stocks, including the risk that the financial condition of the issuers of the Funds portfolio securities may become impaired or that the general condition of the stock market may worsen (both of which may contribute directly to a decrease in the value of the securities and thus in the value of the Funds shares). Additional risks include risks associated with the right to receive payments from the issuer which is generally inferior to the rights of creditors of, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stock issued by, the issuer. The Fund does not expect to invest in excess of 5% of its assets in securities of unseasoned issuers (companies that have operated less than three years), which, due to their short operating history, may have less information available and may not be as liquid as other securities.
Moreover, common stocks do not represent an obligation of the issuer and therefore do not offer any assurance of income or provide the degree of protection of debt securities. The issuance of debt securities or even preferred stock by an issuer will create prior claims for payment of principal, interest, and dividends, that could adversely affect the ability and inclination of the issuer to declare or pay dividends on its common stock or the economic interest of holders of common stock with respect to assets of the issuer upon liquidation or bankruptcy. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which will be subject to market fluctuations prior thereto), common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity and have values that are subject to market fluctuations. Common stocks are especially susceptible to general stock market movements and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of the issuers change. These perceptions are based on unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary, and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic, or banking crises. The value of the common stocks in the Funds portfolio thus may be expected to fluctuate. Preferred stocks are usually entitled to rights on liquidation, which are senior to those of common stocks. For these reasons, preferred stocks generally entail less risk than common stocks. Such securities may pay cumulative dividends. Because the dividend rate and liquidation or redemption value is usually pre-established, such securities tend to have less possibility of capital appreciation.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities. In evaluating a convertible security, the Adviser places primary emphasis on the attractiveness of the underlying common stock and the potential for capital appreciation through conversion. The Fund may use convertible securities to have greater exposure to telecommunications companies that have superior growth characteristics compared with traditional public utility companies. The Fund will primarily purchase investment grade convertible debt securities having a rating of, or equivalent to, at least BBB (which securities may have speculative characteristics) by Standard & Poors Ratings Service (S&P) or Baa by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or, if unrated, judged by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. However, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in lower rated convertible debt securities.
Convertible securities may include corporate notes or preferred stock, but are primarily long term debt obligations of an issuer convertible at a stated exchange rate into common stock of the issuer. As with all debt securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. However, when the market price of the common stock underlying a convertible security exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security tends to reflect the value of the underlying common stock. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the convertible security tends to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and thus may not depreciate to the same extent as the underlying common stock. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock on an issuers capital structure and are consequently of higher quality and entail less risk than the issuers common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security.
In selecting convertible securities for the Fund, the Adviser relies primarily on its own evaluation of the issuer and the potential for capital appreciation through conversion. It does not rely on the rating of the security, or sell the security because of a change in its rating absent a change in its own evaluation of the underlying common stock and the ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest or dividends when due without disrupting its business goals. The Adviser considers interest and dividend yield only to confirm that they are reasonably consistent with prevailing rates for securities of similar quality, which provides a support level for the market price of the security. The Fund will purchase the convertible securities of highly leveraged issuers only when, in the judgment of the portfolio manager, the risk of default is outweighed by the potential for capital appreciation.
2
The issuers of debt obligations having speculative characteristics may experience difficulty paying principal and interest when due in the event of a downturn in the economy or unanticipated corporate developments. The market prices of such securities may become increasingly volatile in periods of economic uncertainty. Moreover, adverse publicity or the perceptions of investors over which the Adviser has no control, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the market price and liquidity of such investments. Although the Adviser will attempt to avoid exposing the Fund to such risks, there is no assurance that it will be successful or that a liquid secondary market will continue to be available for the disposition of such securities.
Corporate Debt Securities; Interest Rate Risk
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in debt securities, including lower rated and unrated corporate debt securities (often referred to as junk bonds). Currently, the Fund does not expect to invest more than 10% of its assets in junk bonds. Corporate debt securities which are either unrated or have a rating below investment grade may present opportunities for significant long term capital appreciation if the ability of the issuer to repay principal and interest when due is underestimated by the market or the rating organizations. Because of its perceived credit weakness, the issuer is generally required to pay a higher interest rate and/or its debt securities may be selling at a significantly lower market price than the debt securities of issuers actually having similar strengths. When the inherent value of such securities is recognized, the market value of such securities may appreciate significantly. The Adviser believes that its research on the credit and balance sheet strength of certain issuers may enable it to select a limited number of corporate debt securities which, in certain markets, will better serve the objective of capital appreciation than alternative investments in common stocks. Of course, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful. In its evaluation, the Adviser will not rely exclusively on ratings and the receipt of income is only an incidental consideration.
The ratings of Moodys and S&P generally represent the opinions of those organizations as to the quality of the securities that they rate. Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality and do not evaluate the market risk of the securities. Although the Adviser uses these ratings as a criterion for the selection of securities for the Fund, the Adviser also relies on its independent analysis to evaluate potential investments for the Fund. See Appendix ADescription of Corporate Debt Ratings.
As in the case of the convertible debt securities discussed above, lower rated and unrated corporate debt securities are generally considered to be more likely to default and are therefore significantly more speculative than those having an investment grade rating. They also are more subjective to market price volatility based on increased sensitivity to changes in interest rates and economic conditions or the liquidity of their secondary trading market.
Investments in debt securities, as well as income-producing equity securities, involve interest rate risk. When interest rates decline, the value of such securities generally rises. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of such securities generally declines. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low interest rates. There is a possibility that interest rates may rise.
Investments in Warrants and Rights
The Fund may invest in warrants and rights (in addition to those acquired in units or attached to other securities) that entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for or at the end of a specific period of time. The Fund will do so only if the underlying equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Adviser for inclusion in the Funds portfolio.
Investing in rights and warrants can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying security, and thus can be a riskier investment. The value of a right or warrant may decline because of a decline in the value of the underlying security, the passage of time, changes in interest rates or in the dividend or other policies of the Fund whose equity underlies the warrant, a change in the perception as to the future price of the underlying security, or any combination thereof. Rights and warrants generally pay no dividends and confer no voting or other rights other than the right to purchase the underlying security.
Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs)
The Fund may invest in MLPs, which are limited partnerships or limited liability companies usually taxable as partnerships. MLPs may derive income and gains from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, infrastructure related services transportation (including pipelines transporting gas, oil, or products thereof), storage, or the marketing of any mineral or natural resources. The value of an investment in an MLP may be directly affected by the prices of natural resources. The volatility and interrelationships of commodity prices can also indirectly affect certain MLPs due to the potential impact on the volume of commodities transported, processed, stored or distributed. The Funds investment in an MLP may be adversely affected by market perceptions that the performance and distributions or dividends of MLPs are directly tied to commodity prices.
Investments in MLPs subjects the Fund to risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the MLPs invest, risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLPs general partner, cash flow risks, dilution risks and risks related to the general partners right to require unit- holders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower volumes due to their smaller capitalizations, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and lower market liquidity. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns.
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Investments in Foreign Securities
The Fund may invest up to 40% of the value of its total assets in foreign securities or depositary receipts for foreign securities. Foreign securities investments may be affected by changes in currency rates or exchange control regulations, changes in governmental administration or economic or monetary policy (in the United States and abroad) or changed circumstances in dealings between nations. Dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes that may decrease the net return on these investments as compared with dividends paid to the Fund by domestic corporations. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about foreign issuers than about domestic issuers, and some foreign issuers are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable with those of domestic issuers. Securities of some foreign issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers and foreign brokerage commissions may be fixed or higher than in the United States. Foreign securities markets may also be less liquid, more volatile, and less subject to government supervision than those in the United States. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by other factors not present in the United States, including expropriation, confiscatory taxation, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Securities purchased on foreign exchanges may be held in custody by a foreign branch of a domestic bank.
The following provides more detail on certain pronounced risks with foreign investing:
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Foreign Currency Risk. The Fund may invest in companies whose securities are denominated or quoted in currencies other than U.S. dollars or have significant operations or markets outside of the United States. In such instances, the Fund will be exposed to currency risk, including the risk of fluctuations in the exchange rate between U.S. dollars (in which the Funds shares are denominated) and such foreign currencies, the risk of currency devaluations and the risks of non-exchangeability and blockage. As non-U.S. securities may be purchased with and payable in currencies of countries other than the U.S. dollar, the value of these assets measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and exchange control regulations. Fluctuations in currency rates may adversely affect the ability of the Adviser to acquire such securities at advantageous prices and may also adversely affect the performance of such assets. |
Certain non-U.S. currencies, primarily in developing countries, have been devalued in the past and might face devaluation in the future. Currency devaluations generally have a significant and adverse impact on the devaluing countrys economy in the short and intermediate term and on the financial condition and results of companies operations in that country. Currency devaluations may also be accompanied by significant declines in the values and liquidity of equity and debt securities of affected governmental and private sector entities generally. To the extent that affected companies have obligations denominated in currencies other than the devalued currency, those companies may also have difficulty in meeting those obligations under such circumstances, which in turn could have an adverse effect upon the value of the Funds investments in such companies. There can be no assurance that current or future developments with respect to foreign currency devaluations will not impair the Funds investment flexibility, its ability to achieve its investment objective or the value of certain of its foreign currency-denominated investments.
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Tax Consequences of Foreign Investing. The Funds transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. This treatment could increase or decrease the Funds ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Funds previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital. In certain cases, the Fund may make an election to treat gain or loss attributable to certain investments as capital gain or loss. |
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EMU and Redenomination Risk. As the European debt crisis progressed, the possibility of one or more Eurozone countries exiting the European Monetary Union (EMU), or even the collapse of the Euro as a common currency, arose, creating significant volatility at times in currency and financial markets generally. The effects of the collapse of the Euro, or of the exit of one or more countries from the EMU, on the U.S. and global economy and securities markets are impossible to predict and any such events could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Funds portfolio. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Funds portfolio investments. If one or more EMU countries were to stop using the Euro as its primary currency, the Funds investments in such countries may be redenominated into a different or newly adopted currency. As a result, the value of those investments could decline significantly and unpredictably. In addition, securities or other investments that are redenominated may be subject to foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and valuation risk to a greater extent than similar investments currently denominated in Euros. To the extent a currency used for redenomination purposes is not specified in respect of certain EMU-related investments, or should the Euro cease to be used entirely, the currency in which such investments are denominated may be unclear, making such investments particularly difficult to value or dispose of. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek judicial or other clarification of the denomination or value of such securities. |
Emerging Markets. The risks discussed above are more pronounced in securities of companies located in emerging markets. The prices of investments in emerging markets can experience sudden and sharp price swings. In many developing markets, there is less government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices (including the potential lack of strict finance and accounting controls and standards), stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in more developed markets, making these investments potentially more volatile in price and less liquid than investments in developed securities markets, resulting in greater risk to investors. There is a risk in developing countries that a future economic or political crisis could lead to price controls, forced mergers of companies, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, imposition or enforcement of foreign ownership limits, seizure, nationalization, sanctions or imposition of restrictions by various governmental entities on investment and trading, or creation of government monopolies, any of which may have a detrimental effect on the Funds investments. Many emerging market countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation or deflation for many years, and future inflation may adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such countries. In addition, the economies of developing countries tend to be heavily dependent upon international trade and, as such, have been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they do business.
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The securities markets of the countries in which the Fund may invest may also be smaller, less liquid, and subject to greater price volatility than those in the United States. In the event of a default on any investments in foreign debt obligations, it may be more difficult for the Fund to obtain or enforce a judgment against the issuers of such securities. In addition, there may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers of emerging market securities, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value of an investment in such securities. Further, the Funds ability to participate fully in the smaller, less liquid emerging markets may be limited by the policy restricting its investments in illiquid securities. The Fund may be subject to emerging markets risk to the extent that it invests in securities of issuers or companies which are not considered to be from emerging markets, but which have customers, products, or transactions associated with emerging markets.
Investing in Europe. A number of countries in the European Union (the EU) have experienced, and may continue to experience, severe economic and financial difficulties, increasing the risk of investing in the European markets. In particular, many EU nations are susceptible to economic risks associated with high levels of debt, notably due to investments in sovereign debt of countries such as Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland. As a result, financial markets in the EU have been subject to increased volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. Responses to these financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest, and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets, and asset valuations around the world. Greece, Ireland, and Portugal have already received one or more bailouts from other Eurozone member states, and it is unclear how much additional funding they will require or if additional Eurozone member states will require bailouts in the future. One or more other countries may also abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU, placing its currency and banking system in jeopardy. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear, but could be significant and far-reaching.
Pursuant to an agreement setting out the terms on which the United Kingdom may leave the European Union (Brexit), the United Kingdom formally withdrew from the EU, effective January 31, 2020, and entered into an 11-month transition period. During this transition period, the United Kingdom is expected to renegotiate its political and economic relationships with the EU and other countries. As a result of the original referendum and other geopolitical developments leading to Brexit, the financial markets experienced increased levels of volatility and it is likely that, in the near term, Brexit will continue to bring about higher levels of uncertainty and volatility. During this period of uncertainty, the negative impact on not only the United Kingdom and European economies, but the broader global economy, could be significant, potentially resulting in increased market and currency volatility (including volatility of the value of the British pound sterling relative to the United States dollar and other currencies and volatility in global currency markets generally), and illiquidity and lower economic growth for companies that rely significantly on Europe for their business activities and revenues. Additional risks associated with Brexit include macroeconomic risk to the United Kingdom and European economies, impetus for further disintegration of the EU and related political stresses (including those related to sentiment against cross border capital movements and activities of investors like us), prejudice to financial services businesses that are conducting business in the EU and which are based in the United Kingdom, legal uncertainty regarding achievement of compliance with applicable financial and commercial laws and regulations, and the unavailability of timely information as to expected legal, tax and other regimes. Any further exits from the EU, or the possibility of such exits, would likely cause additional market disruption globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties.
In addition, certain European countries have recently experienced negative interest rates on certain fixed-income instruments. A negative interest rate policy is an unconventional central bank monetary policy tool where nominal target interest rates are set with a negative value (i.e., below zero percent) intended to help create self-sustaining growth in the local economy. Negative interest rates may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from the Funds performance to the extent the Fund is exposed to such interest rates.
Among other things, these developments have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and pound sterling, and may continue to significantly affect the economies of all EU countries, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on the Funds investments in such countries, other countries that depend on EU countries for significant amounts of trade or investment, or issuers with exposure to debt issued by certain EU countries.
To the extent the Fund has exposure to European markets or to transactions tied to the value of the euro, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Funds investments. All of these developments may continue to significantly affect the economies of all EU countries, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on the Funds investments in such countries, other countries that depend on EU countries for significant amounts of trade or investment, or issuers with exposure to debt issued by certain EU countries.
Investments in Illiquid Securities
The Fund may invest, in the aggregate, up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. These securities include securities which are restricted for public sale, securities for which market quotations are not readily available, and repurchase agreements maturing or terminable in more than seven days. Securities freely saleable among qualified institutional investors pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and as adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), may be treated as liquid if they satisfy liquidity standards established by the Board of Trustees (the Board). The continued liquidity of such securities is not as well assured as that of publicly traded securities, and accordingly, the Board will monitor their liquidity. The Board will review pertinent factors such as trading activities, reliability of price information, and trading patterns of comparable securities in determining whether to treat any such security as liquid for purposes of the foregoing 15% test. To the extent the Board treats such securities as liquid, temporary impairment to trading patterns of such securities may adversely affect the Funds liquidity.
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Corporate Reorganizations
In general, securities of companies that have announced reorganization transactions sell at a premium to their historic market price immediately prior to the announcement of the tender offer or reorganization proposal. However, the increased market price of such securities may reflect a discount to what the stated or appraised value of the security would be if the contemplated transaction is approved and consummated. Such investments may be particularly advantageous when the discount significantly overstates the risk of the contingencies involved; significantly undervalues the securities, assets, or cash to be received by shareholders of the prospective acquiring portfolio company as a result of the contemplated transaction; or fails adequately to recognize the possibility that the offer or proposal may be replaced or superseded by an offer or proposal of greater value. The evaluation of such contingencies requires unusually broad knowledge and experience on the part of the Adviser which must appraise not only the value of the issuer and its component businesses as well as the assets or securities to be received as a result of the contemplated transaction, but also the financial resources and business motivation of the offeror as well as the dynamics of the business climate when the offer or proposal is in progress. The primary risk of this type of investing is that if the contemplated transaction is abandoned, revised, or delayed or becomes subject to unanticipated uncertainties, the market price of the securities may decline below the purchase price paid by the Fund.
The Funds investments in a single corporate reorganization transaction may be limited by its fundamental policies regarding diversification among issuers and industry concentration (see Investment Restrictions below). Because such investments are ordinarily short term in nature, they may increase the Funds portfolio turnover ratio, thereby increasing its brokerage and other transaction expenses. The Adviser intends to select investments of the type described which, in its view, have a reasonable prospect of significant capital appreciation in relation to both the risks involved and the potential of available alternate investments.
When Issued, Delayed Delivery Securities, and Forward Commitments
The Fund may enter into forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities, including on a when issued or delayed delivery basis in excess of customary settlement periods for the type of securities involved. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization, or debt restructuring, i.e., a when, as, and if issued security. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of the commitment, with payment and delivery taking place in the future, generally a month or more after the date of the commitment. While the Fund will only enter into a forward commitment with the intention of actually acquiring the security, the Fund may sell the forward commitment before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.
Securities purchased under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation, and no interest (or dividend) accrues to the Fund prior to the settlement date. The Fund will segregate with its custodian, through book-entry notations, cash or liquid securities in an aggregate amount at least equal to the amount of its outstanding forward commitments on a daily basis.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and non-bank dealers of U.S. government securities which are listed as reporting dealers of the Federal Reserve Bank and which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of their repurchase obligation. In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases a debt security from a seller which undertakes to repurchase the security at a specified resale price on an agreed future date. Custody of such security is maintained by the Funds custodian. The resale price generally exceeds the purchase price by an amount which reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate for the term of the repurchase agreement.
The primary risk of entering into repurchase agreements is that if the seller defaults, the proceeds from the disposition of underlying securities and other collateral for the sellers obligation could be less than the repurchase price. If the seller becomes bankrupt, the Fund might be delayed in selling the collateral. Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), repurchase agreements are considered loans. Repurchase agreements are usually settled within a short period such as one week or less, but could be longer. Except for repurchase agreements settled within a period of a week or less in respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, the Funds investments in repurchase agreements are subject to the limit of investing no more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Therefore, the Fund will not enter into repurchase agreements of a duration of more than seven days if, taken together with restricted securities and other securities for which there are no readily available quotations, more than 15% of its total assets would be so invested. These percentage limitations are fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.
Borrowing
The Fund may not borrow money except for (1) short term credits from banks as may be necessary for the clearance of portfolio transactions, and (2) borrowings from banks for temporary or emergency purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests that would otherwise require the untimely disposition of its portfolio securities. Borrowing may not, in the aggregate, exceed 15% of assets after giving effect to the borrowing, and borrowing for purposes other than meeting redemptions may not exceed 5% of the value of the Funds assets after giving effect to the borrowing. The Fund will not make additional investments when borrowings exceed 5% of assets. The Fund may mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate up to 30% of its assets (not including the amounts borrowed) to secure such borrowings.
Borrowing may exaggerate the effect on net asset value per share (NAV) of any increase or decrease in the market value of securities purchased with borrowed funds. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of securities purchased.
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Short Sales
The Fund may, from time to time, make short sales of securities it owns or has the right to acquire through conversion or exchange of other securities it owns (i.e., short sales against the box). In a short sale, the Fund does not immediately deliver the security sold or receive the proceeds from the sale. The market value of the securities sold short of any one issuer will not exceed either 5% of the Funds total assets or 5% of such issuers voting securities. The Fund may not make short sales or maintain a short position if it would cause more than 25% of the Funds total assets, taken at market value, to be held as collateral for the sales. However, short sales against the box are not subject to any limitation.
The Fund may make short sales both to obtain capital appreciation and to hedge against market risks when it believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by the Fund or a security convertible into, or exchangeable for, the security.
The Funds obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral, usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities. The Fund will also be required to deposit similar collateral with its Custodian (as defined below) to the extent, if any, necessary so that the value of both collateral deposits in the aggregate is at all times equal to the greater of the price at which the security is sold short or 100% of the current market value of the security sold short.
Swaps
The Fund may enter into total rate of return, credit default, or other types of swaps and related derivatives for various purposes, including to gain economic exposure to an asset or group of assets that may be difficult or impractical to acquire, or for hedging and risk management. These transactions generally provide for the transfer from one counterparty to another of certain risks inherent in the ownership of a financial asset such as a common stock or debt instrument. Such risks include, among other things, the risk of default and insolvency of the obligor of such asset, the risk that the credit of the obligor or the underlying collateral will decline, or the risk that the common stock of the underlying issuer will decline in value. The transfer of risk pursuant to a derivative of this type may be complete or partial, and may be for the life of the related asset or for a shorter period. These derivatives may be used as a risk management tool for a pool of financial assets, providing the Fund with the opportunity to gain or reduce exposure to one or more reference securities or other financial assets (each, a Reference Asset) without actually owning or selling such assets in order, for example, to increase or reduce a concentration risk or to diversify a portfolio. Conversely, these derivatives may be used by the Fund to reduce exposure to an owned asset without selling it.
Because the Fund may not own a Reference Asset, the Fund may not have any voting rights with respect to such Reference Asset, and in such cases all decisions related to the obligors or issuers of such Reference Asset, including whether to exercise certain remedies, will be controlled by the swap counterparties.
Total rate of return swaps and similar derivatives are subject to many risks, including the possibility that the market will move in a manner or direction that would have resulted in a gain for the Fund had the swap or other derivative not been utilized (in which case it would have been better had the Fund not engaged in the transactions), nearly unlimited exposure to changes in the value of the Reference Asset, total loss to the Fund of the entire notional amount of the swap, the risk of imperfect correlation between the risk sought to be hedged and the derivative transactions utilized, the possible inability of the counterparty to fulfill its obligations under the swap, and potential illiquidity of the instrument utilized, which may make it difficult for the Fund to close out or unwind one or more transactions.
Total rate of return swaps and related derivatives present certain legal, tax, and market uncertainties. There is currently little or no case law or litigation characterizing total rate of return swaps or related derivatives, interpreting their provisions, or characterizing their tax treatment. In addition, additional regulations and laws may apply to these types of derivatives that have not previously been applied.
There can be no assurance that future decisions construing similar provisions to those in any swap agreement or other related documents or additional regulations and laws will not have an adverse effect on the Fund if it utilizes these instruments. The Fund will monitor these risks and seek to utilize these instruments in a manner that does not lead to undue risk regarding the tax or other structural elements of the Fund. The Fund will not invest in these types of instruments if the Reference Assets are commodities except for bona fide hedging or risk management purposes. The Fund only will enter into swaps that are regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) if in doing so the Fund will continue to satisfy the restrictions imposed by the CFTC under Rule 4.5.
