UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549  
 
FORM 10-K
 

ý
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to                    
Commission File Number: 001-34177
 
DISCOVERYLOGOCOVER2017.JPG
Discovery Communications, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
 
35-2333914
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
One Discovery Place
Silver Spring, Maryland
 
20910
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(240) 662-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of Each Class
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Series A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Series B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Series C Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
 





Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes   ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes   ¨     No   ý
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Large accelerated filer
 
ý
  
Accelerated filer
 
¨
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  
Smaller reporting 
company
 
¨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   ý
The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant computed by reference to the last sales price of such stock, as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, which was June 30, 2017 , was approximately $9 billion .
Total number of shares outstanding of each class of the Registrant’s common stock as of February 21, 2018 was:
 
Series A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
155,613,008

Series B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
6,512,379

Series C Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
219,782,537

 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain information required in Item 10 through Item 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which shall be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within 120 days of the Registrant’s fiscal year end.



DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS


 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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PART I
ITEM 1. Business.
For convenience, the terms “Discovery,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to refer to both Discovery Communications, Inc. and collectively to Discovery Communications, Inc. and one or more of its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.
We were formed on September 17, 2008 as a Delaware corporation in connection with Discovery Holding Company (“DHC”) and Advance/Newhouse Programming Partnership (“Advance/Newhouse”) combining their respective ownership interests in Discovery Communications Holding, LLC (“DCH”) and exchanging those interests with and into Discovery (the “Discovery Formation”). As a result of the Discovery Formation, DHC and DCH became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Discovery, with Discovery becoming the successor reporting entity to DHC.
OVERVIEW
We are a global IP media company that provides content around the world via linear platforms, including pay-television ("pay-TV"), free-to-air ("FTA") and broadcast television, as well as various digital distribution platforms, including ad-supported TV Everywhere ("TVE") offerings, subscription-based direct-to-consumer products, digital and mobile-first, social media platforms and over-the-top streaming services. We also enter into content licensing agreements. As one of the world’s largest pay-TV programmers, we provide original and purchased content and live events to more than 3 billion cumulative subscribers and viewers worldwide through networks that we wholly or partially own. We distribute customized content in the U.S. and approximately 220 other countries and territories in over 40 languages. Our global portfolio of networks includes prominent nonfiction television brands such as Discovery Channel, our most widely distributed global brand, TLC, Investigation Discovery, Animal Planet, Science and Velocity (known as Turbo outside of the U.S.). Our portfolio includes Eurosport, a leading sports entertainment provider and the Olympic Games (the "Olympics") across Europe, as well as Discovery Kids, a leading children's entertainment brand in Latin America. We participate in joint ventures including Group Nine Media ("Group Nine"), a digital media holding company home to top digital brands including NowThis News, The Dodo, Thrillist and Seeker, as well as The Enthusiast Network ("TEN"), a leading digital media company for auto fans which includes our Velocity network and Motor Trend On Demand. We operate a portfolio of additional websites, digital direct-to-consumer products, a production studio and curriculum-based education products and services.
Our objectives are to invest in high-quality content for our networks and brands to build viewership, optimize distribution revenue, capture advertising sales, and create or reposition branded channels and businesses to sustain long-term growth and occupy a desired content niche with strong consumer appeal. Our strategy is to maximize the distribution, ratings and profit potential of each of our branded networks. In addition to growing distribution and advertising revenues for our branded networks, we are extending content distribution across new platforms, including brand-aligned websites, online streaming, mobile devices, video on demand ("VOD") and broadband channels, which provide promotional platforms for our television content and serve as additional outlets for advertising and distribution revenue. Audience ratings are a key driver in generating advertising revenue and creating demand on the part of cable television operators, direct-to-home ("DTH") satellite operators, telecommunication service providers, and other content distributors who deliver our content to their customers.
Our content spans genres including survival, exploration, sports, lifestyle, automobiles, general entertainment, heroes, adventure, crime and investigation, health and kids. We have an extensive library of high-definition content and own rights to the majority of our content and footage, which enables us to exploit our library to launch brands and services into new markets quickly. Our content can be re-edited and updated in a cost-effective manner to provide topical versions of subject matter that can be utilized around the world on a variety of platforms.
Although the Company utilizes certain brands and content globally, we classify our operations in two reportable segments: U.S. Networks, consisting principally of domestic television network brands, and International Networks, consisting primarily of international television network brands. In addition, Education and Other consists principally of curriculum-based product and service offerings and a production studio. Our segment presentation aligns with our management structure and the financial information management has used to make strategic and operating decisions, such as the allocation of resources and business performance assessments. Financial information for our segments and the geographical areas in which we do business is set forth in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our global brands are described below.



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ANTICIPATED ACQUISITION
Scripps Networks Interactive, Inc. ("Scripps Networks" )
On February 26, 2018 , the U.S. Department of Justice notified the Company that it has closed its investigation into Discovery's agreement for a plan of merger (the "Merger Agreement") to acquire Scripps Networks in a cash-and-stock transaction (the "Scripps Networks acquisition"). Scripps Networks is a global media company with lifestyle-oriented content, such as home, food, and travel-related programming. The Scripps Networks portfolio of networks includes HGTV, Food Network, Travel Channel, DIY Network, Cooking Channel and Great American Country, and TVN S.A.’s (“TVN”) portfolio of networks outside the United States. Additionally, outside the United States, Scripps Networks participates in UKTV, a joint venture with BBC Worldwide Limited (the “BBC”). The estimated merger consideration for the acquisition totals $12.0 billion , including $8.4 billion of cash and $3.6 billion of our Series C common stock based on our Series C common stock prices as of January 31, 2018 . In addition, the Company will assume approximately $2.7 billion of Scripps Networks' net debt. The transaction is expected to close in early 2018.
Scripps Networks shareholders will receive $63.00 per share in cash and a number of shares of Discovery's Series C common stock that is determined in accordance with a formula and subject to a collar based on the volume weighted average price of the Company's Series C common stock. The formula is based on the volume weighted average price of Discovery's Series C common stock over the 15 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to closing (the “Average Discovery Price”). Scripps Networks shareholders will receive 1.2096 shares of Discovery's Series C common stock if the Average Discovery Price is below $22.32 , and 0.9408 shares of Discovery's Series C common stock if the Average Discovery Price is above $28.70 . The intent of the range was to provide Scripps Networks shareholders with $27.00 of value per share in Discovery Series C common stock; if the Average Discovery Price is greater than or equal to $22.32 but less than or equal to $28.70 , Scripps Networks shareholders will receive a proportional number of shares between 1.2096 and 0.9408 . If the Average Discovery Price is below $25.51 , Discovery has the option to pay additional cash instead of issuing more shares above the 1.0584 conversation ratio required at $25.51 . The cash payment is equal to the product of the additional shares required under the collar formula multiplied by the Average Discovery Price; for example, if the Average Discovery Price were $22.32 with a conversion ratio of 1.2096 , the Company could offer shares at the 1.0584 ratio and pay for the difference associated with the incremental shares in cash. Outstanding employee equity awards or share-based awards that vest upon the change of control will be acquired with a similar combination of cash and shares of Discovery Series C common stock pursuant to terms specified in the Merger Agreement. Therefore, the merger consideration will fluctuate based upon changes in the share price of Discovery Series C common stock and the number of Scripps Networks common shares, stock options, and other equity-based awards outstanding on the closing date. Discovery will also pay certain transaction costs incurred by Scripps Networks. The post-closing impact of the formula was intended to result in Scripps Networks’ shareholders owning approximately 20% of Discovery’s fully diluted common shares and Discovery’s shareholders owning approximately 80% . The Company will utilize the proceeds of the senior notes offering described below, borrowings under certain term loans (see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements) and cash on hand to finance the cash portion of the transaction. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.
John C. Malone, Advance/Newhouse and members of the Scripps family entered into voting agreements to vote in favor of the transactions (the “Advance/Newhouse Voting Agreement”) and the stockholders of both Discovery and Scripps Networks approved the transaction on November 17, 2017. In addition, Advance/Newhouse has provided its consent, in its capacity as the holder of Discovery’s outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock, for Discovery to enter into the Merger Agreement and consummate the merger. In connection with this consent, Discovery and Advance/Newhouse entered into an exchange agreement pursuant to which Advance/Newhouse exchanged all of its shares of Series A and Series C preferred stock of Discovery for shares of newly designated Series A-1 and Series C-1 preferred stock of Discovery. The exchange transaction did not change the aggregate number of shares of Discovery’s Series A common stock and Series C common stock that are beneficially owned by Advance/Newhouse or change voting rights or liquidation preferences afforded to Advance/Newhouse. Discovery valued the securities immediately prior to and immediately after the exchange and determined that the exchange increased the fair value of Advance/Newhouse’s preferred stock by $35 million . Discovery does not believe the exchange is considered significant and does not reflect an extinguishment of the previously issued preferred stock for accounting purposes. Accordingly, Discovery has accounted for the exchange of the previously issued preferred stock as a modification, which is measured as the increase in fair value of the preferred stock held by Advance/Newhouse. The impact of the modification has been recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. (See Note 3 and Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). All of Discovery's direct costs of the Scripps Networks acquisition will be reflected as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
On September 21, 2017, Discovery Communications, LLC ("DCL") issued a series of senior notes to partially fund the acquisition of Scripps Networks with an aggregate principal amount of $6.8 billion. With the exception of $900 million in senior notes that mature in 2019, the senior notes contain a special mandatory redemption feature requiring the Company to redeem the

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notes for a price equal to 101% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the senior notes in the event that the Scripps Networks acquisition has not closed on or prior to August 30, 2018, or if the Merger Agreement is terminated prior to that date. While the Company expects to complete the acquisition on or before the deadline, unanticipated developments could delay or prevent the acquisition. As such, the Company cannot ensure that it will complete the acquisition by August 30, 2018. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
Global Network Brands
Subscriber statistics set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include both wholly-owned networks and networks operated by equity method investees. Domestic subscriber statistics are based on Nielsen Media Research. International subscriber and viewer statistics are derived from internal data coupled with external sources when available. As used herein, a “subscriber” is a single household that receives the applicable network from its cable television operator, DTH satellite operator, telecommunication service provider, or other television provider, including those who receive our networks from pay-TV providers without charge pursuant to various pricing plans that include free periods and/or free carriage. The term “cumulative subscribers” refers to the sum of the total number of subscribers to each of our networks or content services. By way of example, two households that each receive five of our networks from their pay-TV provider represent two subscribers, but 10 cumulative subscribers. The term "viewer" is a single household that receives the signal from one of our networks using the appropriate receiving equipment without a subscription to a pay-TV provider.
Our global brands are the following:


DISCLOGOBUSINESSOVERVIEW2017.JPG

Discovery Channel reached approximately 91 million subscribers in the U.S. and 6 million subscribers through a licensing arrangement with partners in Canada included in the U.S. Networks segment as of December 31, 2017 . Discovery Channel reached approximately 340 million subscribers in international markets as of December 31, 2017 including the Discovery HD Showcase brand.
Discovery Channel is dedicated to creating the highest quality non-fiction content that informs and entertains its consumers about the world in all its wonder, diversity and amazement. The network offers a signature mix of high-end production values and vivid cinematography across genres including science and technology, exploration, adventure, history and in-depth, behind-the-scenes glimpses at the people, places and organizations that shape and share our world.
Discovery Channel content includes Gold Rush , Naked and Afraid , Deadliest Catch , Fast N' Loud, Street Outlaws, Alaskan Bush People, Manhunt: UNABOMBER, and recently, the return of Cash Cab. Discovery Channel is also home to Shark Week , the network's long-running annual summer TV event.
Target viewers are adults aged 25-54, particularly men.

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TLCLOGO2017.JPG
 

TLC reached approximately 89 million subscribers in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017 , and also reached 9 million subscribers in Canada that are included in the U.S. Networks segment as of December 31, 2017 . TLC content reached approximately 375 million subscribers in international markets as of December 31, 2017 including the Home & Health, Real Time and Travel & Living brands.
TLC celebrates remarkable real-life stories without judgment, programming genres that include fascinating families, heartwarming transformations and life's milestone moments.
Content on TLC includes the 90 Day Fiancé franchise, Little People, Big World, Long Island Medium, Outdaughtered and returning in 2018, Trading Spaces .
Target viewers are adults aged 25-54, particularly women.



ANIMALPLANETLOGO.JPG
Animal Planet reached approximately 87 million subscribers in the U.S. and 2 million subscribers through a licensing arrangement with partners in Canada included in the U.S. Networks segment as of December 31, 2017 . Animal Planet reached approximately 263 million subscribers in international markets as of December 31, 2017 .
Animal Planet immerses viewers in the full range of life in the animal kingdom with rich, deep content via multiple platforms, offering animal lovers access to a centralized, television, digital social and mobile community for immersive, engaging, high-quality entertainment, information and enrichment.
Content on Animal Planet includes River Monsters , Tanked, Pit Bulls & Parolees, The Zoo, Dr. Jeff: Rocky Mountain Vet, Treehouse Masters and Puppy Bowl.
Target viewers are adults aged 25-54.

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IDLOGO2017.JPG

Investigation Discovery ("ID") reached approximately 84 million subscribers in the U.S. and 1 million subscribers through a licensing arrangement with partners in Canada included in the U.S. Networks segment as of December 31, 2017 . ID reached approximately 167 million subscribers in international markets as of December 31, 2017 .
ID is a leading mystery and suspense network. From harrowing crimes and salacious scandals to the in-depth investigation and heart-breaking mysteries behind these "real people, real stories," ID challenges our everyday understanding of culture, society and the human condition.
ID content includes the American Murder Mystery franchise, Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda, People Magazine Investigates, Deadline: Crime with Tamron Hall and On The Case With Paula Zahn .
Target viewers are adults aged 25-54, particularly women.



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Science Channel reached approximately 65 million subscribers in the U.S. and 2 million subscribers through a licensing arrangement with partners in Canada included in the U.S. Networks segment as of December 31, 2017 . Science Channel reached approximately 117 million subscribers in international markets as of December 31, 2017 .
Science Channel is home to all things science around the clock. Science Channel is the premiere TV, digital and social community for those with a passion for science, space, technology, archeology, and engineering.
Content on Science Channel includes MythBusters, Street Science, Outrageous Acts of Science, What on Earth?, How the Universe Works and How It's Made .
Target viewers are adults aged 25-54.







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VELOCITYLOGO2017.JPG TURBOLGO2017.JPG MOTORTRENDLOGO2017.JPG

Velocity reached approximately 73 million subscribers in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017 . Velocity reached approximately 114 million subscribers in international markets, where the brand is known as Turbo, as of December 31, 2017 .
Velocity engages viewers with a variety of high-octane, action-packed, intelligent thrilling automotive programming. In addition to series and specials exemplifying the very best of the automotive genre, the network broadcasts approximately 100 hours of live event coverage every year.
Content on Velocity includes Wheeler Dealers, Texas Metal, Iron Resurrection and Barrett-Jackson Live .
In 2017, Discovery formed a joint venture ("VTEN") with Velocity and TEN to create a leading automotive digital media company comprised of consumer automotive brands including Motor Trend, Hot Rod, Automobile, and more. Motor Trend On Demand, which is part of the transaction and is being enhanced with Velocity content, represents the Company's first direct-to-consumer opportunity in the U.S. Discovery has a 67.5% ownership interest in the new joint venture. The joint venture is controlled and consolidated by Discovery. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Target viewers are adults aged 25-54, particularly men.
U.S. NETWORKS
U.S. Networks generated revenues of $ 3.4 billion and adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization ("Adjusted OIBDA") of $2.0 billion during 2017 , which represented 50% and 80% of our total consolidated revenues and Adjusted OIBDA, respectively. Our U.S. Networks segment owns and operates 11 national television networks, including fully distributed television networks such as Discovery Channel, TLC and Animal Planet.
U.S. Networks generates revenues from fees charged to distributors of our television networks’ first run content, which include cable, DTH satellite and telecommunication service providers, referred to as affiliate fees; fees from distributors for licensed content and content to equity method investee networks, referred to as other distribution revenue; fees from advertising sold on our television networks and digital products, which includes our GO suite of TVE applications and our virtual reality product, Discovery VR; fees from providing sales representation, network distribution services; and revenue from licensing our brands for consumer products. During 2017, distribution, advertising and other revenues were 47% , 51% and 2% , respectively, of total net revenues for this segment.
Typically, our television networks are aired pursuant to multi-year carriage agreements that provide for the level of carriage that our networks will receive and for annual graduated rate increases. Carriage of our networks depends on package inclusion, such as whether networks are on the more widely distributed, broader packages or lesser-distributed, specialized packages, also referred to as digital tiers. We provide authenticated U.S. TV Everywhere products that are available to certain subscribers and connect viewers through GO applications with live and on-demand access to award-winning shows and series from 10 U.S. networks in the Discovery portfolio: Discovery Channel, TLC, Animal Planet, ID, Science Channel, Velocity, Discovery Family Channel, Destination America, American Heroes Channel ("AHC") and Discovery Life. The Oprah Winfrey Network ("OWN"), a consolidated subsidiary as of November 30, 2017, is currently on the Watch OWN application. During 2017, we achieved incremental increases in U.S. digital platform consumption. We also provide our networks to consumers as part of subscription-based over-the-top services provided by DirectTV Now, Sony Vue and Philo.
Advertising revenue is generated across multiple platforms and is based on the price received for available advertising spots and is dependent upon a number of factors including the number of subscribers to our channels, viewership demographics, the popularity of our programming, our ability to sell commercial time over a portfolio of channels and leverage multiple platforms to connect advertisers to target audiences. In the U.S., advertising time is sold in the upfront and scatter markets. In the upfront market, advertisers buy advertising time for upcoming seasons and, by committing to purchase in advance, lock in the advertising rates they will pay for the upcoming year. Many upfront advertising commitments include options whereby advertisers may reduce purchase commitments. In the scatter market, advertisers buy advertising closer to the time when the commercials will be run, which often results in a pricing premium compared to the upfront rates. The mix of upfront and scatter market advertising time sold is based upon the economic conditions at the time that upfront sales take place, impacting the sell-out levels management is willing

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or able to obtain. The demand in the scatter market then impacts the pricing achieved for our remaining advertising inventory. Scatter market pricing can vary from upfront pricing and can be volatile.
In addition to the global networks described in the overview section above, we operate networks in the U.S. that utilize the following brands:

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OWN reached approximately 76 million subscribers in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017 .
OWN is the first and only network named for, and inspired by, a single iconic leader. OWN is a leading destination for premium scripted and unscripted programming from today's most innovative storytellers, including award-winning filmmaker Ava DuVernay ( Queen Sugar ), writers/producers Mara Brock Akil and Salim Akil ( Love Is__ ), and upcoming projects from Academy Award-winning writer Tarell Alvin McCraney and Emmy Award-nominated producer/writer Will Packer.
Target viewers are African-American women aged 25-54 .
On  November 30, 2017 , the Company acquired from Harpo, Inc. ("Harpo") a controlling interest in OWN, increasing Discovery’s ownership stake from 49.50% to 73.99% . OWN is a pay-TV network and website that provides adult lifestyle and entertainment content, which is focused on African Americans. As a result of the transaction on November 30, 2017 , the accounting for OWN was changed from an equity method investment to a consolidated subsidiary.



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We have a 60% controlling financial interest in Discovery Family and account for it as a consolidated subsidiary. Hasbro, Inc. ("Hasbro") owns the remaining 40% of Discovery Family.
Discovery Family reached approximately 58 million subscribers in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017 .
Discovery Family reached approximately 8 million viewers in international markets as of December 31, 2017 .
Discovery Family is programmed with a mix of original series, family-friendly movies, and programming from Discovery’s nonfiction library and Hasbro Studios’ popular animation franchises.
Content on Discovery Family includes My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic and Equestria Girls, Zak Storm, Littlest Pet Shop , lifestyle programming and family-friendly movies.
Target viewers are children aged 2-11, family inclusive and adults aged 25-54.

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AHC reached approximately 51 million subscribers in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017 . AHC also reached approximately 1 million subscribers through a licensing arrangement with partners in Canada included in the U.S. Networks segment as of December 31, 2017.
AHC provides a rare glimpse into major events that shaped our world, visionary leaders and unexpected heroes who made a difference, and the great defenders of our freedom.
Content on AHC includes Gunslingers , Apocalypse WWI and America: Fact vs. Fiction .
Target viewers are adults aged 35-64, particularly men.


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Destination America reached approximately 48 million subscribers in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017 .
Destination America celebrates the people, places and stories of the United States, showcasing programming about myths, legends, food, adventure, natural history, and iconic landscapes from Alaska to Appalachia.
Content on Destination America includes Ghosts of Shepherdstown, Haunted Towns, Paranormal Lockdown, Mountain Monsters, A Haunting and Ghost Brothers .
Target viewers are adults aged 18-54.


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Discovery Life reached approximately 46 million subscribers in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017 .
Discovery Life reached approximately 8 million subscribers in international markets as of December 31, 2017 .
Discovery Life entertains viewers with gripping, real-life dramas, featuring storytelling that chronicles the human experience from cradle to grave, including forensic mysteries, amazing medical stories, emergency room trauma, baby and pregnancy programming, parenting challenges, and stories of extreme life conditions.
Content on Discovery Life includes Untold Stories of the E.R., Body Bizarre, My Strange Addiction, Emergency 24/7 and Diagnose Me.
Target viewers are adults aged 25-54.


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INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS
International Networks generated revenues of $3.3 billion and Adjusted OIBDA of $859 million during 2017 , which represented 48% and 34% of our total consolidated revenues and Adjusted OIBDA, respectively. Our International Networks segment principally consists of national and pan-regional television networks and brands that are delivered across multiple distribution platforms. This segment generates revenue from operations in virtually every pay-TV market in the world through an infrastructure that includes operational centers in London, Warsaw, Milan, Singapore and Miami. Global brands include Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, TLC, ID, Science Channel and Turbo (known as Velocity in the U.S.), along with brands exclusive to International Networks, including Eurosport, Discovery Kids, DMAX and Discovery Home & Health. As of December 31, 2017 , International Networks operated over 400 unique distribution feeds in over 40 languages with channel feeds customized according to language needs and advertising sales opportunities. International Networks also has FTA networks in Europe and the Middle East and broadcast networks in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and continues to pursue further international expansion. FTA and broadcast networks generate a significant portion of International Networks' revenue. The penetration and growth rates of television services vary across countries and territories depending on numerous factors including the dominance of different television platforms in local markets. While pay-TV services have greater penetration in certain markets, FTA or broadcast television is dominant in others. International Networks has a large international distribution platform for its 37 networks, with as many as 14 networks distributed in any particular country or territory across approximately 220 countries and territories around the world. International Networks pursues distribution across all television platforms based on the specific dynamics of local markets and relevant commercial agreements.
Effective January 1, 2018, we realigned our International Networks management reporting structure. The table below represents the reporting structures during the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Reporting Structure effective January 1, 2018
 
Reporting Structure effective January 1, 2017
 
Reporting Structure effective January 1, 2015
Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"), includes the former CEEMEA, Southern Europe, Nordics and the U.K. Additionally, the grouping includes Australia and New Zealand, previously included as part of Asia-Pacific
 
CEEMEA, expanded to include Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg
 
Central and Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa ("CEEMEA"), included Germany, Switzerland and Austria
 
 
Nordics
 
Northern Europe included the Nordics, U.K, Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg
 
 
U.K.
 
 
 
Southern Europe
 
Southern Europe
Latin America
 
Latin America
 
Latin America
Asia-Pacific now excludes Australia and New Zealand
 
Asia-Pacific
 
Asia-Pacific

In addition to the global networks described in the overview section above, we operate networks internationally that utilize the following brands:

EUROSPORTLOGO.JPG
Eurosport is the leading sports entertainment provider across Europe with the following TV brands: Eurosport 1, Eurosport 2 and Eurosport News, reaching viewers across Europe and Asia, as well as Eurosport Digital, which includes Eurosport Player and Eurosport.com.
Subscribers reached by each brand as of December 31, 2017 were as follows: Eurosport 1: 154 million ; Eurosport 2: 82 million ; and Eurosport News: 6 million .

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Eurosport telecasts live sporting events with both local and pan-regional appeal and its events focus on winter sports, cycling and tennis, including the Tour de France and it is the home of Grand Slam tennis with all four tournaments. Important local sports rights include Bundesliga and MotoGP. In addition, Eurosport has increasingly invested in more exclusive and localized rights to drive local audience and commercial relevance.
We have acquired the exclusive broadcast rights across all media platforms throughout Europe for the four Olympic Games between 2018 and 2024 for €1.3 billion ( $1.5 billion as of December 31, 2017 ). The broadcast rights exclude France for the Olympic Games in 2018 and 2020, and exclude Russia. In addition to FTA broadcasts for the Olympic Games, many of these events are set to air on Eurosport's pay-TV platforms, and every minute of the Olympic Games will be available exclusively on the Eurosport Player, the network’s direct-to-consumer streaming service.
On November 2, 2016, we announced a long-term agreement and joint venture partnership with BAMTech ("MLBAM") a technology services and video streaming company, and subsidiary of Major League Baseball's digital business, that includes the formation of BamTech Europe, a joint venture that will provide digital technology services to a broad set of both sports and entertainment clients across Europe.



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As of December 31, 2017 , DMAX reached approximately 102 million viewers through FTA networks, according to internal estimates.
DMAX is a men’s factual entertainment channel in Asia and Europe.



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Discovery Kids reached approximately 122 million viewers, according to internal estimates, as of December 31, 2017 .
Discovery Kids is a leading children's network in Latin America and Asia.


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Our International Networks segment also owns and operates the following regional television networks, which reached the following number of subscribers and viewers via pay and FTA or broadcast networks, respectively, as of December 31, 2017 :  
 
 
Television Service
 
International
Subscribers/Viewers
(millions)
 
Quest
 
FTA
 
66
 
Dsport
 
FTA
 
43
 
Nordic broadcast networks (a)
 
Broadcast
 
34
 
Quest Red
 
FTA
 
27
 
Giallo
 
FTA
 
25
 
Frisbee
 
FTA
 
25
 
Focus
 
FTA
 
25
 
K2
 
FTA
 
25
 
Nove
 
FTA
 
25
 
Discovery HD World
 
Pay
 
17
 
DKISS
 
Pay
 
15
 
Shed
 
Pay
 
12
 
Discovery HD Theater
 
Pay
 
11
 
Discovery History
 
Pay
 
10
 
Discovery Civilization
 
Pay
 
8
 
Discovery World
 
Pay
 
6
 
Discovery en Espanol (U.S.)
 
Pay
 
6
 
Discovery Familia (U.S.)
 
Pay
 
6
 
Discovery Historia
 
Pay
 
6
 
(a) Number of subscribers corresponds to the sum of the subscribers to each of the Nordic broadcast networks in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark subject to retransmission agreements with pay-TV providers. The Nordic broadcast networks include Kanal 5, Kanal 9, and Kanal 11 in Sweden, TV Norge, MAX, FEM and VOX in Norway, TV 5, Kutonen, and Frii in Finland, and Kanal 4, Kanal 5, 6'eren, and Canal 9 in Denmark.

Similar to U.S. Networks, a significant source of revenue for International Networks relates to fees charged to operators who distribute our linear networks. Such operators primarily include cable and DTH satellite service providers, internet protocol television ("IPTV") and over-the-top operators ("OTT"). International television markets vary in their stages of development. Some markets, such as the U.K., are more advanced digital television markets, while others remain in the analog environment with varying degrees of investment from operators to expand channel capacity or convert to digital technologies. Common practice in international markets results in long-term contractual distribution relationships with terms generally shorter than similar customers in the U.S. Distribution revenue for our International Networks segment is largely dependent on the number of subscribers that receive our networks or content, the rates negotiated in the distributor agreements, and the market demand for the content that we provide.
The other significant source of revenue for International Networks relates to advertising sold on our television networks and across other distribution platforms, similar to U.S. Networks. Advertising revenue is dependent upon a number of factors, including the development of pay and FTA television markets, the number of subscribers to and viewers of our channels, viewership demographics, the popularity of our programming, and our ability to sell commercial time over all media platforms. In certain markets, our advertising sales business operates with in-house sales teams, while we rely on external sales representation services in other markets.
During 2017 , distribution, advertising and other revenues were 57% , 41% and 2%, respectively, of total net revenues for this segment. While the Company has traditionally operated cable networks, in recent years an increasing portion of the Company's international advertising revenue is generated by FTA or broadcast networks, unlike U.S. Networks. During 2017 , FTA or broadcast networks generated 54% of International Networks' advertising revenue and pay-TV networks generated 46% of International Networks' advertising revenue.
International Networks' largest cost is content expense for localized programming disseminated via more than 400 unique distribution feeds. While our International Networks segment maximizes the use of programming from U.S. Networks, we also develop local programming that is tailored to individual market preferences and license the rights to air films, television series and

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sporting events from third parties. International Networks amortizes the cost of capitalized content rights based on the proportion of current estimated revenues relative to the estimated remaining total lifetime revenues, which results in either an accelerated method or a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the content of up to five years. Content acquired from U.S. Networks and content developed locally airing on the same network is amortized similarly, as amortization rates vary by network. More than half of International Networks' content is amortized using an accelerated amortization method, while the remainder is amortized on a straight-line basis. The costs for multi-year sports programming arrangements are expensed when the event is broadcast based on the estimated relative value of each component of the arrangement.
While International Networks and U.S. Networks have similarities with respect to the nature of operations, the generation of revenue and the categories of expense, International Networks have a lower segment margin due to lower economies of scale from being in over 220 markets requiring additional cost for localization to satisfy market variations.  International Networks also include sports and FTA broadcast channels, which drive higher costs from sports rights and production and investment in broad entertainment programming for broadcast networks.
On June 23, 2016, the U.K. held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the European Union (“E.U.”), commonly referred to as “Brexit.” After a preliminary phase of negotiations towards the end of 2017, the U.K. government and the E.U. will in 2018 negotiate the main principles of the U.K.’s future relationship with the E.U., as well as a transitional period. Brexit may have an adverse impact on advertising, subscribers, distributors and employees, as described in Item 1A, Risk Factors, below. We continue to monitor the situation and plan for potential effects to our distribution and licensing agreements, unusual foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and changes to the legal and regulatory landscape.
EDUCATION AND OTHER
Education and Other generated revenues of $ 158 million during 2017 , which represented 2% of our total consolidated revenues. Education is comprised of curriculum-based product and service offerings and generates revenues primarily from subscriptions charged to K-12 schools for access to an online suite of curriculum-based VOD tools, professional development services, digital textbooks and, to a lesser extent, student assessments and publication of hard copy curriculum-based content. Other is comprised of our wholly-owned production studio, which provides services to our U.S. Networks and International Networks segments at cost.
On February 26, 2018 , the Company announced the planned sale of a controlling equity stake in its education business in the first half of 2018, to Francisco Partners for cash of $120 million . No loss is expected upon sale. The Company will retain an equity interest. Additionally, the Company will have ongoing license agreements which are considered to be at fair value. As of December 31, 2017, the Company determined that the education business did not meet the held for sale criteria, as defined in GAAP as management had not committed to a plan to sell the assets.
On April 28, 2017 , the Company sold Raw and Betty to All3Media. All3Media is a U.K. based television, film and digital production and distribution company. The Company owns 50% of All3Media and accounts for its investment in All3Media under the equity method of accounting. Raw and Betty were components of the studios operating segment reported with Education and Other.
On November 12, 2015, we paid $195 million to acquire 5 million shares, or approximately 3% , of Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. ("Lionsgate"), an entertainment company involved in the production of movies and television which is accounted for as an available-for-sale ("AFS") security. During 2016 , we determined that the decline in value of our investment in Lionsgate is other-than-temporary in nature and, as such, the cost basis was adjusted to the fair value of the investment as of September 30, 2016. (See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
CONTENT DEVELOPMENT
Our content development strategy is designed to increase viewership, maintain innovation and quality leadership, and provide value for our network distributors and advertising customers. Our content is sourced from a wide range of third-party producers, which include some of the world’s leading nonfiction production companies, as well as independent producers and wholly-owned production studios.
Our production arrangements fall into three categories: produced, coproduced and licensed. Produced content includes content that we engage third parties or wholly owned production studios to develop and produce. We retain editorial control and own most or all of the rights, in exchange for paying all development and production costs. Production of digital-first content such as virtual reality and short-form video is typically done through wholly-owned production studios. Coproduced content refers to program rights on which we have collaborated with third parties to finance and develop either because at times world-wide rights are not available for acquisition or we save costs by collaborating with third parties. Licensed content is comprised of films or

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series that have been produced by third parties. Payments for sports rights made in advance of the event are recognized as prepaid content license assets.
International Networks maximizes the use of content from our U.S. Networks. Our non-fiction content tends to be culturally neutral and maintains its relevance for an extended period of time. As a result, a significant amount of our non-fiction content translates well across international borders and is made even more accessible through extensive use of dubbing and subtitles in local languages. Our content can be re-edited and updated in a cost-effective manner to provide topical versions of subject matter that can be utilized around the world. International Networks executes a localization strategy by offering content from U.S. Networks, customized content and localized schedules via our distribution feeds. While our International Networks segment maximizes the use of content from U.S. Networks, we also develop local content that is tailored to individual market preferences and license the rights to air films, television series and sporting events from third-party producers.
Our largest single cost is content expense, which includes content amortization, content impairment and production costs for programming. We amortize the cost of capitalized content rights based on the proportion that the current year's estimated revenues bear to the estimated remaining total lifetime revenues, which normally results in an accelerated amortization method over the estimated useful lives. However, certain networks also utilize a straight-line method of amortization over the estimated useful lives of the content. Content is amortized primarily over periods of three to four years. The costs for multi-year sports programming arrangements are expensed when the event is broadcast based on the estimated relative value of each season in the arrangement. Content assets are reviewed for impairment when impairment indicators are present, such as low viewership or limited expected use. Impairment losses are recorded for content asset carrying value in excess of net realizable value.
REVENUES
We generate revenues principally from fees charged to operators who distribute our network content, which primarily include cable, DTH satellite, telecommunication and digital service providers and advertising sold on our networks and digital products. Other transactions include curriculum-based products and services, affiliate and advertising sales representation services, production of content, content licenses and the licensing of our brands for consumer products. During 2017 , distribution, advertising and other revenues were 51% , 44% and 5% , respectively, of consolidated revenues. No individual customer represented more than 10% of our total consolidated revenues for 2017 , 2016 or 2015 .
Distribution
Distribution revenue includes fees charged for the right to view Discovery's network branded content made available to customers through a variety of distribution platforms and viewing devices. The largest component of distribution revenue is comprised of linear distribution services for rights to our networks from cable, DTH satellite and telecommunication service providers. We have contracts with distributors representing most cable and satellite service providers around the world, including the largest operators in the U.S. and major international distributors. Typically, our television networks are aired pursuant to multi-year carriage agreements that provide for the level of carriage that Discovery’s networks will receive, and, if applicable, for scheduled graduated annual rate increases. Carriage of our networks depends upon package inclusion, such as whether networks are on the more widely distributed, broader packages or lesser-distributed, specialized packages. Distribution revenues are largely dependent on the rates negotiated in the agreements, the number of subscribers that receive our networks or content, the number of platforms covered in the distribution agreement, and the market demand for the content that we provide. From time to time, renewals of multi-year carriage agreements include significant initial year one market adjustments to re-set subscriber rates, which then increase at rates lower than the initial increase in the following years. We have provided distributors launch incentives, in the form of cash payments or free periods, to carry our networks.
In the U.S., more than 90% of distribution revenues come from the top 10 distributors, with whom we have agreements that expire at various times from 2018 through 2021 . Outside of the U.S., approximately 42% of distribution revenue comes from the top 10 distributors. Distribution fees are typically collected ratably throughout the year. International television markets vary in their stages of development. Some are more advanced digital multi-channel television markets, while others operate in the analog environment with varying degrees of investment from distributors in expanding channel capacity or converting to digital.
Distribution revenue also includes fees charged for bulk content arrangements and other subscription services for episodic content. These digital distribution revenues are impacted by the quantity, as well as the quality, of the content Discovery provides.
Advertising
Our advertising revenue is generated across multiple platforms and consists of consumer advertising, which is sold primarily on a national basis in the U.S. and on a pan-regional or local-language feed basis outside the U.S. Advertising contracts generally have a term of one year or less.

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In the U.S., we sell advertising time in the upfront and scatter markets. In the upfront market, advertisers buy advertising time for the upcoming season and by purchasing in advance often receive discounted rates. In the scatter market, advertisers buy advertising time close to the time when the commercials will be run and often pay a premium. The mix between the upfront and scatter markets is based upon a number of factors, such as pricing, demand for advertising time and economic conditions. Outside the U.S., advertisers typically buy advertising closer to the time when the commercials will be run. In developing pay-TV markets, we expect advertising revenue growth will result from subscriber growth, our localization strategy, and the shift of advertising spending from broadcast to pay-TV. In mature markets, such as the U.S. and Western Europe, high proportions of market penetration and distribution are unlikely to drive rapid revenue growth. Instead, growth in advertising sales comes from increasing viewership and pricing and launching new services, either in pay-TV, broadcast, or FTA television environments.
Advertising revenue is dependent upon a number of factors, including the stage of development of television markets, the popularity of FTA television, the number of subscribers to our channels, viewership demographics, the popularity of our content and our ability to sell commercial time over a group of channels. Revenue from advertising is subject to seasonality, market-based variations and general economic conditions. Advertising revenue is typically highest in the second and fourth quarters. In some cases, advertising sales are subject to ratings guarantees that require us to provide additional advertising time if the guaranteed audience levels are not achieved.
We also generate revenue from the sale of advertising through our digital products on a stand-alone basis and as part of advertising packages with our television networks.
Other
We also generate income associated with curriculum-based products and services, the licensing of our brands for consumer products and third-party content sales, and content production from our production studios.
COMPETITION
Providing content across various distribution platforms is a highly competitive business worldwide. We experience competition for the development and acquisition of content, distribution of our content, sale of commercial time on our networks and viewership. There is competition from other production studios, other television networks, and the internet for the acquisition of content and creative talent such as writers, producers and directors. In certain instances, internet competitors have been able to acquire content at more competitive prices since content ownership may benefit their business in other ways. Our ability to produce and acquire popular content is an important competitive factor for the distribution of our content, attracting viewers and the sale of advertising. Our success in securing popular content and creative talent depends on various factors such as the number of competitors providing content that targets the same genre and audience, the distribution of our content, viewership, and the production, marketing and advertising support we provide.
Our networks compete with other television networks, including broadcast, cable and local, for the distribution of our content and fees charged to cable television operators, DTH satellite service providers, and other distributors that carry our content. Our ability to secure distribution agreements is necessary to ensure the retention of our audiences. Our contractual agreements with distributors are renewed or renegotiated from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Growth in the number of networks distributed, consolidation and other market conditions in the cable and satellite distribution industry, and increased popularity of other platforms may adversely affect our ability to obtain and maintain contractual terms for the distribution of our content that are as favorable as those currently in place. The ability to secure distribution agreements is dependent upon the production, acquisition and packaging of original content, viewership, the marketing and advertising support and incentives provided to distributors, the product offering across a series of networks within a region, and the prices charged for carriage.
Our networks and digital products compete with other television networks, including broadcast, cable, local networks and other content distribution outlets for their target audiences and the sale of advertising. Our success in selling advertising is a function of the size and demographics of our audiences, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the audience of each network, the perceived quality of the network and of the particular content, the brand appeal of the network and ratings as determined by third-party research companies, prices charged for advertising and overall advertiser demand in the marketplace.
Our education business competes with other providers of curriculum-based products and services to schools. Our production studios compete with other production and media companies for talent.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our intellectual property assets include copyrights in content, trademarks in brands, names and logos, websites, and licenses of intellectual property rights from third parties.

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We are fundamentally a content company and the protection of our brands and content is of primary importance. To protect our intellectual property assets, we rely upon a combination of copyright, trademark, unfair competition, trade secret and Internet/domain name statutes and laws, and contract provisions. However, there can be no assurance of the degree to which these measures will be successful. Moreover, effective intellectual property protection may be either unavailable or limited in certain foreign territories. Policing unauthorized use of our products and services and related intellectual property is difficult and costly. We seek to limit unauthorized use of our intellectual property through a combination of approaches. However, the steps taken to prevent the infringement of our intellectual property by unauthorized third parties may not work.
Third parties may challenge the validity or scope of our intellectual property from time to time, and the success of any such challenges could result in the limitation or loss of intellectual property rights. Irrespective of their validity, such claims may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources which could have an adverse effect on our operations. In addition, piracy, which encompasses the theft of our signal, and unauthorized use of our content, in the digital environment continues to present a threat to revenues from products and services based on our intellectual property.
REGULATORY MATTERS
Our businesses are subject to and affected by regulations of U.S. federal, state and local government authorities, and our international operations are subject to laws and regulations of the countries and international bodies, such as the E.U., in which we operate. Content networks, such as those owned by us, are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) in certain respects if they are affiliated with a cable television operator. Other FCC regulations, although imposed on cable television operators and direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") operators, affect content networks indirectly. The rules, regulations, policies and procedures affecting our businesses are constantly subject to change. These descriptions are summary in nature and do not purport to describe all present and proposed laws and regulations affecting our businesses.
Program Access
The FCC’s program access rules prevent a satellite or cable content vendor in which a cable operator has an “attributable” ownership interest from discriminating against unaffiliated multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”), such as cable and DBS operators, in the rates, terms and conditions for the sale or delivery of content. These rules also permit MVPDs to initiate complaints to the FCC against content networks if an MVPD claims it is unable to obtain rights to carry the content network on nondiscriminatory rates, terms or conditions. The FCC allowed a previous blanket prohibition on exclusive arrangements with cable operators to expire in October 2012, but will consider case-by-case complaints that exclusive contracts between cable operators and cable-affiliated programmers significantly hinder or prevent an unaffiliated MVPD from providing satellite or cable programming.
“Must-Carry”/Retransmission Consent
The Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 (the “Act”) imposes “must-carry” regulations on cable systems, requiring them to carry the signals of most local broadcast television stations in their market. DBS systems are also subject to their own must-carry rules. The FCC’s implementation of “must-carry” obligations requires cable operators and DBS providers to give broadcasters preferential access to channel space. This reduces the amount of channel space that is available for carriage of our networks by cable and DBS operators. The Act also established retransmission consent, which refers to a broadcaster’s right to require MVPDs, such as cable and satellite operators, to obtain the broadcaster's consent before distributing the broadcaster's signal to the MVPDs' subscribers. Broadcasters have traditionally used the resulting leverage from demand for their must-have broadcast content to obtain carriage for their affiliated networks. Increasingly, broadcasters are additionally seeking substantial monetary compensation for granting carriage rights for their must-have broadcast content. Such increased financial demands on distributors reduce the content funds available for independent programmers not affiliated with broadcasters, such as us.
Closed Captioning and Advertising Restrictions
Certain of our networks must provide closed-captioning of content. Our content and digital products intended primarily for children 12 years of age and under must comply with certain limits on advertising, and commercials embedded in our networks’ content stream adhere to certain standards for ensuring that those commercials are not transmitted at louder volumes than our program material. The 21 st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 requires us to provide closed captioning on certain IP-delivered video content that we offer.
Obscenity Restrictions
Network distributors are prohibited from transmitting obscene content, and our affiliation agreements generally require us to refrain from including such content on our networks.

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Violent Programming
In 2007, the FCC issued a report on violence in programing that recommended Congress prohibit the availability of violent programming, including cable programming, during hours when children are likely to be watching. Recent events have led to a renewed interest by some members of Congress in the alleged effects of violent programming, which could lead to a renewal of interest in limiting the availability of such programming or prohibiting it.
Regulation of the Internet
We operate several digital products and websites that we use to distribute information about our programs and to offer consumers the opportunity to purchase consumer products and services. Internet services are now subject to regulation in the U.S. relating to the privacy and security of personally identifiable user information and acquisition of personal information from children under 13, including the federal Children's Online Privacy Protection Act and the federal Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act. In addition, a majority of states have enacted laws that impose data security and security breach obligations. Additional federal and state laws and regulations may be adopted with respect to the Internet or other on-line services, covering such issues as user privacy, child safety, data security, advertising, pricing, content, copyrights and trademarks, access by persons with disabilities, distribution, taxation and characteristics and quality of products and services. In addition, to the extent we offer products and services to on-line consumers outside the U.S., the laws and regulations of foreign jurisdictions, including, without limitation, consumer protection, privacy, advertising, data retention, intellectual property, and content limitations, may impose additional compliance obligations on us.
Foreign Laws and Regulations
The foreign jurisdictions in which our networks are offered have, in varying degrees, laws and regulations governing our businesses.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2017 , we had approximately 7,000 employees, including full-time and part-time employees of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and consolidated ventures.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
All of our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K, and all amendments to such filings are available free of charge at the investor relations section of our website, www.discoverycommunications.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Our annual report, corporate governance guidelines, code of business ethics, audit committee charter, compensation committee charter, and nominating and corporate governance committee charter are also available on our website. In addition, we will provide a printed copy of any of these documents, free of charge, upon written request to: Investor Relations, Discovery Communications, Inc., 850 Third Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10022-7225. Additionally, the SEC maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains quarterly, annual and current reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including the Company. The public may also read and copy any materials that the Company files with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
The information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.
Investing in our securities involves risk. In addition to the other information contained in this report, you should consider the following risk factors before investing in our securities.
Risks Related to Our Business
There has been a shift in consumer behavior as a result of technological innovations and changes in the distribution of content, which may affect our viewership and the profitability of our business in unpredictable ways.
Technology and business models in our industry continue to evolve rapidly. Consumer behavior related to changes in content distribution and technological innovation affect our economic model and viewership in ways that are not entirely predictable.

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Consumers are increasingly viewing content on a time-delayed or on-demand basis from traditional distributors and from connected apps and websites and on a wide variety of screens, such as televisions, tablets, mobile phones and other devices. Additionally, devices that allow users to view television programs on a time-shifted basis and technologies that enable users to fast-forward or skip programming, including commercials, such as DVRs and portable digital devices and systems that enable users to store or make portable copies of content may affect the attractiveness of our offerings to advertisers and could therefore adversely affect our revenues. There is increased demand for short-form, user-generated and interactive content, which have different economic models than our traditional content offerings. Likewise, distributors are offering smaller programming packages known as “skinny bundles,” which are delivered at a lower cost than traditional offerings and sometimes allow consumers to create a customized package of networks, that are gaining popularity among consumers. If our networks are not included in these packages or consumers favor alternative offerings, we may experience a decline in viewership and ultimately the demand for our programming, which could lead to lower distribution and advertising revenues. We have also seen declines in subscribers to the traditional cable bundle. In 2017, total U.S. Networks portfolio subscribers declined 5% while subscribers to our fully distributed networks declined 3% for the same period. Each distribution model has different risks and economic consequences for us, so the rapid evolution of consumer preferences may have an economic impact that is not completely predictable. Distribution windows are also evolving, potentially affecting revenues from other windows. If we cannot ensure that our distribution methods and content are responsive to our target audiences, our business could be adversely affected.
Consolidation among cable and satellite providers, both domestically and internationally, could have an adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
Consolidation among cable and satellite operators has given the largest operators considerable leverage in their relationships with programmers, including us. In the U.S., approximately 90% of our distribution revenues come from the top 10 distributors. For the International Networks segment, approximately 42% of distribution revenue comes from the 10 largest distributors. We currently have agreements in place with the major cable and satellite operators in U.S. Networks and International Networks which expire at various times through 2021. Some of our largest distributors have combined, and as a result, have gained, or may gain, market power, which could affect our ability to maximize the value of our content through those platforms. In addition, many of the countries and territories in which we distribute our networks also have a small number of dominant distributors. Continued consolidation within the industry could reduce the number of distributors to carry our programming, subject our affiliate fee revenue to greater volume discounts, and further increase the negotiating leverage of the cable and satellite television system operators which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
The success of our business depends on the acceptance of our entertainment content by our U.S. and foreign viewers, which may be unpredictable and volatile.
The production and distribution of entertainment content are inherently risky businesses because the revenue we derive and our ability to distribute our content depend primarily on consumer tastes and preferences that often change in unpredictable ways. Our success depends on our ability to consistently create and acquire content that meets the changing preferences of viewers in general, in special interest groups, in specific demographic categories and in various international marketplaces. As the home of the Olympic Games in Europe until 2024, we have been developing and innovating new forms of content in connection with the Olympic Games. Our success with the Olympics depends on audience acceptance of this content. If viewers do not find our Olympic Games content acceptable, we could see low viewership, which could lead to low distribution and advertising revenues.
The commercial success of our content also depends upon the quality and acceptance of competing content available in the applicable marketplace. Other factors, including the availability of alternative forms of entertainment and leisure time activities, general economic conditions, piracy, and growing competition for consumer discretionary spending may also affect the audience for our content. Audience sizes for our media networks are critical factors affecting both the volume and pricing of advertising revenue that we receive, and the extent of distribution and the license fees we receive under agreements with our distributors. Consequently, reduced public acceptance of our entertainment content may decrease our audience share and adversely affect our results of operations.
As a company that has operations in the United Kingdom, the vote by the United Kingdom to leave the E.U. could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial position.
    