Options
The Fund may purchase or sell listed call or put options on securities to obtain additional return or to hedge the value of the Funds portfolio. A call option is a contract that, in return for a premium, gives the holder of the option the right to buy from the writer of the call option the security underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the contract. The writer of the call option has the obligation, upon exercise of the option, to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price during the option period. A put option is a contract that gives the holder the right to sell the security to the writer and obligating the writer to purchase the underlying security from the holder.
A written call option is covered if the Fund owns the underlying security subject to the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account by its custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds a call on the same security as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (1) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written, or (2) greater than the exercise price of the call written if the difference is maintained by the Fund in cash, U.S. government securities or other high grade short term obligations in a segregated account held, through book-entry notations, with its custodian. Whenever the Fund is required to establish a segregated account, notations on the books of the Funds custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. A put option is covered if the Fund maintains cash or other liquid portfolio securities with a value equal to the exercise price in a segregated account held with its custodian, or else holds a put on the same security as the put written where the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written.
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If the Fund has written an option, it may terminate its obligation by purchasing an option of the same series as the option previously written. However, once the Fund has been assigned an exercise notice, the Fund will be unable to terminate its obligation. Similarly, if the Fund is the holder of an option it may liquidate its position by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. There can be no assurance that either a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund desires.
The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or is more than the premium paid to purchase the option; the Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or is less than the premium paid to purchase the option. Because call option prices generally reflect increases in the price of the underlying security, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option may also be wholly or partially offset by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security. Other principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price and price volatility of the underlying security, and the time remaining until the expiration date.
An option position may be closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. Although the Fund will generally purchase or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option. In such event it might not be possible to close particular options, and the Fund would have to exercise such options in order to realize any profit and would incur brokerage commissions upon the exercise of call options and upon the subsequent disposition of underlying securities for the exercise of put options. If the Fund, as a covered call option writer, is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or it delivers the underlying security upon exercise or otherwise covers the position.
Options on Securities Indices
In addition to options on securities, the Fund may also purchase and sell call and put options on securities indices. A stock index reflects in a single number the market value of a basket of stocks. Relative values are assigned to the stocks included in an index and the value of the index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the basket of stocks. These options give the holder the right to receive a cash settlement during the term of the option based on the difference between the exercise price and the value of the index.
When it writes a put or call option on a securities index, the Fund is obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount. The Fund may offset its position in stock index options prior to expiration by entering into a closing transaction on an exchange or it may let the option expire unexercised. The Fund may write put and call options on stock indices for the purposes of increasing its gross income and protecting its portfolio against declines in the value of the securities it owns or increases in the value of securities to be acquired. In addition, the Fund may purchase put and call options on stock indices in order to hedge its investments against a decline in value or to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a market or industry segment advance. Options on stock indices are similar to options on specific securities. However, because options on stock indices do not involve the delivery of an underlying security, the option represents the holders right to obtain from the writer cash in an amount equal to a fixed multiple of the amount by which the exercise price exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying stock index on the exercise date. Therefore, while one purpose of writing such options is to generate additional income for the Fund, the Fund may be required to deliver an amount of cash in excess of the market value of a stock index at such time as an option written by the Fund is exercised by the holder. The writing and purchasing of options on stock indices is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The successful use of protective puts for hedging purposes depends in part on the Advisers ability to predict future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets.
Use of options on securities indices entails the risk that trading in the options may be interrupted if trading in certain securities included in the index is interrupted. The Fund will not purchase these options unless the Adviser is satisfied with the development, depth and liquidity of the market and the Adviser believes the options can be closed out.
Price movements in the Funds portfolio may not precisely correlate with movements in the level of an index and, therefore, the use of options on indices cannot serve as a complete hedge and will depend, in part, on the ability of the Adviser to correctly predict movements in the direction of the stock market generally or of an industry particularly. Because options on securities indices require settlement in cash, the Adviser may be forced to liquidate portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations.
Options on Foreign Currency
The Fund also may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies. A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires. Currency options traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges may be subject to position limits which could limit the ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options. Over-the-counter options differ from exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts with the price and other terms negotiated between the buyer and seller and they generally are not as liquid as exchange-traded options.
Certain types of over-the-counter options on foreign currency may now be regulated as swaps by the CFTC. The regulation of such options as swaps is a recent development and there can be no assurance that the regulation of these types of instruments as swaps will not have an adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund only will enter into options that are regulated by the CFTC if in doing so the Fund will continue to satisfy the restrictions imposed by the CFTC under Rule 4.5.
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Although the Adviser will attempt to take appropriate measures to minimize the risks relating to the Funds writing of put and call options, there can be no assurance that the Fund will succeed in any option-writing program it undertakes.
Loans of Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers or financial institutions provided that the loans are callable at any time by the Fund. Loans of portfolio securities by the Fund, if and when made, (1) will be collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements, and (2) will be limited in aggregate to 33 1/3% of the value of the Funds total assets.
The Fund lends its portfolio securities in order to generate revenue to defray certain operating expenses. This allows the Fund to continue to receive income on the loaned securities while also earning interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral, which are invested in short term, highly liquid obligations.
Generally a loan may be terminated by the borrower on one business days notice, or at any time thereby requiring the borrower to redeliver the borrowed securities within the normal and customary settlement time for securities transactions. If the borrower fails to deliver the loaned securities within the normal and customary settlement time for securities transactions, the Fund may use the collateral to replace the securities and may hold the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost over the value of the collateral pledged by the borrower. As with any extensions of credit, the Fund would be subject to the risk of delay in recovery, and in some cases even the risk of the loss of rights to the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. However, loans of portfolio securities will only be made to firms deemed by the Adviser to be creditworthy and when the potential for income from the loans justifies the attendant risks. The Board will oversee the creditworthiness of the contracting parties on an ongoing basis. Upon termination of a loan, the borrower is required to return the securities to the Fund. Any gain or loss in the market price during the loan period would inure to the Fund. The risks associated with loans of portfolio securities are substantially similar to those associated with repurchase agreements. Thus, if the borrower petitions for bankruptcy or becomes subject to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result, under extreme circumstances, there may be a restriction on the Funds ability to sell the collateral and the Fund could suffer a loss. Moreover, because the Fund will reinvest any cash collateral it receives, as described above, the Fund is subject to the risk that the value of the investments it makes will decline and result in losses to the Fund.
These loses, in extreme circumstances such as the 2007-2009 financial crisis, could be substantial and have a significant adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.
When voting or consent rights that accompany loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund will follow the policy of calling the loaned securities, to be delivered within one day after notice, to permit the exercise of such rights if the matters involved would have a material effect on the Funds investment in such loaned securities. The Fund will pay reasonable finders, administrative, and custodial fees in connection with a loan of its securities, and may also pay fees to one or more securities lending agents and/or pay other fees or rebates to borrowers.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures
The Fund may enter into futures contracts that are traded on a U.S. exchange or board of trade. Although the Fund has no current intention of using options on futures contracts, the Fund may do so at some future date, subject to the limitations stated in the preceding sentence. These investments will be made by the Fund solely for the purpose of hedging against changes in the value of its portfolio securities or securities it intends to purchase and reducing risks involved in the management of the Fund. In this regard, the Fund may enter into futures contracts or options on futures for the purchase or sale of securities indices or other financial instruments including but not limited to U.S. government securities. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act by the CFTC. The Fund only will enter into futures contracts or options on futures for the purchase or sale of securities indices or other financial instruments (including but not limited to U.S. government securities) if in doing so the Fund will continue to satisfy the restrictions imposed by the CFTC under Rule 4.5.
A sale of a futures contract (or a short futures position) means the assumption of a contractual obligation to deliver the reference assets underlying the contract at a specified price at a specified future time. A purchase of a futures contract (or a long futures position) means the assumption of a contractual obligation to acquire the reference assets underlying the contract at a specified price at a specified future time. Certain futures contracts, including stock and bond index futures, are settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the reference assets underlying the futures contracts.
No consideration will be paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents equal to approximately 1% to 10% of the contract amount (this amount is subject to change by the exchange or board of trade on which the contract is traded and brokers or members of such board of trade may charge a higher amount). This amount is known as initial margin and is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract. Subsequent payments, known as variation margin, to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the index or security underlying the futures contract fluctuates. At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, the portfolio may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Funds existing position in the contract.
An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writers futures margin account attributable to
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that contract, which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds, in the case of a call, or is less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential loss related to the purchase of an option on futures contracts is limited to the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). Because the value of the option purchased is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option does change daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of the portfolio.
In the event the Fund enters into a futures contract representing a net long or short position, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities equal to the Funds potential obligations and its exposure to the value of the contract will be segregated, thereby insuring that the use of the contract is unleveraged. Whenever the Fund is required to establish a segregated account, notations on the books of the Funds custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account.
The success of hedging depends on the Advisers ability to predict movements in the prices of the hedged securities and market fluctuations. The Adviser may not be able to perfectly correlate changes in the market value of securities and the prices of the corresponding options or futures. The Adviser may have difficulty selling or buying futures contracts and options when it chooses and there may be certain restrictions on trading futures contracts and options. The Fund is not obligated to pursue any hedging strategy. While hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains. In addition, particular hedging instruments may not be available, may be too costly to be used effectively, or may be unable to be used for other reasons.
Regulation of Certain Options, Currency Transactions, and Other Derivative Transactions as Swaps or Security-Based Swaps
Title VII (the Derivatives Title) of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act) imposed a new regulatory structure on derivatives markets starting in 2011, with particular emphasis on swaps and security-based swaps (collectively swaps). This regulatory framework covers a broad range of swap market participants, including banks, non-banks, credit unions, insurance companies, broker-dealers and investment advisers.
The SEC, other U.S. regulators, and to a lesser extent the CFTC (the Regulators) are still in the process of adopting regulations, making determinations and providing guidance to implement the Derivatives Title, though certain aspects of the regulatory structure are substantially complete. Until the Regulators complete their rulemaking efforts, the full extent to which the Derivatives Title and the rules adopted thereunder will impact the Fund is unclear. It is possible that the continued development of this regulatory structure for swaps may jeopardize certain trades and/or trading strategies that may be employed by the Adviser, or at least make them more costly.
Current regulations require the mandatory central clearing and mandatory exchange trading of particular types of interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps (together, Covered Swaps). Together, these regulatory requirements change the Funds trading of Covered Swaps. With respect to mandatory central clearing, the Fund is now required to clear its Covered Swaps through a clearing broker, which requires, among other things, posting initial margin and variation margin to the Funds clearing broker in order to enter into and maintain positions in Covered Swaps. With respect to mandatory exchange trading, the Adviser may be required to become a participant of an execution platform called a swap execution facility (SEF) or may be required to access the SEF through an intermediary (such as an executing broker) in order to be able to trade Covered Swaps for the Fund. In either scenario, the Adviser and/or the Fund may incur additional legal and compliance costs and transaction fees. Just as with the other regulatory changes imposed as a result of the implementation of the Derivatives Title, the increased costs and fees associated with trading Covered Swaps may jeopardize certain trades and/or trading strategies that may be employed by the Adviser, or at least make them more costly.
Additionally, the Regulators have finalized regulations with a phased implementation that may require swap dealers to collect from, and post to, the Fund variation margin (and initial margin, if the Fund exceeds a specified exposure threshold) for uncleared derivatives transactions in certain circumstances. U.S. federal banking regulators have also finalized regulations that would impose upon swap dealers new capital requirements. The CFTC and SEC have each proposed, but not yet adopted, capital requirements for swap dealers, and the SEC is still in the process of finalizing its proposed uncleared margin rules. As uncleared margin and capital requirements have been and continue to be finalized and implemented, such requirements may make certain types of trades and/or trading strategies more costly or impermissible.
There may be market dislocations due to uncertainty during the implementation period of any new regulation and the Adviser cannot know how the derivatives market will adjust to new regulations. Until the Regulators complete the rulemaking process for the Derivatives Title, it is unknown the extent to which such risks may materialize.
1940 Act Limitations
To the extent the terms of derivatives transactions obligate the Fund to make payments, the Fund may earmark or segregate cash or liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the current value of the amount then payable by the Fund under the terms of such transactions or otherwise cover such transactions in accordance with applicable interpretations of the staff of the SEC. If the current value of the amount then payable by the Fund under the terms of such transactions is represented by the notional amounts of such investments, the Fund would segregate or earmark cash or liquid assets having a market value at least equal to such notional amounts, and if the current value of the amount then payable by the Fund under the terms of such transactions is represented by the market value of the Funds current obligations, the Fund would segregate or earmark cash or liquid assets having a market value at least equal to such current obligations. To the extent the terms of derivatives transactions obligate the Fund to deliver particular securities to extinguish the Funds obligations under such transactions the Fund may cover its obligations under such transactions by either (i) owning the securities or collateral underlying such transactions or (ii) having an absolute and immediate right to acquire such securities or collateral without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, having earmarked or segregated an appropriate amount of cash or liquid assets). Such earmarking, segregation, or cover is intended to provide the Fund with available assets to satisfy its obligations under such transactions. As a result of such earmarking, segregation, or cover, the Funds obligations under such transactions will not be considered senior securities representing indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act, or considered borrowings subject to the Funds limitations on borrowings, but may create leverage for the Fund. To the extent that the Funds obligations under such transactions are not so earmarked, segregated or covered, such obligations may be considered senior securities representing indebtedness under the 1940 Act and therefore subject to a 300% asset coverage requirement pursuant to 1940 Act requirements.
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These earmarking, segregation, or cover requirements can result in the Fund maintaining securities positions it would otherwise liquidate, segregating or earmarking assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restrict portfolio management.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The occurrence of events similar to those in recent years, such as the aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine, North Korea and the Middle East, pandemics (such as COVID-19), epidemics or outbreaks of infectious diseases in certain parts of the world, terrorist attacks in the U.S. and around the world, trade or tariff arrangements, social and political discord, debt crises (such as the Greek crisis), sovereign debt downgrades, increasingly strained relations between the United States and a number of foreign countries including traditional allies, such as certain European countries, and historical adversaries, such as North Korea, Iran, China and Russia, and the international community generally, new and continued political unrest in various countries, such as Venezuela and Spain, the exit or potential exit of one or more countries from the EU or the EMU, continued changes in the balance of political power among and within the branches of the U.S. government, government shutdowns, among others, may result in market volatility, may have long term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets, and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide.
Due to a lapse in appropriations, a partial U.S. government shutdown occurred from December 22, 2018 through January 25, 2019. The current contentious domestic political environment, as well as political and diplomatic events within the United States and abroad, such as the U.S. governments inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, may in the future result in additional government shutdowns, which could have a material adverse effect on the Funds investments and operations. In addition, the Funds ability to raise additional capital in the future through the sale of securities could be materially affected by a government shutdown. Additional and/or prolonged U.S. government shutdowns may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree.
While the extreme volatility and disruption that U.S. and global markets experienced for an extended period of time beginning in 2007 and 2008 had, until the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, generally subsided, uncertainty and periods of volatility still remain, and risks to a robust resumption of growth persist. Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates, may adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend and interest paying securities. Market volatility, dramatic changes to interest rates and/or a return to unfavorable economic conditions may lower the Funds performance or impair the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective. The occurrence of any of the above events could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Funds portfolio. The Fund does not know how long the securities markets may be affected by similar events and cannot predict the effects of similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. There can be no assurance that similar events and other market disruptions will not have other material and adverse implications.
As previously discussed, Brexit has led to volatility in the financial markets of the UK and more broadly across Europe and may also lead to weakening in consumer, corporate and financial confidence in such markets. The decision made in the British referendum may lead to a call for similar referendums in other European jurisdictions which may cause increased economic volatility in the European and global markets. This mid- to long-term uncertainty may have an adverse effect on the economy generally and on the ability of the Fund and its investments to execute its respective strategies and to receive attractive returns. In particular, currency volatility may mean that the returns of the Fund and its investments are adversely affected by market movements and may make it more difficult, or more expensive, for the Fund to execute prudent currency hedging policies. Potential decline in the value of the British Pound and/or the Euro against other currencies, along with the potential downgrading of the United Kingdoms sovereign credit rating, may also have an impact on the performance of portfolio companies or investments located in the United Kingdom or Europe. In light of the above, no definitive assessment can currently be made regarding the impact that Brexit will have on the Fund, its investments or its organization more generally.
Economic Events and Market Risk
Periods of market volatility remain, and may continue to occur in the future, in response to various political, social and economic events both within and outside of the United States. These conditions have resulted in, and in many cases continue to result in, greater price volatility, less liquidity, widening credit spreads and a lack of price transparency, with many securities remaining illiquid and of uncertain value. Such market conditions may adversely affect the Fund, including by making valuation of some of the Funds securities uncertain and/or result in sudden and significant valuation increases or declines in the Funds holdings.
Risks resulting from any future debt or other economic crisis could also have a detrimental impact on the global economic recovery, the financial condition of financial institutions and our business, financial condition, and results of operation. Market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, consumer confidence levels and spending, personal bankruptcy rates, levels of incurrence and default on consumer debt and home prices, among other factors. To the extent uncertainty regarding the U.S. or global economy negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected. Downgrades to the credit ratings of major banks could result in increased borrowing costs for such banks and negatively affect the broader economy. Moreover, Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates and the decision to end its quantitative easing policy, may also adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend- and interest-paying securities. Market volatility, rising interest rates, and/or a return to unfavorable economic conditions could impair the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective.
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Regulation and Government Intervention Risk
The global financial crisis has led the U.S. government and certain foreign governments to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity, including through direct purchases of equity and debt securities. Federal, state, and other governments and certain foreign governments and their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take legislative and regulatory actions that affect the regulation of the instruments in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Such legislation or regulation may change the way in which the Fund is regulated and could limit or preclude the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective.
The Dodd-Frank Act contains sweeping financial legislation regarding the operation of banks, private fund managers, and other financial institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act includes provisions regarding, among other things, the regulation of derivatives, the identification, monitoring, and prophylactic regulation of systemic risks to financial markets, and the regulation of proprietary trading and investment activity of banking institutions. The continuing implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act and any other regulations could adversely affect the Adviser and the Fund. The Adviser may attempt to take certain actions to lessen the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and any other legislation or regulation affecting the Fund, although no assurance can be given that such actions would be successful and no assurance can be given that such actions would not have a significant negative impact on the Fund. The ultimate impact of the Dodd-Frank Act, and any additional future legislation or regulation, is not yet certain and the Adviser and the Fund may be affected by governmental action in ways that are unforeseeable.
Moreover, the SEC and its staff are also reportedly engaged in various initiatives and reviews that seek to improve and modernize the regulatory structure governing investment companies. These efforts appear to be focused on risk identification and controls in various areas, including embedded leverage through the use of derivatives and other trading practices, cybersecurity, liquidity, enhanced regulatory and public reporting requirements and the evaluation of systemic risks. Any new rules, guidance or regulatory initiatives resulting from these efforts could increase the Funds expenses and impact its returns to shareholders or, in the extreme case, impact or limit its use of various portfolio management strategies or techniques and adversely impact the Fund.
In particular, the U.S. government has proposed and adopted multiple regulations that could have a long-lasting impact on the Fund and on the mutual fund industry in general. The SECs final rules and amendments that modernize reporting and disclosure and required the implementation of a liquidity risk management program, along with other potential upcoming regulations, could, among other things, restrict the Funds ability to engage in transactions, impact flows into the Fund and/or increase overall expenses of the Fund. The Board designated and approved a liquidity committee (Liquidity Committee) to administer the Funds liquidity risk management program and related procedures, various aspects of which went into effect in December 2018 and June 2019.
In addition, the SEC, Congress, various exchanges and regulatory and self-regulatory authorities, both domestic and foreign, have undertaken reviews of the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, which could affect the nature and extent of instruments used by the Fund. For example, the SEC recently re-proposed a new regulatory framework for registered investment companies use of derivatives. While the full extent of the aggregate impact of these regulations is still unclear, these regulations and actions may adversely affect both the Fund and the instruments in which such Fund invests and its ability to execute its investment strategy. Similarly, regulatory developments in other countries may have an unpredictable and adverse impact on the Fund.
The executive branch may call for significant changes to U.S. fiscal, tax, trade, healthcare, immigration, foreign, and government regulatory policy. In this regard, there is significant uncertainty with respect to legislation, regulation and government policy at the federal level, as well as the state and local levels. Recent events have created a climate of heightened uncertainty and introduced new and difficult-to-quantify macroeconomic and political risks with potentially far-reaching implications. There has been a corresponding meaningful increase in the uncertainty surrounding interest rates, inflation, foreign exchange rates, trade volumes, and fiscal and monetary policy. To the extent the U.S. Congress or the executive branch administration implements changes to U.S. policy, those changes may impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade and relations, unemployment, immigration, corporate taxes, healthcare, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas. Although the Fund cannot predict the impact, if any, of these changes to the Funds business, they could adversely affect the Funds business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Until the Fund knows what policy changes are made and how those changes impact the Funds business and the business of the Funds competitors over the long term, the Fund will not know if, overall, the Fund will benefit from them or be negatively affected by them.
Additional risks arising from the differences in expressed policy preferences among the various constituencies in the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. government have led in the past, and may lead in the future, to short term or prolonged policy impasses, which could, and have, resulted in shutdowns of the U.S. federal government. U.S. federal government shutdowns, especially prolonged shutdowns, could have a significant adverse impact on the economy in general and could impair the ability of issuers to raise capital in the securities markets. Any of these effects could have an adverse impact on companies in the Funds portfolios and consequently on the value of their securities and the Funds net asset values.
The Fund may be affected by governmental action in ways that are not foreseeable, and there is a possibility that such actions could have a significant adverse effect on the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective.
Special Risks Related to Cyber Security
The Fund and its service providers are susceptible to cyber security risks that include, among other things, theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; denial of service attacks; unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Fund and its service providers use to service the Funds operations; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. Cyber attacks against or security breakdowns of the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses;
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the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Fund to process transactions; inability to calculate the Funds NAV; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement, or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund may incur additional costs for cyber security risk management and remediation purposes. In addition, cyber security risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which may cause the Funds investment in such issuers to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Fund or its service providers will not suffer losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches in the future.
The Funds investment objective and the following investment restrictions are fundamental and may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the Funds shareholders defined in the 1940 Act, as the lesser of (1) 67% of the Funds shares present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the Funds outstanding shares. In addition, as a fundamental policy the Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 25% of its assets in the utilities industry. All other investment policies or practices are considered not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. If a percentage restriction on investment or the use of assets set forth below is adhered to at the time the transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from changing market values or total assets of the Fund will not be considered a deviation from policy. Under such restrictions, the Fund may not:
1. |
Purchase the securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government, or any of its agencies or instrumentalities, if immediately after such purchase more than 5% of the value of its total assets would be invested in such issuer or the Fund would own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, except that up to 25% of the value of the Funds total assets may be invested without regard to such 5% and 10% limitations; |
2. |
Invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any particular industry other than the utilities industry (this restriction does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities); |
3. |
Make loans of its assets except for: (a) purchasing private or publicly distributed debt obligations, (b) engaging in repurchase agreements, and (c) lending its portfolio securities consistent with applicable regulatory requirements; |
4. |
Purchase securities on margin, but it may obtain such short term credits from banks as may be necessary for the clearance of purchase and sales of securities; |
5. |
Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by applicable law; |
6. |
Borrow money, except subject to the restrictions set forth in this SAI; |
7. |
Mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any of its assets except that, in connection with permissible borrowings mentioned in restriction (6) above, not more than 30% of the assets of the Fund (not including amounts borrowed) may be used as collateral and except for collateral arrangements with respect to options, futures, hedging transactions, short sales, when- issued and forward commitment transactions, and similar investment strategies; |
8. |
Engage in the underwriting of securities, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of a portfolio security; |
9. |
Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts except for bona fide hedging, yield enhancement and risk management purposes or invest in any oil, gas, or mineral interests; |
10. |
Purchase real estate or interests therein, other than mortgage backed securities and securities of companies that invest in real estate or interests therein; or |
11. |
Invest for the purpose of exercising control over management of any company (the Fund does not view efforts to affect management or business decisions of portfolio companies as investing for the purpose of exercising control). |
Additionally, the Fund relies upon an exclusion under CFTC Rule 4.5 from the definition of commodity pool operator to avoid registration with the CFTC. This exclusion imposes certain trading restrictions on the Fund. These trading restrictions permit the Fund to engage in commodity interest transactions (collectively, futures contracts, certain option contracts, certain currency transactions and certain swaps) that include (i) bona fide hedging transactions, as that term is defined and interpreted by the CFTC and its staff, without regard to the percentage of the Funds assets committed to margin and option premiums and (ii) non-bona fide hedging transactions, provided that the Fund not enter into such non-bona fide hedging transactions if, immediately thereafter, either (a) the sum of the amount of initial margin deposits on the Funds existing futures or swaps positions and option or swaption premiums would exceed 5% of the market value of the Funds liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions, or (b) the aggregate net notional value of the Funds commodity interest transactions would not exceed 100% of the market value of the Funds liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions. In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the future, options or swaps markets.
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PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Employees of the Adviser and its affiliates will often have access to information concerning the portfolio holdings of the Fund. The Fund and the Adviser have adopted policies and procedures that require all employees to safeguard proprietary information of the Fund, which includes information relating to the Funds portfolio holdings as well as portfolio trading activity of the Adviser with respect to the Fund (collectively, Portfolio Holdings Information). In addition, the Fund and the Adviser have adopted policies and procedures providing that Portfolio Holdings Information may not be disclosed except to the extent that it is (a) made available to the general public by posting on the Funds website or filed as part of a required filing on Form N-PORT or N-CSR, or (b) provided to a third party for legitimate business purposes or regulatory purposes that has agreed to keep such information confidential under terms approved by the Advisers legal department or outside counsel, as described below. The Adviser will examine each situation under (b) with a view to determine that release of the information is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders and, if a potential conflict between the Advisers interests and the Funds interests arises, to have such conflict resolved by the Chief Compliance Officer or those Trustees who are not considered to be interested persons, as defined in the 1940 Act (the Independent Trustees). These policies further provide that no officer of the Fund or employee of the Adviser shall communicate with the media about the Fund without obtaining the advance consent of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, or General Counsel of the Adviser.
Under the foregoing policies, the Fund may disclose Portfolio Holdings Information in the circumstances outlined below. Disclosure generally may be either on a monthly or quarterly basis with no time lag in some cases and with a time lag of up to sixty days in other cases (with the exception of proxy voting services which require a regular download of data).
1. |
To regulatory authorities in response to requests for such information and with the approval of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund; |
2. |
To mutual fund rating and statistical agencies and to persons performing similar functions where there is a legitimate business purpose for such disclosure and such entity has agreed to keep such data confidential at least until it has been made public by the Adviser; |
3. |
To service providers of the Fund, as necessary for the performance of their services to the Fund and to the Board where such entity has agreed to keep such data confidential at least until it has been made public by the Adviser. The Funds current service providers that may receive such information are its administrator, sub-administrator, custodian, independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel, and financial printers; |
4. |
To firms providing proxy voting or other proxy services provided such entity has agreed to keep such data confidential at least until it has been made public by the Adviser; |
5. |
To certain broker-dealers, investment advisers, and other financial intermediaries for purposes of their performing due diligence on the Fund and not for dissemination of this information to their clients or use of this information to conduct trading for their clients. Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information in these circumstances requires the broker-dealer, investment adviser, or financial intermediary to agree to keep such information confidential at least until it has been made public by the Adviser and is further subject to prior approval of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund and shall be reported to the Board at the next quarterly meeting; and |
6. |
To consultants for purposes of performing analysis of the Fund, which analysis may be used by the consultant with its clients or disseminated to the public, provided that such entity shall have agreed to keep such information confidential at least until it has been made public by the Adviser. |
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund makes information about its portfolio securities available to its administrator, sub-administrator, custodian, and proxy voting services on a daily basis, with no time lag, to its typesetter on a semiannual basis with a ten day time lag, to its financial printers on a quarterly basis with a forty-five day time lag, and to its independent registered public accounting firm and legal counsel on an as needed basis with no time lag. The names of the Funds administrator, sub-administrator, custodian, independent registered public accounting firm, and legal counsel are set forth in this SAI. The Funds proxy voting service is Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc., Donnelley Financial Solutions, and Appatura provide typesetting services for the Fund, and the Fund selects from a number of financial printers who have agreed to keep such information confidential at least until it has been made public by the Adviser.
Other than these arrangements with the Funds service providers and proxy voting service, the Fund does not have any ongoing arrangements to make available information about the Funds portfolio securities prior to such information being disclosed in a publicly available filing with the SEC that is required to include the information.
Disclosures made pursuant to a confidentiality agreement are subject to periodic confirmation by the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund that the recipient has utilized such information solely in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Neither the Fund, nor the Adviser, nor any of the Advisers affiliates will accept on behalf of itself, its affiliates, or the Fund any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings of the Fund. The Board will review such arrangements annually with the Funds Chief Compliance Officer.
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Under Delaware law, the Funds Board is responsible for establishing the Funds policies and for overseeing the management of the Fund. The Board also elects the Funds officers who conduct the daily business of the Fund. Information pertaining to the Trustees and Officers of the Fund is set forth below.
Name, Position(s), Address(1) and Age |
Term of
Office and Length of Time Served(2) |
Number of
Funds in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustee |
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years |
Other Directorships |
||||
INTERESTED TRUSTEE(4): |
||||||||
Mario J. Gabelli Chairman Age: 77 |
Since 1999 | 33(7) | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Investment Officer Value Portfolios of GAMCO Investors, Inc. and Chief Investment Officer Value Portfolios of Gabelli Funds, LLC and GAMCO Asset Management Inc.; Director/Trustee or Chief Investment Officer of other registered investment companies within the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex; Chief Executive Officer of GGCP, Inc.; Executive Chairman of Associated Capital Group, Inc. | Director of Morgan Group Holdings, Inc. (holding company); Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of LICT Corp. (multimedia and communication services company); Director of CIBL, Inc. (broadcasting and wireless communications); Director of ICTC Group Inc. (communications) (2013-2018) | ||||
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES(5): |
||||||||
Anthony J. Colavita(6) Trustee Age: 84 |
Since 1999 | 20 |
President of the law firm of Anthony J. Colavita P.C. |
| ||||
Vincent D. Enright Trustee Age: 76 |
Since 1999 | 17 | Former Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of KeySpan Corp. (public utility) (1994-1998) | Director of Echo Therapeutics, Inc. (therapeutics and diagnostics) (2008-2014); Director of The LGL Group, Inc. (diversified manufacturing) (2011-2014) | ||||
Mary E. Hauck Trustee Age: 77 |
Since 2000 | 10 | Retired Senior Manager of the Gabelli-OConnor Fixed Income Mutual Funds Management Company | | ||||
Kuni Nakamura Trustee Age: 51 |
Since 2009 | 33 | President of Advanced Polymer, Inc. (chemical manufacturing company); President of KEN Enterprises, Inc. (real estate); Trustee on Long Island University Board of Trustees | | ||||
Werner J. Roeder Trustee Age: 79 |
Since 1999 | 21 | Retired physician; Former Vice President of Medical Affairs (Medical Director) of New York Presbyterian/Lawrence Hospital (1999-2014) | |
15
Name, Position(s), Address(1) and Age |
Term of Office and
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
||||
OFFICERS: |
||||||
Bruce N. Alpert President Age: 68 |
Since 2003 | Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Gabelli Funds, LLC since 1988; Officer of registered investment companies within the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex; Senior Vice President of GAMCO Investors, Inc. since 2008; Chief Executive Officer of G.distributors, LLC since January 2020 | ||||
John C. Ball Treasurer Age: 44 |
Since 2017 | Treasurer of registered investment companies within the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex since 2017; Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of AMG Funds, 2014-2017 | ||||
Andrea R. Mango Secretary Age: 48 |
Since 2013 | Vice President of GAMCO Investors, Inc. since 2016; Counsel of Gabelli Funds, LLC since 2013; Secretary of registered investment companies within the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex since 2013; Vice President of closed-end funds within the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex since 2014 | ||||
Richard J. Walz Chief Compliance Officer Age: 61 |
Since 2013 | Chief Compliance Officer of registered investment companies within the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex since 2013 |
(1) |
Address: One Corporate Center, Rye, NY 10580-1422. |
(2) |
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting, or (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board or shareholders, in accordance with the Funds By-Laws and Agreement and Declaration of Trust. For officers, includes time served in prior officer positions with the Fund. Each officer will hold office for an indefinite term or until the date he or she resigns or retires or until his or her successor is elected and qualified. |
(3) |
The Fund Complex or the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex includes all the U.S. registered investment companies that are considered part of the same fund complex as the Fund because they have common or affiliated investment advisers. |
(4) |
Interested person of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Mr. Gabelli is considered to be an interested person of the Fund because of his affiliation with the Adviser. |
(5) |
Trustees who are not considered to be interested persons of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, are considered to be Independent Trustees. |
(6) |
Mr. Colavitas son, Anthony S. Colavita, serves as a director of other funds in the Gabelli/GAMCO Fund Complex. |
(7) |
As of December 31, 2019, there are a total of 48 registered investment companies in the Fund Complex. Of the 48 registered investment companies, Mr. Gabelli serves as a director or trustee for 33 funds, sole portfolio manager of 8 funds, and part of the portfolio management team of 14 funds. |
The Board believes that each Trustees experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of other Trustees lead to the conclusion that each Trustee should serve in such capacity. Among the attributes or skills common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically and to evaluate, question, and discuss information provided to them; to interact effectively with the other Trustees, the Adviser, the sub-administrator, other service providers, counsel, and the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective and independent business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. Each Trustees ability to perform his or her duties effectively has been attained in large part through the Trustees business, consulting, or public service positions, and through experience from service as a member of the Board and one or more of the other funds in the Fund Complex, public companies, non-profit entities, or other organizations as set forth above and below. Each Trustees ability to perform his or her duties effectively also has been enhanced by education, professional training, and other experience.
Interested Trustee:
Mario J. Gabelli, CFA. Mr. Gabelli is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Fund. Mr. Gabelli is Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Investment Officer Value Portfolios of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (GBL), a New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)-listed asset manager and financial services company. He is the Chief Investment Officer of Value Portfolios of Gabelli Funds, LLC and GAMCO Asset Management Inc., each of which are asset management subsidiaries of GBL. In addition, Mr. Gabelli is Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer, a director and the controlling shareholder of GGCP, Inc. (GGCP), a private company that holds a majority interest in GBL, and the Chairman of MJG Associates, Inc., which acts as an investment manager of various investment funds and other accounts. He is Executive Chairman of Associated Capital Group, Inc., a public company that provides alternative management and institutional research services, and is a majority-owned subsidiary of GGCP. Mr. Gabelli serves as Overseer of the Columbia University Graduate School of Business and as a trustee of Boston College and Roger Williams University. He serves as a director of the Winston Churchill Foundation, The E.L. Wiegand Foundation, The American-Italian Cancer Foundation, and The Foundation for Italian Art and Culture. He is Chairman of the Gabelli Foundation, Inc., a Nevada private charitable trust. Mr. Gabelli serves as Co-President of Field Point Park Association, Inc. Mr. Gabelli received his Bachelors degree from Fordham University, M.B.A. from Columbia Business School, and honorary Doctorates from Fordham University and Roger Williams University.
Independent Trustees:
Anthony J. Colavita, Esq. Mr. Colavita is a practicing attorney with over fifty-five years of experience. He is Chairman of the Funds Nominating Committee and a member of the Funds Audit and ad hoc Proxy Voting Committees. Mr. Colavita serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. He served as a Commissioner of the New York State Thruway Authority and as a Commissioner of the New York State Bridge Authority, where his duties included reviewing financial documents of these agencies. He served for eleven years as the elected Supervisor of the Town of Eastchester, New York, responsible for ten annual municipal budgets. Mr. Colavita
16
also served as Special Counsel to the New York State Assembly for five years and as a Senior Attorney with the New York State Insurance Department. He is the former Chairman of the New York State Republican Party, the Westchester County Republican Party, and the Eastchester Republican Town Committee. Mr. Colavita received his Bachelor of Arts from Fairfield University and Juris Doctor from Fordham University School of Law.
Vincent D. Enright. Mr. Enright is the Lead Independent Trustee of the Fund, Chairman of the Funds Audit and ad hoc Proxy Voting Committees, and a member of both multi-fund ad hoc Compensation Committees. He has been designated as the Funds Audit Committee Financial Expert. He serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. Mr. Enright was a senior executive and Chief Financial Officer of KeySpan Corp., an energy public utility, for four years. Mr. Enright is a former director of a therapeutic and diagnostic company and served as Chairman of its compensation committee and as a member of its audit committee. He is a former director of a pharmaceutical company and a diversified manufacturing company. Mr. Enright received his Bachelors degree from Fordham University and completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard University.
Mary E. Hauck. Ms. Hauck was a Senior Manager of the Gabelli-OConnor Fixed Income Mutual Funds Management Company. She serves on the boards of other funds in the Fund Complex. Ms. Hauck was formerly the Performing Arts Coordinator for The Sun Valley Center for the Arts in Sun Valley, Idaho; President of the Treasurers Fund for Gabelli-OConnor Fixed Income Asset Management, Co.; Senior Vice President and Portfolio Manager of The Dreyfus Corp.; Senior Consultant for The Assembly Committee on Revenue and Taxation in the California Legislature; Investment Consultant for Scudder, Stevens and Clark; Investment Manager for Standard & Poors Counseling Corp.; Portfolio Analyst for Dodge & Cox; and Portfolio Assistant for Wells Fargo Bank. Ms. Hauck has been affiliated with the Bedford Central School District as a Board Member; Hickory Hill Figure Skating Club as a Board Member, Secretary, and President; the Skating Club of New York as a Board Member and President; and the Carl Schurz Park Association. Ms. Hauck received her Bachelors degree in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley.
Kuni Nakamura. Mr. Nakamura is the president of Advanced Polymer, Inc., a chemical manufacturing company, and president of KEN Enterprises, Inc., a real estate company. He is a member of the Funds Nominating Committee. Mr. Nakamura serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. He was previously a board member of The LGL Group, Inc., a diversified manufacturing company. He serves on the Board of Trustees of Long Island University in Brookville, NY. He is involved in various capacities with The University of Pennsylvania and The Guiding Eyes for the Blind. Mr. Nakamura is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School with a Bachelors degree in Economics and Multinational Management.
Werner J. Roeder, M.D. Dr. Roeder is a retired physician with over forty-five years of experience and former Vice President of Medical Affairs (Medical Director) of New York Presbyterian/Lawrence Hospital in Bronxville, New York. As Vice President of Medical Affairs at New York Presbyterian/Lawrence Hospital, he was actively involved in personnel and financial matters concerning the hospitals $140 million budget. He is a member of the Funds Audit and ad hoc Proxy Voting Committees, and a member of both multi-fund ad hoc Compensation Committees. Dr. Roeder serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. Dr. Roeder is board certified as a surgeon by The American Board of Surgery and previously served in a consulting capacity to Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield. He obtained his Doctorate in Medicine from New York Medical College.
Trustees Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for general oversight of the Fund rests with the Board. The Board has appointed Mr. Enright as the Lead Independent Trustee. The Lead Independent Trustee presides over executive sessions of the Trustees and also serves between meetings of the Board as a liaison with service providers, officers, counsel, and other Trustees on a wide variety of matters including scheduling agenda items for Board meetings. Designation as such does not impose on the Lead Independent Trustee any obligations or standards greater than or different from other Trustees. The Board has established a Nominating Committee and an Audit Committee to assist the Board in the oversight of the management and affairs of the Fund. The Board also has an ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee. Each of the Nominating, Audit, and ad hoc Proxy Voting Committees is entirely comprised of Independent Trustees. From time to time, the Board establishes additional committees or informal working groups to deal with specific matters or assigns one of its members to work with trustees or directors of other funds in the Fund Complex on special committees or working groups that deal with complex- wide matters, such as the multi-fund ad hoc Compensation Committee relating to compensation of the Chief Compliance Officer for all the funds in the Fund Complex. (The Fund Complex also has a separate multi-fund Compensation Committee relating to the compensation of certain officers of the closed-end funds in the Fund Complex, and some of the Funds Trustees may from time to time also serve on this separate committee.)
All of the Funds Trustees, other than Mr. Mario J. Gabelli, are Independent Trustees and the Board believes they are able to provide effective oversight of the Funds service providers. In addition to providing feedback and direction during Board meetings, the Trustees meet regularly in executive session and chair all committees of the Board.
The Funds operations entail a variety of risks including investment, administration, valuation, and a range of compliance matters. Although the Adviser, the sub-administrator, and the officers of the Fund are responsible for managing these risks on a day to day basis within the framework of their established risk management functions, the Board also addresses risk management of the Fund through its meetings and those of the committees and working groups. In particular, as part of its general oversight, the Board reviews with the Adviser at Board meetings the levels and types of risks being undertaken by the Fund, and the Audit Committee discusses the Funds risk management and controls with the independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Fund. The Board reviews valuation policies and procedures and the valuations of specific illiquid securities. The Board also receives periodic reports from the Funds Chief Compliance Officer regarding compliance matters relating to the Fund and its major service providers, including results of the implementation and testing of the Funds and such providers compliance programs. The Boards oversight function is facilitated by management reporting processes that are designed to provide information to the Board about the identification, assessment, and management of critical risks and the controls and policies and procedures used to mitigate those risks. The Board reviews its role in supervising the Funds risk management from time to time and may make changes in its discretion at any time.
17
The Board has determined that its leadership structure is appropriate for the Fund because it enables the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, allocates responsibility among committees in a manner that fosters effective oversight, and allows the Board to devote appropriate resources to specific issues in a flexible manner as they arise. The Board periodically reviews its leadership structure as well as its overall structure, composition, and functioning and may make changes in its discretion at any time.
Standing Board Committees
The Board has established two standing committees in connection with its governance of the Fund, the Audit and Nominating Committees, and has also established an ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee. The Fund does not have a standing Compensation Committee (although some of the individuals who are Trustees of the Fund participate in multi-fund ad hoc Compensation Committees described above).
The Funds Audit Committee consists of three members: Messrs. Enright (Chairman) and Colavita, and Dr. Roeder, who are Independent Trustees of the Fund. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to a Charter that was most recently reviewed and approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund on February 11, 2020. As set forth in the Charter, the function of the Audit Committee is oversight; it is managements responsibility to maintain appropriate systems for accounting and internal control and it is the independent registered public accountants responsibility to plan and carry out a proper audit. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for reviewing and evaluating issues related to the accounting and financial reporting policies and practices of the Fund, its internal controls, and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers, overseeing the quality and objectivity of the Funds financial statements and the audit thereof and to act as a liaison between the Board and the Funds independent registered public accounting firm. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Audit Committee met twice.
The Funds Nominating Committee consists of two members: Mr. Colavita (Chairman) and Mr. Nakamura, who are Independent Trustees of the Fund. The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting and recommending qualified candidates to the full Board in the event that a position is vacated or created. The Nominating Committee would consider, under procedures adopted by the Board, recommendations by shareholders if a vacancy were to exist. Such recommendations should be forwarded to the Secretary of the Fund. The Nominating Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
The Funds ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee consists of three members: Messrs. Enright (Chairman) and Colavita, and Dr. Roeder, who are Independent Trustees of the Fund. Under certain circumstances and pursuant to specific procedures and guidelines, the ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee will, in place of the Funds Adviser, exercise complete control and discretion over the exercise of all rights to vote or consent with respect to certain securities owned by the Fund and may also determine to exercise complete control and discretion over the disposition of such securities. The ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee meets periodically on an as needed basis to consider such matters and did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares
Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by each Trustee and the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in the Fund Complex beneficially owned by each Trustee as of December 31, 2019.
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range
of Equity Securities Held in the Fund* |
Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities Held in Fund Complex* |
||||||
INTERESTED TRUSTEE: |
||||||||
Mario J. Gabelli |
E | E | ||||||
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES: |
||||||||
Anthony J. Colavita |
D | E | ||||||
Vincent D. Enright |
C | E | ||||||
Mary E. Hauck |
C | E | ||||||
Kuni Nakamura |
D | E | ||||||
Werner J. Roeder |
C | E |
* |
Key to Dollar Ranges Information as of December 31, 2019 |
A. |
None |
B. |
$1 - $10,000 |
C. |
$10,001 - $50,000 |
D. |
$50,001 - $100,000 |
E. |
Over $100,000 |
18
Set forth in the table below is the amount of interests beneficially owned, as of December 31, 2019, by certain Independent Trustees or their immediate family members, as applicable, in a holding that may be deemed to be controlled by Mario J. Gabelli and/or affiliates and in that event would be deemed to be under common control with the Funds Adviser.