On June 23, 2016, the U.K. held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the European Union (“E.U.”), commonly referred to as “Brexit.” As a result of the referendum, the British government has begun negotiating the terms of the U.K.’s future relationship with the E.U. The effects of Brexit will depend on any agreements the U.K. makes to retain access to the E.U. markets either during a transitional period or more permanently. The measures could potentially disrupt the markets we serve and may cause us to lose subscribers, distributors and employees. If the U.K. loses access to the single E.U. market and the global trade deals negotiated by the E.U., it could have a detrimental impact on our U.K. growth. Such a decline could also make

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our doing business in Europe more difficult, which could delay and reduce the scope our distribution and licensing agreements. Without access to the single E.U. market, it may be more challenging and costly to obtain intellectual property rights for our content within the U.K. or distribute our services in Europe. In addition, Brexit could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the U.K. determines which E.U. laws to replace and replicate. If there are changes to U.K. immigration policy as a result of Brexit, this could affect our employees and their ability to move freely between the E.U. member states for work-related matters.
Foreign exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect our operating results and financial conditions.
We have significant operations in a number of foreign jurisdictions and certain of our operations are conducted and certain of our debt obligations are denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we have exposure to foreign currency risk as we enter into transactions and make investments denominated in multiple currencies. The value of these currencies fluctuates relative to the U.S. dollar. Our consolidated financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, and to prepare those financial statements we must translate the amounts of the assets, liabilities, net sales, other revenues and expenses of our operations outside of the U.S. from local currencies into U.S. dollars using exchange rates for the current period. As we have expanded our international operations, our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations has increased. This increased exposure could have an adverse effect on our reported results of operations and net asset balances. There is no assurance that downward trending currencies will rebound or that stable currencies will remain unchanged in any period or for any specific market.
Our businesses operate in highly competitive industries.
The entertainment and media programming industries in which we operate are highly competitive. We compete with other programming networks for distribution, viewers and advertising. We also compete for viewers with other forms of media entertainment, such as home video, movies, periodicals, on-line and mobile activities. In particular, websites and search engines have seen significant advertising growth, a portion of which has moved from traditional cable network and satellite advertisers. Businesses, including ours, that offer multiple services, or that may be vertically integrated and offer both video distribution and programming content, may face closer regulatory review from the competition authorities in the countries in which we currently have operations. If our distributors have to pay higher rates to holders of sports broadcasting rights, it might be difficult for us to negotiate higher rates for distribution of our networks. Our commerce business competes against a wide range of competitive retailers selling similar products. The ability of our businesses to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including our ability to consistently supply high quality and popular content, access our niche viewership with appealing category-specific content, adapt to new technologies and distribution platforms and achieve widespread distribution. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in the future against existing or new competitors, or that increasing competition will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Failure to renew, renewal with less favorable terms, or termination of our affiliation agreements may cause a decline in our revenue.
Because our networks are licensed on a wholesale basis to distributors, such as cable and satellite operators, which in turn distribute them to consumers, we are dependent upon the maintenance of affiliation agreements with these operators. These affiliation agreements generally provide for the level of carriage our networks will receive, such as channel placement and programming package inclusion (widely distributed, broader programming packages compared to lesser distributed, specialized programming packages) and for payment of a license fee to us based on the number of subscribers that receive our networks. While the number of subscribers associated with our networks impacts our ability to generate advertising revenue, these per subscriber payments also represent a significant portion of our revenue. Our affiliation agreements generally have a limited term which varies by market and distributor, and there can be no assurance that these affiliation agreements will be renewed in the future, or renewed on terms that are favorable to us. A reduction in the license fees that we receive per subscriber or in the number of subscribers for which we are paid, including as a result of a loss or reduction in carriage for our networks, could adversely affect our distribution revenue. Such a loss or reduction in carriage could also decrease the potential audience for our programs thereby adversely affecting our advertising revenue. In addition, our affiliation agreements are complex and individually negotiated. If we were to disagree with one of our counterparties on the interpretation of an affiliation agreement, our relationship with that counterparty could be damaged and our business could be negatively affected.
Interpretation of some terms of our distribution agreements may have an adverse effect on the distribution payments we receive under those agreements.
Some of our distribution agreements contain “most favored nation” clauses. These clauses typically provide that if we enter into an agreement with another distributor which contains certain more favorable terms, we must offer some of those terms to our existing distributors. We have entered into a number of distribution agreements with terms that differ in some respects from those contained in other agreements. While we believe that we have appropriately complied with the most favored nation clauses included in our distribution agreements, these agreements are complex and other parties could reach a different conclusion that, if correct, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

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We face cybersecurity and similar risks, which could result in the disclosure of confidential information, disruption of our programming services, damage to our brands and reputation, legal exposure and financial losses.
Our on-line, mobile and app offerings, as well as our internal systems, involve the storage and transmission of proprietary information, and we and our partners rely on various technology systems in connection with the production and distribution of our programming. Our systems may be breached due to employee error, malicious code, hacking and phishing attacks, or otherwise. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or users to disclose sensitive or confidential information in order to gain access to data. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any such breach or unauthorized access could result in a loss of our proprietary information, which may include user data, a disruption of our services or a reduction of the revenues we are able to generate from such services, damage to our brands and reputation, a loss of confidence in the security of our offerings and services, and significant legal and financial exposure, each of which could potentially have an adverse effect on our business.
Our equity method and cost method investments' financial performance may differ from current estimates.
We have equity investments in several entities and the accounting treatment applied for these investments varies depending on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, our percentage ownership and the level of influence or control we have over the relevant entity. Any losses experienced by these entities could adversely impact our results of operations and the value of our investment. In addition, if these entities were to fail and cease operations, we may lose the entire value of our investment and the stream of any shared profits. Some of our ventures may require additional uncommitted funding. We also have significant investments in entities that we have accounted for using the cost method. If these entities experience significant losses or were to fail and cease operations, our investments could be subject to impairment and the loss of a part or all of our investment value.
Risks Related to the Scripps Networks Acquisition
We may not be able to successfully integrate the Scripps Networks business with our own, realize the anticipated benefits of the Scripps Networks acquisition or manage our expanded operations, any of which would adversely affect our results of operations.
We have devoted, and expect to continue to devote, significant management attention and resources to integrating our organization, procedures, and operations with those of Scripps Networks. Such integration efforts are costly due to the large number of processes, policies, procedures, locations, operations, technologies and systems to be integrated, including purchasing, accounting and finance, sales, service, operations, payroll, pricing, marketing and employee benefits. Integration expenses could, particularly in the short term, exceed the cost synergies we expect to achieve from the elimination of duplicative expenses and the realization of economies of scale, which could result in significant charges to earnings that we cannot currently quantify. Potential difficulties that we may encounter as part of the integration process include the following:
our inability to successfully combine our business with Scripps Networks in a manner that permits the combined company to achieve the full synergies and other benefits anticipated to result from the merger; and
complexities associated with managing the combined businesses, including difficulty addressing possible differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies and the challenge of integrating products, services, complex and different information technology systems, control and compliance processes, technology, networks and other assets of each of the companies in a cohesive manner.
Following the merger, the size and complexity of the business of the combined company will increase significantly. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to manage this expanded business, which will pose substantial challenges for management, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity. There can be no assurances that we will be successful or that we will realize the expected synergies and benefits anticipated from the merger.
DCL was not obligated to place in escrow the net proceeds of its senior notes that were issued in September 2017, partially to fund the Scripps Networks acquisition (the “Senior Notes”), and, as a result, we may not be able to redeem the Senior Notes upon a special mandatory redemption.
Under the terms of the Senior Notes, we are obligated to redeem the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest if the Scripps acquisition does not close by August 18, 2018 (a “special mandatory redemption”).  We were not obligated to place the net proceeds of the offering of the Senior Notes in escrow prior to the completion of the Scripps Networks acquisition or to provide a security interest in those proceeds, and the indenture governing the Senior Notes imposes no other restrictions on our use of these proceeds during that time. Accordingly, the source of funds for any redemption of the $500 million principal amount of 2.200% senior notes due 2019, $1.20 billion principal amount of 2.950% senior notes due 2023, $1.70 billion principal amount of 3.950% senior notes due 2028, $1.25 billion principal amount of 5.000% senior notes due

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2037 and $1.25 billion principal amount of 5.200% senior notes due 2047 or £400 million principal amount of 2.500% senior notes due 2024 upon a special mandatory redemption would be the proceeds that we have voluntarily retained or other sources of liquidity, including available cash, borrowings, sales of assets or sales of equity. We may not be able to satisfy our obligation to redeem these Senior Notes upon a special mandatory redemption, because we may not have sufficient financial resources to pay the aggregate redemption price on such Senior Notes. Our failure to redeem these Senior Notes as required under the indenture would result in a default under the indenture, which could result in defaults under our and our subsidiaries’ other debt agreements and have material adverse consequences for us and the holders of the Senior Notes. In addition, our ability to redeem the senior notes for cash may be limited by law or the terms of other agreements relating to our indebtedness outstanding at the time.
General Risks
Theft of our content, including digital copyright theft and other unauthorized exhibitions of our content, may decrease revenue received from our programming and adversely affect our businesses and profitability.
The success of our business depends in part on our ability to maintain the intellectual property rights to our entertainment content. We are fundamentally a content company, and piracy of our brands, television networks, digital content and other intellectual property has the potential to significantly and adversely affect us. Piracy is particularly prevalent in many parts of the world that lack copyright and other protections similar to existing law in the U.S. It is also made easier by technological advances allowing the conversion of content into digital formats, which facilitates the creation, transmission and sharing of high-quality unauthorized copies. Unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material over the Internet is a threat to copyright owners’ ability to protect and exploit their property. The proliferation of unauthorized use of our content may have an adverse effect on our business and profitability because it reduces the revenue that we potentially could receive from the legitimate sale and distribution of our content. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect trade secrets or to determine the validity or scope of proprietary rights claimed by others.
We are subject to risks related to our international operations.
We have operations through which we distribute programming outside the United States. As a result, our business is subject to certain risks inherent in international business, many of which are beyond our control. These risks include:
laws and policies affecting trade and taxes, including laws and policies relating to the repatriation of funds and withholding taxes, and changes in these laws;
changes in local regulatory requirements, including restrictions on content, imposition of local content quotas and restrictions on foreign ownership;
differing degrees of protection for intellectual property and varying attitudes towards the piracy of intellectual property;
significant fluctuations in foreign currency value;
currency exchange controls;
the instability of foreign economies and governments;
war and acts of terrorism;
anti-corruption laws and regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act that impose stringent requirements on how we conduct our foreign operations and changes in these laws and regulations;
foreign privacy and data protection laws and regulation and changes in these laws; and
shifting consumer preferences regarding the viewing of video programming.
Events or developments related to these and other risks associated with international trade could adversely affect our revenues from non-U.S. sources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Furthermore, some foreign markets where we and our partners operate may be more adversely affected by current economic conditions than the U.S. We also may incur substantial expense as a result of changes, including the imposition of new restrictions, in the existing economic or political environment in the regions where we do business. Acts of terrorism, hostilities, or financial, political, economic or other uncertainties could lead to a reduction in revenue or loss of investment, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Global economic conditions may have an adverse effect on our business.
Our business is significantly affected by prevailing economic conditions and by disruptions to financial markets. We derive substantial revenues from advertisers, and these expenditures are sensitive to general economic conditions and consumer buying patterns. Financial instability or a general decline in economic conditions in the U.S. and other countries where our networks are

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distributed could adversely affect advertising rates and volume, resulting in a decrease in our advertising revenues.
Decreases in consumer discretionary spending in the U.S. and other countries where our networks are distributed may affect cable television and other video service subscriptions, in particular with respect to digital service tiers on which certain of our programming networks are carried. This could lead to a decrease in the number of subscribers receiving our programming from multi-channel video programming distributors, which could have a negative impact on our viewing subscribers and affiliation fee revenues. Similarly, a decrease in viewing subscribers would also have a negative impact on the number of viewers actually watching the programs on our programming networks, which could also impact the rates we are able to charge advertisers.
Economic conditions affect a number of aspects of our businesses worldwide and impact the businesses of our partners who purchase advertising on our networks and might reduce their spending on advertising. Economic conditions can also negatively affect the ability of those with whom we do business to satisfy their obligations to us. The general worsening of current global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, and the worsening of economic conditions in certain parts of the world, specifically, could impact the expansion and success of our businesses in such areas.
Domestic and foreign laws and regulations could adversely impact our operation results.
Programming services like ours, and the distributors of our services, including cable operators, satellite operators and other multi-channel video programming distributors, are regulated by U.S. federal laws and regulations issued and administered by various federal agencies, including the FCC, as well as by state and local governments, in ways that affect the daily conduct of our video content business. See the discussion under “Business – Regulatory Matters” above. The U.S. Congress, the FCC and the courts currently have under consideration, and may adopt or interpret in the future, new laws, regulations and policies regarding a wide variety of matters that could, directly or indirectly, affect the operations of our U.S. media properties or modify the terms under which we offer our services and operate.
Similarly, the foreign jurisdictions in which our networks are offered have, in varying degrees, laws and regulations governing our businesses. Programming businesses are subject to regulation on a country-by-country basis. Changes in regulations imposed by foreign governments could also adversely affect our business, results of operations and ability to expand our operations beyond their current scope.
Financial markets are subject to volatility and disruptions that may affect our ability to obtain or increase the cost of financing our operations and our ability to meet our other obligations.
Increased volatility and disruptions in the U.S. and global financial and equity markets may make it more difficult for us to obtain financing for our operations or investments or increase the cost of obtaining financing. Our borrowing costs can be affected by short and long-term debt ratings assigned by independent rating agencies which are based, in significant part, on our performance as measured by credit metrics such as interest coverage and leverage ratios. A low rating could increase our cost of borrowing or make it more difficult for us to obtain future financing. Unforeseeable changes in foreign currencies could negatively impact our results of operations and calculations of interest coverage and leverage ratios.
Acquisitions and other strategic transactions present many risks and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals that were contemplated at the time of any transaction.
From time to time we make acquisitions, investments and enter into other strategic transactions, including our planned transaction with Scripps Networks. In connection with such acquisitions and strategic transactions, we may incur unanticipated expenses, fail to realize anticipated benefits, have difficulty incorporating the acquired businesses, disrupt relationships with current and new employees, subscribers, affiliates and vendors, incur significant debt, or have to delay or not proceed with announced transactions such as the Scripps Networks transaction. Additionally, regulatory agencies, such as the FCC or DOJ may impose additional restrictions on the operation of our business as a result of our seeking regulatory approvals for any significant acquisitions and strategic transactions. The occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business.
Our inability to successfully acquire and integrate other businesses, assets, products or technologies could harm our operating results.
Our success may depend on opportunities to buy other businesses or technologies that could complement, enhance or expand our current business or products or that might otherwise offer us growth opportunities. We have acquired, and have made strategic investments in, a number of companies (including through joint ventures) in the past, and we expect to make additional acquisitions and strategic investments in the future. Such transactions may result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, use of our cash resources, and incurrence of debt and amortization expenses related to intangible assets. Any acquisitions and strategic investments that we are able to identify and complete may be accompanied by a number of risks, including:
the difficulty of assimilating the operations and personnel of acquired companies into our operations;

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the potential disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of management;
the incurrence of additional operating losses and operating expenses of the businesses we acquired or in which we invested;
the difficulty of integrating acquired technology and rights into our services and unanticipated expenses related to such integration;
the failure to successfully further develop an acquired business or technology and any resulting impairment of amounts currently capitalized as intangible assets;
the failure of strategic investments to perform as expected or to meet financial projections;
the potential for patent and trademark infringement and data privacy and security claims against the acquired companies, or companies in which we have invested;
litigation or other claims in connection with acquisitions, acquired companies, or companies in which we have invested;
the impairment or loss of relationships with customers and partners of the companies we acquired or in which we invested or with our customers and partners as a result of the integration of acquired operations;
the impairment of relationships with, or failure to retain, employees of acquired companies or our existing employees as a result of integration of new personnel;
our lack of, or limitations on our, control over the operations of our joint venture companies;
the difficulty of integrating operations, systems, and controls as a result of cultural, regulatory, systems, and operational differences;
in the case of foreign acquisitions and investments, the impact of particular economic, tax, currency, political, legal and regulatory risks associated with specific countries; and
the impact of known potential liabilities or liabilities that may be unknown, including as a result of inadequate internal controls, associated with the companies we acquired or in which we invested.
Our failure to be successful in addressing these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future acquisitions and strategic investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm our business generally.
The loss of key personnel or talent could disrupt our business and adversely affect our revenue.
Our business depends upon the continued efforts, abilities and expertise of our corporate and divisional executive teams and entertainment personalities. Our success after the Scripps Networks acquisition will depend in part upon our ability to retain key employees. Prior to and following the completion of the merger, current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles with Discovery and choose to pursue other opportunities, which could have an adverse effect on Discovery after the transaction. If key employees depart, the integration of Scripps Networks with Discovery may be more difficult and our business following the completion of the merger may be adversely affected. Additionally, we employ or contract with entertainment personalities who may have loyal audiences. These individuals are important to audience endorsement of our programs and other content. There can be no assurance that these individuals will remain with us or retain their current audiences. If we fail to retain key individuals or if our entertainment personalities lose their current audience base, our operations could be adversely affected.
Newly-enacted US tax reform could adversely impact our international business and results of operations.
Recently enacted US tax reform could adversely impact our business and results of operations. On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA"), which includes a broad range of tax reform regulations affecting businesses, including corporate tax rates, business deductions, and international tax provisions. Some of the changes, like the new tax on global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") or the base erosion and anti-abuse tax ("BEAT"), could have the effect of increasing our effective tax rate, the amount of our consolidated net taxable income subject to income taxes, and our overall tax liability, and could reduce our net income and our earnings per share, as well as our consolidated cash flows and liquidity, even if the changes include a reduction in the rate at which corporate taxable income is taxed. In addition, the determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and current and deferred tax assets and liabilities requires judgment and estimation. Our income taxes could also be materially adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in worldwide tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles.

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Risks Related to Our Debt
We have a significant amount of debt and may incur significant amounts of additional debt, which could adversely affect our financial health and our ability to react to changes in our business.
As of December 31, 2017 , we had approximately $14.8 billion of consolidated debt, including capital leases. Our substantial level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay when due the principal of, interest on, or other amounts associated with our indebtedness. In addition, we have the ability to draw down our $2.5 billion revolving credit facility in the ordinary course, which would have the effect of increasing our indebtedness. We are also permitted, subject to certain restrictions under our existing indebtedness, to obtain additional long-term debt and working capital lines of credit to meet future financing needs. This would have the effect of increasing our total leverage.
Our substantial leverage could have significant negative consequences on our financial condition and results of operations, including:
impairing our ability to meet one or more of the financial ratio covenants contained in our debt agreements or to generate cash sufficient to pay interest or principal, which could result in an acceleration of some or all of our outstanding debt in the event that an uncured default occurs;
increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and market conditions;
limiting our ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing;
requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our debt, thereby reducing the amount of cash flow available for other purposes;
requiring us to sell debt or equity securities or to sell some of our core assets, possibly on unfavorable terms, to meet payment obligations;
limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the markets in which we compete; and
placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with less leveraged competitors and competitors that may have better access to capital resources.
Our ability to incur debt and the use of our funds could be limited by the restrictive covenants in the loan agreement for our revolving credit facility.
The loan agreement for our revolving credit facility contains restrictive covenants, as well as requirements to comply with certain leverage and other financial maintenance tests. These covenants and requirements could limit our ability to take various actions, including incurring additional debt, guaranteeing indebtedness and engaging in various types of transactions, including mergers, acquisitions and sales of assets. These covenants could place us at a disadvantage compared to some of our competitors, who may have fewer restrictive covenants and may not be required to operate under these restrictions. Further, these covenants could have an adverse effect on our business by limiting our ability to take advantage of financing, mergers and acquisitions or other opportunities.
Risks Related to Corporate Structure
As a holding company, we could be unable to obtain cash in amounts sufficient to meet our financial obligations or other commitments.
Our ability to meet our financial obligations and other contractual commitments will depend upon our ability to access cash. We are a holding company, and our sources of cash include our available cash balances, net cash from the operating activities of our subsidiaries, any dividends and interest we may receive from our investments, availability under our credit facility or any credit facilities that we may obtain in the future and proceeds from any asset sales we may undertake in the future. The ability of our operating subsidiaries, including Discovery Communications, LLC, to pay dividends or to make other payments or advances to us will depend on their individual operating results and any statutory, regulatory or contractual restrictions, including restrictions under our credit facility, to which they may be or may become subject. Under the TCJA, we are subject to U.S. taxes for the deemed repatriation of certain cash balances held by foreign corporations. However, we intent to permanently reinvest these funds outside of the U.S. and our current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund our U.S. operations.
We have directors in common with those of Liberty Media Corporation (“Liberty Media”), Liberty Global plc (“Liberty Global”), Liberty Interactive Corporation (“Liberty Interactive”) and Liberty Broadband Corporation ("Liberty Broadband"), which may result in the diversion of business opportunities or other potential conflicts.
Liberty Media, Liberty Global, Liberty Interactive and Liberty Broadband (together, the "Liberty Entities") own interests in

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various U.S. and international companies, such as Charter Communications, Inc. ("Charter"), that have subsidiaries that own or operate domestic or foreign content services that may compete with the content services we offer. We have no rights in respect of U.S. or international content opportunities developed by or presented to the subsidiaries of any Liberty Entities, and the pursuit of these opportunities by such subsidiaries may adversely affect our interests and those of our stockholders. Because we and the Liberty Entities have overlapping directors, the pursuit of business opportunities may serve to intensify the conflicts of interest or appearance of conflicts of interest faced by the respective management teams. Our charter provides that none of our directors or officers will be liable to us or any of our subsidiaries for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that such individual directs a corporate opportunity to another person or entity (including any Liberty Entities), for which such individual serves as a director or officer, or does not refer or communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to us or any of our subsidiaries, unless (x) such opportunity was expressly offered to such individual solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of us or any of our subsidiaries and (y) such opportunity relates to a line of business in which we or any of our subsidiaries is then directly engaged.
We have directors that are also related persons of Advance/Newhouse and that overlap with those of the Liberty Entities, which may lead to conflicting interests for those tasked with the fiduciary duties of our board.
Our eleven-person board of directors includes three designees of Advance/Newhouse, including Robert J. Miron, who was the Chairman of Advance/Newhouse until December 31, 2010, and Steven A. Miron, the Chief Executive Officer of Advance/Newhouse. In addition, our board of directors includes two persons who are currently members of the board of directors of Liberty Media, three persons who are currently members of the board of directors of Liberty Global, one person who is currently a member of the board of directors of Liberty Interactive, two persons who are currently members of the board of directors of Liberty Broadband and two persons who are currently members of the board of directors of Charter, of which Liberty Broadband owns an equity interest. John C. Malone is the Chairman of the boards of all of the Liberty Entities and is a member of the board of directors of Charter. The parent company of Advance/Newhouse and the Liberty Entities own interests in a range of media, communications and entertainment businesses.
Advance/Newhouse will elect three directors annually for so long as it owns a specified minimum amount of our Series A-1 convertible preferred stock. The Advance/Newhouse Series A-1 convertible preferred stock, which votes with our common stock on all matters other than the election of directors, represents approximately 24% of the voting power of our outstanding shares. The Series A-1 convertible preferred stock also grants Advance/Newhouse consent rights over a range of our corporate actions, including fundamental changes to our business, the issuance of additional capital stock, mergers and business combinations and certain acquisitions and dispositions.
None of the Liberty Entities own any interest in us. Mr. Malone beneficially owns stock of Liberty Media representing approximately 47% of the aggregate voting power of its outstanding stock, owns shares representing approximately 26% of the aggregate voting power of Liberty Global, shares representing approximately 39% of the aggregate voting power of Liberty Interactive, shares representing approximately 46% of the aggregate voting power of Liberty Broadband and shares representing approximately 21% of the aggregate voting power (other than with respect to the election of the common stock directors) of our outstanding stock. Mr. Malone controls approximately 28% of our aggregate voting power relating to the election of our eight common stock directors, assuming that the preferred stock owned by Advance/Newhouse has not been converted into shares of our common stock. Our directors who are also directors of the Liberty Entities own stock and stock incentives of the Liberty Entities and own our stock and stock incentives.
These ownership interests and/or business positions could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest when these individuals are faced with decisions that could have different implications for us, Advance/Newhouse and/or the Liberty Entities. For example, there may be the potential for a conflict of interest when we, on the one hand, or Advance/Newhouse and/or one or more of the Liberty Entities, on the other hand, consider acquisitions and other corporate opportunities that may be suitable for the other.
The members of our board of directors have fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders. Likewise, those persons who serve in similar capacities at Advance/Newhouse or a Liberty Entity have fiduciary duties to those companies. Therefore, such persons may have conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest with respect to matters involving or affecting both respective companies, and there can be no assurance that the terms of any transactions will be as favorable to us or our subsidiaries as would be the case in the absence of a conflict of interest.
It may be difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if such acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders.
Certain provisions of our charter and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions include the following:
authorizing a capital structure with multiple series of common stock: a Series B that entitles the holders to ten votes per share, a Series A-1 that entitles the holders to one vote per share and a Series C that, except as otherwise required by applicable law, entitles the holders to no voting rights;

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authorizing the Series A-1 convertible preferred stock with special voting rights, which prohibits us from taking any of the following actions, among others, without the prior approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of such stock:
increasing the number of members of the Board of Directors above ten;
making any material amendment to our charter or by-laws;
engaging in a merger, consolidation or other business combination with any other entity; and
appointing or removing our Chairman of the Board or our Chief Executive Officer;
authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by our Board of Directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt;
classifying our common stock directors with staggered three-year terms and having three directors elected by the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock, which may lengthen the time required to gain control of our Board of Directors;
limiting who may call special meetings of stockholders;
prohibiting stockholder action by written consent (subject to certain exceptions), thereby requiring stockholder action to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders;
establishing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings;
requiring stockholder approval by holders of at least 80% of our voting power or the approval by at least 75% of our Board of Directors with respect to certain extraordinary matters, such as a merger or consolidation, a sale of all or substantially all of our assets or an amendment to our charter;
requiring the consent of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding Series B common stock (voting as a separate class) to certain share distributions and other corporate actions in which the voting power of the Series B common stock would be diluted by, for example, issuing shares having multiple votes per share as a dividend to holders of Series A common stock; and
the existence of authorized and unissued stock which would allow our Board of Directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, thereby protecting the continuity of our management, or which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of persons seeking to obtain control of us.
We have also adopted a shareholder rights plan in order to encourage anyone seeking to acquire us to negotiate with our Board of Directors prior to attempting a takeover. While the plan is designed to guard against coercive or unfair tactics to gain control of us, the plan may have the effect of making more difficult or delaying any attempts by others to obtain control of us.
Holders of any single series of our common stock may not have any remedies if any action by our directors or officers has an adverse effect on only that series of common stock.
Principles of Delaware law and the provisions of our charter may protect decisions of our Board of Directors that have a disparate impact upon holders of any single series of our common stock. Under Delaware law, the Board of Directors has a duty to act with due care and in the best interests of all of our stockholders, including the holders of all series of our common stock. Principles of Delaware law established in cases involving differing treatment of multiple classes or series of stock provide that a board of directors owes an equal duty to all common stockholders regardless of class or series and does not have separate or additional duties to any group of stockholders. As a result, in some circumstances, our directors may be required to make a decision that is adverse to the holders of one series of common stock. Under the principles of Delaware law referred to above, stockholders may not be able to challenge these decisions if our Board of Directors is disinterested and adequately informed with respect to these decisions and acts in good faith and in the honest belief that it is acting in the best interests of all of our stockholders.
If Advance/Newhouse were to exercise its registration rights, it may cause a significant decline in our stock price, even if our business is doing well.
Advance/Newhouse has been granted registration rights covering all of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the convertible preferred stock held by Advance/Newhouse. Advance/Newhouse’s Series A-1 convertible preferred stock is currently convertible into nine share of our Series A common stock and Advance/Newhouse’s Series C-1 convertible preferred stock is convertible into 19.3648 shares of our Series C common stock, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. The registration rights, which are immediately exercisable, are transferable with the sale or transfer by Advance/Newhouse of blocks of shares representing 10% or more of the preferred stock it holds. The exercise of the registration rights, and subsequent sale of

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possibly large amounts of our common stock in the public market, could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
John C. Malone and Advance/Newhouse each have significant voting power with respect to corporate matters considered by our stockholders.
For corporate matters other than the election of directors, Mr. Malone and Advance/Newhouse each beneficially own shares of our stock representing approximately 21% and 24% , respectively, of the aggregate voting power represented by our outstanding stock. With respect to the election of directors, Mr. Malone controls approximately 28% of the aggregate voting power relating to the election of the eight common stock directors (assuming that the convertible preferred stock owned by Advance/Newhouse (the “A/N Preferred Stock”) has not been converted into shares of our common stock). The A/N Preferred Stock carries with it the right to designate three preferred stock directors to our board (subject to certain conditions), but does not carry voting rights with respect to the election of the eight common stock directors. Also, under the terms of the A/N Preferred Stock, Advance/Newhouse has special voting rights as to certain enumerated matters, including material amendments to the restated charter and bylaws, fundamental changes in our business, mergers and other business combinations, certain acquisitions and dispositions and future issuances of capital stock. Although there is no stockholder agreement, voting agreement or any similar arrangement between Mr. Malone and Advance/Newhouse, by virtue of their respective holdings, Mr. Malone and Advance/Newhouse each have significant influence over the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to our stockholders.
ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
ITEM 2. Properties.
We own and lease approximately 2.27 million square feet of building space for the conduct of our businesses at 84 locations throughout the world. In the U.S. alone, we own and lease approximately 597,000 and 840,000 square feet of building space, respectively, at 22 locations. Principal locations in the U.S. include: (i) a headquarters located at One Discovery Place, Silver Spring, Maryland, where approximately 543,000 square feet is used for certain executive and corporate offices and general office space by our U.S. Networks and Education and Other segments, (ii) general office space at 850 Third Avenue, New York, New York, where approximately 190,000 square feet is primarily used for sales by our U.S. Networks segment and certain executive offices, (iii) general office space facility located at 8045 Kennett Street, Silver Spring, Maryland, where approximately 149,000 square feet is primarily used by our U.S. Networks segment, (iv) general office space located at 10100 Santa Monica Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, where approximately 64,000 square feet is primarily used by our U.S. Networks segment, (v) general office space at 6505 Blue Lagoon Drive, Miami, Florida, where approximately 91,000 square feet is primarily used by our International Networks segment, and (vi) an origination facility at 45580 Terminal Drive, Sterling, Virginia, where approximately 54,000 square feet of space is used to manage the distribution of domestic network television content by our U.S. Networks segment.
We also lease over 833,000 square feet of building space at 62 locations outside of the U.S., including the U.K., France, Denmark, Italy, Singapore & Poland. Included in the non-US office figures are approximately 138,000 square feet of building space used for office, production and post-production for Eurosport.
Each property is considered to be in good condition, adequate for its purpose, and suitably utilized according to the individual nature and requirements of the relevant operations. Our policy is to improve and replace property as considered appropriate to meet the needs of the individual operation.
On January 9, 2018, we issued a press release announcing a new real estate strategy with plans to relocate the Company's global headquarters from Silver Spring, Maryland to New York City in 2019. As of December 31, 2017, we did not meet the held for sale classification criteria, as defined in the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), as it is uncertain that the sale of the Silver Spring property will be completed within the next twelve months.
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings.
The Company is party to various lawsuits and claims in the ordinary course of business. However, a determination as to the amount of the accrual required for such contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty and the impact of the final resolution of these matters on the Company's results of operations in a particular subsequent reporting period is not known, management does not believe that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, future results of operations or liquidity.

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On September 20, 2017, a putative class action lawsuit captioned Inzlicht-Sprei v. Scripps Networks Interactive, et al. (Case No. 3:17-cv-00420), which we refer to as the “Inzlicht-Sprei action”, was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. A putative class action lawsuit captioned Berg v. Scripps Networks Interactive, et al. (Case No. 2:17-cv-848), which we refer to as the “Berg action”, and a lawsuit captioned Wagner v. Scripps Networks Interactive, et al. (Case No. 2:17-cv-859), which we refer to as the “Wagner action,” were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio on September 27, 2017 and September 29, 2017, respectively. We refer to the Inzlicht-Sprei action, Berg action and Wagner action collectively as the “actions.” The actions alleged that the defendants filed a materially incomplete and misleading Form S-4 in violation of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 14a-9. On October 12, 2017, the plaintiff in the Inzlicht-Sprei action filed a notice of voluntary dismissal without prejudice. On November 21, 2017, the plaintiffs in both the Berg action and the Wagner action filed notices of voluntary dismissal.
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.

30




Executive Officers of Discovery Communications, Inc.
Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, the information regarding our executive officers required by Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K is hereby included in Part I of this report. The following table sets forth the name and date of birth of each of our executive officers and the office held by such officer as of February 28, 2018 .
Name
  
Position
David M. Zaslav
Born January 15, 1960
  
President, Chief Executive Officer and a common stock director. Mr. Zaslav has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since January 2007 and a common stock director since September 2008. Mr. Zaslav served as President, Cable & Domestic Television and New Media Distribution of NBC Universal, Inc. ("NBC"), a media and entertainment company, from May 2006 to December 2006. Mr. Zaslav served as Executive Vice President of NBC, and President of NBC Cable, a division of NBC, from October 1999 to May 2006. Mr. Zaslav is a member of the board of Sirius XM Radio Inc., Grupo Televisa S.A.B and LionsGate Entertainment Corp.
Gunnar Wiedenfels
Born September 6, 1977
  
Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Wiedenfels has served as our Chief Financial Officer since April 2017. Prior to joining Discovery, Mr. Wiedenfels served as Chief Financial Officer of ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE ("ProSieben") starting in 2015. Prior to that, he served as ProSieben's Deputy Chief Financial Officer from 2014 to 2015 and served as Chief Group Controller from 2013 to 2015. Previously, he served as ProSieben's Deputy Group Controller, responsible for group-wide budget planning, budget controlling, and management reporting and as Chief Financial Officer, National, where he had commercial responsibility for the group's German-speaking free TV segment. Before this, he worked as a management consultant and engagement manager at McKinsey & Company.
Jean-Briac Perrette Born April 30, 1971
 
President and CEO of Discovery Networks International. Mr. Perrette became CEO of Discovery Networks International in June 2016 and President of Discovery Networks International in March 2014. Prior to that, Mr. Perrette served as our Chief Digital Officer from October 2011 to February 2014. Mr. Perrette served in a number of roles at NBC Universal from March 2000 to October 2011, with the last being President of Digital and Affiliate Distribution.
Adria Alpert Romm
Born March 2, 1955
  
Chief Human Resources and Global Diversity Officer. Ms. Romm has served as our Chief Human Resources and Global Diversity Officer since March 2014. Prior to that, Ms. Romm has served as our Senior Executive Vice President of Human Resources from March 2007 to February 2014. Ms. Romm served as Senior Vice President of Human Resources of NBC from 2004 to 2007. Prior to 2004, Ms. Romm served as a Vice President in Human Resources for the NBC TV network and NBC staff functions.

Bruce L. Campbell
Born November 26, 1967
  
Chief Development, Distribution & Legal Officer. Mr. Campbell became our Chief Distribution Officer in October 2015, Chief Development Officer in August 2010 and our General Counsel in December 2010. Mr. Campbell served as Digital Media Officer from August 2014 through October 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Campbell served as our President, Digital Media & Corporate Development from March 2007 through August 2010. Mr. Campbell also served as our corporate secretary from December 2010 to February 2012. Mr. Campbell served as Executive Vice President, Business Development of NBC from December 2005 to March 2007, and Senior Vice President, Business Development of NBC from January 2003 to November 2005.

David Leavy
Born December 24, 1969
 
Chief Corporate Operations and Communications Officer. Mr. Leavy became Chief Corporate Operations and Communications Officer in March 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Leavy served as our Chief Communications Officer and Senior Executive Vice President, Corporate Marketing and Business Operations from August 2015 to March 2016. From December 2011 to August 2015, Mr. Leavy served as our Chief Communications Officer and Senior Executive Vice President, Corporate Marketing and Affairs. Prior to that, Mr. Leavy served as our Executive Vice President, Communications and Corporate Affairs and has served in a number of other roles at Discovery since joining in March 2000.

Savalle C. Sims Born May 21, 1970
 
Executive Vice President and General Counsel. Ms. Sims became Executive Vice President and General Counsel in April 2017. Ms. Sims served as our Executive Vice President and Deputy General Counsel from December 2014 to April 2017. Prior to that, Ms. Sims served as our Senior Vice President, Litigation and Intellectual Property from August 2011 through December 2014. Prior to joining Discovery, Ms. Sims was a partner at the law firm of Arent Fox LLP.
Kurt T. Wehner
Born June 30, 1962
  
Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer. Mr. Wehner joined the Company in September 2011 and has served as our Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer since November 2012. Mr. Wehner was an Audit Partner at KPMG LLP from 2000 to 2011.


31




PART II
ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock are listed and traded on The NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbols “DISCA,” “DISCB” and “DISCK,” respectively. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low sales prices per share of our Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock as reported on Yahoo! Finance (finance.yahoo.com).
 
 
Series A
Common Stock
 
Series B
Common Stock
 
Series C
Common Stock
 
 
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth quarter
 
$
23.73

 
$
16.28

 
$
26.80

 
$
20.00

 
$
22.47

 
$
15.27

Third quarter
 
$
27.18

 
$
20.80

 
$
27.90

 
$
22.00

 
$
26.21

 
$
19.62

Second quarter
 
$
29.40

 
$
25.11

 
$
29.55

 
$
25.45

 
$
28.90

 
$
24.39

First quarter
 
$
29.62

 
$
26.34

 
$
29.65

 
$
27.55

 
$
28.87

 
$
25.76

2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth quarter
 
$
29.55

 
$
25.01

 
$
30.50

 
$
26.00

 
$
28.66

 
$
24.20

Third quarter
 
$
26.97

 
$
24.27

 
$
28.00

 
$
25.21

 
$
26.31

 
$
23.44

Second quarter
 
$
29.31

 
$
23.73

 
$
29.34

 
$
24.15

 
$
28.48

 
$
22.54

First quarter
 
$
29.42

 
$
24.33

 
$
29.34

 
$
24.30

 
$
28.00

 
$
23.81

As of February 21, 2018 , there were approximately 1,308 , 75 and 1,414 record holders of our Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock, respectively. These amounts do not include the number of shareholders whose shares are held of record by banks, brokerage houses or other institutions, but include each such institution as one shareholder.
We have not paid any cash dividends on our Series A common stock, Series B common stock or Series C common stock, and we have no present intention to do so. Payment of cash dividends, if any, will be determined by our Board of Directors after consideration of our earnings, financial condition and other relevant factors such as our credit facility's restrictions on our ability to declare dividends in certain situations.
Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information about our repurchases of common stock that were made through open market transactions during the three months ended December 31, 2017 (in millions, except per share amounts).
Period
 
Total  Number
of Series C Shares
Purchased
 
Average
Price
Paid per
Share: Series C
 (a)
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of  Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
(b)(c)
 
Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the  Plans or Programs (a)(b)
October 1, 2017 - October 31, 2017
 

 
$

 

 
$

November 1, 2017 - November 30, 2017
 

 
$

 

 
$

December 1, 2017 - December 31, 2017
 

 
$

 

 
$

Total
 

 


 

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) The amounts do not give effect to any fees, commissions or other costs associated with repurchases of shares.


32




(b) Under the stock repurchase program, management was authorized to purchase shares of the Company's common stock from time to time through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions at prevailing prices or pursuant to one or more accelerated stock repurchase agreements or other derivative arrangements as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, and subject to stock price, business and market conditions and other factors. The Company's authorization under the program expired on October 8, 2017 and we have not repurchased any shares of common stock since then. We historically have funded and in the future may fund stock repurchases through a combination of cash on hand and cash generated by operations and the issuance of debt. In the future, if further authorization is provided, we may also choose to fund stock repurchases through borrowings under our revolving credit facility or future financing transactions. There were no repurchases of our Series A and B common stock during 2017 and no repurchases of Series C common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2017. The Company first announced its stock repurchase program on August 3, 2010.
(c) We entered into an agreement with Advance/Newhouse to repurchase, on a quarterly basis, a number of shares of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock convertible into a number of shares of Series C common stock. We did not convert any any shares of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock during the three months ended December 31, 2017 . There are no planned repurchases of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock for the first quarter of 2018 as there were no repurchases of Series A or Series C common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2017 .

Stock Performance Graph
The following graph sets forth the cumulative total shareholder return on our Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock as compared with the cumulative total return of the companies listed in the Standard and Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500 Index”) and a peer group of companies comprised of CBS Corporation Class B common stock, Scripps Network Interactive, Inc., Time Warner, Inc., Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc. Class A common stock (News Corporation Class A Common Stock prior to June 2013), Viacom, Inc. Class B common stock and The Walt Disney Company. The graph assumes $100 originally invested on December 31, 2012 in each of our Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock, the S&P 500 Index, and the stock of our peer group companies, including reinvestment of dividends, for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 and 2017 .
STOCKPERFORMANCEGRAPH2017.JPG
 
 
December 31, 
2012
 
December 31, 
2013
 
December 31, 
2014
 
December 31, 
2015
 
December 31, 
2016
 
December 31, 
2017
DISCA
 
$
100.00

 
$
139.42

 
$
106.23

 
$
82.27

 
$
84.53

 
$
69.01

DISCB
 
$
100.00

 
$
144.61

 
$
116.45

 
$
85.03

 
$
91.70

 
$
78.01

DISCK
 
$
100.00

 
$
143.35

 
$
115.28

 
$
86.22

 
$
91.56

 
$
72.38

S&P 500
 
$
100.00

 
$
129.60

 
$
144.36

 
$
143.31

 
$
156.98

 
$
187.47

Peer Group
 
$
100.00

 
$
163.16

 
$
186.87

 
$
180.10

 
$
200.65

 
$
208.79


33




Equity Compensation Plan Information
Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans will be set forth in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans,” which is incorporated herein by reference.

34




ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data.
The table set forth below presents our selected financial information for each of the past five years (in millions, except per share amounts). The selected statement of operations information for each of the three years ended December 31, 2017 and the selected balance sheet information as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from and should be read in conjunction with the information in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected statement of operations information for each of the two years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the selected balance sheet information as of December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 have been derived from financial statements not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Selected Statement of Operations Information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
6,873

 
$
6,497

 
$
6,394

 
$
6,265

 
$
5,535

Operating income
 
713

 
2,058

 
1,985

 
2,061

 
1,975

Net (loss) income
 
(313
)
 
1,218

 
1,048

 
1,137

 
1,077

Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
(337
)
 
1,194

 
1,034

 
1,139

 
1,075

Basic (loss) earnings per share available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
 
(0.59
)
 
1.97

 
1.59

 
1.67

 
1.50

Diluted (loss) earnings per share available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
 
(0.59
)
 
1.96

 
1.58

 
1.66

 
1.49

Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic

 
384

 
401

 
432

 
454

 
484

Diluted

 
576

 
610

 
656

 
687

 
722

Selected Balance Sheet Information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
7,309

 
$
300

 
$
390

 
$
367

 
$
408

Total assets
 
22,555

 
15,672

 
15,803

 
15,709

 
14,693

Deferred income taxes
 
319

 
467

 
495

 
518

 
579

Long-term debt:
 


 


 
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion
 
30

 
82

 
119

 
1,107

 
17

Long-term portion
 
14,755

 
7,841

 
7,616

 
6,002

 
6,437

Total liabilities
 
17,532

 
10,262

 
10,111

 
9,358

 
8,460

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
413

 
243

 
241

 
747

 
36

Equity attributable to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
4,610

 
5,167

 
5,451

 
5,602

 
6,196

Total equity
 
$
4,610

 
$
5,167

 
$
5,451

 
$
5,604

 
$
6,197


35




 
(Loss) income per share amounts may not sum since each is calculated independently.
As of December 31, 2017 , the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge totaling $1.3 billion for its European reporting unit. (See Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) On  November 30, 2017 , the Company acquired a controlling interest in OWN from Harpo, increasing Discovery’s ownership stake from 49.50% to 73.99% . Discovery paid $70 million in cash and recognized a gain of $33 million  to account for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the previously held  49.50%  equity interest. On September 25, 2017 , the Company acquired a 67.5% controlling interest in VTEN, a new joint venture with GoldenTree, in exchange for its contribution of the Velocity network.On April 28, 2017 , the Company sold Raw and Betty to All3Media and recorded a loss of $4 million upon disposition. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) For the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company has incurred transaction and integration costs for the Scripps Networks acquisition of $79 million , including the $35 million charge associated with the modification of Advance/Newhouse's preferred stock. (See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) In conjunction with the Scripps Networks acquisition, the Company executed a number of new derivative instruments which were settled during September 2017 resulting in a $98 million and $12 million loss in connection with interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, respectively. (See Note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
On September 30, 2016, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of $62 million related to its investment in Lionsgate. On December 2, 2016, the Company acquired a minority interest and formed a new joint venture, Group Nine Media, Inc. ("Group Nine Media"), in exchange for contributions of $100 million and the Company's digital network businesses Seeker and SourceFed, resulting in a gain of $50 million upon deconsolidation of the businesses ("Group Nine Transaction"). As of December 31, 2017 , the Company owns a 42% minority interest in Group Nine Media with a carrying value of $212 million . (See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
On October 7, 2015 , the Company recorded a loss of $5 million upon the deconsolidation of its Russian business following its contribution to a joint venture with a Russian media company, National Media Group. As part of the transaction, Discovery obtained a 20% ownership interest in the New Russian Business, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. On June 30, 2015 , Discovery sold its radio businesses in Northern Europe to Bauer Media Group for total consideration, net of cash disposed of €72 million ( $80 million ). The cumulative gain on the disposal is $1 million . Based on the final resolution and receipt of contingent consideration payable, Discovery recorded a pre-tax gain of $13 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 . The Company had previously recorded a $12 million loss including estimated contingent consideration as disclosed for the year ended December 31, 2015 . (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
On September 23, 2014 , we acquired an additional 10% ownership interest in Discovery Family. The purchase increased our ownership interest from 50% to 60% . As a result, the accounting for Discovery Family was changed from an equity method investment to a consolidated subsidiary. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) On May 30, 2014 , the Company acquired a controlling interest in Eurosport International by increasing Discovery’s ownership stake from 20% to 51% . As a result, as of that date, the accounting for Eurosport was changed from an equity method investment to a consolidated subsidiary. On March 31, 2015 , the Company acquired a controlling interest in Eurosport France increasing Discovery's ownership stake by 31% upon the resolution of certain regulatory matters and began accounting for Eurosport France as a consolidated subsidiary. On October 1, 2015 , the Company acquired the remaining 49% of Eurosport for €491 million ( $548 million ) upon TF1's exercise of its right to put. (See Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
On April 9, 2013 , we acquired the television and radio operations of SBS Nordic. The acquisition has been included in our operating results since the acquisition date. The radio operations of SBS Nordic were subsequently sold on June 30, 2015. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Balance sheet amounts for prior years have been adjusted to reclassify debt issuance costs from other noncurrent assets to noncurrent portion of debt in accordance with ASU 2015-03 adopted in 2014. Amounts reclassified were $44 million and $45 million for 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The Company retrospectively adopted ASU 2015-17 guidance effective January 1, 2017. This guidance requires deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities to be presented as non-current assets and liabilities, respectively. Balance sheet amounts reclassified were $86 million, $61 million, $261 million and $241million for 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. (See Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)