Name of Independent Trustee |
Name of Owner and
Relationships to Trustee |
Company | Title of Class |
Value of
Interests |
Percent of
Class |
|||||||
Anthony J. Colavita | Same | The LGL Group, Inc. | Common Stock | $ | 35,010 | * | ||||||
Anthony J. Colavita | Family | Gabelli Associates Fund | Membership Interests | $ | 1,064,967 | * | ||||||
Kuni Nakamura | Same | The LGL Group, Inc. | Common Stock | $ | 26,040 | * | ||||||
Werner J. Roeder | Same | Gabelli Associates Fund II | Membership Interests | $ | 642,266 | * |
* |
An asterisk indicates that the ownership amount constitutes less than 1% of the total interests outstanding. |
Trustee and Officer Compensation
No officer, director or employee of G.distributors, LLC (G.distributors or the Distributor), the Adviser, or an affiliated company receives any compensation from the Fund for serving as an Officer or Trustee of the Fund. The Fund pays each Trustee who is not considered an interested person an annual retainer of $18,000 plus $2,000 for each Board meeting attended and reimburses these Trustees for any out of pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings. (All Board committee members receive $500 per meeting attended and the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the Lead Independent Trustee each receives an annual fee of $2,000). A Trustee may receive a single meeting fee, allocated among the participating funds in the Fund Complex, for participation in certain meetings held on behalf of multiple funds. Trustees who are directors or employees of the Adviser or an affiliated company receive no compensation or expense reimbursement from the Fund.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the compensation of the Funds Trustees. Although Officers, including the chief compliance officer, may be compensated by the Fund, no Officer or person affiliated with the Fund received compensation in excess of $60,000 from the Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
COMPENSATION TABLE
Aggregate Compensation from Fund (fiscal year)
Name of Person and Position |
Aggregate
Compensation from the Fund* |
Total Compensation
from the Fund and Fund Complex** |
||||||
INTERESTED TRUSTEES: |
||||||||
Mario J. Gabelli Chairman of the Board |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | (0) | |||
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES: |
||||||||
Anthony J. Colavita Trustee |
$ | 27,000 | $ | 219,000 | (21) | |||
Vincent D. Enright Trustee |
$ | 31,000 | $ | 215,000 | (17) | |||
Mary E. Hauck Trustee |
$ | 26,000 | $ | 72,000 | (10) | |||
Kuni Nakamura Trustee |
$ | 26,000 | $ | 356,000 | (33) | |||
Werner J. Roeder Trustee |
$ | 27,000 | $ | 171,024 | (23) |
* |
Represents the total compensation paid to such persons for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. |
** |
Represents the total compensation paid to such persons for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, by investment companies (including the Fund) or portfolios that are considered part of the same Fund Complex as the Fund because they have common or affiliated investment advisers. The parenthetical number represents the number of such investment companies and portfolios. |
Code of Ethics
The Fund, its Adviser, and the Distributor have adopted a code of ethics (the Code of Ethics) under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The Code of Ethics permits personnel, subject to the Code of Ethics and its restrictive provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Fund has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Adviser. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (the Proxy Voting Policy) for the voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts for which the Adviser has voting discretion, including the Fund. Under the Proxy Voting Policy, portfolio securities held by the Fund are to be voted in the best interests of the Fund.
19
Normally, the Adviser exercises proxy voting discretion on particular types of proposals in accordance with guidelines (the Proxy Voting Guidelines) set forth in the Proxy Voting Policy. The Proxy Voting Guidelines address, for example, proposals to elect the board of directors, to classify the board of directors, to select the independent registered public accounting firm, to issue blank check preferred stock, to use confidential ballots, to eliminate cumulative voting, to require shareholder ratification of poison pills, to support fair price provisions, to require a supermajority shareholder vote for charter or bylaw amendments, to provide for director and officer indemnification and liability protection, to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, to allow greenmail, to limit shareholders rights to call special meetings, to consider the non-financial effects of a merger, to limit shareholders rights to act by written consent, to approve executive and director compensation plans (including golden parachutes), to limit executive and director pay, to approve stock option plans, to opt in or out of state takeover statutes, and to approve mergers, acquisitions, corporate restructuring, spin-offs, buyouts, asset sales, or liquidations.
A Proxy Voting Committee (Committee) comprised of senior representatives of the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers has the responsibility for the content, interpretation, and application of the Proxy Voting Guidelines. In general, the Director of Proxy Voting Services, using the Proxy Guidelines, and the analysts of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (GBL), will determine how to vote on each issue. For non-controversial matters, the Director of Proxy Voting Services may vote the proxy if the vote is: (1) consistent with the recommendations of the issuers Board of Directors and not contrary to the Proxy Guidelines; (2) consistent with the recommendations of the issuers Board of Directors and is a non-controversial issue not covered by the Proxy Guidelines; or (3) the vote is contrary to the recommendations of the Board of Directors but is consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. In those instances, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Chairman of the Committee may sign and date the proxy statement indicating how each issue will be voted. The Advisers subscribe to Institutional Shareholders Services (ISS) and Glass Lewis & Co. LLC (Glass Lewis), which supplies current information on companies, matters being voted on, regulations, trends in proxy voting and information on corporate governance issues. The information provided by ISS and Glass Lewis is for informational purposes only.
All matters identified by the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department as controversial, taking into account the recommendations of the analysts of GBL, will be presented to the Proxy Voting Committee. If the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department has identified the matter as one that (1) is controversial; (2) would benefit from deliberation by the Proxy Voting Committee; or (3) may give rise to a conflict of interest between the Advisers and their clients, the Chairman of the Committee will initially determine what vote to recommend that the Advisers should cast and the matter will go before the Committee.
For matters submitted to the Committee, each member of the Committee will receive, prior to the meeting, a copy of the proxy statement, a summary of any views provided by the Chief Investment Officer and any recommendations by GBL analysts. The Chief Investment Officer or the GBL analyst may be invited to present their viewpoints. If the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department believe that the matter before the Committee is one with respect to which a conflict of interest may exist between the Adviser and their clients, counsel may provide an opinion to the Committee concerning the conflict. If the matter is one in which the interests of the clients of one or more Advisers may diverge, counsel may so advise and the Committee may make different recommendations as to different clients. For any matters where the recommendation may trigger appraisal rights, counsel may provide an opinion concerning the likely risks and merits of such an appraisal action.
Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the interests of the Funds shareholders on the one hand, and those of the Funds Adviser and/or the principal underwriters, on the other hand, the conflict will be brought to the ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee of the Fund to determine a resolution.
Each matter submitted to the Committee will be determined by the vote of a majority of the members present at the meeting. Should the vote concerning one or more recommendations be tied in a vote of the Committee, the Chairman of the Committee will cast the deciding vote. The Committee will notify the proxy department of its decisions and the proxies will be voted accordingly.
The Fund files Form N-PX with its complete proxy voting record for the twelve months ended June 30 no later than August 31 of each year. This filing is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free (800) 422-3554 and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
20
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of March 31, 2020, the following persons were known to own of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of any class of the Fund:
NAME AND ADDRESS |
% OF CLASS |
NATURE OF
OWNERSHIP |
||||||
CLASS AAA |
||||||||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit Of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
28.09 | % | Record | * | ||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc Special Custody Account FBO Exclusive Benefit of Customers ATTN Mutual Funds San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
17.31 | % | Record | * | ||||
TD Ameritrade Inc For the Exclusive Benefit Of Our Customers Omaha, NE 68103-2226 |
13.38 | % | Record | * | ||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc Special Custody Account FBO Exclusive Benefit of Customers ATTN Mutual Funds San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
5.77 | % | Record | * | ||||
Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 |
5.55 | % | Record | * | ||||
CLASS A |
||||||||
RBC Capital Markets LLC Mutual Fund Omnibus Processing ATTN: Mutual Fund Ops Manager Minneapolis, MN 55402-4413 |
24.05 | % | Record | * | ||||
Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 |
19.31 | % | Record | * | ||||
Wells Fargo Clearing Services LLC Special Custody Account FBO Exclusive Benefit of Customer St. Louis, MO 63103-2523 |
11.75 | % | Record | * | ||||
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney For the Exclusive Benefit Of Its Customers New York, NY 10004-1965 |
11.74 | % | Record | * | ||||
National Financial Services LLC For Exclusive Benefit Of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
7.63 | % | Record | * | ||||
CLASS C |
||||||||
Wells Fargo Clearing Services LLC Special Custody Account FBO Exclusive Benefit of Customer St. Louis, MO 63103-2523 |
16.98 | % | Record | * | ||||
Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 |
16.39 | % | Record | * |
21
NAME AND ADDRESS |
% OF CLASS |
NATURE OF
OWNERSHIP |
||||||
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of its Customers New York, NY 10004-1965 |
9.35 | % | Record | * | ||||
Raymond James Omnibus for Mutual Funds Attn: Courtney Waller St Petersburg, FL 33716-1100 |
7.04 | % | Record | * | ||||
Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Inc. For the Sole Benefit of Its Customers Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484 |
6.51 | % | Record | * | ||||
National Financial Services LLC For Exclusive Benefit Of Our Customers Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
6.38 | % | Record | * | ||||
RBC Capital Markets LLC Mutual Fund Omnibus Processing ATTN: Mutual Fund Ops Manager Minneapolis, MN 55402-4413 |
5.54 | % | Record | * | ||||
CLASS I |
||||||||
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney For the Exclusive Benefit of its Customers New York, NY 10004-1965 |
16.06 | % | Record | * | ||||
Wells Fargo Clearing Services LLC Special Custody Account FBO Exclusive Benefit of Customer St. Louis, MO 63103-2523 |
12.21 | % | Record | * | ||||
Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Inc For the Sole Benefit of Its Customers Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484 |
10.66 | % | Record | * | ||||
Raymond James Omnibus for Mutual Funds Attn: Courtney Waller St Petersburg, FL 33716-1100 |
10.64 | % | Record | * | ||||
RBC Capital Markets LLC Mutual Fund Omnibus Processing ATTN: Mutual Fund Ops Manager Minneapolis, MN 55402-4413 |
8.59 | % | Record | * | ||||
National Financial Services LLC For Exclusive Benefit Of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Fl Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
8.21 | % | Record | * | ||||
UBS WM USA Special Custody A/C EBOC UBSFSI ATTN: Department Manager Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761 |
7.70 | % | Record | * | ||||
Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 |
7.65 | % | Record | * | ||||
LPL Financial San Diego, CA 92121-3091 |
6.34 | % | Record | * |
* |
Beneficial ownership is disclaimed. |
|
Beneficial ownership of shares representing 25% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund may be deemed to represent control, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. |
22
As of March 31, 2020, as a group, the Trustees and Officers of the Fund owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares (aggregating all classes) of the Fund.
Investment Adviser
The Adviser is a New York limited liability company which serves as an investment adviser to registered investment companies with combined aggregate net assets of approximately $21.9 billion as of December 31, 2019. The Adviser is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of GBL. Mr. Gabelli owns a majority of the stock of GGCP, which holds a majority of the capital stock and voting power of GBL. The Adviser has several affiliates that provide investment advisory services: GAMCO Asset Management Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of GBL, acts as investment adviser for individuals, pension trusts, profit sharing trusts, and endowments, and as a sub-adviser to certain third party investment funds, which include registered investment companies, having assets under management of approximately of $14.6 billion as of December 31, 2019; Teton Advisors, Inc., and its wholly owned investment adviser, Keeley Teton Advisers, LLC, with assets under management of approximately $2.3 billion as of December 31, 2019, acts as investment adviser to The TETON Westwood Funds, the KEELEY Funds, and separately managed accounts; and Gabelli & Company Investment Advisers, Inc. (formerly, Gabelli Securities, Inc.), a wholly owned subsidiary of Associated Capital, acts as investment adviser for certain alternative investment products, consisting primarily of risk arbitrage and merchant banking limited partnerships and offshore companies, with assets under management of approximately $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2019. Teton Advisors, Inc., was spun off by GBL in March 2009 and is an affiliate of GBL by virtue of Mr. Gabellis ownership of GGCP, the principal shareholder of Teton Advisors, Inc., as of December 31, 2019. Associated Capital Group was spun off from GBL on November 30, 2015, and is an affiliate of GBL by virtue of Mr. Gabellis ownership of GGCP, the principal shareholder of Associated Capital.
Affiliates of the Adviser may, in the ordinary course of their business, acquire for their own account or for the accounts of their advisory clients, significant (and possibly controlling) positions in the securities of companies that may also be suitable for investment by the Fund. The securities in which the Fund might invest may thereby be limited to some extent. For instance, many companies in the past several years have adopted so-called poison pill or other defensive measures designed to discourage or prevent the completion of non-negotiated offers for control of the company. Such defensive measures may have the effect of limiting the shares of the company that might otherwise be acquired by the Fund if the affiliates of the Adviser or their advisory accounts have or acquire a significant position in the same securities. However, the Adviser does not believe that the investment activities of its affiliates will have a material adverse effect upon the Fund in seeking to achieve its investment objective. Securities purchased or sold pursuant to contemporaneous orders entered on behalf of the investment company accounts of the Adviser or the advisory accounts managed by its affiliates for their unaffiliated clients are allocated pursuant to principles believed to be fair and not disadvantageous to any such accounts. In addition, all such orders are accorded priority of execution over orders entered on behalf of accounts in which the Adviser or its affiliates have a substantial pecuniary interest. The Adviser may on occasion give advice or take action with respect to other clients that differs from the actions taken with respect to the Fund. The Fund may invest in the securities of companies which are investment management clients of GAMCO Asset Management Inc. In addition, portfolio companies or their officers or directors may be minority shareholders of the Adviser or its affiliates.
The Adviser currently serves as an investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an Investment Advisory Contract (the Contract), which was initially approved by the Funds sole shareholder on May 19, 1999. Pursuant to the Contract, the Adviser furnishes a continuous investment program for the Funds portfolio, makes the day to day investment decisions for the Fund, arranges the portfolio transactions of the Fund, and generally manages the Funds investments in accordance with the stated policies of the Fund, subject to the general supervision of the Board of the Fund.
Under the Agreement, the Adviser also (i) provides the Fund with the services of persons competent to perform such supervisory, administrative, and clerical functions as are necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund, including maintaining certain books and records and overseeing the activities of the Funds Custodian and Transfer Agent (as defined below); (ii) oversees the performance of administrative and professional services to the Fund by others, including the Funds Sub-Administrator (as defined below), State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street), the Funds Custodian, DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. (DST or the Transfer Agent) the Funds Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent, as well as accounting, auditing, and other services performed for the Fund; (iii) provides the Fund with adequate office space and facilities; (iv) supervises the preparation of, but does not pay for, the periodic updating of the Funds registration statement, prospectus and SAI, including the printing of such documents for the purpose of filings with the SEC and state securities administrators, the Funds tax returns, and reports to the Funds shareholders and the SEC; (v) supervises, but does not pay for, the calculation of the NAV per share of each class of shares in the Fund; (vi) supervises the preparation of, but does not pay for, all filings under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such states or countries as are designated by the Distributor, which may be required to register or qualify, or continue the registration or qualification, of the Fund and/or its shares under such laws; and (vii) prepares notices and agendas for meetings of the Funds Board and minutes of such meetings in all matters required by applicable law to be acted upon by the Board.
The cost of calculating the Funds NAV is an expense payable by the Fund pursuant to the Contract. To the extent that a portion of the sub-administration fee is used to pay for its personnel and equipment related to calculating the NAV, the Fund will reimburse the Adviser for such expense up to $45,000. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Fund reimbursed the Adviser $45,000 in connection with the cost of computing the Funds NAV.
The Contract provides that absent willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its duty, the Adviser and its employees, officers, trustees, and controlling persons are not liable to the Fund or any of its investors for any act or omission by the Adviser or for any error of judgment or for losses sustained by the Fund. However, the Contract provides that the Fund is not waiving any rights it may have with respect to any violation of law which cannot be waived. The Contract also provides indemnification for the Adviser and each of these persons for any conduct for which they are not liable to the Fund. The Contract in no way restricts the Adviser from acting as adviser to others. The Fund has agreed by the terms
23
of the Contract that the word Gabelli in its name is derived from the name of the Adviser which in turn is derived from the name of Mario J. Gabelli; that such name is the property of the Adviser for copyright and/or other purposes; and that, therefore, such name may freely be used by the Adviser for other investment companies, entities, or products. The Fund has further agreed that in the event that for any reason, the Adviser ceases to be its investment adviser, the Fund will, unless the Adviser otherwise consents in writing, promptly take all steps necessary to change its name to one which does not include Gabelli.
By its terms, the Contract will remain in effect from year to year, provided each such annual continuance is specifically approved by the Funds Board or by a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) vote of its shareholders and, in either case, by a majority vote of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called specifically for the purpose of voting on the continuance of the Contract. The Contract is terminable without penalty by the Fund on sixty days written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of its outstanding voting shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board, or by the Adviser on sixty days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment as defined by the 1940 Act.
As compensation for its services and the related expenses borne by the Adviser, the Fund pays the Adviser a fee, computed daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of 1.00% of the Funds average daily net assets, payable out of the Funds net assets and allocable to each class on the basis of the assets attributable to such class.
Advisory Fees Paid to the Adviser by the Fund (Fiscal Years ended December 31)
2019 |
$ | 21,615,624 | ||
2018 |
$ | 20,717,054 | ||
2017 |
$ | 21,195,032 |
Portfolio Manager Information
Other Accounts Managed
The information below provides summary information regarding other accounts for which each of the portfolio managers was primarily responsible for the day to day management during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Name of Portfolio Manager |
Type of Accounts |
Total
Number of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets |
Number of
Accounts Managed with Advisory Fee Based on Performance |
Total Assets
with Advisory Fee Based on Performance |
|||||||||||||
Mario J. Gabelli |
Registered Investment Companies*: | 24 | $ | 17.5 billion | 5 | $ | 5.6 billion | |||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles: |
11 | $ | 1.1 billion | 8 | $ | 904.3 million | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts: | 985 | $ | 8.1 billion | 1 | $ | 238.5 million | ||||||||||||
Timothy M. Winter |
Registered Investment Companies: | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts: | 12 | $ | 0.9 million | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Jose Garza |
Registered Investment Companies: | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Other Accounts: | 5 | $ | 0.2 million | 0 | $ | 0 |
* |
As of December 31, 2019, there are a total of 48 registered investment companies in the Fund Complex. Of the 48 registered investment companies, Mr. Gabelli serves as sole portfolio manager of 8 and part of the portfolio management team of 14. |
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager also has day to day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other accounts. These potential conflicts include:
Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. Because a portfolio manager manages more than one account, he may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as if he were to devote substantially more attention to the management of only one fund.
Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies an investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple accounts, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity because the opportunity may need to be allocated among these accounts or other accounts managed primarily by the other portfolio managers of the Adviser and its affiliates.
Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the accounts for which the manager exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of these accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may execute differing or opposite transactions for one or more accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transactions, or both, to the detriment of one or more other accounts.
24
Selection of Broker-Dealers. A portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds or accounts that he supervises. In addition to providing execution of trades, some brokers and dealers provide the Adviser with brokerage and research services which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might otherwise be available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts of the Adviser and its affiliates than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the Adviser determines in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the Fund, the portfolio managers decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds or other accounts that the Adviser and its affiliates manage. In addition, with respect to certain types of accounts (such as pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals) the Adviser may be limited by the client concerning the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades to particular brokers. In these cases, the Adviser or its affiliates may place separate, non-simultaneous transactions in the same security for the Fund and another account that may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the Fund or the other accounts. Because of Mr. Gabellis position with the Distributor, and his indirect ownership interest in the Distributor, he may have an incentive to use the Distributor to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund.
Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to a portfolio manager differ among the accounts that he/she manages. If the structure of the Advisers management fee or the portfolio managers compensation differs among accounts (such as where certain accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), a portfolio manager may be motivated to favor certain accounts over others. A portfolio manager also may be motivated to favor accounts in which they have an investment interest or in which the Adviser or its affiliates have investment interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance a portfolio managers performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence a portfolio manager in affording preferential treatment to those accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.
The Adviser and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to address the various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Adviser and its staff members. However, there is no guarantee that such policies and procedures will be able to detect and address every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may arise.
Compensation Structure for Mario J. Gabelli
Mr. Gabelli receives incentive-based variable compensation based on a percentage of net revenues received by the Adviser for managing the Fund. Net revenues are determined by deducting from gross investment management fees the Firms expenses (other than Mr. Gabellis compensation) allocable to the Fund. Additionally, he receives similar incentive-based variable compensation for managing other accounts within GBL and its affiliates. This method of compensation is based on the premise that superior long term performance in managing a portfolio should be rewarded with higher compensation as a result of growth of assets through appreciation and net investment activity. The level of compensation is not determined with specific reference to the performance of any account against any specific benchmark. One of the other registered investment companies managed by Mr. Gabelli has a performance (fulcrum) fee arrangement for which his compensation is adjusted up or down based on the performance of the investment company relative to an index. Four closed-end registered investment companies managed by Mr. Gabelli have arrangements whereby the Adviser will only receive its investment advisory fee attributable to the liquidation value of outstanding preferred stock (and Mr. Gabelli would only receive his percentage of such advisory fee) if certain performance levels are met. Mr. Gabelli manages other accounts with performance fees. Compensation for managing these accounts has two components. One component of his compensation is based on a percentage of net revenues received by the Adviser for managing the account. The second component is based on absolute performance of the account, with respect to which a percentage of such performance fee is paid to Mr. Gabelli. As an executive officer of the Advisers parent company, GBL, Mr. Gabelli also receives ten percent of the net operating profits of the parent company. Additionally, Mr. Gabelli receives a percentage of net management fees as a relationship manager of accounts managed by affiliates. Mr. Gabelli receives no base salary, no annual bonus, and no stock options. Mr. Gabelli may enter into and has arrangements to defer or waive his compensation.
Compensation Structure for Timothy M. Winter
The compensation of Mr. Winter is structured to enable the Adviser to attract and retain highly qualified professionals in a competitive environment. Mr. Winter receives a compensation package that includes a minimum draw or base salary, equity based incentive compensation via awards of stock options and restricted stock, and incentive-based variable compensation based on a percentage of net revenue received by the Adviser for managing the Fund to the extent that the amount exceeds a minimum level of compensation. Net revenues are determined by deducting from gross investment management fees certain of the Firms expenses (other than the respective Portfolio Managers compensation) allocable to the Fund (the incentive based variable compensation for managing other accounts is also based on a percentage of net revenues to the investment adviser for managing the account). These methods of compensation are based on the premise that superior long term performance in managing a portfolio should be rewarded with higher compensation as a result of growth of assets through appreciation and net investment activity. The level of equity based incentive and incentive based variable compensation is based on an evaluation by the Advisers parent, GBL, of quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation criteria. This evaluation takes into account, in a broad sense, the performance of the accounts managed by the portfolio manager, but the level of compensation is not determined with specific reference to the performance of any account against any specific benchmark. Generally, greater consideration is given to the performance of larger accounts and to longer term performance over smaller accounts and short term performance.