36




ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes. This section provides additional information regarding our businesses, current developments, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, contractual commitments and critical accounting policies.
CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our business, marketing and operating strategies, integration of acquired businesses, new service offerings, financial prospects, anticipated sources and uses of capital and our proposed acquisition of Scripps Networks. Words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” and terms of similar substance used in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance identify forward-looking statements. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be accomplished. The following is a list of some, but not all, of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated: changes in the distribution and viewing of television programming, including the expanded deployment of personal video recorders, subscription video on demand (“SVOD”), internet protocol television, mobile personal devices and personal tablets and their impact on television advertising revenue; continued consolidation of distribution customers and production studios; a failure to secure affiliate agreements or renewal of such agreements on less favorable terms; rapid technological changes; the inability of advertisers or affiliates to remit payment to us in a timely manner or at all; general economic and business conditions; industry trends, including the timing of, and spending on, feature film, television and television commercial production; spending on domestic and foreign television advertising; disagreements with our distributors or other business partners over contract interpretation; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and political unrest and regulatory changes in international markets, from events including Brexit; market demand for foreign first-run and existing content libraries; the regulatory and competitive environment of the industries in which we, and the entities in which we have interests, operate; uncertainties inherent in the development of new business lines and business strategies; uncertainties regarding the financial performance of our equity method investees; our ability to complete, integrate and obtain the anticipated benefits and synergies from our proposed business combinations and acquisitions, including our proposed acquisition of Scripps Networks, on a timely basis or at all; uncertainties associated with product and service development and market acceptance, including the development and provision of programming for new television and telecommunications technologies; future financial performance, including availability, terms, and deployment of capital; the ability of suppliers and vendors to deliver products, equipment, software, and services; our ability to achieve the efficiencies, savings and other benefits anticipated from our cost-reduction initiative; the outcome of any pending or threatened litigation; availability of qualified personnel; the possibility or duration of an industry-wide strike or other job action affecting a major entertainment industry union; changes in, or failure or inability to comply with, government regulations, including, without limitation, regulations of the Federal Communications Commission and adverse outcomes from regulatory proceedings; changes in income taxes due to regulatory changes, such as U.S. tax reform, or changes in our corporate structure; changes in the nature of key strategic relationships with partners, distributors and equity method investee partners; competitor responses to our products and services and the products and services of the entities in which we have interests; threatened terrorist attacks and military action; our significant level of debt; reduced access to capital markets or significant increases in costs to borrow; and a reduction of advertising revenue associated with unexpected reductions in the number of subscribers. These risks have the potential to impact the recoverability of the assets recorded on our balance sheets, including goodwill or other intangibles. For additional risk factors, refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties, and other factors speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
We are a global media company that provides content across multiple distribution platforms, including pay-TV, FTA and broadcast television, authenticated applications, digital distribution arrangements and content licensing agreements. Our portfolio of networks includes prominent television brands such as Discovery Channel, our most widely distributed global brand, TLC, Animal Planet, ID, Velocity (known as Turbo outside of the U.S.) and Eurosport, a leading sports entertainment pay-TV programmer across Europe and Asia. We also develop and sell curriculum-based education products and services and operate production studios.

37




Our objectives are to invest in content for our networks to build viewership, optimize distribution revenue, capture advertising sales, and create or reposition branded channels and businesses that can sustain long-term growth and occupy a desired content niche with strong consumer appeal. Our strategy is to maximize the distribution, ratings and profit potential of each of our branded networks. In addition to growing distribution and advertising revenues for our branded networks, we are extending content distribution across new platforms, including brand-aligned websites, on-line streaming, mobile devices, VOD and broadband channels, which provide promotional platforms for our television content and serve as additional outlets for advertising and distribution revenue. Audience ratings are a key driver in generating advertising revenue and creating demand on the part of cable television operators, DTH satellite operators, telecommunication service providers, and other content distributors, that deliver our content to their customers.
Our content spans genres including survival, exploration, sports, lifestyle, general entertainment, heroes, adventure, crime and investigation, health and kids. We have an extensive library of high-definition content and own rights to much of our content and footage, which enables us to exploit our library to launch brands and services into new markets quickly. Our content can be re-edited and updated in a cost-effective manner to provide topical versions of subject matter that can be utilized around the world on a variety of platforms.
Although the Company utilizes certain brands and content globally, we classify our operations in two reportable segments: U.S. Networks, consisting principally of domestic television network brands, and International Networks, consisting primarily of international television network brands. For further discussion of our Company, segments in which we do business, and our content development activities and revenues, see our business overview set forth in Item 1, "Business" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

38




RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – 2017 vs. 2016
Consolidated Results of Operations – 2017 vs. 2016
Our consolidated results of operations for 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
3,474

 
$
3,213

 
8
 %
Advertising
 
3,073

 
2,970

 
3
 %
Other
 
326

 
314

 
4
 %
Total revenues
 
6,873

 
6,497

 
6
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
2,656

 
2,432

 
9
 %
Selling, general and administrative
 
1,768

 
1,690

 
5
 %
Impairment of goodwill
 
1,327

 

 
NM

Depreciation and amortization
 
330

 
322

 
2
 %
Restructuring and other charges
 
75

 
58

 
29
 %
Loss (gain) on disposition
 
4

 
(63
)
 
NM

Total costs and expenses
 
6,160

 
4,439

 
39
 %
Operating income
 
713

 
2,058

 
(65
)%
Interest expense
 
(475
)
 
(353
)
 
35
 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
(54
)
 

 
NM

Loss from equity method investees, net
 
(211
)
 
(38
)
 
NM

Other (expense) income, net
 
(110
)
 
4

 
NM

(Loss) income before income taxes
 
(137
)
 
1,671

 
NM

Income tax expense
 
(176
)
 
(453
)
 
(61
)%
Net (loss) income
 
(313
)
 
1,218

 
NM

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 
(1
)
 
NM

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(24
)
 
(23
)
 
4
 %
Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
(337
)
 
$
1,194

 
NM


NM - Not meaningful
Revenues
Distribution revenue consists principally of fees from affiliates for distributing our linear networks, supplemented by revenue earned from SVOD content licensing and other emerging forms of digital distribution. Distribution revenue increased 8% . Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, distribution revenue increased 7% . U.S. Networks distribution revenue increases were driven by increases in affiliate fee rates and increases in SVOD revenue partially offset by a decline in affiliate subscribers. Total U.S. Networks portfolio subscribers declined 5% for the year ended December 31, 2017 , while subscribers to our fully distributed networks declined 3% for the same period. International Networks' distribution revenue increase was mostly due to increases in contractual rates in Europe following further investment in sports content, and to a lesser extent increases in Latin America due to increases in rates offset by decreases in subscribers. Contributions from other distribution revenues also contributed slightly to growth. Other distribution revenues were comprised of content deliveries under licensing agreements. These increases were partially offset by decreases in contractual rates in Asia.


39




Advertising revenue is dependent upon a number of factors, including the stage of development of television markets, the number of subscribers to our channels, viewership demographics, the popularity of our content, our ability to sell commercial time over a group of channels, market demand, the mix of sales of commercial time between the upfront and scatter markets, and economic conditions. These factors impact the pricing and volume of our advertising inventory. Advertising revenue increased 3% in 2017 compared to 2016. The increase for our U.S. Networks was primarily due to pricing increases and continued monetization of our GO platform, partially offset by lower audience delivery due to continued linear distribution audience universe declines. International Networks' increases were primarily due to increased volume across key markets in Europe, particularly Southern Europe and Germany, and Latin America. The increase was partially offset by declines in ad sales due to lower pricing and volume in Asia.
Other revenue increased 4% compared with the prior year, primarily due to the formation and consolidation of the VTEN joint venture during the third quarter of the current year. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Costs of Revenues
Costs of revenues increased 9% . Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, OWN and TEN acquisitions and the Group Nine Transaction, costs of revenues increased 7% for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase was primarily attributable to increased spending on content at our International Networks segment, particularly sports rights and associated production costs. Content amortization was $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of employee costs, marketing costs, research costs, occupancy and back office support fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 5% . Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, OWN and TEN acquisitions, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 3% for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase was primarily due to transaction costs for the Scripps Networks acquisition and integration costs of $79 million , including the $35 million charge associated with the modification of Advance/Newhouse's preferred stock. (See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Impairment of Goodwill
Goodwill impairment expense of $ 1.3 billion was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 . (See Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense includes depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of finite-lived intangible assets. Depreciation and amortization was consistent for the year ended December 31, 2017 , compared with the prior period as capital spending has remained consistent over the periods.
Restructuring and Other Charge s
Restructuring and other charges increased $17 million . The increase was primarily due to higher personnel-related termination costs for voluntary and involuntary severance actions. (See Note 15 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Loss (Gain) on Disposition
The change in loss (gain) on disposition was $67 million . We recorded a $4 million loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 due to the sale of the Raw and Betty production studios on April 28, 2017 , compared with a gain of $63 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 . The gain on disposition recorded for the year ended December 31, 2016 is comprised of the $50 million gain for the deconsolidation of our digital networks business Seeker and SourceFed Studios in connection with the Group Nine Transaction and the $13 million gain due to the disposition of our radio businesses in the Nordics. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased $122 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily due to costs incurred for the unsecured bridge loan commitment as well as interest accrued on the senior notes issued on September 21, 2017 for the financing of the anticipated Scripps Networks acquisition. (See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)

40




Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
On March 13, 2017, we issued new senior notes in an aggregate principal amount of $650 million and used the proceeds to fund the repurchase of $600 million of combined aggregate principal amount of our then-outstanding senior notes through a cash tender offer that closed on March 13, 2017 . As a result, we recognized a $54 million loss on extinguishment of debt, which included $50 million for premiums to par value, $2 million of non-cash write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs, $1 million for the write-off of the original issue discount of the existing senior notes and $1 million accrued for other third-party fees. (See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Loss from Equity Investees, net
Losses from our equity method investees increased $173 million primarily due to losses from investments in limited liability companies that sponsor renewable energy projects related to solar energy, partially offset by increases in earnings at OWN and decreases in losses at All3Media. (See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Other (Expense) Income, Net
The table below presents the details of other expense, net (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Foreign currency (losses) gains, net
 
$
(83
)
 
$
75

Losses on derivative instruments
 
(82
)
 
(12
)
Remeasurement gain on previously held equity interest
 
33

 

Interest income
 
21

 

Other-than-temporary impairment of AFS investments
 

 
(62
)
Other income, net
 
1

 
3

Total other (expense) income, net

 
$
(110
)
 
$
4

Other expense increased $114 million in 2017 . We recorded foreign currency losses during 2017 compared to foreign currency gains during 2016, mostly due to exchange rate changes on the U.S. dollar compared with the British pound that impacted foreign currency monetary assets. Increases in losses from derivative instruments primarily resulted from losses of $98 million on interest rate contracts used to economically hedge the pricing for the issuance of a portion of the dollar-denominated senior notes, which were settled on September 21, 2017 . The interest rate contracts did not receive hedging designation. The losses were partially offset by various other items, including a gain of $17 million on previously settled interest rate contracts for which the hedged issuance of debt is considered remote following the issuance of the senior notes on September 21, 2017 . (See Note 9 and Note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) On November 30, 2017, the Company acquired from Harpo a controlling interest in OWN. We recognized a remeasurement gain to account for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of previously held 49.50% equity interest. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)

41




Income Taxes
The following table reconciles the Company's effective income tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
 
35
 %
 
35
 %
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit
 
(18
)%
 
(2
)%
Effect of foreign operations
 
25
 %
 
(1
)%
Domestic production activity deductions
 
39
 %
 
(4
)%
Change in uncertain tax positions
 
(44
)%
 
 %
Goodwill impairment
 
(334
)%
 
 %
Renewable energy investments tax credits
 
142
 %
 
(1
)%
Preferred stock modification

 
(9
)%
 
 %
Impact of Tax Reform Act
 
32
 %
 
 %
Other, net
 
4
 %
 
 %
Effective income tax rate
 
(128
)%
 
27
 %
Income tax expense was $176 million and $453 million and our effective tax rate was (128)% and 27% for 2017 and 2016 , respectively. During 2017, the decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the impact of non-cash goodwill impairment charges that are non-deductible for tax purposes. Thereafter, the decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to investment tax credits that we receive related to our renewable energy investments, and to a lesser extent, the domestic production activity deduction benefit, the allocation and taxation of income among multiple foreign and domestic jurisdictions, and the impact of the 2017 Tax Act (see Note 16 to the accompanying consolidating financial statements). The benefits were partially offset by an increase in reserves for uncertain tax positions in 2017. In 2016, we favorably resolved multi-year state tax positions that resulted in a reduction of reserves related to uncertain tax positions that did not recur in 2017.

42




Segment Results of Operations – 2017 vs. 2016
We evaluate the operating performance of our operating segments based on financial measures such as revenues and Adjusted OIBDA. Adjusted OIBDA is defined as operating income excluding: (i) mark-to-market share-based compensation, (ii) depreciation and amortization, (iii) restructuring and other charges, (iv) certain impairment charges, (v) gains and losses on business and asset dispositions, and (vi) certain inter-segment eliminations related to production studios. Additionally, beginning with the quarter ended September 30, 2017, Adjusted OIBDA also excludes material incremental third-party transaction costs directly related to the Scripps Networks acquisition and planned integration. We use this measure to assess the operating results and performance of our segments, perform analytical comparisons, identify strategies to improve performance, and allocate resources to each segment. We believe Adjusted OIBDA is relevant to investors because it allows them to analyze the operating performance of each segment using the same metric management uses. We exclude mark-to-market share-based compensation, restructuring and other charges, certain impairment charges, gains and losses on business and asset dispositions and Scripps Networks acquisition and integration costs from the calculation of Adjusted OIBDA due to their impact on comparability between periods. We also exclude the depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangible assets and deferred launch incentives as these amounts do not represent cash payments in the current reporting period. Certain corporate expenses and inter-segment eliminations related to production studios are excluded from segment results to enable executive management to evaluate segment performance based upon the decisions of segment executives. As of January 1, 2017, the Company no longer excludes amortization of deferred launch incentives in calculating total Adjusted OIBDA as this expense is not material. For the year ended December 31, 2016 , deferred launch incentives of $13 million were not reflected as an adjustment to the calculation of total Adjusted OIBDA in order to conform to the current presentation.
Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, but not a substitute for, operating income, net (loss) income and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
Additional financial information for our segments and geographical areas in which we do business is discussed in Note 21 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The table below presents the calculation of total Adjusted OIBDA (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Networks
 
$
3,434

 
$
3,285

 
5
 %
International Networks
 
3,281

 
3,040

 
8
 %
Education and Other
 
158

 
174

 
(9
)%
Corporate and inter-segment eliminations
 

 
(2
)
 
NM

Total revenue
 
6,873

 
6,497

 
6
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(2,656
)

(2,432
)
 
9
 %
Selling, general and administrative (a)
 
(1,686
)

(1,652
)
 
2
 %
Total Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,531

 
$
2,413

 
5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Selling, general and administrative expenses exclude mark-to-market share-based compensation, restructuring and other charges, gains (losses) on dispositions and third-party transaction costs directly related to the Scripps Networks acquisition and planned integration.


43




The table below presents a reconciliation of consolidated net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. to total Adjusted OIBDA (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
(337
)
 
$
1,194

 
(128
)%
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
24

 
23

 
4
 %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 
1

 
NM

Income tax expense
 
176

 
453

 
(61
)%
Other expense (income), net
 
110

 
(4
)
 
NM

Loss from equity investees, net
 
211

 
38

 
NM

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
54

 

 
NM

Interest expense
 
475

 
353

 
35
 %
Operating income
 
713

 
2,058

 
(65
)%
Loss (gain) on disposition
 
4

 
(63
)
 
NM

Restructuring and other charges
 
75

 
58

 
29
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
330

 
322

 
2
 %
Impairment of goodwill
 
1,327

 

 
NM

Mark-to-market share-based compensation
 
3

 
38

 
NM

Scripps Networks transaction and integration costs
 
79

 

 
NM

Total Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,531

 
$
2,413

 
5
 %
U.S. Networks
The table below presents, for our U.S. Networks segment, revenues by type, certain operating expenses, Adjusted OIBDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating income (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
1,612

 
$
1,532

 
5
 %
Advertising
 
1,740

 
1,690

 
3
 %
Other
 
82

 
63

 
30
 %
Total revenues
 
3,434

 
3,285

 
5
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(917
)
 
(891
)
 
3
 %
Selling, general and administrative
 
(491
)
 
(472
)
 
4
 %
Adjusted OIBDA
 
2,026

 
1,922

 
5
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
(35
)
 
(28
)
 
25
 %
Restructuring and other charges
 
(18
)
 
(15
)
 
20
 %
Gain on dispositions
 

 
50

 
NM

Inter-segment eliminations
 
(12
)
 
(14
)
 
(14
)%
Operating income
 
$
1,961

 
$
1,915

 
2
 %
Revenues
Distribution revenue consists principally of fees from affiliates for distributing our linear networks, supplemented by revenue earned from SVOD content licensing and other emerging forms of digital distribution. Distribution revenues increased 5% . Excluding the impact of the OWN acquisition, distribution revenues increased 4% , primarily driven by increases in affiliate fee rates and increases in SVOD revenue due to the timing of content deliveries. These increases were partially offset by a decline in affiliate subscribers. Total portfolio subscribers declined 5% for the year ended December 31, 2017 , while subscribers to our fully distributed networks declined 3% for the same period.
Advertising revenue increased 3% . Excluding the impact of the OWN and TEN acquisitions and the Group Nine Transaction, advertising revenue increased 2% for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase was primarily due to pricing

44




increases and continued monetization of our GO platform, partially offset by lower audience delivery due to continued linear distribution audience universe declines.
Other revenue increased 30% primarily due to the formation and consolidation of the VTEN joint venture during the third quarter of the current year. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Costs of Revenues
Costs of revenues increased 3% for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Excluding the impact of OWN and TEN acquisitions and the Group Nine Transaction, costs of revenue increased 1% . Content amortization was $752 million and $716 million for 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 4% . Excluding the impact of OWN and TEN acquisitions and the Group Nine Transaction, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 1% for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Increased spending on viewer research was offset by decreases in personnel and marketing costs.
Adjusted OIBDA
Adjusted OIBDA increased 5% primarily due to increases in distribution and advertising revenues, partially offset by increases in costs of revenues. Excluding the impact of the OWN and TEN acquisitions and the Group Nine Transaction, adjusted OIBDA also increased 5% .
International Networks
The following table presents, for our International Networks segment, revenues by type, certain operating expenses, Adjusted OIBDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating income (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
1,862

 
$
1,681

 
11
 %
Advertising
 
1,332

 
1,279

 
4
 %
Other
 
87

 
80

 
9
 %
Total revenues
 
3,281

 
3,040

 
8
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(1,677
)
 
(1,462
)
 
15
 %
Selling, general and administrative
 
(745
)
 
(743
)
 
 %
Adjusted OIBDA
 
859

 
835

 
3
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
(222
)
 
(221
)
 
 %
Impairment of goodwill
 
(489
)
 

 
NM

Restructuring and other charges
 
(42
)
 
(26
)
 
62
 %
Gain on disposition
 


13

 
NM

Inter-segment eliminations
 

 
(4
)
 
NM

Operating income
 
$
106

 
$
597

 
(82
)%
Revenues
Distribution revenue increased 11% . Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, distribution revenue increased 9% . The increase was mostly due to increases in contractual rates in Europe following further investment in sports content, and to a lesser extent increases in Latin America due to increases in rates offset by decreases in subscribers. Contributions from other distribution revenues also contributed slightly to growth. Other distribution revenues were comprised of content deliveries under licensing agreements. These increases were partially offset by decreases in contractual rates in Asia.
Advertising revenue increased 4% . Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, advertising revenue increased 3% . The increase was primarily driven by increases in volume across key markets in Europe, particularly Southern Europe and Germany, and Latin America. The increase was partially offset by declines in ad sales due to lower pricing and volume in Asia.
Other revenue remained consistent with the prior year.

45




Costs of Revenues
Costs of revenues increased 15% . Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, costs of revenues increased 12%. The increase was mostly attributable to increased spending on content, particularly sports rights and associated production costs. Content amortization was $1.1 billion and $976 million for 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses remained consistent with the prior year.
Adjusted OIBDA
Adjusted OIBDA increased 3% as increases in distribution and advertising revenues were offset by increases in costs of revenues, related to content expense.
The impairment of goodwill presented above for International Networks is a portion of the total goodwill impairment recorded for the European reporting unit during 2017. The remaining portion of the impairment of $838 million is a component of corporate and inter-segment eliminations. The presentation of goodwill impairment is consistent with the financial reports that are reviewed by the Company's CEO. Goodwill has been allocated from corporate assets to reporting units within the International Networks segment.
Education and Other
The following table presents our Education and Other operating segments' revenues, certain operating expenses, Adjusted OIBDA, and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating income (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Revenues
 
$
158

 
$
174

 
(9
)%
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(60
)
 
(79
)
 
(24
)%
Selling, general and administrative
 
(92
)
 
(105
)
 
(12
)%
Adjusted OIBDA
 
6

 
(10
)
 
NM

Depreciation and amortization
 
(5
)
 
(7
)
 
(29
)%
Restructuring and other charges
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
 
 %
Loss on disposition

 
(4
)
 

 
NM

Inter-segment eliminations
 
12

 
18

 
(33
)%
Operating income (loss)
 
$
6

 
$
(2
)
 
NM


Adjusted OIBDA increased $16 million . The increase was primarily due to improved operating results for the education business and the disposition of the Raw and Betty production studios.
Corporate and Inter-segment Eliminations
The following table presents our unallocated corporate amounts including revenue, certain operating expenses, Adjusted OIBDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating loss (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Revenues
 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
NM

Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(2
)
 

 
NM

Selling, general and administrative
 
(358
)
 
(332
)
 
8
 %
Adjusted OIBDA
 
(360
)
 
(334
)
 
8
 %
Mark-to-market share-based compensation
 
(3
)
 
(38
)
 
NM

Depreciation and amortization
 
(68
)
 
(66
)
 
3
 %
Impairment of goodwill
 
(838
)
 

 
NM

Restructuring and other charges
 
(12
)
 
(14
)
 
(14
)%
Scripps Networks transaction and integration costs
 
(79
)
 

 
NM

Operating loss
 
$
(1,360
)
 
$
(452
)
 
NM


46




Corporate operations primarily consist of executive management, administrative support services, substantially all of our share-based compensation and transaction and integration costs related to the Scripps Networks acquisition.
Adjusted OIBDA decreased 8% due to increased costs related to personnel, legal and technology for data security.
The impairment of goodwill presented above for corporate and inter-segment eliminations is a portion of the total goodwill impairment recorded for the European reporting unit during 2017. The remaining portion of the impairment of $489 million is a component of our International Networks segment. The presentation of goodwill impairment is consistent with the financial reports that are reviewed by the Company's CEO. Goodwill has been allocated from corporate assets to reporting units within corporate and inter-segment eliminations.
The decrease in mark-to-market share-based compensation expense was primarily attributable to a decrease in Discovery's stock price in 2017 compared to 2016 . Changes in stock price are a key driver of fair value estimates used in the attribution of expense for stock appreciation rights ("SARs") and performance-based restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). By contrast, stock options and service-based restricted stock units ("RSUs") are fair valued at grant date and amortized over their vesting period without mark-to-market adjustments. The expense associated with stock options and RSUs is included in Adjusted OIBDA as a component of selling, general and administrative expense.
Items Impacting Comparability
From time to time certain items may impact the comparability of our consolidated results of operations between two periods. In comparing the financial results for the years 2017 and 2016 , the Company has identified foreign currency as one such item, as noted below. The Company also has various acquisitions and dispositions that impact the comparability of our results. To the extent that the transaction materially impacts a particular item or segment, it may be discussed in the relevant section above (see Note 3 to the accompanying consolidating financial statements).
Foreign Currency
The impact of exchange rates on our business is an important factor in understanding period to period comparisons of our results. For example, our international revenues are favorably impacted as the U.S. dollar weakens relative to other foreign currencies, and unfavorably impacted as the U.S dollar strengthens relative to other foreign currencies. We believe the presentation of results on a constant currency basis ("ex-FX"), in addition to results reported in accordance with GAAP, provides useful information about our operating performance because the presentation ex-FX excludes the effects of foreign currency volatility and highlights our core operating results. The presentation of results on a constant currency basis should be considered in addition to, but not a substitute for, measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP.
The ex-FX change represents the percentage change on a period-over-period basis adjusted for foreign currency impacts. The ex-FX change is calculated as the difference between the current year amounts translated at a baseline rate, a spot rate for each of our currencies determined early in the fiscal year as part of our forecasting process, (the “2016 Baseline Rate”) and the prior year amounts translated at the same 2016 Baseline Rate. In addition, consistent with the assumption of a constant currency environment, our ex-FX results exclude the impact of our foreign currency hedging activities as well as realized and unrealized foreign currency transaction gains and losses. The impact of foreign currency on the comparability of our results is reflected in the tables below (in millions). Results on a constant currency basis, as we present them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Consolidated
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
(Reported)
 
% Change
(ex-FX)
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
3,474

 
$
3,213

 
8
%
 
7
%
Advertising
 
3,073

 
2,970

 
3
%
 
3
%
Other
 
326

 
314

 
4
%
 
6
%
Total revenues
 
6,873

 
6,497

 
6
%
 
5
%
Costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(2,656
)

(2,432
)
 
9
%
 
8
%
Selling, general and administrative expense
 
(1,686
)

(1,652
)
 
2
%
 
2
%
Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,531

 
$
2,413

 
5
%
 
5
%

47





International Networks
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
(Reported)
 
% Change
(ex-FX)
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
1,862

 
$
1,681

 
11
%
 
9
 %
Advertising
 
1,332

 
1,279

 
4
%
 
3
 %
Other
 
87

 
80

 
9
%
 
8
 %
Total revenues
 
3,281

 
3,040

 
8
%
 
7
 %
Costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(1,677
)
 
(1,462
)
 
15
%
 
12
 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
(745
)
 
(743
)
 
%
 
 %
Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
859

 
$
835

 
3
%
 
3
 %

48




RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – 2016 vs. 2015
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
3,213

 
$
3,068

 
5
 %
Advertising
 
2,970

 
3,004

 
(1
)%
Other
 
314

 
322

 
(2
)%
Total revenues
 
6,497

 
6,394

 
2
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
2,432

 
2,343

 
4
 %
Selling, general and administrative
 
1,690

 
1,669

 
1
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
322

 
330

 
(2
)%
Restructuring and other charges
 
58

 
50

 
16
 %
(Gain) loss on disposition
 
(63
)
 
17

 
NM

Total costs and expenses
 
4,439

 
4,409

 
1
 %
Operating income
 
2,058

 
1,985

 
4
 %
Interest expense
 
(353
)
 
(330
)
 
7
 %
(Loss) income ncome from equity method investees, net
 
(38
)
 
1

 
NM

Other income (expense), net
 
4

 
(97
)
 
NM

Income before income taxes
 
1,671

 
1,559

 
7
 %
Income taxes
 
(453
)
 
(511
)
 
(11
)%
Net income
 
1,218

 
1,048

 
16
 %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
 %
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(23
)
 
(13
)
 
77
 %
Net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
1,194

 
$
1,034

 
15
 %

NM - Not meaningful
Revenues
Distribution revenue includes affiliate fees and digital distribution revenue and is largely dependent on the rates negotiated in our distribution agreements, the number of subscribers that receive our networks or content, and the market demand for the content that we provide. Distribution revenue increased 5%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the acquisition of Eurosport France in March 2015, distribution revenue increased 7% at our U.S. Networks segment and 9% at our International Networks segment. U.S. Networks distribution revenue increased primarily due to contractual rate increases partially offset by slight declines in subscribers. International Networks' distribution revenue increases were mostly due to increases in rates in Europe and increases in subscribers and rates in Latin America.
Advertising revenue is dependent upon a number of factors, including the stage of development of television markets, the number of subscribers to our channels, viewership demographics, the popularity of our content, our ability to sell commercial time over a group of channels, market demand, the mix of sales of commercial time between the upfront and scatter markets, and economic conditions. These factors impact the pricing and volume of our advertising inventory. Advertising revenue decreased 1%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the disposition of the Company's radio business, advertising revenue increased 2% as a result of increases of 2% at our U.S. Networks and 3% at our International Networks. The increase for our U.S. Networks was due to inventory management and pricing increases, partially offset by a decline in ratings. The increase for our International Networks was primarily driven by ratings and volume in Southern Europe, and to a lesser extent, pricing, ratings and volume in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“CEEMEA”), partially offset by lower ratings in Northern Europe.
Other revenue decreased 2%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the disposition of the Company's radio business, other revenue, which includes revenues from services provided to equity investees, increased 3%. This was due to increases at our U.S. Networks offset by decreases at our International Networks.


49




Costs of Revenues
Costs of revenues increased 4%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, the acquisition of Eurosport France in March 2015 and the disposition of the Company's radio business, costs of revenues increased 7% for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to increased spending for content on our networks, particularly sports rights and associated production costs, and increases in content impairments in Northern Europe as a result of changes in programming strategies. Content amortization was $1.7 billion and $1.6 billion for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of employee costs, marketing costs, research costs, occupancy and back office support fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 1%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the disposition of the Company's radio business, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 5% for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was due to increases in mark-to-market equity-based compensation expense from increases in the Company's stock price and marketing expense.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense includes depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of finite-lived intangible assets. Depreciation and amortization declined slightly for the year ended December 31, 2016 as there were slight declines in capital spending and no new significant business combinations.
Restructuring and Other Charge s
Restructuring and other charges increased $8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to personnel-related termination costs for voluntary and involuntary severance actions in the second quarter of 2016. (See Note 15 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) This increase was partially offset by decreases in content impairments that were classified as other charges.
(Gain) Loss on Disposition
Gain on disposition increased $80 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as a result of a gain recorded upon the deconsolidation of our digital networks businesses Seeker and SourceFed Studios on December 2, 2016 in connection with the Group Nine Media transaction, and the recognition of a gain following the resolution of the final contingent payment for the sale of the radio business, compared with an expected loss in the prior year. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily due to the March 11, 2016 issuance of the 4.90% senior notes due March 2026. (See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
(Loss) Income from Equity Investees, net
Losses from our equity method investees increased $39 million due to investments in limited liability companies that sponsor renewable energy projects related to solar energy and increased losses at All3Media for derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting. (See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)

50




Other Expense, Net
         
The table below presents the details of other income (expense), net (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
Foreign currency gains (losses), net
 
$
75

 
$
(103
)
(Losses) gains on derivative instruments
 
(12
)
 
5

Remeasurement gain on previously held equity interest
 

 
2

Other-than-temporary impairment of AFS investments
 
(62
)
 

Other income (expense), net
 
3

 
(1
)
Total other income (expense), net

 
$
4

 
$
(97
)
Other income (expense), net increased $101 million in 2016. The change is primarily the result of gains in foreign currency offset by a $62 million other-than-temporary impairment in the value of our Lionsgate shares (see Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). The change in foreign currency (gains) losses, net is caused by the remeasurement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2016, exchange rate changes in the British pound resulted in net remeasurement gains. The gains in the current year are in contrast to losses in the prior period for the remeasurement of our 1.90% euro-dominated senior notes due March 19, 2027, which have been effectively hedged for the year ended December 31, 2016 , and remeasurement losses on monetary assets in Venezuela following a steep decline in value during the prior year.
Income Taxes
The following table reconciles the Company's effective income tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
 
35
 %
 
35
 %
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit
 
(2
)%
 
2
 %
Effect of foreign operations
 
(1
)%
 
1
 %
Domestic production activity deductions
 
(4
)%
 
(3
)%
Change in uncertain tax positions
 
 %
 
(1
)%
Renewable energy investments tax credits
 
(1
)%
 
 %
Other, net
 
 %
 
(1
)%
Effective income tax rate
 
27
 %
 
33
 %
Income tax expense was $453 million and $511 million and the effective tax rate was 27% and 33% for 2016 and 2015, respectively. The net 6% decrease in the effective tax rate was attributable to the resolution of multi-year state tax positions that resulted in a reduction of reserves related to uncertain tax positions, allocation and taxation of income among multiple foreign and domestic jurisdictions, the impact of various foreign legislative changes, and tax credits that we receive related to our renewable energy investments. The decrease was partially offset by 2015 favorable audit resolutions which positively impacted the assessment of uncertain tax positions for 2015 but did not recur in 2016. (See Note 16 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)


51




Segment Results of Operations – 2016 vs. 2015
As of January 1, 2017, the Company no longer excludes amortization of deferred launch incentives in calculating total Adjusted OIBDA as this expense is not material. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, deferred launch incentives of $13 million and $16 million, respectively, were not reflected as an adjustment to the calculation of total Adjusted OIBDA in order to conform to the current presentation.
The table below presents the calculation of total Adjusted OIBDA (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Networks
 
$
3,285

 
$
3,131

 
5
 %
International Networks
 
3,040

 
3,092

 
(2
)%
Education and Other
 
174

 
173

 
1
 %
Corporate and inter-segment eliminations
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
 
 %
Total revenues
 
6,497

 
6,394

 
2
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(2,432
)
 
(2,343
)
 
4
 %
Selling, general and administrative (a)
 
(1,652
)
 
(1,669
)
 
(1
)%
Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,413

 
$
2,382

 
1
 %
(a) Selling, general and administrative expenses exclude mark-to-market share-based compensation, restructuring and other charges and gains (losses) on dispositions.
The table below presents our Adjusted OIBDA, with a reconciliation of consolidated net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. to total Adjusted OIBDA (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
Net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
1,194

 
$
1,034

 
15
 %
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
23

 
13

 
NM

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
1

 
1

 
 %
Income tax expense
 
453

 
511

 
(11
)%
Other (expense) income, net
 
(4
)
 
97

 
NM

Income (loss) from equity investees, net
 
38

 
(1
)
 
NM

Interest expense
 
353

 
330

 
7
 %
Operating income
 
2,058

 
1,985

 
4
 %
(Gain) loss on disposition
 
(63
)
 
17

 
NM

Restructuring and other charges
 
58

 
50

 
16
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
322

 
330

 
(2
)%
Mark-to-market share-based compensation
 
38

 

 
(100
)%
Total Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,413

 
$
2,382

 
1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted OIBDA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Networks
 
$
1,922

 
$
1,774

 
8
 %
International Networks
 
835

 
945

 
(12
)%
Education and Other
 
(10
)
 
(2
)
 
NM

Corporate and inter-segment eliminations
 
(334
)
 
(335
)
 
 %
Total Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,413

 
$
2,382

 
1
 %

52




U.S. Networks
The following table presents, for our U.S. Networks segment, revenues by type, certain operating expenses, contra revenue amounts, Adjusted OIBDA, and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating income (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
1,532

 
$
1,431

 
7
 %
Advertising
 
1,690

 
1,650

 
2
 %
Other
 
63

 
50

 
26
 %
Total revenues
 
3,285

 
3,131

 
5
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(891
)
 
(892
)
 
 %
Selling, general and administrative
 
(472
)
 
(465
)
 
2
 %
Adjusted OIBDA
 
1,922

 
1,774

 
8
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
(28
)
 
(29
)
 
(3
)%
Restructuring and other charges
 
(15
)
 
(33
)
 
(55
)%
Gain on disposition
 
50

 

 
NM

Inter-segment eliminations
 
(14
)
 
(8
)
 
75
 %
Operating income
 
$
1,915

 
$
1,704

 
12
 %
Revenues
Distribution revenue increased 7%, primarily due to contractual rate increases that include market adjustments for certain recent contract renewals partially offset by slight declines in subscribers.
Advertising revenue increased 2%, due to inventory management and pricing increases, partially offset by a decline in ratings.
Other revenue increased 26%, primarily due to increases in services provided to equity method investees.
Costs of Revenues
Costs of revenues remained consistent with the prior period. Content amortization was $716 million and $714 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 2% as increased spending on marketing was offset by decreases in personnel costs.
Adjusted OIBDA
Adjusted OIBDA increased 8%, primarily due to increases in distribution and advertising revenue.

53




International Networks
The following table presents, for our International Networks segment, revenues by type, certain operating expenses, certain contra revenue amounts, Adjusted OIBDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating income (in millions). In addition, see the International Networks' table in "Results of Operations – 2016 vs. 2015 – Items Impacting Comparability" for more information on Eurosport.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
1,681

 
$
1,637

 
3
 %
Advertising
 
1,279

 
1,353

 
(5
)%
Other
 
80

 
102

 
(22
)%
Total revenues
 
3,040

 
3,092

 
(2
)%
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(1,462
)
 
(1,375
)
 
6
 %
Selling, general and administrative
 
(743
)
 
(772
)
 
(4
)%
Adjusted OIBDA
 
835

 
945

 
(12
)%
Depreciation and amortization
 
(221
)
 
(235
)
 
(6
)%
Restructuring and other charges
 
(26
)
 
(14
)
 
86
 %
Loss on disposition
 
13

 
(17
)
 
NM

Inter-segment eliminations
 
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
33
 %
Operating income
 
$
597

 
$
676

 
(12
)%
Revenues
Distribution revenue increased 3%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the acquisition of Eurosport France in March 2015, distribution revenue increased 9%. The increase was mostly due to increases in rates in Europe and increases in subscribers and rates in Latin America. Such growth is consistent with the value negotiated in new arrangements following investment in sports content in markets in Europe and the continued development of the pay-TV markets in Latin America.
Advertising revenue decreased 5%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the disposition of the Company's radio business, advertising revenue increased 3%. The increase was primarily driven by ratings and volume in Southern Europe, and, to a lesser extent, pricing, ratings and volume in CEEMEA, partially offset by lower ratings in Northern Europe and lower price, ratings and volume in Asia.
Other revenue decreased 22%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the disposition of the Company's radio business, other revenue decreased 17% due to a reduction in sublicensing revenue for Eurosport.
Costs of Revenues
Costs of revenues increased 6%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, the acquisition of Eurosport France in March 2015, and the disposition of the Company's radio business, costs of revenues increased 11%. The increase was mostly attributable to increased spending on content, particularly sports rights and associated production costs, and increases in content impairments, primarily in Northern Europe as a result of changes in programming strategies. Content amortization was $976 million and $906 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 4%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the disposition of the Company's radio business, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 4%. The components of selling, general and administrative expenses included increases in personnel expenses and marketing costs.
Adjusted OIBDA
Adjusted OIBDA decreased 12%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and the disposition of the Company's radio business, Adjusted OIBDA decreased 3%. The decrease was primarily due to higher content expense partially offset by increases in distribution revenue.

54




Education and Other
The following table presents, for our Education and Other operating segments, revenue, certain operating expenses, Adjusted OIBDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating income (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
Revenues
 
$
174

 
$
173

 
1
%
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
(79
)
 
(75
)
 
5
%
Selling, general and administrative
 
(105
)
 
(100
)
 
5
%
Adjusted OIBDA
 
(10
)
 
(2
)
 
NM

Depreciation and amortization
 
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
%
Restructuring and other charges
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
50
%
Inter-segment eliminations
 
18

 
11

 
64
%
Operating income
 
$
(2
)
 
$

 
NM

Adjusted OIBDA decreased $8 million. The decrease was primarily due to additional operational spending to invest in Education's digital textbooks, which more than offset improvements in operating expenses at the Studios business.
Corporate and Inter-segment Eliminations
The following table presents, for our unallocated corporate amounts, revenue, certain operating expenses, Adjusted OIBDA, and a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to operating loss (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
Revenues
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(2
)
 
 %
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 

 
(1
)
 
NM

Selling, general and administrative
 
(332
)
 
(332
)
 
 %
Adjusted OIBDA
 
(334
)
 
(335
)
 
 %
Mark-to-market equity-based compensation
 
(38
)
 

 
NM

Depreciation and amortization
 
(66
)
 
(59
)
 
12
 %
Restructuring and other charges
 
(14
)
 
(1
)
 
NM

Operating loss
 
$
(452
)
 
$
(395
)
 
14
 %
Corporate operations primarily consist of executive management, administrative support services and substantially all of our equity-based compensation.
Adjusted OIBDA remained consistent with the prior period.
The increase in mark-to-market equity-based compensation expense was primarily attributable to an increase in Discovery's stock price in 2016 compared to 2015. Changes in stock price are a key driver of fair value estimates used in the attribution of expense for stock appreciation rights ("SARs") and performance-based restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). By contrast, stock options and service-based restricted stock units ("RSUs") are fair valued at grant date and amortized over their vesting period without mark-to-market adjustments. The expense associated with stock options and RSUs is included in Adjusted OIBDA as a component of selling, general and administrative expense.
Items Impacting Comparability
From time to time, certain items may impact the comparability of our consolidated results of operations between two periods. In comparing the financial results for the years 2016 and 2015 , the Company has identified foreign currency and the impact of the acquisition of Eurosport as items impacting comparability between periods, as noted below.
Foreign Currency
The impact of exchange rates on our business is an important factor in understanding period to period comparisons of our results. For example, our international revenues are favorably impacted as the U.S. dollar weakens relative to other foreign currencies, and unfavorably impacted as the U.S dollar strengthens relative to other foreign currencies. We believe the presentation of results on a constant currency basis (ex-FX), in addition to results reported in accordance with GAAP provides useful

55




information about our operating performance because the presentation ex-FX excludes the effects of foreign currency volatility and highlights our core operating results. The presentation of results on a constant currency basis should be considered in addition to, but not a substitute for, measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP.
The ex-FX change represents the percentage change on a period-over-period basis adjusted for foreign currency impacts. The ex-FX change is calculated as the difference between the current year amounts translated at a baseline rate, a spot rate for each of our currencies determined early in the fiscal year as part of our forecasting process, (the “2015 Baseline Rate”) and the prior year amounts translated at the same 2015 Baseline Rate. In addition, consistent with the assumption of a constant currency environment, our ex-FX results exclude the impact of our foreign currency hedging activities as well as realized and unrealized foreign currency transaction gains and losses. The impact of foreign currency on the comparability of our results is reflected in the tables below (in millions). Results on a constant currency basis, as we present them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Consolidated
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
(Reported)
 
% Change
(ex-FX)
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
3,213

 
$
3,068

 
5
 %
 
9
%
Advertising
 
2,970

 
3,004

 
(1
)%
 
1
%
Other
 
314

 
322

 
(2
)%
 
2
%
Total revenues
 
6,497

 
6,394

 
2
 %
 
4
%
Costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
2,432

 
2,343

 
4
 %
 
6
%
Selling, general and administrative expense
 
1,690

 
1,669

 
1
 %
 
4
%
Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,413

 
$
2,382

 
1
 %
 
5
%

International Networks
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
% Change
(Reported)
 
% Change
(ex-FX)
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
1,681

 
$
1,637

 
3
 %
 
10
 %
Advertising
 
1,279

 
1,353

 
(5
)%
 
(2
)%
Other
 
80

 
102

 
(22
)%
 
(20
)%
Total revenues
 
3,040

 
3,092

 
(2
)%
 
4
 %
Costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
1,462

 
1,375

 
6
 %
 
10
 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
743

 
772

 
(4
)%
 
1
 %
Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
835

 
$
945

 
(12
)%
 
(4
)%
There are no other items impacting comparability.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
Sources of Cash
Historically, we have generated a significant amount of cash from operations. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we funded our working capital needs primarily through cash flows from operations. As of December 31, 2017 , we had $7.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents on hand. We maintain an effective Registration Statement on Form S-3 that allows us to conduct registered offerings of securities, including debt securities, common stock and preferred stock. Access to sufficient capital from the public market is not assured.

56




Debt
Debt Incurred for the Scripps Networks Acquisition
In August and September 2017, the Company entered into $2 billion of term loan credit facilities and issued $6.8 billion of senior notes to fund a portion of the Scripps Networks acquisition. On September 21, 2017, DCL, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, issued $5.9 billion in senior fixed rate notes, $400 million in senior floating rate notes (together, the "2017 USD Notes") and £400 million principal amount of 2.500% fixed rate senior notes (the "Sterling Notes"), collectively the "2017 Senior Notes." Using exchange rates as of December 31, 2017 , the senior notes had a weighted average effective interest rate of 3.9% without including the impact of debt issuance costs. The proceeds received by DCL from the 2017 Senior Notes were net of a $11 million issuance discount and $57 million of debt issuance costs. The 2017 Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. Some of these proceeds have been invested in short-term investments until the closing of the acquisition. Approximately $5.9 billion aggregate principal amount of the senior notes is subject to repayment by the Company to satisfy provisions related to the special mandatory redemption provision attached to certain series of the 2017 Senior Notes. The special mandatory redemption provision requires the Company to redeem the applicable senior notes for a price equal to 101% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the applicable senior notes, following a termination of the Scripps Networks Merger Agreement or if the merger does not close prior to August 30, 2018. The $5.9 billion principal amount of senior notes subject to the special mandatory redemption provision will be classified as noncurrent until either of the contingent events which would trigger the redemption has occurred. As of December 31, 2017 , neither of the contingent events have occurred and therefore these senior notes are classified as noncurrent.
On August 11, 2017, DCL, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a three-year delayed draw tranche and a five-year delayed draw tranche unsecured term loan credit facility (the "Term Loans"), each with a principal amount of up to $1 billion . The term of each delayed draw loan begins when Discovery borrows the funds to finance a portion of the purchase price of the Scripps Networks acquisition. The Term Loans' interest rates are based, at the Company's option, on either adjusted LIBOR plus a margin or an alternate base rate plus a margin. The Company will pay a commitment fee of 20 basis points per annum for each loan, based on its current credit rating, beginning September 28, 2017 until either the funding of the Term Loans or the termination of the Scripps Networks acquisition. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has not yet borrowed on the term loan credit facilities.
Issuance of Debt to Fund the Tender Offer for Outstanding Senior Notes
On March 13, 2017 , DCL issued $ 450 million principal amount of 3.80% senior notes due March 13, 2024 (the "March 2017 USD Notes") and an additional $200 million principal amount of its existing 4.90% senior notes due March 11, 2026 (the "2016 USD Notes"). The Company used the proceeds to fund the repurchase of $600 million of combined aggregate principal amount of our then-outstanding senior notes through a cash tender offer that also closed on March 13, 2017.
All of DCL's outstanding senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured and unsubordinated basis by Discovery and contain certain covenants, events of default and other customary provisions.
Revolving Credit Facility
We also have access to a $2.5 billion revolving credit facility, as amended on August 11, 2017 (See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). Borrowing capacity under this agreement is reduced by the amount of outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper program. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility of $425 million at a weighted average interest rate of 2.69% . The revolving credit facility agreement provides for a maturity date of August 11, 2022 , and the option for two additional 364-day renewal periods. All obligations of DCL and the other borrowers under the revolving credit facility are unsecured and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Discovery. Borrowings may be used for general corporate purposes.
The credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) contains customary representations, warranties and events of default, as well as affirmative and negative covenants, which mirror the provisions of the credit agreement governing the Term Loans, including limitations on liens, investments, indebtedness, dispositions, affiliate transactions, dividends and restricted payments. DCL, its subsidiaries and Discovery are also subject to a limitation on mergers, liquidation and disposals of all or substantially all of their assets. The Credit Agreement, as amended on August 11, 2017, continues to require DCL to maintain a consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of no less than 3.00 to 1.00 and now requires a consolidated leverage ratio of financial covenant of 5.50 to 1.00, with step-downs to 5.00 to 1.00 in the first year after the closing and 4.50 to 1.00 in the second year after the closing. As of December 31, 2017 , Discovery, DCL and the other borrowers were in compliance with all covenants and there were no events of default under the Credit Agreement.