25
Ownership of Shares in the Fund
Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by each of the portfolio managers:
Name |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities Held in the Fund* |
|
Mario J. Gabelli |
E | |
Timothy M. Winter |
A | |
Jose Garza |
A |
* |
Key to Dollar Ranges - Information as of December 31, 2019 |
A. |
None |
B. |
$1 $10,000 |
C. |
$10,001 $50,000 |
D. |
$50,001 $100,000 |
E. |
$100,001 $500,000 |
F. |
$500,001 $1,000,000 |
G. |
Over $1,000,000 |
The Sub-Administrator
The Adviser has entered into an agreement (the Sub-Administration Agreement) with The Bank of New York Mellon (the Sub-Administrator), which is located at 301 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware, 19809. Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, the Sub-Administrator (a) assists in supervising all aspects of the Funds operations except those performed by the Adviser under its advisory agreement with the Fund; (b) supplies the Fund with office facilities (which may be in the Sub-Administrators own offices), statistical and research data, data processing services, clerical, accounting and bookkeeping services, including, but not limited to, the calculation of the NAV of each class of the Fund, internal auditing and regulatory administration services, internal executive and administrative services, and stationery and office supplies; (c) prepares and distributes materials for all of the Fund Board meetings including the mailing of all Board materials and collates the same materials into the Board books and assists in the drafting of minutes of the Board meetings; (d) prepares reports to Fund shareholders, tax returns, and reports to and filings with the SEC and state Blue Sky authorities; (e) provides any equipment or services necessary for the purpose of pricing shares or valuing the Funds investment portfolio; (f) provides compliance testing of all Fund activities against applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and the Funds investment restrictions; (g) furnishes to the Adviser such statistical and other factual information and information regarding economic factors and trends as the Adviser from time to time may require; and (h) generally provides all administrative services that may be required for the ongoing operation of the Fund in a manner consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
For the services it provides, the Adviser pays the Sub-Administrator an annual fee based on the value of the aggregate average daily net assets of all funds under its administration managed by the Adviser as follows: up to $10 billion -.0275%; $10 billion to $15 billion -.0125%; $15 billion to $20 billion - .0100%; and over $20 billion - .008%. The Sub-Administrators fee is paid by the Adviser and will result in no additional expenses to the Fund.
Counsel
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, 500 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, serves as the Funds legal counsel.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP, 2005 Market Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19103, independent registered public accounting firm, has been selected to audit the Funds annual financial statements.
Custodian, Transfer Agent, and Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 is the Custodian (the Custodian) for the Funds cash and securities. DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. (DST or the Transfer Agent), located at 430 W 7th Street STE 219204, Kansas City, Missouri 64105-1407, performs the shareholder services and acts as the Funds transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent. Neither DST nor State Street assists in or is responsible for investment decisions involving assets of the Fund.
Distributor
To implement the Funds Rule 12b-1 Plans, the Fund has entered into a Distribution Agreement with G.distributors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GBL, having its principal offices located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422. The Distributor acts as agent of the Fund for the continuous offering of its shares on a best efforts basis. The Distributor also acts as a distributor for other funds in the Fund Complex.
26
Set forth in the table below are the amounts of sales commissions and underwriting fees on Class A shares and contingent deferred sales charges (CDSC) for Class A, and Class C shares received and retained by G.research and the Distributor.
Sales Commissions for the Years Ended December 31:
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Share Class |
Commissions |
Retained by
Distributor |
Commissions |
Retained by
Distributor |
Commissions |
Retained by
Distributor |
||||||||||||||||||
Class A Sales Commissions |
$ | 7,595,101 | $ | 1,188,852 | $ | 4,200,931 | $ | 661,766 | $ | 7,562,244 | $ | 1,179,351 | ||||||||||||
Class A CDSCs |
Not Applicable | $ | 70,620 | Not Applicable | $ | 35,031 | Not Applicable | $ | 2,061 | |||||||||||||||
Class C CDSCs |
Not Applicable | $ | 77,088 | Not Applicable | $ | 68,385 | Not Applicable | $ | 62,782 |
Set forth in the table below are the amounts of brokerage commissions and other compensation received by the Distributor or an affiliate during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Net Underwriting Discounts and Commissions |
Compensation on
|
Brokerage
|
Other
|
|||
$1,179,351 | $64,843 | $70,517 | $0 |
* |
Amounts of brokerage commissions were received and retained by G.research, an affiliate of the Adviser and Distributor. |
The Fund has adopted separate distribution and service plans (each a Plan and collectively the Plans) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act on behalf of each of the Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares. Payments may be made by the Fund under each Plan for the purpose of financing any activity primarily intended to result in the sales of shares of the class to which such Plan relates as determined by the Board. Such activities typically include advertising, compensation for sales and marketing activities of the Distributor and other banks, broker-dealers, and service providers; shareholder account servicing; production and dissemination of prospectuses and sales and marketing materials; and capital or other expenses of associated equipment, rent, salaries, bonuses, interest, and other overhead. To the extent any activity is one which the Fund may finance without a distribution plan, the Fund may also make payments to finance such activity outside of the Plans and not be subject to its limitations. Payments under the Plans are not dependent on distribution expenses actually incurred by the Distributor. The Plans compensate the Distributor regardless of expense, and accordingly, a portion of the payments by the Fund may be used indirectly to finance distribution activities on behalf of other funds in the Fund Complex and a portion of the payments by such other funds may be used to finance distribution activities on behalf of the Fund. The Plans are intended to benefit the Fund, among other things, by increasing its assets and thereby reducing the Funds expense ratio.
Under its terms, each Plan remains in effect so long as its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by vote of the Funds Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees. No Plan may be amended to materially increase the amount to be spent for services provided by the Distributor thereunder without shareholder approval, and all material amendments of any Plan must also be approved by the Board in the manner described above. Each Plan may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act). Under each Plan, the Distributor will provide the Trustees with periodic reports of amounts expended under such Plan and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.
Pursuant to the Plans, the Fund pays the Distributor 0.25% of its average daily net assets of Class AAA and Class A shares, and 1.00% of its average daily net assets of Class C shares. Due to the possible continuing nature of Rule 12b-1 payments, long term investors may pay more than the economic equivalent of the maximum front-end sales charge permitted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Fund appoints the Distributor as its general distributor and exclusive agent for the sale of the Funds shares. The Fund has agreed to indemnify the Distributor to the extent permitted by applicable law against certain liabilities under federal securities laws. The Distribution Agreement shall remain in effect from year to year provided that continuance of such agreement shall be approved at least annually (a) by the Funds Board, including a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval or (b) by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding securities of the Fund and by a vote of the majority of Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement may be terminated by either party thereto upon sixty days written notice.
Pursuant to each Plan, the Board will review at least quarterly a written report of the distribution expenses incurred on behalf of each class of shares of the Fund by the Distributor. The report includes an itemization of the distribution expenses and the purposes of such expenditures. In addition, as long as the Plans remain in effect, the selection and nomination of Independent Trustees shall be limited to the Independent Trustees.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Fund made payments under the Plans for Class AAA, Class A, and Class C shares of $9,443,303 to the Distributor. The Plans compensate the Distributor regardless of its expense and may contain a profit element.
27
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Distributor identified expenditures for the Fund of approximately $89,600 for advertising and promotion, $16,600 for printing, postage, and stationery, $57,100 for overhead support expenses, $1,238,400 for salaries of personnel of the Distributor, $820,800 for advanced commissions, and $8,235,100 for third party servicing fees.
The amounts included in the previous paragraph as third party servicing fees include amounts paid to the providers of various programs that make shares available to their customers. Subject to approvals by the Board, the Fund also makes payments to the providers of these programs, out of its assets other than Rule 12b-1 payments, in amounts not greater than savings of expenses the Fund would incur in maintaining shareholder accounts for those who invest in the Fund directly rather than through these programs. The Adviser and its affiliates may also pay for all or a portion of these programs charges out of their financial resources other than Rule 12b-1 fees.
Class AAA shares were first offered to the public on August 31, 1999. Class A shares, and Class C shares were first offered to the public on December 31, 2002. Class I shares were first offered to the public on January 11, 2008.
Shares of the Fund may also be purchased through shareholder agents that are not affiliated with the Fund or the Distributor. There is no sales or service charge imposed by the Fund other than as described in the Funds prospectus under the Classes of Shares section, but agents who do not receive distribution payments or sales charges may impose a charge to the investor for their services. Such fees may vary among agents, and such agents may impose higher initial or subsequent investment requirements than those established by the Fund. Services provided by broker-dealers may include allowing the investor to establish a margin account and to borrow on the value of the Funds shares in that account. It is the responsibility of the shareholders agent to establish procedures which would assure that upon receipt of an order to purchase shares of the Fund, the order will be transmitted so that it will be received by the Distributor before the time when the price applicable to the buy order expires.
No Independent Trustee of the Fund had a direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of any Plan or related agreements. Those interested persons who beneficially own stock in affiliates of the Adviser or the Distributor or are employed by one of the Gabelli companies may be deemed to have an indirect financial interest.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Adviser and its affiliates currently serve as investment adviser to a number of investment companies and private account clients and may in the future act as adviser to others. It is the policy of the Adviser and its affiliates to allocate investments suitable and appropriate for each such client in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each client. In making such allocations among the Fund and other client accounts, the main factors considered are the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held and the opinions of the persons responsible for managing the portfolios of the Fund and other client accounts.
Under the Contract, the Adviser is authorized on behalf of the Fund to employ brokers to effect the purchase or sale of portfolio securities with the objective of obtaining prompt, efficient, and reliable execution and clearance of such transactions at the most favorable price obtainable (best execution) at a reasonable expense. The Adviser is permitted to (1) direct Fund portfolio brokerage to G.research, a broker-dealer member of FINRA and an affiliate of the Adviser; and (2) pay commissions to brokers other than G.research which are higher than might be charged by another qualified broker to obtain brokerage and/or research services considered by the Adviser to be useful or desirable for its investment management of the Fund and/or other advisory accounts under the management of the Adviser and any investment adviser affiliated with it. The Adviser does not consider sales of shares of the Fund or other investment funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates by brokers, including G.research, as a factor in its selection of brokers or dealers for the Funds portfolio transactions and has adopted compliance policies and procedures for itself and its affiliates to prevent any such transactions on that basis.
Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions, which may vary among different brokers. Transactions in securities other than those for which a securities exchange is the principal market are generally executed through a principal market maker. However, such transactions may be effected through a brokerage firm and a commission is paid whenever it appears that the broker can obtain a price that is at least as favorable taking into account its commissions. In general, there may be no stated commission on principal transactions in over-the-counter securities, but the prices of such securities usually include undisclosed commissions or markups. Option transactions will usually be effected through a broker and a commission will be charged. The Fund also expects that securities will be purchased at times in underwritten offerings where the price includes a fixed amount of compensation generally referred to as a concession or discount.
The policy of the Fund regarding purchases and sales of securities and options for its portfolio is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient execution of transactions. In seeking to implement the Funds policies, the Adviser effects transactions with those brokers and dealers who the Adviser believes can obtain the most favorable prices and are capable of providing efficient executions. If the Adviser believes such price and execution are obtainable from more than one broker or dealer, it may give consideration to placing portfolio transactions with those brokers or dealers who also furnish research and other services to the Fund or the Adviser of the type described in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In doing so, the Fund may also pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction. Such services may include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the following: (i) information as to the availability of securities for purchase or sale; (ii) statistical or factual information or opinions pertaining to investments; (iii) wire services; and (iv) appraisals or evaluations of potential and existing investments.
Research services furnished by brokers or dealers through which the Fund effects securities transactions are used by the Adviser and its advisory affiliates in carrying out their responsibilities with respect to all of their accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. Such investment information may be useful only to one or more of such other accounts. The purpose of this sharing of research information is to avoid duplicative
28
charges for research provided by brokers and dealers. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser has any agreement or legally binding understanding with any broker or dealer regarding any specific amount of brokerage commissions which will be paid in recognition of such services. However, in determining the amount of portfolio commissions directed to such brokers or dealers, the Adviser considers the level of services provided, and based on such determinations the Adviser allocated brokerage commissions of $0 on portfolio transactions in the principal amount of $0 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 to broker dealers who provided research services to the Adviser. The average commission on these transactions was $0 per share.
Investment research obtained by allocations of Fund brokerage is used to augment the scope and supplement the internal research and investment strategy capabilities of the Adviser but does not reduce the overall expenses of the Adviser to any material extent. Such investment research may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and includes information on particular companies and industries as well as market, economic, or institutional activity areas. Research services furnished by brokers through which the Fund effects securities transactions are used by the Adviser and its advisory affiliates in carrying out their responsibilities with respect to all of their accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. Such investment information may be useful only to one or more of the other accounts of the Adviser and its advisory affiliates, and research information received for the commissions of those particular accounts may be useful both to the Fund and one or more of such other accounts.
The Adviser may also place orders for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities with G.research when it appears that, as an introducing broker or otherwise, G.research can obtain a price, execution, and commission, which is at least as favorable as that obtainable by other qualified brokers and at a commission rate at least as favorable as it provides to its best customers for similar transactions. As required by Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act, the Funds Board has adopted procedures which provide that commissions paid to G.research on brokerage transactions must not exceed those which would have been charged by another qualified broker or member firm able to effect the same or a comparable transaction at an equally favorable price or those commissions G.research charges its most favored customers on similar transactions. Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and the Funds procedures contain requirements that the Board, including its Independent Trustees, review such commissions and transactions quarterly and such procedures at least annually to determine their continuing appropriateness. The Adviser and G.research are also required to furnish reports and maintain records in connection with such reviews.
To obtain the best execution of portfolio trades on the NYSE, G.research controls and monitors the execution of such transactions on the floor of the NYSE through independent floor brokers or the Designated Order Turnaround System of the NYSE. Such transactions are then cleared, confirmed to the Fund for the account of G.research, and settled directly with the Custodian of the Fund by a clearing house member firm which remits the commission less its clearing charges to G.research. G.research may also effect the Funds portfolio transactions in the same manner and pursuant to the same arrangements on other national securities exchanges that adopt direct access rules similar to those of the NYSE. In addition, G.research may directly execute transactions for the Fund on the floor of any exchange, provided: (i) the Funds Board has expressly authorized G.research to effect such transactions; and (ii) G.research annually advises the Fund of the aggregate compensation it earned on such transactions.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Funds payment of brokerage commissions for the past three fiscal years ended December 31 as indicated:
Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, |
Commissions Paid | |||||
Total Brokerage Commissions |
2017 | $ | 123,438 | |||
2018 | $ | 160,016 | ||||
2019 | $ | 115,020 | ||||
Commissions paid to G.research |
2017 | $ | 85,154 | |||
2018 | $ | 78,810 | ||||
2019 | $ | 70,517 | ||||
% of Total Brokerage Commissions paid to G.research |
2019 | 61.31 | % | |||
% of Total Transactions involving Commissions paid to G.research |
2019 | 70.81 | % |
* |
The difference between the percentage of total commissions paid to G.research versus the percentage of the principal amount of commissionable trades done through G.research can be attributable to the lower commissions per share paid on NASDAQ securities executed on Electronic Trading Networks and foreign securities transactions versus the commission rates on exchange-traded securities. G.research only executed transactions on exchange-listed securities, and the rates per share on such securities are often determined without regard to the principal amount of the transaction, which led to the differences noted. |
During its fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Fund did not acquire securities of its regular broker-dealers or their parents.
Payment of the redemption price for shares redeemed may be made either in cash or in portfolio securities (selected at the discretion of the Board of the Fund and taken at their value used in determining the Funds NAV per share as described under Determination of Net Asset Value), or partly in cash and partly in portfolio securities. However, payments will be made wholly in cash unless the shareholder has redeemed more than $250,000 over the preceding three months and the Adviser believes that economic conditions exist which would make payments in cash detrimental to the best interests of the Fund. If payment for shares redeemed is made wholly or partly in portfolio securities, brokerage costs may be incurred by the investor in converting the securities to cash. The Fund will not distribute in-kind portfolio securities that are not readily marketable.
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The Fund imposes a redemption fee of 2.00% of the total redemption amount if shareholders sell or exchange any of their shares within seven days of the date of a purchase. The fee, its manner of calculation and exceptions to its applicability are discussed in the Funds prospectus. The fee is not a sales charge (load) and is paid directly to the Fund and not to the Adviser or Distributor.
Cancellation of purchase orders for Fund shares (as, for example, when checks submitted to purchase shares are returned unpaid) causes a loss to be incurred when the NAV of the Fund shares on the date of cancellation is less than on the original date of purchase. The investor is responsible for such loss, and the Fund may reimburse itself or the Distributor for such loss by automatically redeeming shares from any account registered at any time in that shareholders name, or by seeking other redress. If the Fund is unable to recover any loss to itself, it is the position of the SEC that the Distributor will be immediately obligated to make the Fund whole.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
NAV is calculated separately for each class of the Fund. The NAV of Class C shares of the Fund, as applicable, will generally be lower than the NAV of Class AAA, Class A, or Class I shares, as applicable, as a result of the higher service and distribution-related fees to which Class C shares are subject. It is expected, however, that the NAV per share of each class will tend to converge immediately after the recording of dividends, if any, which will differ by approximately the amount of the distribution and/or service fee expense accrual differential among the classes.
For purposes of determining the Funds NAV, equity securities listed or traded on a nationally recognized securities exchange or traded in the U.S. over-the-counter market where trades are reported contemporaneously and for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale or a markets official closing price at the close of the exchanges or other markets regular trading hours, as of prior to the time and day as of which such value is being determined. Portfolio securities traded on more than one national securities exchange or market are valued according to the broadest and most representative market as determined by the Adviser. If there has been no sale on the day the valuation is made, the securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and ask prices on the principal market for such security on such day. If no ask prices are quoted on such day, then the security is valued at the closing bid price on the principal market for such security on such day. If no bid or ask prices are quoted on such day, the Funds accounting agent will notify the Adviser and the security will be valued based on written or standing instructions from the Adviser and/or the Pricing Committee.
Equity securities which are primarily traded on foreign markets, except for those that trade primarily in Latin America or South America, are generally valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges. Equity securities which are primarily traded in Latin American or South American markets are valued each day approximately at the time of the close of regular trading on the NYSE as though such time were the close of trading on such Latin American or South American market and such Latin American or South American market were a U.S. market. When the NYSE is open, but the foreign market on which an equity security primarily trades is closed, such as for a foreign national holiday, the security will generally be valued at the last available closing value (subject to the Fair Value Procedures adopted by the Board) using the prevailing exchange rate as described below. If some event occurs affecting or likely to affect the price of an equity security or group of equity securities to a significant extent including but not limited to material market movement, changes in market conditions after a foreign market closes, but prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or a company development, such as a material business development, dividend declaration, stock split or rights offering, and if adequate and timely information relating to the event is not available or is not taken into account by the pricing service, the Adviser should review the pricing furnished by the pricing service to determine whether it is appropriate in the circumstances. In such case, the Adviser will obtain market quotations from another source or will make a fair value determination of such securities using other appropriate value measurements and such information will be presented to the Board for ratification at its next scheduled meeting. If the primary market for such an equity security suspends or limits trading or price movements, whether for the market as a whole or the particular security, and trading also occurs on a secondary market which has not suspended or limited trading or price movement, valuation will be based on information from the secondary market provided by the Adviser. If all markets on which such an equity security have suspended trading, the Adviser will fair value such security as provided above. Information that becomes known after the close of the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, on any business day may be assessed in determining net asset value per share after the time of receipt of the information, but will not be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security determined earlier or on a prior day.
Initial public offering securities are initially valued at cost. Upon commencement of trading, these securities are valued like any other equity security.
Debt obligations (including convertible debt) for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the average of the latest bid and ask prices. If there were no ask prices quoted on such day, the security is valued using the closing bid price. Such debt obligations are valued through prices provided by a pricing service approved by the Board.
Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies will be translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rates as provided by an appropriate pricing service. Forward currency exchange contracts will be valued using interpolated forward exchange rates. Prevailing foreign exchange rates and forward currency foreign exchange rates may generally be obtained on a consistent basis at approximately 11:00 a.m. Eastern time, which approximates the close of the London Exchange. As available and as provided by an appropriate pricing service, translation of foreign security and currency market values will also occur with the use of foreign exchange rates obtained at the close of the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
Certain securities are valued principally using dealer quotations. Futures contracts are valued at the closing settlement price of the exchange or board of trade on which the applicable contract is traded. OTC futures and options on futures for which market quotations are readily available will be valued by quotations received from a pricing service or, if no quotations are available from a pricing service, by quotations obtained from one or more dealers in the instrument in question by the Adviser.
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Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board. Fair valuation methodologies and procedures may include, but are not limited to: (i) analysis and review of available financial and non-financial information about the company, (ii) comparisons with the valuation and changes in valuation of similar securities, including a comparison of foreign securities to the equivalent U.S. dollar value American Depositary Receipts securities at the close of U.S. exchanges; and (iii) evaluation of any other information that could be indicative of the value of the security.
The Fund may obtain valuations on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. All other investment assets, including restricted and not readily marketable securities, are valued in good faith at fair value under procedures established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Funds Board. Additional information on fair valuation is provided in the Funds prospectus under Pricing of Fund Shares.
In addition, whenever developments in one or more securities markets after the close of the principal markets for one or more portfolio securities and before the time as of which the Fund determines its NAV would, if such developments had been reflected in such principal markets, likely have more than a minimal effect on any of the Funds NAV, the Fund may fair value such portfolio securities based on available market information as of the time the Fund determines its NAV.
NYSE Closings
The holidays (as observed) on which the NYSE is closed, and therefore days upon which shareholders cannot redeem shares, currently are: New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when a holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Each dividend and capital gains distribution, if any, declared by the Fund on its outstanding shares will, unless you have elected otherwise, be paid on the payment date fixed by the Board in additional shares of the Fund having an aggregate NAV as of the ex-dividend date of such dividend or distribution equal to the cash amount of such distribution. An election to receive dividends and distributions in cash or in additional shares may be changed by notifying the Fund in writing at any time prior to the record date for a particular dividend or distribution. No sales charges or other fees are imposed on shareholders in connection with the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. There is no fixed dividend rate, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will realize any capital gains or other income with which to pay dividends and distributions.
General
Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. Federal income tax issues concerning the Fund and the purchase, ownership, and disposition of Fund shares by U.S. persons. This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change, which change may be retroactive. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of U.S. Federal income taxation that may be relevant to investors in light of their particular circumstances. No ruling has been or will be sought from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regarding any matter discussed herein. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position different from any of the tax aspects set forth below. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers with regard to the U.S. Federal tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, or disposition of shares of the Fund, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, foreign country, or other taxing jurisdiction.