57




Commercial Paper
Under our commercial paper program and subject to market conditions, DCL may issue unsecured commercial paper notes guaranteed by the Company from time to time up to an aggregate principal amount outstanding at any given time of $1.0 billion . The maturities of these notes will vary but may not exceed 397 days. The notes may be issued at a discount or at par, and interest rates vary based on market conditions and the credit ratings assigned to the notes at the time of issuance. As of December 31, 2017 , we had no commercial paper borrowings outstanding. Borrowings under the commercial paper program would reduce the borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility arrangement referenced above.
We repay our senior notes, term loans, revolving credit facility and commercial paper as required, and accordingly these sources of cash also require use of our cash.
Cash Settlement of Common Stock Repurchase Contract
We elected to settle our outstanding prepaid common stock repurchase contract in cash during the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 , resulting in the receipt of $58 million . The cash received was inclusive of a $1 million premium over the $57 million up-front cash payment made in 2016 and was determined by the market price of our Series C common stock during the settlement period in March 2017 . (See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Dispositions
On February 26, 2018 , we announced the planned sale of a controlling equity stake in its education business in the first half of 2018 to Francisco Partners for cash of $120 million . No loss is expected upon sale. The Company will retain an equity interest. (See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Real Estate Strategy and Relocation of Global Headquarters
On January 9, 2018 , we announced a new real estate strategy with plans to relocate the Company's global headquarters from Silver Spring, Maryland to New York City, New York in 2019. Contingent upon the closing of our acquisition of Scripps Networks, we will establish a National Operation Headquarters at Scripps Networks' current campus in Knoxville, Tennessee. The sale and closure of our Silver Spring building is expected approximately one year from the closing of the Scripps Networks transaction.

Uses of Cash
Our primary uses of cash include the creation and acquisition of new content, business acquisitions, repurchases of our capital stock, income taxes, personnel costs, principal and interest payments on our outstanding debt, and funding for various investments.
Investments and Business Combinations
Scripps Networks Acquisition
On February 26, 2018 , the U.S. Department of Justice notified the Company that it has closed its investigation into Discovery's agreement for a plan of merger to acquire Scripps Networks in a cash-and-stock transaction. The estimated merger consideration for the acquisition totals $12.0 billion , including cash of $8.4 billion and stock of $3.6 billion based on the Series C common stock price as of January 31, 2018 . In addition, the Company will assume Scripps Networks' net debt of approximately $2.7 billion in aggregate principal amount. The transaction is expected to close by early 2018.
Scripps Networks shareholders will receive $63.00 per share in cash and a number of shares of Discovery's Series C common stock that is determined in accordance with a formula and subject to a collar based on the volume weighted average price of the Company's Series C common stock. The formula is based on the volume weighted average price of Discovery's Series C common stock over the 15 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to closing (the “Average Discovery Price”). Scripps Networks shareholders will receive 1.2096 shares of Discovery's Series C common stock if the Average Discovery Price is below $22.32 , and 0.9408 shares of Discovery's Series C common stock if the Average Discovery Price is above $28.70 . The intent of the range was to provide Scripps Networks shareholders with $27.00 of value per share in Discovery Series C common stock; if the Average Discovery Price is greater than or equal to $22.32 but less than or equal to $28.70 , Scripps Networks shareholders will receive a proportional number of shares between 1.2096 and 0.9408 . If the Average Discovery Price is below $25.51 , Discovery has the option to pay additional cash instead of issuing more shares above the 1.0584 conversation ratio required at $25.51 . The cash payment is equal to the product of the additional shares required under the collar formula multiplied by the Average Discovery Price; for example, if the Average Discovery Price were $22.32 with a conversion ratio of 1.2096 , the Company could offer shares at the 1.0584 ratio and pay for the difference associated with the incremental

58




shares in cash. Outstanding employee equity awards or share-based awards that vest upon the change of control will be acquired with a similar combination of cash and shares of Discovery Series C common stock pursuant to terms specified in the Merger Agreement. Therefore, the merger consideration will fluctuate based upon changes in the share price of Discovery Series C common stock and the number of Scripps Networks common shares, stock options, and other equity-based awards outstanding on the closing date. Discovery will also pay certain transaction costs incurred by Scripps Networks. The post-closing impact of the formula was intended to result in Scripps Networks’ shareholders owning approximately 20% of Discovery’s fully diluted common shares and Discovery’s shareholders owning approximately 80% . The Company will utilize previously issued debt proceeds (see Note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) and cash on hand to finance the cash portion of the transaction. The transaction is subject to approvals and other customary closing conditions.
On July 30, 2017 , the Company obtained a commitment letter from a financial institution for a $9.6 billion unsecured bridge term loan facility that could have been used to complete the Scripps Networks acquisition. No amounts were drawn under the bridge loan commitment and the commitment was terminated on September 21, 2017 , following the execution of the Term Loans and the issuance of the 2017 Senior Notes. The Company incurred $40 million of debt issuance costs related to the bridge loan commitment.
During 2017, the Company issued $6.8 billion in senior notes to fund the anticipated Scripps Networks acquisition (See Note 3 and Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) Of these total proceeds, $2.7 billion were invested in money market funds, $1.3 billion were invested in time deposit accounts, and the remainder was invested in highly liquid, short-term instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less. These investments are classified as cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet and are anticipated to be used for the Scripps Networks acquisition. In the interim, the Company has full access to these proceeds.
For the year ended December 31, 2017 , we incurred transaction and integration costs for the Scripps Networks acquisition of $79 million , including the $35 million charge associated with the modification of Advance/Newhouse's preferred stock. (See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) We expect to continue to incur transaction and integration costs related to the acquisition of Scripps Networks in 2018.
Other Investments and Business Combinations
Our uses of cash have included investment in equity method investments, AFS securities, cost method investments (see Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements) and business combinations. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company invested $322 million in limited liability companies that sponsor renewable energy projects related to solar energy. The Company has $20 million of future funding commitments for these investments as of December 31, 2017 and intends to reduce its investments starting in 2018. We provide funding to our equity method investees from time to time. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company acquired other equity method investments, largely to enhance the Company's digital distribution strategies and made additional contributions to existing equity method investments totaling $73 million .
On  November 30, 2017 , the Company acquired from Harpo a controlling interest in OWN increasing Discovery’s ownership stake from 49.50% to 73.99% . Discovery paid $70 million in cash and recognized a gain of $33 million  to account for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the previously held  49.50%  equity interest. The gain is included in other (expense) income, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. (See Note 3 and Note 18 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Our cost method investments as of December 31, 2017 primarily include a 42% minority interest in Group Nine Media with a carrying value of $212 million . The Company also has investments in an educational website and an electric car racing series. (See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
Due to business combinations, we also have redeemable equity balances of $413 million , which may require the use of cash in the event holders of noncontrolling interests put their interests to the Company. (See Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
Content Acquisition
We plan to continue to invest significantly in the creation and acquisition of new content. Additional information regarding contractual commitments to acquire content is set forth in “Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Common Stock Repurchase Program
Under the Company's stock repurchase program, management was authorized to purchase shares of the Company's common stock from time to time through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions at prevailing prices or pursuant to one or more accelerated stock repurchase or other derivative arrangements as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements and subject to stock price, business and market conditions and other factors. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had repurchased 3 million and 164 million shares of Series A and Series C common stock over the life of the program for the aggregate purchase price of $171 million and $6.6 billion , respectively. The Company's authorization under the program expired on October 8, 2017 , and we have not repurchased any shares of common stock since then. (See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) We have funded our stock repurchases through a combination of cash on hand, cash generated by operations and the issuance of debt. In the future, we may also choose to fund stock repurchases through borrowings under our revolving credit facility and future financing transactions.
Preferred Stock Conversion and Repurchase
Prior to the Exchange Agreement with Advance/Newhouse entered into on July 30, 2017, we had an agreement with Advance/Newhouse to repurchase, on a quarterly basis, a number of shares of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock convertible into Series C common stock purchased under the Company’s stock repurchase program during the then most recently completed fiscal quarter. The price paid per share was calculated as 99% of the average price paid for the Series C common shares repurchased by the Company during the applicable fiscal quarter multiplied by the Series C conversion rate. The Advance/Newhouse repurchases are made outside of the Company’s publicly announced stock repurchase program. The Advance/Newhouse repurchase agreement was amended on August 7, 2017 to conform the terms of the previous agreement, as detailed above, to the conversion ratio of the newly issued Series C-1 convertible preferred stock. Prior to the Exchange Agreement, we converted and retired 2.3 million shares of our Series C convertible preferred stock under the preferred stock conversion and repurchase arrangement for an aggregate purchase price of $120 million . Following the Exchange Agreement, we repurchased 0.2 million shares of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock for a purchase price of $102 million . The aggregate purchase price paid during the year ended December 31, 2017 , including Series C convertible preferred stock and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock, was $222 million . (See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Income Taxes and Interest
We expect to continue to make payments for income taxes and interest on our outstanding senior notes. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we made cash payments of $274 million and $357 million for income taxes and interest on our outstanding debt, respectively.
Restructuring and Other
Our uses of cash include restructuring costs related to management changes and cost reduction efforts, including employee terminations, intended to enable us to more efficiently operate in a leaner and more directed cost structure and invest in growth initiatives, including digital services and content creation. As of December 31, 2017 , we have restructuring liabilities of $42 million related to employee terminations. (See Note 15 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). We expect to incur additional restructuring costs following the acquisition of Scripps Networks in early 2018.
Share-Based Compensation
We expect to continue to make payments for vested cash-settled share-based awards. Actual amounts expensed and payable for cash-settled awards are dependent on future fair value calculations, which are primarily affected by changes in our stock price or changes in the number of awards outstanding. During 2017 , we paid $1 million for cash-settled share-based awards. As of December 31, 2017 , liabilities totaled $47 million for outstanding liability-classified share-based compensation awards, of which $12 million was classified as current. (See Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Repurchase of Debt
DCL used the proceeds from the offerings of the March 2017 USD Notes and the 2016 USD Notes to repurchase $600 million aggregate principal amount of DCL's 5.05% senior notes due 2020 and 5.625% senior notes due 2019 in a cash tender offer.

60




Cash Flows
Changes in cash and cash equivalents were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 
$
300

 
$
390

 
$
367

Cash provided by operating activities
 
1,629

 
1,380

 
1,294

Cash used in investing activities
 
(633
)
 
(256
)
 
(301
)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
5,951

 
(1,184
)
 
(919
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 
62

 
(30
)
 
(51
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
 
7,009

 
(90
)
 
23

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$
7,309

 
$
300

 
$
390

Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities increased $249 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 . The increase was primarily attributable to a $ 253 million decrease in cash paid for taxes. The decrease in cash paid for taxes, net, for the year ended December 31, 2017 is mostly due to the tax impact from the Company's investments in limited liability companies that sponsor renewable energy projects related to solar energy. (See Note 4 and Note 18 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) Declines in working capital, primarily due to changes in accounts receivable, were offset by a decrease in the net negative effect of foreign currency and increases in payables.  
Cash provided by operating activities increased $96 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 . Improvements in operating results were partially offset by increases in content spending, particularly for sports rights, of $131 million and the impact of foreign currency.
Investing Activities
Cash flows used in investing activities increased $377 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 . The increase was mostly attributable to an increase in payments for investments of $172 million , including renewable energy projects and payments for derivative instruments of $98 million that did not receive hedge accounting, but economically hedged pricing risk for the senior notes issued September 21, 2017.
Cash flows used in investing activities decreased $45 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 . The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in cash paid for business combinations, net of cash acquired of $80 million , partially offset by a decrease in proceeds from dispositions of businesses of $42 million .
Financing Activities
Cash flows provided by financing activities increased $7.1 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 . The increase was primarily attributable to proceeds from the issuance of senior notes which will be used to finance the Scripps Networks Acquisition (see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements) and a decrease in repurchases of stock of $771 million , offset by an increase in principal repayments of debt.
Cash flows used in financing activities increased $265 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 . The increase was attributable to an increase in repurchases of stock of $423 million and a decrease in net borrowings of $471 million , which is comprised of increases in repayments under our revolving credit facility, net of repayments, of $973 million partially offset by increased borrowings of senior notes, net of repayments, of $411 million and decreases in commercial paper repayments of $91 million . These net increases were partially offset by decreases in purchases of redeemable noncontrolling interests of $548 million and payments on hedging instruments for derivatives in connection with the effective portion of interest rate contracts of $69 million .

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Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2017 , capital resources were comprised of the following (in millions).
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Total
Capacity
 
Outstanding
Letters of
Credit
 
Outstanding
Indebtedness
 
Unused
Capacity
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
7,309

 
$

 
$

 
$
7,309

Revolving credit facility and commercial paper program
 
2,500

 
1

 
425

 
2,074

Senior notes (a)
 
14,263

 

 
14,263

 

Total
 
$
24,072

 
$
1

 
$
14,688

 
$
9,383

 
 
 
 
 
(a) Interest on our senior notes is paid annually, semi-annually or quarterly. Our senior notes outstanding as of December 31, 2017 had interest rates that ranged from 1.90% to 6.35% and will mature between 2019 and 2047.
We expect that our cash balance, cash generated from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our cash needs for the next twelve months, including any potential required payments related to the special mandatory redemption provision associated with certain senior notes issued on September 21, 2017. Our borrowing costs and access to the capital markets can be affected by short and long-term debt ratings assigned by independent rating agencies which are based, in part, on our performance as measured by credit metrics, such as interest coverage and leverage ratios.
As of December 31, 2017 , we held $103 million of our $7.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents in our foreign subsidiaries. The 2017 Tax Act features a participation exemption regime with current taxation of certain foreign income and imposes a mandatory repatriation toll tax on unremitted foreign earnings. Notwithstanding the U.S. taxation of these amounts, we intend to continue to reinvest these funds outside of the U.S. Our current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to the U.S. However, if these funds are needed in the U.S., we would be required to accrue and pay foreign taxes to repatriate them. The determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability with respect to these undistributed foreign earnings is not practicable.
Additional information regarding the changes in our outstanding indebtedness and the significant terms and provisions of our revolving credit facility and outstanding indebtedness is discussed in Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Our financial position, earnings and cash flows are exposed to market risks and can be affected by, among other things, economic conditions, interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations, and changes in the market values of investments. We have established policies, procedures and internal processes governing our management of market risks and the use of financial instruments to manage our exposure to such risks.
Interest Rates
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes primarily through our potential borrowing activities. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we had access to a $2.5 billion revolving credit facility with outstanding borrowings of $425 million as of December 31, 2017 . We also have access to a commercial paper program and had no outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2017 . The interest rate on borrowings under the revolving credit facility is variable based on an underlying index and DCL's then-current credit rating for its publicly traded debt. The revolving credit facility provides for a maturity date of August 11, 2022 and the option for up to two additional 364-day renewal periods. As of December 31, 2017 , we had outstanding debt with a book value of $13.9 billion under various public senior notes with fixed interest rates and $400 million with a floating interest rate.
The Company has entered into a three year delayed draw tranche and a five year delayed draw tranche unsecured term loan credit facility, each with a principal amount of up to $1 billion . The Term Loans' interest rates are based, at the Company's option, on either adjusted LIBOR plus a margin, or an alternate base rate plus a margin. The Company will pay a commitment fee of 20 basis points per annum for each loan, based on its current credit rating, beginning September 28, 2017 until either the funding of the loans or the termination of the Scripps Networks acquisition. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has not yet borrowed on the term loan credit facilities.
Our current objectives in managing exposure to interest rate changes are to limit the impact of interest rates on earnings and cash flows. To achieve these objectives, we may enter into variable interest rate swaps, effectively converting fixed rate borrowings

62




to variable rate borrowings indexed to LIBOR, in order to reduce the amount of interest paid. As of December 31, 2017 , we have no outstanding interest rate swaps.
As of December 31, 2017 , the fair value of our outstanding public senior notes was $14.8 billion . The fair value of our long-term debt may vary as a result of market conditions and other factors. A change in market interest rates will impact the fair market value of our fixed rate debt. The potential change in fair value of these senior notes from an adverse 100 basis-point change in quoted interest rates across all maturities, often referred to as a parallel shift in the yield curve, would be approximately $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2017 .
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
We transact business globally and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The risk of loss can be assessed from the perspective of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows and future earnings. Our International Networks segment operates from the following hubs: EMEA, Latin America and Asia. Cash is primarily managed from five global locations with net earnings reinvested locally and working capital requirements met from existing liquid funds. To the extent such funds are not sufficient to meet working capital requirements, drawdowns in the appropriate local currency are available from intercompany borrowings or drawdowns from our revolving credit facility. The earnings of certain international operations are expected to be reinvested in those businesses indefinitely.
The functional currency of most of our international subsidiaries is the local currency. We are exposed to foreign currency risk to the extent that we enter into transactions denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ respective functional currencies ("non-functional currency risk"). Such transactions include affiliate and ad sales arrangements, content arrangements, equipment and other vendor purchases and intercompany transactions. Changes in exchange rates with respect to amounts recorded in our consolidated balance sheets related to these items will result in unrealized foreign currency transaction gains and losses based upon period-end exchange rates. We also record realized foreign currency transaction gains and losses upon settlement of the transactions. Moreover, we will experience fluctuations in our revenues, costs and expenses solely as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
We also are exposed to unfavorable and potentially volatile fluctuations of the U.S. dollar, which is our reporting currency, against the currencies of our operating subsidiaries when their respective financial statements are translated into U.S. dollars for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as a separate component of equity. Any increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against any foreign functional currency of one of our operating subsidiaries will cause us to experience unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) with respect to amounts already invested in such foreign currencies. Accordingly, we may experience a negative impact on our net (loss) income, other comprehensive income and equity with respect to our holdings solely as a result of changes in foreign currency.
The majority of our foreign currency exposure is to the euro and the British pound. We may enter into spot, forward and option contracts that change in value as foreign currency exchange rates change to hedge certain exposures associated with affiliate revenue, the cost for producing or acquiring content, certain intercompany transactions or in connection with forecasted business combinations. These contracts hedge forecasted foreign currency transactions in order to mitigate fluctuations in our earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our objective in managing exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is to reduce volatility of earnings and cash flows. The net market value of our foreign currency derivative instruments intended to hedge future cash flows held at December 31, 2017 was a liability value of $5 million . Most of our non-functional currency risks related to our revenue, operating expenses and capital expenditures were not hedged as of December 31, 2017 . We generally do not hedge against the risk that we may incur non-cash losses upon the translation of the financial statements of our subsidiaries and affiliates into U.S. dollars.
Derivatives
We may use derivative financial instruments to modify our exposure to exogenous events and market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and the fair value of investments classified as AFS securities. We do not use derivative financial instruments unless there is an underlying exposure. While derivatives are used to mitigate cash flow risk and the risk of declines in fair value, they also limit potential economic benefits to our business in the event of positive shifts in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and market values. We do not hold or enter into financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.

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Market Values of Investments
In addition to derivatives, we had investments in entities accounted for using the equity method, cost method, AFS securities, and other highly liquid instruments, such as mutual funds, that are accounted for at fair value. The carrying values of investments in equity method investees, cost method investees, AFS securities and mutual funds were $335 million , $295 million , $164 million and $2.9 billion , respectively, at December 31, 2017 . Investments in mutual funds include both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning securities that carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than predicted if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our income from such investments may decrease in the future. During 2017, the Company issued $6.8 billion in senior notes to partially fund the Scripps Networks acquisition (See Note 3 and Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.) Of these total proceeds, $2.7 billion were invested in money market funds, $1.3 billion were invested in time deposit accounts, and the remainder was invested in highly liquid, short-term instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less.
These investments are classified as cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet and are anticipated to be used for the Scripps Networks acquisition. In the interim, the Company has full access to these proceeds.
COMMITMENTS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Obligations
As of December 31, 2017 , our significant contractual obligations, including related payments due by period, were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Payments Due by Period
 
 
Total
 
Less than 1 
Year
 
1-3 Years
 
3-5 Years
 
More than 
5 Years
Long-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal payments
 
$
14,263

 
$

 
$
2,100

 
$
1,508

 
$
10,655

Interest payments
 
8,165

 
587

 
1,109

 
971

 
5,498

Capital lease obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal payments
 
225

 
38

 
56

 
44

 
87

Interest payments
 
40

 
10

 
13

 
9

 
8

Operating lease obligations
 
230

 
61

 
88

 
45

 
36

Content
 
3,846

 
1,075

 
1,308

 
692

 
771

Other
 
920

 
332

 
416

 
83

 
89

Total
 
$
27,689

 
$
2,103

 
$
5,090

 
$
3,352

 
$
17,144

The above table does not include certain long-term obligations as the timing or the amount of the payments cannot be predicted. For example, as of December 31, 2017 , we have recorded $413 million for redeemable equity (see Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements), although we are unable to predict reasonably the ultimate amount or timing of any payment. The current portion of the liability for cash-settled share-based compensation awards was $12 million as of December 31, 2017 . Additionally, reserves for unrecognized tax benefits have been excluded from the above table because we are unable to predict reasonably the ultimate amount or timing of settlement. Our unrecognized tax benefits totaled $189 million as of December 31, 2017 .
The above table also does not include DCL's revolving credit facility that, during the year ended December 31, 2017 , allowed DCL and certain designated foreign subsidiaries of DCL to borrow up to $2.5 billion , including a $100 million sublimit for the issuance of standby letters of credit and a $50 million sublimit for swingline loans. Borrowing capacity under this agreement is reduced by the outstanding borrowings under the commercial paper program discussed below. As of December 31, 2017 , the revolving credit facility agreement provided for a maturity date of August 11, 2022 and the option for up to two additional 364-day renewal periods.
From time to time we may provide our equity method investees additional funding that has not been committed to as of December 31, 2017 based on unforeseen investee opportunities or cash flow needs. (See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)