Tax Status of the Fund
The Fund has qualified and intends to remain qualified to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, the Fund must, among other things, (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies; and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the taxable year (i) at least 50% of the value of the Funds total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities of (I) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies), (II) any two or more issuers (other than regulated investment companies) that it controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or (III) any one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally is not subject to U.S. Federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes to shareholders, if at least 90% of the Funds investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest, and the excess of any net short term capital gains over net long term capital losses) for the taxable year is distributed (or deemed distributed) in that taxable year. Any income or gains retained by the Fund will be subject to regular corporate-level income taxes. The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its income and gains. If the Fund were to fail to meet its annual distribution requirement or otherwise fail to qualify as a regulated investment company in any given year, the Fund would be subject to U.S. Federal income tax at regular corporate rates on all of its taxable income and gains in that year.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the excise tax, the Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount equal to at least the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made by the Fund with a November or December year end to use the Funds fiscal year), and (3) certain ordinary income and net capital gains for previous years that were not distributed during such years and upon which no income tax was imposed. To avoid application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make distributions in accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.
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A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of a calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November, or December of that year with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following year. Such a distribution will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distribution is declared, rather than the calendar year in which it is received.
Distributions
Distributions of investment company taxable income, whether paid in cash or reinvested in Fund shares, are taxable to U.S. shareholders as ordinary income. Properly reported distributions attributable to qualified dividends received by the Fund from certain U.S. and non-U.S. corporations are taxable to U.S. shareholders who are individuals at a reduced maximum rate, provided that certain holding period requirements are met. Properly reported dividends paid by the Fund to a corporate shareholder, to the extent such dividends are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations may, subject to limitations, be eligible for the dividends received deduction.
Distributions of gains may be taxed at different rates depending on how long the Fund held the asset giving rise to such gains. Distributions of the excess of net long term capital gains over net short term capital losses, if any, properly reported by the Fund, whether paid in cash or reinvested in Fund shares, will generally be taxable to shareholders at the rates applicable to long term capital gains, regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares.
To the extent that the Fund retains any net long term capital gains, it may report them as deemed distributions and pay a tax thereon for the benefit of its shareholders. In that event, the shareholders report their share of the amounts so reported on their individual tax returns as if it had been received, and report a credit for the tax paid thereon by the Fund. The amount of the deemed distribution net of such tax is then added to the shareholders cost basis for his shares. Shareholders who are not subject to U.S. Federal income tax or tax on capital gains should be able to file a return on the appropriate form and a claim for refund that allows them to recover the tax paid on their behalf. Shareholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. Federal tax status of distributions, and shareholders receiving distributions in the form of newly issued shares will receive a report as to the NAV of the shares received.
If the Funds distributions exceed the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholders basis in its shares (reducing the basis accordingly). Amounts exceeding the shareholders basis will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of the shares (capital gain, if the shareholder holds his shares as capital assets). Investors should be careful to consider the tax implications of buying shares of the Fund just prior to the record date of a distribution (including a capital gain distribution). The price of shares purchased at such a time will reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, but the distribution will generally be taxable to the purchaser.
Foreign Taxes
The Fund may be subject to certain taxes imposed by the countries in which it invests or operates. The Fund will not have more than 50% of its total assets invested in securities of foreign governments or corporations and consequently will not qualify to elect to treat any foreign taxes paid by the Fund as having been paid by the Funds shareholders.
Dispositions
Upon a redemption, sale, or exchange of shares of the Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss depending upon his basis in the shares. A gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholders hands, and for non-corporate shareholders the rate of tax will depend upon the shareholders holding period for the shares and the shareholders level of taxable income. Any loss realized on a redemption, sale, or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced (including through reinvestment of dividends) within a period of sixty-one days, beginning thirty days before and ending thirty days after the shares are disposed of. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. If a shareholder holds Fund shares for six months or less and during that period receives a distribution taxable to the shareholder as long term capital gains, any loss realized on the sale of such shares during such six month period would be a long term capital loss to the extent of such distribution.
An exchange from one share class within the Fund to another share class within the Fund is not a taxable transaction, provided that such classes have identical rights with respect to the Fund assets.
Medicare Tax
Certain non-corporate U.S. shareholders whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare tax on dividend and other investment income, including dividends received from the Fund and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of the Funds stock.
Backup Withholding
The Fund generally will be required to withhold U.S. Federal income tax (backup withholding) from dividends paid, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds to shareholders if (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with the shareholders correct taxpayer identification number or social security number, (2) the IRS notifies the shareholder or the Fund that the shareholder has failed to report properly certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect, or (3) when required to do so, the shareholder fails to certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholders U.S. Federal income tax liability.
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Certain Reportable Transactions
If a shareholder recognizes, in any taxable year, a loss with respect to the Funds shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts for combinations of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxation
Distributions may be subject to additional state, local, and foreign taxes, depending on each shareholders particular situation. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized above, including the likelihood that ordinary income dividends distributed to them will be subject to withholding of U.S. tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate, if applicable). Withholding at a rate of 30% is required on dividends in respect of Fund shares held by foreign financial institutions (including foreign investment funds), unless such institution enters into an agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury to report, on an annual basis, information about equity and debt interests in, and accounts maintained by, the institution to the extent such interests or accounts are held by certain United States persons or by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by United States persons and to withhold on certain payments. Similarly, dividends in respect of Fund shares held by an investor that is a non-financial foreign entity is subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (i) certifies to the Fund that such entity does not have any substantial United States owners or (ii) provides certain information regarding the entitys substantial United States owners, which the Fund will in turn provide to the Secretary of the Treasury. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, or future Treasury regulations or other guidance, may modify these requirements. Non-U.S. shareholders are encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of this legislation on their investment in the Fund.
Properly reported ordinary income dividends are generally exempt from U.S. Federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Funds qualified net interest income (generally, the Funds U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest on obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the Funds qualified short term capital gains (generally, the excess of the Funds net short term capital gain over the Funds long term capital loss for such taxable year). Depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some, or none of its potentially eligible dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a foreign investor needs to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, or substitute or successor Form).
Investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding U.S. Federal, state, local, and foreign tax considerations.
Fund Investments
Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts. Any regulated futures contracts and certain options in which the Fund may invest may be section 1256 contracts. Gains (or losses) on these contracts generally are considered to be 60% long term and 40% short term capital gains or losses. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and on certain other dates prescribed in the Code) are marked to market with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. Code section 1092, which applies to certain straddles, may affect the taxation of the Funds sales of securities and transactions in financial futures contracts and related options. Under section 1092, the Fund may be required to postpone recognition of losses incurred in certain sales of securities and certain closing transactions in financial futures contracts or related options.
Special Code provisions applicable to Fund investments, discussed above, may affect the characterization of gains and losses realized by the Fund, and may accelerate recognition of income or defer recognition of losses. The Fund will monitor these investments and when possible will make appropriate elections in order to mitigate unfavorable tax treatment.
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
From time to time, the Fund may quote its performance in advertisements or in reports and other communications to shareholders, computed according to formulas prescribed by the SEC. The Funds performance will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolio, and its operating expenses. Consequently, any given performance quotation should not be considered representative of the Funds performance for any specified period in the future. In addition, when considering average total return figures for periods longer than one year, it is important to note that the Funds annual total returns for any one year in the period might have been greater or less than the average for the entire period. In addition, because the performance will fluctuate, it may not provide a basis for comparing an investment in the Fund with certain bank deposits or other investments that pay a fixed yield for a stated period of time. Investors comparing the Funds performance with that of other mutual funds should give consideration to the quality and maturity of the respective investment companies portfolio securities.
In reports or other communications to shareholders or in advertising material, the Fund may compare its performance with that of other mutual funds as listed in the rankings prepared by Lipper, Inc. (a Reuters Company), Morningstar, Inc., or similar independent services that monitor the performance of mutual funds or other industry or financial publications. It is important to note that the total return figures are based on historical results and are not intended to indicate future performance. Shareholders may make inquiries regarding the Funds total return figures to the Distributor.
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In its reports, investor communications, or advertisements, the Fund may also include: (i) descriptions and updates concerning its strategies and portfolio investments; (ii) its goals, risk factors, and expenses compared with other mutual funds; (iii) analysis of its investments by industry, country, credit quality, and other characteristics; (iv) a discussion of the risk/return continuum relating to different investments; (v) the potential impact of adding foreign stocks to a domestic portfolio; (vi) the general biography or work experience of the portfolio managers of the Fund; (vii) portfolio manager commentary or market updates; (viii) discussion of macroeconomic factors affecting the Fund and its investments; and (ix) other information of interest to investors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDS SHARES
The Fund may issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest (par value $0.001 per share). The Funds shares have no preemptive or conversion rights.
Voting Rights
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held (and fractional votes for fractional shares) and may vote on the election of Trustees and on other matters submitted to meetings of shareholders. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Fund is not required, and does not intend, to hold regular annual shareholder meetings but may hold special meetings for the consideration of proposals requiring shareholder approval such as changing fundamental policies. In addition, if the Trustees have not called an annual meeting of shareholders for any year by May 31 of that year, the Trustees will call a meeting of shareholders upon the written request of shareholders holding in excess of 50% of the affected shares for the purpose of removing one or more Trustees or the termination of any investment advisory agreement. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Funds shareholders have the right, upon the vote of more than 66 2/3% of its outstanding shares, to remove a Trustee. Except as may be required by the 1940 Act or any other applicable law, the Trustees may amend the Agreement and Declaration of Trust in any respect without any vote of shareholders to make any change that does not (i) impair the exemption from personal liability as provided therein or (ii) permit assessments on shareholders. Shareholders have no preemptive or conversion rights except with respect to shares that may be denominated as being convertible or as otherwise provided by the Trustees or applicable law. The Fund may be (i) terminated upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) merged or consolidated with, or sell all or substantially all of its assets to another issuer, if such transaction is approved by the vote of two-thirds of the Trustees without any vote of the shareholders, in each case except as may be required by the 1940 Act or any other applicable law. If not so terminated, the Fund intends to continue indefinitely.
Liabilities
The Funds Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
The Funds Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, including the Report of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, are incorporated herein by reference to the Funds 2019 Annual Report to Shareholders. The Funds Annual Report is available upon request and without charge by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) or through the Internet at http://www.gabelli.com. Ernst & Young LLP provides audit services, tax return preparation and assistance, and other assurance services in connection with certain SEC filings.
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DESCRIPTION OF CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
MOODYS INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (Moodys)
Aaa: |
Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk. |
Aa: |
Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. |
A: |
Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. |
Baa: |
Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. |
Ba: |
Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk. |
B: |
Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to very high credit risk. |
Caa: |
Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. |
Ca: |
Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. |
C: |
Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. |
NR: |
NR is assigned to an unrated issuer, obligation and/or program. |
Should |
no rating be assigned, the reason may be one of the following: |
1. |
An application for rating was not received or accepted. |
2. |
The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities that are not rated as a matter of policy. |
3. |
There is a lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer. |
4. |
The issue was privately placed, in which case the rating is not published in Moodys publications. |
Suspension or withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonable up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.
Note: |
Moodys appends numerical modifiers, 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of its generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms. |
STANDARD & POORS RATINGS SERVICES (S&P)
Investment Grade
AAA: |
An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. |
AA: |
An obligation rated AA differs from the highest rated obligations only in small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. |
A: |
An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. |
BBB: |
An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
A-1
Speculative Grade
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: |
An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
B: |
An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
CCC: |
An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
CC: |
An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poors expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. |
C: |
An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher. |
D: |
An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. |
N |
This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. |
* |
The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories. |
Description of S&P and Moodys commercial paper ratings:
The designation A-1 by S&P indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. Capacity for timely payment on issues with an A-2 designation is satisfactory. However, the relative
degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.
The rating Prime-1 (P-1) is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moodys. Issuers of P-1 paper must have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations, and ordinarily will be evidenced by leading market positions in well established industries, high rates of return of funds employed, conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection, broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation, and well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.
A-2
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. |
Exhibits. | |
(c) Not Applicable. |
||
(f) Not Applicable. |
||
|
||
(j)(1) Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm filed herewith. |
||
(k) Not Applicable. |
||
|
||
(o) Not Applicable. |
||
Item 29. |
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant |
None.
Item 30. |
Indemnification |
Section 4.2 of Article IV of Registrants Agreement and Declaration of Trust, Section 5 of the Investment Advisory Agreement and Section 10 of the Distribution Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference to Exhibits (a), (d) and (e).
Insofar as indemnification of liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Act) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in that Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Registrant hereby undertakes that it will apply the indemnification provisions of its Agreement and Declaration of Trust, its By-Laws, the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Administration Agreement and the Distribution Agreement in a manner consistent with Release No. 11330 of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Item 31. |
Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser |
Gabelli Funds, LLC (the Adviser) is a registered investment adviser providing investment management and administrative services to the Registrant. The Adviser also provides similar services to other mutual funds.
The information required by this Item 31 with respect to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by directors and officers of the Adviser during the past two fiscal years is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by the Adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (SEC File No. 801-37706).
Item 32. |
Principal Underwriter |
(a) |
G.distributors, LLC (G.distributors) currently acts as distributor for Gabelli 787 Fund, Inc., The Gabelli Asset Fund, Gabelli Capital Series Funds, Inc., Comstock Funds, Inc., Gabelli Equity Series Funds, Inc., The Gabelli Dividend Growth Fund, GAMCO Global Series Funds, Inc., Gabelli Gold Fund, Inc., The Gabelli Growth Fund, Gabelli International Growth Fund, Inc., Gabelli Investor Funds, Inc., The Gabelli Money Market Funds, The Gabelli ESG Fund, Inc., The Gabelli Value 25 Fund Inc., The TETON Westwood Funds, Gabelli Innovations Trust and the KEELEY Funds, Inc. |
(b) |
The information required by this Item 32 with respect to each director, officer or partner of G.distributors is incorporated by reference to Schedule A of Form BD filed by G.distributors pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (SEC File No. 8-68697). |
(c) |
Not Applicable. |
Item 33. |
Location of Accounts and Records |
Item 34. |
Management Services |
Not Applicable.
Item 35. |
Undertakings |
Not Applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant, THE GABELLI UTILITIES FUND, certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to its Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Rye and State of New York, on the 29th day of April 2020.
THE GABELLI UTILITIES FUND | ||
By: | /s/ Bruce N. Alpert | |
Bruce N. Alpert President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to its Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signatures |
Title |
Date |
||
Mario J. Gabelli* Mario J. Gabelli |
Chairman of the Board
|
April 29, 2020 | ||
/s/ Bruce N. Alpert Bruce N. Alpert |
President (Principal Executive Officer) |
April 29, 2020 | ||
/s/ John C. Ball John C. Ball |
Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
April 29, 2020 | ||
Anthony J. Colavita* Anthony J. Colavita |
Trustee
|
April 29, 2020 | ||
Vincent D. Enright* Vincent D. Enright |
Trustee
|
April 29, 2020 | ||
Mary E. Hauck* Mary E. Hauck |
Trustee
|
April 29, 2020 | ||
Kuni Nakamura* Kuni Nakamura |
Trustee
|
April 29, 2020 | ||
Werner J. Roeder* Werner J. Roeder |
Trustee
|
April 29, 2020 |
*By: | /s/ Bruce N. Alpert | |
Bruce N. Alpert | ||
Attorney-in-Fact |
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT NO. |
DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT |
|
28(j)(1) | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
28(m)(1) | Amended and Restated Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 relating to Class AAA Shares, dated August 1, 2011 | |
28(p) | Revised Code of Ethics for the Registrant, Gabelli Funds, LLC, GAMCO Asset Management Inc., G.research, LLC, G.distributors, LLC, Teton Advisors, Inc., Gabelli & Partners, LLC, and Gabelli & Company Investment Advisers, Inc., dated January 24, 2020. |
Exhibit 28(j)(1)
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the references to our firm under the captions Financial Highlights in the Prospectus and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Financial Statements in the Statement of Additional Information in Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registration Statement (Form N-1A, No. 333-81209), and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated February 27, 2020 on The Gabelli Utilities Fund, included in the 2019 annual report to shareholders.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
April 29, 2020
Exhibit 28(m)(1)
AMENDED AND RESTATED
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION PURSUANT TO RULE 12b-1
OF
THE GABELLI UTILITIES FUND
WHEREAS, THE GABELLI UTILITIES FUND, a Delaware Business Trust (the Fund), engages in business as an open-end management investment company and is registered as such under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Act);
WHEREAS, the Fund has issued and is authorized to issue shares of common stock (Shares);
WHEREAS, G.distributors, LLC (the Distributor) presently serves as the principal distributor of the Shares pursuant to the distribution agreement between the Fund and the Distributor, which distribution agreement has been duly approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the Board), in accordance with the requirements of the Act (the Distribution Agreement);
WHEREAS, the Fund has established and plans to offer Shares of its common stock denominated as Class AAA Shares (the Class AAA Shares), pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Act that permits the Fund to implement a multiple distribution system providing investors with the option of purchasing Shares of various classes;
WHEREAS, the Board as a whole, and the trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund (as defined in the Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any agreements related to the Plan (the Disinterested Trustees), have determined, after review of all information and consideration of all pertinent facts reasonably necessary to an informed determination, that it would be desirable to adopt a plan of distribution for the Class AAA Shares and that, in the exercise of reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, that there is a reasonable likelihood that a plan of distribution containing the terms set forth herein (the Plan) will benefit the Fund and the shareholders of the Class AAA Shares, and have accordingly approved the Plan by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan; and
WHEREAS, this Plan governs the Class AAA Shares and does not relate to any class of Shares which may be offered and sold by the Fund other than the Class AAA Shares.
Exhibit 28(m)(1)
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, the Fund hereby adopts the Plan in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the Act on the following terms and conditions:
1. In consideration of the services to be provided, and the expenses to be incurred, by the Distributor pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Fund will pay to the Distributor as distribution payments (the Payments) in connection with the distribution of Class AAA Shares on aggregate amount at a rate of .25% per year of the average daily net assets of the Class AAA Shares. Such Payments shall be accrued daily and paid monthly in arrears or shall be accrued and paid at such other intervals as the Board shall determine. The Funds obligation hereunder shall be limited to the assets of the Class AAA Shares and shall not constitute an obligation of the Fund except out of such assets and shall not constitute an obligation of any shareholder of the Fund.
2. It is understood that the Payments made by the Fund under this Plan will be used by the Distributor for the purpose of financing or assisting in the financing of any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of Class AAA Shares. The scope of the foregoing shall be interpreted by the Board, whose decision shall be conclusive except to the extent it contravenes established legal authority. Without in any way limiting the discretion of the Board, the following activities are hereby declared to be primarily intended to result in the sale of Class AAA Shares: advertising the Class AAA Shares or the Funds investment advisers mutual fund activities; compensating underwriters, dealers, brokers, banks and other selling entities (including the Distributor and its affiliates) and sales and marketing personnel of any of them for sales of Class AAA Shares, whether in a lump sum or on a continuous, periodic, contingent, deferred or other basis; compensating underwriters, dealers, brokers, banks and other servicing entities and servicing personnel (including the Funds investment adviser and its personnel) of any of them for providing services to shareholders of the Fund relating to their investment in the Class AAA Shares, including assistance in connection with inquiries relating to shareholder accounts; the production and dissemination of prospectuses (including statements of additional information) of the Fund and the preparation, production and dissemination of sales, marketing and shareholder servicing materials; and the ordinary or capital expenses, such as equipment, rent, fixtures, salaries, bonuses, reporting and recordkeeping and third party consultancy or similar expenses relating to any activity for which Payment is authorized by the Board; and the financing of any activity for which Payment is authorized by the Board; and profit to the Distributor and its affiliates arising out of their provision of shareholder services. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Plan does not require the Distributor or any of its affiliates to perform any specific type or level of distribution activities or shareholder services or to incur any specific level of expenses for activities covered by this Section 2. In addition, Payments made in a particular year shall not be refundable whether or not such Payments exceed the expenses incurred for that year pursuant to this Section 2.
Exhibit 28(m)(1)
3. The Fund is hereby authorized and directed to enter into appropriate written agreements with the Distributor and each other person to whom the Fund intends to make any Payment, and the Distributor is hereby authorized and directed to enter into appropriate written agreements with each person to whom the Distributor intends to make any payments in the nature of a Payment. The foregoing requirement is not intended to apply to any agreement or arrangement with respect to which the party to whom payment is to be made does not have the purpose set forth in Section 2 above (such as the printer in the case of the printing of a prospectus or a newspaper in the case of an advertisement) unless the Board determines that such an agreement or arrangement should be treated as a related agreement for purposes of Rule 12b-1 under the Act.
4. Each agreement required to be in writing by Section 3 must contain the provisions required by Rule 12b-1 under the Act and must be approved by a majority of the Board (Board Approval) and by a majority of the Disinterested Trustees (Disinterested Trustee Approval), by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purposes of voting on such agreement. All determinations or authorizations of the Board hereunder shall be made by Board Approval and Disinterested Trustee Approval.
5. The officers, investment adviser or Distributor of the Fund, as appropriate, shall provide to the Board and the Board shall review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended pursuant to this Plan and the purposes for which such Payments were made.
6. To the extent any activity is covered by Section 2 and is also an activity which the Fund may pay for on behalf of the Class AAA Shares without regard to the existence or terms and conditions of a plan of distribution under Rule 12b-1 of the Act, this Plan shall not be construed to prevent or restrict the Fund from paying such amounts outside of this Plan and without limitation hereby and without such payments being included in calculation of Payments subject to the limitation set forth in Section 1.
7. This Plan shall not take effect until it has been approved by a vote of at least a majority of the Class AAA Shares. This Plan may not be amended in any material respect without Board Approval and Disinterested Trustee Approval and may not be amended to increase the maximum level of Payments permitted hereunder without such approvals and further approval by a vote of at least a majority of the Class AAA Shares. This Plan may continue in effect for longer than one year after its approval by a majority of the Class AAA Shares only as long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by Board Approval and by Disinterested Trustee Approval.
8. This Plan may be terminated at any time by a vote of the Disinterested Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purposes of voting on such termination, or by a vote of at least a majority of the Class AAA Shares.
9. For purposes of this Plan the terms interested person and related agreement shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Act and the rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder and the term vote of a majority of the Class AAA Shares shall mean the vote, at the annual or a special meeting of the holders of the Class AAA Shares duly called, (a) of 67% or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the Class AAA Shares outstanding on the record date for such meeting are present or represented by proxy or, if less, (b) more than 50% of the Class AAA Shares outstanding on the record date for such meeting.
Dated: May 19, 1999 as amended, August 1, 2011
Exhibit 28(p)
SECTIONS
Gabelli Funds, LLC
GAMCO Asset Management Inc.
G.research, LLC.
G.distributors, LLC
Teton Advisors, Inc.
Gabelli & Partners, LLC
Gabelli & Company Investment Advisers, Inc.
The Code of Ethics applies to each Registered Investment Company or Private Fund Client or series thereof (each of which is considered to be a Company for this purpose) for which any of the Companies listed above presently or hereafter provides investment advisory or principal underwriting services, other than a money market fund or a fund that does not invest in Securities.
INTRODUCTION
This Code of Ethics establishes rules of conduct for persons who are associated with the companies named above or with the registered investment companies for which such companies provide investment advisory or principal underwriter services. The Code governs their personal investment and other investment-related activities.
The basic rule is very simple: we all have a fiduciary duty to put the clients interests first. In particular, you are reminded that investment opportunities must be offered first to clients before the firms or staff may act on them. This is one of the important objectives that the procedures set forth in this Code are intended to accomplish. The rest of the rules elaborate this principle. Some of the rules are imposed specifically by law. For example, the laws that govern investment advisers specifically prohibit fraudulent activity, making statements that are not true or that are misleading or omit something that is significant in the context and engaging in manipulative practices. These are general words, of course, and over the years the courts, the regulators and investment advisers have interpreted these words and established codes of conduct for their employees and others who have access to their investment decisions and trading activities. Indeed, the rules obligate investment advisers to adopt written rules that are reasonably designed to prevent the illegal activities described above and must follow procedures that will enable them to prevent such activities.
The purpose of this Code is to reinforce and enhance the long-standing commitment of the firms to the highest standards of ethical business conduct. Our business depends on our reputation for integrity and principled business conduct, and this reputation, in turn, depends on the day-to-day actions of every staff member. Accordingly, we must avoid conflicts of interest, which may occur when your private interests interfere in any way, or even appear to interfere, with the interests of the firms or its clients. A conflict situation can arise when you take actions or have interests that make it difficult for you to perform your work objectively and effectively. Your obligation to conduct the firms business in an
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-1 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
ethical manner includes the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and business relationships, including full disclosure of such conflicts. Each staff member is responsible for conducting himself in a lawful, honest and ethical manner at all times, and in accordance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to our business, including this Code and all other internal policies and procedures adopted by the firms.
This Code is intended to assist the companies in fulfilling their obligations under the law. The first part lays out who the Code applies to, the second part deals with personal investment activities, the third part deals with other sensitive business practices, and subsequent parts deal with reporting and administrative procedures.
The Code is very important to the Companies and their staff members. Violations can not only cause the Companies embarrassment, loss of business, legal restrictions, fines, and other punishments, but for staff members, can lead to demotion, suspension, firing, ejection from the securities business, and very large fines.
I. |
APPLICABILITY |
A. |
The Code applies to each of the following: |
1. |
The Companies named or described at the top of page one of the Code and all entities that are under common management with these Companies or otherwise agree to be subject to the Code (Affiliates). A listing of the Affiliates, which is periodically updated, is attached as Exhibit A. |
2. |
Any officer, director or employee of any Company, Affiliate or Fund Client (as defined below) whose job regularly involves him in the investment process. This includes the formulation and making of investment recommendations and decisions, the purchase and sale of securities for Clients and the utilization of information about investment recommendations, decisions and trades. Due to the manner in which the Companies and the Affiliates conduct their business, every employee should assume that he or she is subject to the Code unless the Compliance Officer specifies otherwise.1 |
1 |
Consultants, interns and part-time employees are subject to the restrictions and reporting requirements of personal investment activities promulgated under the Code. |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-2 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
3. |
With respect to all of the Companies, Affiliates and Fund Clients, any natural person who Controls any of the Companies, Affiliates or Fund Clients and who obtains information regarding the Companies or the Affiliates investment recommendations or decisions. However, a person whose Control arises only as a result of his or her official position with such entity is excluded. Disinterested directors of Fund Clients and Independent Directors, for example, are excluded from coverage under this item. |
4. |
As an exception, the Code does not apply to any director, officer or employee of any Fund Client (such as certain of The Teton Westwood Funds) with respect to which the Companies services do not involve the formulation or making of investment recommendations or decisions or the execution of portfolio transactions if that person is also a director, officer or employee of any entity that does perform such services (such as Westwood Management Corp.). These individuals are covered by codes of ethics adopted by such entities. |
B. |
Definitions |
1. |
Access Persons. The (i) Companies, (ii) the persons described in items (A)2 and (A)3 above and (iii) such persons Immediate Family, other than those excluded by item (A)4 above. |
2. |
Access Person Account. Other than Client Accounts, includes all advisory, brokerage, trust or other accounts over which one or more Access Persons has (i) a substantial proportionate economic interest or (ii) Control. Control is defined as having investment and/or trade discretion over the account. |
A substantial proportionate economic interest will generally be 25% of the equity in the account in the case of any single Access Person or 25% of the equity in the account in the case of all Access Persons in the aggregate. Interests in Private Fund Clients and similar indirect means of ownership of underlying securities shall also be treated as Access Person Accounts for purposes of this Code.2
2 |
Affiliated Mutual Funds shall not be treated as Access Person Accounts for purposes of this Code. Because there are investment limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act over the investment activity of Affiliated Mutual Funds, the firms take the positions that the indirect benefit potentially gained by an Access Person through the trading activity of these Clients to the potential detriment of other Clients of the firms is sufficiently mitigated. In addition, the firms have determined that the risk to other investors in Affiliated Mutual Funds caused by subjecting these Clients to the trading restrictions imposed by this Code outweigh the risks to other Clients of the firms that the firms will seek to benefit the Access Person to the detriment of the firms other Clients. In addition, subject to the review of the Chief Compliance Officer, market making accounts controlled by G.research, LLC and error accounts of Access Persons shall not be deemed Access Person Accounts for purposes of this Code. |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-3 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
As an exception, accounts in which one or more Access Persons and/or their immediate family have a substantial proportionate interest which are managed by an investment adviser who has no affiliation with the Companies and with respect to which no Access Person has, in the judgment of the Compliance Officer after reviewing the terms and circumstances, any direct or indirect influence or control over the investment or portfolio execution process are not Access Person Accounts.
As a further exception, subject to the provisions of Article II(I)7, bona fide market making accounts of G.research, LLC are not Access Person Accounts.
As a further exception, subject to the provisions of Article II(I)7, bona fide error accounts of the Companies and the Affiliates are not Access Person Accounts.
3. |
Affiliated Mutual Funds. Registered open-end investment companies or series thereof advised or sub-advised by any of the Companies or their Affiliates. |
4. |
Associate Portfolio Managers. Access Persons who are engaged in securities research and analysis for designated Clients or are responsible for investment recommendations for designated Clients but who are not principally responsible for investment decisions with respect to any Client Accounts. |
5. |
Clients. Persons that have investment advisory accounts maintained with any of the Companies or Affiliates by any person, other than Access Person Accounts. However, Fund Clients covered by item (A)(4) above are considered Client Accounts only with respect to employees specifically identified by the Compliance Officer as having regular information regarding investment recommendations or decisions or portfolio transactions for such Fund Clients. |
6. |
Client Accounts. Shall mean accounts of Clients (i) that are Controlled by an Access Person and (ii) in which no Access Person has a substantial proportionate economic interest; provided that, the Client pays a management, advisory or any other similar arms-length fee to the Access Person and the beneficiary of the Client Account is not an Immediate Family member of an Access Person. |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-4 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
7. |
Companies. The companies named or described at the top of page one of the Code. |
8. |
Compliance Officer. The persons designated as the compliance officers of the Companies. |
9. |
Covered Persons. The Companies, the Access Persons and the persons described in items A(3) and (A)4 above. |
10. |
Fund Clients. Clients that are Affiliated Mutual Funds, Private Fund Clients or a series thereof. |
11. |
Immediate Family. An Access Persons spouse and Minor Descendants; provided that, with respect to accounts for the benefit of Minor Descendants who are not also Minor Children, an Access Person Controls such account. |
12. |
Independent Directors. A director of any of the Companies or Affiliates, other than an investment advisor to a Fund Client, who would not be an interested person of any of such entities under Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 but for the fact that he or she serves as such a director and may own beneficially securities of any such entity constituting less than 5% of the voting securities thereof and may be an associated person of or own securities in a broker-dealer or parent company thereof and who does not have any involvement in the day-to-day activities of any of the Companies or Fund Clients. |
13. |
Minor Children. A child, whether natural or via adoption, of an Access Person, under the age of twenty-one years. |
14. |
Minor Descendants. Direct descendants of an Access Person, whether natural or via adoption, under the age of twenty-one years. |
15. |
Portfolio Managers. Access Persons who are principally responsible for investment decisions with respect to any Client Accounts. |
16. |
Private Fund Client. Any Client the securities of which were offered or sold pursuant to Section 3(c)(1) or the 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. |
17. |
Security. Any financial instrument treated as a security for investment purposes and any related instrument such as a futures, forward or swap contract entered into with respect to one or more securities, a basket of or an index of securities or components of |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-5 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
securities. However, the term security does not include securities issued by the Government of the United States, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements, or shares of registered open-end investment companies. Shares of affiliated registered open-end investment companies are not securities but are subject to special rules under this Code. |
II. |
RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
A. |
Basic Restriction on Investing Activities |
If a purchase or sale order is pending or under active consideration for any Client Account by any Company or Affiliate, neither the same Security nor any related Security (such as an option, warrant, right, futures contract or convertible security) may be bought or sold for any Access Person Account.
B. |
Initial Public Offerings |
No Security or related Security may be acquired in an initial public offering for any Access Person Account.
C. |
Blackout Period |
No Security may be bought or sold for the account of any Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager, including any of the firms proprietary accounts managed by a Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager, during the period commencing seven (7) calendar days prior to and ending seven (7) calendar days after the purchase or sale (or entry of an order for the purchase or sale) of that Security for any Client Account with respect to which such person has been designated a Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager, unless the Client Account receives at least as good a price as the account of the Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager by the transaction for the account of the Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager.
In the event that a Security is bought or sold for the account of any Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager within the Blackout Period at a price that is more advantageous than the price of the same Security bought or sold for any Client Account with respect to which such person has been designated a Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager, then the price difference advantage of the Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager account over the Client Account will be disgorged, except where such price difference advantage is of a de minimis amount, in which case no violation will be deemed to have occurred. For purposes of the Blackout Period, a de minimis amount is defined as a price difference advantage in an amount of $250 or less per security.
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-6 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
D. |
Short-term Trading and Affiliated Mutual Funds |
No Security or related Security may, within a 30 calendar day holding period may be bought and sold or sold and bought at a profit for any Access Person Account if the Security or related Security was held at any time during that period in any Client Account.
No Affiliated Mutual Fund, except the Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund and the Gabelli ABC Fund, may be bought and sold within a 30 calendar day holding period (measured on a last-in first-out basis) for a single Access Person Account. The Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund shall be exempt from the 30 calendar day holding period. The ABC Fund shall have a 7 calendar day holding period (measured on a last-in first-out basis).
Shares of Affiliated Mutual Funds purchased via automated investments or by reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions will not be subject to the holding period. Shares of Affiliated Mutual Funds held in 401(k) accounts administered by Ascensus (formerly BISYS) will not be subject to the holding period where the shares were purchased under the following circumstances:
|
Shares purchased by reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions; |
|
Shares purchased in rollover transactions; |
|
Shares purchased for automatic contribution election; and |
|
Shares purchased for automated account rebalance. |
Exchange Traded Managed Fund (ETMF)
Exchange Traded Managed Funds are neither subject to the holding period nor market capitalization criteria set forth in the Code for other exchange traded securities and related holding period restrictions.
E. |
Derivative Securities |
Securities that derive their value, at least in part, from an underlying asset (such as options, warrants, rights, swaps and futures contracts) may be bought and sold or sold and bought at a profit unless the underlying asset is subject to the restrictions set forth in paragraphs (A), (C), (D) and (I) or the exemptions set forth in paragraph (H).
However, rights that were received pro rata with other security holders are exempt from the 30 calendar day holding period set forth in paragraph (D).
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-7 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
F. |
Spinoffs |
Securities that are derived by the creation of an independent company through the sale or distribution of new shares of an existing company or division of a parent company is subject to the restrictions set forth in paragraphs (A), (C), (D) and (I), but exempt from the 30 calendar day hold requirement set forth in paragraph (D) or the exemptions set forth in paragraph (H).
G. |
Exempt Transactions |
Participation on an ongoing basis in an issuers dividend reinvestment or stock purchase plan, participation in any transaction over which no Access Person had any direct or indirect influence or control and involuntary transactions (such as mergers, inheritances, gifts, etc.) are exempt from the restrictions set forth in paragraphs (A), (C) and (D) above with case by case pre-clearance under paragraph (I) below.
H. |
Permitted Exceptions |
Purchases and sales of the following Securities for Access Person Accounts are exempt from the restrictions set forth in paragraphs (A), (C) and the first sentence of paragraph (D) above if such purchases and sales comply with the pre-clearance requirements of paragraph (I) below:
1. |
Publicly traded non-convertible fixed income Securities rated at least A; |
2. |
Publicly traded equity Securities having a market capitalization in excess of $1.0 billion;3 |
3 |
Market capitalization includes all classes of public shares outstanding that are convertible to common shares. |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-8 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
3. |
Publicly traded equity Securities having a market capitalization in excess of $500 million if the transaction in question and the aggregate amount of such Securities and any related Securities purchased and sold for the Access Person Account in question during the preceding 30 calendar days does not exceed 100 shares; |
4. |
Municipal Securities; and |
5. |
Securities transactions that the Compliance Officer concludes are being effected for federal, state or local income tax purposes. |
6. |
The exercise of rights that were received pro rata with other security holders is exempt. |
7. |
Securities issued by the United States Government, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit and commercial paper. |
I. |
Pre-Clearance of Personal Securities Transactions |
No Security may be bought or sold for an Access Person Account unless: (i) the Access Person obtains prior approval from the Compliance Officer or, in the absence of the Compliance Officer, from the General Counsel or a designee; or via an automated Compliance pre-clearance system (ii) the approved transaction is completed on the same day approval is received; and (iii) the Compliance Officer or the General Counsel or designee does not rescind such approval prior to execution of the transaction (See paragraph K below for details of the Pre-Clearance Process.)
J. |
Private Placements |
The Compliance Officer will not approve purchases or sales of Securities that are not publicly traded, unless the Access Person provides full details of the proposed transaction (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of such persons activities on behalf of any Client) and that the Companies would have no foreseeable interest in investing in such Security or any related Security for the account of any Client.
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-9 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
K. |
Pre-Clearance Process |
1. |
No Securities may be purchased or sold for any Access Person Account other than through the trading desk of G.research, LLC, unless express permission is granted by the Compliance Officer. Such permission may be granted only on the condition that the third party broker supply the Compliance Officer, on a timely basis, duplicate copies of confirmations of all personal Securities transactions for such Access Person in the accounts maintained with such third party broker and copies of periodic statements for all such accounts. |
2. |
No Securities may be purchased or sold for any Access Person Account unless the particular transaction has been approved in writing by the Compliance Officer or, in his or her absence, the General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc., Associated Capital Group, Inc. or their designees; or via an automated Compliance pre-clearance system. The Compliance Officer or a designee shall review reports from the trading desk (or, if applicable, confirmations from brokers) to assure that all transactions effected for Access Person Accounts are effected in compliance with this Code. A Trading Approval Form, attached as Exhibit B, must be completed and submitted to the Compliance Officer or a designee for approval prior to entry of an order. |
3. |
After reviewing the proposed trade, the level of potential investment interest on behalf of Clients in the Security in question and the Companies restricted lists, the Compliance Officer shall approve (or disapprove) a trading order on behalf of an Access Person as expeditiously as possible. The Compliance Officer will generally approve transactions described in paragraph (G) above unless the Security in question or a related security is on the Restricted List or the Compliance Officer believes for any other reason that the Access Person Account should not trade in such Security at such time. |
4. |
Once an Access Persons Trading Approval Form is approved, the form must be forwarded to the trading desk (or, if a third party broker is permitted, to the Compliance Officer) for execution on the same day. If the Access Persons trading order request is not approved, or is not executed on the same day it is approved, the clearance lapses although such trading order request may be resubmitted at a later date. |
5. |
In the absence of the Compliance Officer, an Access Person may submit his or her Trading Approval Form to the General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc., Associated Capital Group, Inc. or a designee; or via an automated Compliance pre-clearance system. Trading approval for the Compliance Officer must be obtained from the General Counsel, and trading approval for the General Counsel must be obtained from the Compliance Officer or a designee. In no |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-10 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
case will the Trading Desk accept an order for an Access Person Account unless it is accompanied by a signed Trading Approval Form; or a Trading Approval Form generated by an automated Compliance pre-clearance system that approves the trade. |
6. |
The Compliance Officer shall review all Trading Approval Forms, all initial, quarterly and annual disclosure certifications and the trading activities on behalf of all Client Accounts with a view to ensuring that all Covered Persons are complying with the spirit as well as the detailed requirements of this Code. The Compliance Officer will review all transactions in the market making accounts of G.research, LLC. and the error accounts of the Companies and the Affiliates in order to ensure that such transactions are bona fide market making or error transactions or are conducted in accordance with the requirements of this Article II. |
III. |
OTHER INVESTMENT-RELATED RESTRICTIONS |
A. |
Gifts |
No Access Person shall accept any gift or other item of more than $100 in value from any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of any Client.
B. |
Service As a Director |
No Access Person shall commence service on the Board of Directors of a publicly traded company or any company in which any Client Account has an interest without prior authorization from the Compliance Committee based upon a determination that the Board service would not be inconsistent with the interests of the Clients. The Compliance Committee shall include the senior Compliance Officer and the General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc. and Associated Capital Group, Inc., and at least two of the senior executives from among the Companies.
IV. |
REPORTS AND ADDITIONAL COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES |
A. |
Every Covered Person must submit a quarterly report (a form of which is appended as Exhibit C) containing the information set forth in paragraph (B) below with respect to transactions in any Security or Affiliated Mutual Fund in |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-11 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
which such Covered Person has or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership (as defined in Exhibit D) in the Security, or Affiliated Mutual Fund and with respect to any account established by the Covered Person in which any Securities or Affiliated Mutual Funds were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person; provided, however, that: |
1. |
a Covered Person who is required to make reports only because he or she is a director of one of the Fund Clients and who is a disinterested director thereof or who is an Independent Director need not make a report with respect to any transactions other than those where he or she knew or should have known in the course of his or her duties as a director that any Fund Client has made or makes a purchase or sale of the same or a related Security, or the investment adviser of any such Fund Client has considered causing any Fund Client to purchase or sell the same or a related Security, within 15 days before or after the purchase or sale of such Security or related Security by such director. |
2. |
a Covered Person need not make a report with respect to any transaction effected for, and Securities and Affiliated Mutual Funds held in, any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control; and |
3. |
A Covered Person need not make a report with respect to any transaction in securities issued by the United States Government, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit and commercial paper. |
4. |
a Covered Person will be deemed to have complied with the requirements of this Article IV insofar as the Compliance Officer receives in a timely fashion duplicate monthly or quarterly brokerage statements or transaction confirmations on which all transactions required to be reported hereunder are described. |
B. |
A Covered Person must submit the report required by this Article to the Compliance Officer no later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction or account to which the report relates was effected or established, and the report must contain the date that the report is submitted. |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-12 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
1. |
This report must contain the following information with respect to transactions: |
a. |
The date of the transaction, the title and number of shares and the principal amount of each Security and Affiliated Mutual Fund involved; |
b. |
The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); |
c. |
The price at which the transaction was effected; and |
d. |
The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected. |
2. |
This report must contain the following information with respect to accounts established: |
The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the account was established; and
The date the account was established.
C. |
Any report submitted to comply with the requirements of this Article IV may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he or she has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Security or Affiliated Mutual Fund to which the report relates. A person need not make any report under this Article IV with respect to transactions effected for, and Securities, and Affiliated Mutual Funds held in, any account over which the person has no direct or indirect influence or control. |
D. |
No later than 10 days after beginning employment with any of the Companies or Affiliates or otherwise becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person (except for a disinterested director of the Fund Client or an Independent Director who is required to submit reports under this Article IV solely by reason of being such a director) must submit a report, which must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date of beginning employment, containing the following information: |
1. |
The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Security and Affiliated Mutual Fund in which the Covered Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became a Covered Person; |
2. |
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Covered Person maintained an account in which any Securities and Affiliated Mutual Fund were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person as of the date the person became a Covered Person; and |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-13 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
3. |
The date that the report is submitted. |
The form of such report is attached as Exhibit E.
E. |
Annually each Covered Person must certify that he or she has read and understood the Code and recognizes that he or she is subject to such Code. In addition, annually each Covered Person must certify that he or she has disclosed or reported all personal Securities and Affiliated Mutual Fund transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. Furthermore, each Covered Person (except for a disinterested director of the Fund Client or an Independent Director who is required to submit reports under this Article IV solely by reason of being such a director) annually must submit a report containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted): |
1. |
The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Security and Affiliated Mutual Fund in which the Covered Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership held in an account not previously disclosed other than a G.research, affiliated funds or a firm-sponsored retirement plan account; |
2. |
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Covered Person maintains an account in which any Securities and Affiliated Mutual Funds are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person in an account other than a G.research, affiliated funds or a firm-sponsored retirement plan account; and |
3. |
The date that the report is submitted. |
The form of such certification and report is attached as Exhibit F.
F. |
At least annually (or quarterly in the case of Items 4 and 5 below), each of the Companies that has a Fund Client or that provides principal underwriting services for a Fund Client shall, together with each Fund Client, furnish a written report to the Board of Directors of the Fund Client that: |
1. |
Describes any issues arising under the Code since the last report. |
2. |
Certifies that the Companies have developed procedures concerning Covered Persons personal trading activities and reporting requirements relevant to such Fund Clients that are reasonably necessary to prevent violations of the Code; |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-14 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
3. |
Recommends changes, if any, to the Fund Clients or the Companies Codes of Ethics or procedures; |
4. |
Provides a summary of any material or substantive violations of this Code by Covered Persons with respect to such Fund Clients which occurred during the past quarter and the nature of any remedial action taken; and |
5. |
Describes any material or significant exceptions to any provisions of this Code of Ethics as determined under Article VI below. |
G. |
The Compliance Officer shall notify each employee of any of the Companies or Affiliates as to whether such person is considered to be an Access Person or Covered Person and shall notify each other person that is considered to be an Access Person or Covered Person. |
V. |
SANCTIONS |
The Compliance Officer or his or her designee will review all Trading Approval Forms, all initial, quarterly and annual disclosure certifications and the trading activities on behalf of all Client Accounts with a view to ensuring that all Covered Persons are complying with the spirit as well as the detailed requirements of the Code.
All violations of the Code must be reported to the Chief Compliance Officer for the appropriate registered investment adviser. In addition, if a staff member becomes aware of or suspects a violation of the Code by any other staff member, the violation or suspected violation must be promptly reported to the Chief Compliance Officer or the General Counsel. Staff members may make such reports anonymously, and will not be retaliated against by any of the firms for reporting conduct that may constitute a violation of the Code.
Upon discovering that a Covered Person has not complied with the requirements of this Code, the Chief Compliance Officer or the General Counsel will advise the Board of Directors of the relevant Company or of the relevant Fund Client. whichever is most appropriate under the circumstances, which may impose on that person whatever sanctions the Board deems appropriate, including, among other things, disgorgement of profit, censure, suspension or termination of employment. Material violations of requirements of this Code by employees of Covered Persons and any sanctions imposed in connection therewith shall be reported not less frequently than quarterly to the Board of Directors of any relevant Company or Fund Client, as applicable.
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-15 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
The General Counsel will ensure that the Fund Clients and each Gabelli entity that has a Fund Client, furnish a written report to the Board of Directors of each Fund Client, annually or quarterly as required by the Code, containing the information set forth in Section IV(F) of the Code.
VI. |
EXCEPTIONS |
The Compliance Committee of the Companies reserves the right to decide, on a case-by-case basis, exceptions to any provisions under this Code. Any exceptions made hereunder will be maintained in writing by the Compliance Committee and presented to the Board of Directors of any relevant Fund Client at its next scheduled meeting.
VII. |
PRESERVATION OF DOCUMENTS |
This Code, a copy of each report by a Covered Person, any written report made hereunder by the Companies or the Compliance Officer, lists of all persons required to make reports, a list of any exceptions, and the reasons therefore, with respect to Article II.B, and any records under Article II.G with respect to purchases pursuant to Article II.H above, shall be preserved with the records of the relevant Company and any relevant Fund Client for the period required by Rule 17j-1.
In accordance with the Investment Advisers Act, the following documents also will be preserved:
A. |
Records of all violations of the Code and any action taken as a result of such violation; |
B. |
Records of all written acknowledgements of receipt of the Code for all Access Persons for a five-year period; |
C. |
A list of all staff members who are or have been Access Persons during the past five years; and |
D. |
Records of any decision and supporting reasons for approving the acquisition of securities by Access Persons in limited offerings. |
VIII. |
OTHER LAWS, RULES AND STATEMENTS OF POLICY |
Nothing contained in this Code shall be interpreted as relieving any Covered Person from acting in accordance with the provision of any applicable law, rule or regulation or any other statement of policy or procedure governing the conduct of such person adopted by the Companies, the Affiliates or the Fund Clients.
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-16 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
IX. |
FURTHER INFORMATION |
If any person has any question with regard to the applicability of the provisions of this Code generally or with regard to any Securities transaction or transactions, he or she should consult the Compliance Officer.
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-17 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
EXHIBIT A
LIST OF AFFILIATES OF THE COMPANIES
ALCE Partners, LP Associated Capital Group, Inc. |
Gabelli & Partners GmbH Gabelli & Partners Italia LLC Gabelli & Partners Italia L.P. Gabelli & Partners Italia Management LLC Gabelli & Partners Italia S.R.L. |
Gabelli Arbitrage Holdings LLC |
Gabelli Associates Fund |
Gabelli Associates Fund II, LP |
Gabelli Associates Limited |
Gabelli Associates Limited II E |
Gabelli Capital Structure Arbitrage Master, Ltd. |
Gabelli Capital Structure Arbitrage, Ltd. |
Gabelli Capital Structure Arbitrage, LP Gabelli Entertainment and Telecommunication Acquisition Corp. Gabelli Fixed Income LLC |
Gabelli Fund, LDC |
Gabelli Global Infrastructure and Development Partners LP |
Gabelli Global Partners, Ltd. |
Gabelli Global Partners Master Fund, Ltd. |
Gabelli Intermediate Credit Fund, LP Gabelli Intermediate Credit Fund, Ltd. |
Gabelli International Limited Gabelli Investment Partners International LLC Gabelli Japan K.K. |
Gabelli Multimedia Partners, LP |
Gabelli Performance Partnership LP Gabelli Securities International Limited (U.K.) |
Gabelli Securities International, Ltd. (Bermuda) |
Gabelli Trading Holdings LLC GAMA Capital Opportunities Ltd. |
GAMA Capital Opportunities Master Ltd. |
GAMA Capital Partners LP GAMA Funds Holdings GmbH GAMA Funds LLC |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-18 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
GAMA Select Energy Plus Master Fund, Ltd. |
GAMCO Acquisitions LLC |
GAMCO Asset Management (UK) Ltd. |
GAMCO International Partners LLC |
GAMCO Investors, Inc. |
GAMCO Medical Opportunities, LP |
Gemini Capital Management LLC |
Gemini Capital Management Partners, LP |
Gemini Global Partners, LP Greenwich Acquisition LLC Greenwich PMV Acquisition Corp. |
Institutional Services Holdings, LLC Morgan Group Holding Co. |
MJG Associates, Inc. MJG IV Ltd. |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-19 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
EXHIBIT B
PRE-CLEARANCE TRADING APPROVAL FORM
I, ______________________________________ (name), am an Access Person or authorized officer thereof and seek pre-clearance to engage in the transaction described below for the benefit of myself or another Access Person:
Acquisition or Disposition (circle one)
Name of Account:
Account Number:
Date of Request:
Security:
Amount or # of Shares:
Broker:
If the transaction involves a Security that is not publicly traded, a description of proposed transaction, source of investment opportunity and any potential conflicts of interest:
I hereby certify that, to the best of my knowledge, the transaction described herein is not prohibited by the Code of Ethics and that the opportunity to engage in the transaction did not arise by virtue of my activities on behalf of any Client.
Signature: Print
Name:
Approved or Disapproved (Circle One)
Date of Approval:
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-20 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
Signature:
Print Name:
If approval is granted, please forward this form to the trading desk (or if a third party broker is permitted, to the Compliance Officer) for immediate execution.
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-21 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
EXHIBIT C
QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORT
Report submitted by: | ||
Print Name |
This transaction report (the Report) is submitted pursuant to Section IV (B) of the Code of Ethics of the Companies and supplies information with respect to transactions in any Security or Affiliated Mutual Fund in which you, or an Access Person, may be deemed to have, or by reason of such transaction acquire, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership interest, and with respect to accounts established by you, or an Access Person, in which any Securities or Affiliated Mutual Funds were held for your direct or indirect benefit, or for the benefit of an Access Person, for the period specified below.1 If you were not employed by or affiliated with us during this entire period, amend the dates specified below to cover your period of employment or affiliation.
Unless the context otherwise requires, all terms used in the Report shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Code of Ethics.
If you have no reportable transactions or new accounts, sign and return this page only. If you have reportable transactions or new accounts, complete, sign and return page two only and include any attachments.
1Every employee is considered an Access Person and is therefore subject to the Firms Code of Ethics. Access Person Accounts, which exclude Client Accounts, include all advisory, brokerage, trust or other accounts or forms of direct beneficial ownership in which one or more Access Persons and/or one or more members of an Access Persons immediate family have a substantial proportionate economic interest or control. Immediate family is defined as your spouse and minor descendants. With respect to accounts for the benefit of minor descendants who are not also minor children, any account that you control. Minor children is any child, whether natural or via adoption, of an Access Person, under the age of twenty-one years. A substantial proportionate economic interest will generally be 25% of the equity in the account in the case of any single Access Person or 25% of the equity in the account in the case of all Access Persons in the aggregate. Interests in investment partnerships and similar indirect means of ownership of underlying securities shall also be treated as Access Person Accounts for purposes of this Code.
I HAD NO REPORTABLE SECURITIES OR AFFILIATED MUTUAL FUND TRANSACTIONS OR ACCOUNTS ESTABLISHED DURING THE PREVIOUS CALENDAR QUARTER. I CERTIFY THAT I AM FULLY FAMILIAR WITH THE CODE OF ETHICS AND THAT, TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, THE INFORMATION FURNISHED IN THIS REPORT IS TRUE AND CORRECT.
Signature | Date | |||||||
Position |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-22 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
Page 2
QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORT
Report submitted by: | ||
Print Name |
The following tables supply the information required by Section IV (B) of the Code of Ethics for the period specified below. All transactions including transactions in Affiliated Mutual Funds and any new accounts established during the previous calendar quarter must be listed below.2 Transactions reported on brokerage statements or duplicate confirmations actually received by the Compliance Officer do not have to be listed although it is your responsibility to make sure that such statements or confirmations are complete and have been received in a timely fashion. If you had transactions of the kind described above, you may simply state, See statements.
Acknowledgement of the firms Privacy Policy and consent for the firms to receive trading information via electronic feed, duplicate statements and/or trade confirmations will be deemed to have been given for all approved accounts.
TRANSACTIONS |
||||||||||||
Securities
|
Date of
|
Whether Purchase, Sale,
Acquisition |
Quantity of
|
Price per Share or
|
Name of Broker/Dealer
was Effected |
Nature
of
|
NEW ACCOUNTS ESTABLISHED |
||||
Name of Broker, Dealer or Bank |
Account Number |
Date Account Established |
2 |
Outside accounts must be pre-cleared prior to being opened (See, Section T of the Compliance Manual). |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-23 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
Page 3
Managed Accounts:
When the personal account of an access person is managed by a third party, or in the case of a trust where an access person is the grantor or beneficiary that provides a trustee with management authority over the trust, the access person should not, in any way, directly or indirectly have influence or control over the personal account/trust.
Please certify to one of the following:
☐ |
I do NOT have any accounts managed by a third party or trustee.3 |
☐ |
I do have account(s) managed by a third party or trustee and I do NOT have trade or investment discretion over the account(s). I did not direct, suggest or consult a third party or trustee to make any purchases or sales of securities in the account(s) or trust during the previous calendar quarter.3 |
☐ |
I do have account(s) managed by a third party or trustee and I have investment and/or trade discretion over at least one of the accounts or trusts and did direct, suggest or consult the manager to make purchases or sales of securities in the account(s) or trust(s) during the previous calendar quarter.3 |
3 |
Any outside account of an Access Person that is managed by a third party, or in the case of a trust where an access person is the grantor or beneficiary that provides a trustee with management authority over the trust, the access person should not, in any way, directly or indirectly have influence or control over the personal account/trust. |
A hedge fund would be considered an account managed by a third party if it is managed as a separate account, but would not apply if you are one of other limited partners. An investment in a mutual fund managed by a third party would not apply because it is not solely for your benefit.
If
you have an account or trust that was not previously disclosed, please list the details in the New Accounts Established section above and contact the Legal/Compliance department immediately.
I CERTIFY THAT I AM FULLY FAMILIAR WITH THE CODE OF ETHICS AND THAT, TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, THE INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT IS TRUE AND CORRECT FOR THE PREVIOUS CALENDAR QUARTER.
Signature | Date | |||||||
Position |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-24 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
EXHIBIT D
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
For purposes of the attached Code of Ethics, beneficial ownership shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder, except the determination of direct or indirect beneficial ownership shall apply to all securities that a Covered Person has or acquires. The term beneficial ownership of securities would include not only ownership of securities held be a Covered Person for his or her own benefit, whether in bearer form or registered in his or her name or otherwise, but also ownership of securities held for his or her benefit by others (regardless of whether or how they are registered) such as custodians, brokers, executors, administrators, or trustees (including trusts in which he or she has only a remainder interest), and securities held for his or her account by pledges, securities owned by a partnership in which he or she is a member if he or she may exercise a controlling influence over the purchase, sale of voting of such securities, and securities owned by any corporation or similar entry in which he or she owns securities if the shareholder is a control-ling shareholder of the entity and has or shares investment control over the entitys portfolio.
Ordinarily, this term would not include securities held by executors or administrators in estates in which a Covered Person is a legatee or beneficiary unless there is a specified legacy to such person of such securities or such person is the sole legatee or beneficiary and there are other assets in the estate sufficient to pay debts ranking ahead of such legacy, or the securities are held in the estate more than a year after the decedents death.
Securities held in the name of another should be considered as beneficially owned by a Covered Person where such person enjoys financial benefits substantially equivalent to ownership. The Securities and Exchange Commission has said that, although the final determination of beneficial ownership is a question to be determined in the light of the facts of the particular case, generally a person is regarded as the beneficial owner of securities held in the name of his or her spouse and their minor children. Absent special circumstances such relationship ordinarily results in such person obtaining financial benefits substantially equivalent to ownership, e.g., application of the income derived from such securities to maintain a common home, or to meet expenses that such person otherwise would meet from other sources, or the ability to exercises a controlling influence over the purchase, sale or voting of such securities.
A Covered Person also may be regarded as the beneficial owner of securities held in the name of another person, if by reason of any contract, understanding, relationship, agreement, or other agreement, he or she obtains therefrom financial benefits substantially equivalent to those of ownership.
A Covered Person also is regarded as the beneficial owner of securities held in the name of a spouse, minor children or other person, even though he or she does not obtain therefrom the aforementioned benefits of ownership, if he or she can vest or re-vest title in himself at once or at some future time.
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-25 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
EXHIBIT E
INITIAL HOLDINGS REPORT
Report submitted by: | ||
Print Name |
This initial holdings report (the Report) is submitted pursuant to Section IV (D) of the Code of Ethics of the Companies and supplies information with respect to any Security and Affiliated Mutual Fund in which you, or an Access Person, may be deemed to have, or by reason of such transaction acquire, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership interest, and with respect to accounts established by you, or an Access Person, in which any Securities or Affiliated Mutual Funds were held for your direct or indirect benefit, or the benefit of an Access Person, as of a date not more than 45 days ago.1
Unless the context otherwise requires, all terms used in the Report shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Code of Ethics.
If you have no reportable Securities, Affiliated Mutual Funds, or accounts, sign and return this page only. If you have reportable Securities, Affiliated Mutual Funds, or accounts, complete, sign and return Page 2 and any attachments.
1 |
Every employee is considered an Access Person and is therefore subject to the Firms Code of Ethics. Access Person Accounts, which exclude Client Accounts, include all advisory, brokerage, trust or other accounts or forms of direct beneficial ownership in which one or more Access Persons and/or one or more members of an Access Persons immediate family have a substantial proportionate economic interest or control. Immediate family is defined as your spouse and minor descendants. With respect to accounts for the benefit of minor descendants who are not also minor children, any account that you control. Minor children is any child, whether natural or via adoption, of an Access Person, under the age of twenty-one years. A substantial proportionate economic interest will generally be 25% of the equity in the account in the case of any single Access Person or 25% of the equity in the account in the case of all Access Persons in the aggregate. Interests in investment partnerships and similar indirect means of ownership of underlying securities shall also be treated as Access Person Accounts for purposes of this Code. |
I HAVE NO REPORTABLE SECURITIES OR AFFILIATED MUTUAL FUND ACCOUNTS AS OF . I CERTIFY THAT I AM FULLY FAMILIAR WITH THE CODE OF ETHICS AND THAT, TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, THE INFORMATION FURNISHED IN THIS REPORT IS TRUE AND CORRECT.
Signature | Date | |||||||
Position |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-26 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
Page 2
INITIAL HOLDINGS REPORT
Report submitted by: | ||
Print Name |
The following tables supply the information required by Section IV (D) of the Code of Ethics as of the date you became subject to the Code. Include all holdings of Affiliated Mutual Funds and attach your most recent statement(s).
Acknowledgement of the firms Privacy Policy and consent for the firms to receive trading information via electronic feed, duplicate statements and/or trade confirmations will be deemed to have been given for all approved accounts.2
SECURITIES HOLDINGS |
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Securities (Name and Symbol) |
Quantity of Securities |
Name of Broker/Dealer Where
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Nature of Ownership
of
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ACCOUNTS |
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Name of Broker, Dealer or Bank |
Account Number |
2 |
Outside accounts must be pre-cleared prior to being opened (See, Section T of the Compliance Manual). |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-27 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
Page 3
Managed Accounts:
When the personal account of an access person is managed by a third party, or in the case of a trust where an access person is the grantor or beneficiary that provides a trustee with management authority over the trust, the access person should not, in any way, directly or indirectly have influence or control over the personal account/trust.
Please certify to one of the following:
☐ |
I do NOT have any accounts managed by a third party or trustee.3 |
☐ |
I do have account(s) managed by a third party or trustee and I do NOT have trade or investment discretion over the account(s). I did not direct, suggest or consult a third party or trustee to make any purchases or sales of securities in the account(s) or trust during the previous calendar quarter.3 |
☐ |
I do have account(s) managed by a third party or trustee and I have investment and/or trade discretion over at least one of the accounts or trusts and did direct, suggest or consult the manager to make purchases or sales of securities in the account(s) or trust(s) during the previous calendar quarter.3 |
3 |
Any outside account of an Access Person that is managed by a third party, or in the case of a trust where an access person is the grantor or beneficiary that provides a trustee with management authority over the trust, the access person should not, in any way, directly or indirectly have influence or control over the personal account/trust. |
A hedge fund would be considered an account managed by a third party if it is managed as a separate account, but would not be a separate account if you are a limited partner. An investment in a mutual fund managed by a third party would not be a separate account because it is not solely for your benefit.
If you have an account or trust that was not previously disclosed, please list the details in the New Accounts Established section above and
contact the Legal/Compliance department immediately.
I CERTIFY THAT I AM FULLY FAMILIAR WITH THE CODE OF ETHICS AND THAT, TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, THE INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT IS TRUE AND CORRECT AS OF
Signature | Date | |||||||
Position |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-28 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
EXHIBIT F
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF CODE OF ETHICS
A. |
I (a Covered Person) hereby certify that I have read and understand the Code of Ethics, and recognize that I am subject to and I am in Compliance with its provisions. In addition, I hereby certify that I have disclosed or reported all personal transactions in Securities and Affiliated Mutual Funds required to be disclosed or reported under the Code of Ethics. In addition, I have read and understand the firms Compliance Policies & Procedures Manual, Supervisory Policies & Procedures Manual, Code of Business Conduct, IT Staff Awareness and Whistleblower Policy posted on the firms Intranet website, and recognize that I am subject to and I am in compliance with its provisions; |
B. |
Within the last ten years there have been no complaints or disciplinary actions filed against me by any regulated securities or commodities exchange, any self-regulatory securities or commodities organization, any attorney general, or any governmental office or agency regulating insurance, securities, commodities or financial transactions in the United States, in any state of the United States, or in any other country; |
C. |
I have not within the last ten years been convicted of or acknowledged commission of any felony or misdemeanor arising out of my conduct as an employee, salesperson, officer, director, insurance agent, broker, dealer, underwriter, investment manager or investment advisor; and |
D. |
I have not been denied permission or otherwise enjoined by order, judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, regulated securities or commodities exchange, self-regulatory securities or commodities organization or other federal or state regulatory authority from acting as an investment advisor, securities or commodities broker or dealer, commodity pool operator or trading advisor or as an affiliated person or employee of any investment company, bank, insurance company or commodity broker, dealer, pool operator or trading advisor, or from engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with any such activity or the purchase or sale of any security. |
E. |
Unless I am exempt from filing an Annual Holdings Report (as a disinterested director of a Fund Client or an Independent Director of an Affiliate), I have attached a completed Annual Outside Accounts/Holdings Report which is accurate as of a date no more than 45 days ago. |
Print Name: | ||||
Signature: | ||||
Date: |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-29 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
Annual Outside Accounts/Holdings Report
Name: (Last name, First) | Job Title/Department: | |||
☐ |
Neither I nor anyone in my immediate family has Reportable Securities Accounts.1 |
☐ |
I have Reportable Securities Account(s)1 for my immediate family or myself outside the firm that was/were previously disclosed and approved by the Legal/Compliance department. The account(s) is/are listed below: |
☐ |
In 20xx, the following Reportable Securities Account(s)1 listed below was/were opened for my immediate family or myself and not previously disclosed to and approved by the Legal/Compliance Department: |
1Reportable Securities Accounts include:
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Advisory, brokerage, trust, mutual fund, or other accounts that you currently have open or are intending to open outside the firms, where you or your immediate family have a substantial proportionate economic interest or control. |
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Immediate family is defined as your spouse and minor descendants. With respect to accounts for the benefit of minor descendants who are not also minor children, any account that you control. |
Minor children is any child, whether natural or via adoption, of an Access Person, under the age of twenty-one years. Every employee is considered an Access Person and is therefore subject to the Code of Ethics.
Control is defined as having investment and/or trade discretion over the account.
|
A substantial proportionate economic interest will generally be 25% of the equity in the account in the case of any single Access Person or 25% of the equity in the account in the case of all Access Persons in the aggregate. Interests in private fund clients and similar indirect means of ownership of underlying securities shall also be treated as Access Person Accounts. |
*Excluded from the definition of mutual fund accounts are non-brokerage accounts that can only hold a single family of mutual funds (i.e., direct investment mutual fund accounts).
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Any outside account of an Access Person that is managed by a third party, or in the case of a trust where an access person is the grantor or beneficiary that provides a trustee with management authority over the trust, the access person should not, in any way, directly or indirectly have influence or control over the personal account/trust. [Note: a hedge fund would be considered an account managed by a third party if it is managed as a separate account, but would not be a separate account if you are a limited partner. An investment in a mutual fund managed by a third party would not be a separate account because it is not solely for your benefit]. |
Failure to disclose an account is a violation of the firms Code of Ethics. Along with this signed form, please enclose a copy of your most recent statement for each new Reportable Securities Account(s) listed below:
Print Your Name: |
Signature: |
Date: |
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-30 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |
Exhibit 28(p)
1. Account Title: |
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Account Number: |
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Firm Name: |
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Firm Address: |
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For Internal Use Only i | ||||
Receiving Statements & Confirms? |
2. Account Title: |
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Account Number: |
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Firm Name: |
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Firm Address: |
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For Internal Use Only i | ||||
Receiving Statements & Confirms? |
3. Account Title: |
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Account Number: |
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Firm Name: |
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Firm Address: |
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For Internal Use Only i | ||||
Receiving Statements & Confirms? |
4. Account Title: |
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Account Number: |
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Firm Name: |
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Firm Address: |
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For Internal Use Only i | ||||
Receiving Statements & Confirms? |
For additional accounts, please make a copy of this page. Page 2 of 2
Revised: January 24, 2020 | S-31 | INTERNAL USE ONLY |