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Long-term Debt
Principal payments on long-term debt reflect the repayment of our outstanding senior notes, at face value, assuming repayment will occur upon maturity. Interest payments on our outstanding senior notes are projected based on their contractual rate and maturity.
Capital Lease Obligations
We acquire satellite transponders and other equipment through multi-year capital lease arrangements. Principal payments on capital lease obligations reflect amounts due under our capital lease agreements. Interest payments on our outstanding capital lease obligations are based on the stated or implied rate in our capital lease agreements.
Operating Lease Obligations
We obtain office space and equipment under multi-year lease arrangements. Most operating leases are not cancelable prior to their expiration. Payments for operating leases represent the amounts due under the agreements assuming the agreements are not canceled prior to their expiration.
Purchase Obligations
Content purchase obligations include commitments and liabilities associated with third-party producers and sports associations for content that airs on our television networks. Production contracts generally require: purchase of a specified number of episodes; payments over the term of the license; and include both programs that have been delivered and are available for airing and programs that have not yet been produced or sporting events that have not yet taken place. If the content is ultimately never produced, our commitments expire without obligation. The commitments disclosed above exclude content liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. We expect to enter into additional production contracts and content licenses to meet our future content needs.
Other purchase obligations include agreements with certain vendors and suppliers for the purchase of goods and services whereby the underlying agreements are enforceable, legally binding and specify all significant terms. Significant purchase obligations include transmission services, television rating services, marketing research, employment contracts, equipment purchases, and information technology and other services. The Company has contracts that do not require the purchase of fixed or minimum quantities and generally may be terminated without penalty with a 30-day to 60-day advance notice, and are not included in the table above past the 30-day to 60-day advance notice period. Amounts related to employment contracts include base compensation and do not include compensation contingent on future events.
Put Rights
The Company has granted put rights related to certain consolidated subsidiaries. Harpo, Inc. ("Harpo"), GoldenTree Asset Management L.P. ("GoldenTree"), Hasbro Inc. ("Hasbro"), and Jupiter Telecommunications Co., Ltd. ("J:COM") have the right to require the Company to purchase the remaining noncontrolling interests in OWN, VTEN, Discovery Family and Discovery Japan, respectively. The Company recorded the value of the put rights for OWN, VTEN, Discovery Family and Discovery Japan as a component of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the amounts of $55 million , $120 million , $210 million and $27 million , respectively. (See Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K) that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the ordinary course of business we enter into transactions with related parties, primarily our equity method investees and Liberty Media, Liberty Global, Liberty Interactive and Liberty Broadband (together, the "Liberty Entities"). Information regarding transactions and amounts with related parties is discussed in Note 19 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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NEW ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
We adopted certain accounting and reporting standards during 2017 . Information regarding our adoption of new accounting and reporting standards is discussed in Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and accompanying notes. Management considers an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to reporting our financial condition and results of operations, and if it requires significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in its application. The development and selection of these critical accounting policies have been determined by management and the related disclosures have been reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. We consider policies relating to the following matters to be critical accounting policies:
Revenue recognition;
Goodwill and intangible assets;
Income taxes;
Content rights;
Equity-based compensation; and
Equity method investments.
With respect to our accounting policy for goodwill, we further supplement disclosures in Note 2 with the following:
Goodwill is allocated to our reporting units, which are our operating segments or one level below our operating segments (the component level). Reporting units are determined by the discrete financial information available for the component and whether it is regularly reviewed by segment management. Components are aggregated into a single reporting unit if they share similar economic characteristics. Our reporting units are as follows: U.S. Networks, Europe, Latin America, Asia and Education.
We evaluate our goodwill for impairment annually as of November 30 or earlier upon the occurrence of substantive unfavorable changes in economic conditions, industry trends, costs, cash flows, or ongoing declines in market capitalization. The impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, the assignment of assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and the determination of fair value of each reporting unit if a quantitative test is performed. If we believe that as a result of our qualitative assessment it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is not required.
Consistent with our accounting policy, the Company performed a quantitative step 1 impairment test (comparison of fair value to carrying value) for each of its reporting units in 2016 which indicated limited headroom (the excess of fair value over carrying value) in the European reporting unit of 12% , while all other reporting units had headroom in excess of 40% . Given the limited headroom in the European reporting unit, the Company closely monitored its results during 2017 and again performed a quantitative impairment test of the European reporting unit as of November 30, 2017 , which indicated a slight failure (approximately $100 million or 3% deficit). The key factors resulting in the impairment include: 1) moderated revenue expectations based on continued declines in viewership, 2) expected increases in content investment to service existing customers and grow the Company's direct-to-consumer business, and 3) lower stock price multiples for peer media companies. Given the results of the step 1 impairment test, the Company applied the hypothetical purchase price analysis required by the step 2 test and recognized a pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $1.3 billion as of November 30, 2017 , for the European reporting unit. The impairment charge of $1.3 billion significantly exceeds the deficit of fair value to carrying value of approximately $100 million because of significant intangible assets that are not recognized on our balance sheet (i.e., excluded from book carrying value) but are considered in the step 2 calculation on a fair value basis. The step 1 and step 2 tests and relevant assumptions are further discussed below. For our US Networks, Latin, Asia and Education reporting units, we performed a qualitative goodwill impairment review in 2017. No factors were identified indicating a need for a quantitative assessment.
For the 2017 step 1 test, the carrying value of the European reporting unit of $4.0 billion , which includes $2.4 billion of goodwill, exceeded its fair value of $3.9 billion by 3% . In performing the step 1 test, we determined the fair value of our European reporting unit by using a combination of discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analyses and market-based valuation methodologies. The results of these valuation methodologies were weighted 75% towards the DCF and 25% towards the market-based approach, which

66




is consistent with prior quantitative analyses. Significant judgments and assumptions used in the DCF and market-based model to assess the reporting unit's fair value include the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, long-term growth rates of 2.5% (compared with 3% in 2016 ), a discount rate of 9.75% (compared with 10.5% in 2016 ), and our selection of guideline company earnings multiples of 7.5 (compared with 9.5 in 2016). The cash flows employed in the DCF analysis for the European reporting unit are based on the reporting unit's budget and long-term business plan, which reflect our expectations based upon recent operating performance. Discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of the risk inherent in the future cash flows of the respective reporting unit and market conditions. Given the inherent uncertainty in determining the assumptions underlying a DCF analysis, actual results may differ from those used in our valuations.
The net assets assigned to the European reporting unit included corporate allocations. These assets and liabilities include corporate enterprise goodwill and intangible assets, allocated in prior periods based on the relative fair value of the European reporting unit at the time, and deferred taxes and content, allocated based on whether or not the jurisdiction gave rise to the deferred tax balance or is using the content asset.
In the second step of the impairment test, we hypothetically assigned the European reporting unit's fair value to its individual assets and liabilities, including significant unrecognized intangible assets such as customer relationships and trade names, or liabilities, in a hypothetical purchase price allocation that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. Since the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill was less than the carrying value, the difference was recorded as an impairment charge. The fair value estimates incorporated in step 2 for the hypothetical intangible assets were based on the excess earnings income approach for customer relationships, the relief-from-royalty method for trademarks, and the greenfield approach for broadcast licenses. Key judgments made by management in step 2 of the impairment test included revenue growth rates, length of contract term, number of renewals, customer attrition rates, market-based royalty rates, and market based tax rates. The valuation of advertising relationships assumed an attrition rate of 10% , affiliate relationships assumed three contract renewals, each with a four year term, per customer and trade names assumed royalty rates ranging from 2% to 5% . Other assumptions used in these hypothetical calculations had a less significant impact on the concluded fair value or were subject to less significant estimation or judgment. None of these hypothetical calculations for unrecorded intangibles were recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
As of the goodwill testing date, the carrying value of remaining goodwill assigned to the European reporting unit was $1.1 billion and the net assets of the reporting unit were approximately $2.7 billion , which results in headroom based on the estimated fair value of $3.9 billion .
See Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the key factors underlying these charges.
Management will continue to monitor reporting units for changes in the business environment that could impact recoverability. The recoverability of goodwill is dependent upon the continued growth of cash flows from our business activities. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors" for details on all significant risks that could impact the Company's ability to successfully grow its cash flows.
For an in depth discussion of each of our significant accounting policies, including our critical accounting policies and further information regarding estimates and assumptions involved in their application, see Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

67




ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements of Discovery Communications, Inc.:
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 

68




MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Discovery Communications, Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements prepared for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of the inherent limitations in any internal control, no matter how well designed, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 based on the framework set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on its evaluation, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2017 , the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective at a reasonable assurance level based on the specified criteria.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”

69




REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
the Stockholders of Discovery Communications, Inc.:

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Discovery Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive (loss) income, of equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 , including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 , based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 , based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


70




Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.





/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

McLean, Virginia
February 28, 2018

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008.



71


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par value)  



 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
7,309

 
$
300

Receivables, net
 
1,838

 
1,495

Content rights, net
 
410

 
310

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
434

 
397

Total current assets
 
9,991

 
2,502

Noncurrent content rights, net
 
2,213

 
2,089

Property and equipment, net
 
597

 
482

Goodwill, net
 
7,073

 
8,040

Intangible assets, net
 
1,770

 
1,512

Equity method investments (See Note 4)
 
335

 
557

Other noncurrent assets
 
576

 
490

Total assets
 
$
22,555

 
$
15,672

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
277

 
$
241

Accrued liabilities
 
1,309

 
1,075

Deferred revenues
 
255

 
163

Current portion of debt
 
30

 
82

Total current liabilities
 
1,871

 
1,561

Noncurrent portion of debt
 
14,755

 
7,841

Deferred income taxes
 
319

 
467

Other noncurrent liabilities
 
587

 
393

Total liabilities
 
17,532

 
10,262

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 20)
 

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
413

 
243

Equity:
 
 
 
 
Discovery Communications, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Series A-1 convertible preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 8 authorized; 8 shares issued as of December 31, 2017 (formerly Series A convertible preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 75 authorized; 71 issued as of December 31, 2016)
 

 
1

Series C-1 convertible preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 6 authorized; 6 shares issued as of December 31, 2017 (formerly Series C convertible preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 75 authorized; 28 issued as of December 31, 2016)
 

 
1

Series A common stock: $0.01 par value; 1,700 shares authorized; 157 and 155 shares issued
 
1

 
1

Series B convertible common stock: $0.01 par value; 100 shares authorized; 7 shares issued
 

 

Series C common stock: $0.01 par value; 2,000 shares authorized; 383 and 381 shares issued
 
4

 
4

Additional paid-in capital
 
7,295

 
7,046

Treasury stock, at cost
 
(6,737
)
 
(6,356
)
Retained earnings
 
4,632

 
5,232

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(585
)
 
(762
)
Total equity
 
4,610

 
5,167

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
22,555

 
$
15,672

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

72


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share amounts)


 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution
 
$
3,474

 
$
3,213

 
$
3,068

Advertising
 
3,073

 
2,970

 
3,004

Other
 
326

 
314

 
322

Total revenues
 
6,873

 
6,497

 
6,394

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 
2,656

 
2,432

 
2,343

Selling, general and administrative
 
1,768

 
1,690

 
1,669

Impairment of goodwill
 
1,327

 

 

Depreciation and amortization
 
330

 
322

 
330

Restructuring and other charges
 
75

 
58

 
50

Loss (gain) on disposition
 
4

 
(63
)
 
17

Total costs and expenses
 
6,160

 
4,439

 
4,409

Operating income
 
713

 
2,058

 
1,985

Interest expense
 
(475
)
 
(353
)
 
(330
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
(54
)
 

 

(Loss) income from equity investees, net
 
(211
)
 
(38
)
 
1

Other (expense) income, net
 
(110
)
 
4

 
(97
)
(Loss) income before income taxes
 
(137
)
 
1,671

 
1,559

Income tax expense
 
(176
)
 
(453
)
 
(511
)
Net (loss) income
 
(313
)
 
1,218

 
1,048

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(24
)
 
(23
)
 
(13
)
Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
(337
)
 
$
1,194

 
$
1,034

Net (loss) income per share available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
(0.59
)
 
$
1.97

 
$
1.59

Diluted
 
$
(0.59
)
 
$
1.96

 
$
1.58

Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
384

 
401

 
432

Diluted
 
576

 
610

 
656

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

73


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(in millions)


 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Net (loss) income
 
$
(313
)
 
$
1,218

 
$
1,048

Other comprehensive income (loss) adjustments, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation
 
183

 
(191
)
 
(201
)
Available-for-sale securities
 
15

 
38

 
(25
)
Derivatives
 
(20
)
 
24

 
(1
)
Comprehensive (loss) income
 
(135
)
 
1,089

 
821

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(25
)
 
(23
)
 
10

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
(160
)
 
$
1,065

 
$
830

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

74


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
 
$
(313
)
 
$
1,218

 
$
1,048

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation expense
 
39

 
69

 
35

Depreciation and amortization
 
330

 
322

 
330

Content amortization and impairment expense
 
1,910

 
1,773

 
1,709

Impairment of goodwill
 
1,327

 

 

Loss (gain) on disposition
 
4

 
(63
)
 
17

Remeasurement gain on previously held equity interest
 
(34
)
 

 
(2
)
Equity in losses of investee companies, net of cash distributions
 
223

 
44

 
8

Deferred income taxes
 
(199
)
 
(27
)
 
2

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
54

 

 

Realized loss from derivative instruments, net
 
98

 
3

 
5

Other-than-temporary impairment of AFS investments
 

 
62

 

Other, net
 
85

 
50

 
35

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and dispositions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables, net
 
(258
)
 
(25
)
 
(44
)
Content rights and payables, net
 
(1,947
)
 
(1,904
)
 
(1,773
)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
265

 
(10
)
 
(2
)
Income taxes receivable and prepaid income taxes
 
20

 
(31
)
 
(64
)
Foreign currency and other, net
 
25

 
(101
)
 
(10
)
Cash provided by operating activities
 
1,629

 
1,380

 
1,294

Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payments for investments
 
(444
)
 
(272
)
 
(272
)
Purchases of property and equipment
 
(135
)
 
(88
)
 
(103
)
Distributions from equity method investees
 
77

 
87

 
87

Proceeds from dispositions, net of cash disposed
 
29

 
19

 
61

Payments for derivative instruments, net
 
(101
)
 

 
(9
)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 
(60
)
 

 
(80
)
Other investing activities, net
 
1

 
(2
)
 
15

Cash used in investing activities
 
(633
)
 
(256
)
 
(301
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper repayments, net
 
(48
)
 
(45
)
 
(136
)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
 
350

 
613

 
1,016

Principal repayments of revolving credit facility
 
(475
)
 
(835
)
 
(265
)
Borrowings from debt, net of discount and including premiums
 
7,488

 
498

 
936

Principal repayments of debt, including discount payment and premiums to par value
 
(650
)
 

 
(854
)
Payments for bridge financing commitment fees
 
(40
)
 

 

Principal repayments of capital lease obligations
 
(33
)
 
(28
)
 
(27
)
Repurchases of stock
 
(603
)
 
(1,374
)
 
(951
)
Cash settlement (prepayments) of common stock repurchase contracts
 
58

 
(57
)
 

Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 
(548
)
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(30
)
 
(22
)
 
(42
)
Share-based plan proceeds (payments), net
 
16

 
39

 
(6
)
Hedge of borrowings from debt instruments
 

 
40

 
(29
)
Other financing activities, net
 
(82
)
 
(13
)
 
(13
)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
5,951

 
(1,184
)
 
(919
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 
62

 
(30
)
 
(51
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
 
7,009

 
(90
)
 
23

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 
300

 
390

 
367

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$
7,309

 
$
300

 
$
390

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

75


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in millions)

 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Discovery
Communications,
Inc. Stockholders’
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
113

 
$
2

 
533

 
$
5

 
$
6,917

 
$
(4,763
)
 
$
3,809

 
$
(368
)
 
$
5,602

 
$
2

 
$
5,604

Net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. and attributable to noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,034

 

 
1,034

 
1

 
1,035

Other comprehensive loss
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(204
)
 
(204
)
 

 
(204
)
Repurchases of stock
 
(4
)
 

 

 

 

 
(698
)
 
(253
)
 

 
(951
)
 

 
(951
)
Share-based compensation
 

 

 

 

 
39

 

 

 

 
39

 

 
39

Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
 

 

 

 

 
12

 

 

 

 
12

 

 
12

Tax settlements associated with share-based compensation
 

 

 

 

 
(27
)
 

 

 

 
(27
)
 

 
(27
)
Issuance of stock in connection with share-based plans
 

 

 
3

 

 
21

 

 

 

 
21

 

 
21

Other adjustments for equity-based plans
 

 

 

 

 
(2
)
 

 

 

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustments to redemption value
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(73
)
 

 
(73
)
 

 
(73
)
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest
 

 

 

 

 
61

 

 

 
(61
)
 

 

 

Other adjustments to stockholders' equity
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
December 31, 2015
 
109

 
2

 
536

 
5

 
7,021

 
(5,461
)
 
4,517

 
(633
)
 
5,451

 

 
5,451

Net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. and attributable to noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,194

 

 
1,194

 
1

 
1,195

Other comprehensive loss
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(129
)
 
(129
)
 

 
(129
)
Repurchases of stock and stock settlement of common stock repurchase contracts
 
(9
)
 

 

 

 

 
(895
)
 
(479
)
 

 
(1,374
)
 

 
(1,374
)
Prepayments for common stock repurchase contracts
 

 

 

 

 
(57
)
 

 

 

 
(57
)
 

 
(57
)
Share-based compensation
 

 

 

 

 
35

 

 

 

 
35

 

 
35

Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
 

 

 

 

 
7

 

 

 

 
7

 

 
7

Tax settlements associated with share-based compensation
 

 

 

 

 
(11
)
 

 

 

 
(11
)
 

 
(11
)
Issuance of stock in connection with equity-based plans
 

 

 
5

 

 
51

 

 

 

 
51

 

 
51

Cash distributions to noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Share conversion
 
(1
)
 

 
2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2016
 
99

 
2

 
543

 
5

 
7,046

 
(6,356
)
 
5,232

 
(762
)
 
5,167

 

 
5,167

Net loss available to Discovery Communications, Inc. and attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(337
)
 

 
(337
)
 

 
(337
)
Cumulative effect of accounting change - share-based payments
 

 

 

 

 
4

 

 
(4
)
 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive loss
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
177

 
177

 

 
177

Preferred stock modification
 
(82
)
 
(2
)
 

 

 
37

 

 

 

 
35

 

 
35

Repurchases of stock
 
(3
)
 

 

 

 

 
(381
)
 
(222
)
 

 
(603
)
 

 
(603
)
Excess of fair value received over book value of equity contributed to redeemable noncontrolling interest in Velocity
 

 

 

 

 
57

 

 

 

 
57

 

 
57

Cash settlement of common stock repurchase contracts
 

 

 

 

 
58

 

 

 

 
58

 

 
58

Share-based compensation
 

 

 

 

 
44

 

 

 

 
44

 

 
44

Tax settlements associated with share-based compensation
 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
(30
)
 

 

 

 
(30
)
 

 
(30
)
Issuance of stock in connection with share-based plans
 

 

 
5

 

 
79

 

 
1

 

 
80

 

 
80

Redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustments to redemption value
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(38
)
 

 
(38
)
 

 
(38
)
December 31, 2017
 
14

 
$

 
547

 
$
5

 
$
7,295

 
$
(6,737
)
 
$
4,632

 
$
(585
)
 
$
4,610

 
$

 
$
4,610

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

76


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Description of Business
We are a global media company that provides content across multiple distribution platforms, including linear platforms such as pay-television ("pay-TV"), free-to-air ("FTA") and broadcast television, various digital distribution platforms and content licensing agreements. We also operate a portfolio of websites, digital direct-to-consumer products, production studios and curriculum-based education products and services. The Company presents the following business units: U.S. Networks, consisting principally of domestic television networks and digital content services, and International Networks, consisting principally of international television networks and digital content services; and Education and Other, consisting principally of curriculum-based product and service offerings and production studios. Financial information for Discovery’s reportable segments is discussed in Note 21.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Discovery and its majority-owned subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained. For each non-wholly owned subsidiary, the Company evaluates its ownership and other interests to determine whether it should consolidate the entity or account for its ownership interest as an investment. As part of its evaluation, the Company makes judgments in determining whether the entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE") and, if so, whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and is thus required to consolidate the entity. (See Note 4.) Inter-company accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Reclassifications
The Company adopted new accounting guidance for share-based payments, deferred income taxes and statements of cash flows as of January 1, 2017. The adoption of the new guidance for deferred income taxes resulted in reclassifications of current deferred tax assets to noncurrent deferred tax assets and liabilities in the Company's balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 to conform to the current period presentation. The impact of these reclassifications is shown within the balance sheet classification of the deferred income taxes section below. The new accounting pronouncements adopted for share-based payments resulted in the reclassification of net tax windfall from financing activities to operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The impact of these reclassifications is shown within the share-based payments section below. The new accounting pronouncements adopted for cash flow statements resulted in a reclassification of debt extinguishment costs from operating activities to financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The impact of this reclassification is shown within the statement of cash flows section below.
Preferred Stock Exchange
As a result of the July 30, 2017, Preferred Share Exchange Agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") with Advance/Newhouse Programming Partnership ("Advance/Newhouse"), in which Discovery agreed to issue newly designated shares of Series A-1 and Series C-1 preferred stock in exchange for all outstanding shares of Discovery's Series A and Series C convertible participating preferred stock (see Note 12), historical basic and diluted earnings per share available to Series C-1 preferred stockholders, previously Series C preferred stockholders, has changed. The transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement were completed on August 7, 2017. Prior to the Exchange Agreement, Series C convertible preferred stock was convertible into Series C common stock at a conversion rate of 2.0 shares of Series C common stock for each share of Series C preferred stock. Following the exchange, the Series C-1 preferred stock may be converted into Series C common stock at the initial conversion rate of 19.3648 shares of Series C common stock for each share of Series C-1 preferred stock. As such, the Company has retrospectively recast basic and diluted earnings per share information for Series C preferred stock for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 in order to conform with per share earnings that would have been available for Series C-1 preferred stock. (See Note 17). The Exchange Agreement did not impact historical basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's Series A, B and C common stockholders.


77


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The table below sets forth the impact of the preferred stock modification to the Company's calculated basic earnings per share.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
Pre-Exchange: Basic net income per share available to:
 
 
 
 
   Series A, B and C common stockholders
 
$
1.97

 
$
1.59

   Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders
 
$
3.94

 
$
3.18

 
 
 
 
 
Post-Exchange: Basic net income per share available to:
 
 
 
 
     Series A, B and C common stockholders
 
$
1.97

 
$
1.59

     Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders
 
$
38.07

 
$
30.74


Accounting and Reporting Pronouncements Adopted

Statement of Cash Flows
In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") issued guidance that reduces diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are classified in the statement of cash flows. The topics relevant to the Company include: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, which prior to adoption were classified as operating activities, but are now classified as financing activities, (2) settlement and receipt of discounts and premiums associated with our senior notes, which prior to adoption were classified as operating activities, but are now classified as financing activities when the stated interest rate is deemed not insignificant to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, (3) contingent consideration payments not made soon after a business combination date, which must be classified as financing activities up to the contingent consideration liability amount with any excess payment classified as operating activities, and (4) the election to assess distributions received from equity method investees based on the nature of distribution approach, which results in the classification of such distributions based on the nature of the activity that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as cash inflows from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as cash inflows from investing activities). The Company early adopted this guidance retrospectively effective January 1, 2017 resulting in a reclassification of $5 million of debt extinguishment costs from operating activities to financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015 . There was no impact on other prior periods presented for the first and second items listed above and no change in the Company's historical accounting policy was required for the third and fourth items.
Share-Based Payments
In March 2016 , the FASB issued guidance that simplifies how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. Implementation of the new accounting guidance was effective January 1, 2017 , and impacted the financial statements as follows:
Actual forfeitures will be used in the calculations of share-based compensation expense instead of estimated forfeitures. Retained earnings were decreased by approximately $4 million to affect the modified retrospective method impact of the adoption as of January 1, 2017 .
Net windfall tax benefits or deficiencies are recorded in income tax expense in the period in which they occur, whereas they were previously recorded in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). This change has been applied prospectively. There were $7 million and $ 12 million in net tax windfall adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively.
Expected cash flows from windfall tax benefits are no longer factored into the calculation of the number of shares for diluted earnings per share. This change has been applied prospectively. Net windfall tax benefits did not impact the presentation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 by more than $0.01 per share.
Cash flows from net windfall tax benefits are classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows presentation. Previously net windfall tax benefits were classified as financing activities. This change was applied on a retrospective basis resulting in adjustments to prior period amounts. As a result, there were $7 million and $12 million in net tax windfall adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, reclassified from financing activities to operating activities.

78


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The Company evaluated the accounting for awards that are liability-classified and marked-to-market each accounting period and concluded that there is no change to the accounting for those awards.
Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Income Taxes
In November 2015, the FASB issued guidance that removes the requirement to separate deferred tax assets and liabilities into current and noncurrent amounts, and instead requires all such amounts be classified as noncurrent on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. As a result, each tax jurisdiction will now have only one net noncurrent deferred tax asset or liability. The new guidance does not change the existing requirement that prohibits offsetting deferred tax liabilities from one jurisdiction against deferred tax assets of another jurisdiction. The Company retrospectively adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2017.
The following table summarizes the adjustments the Company made to conform prior period classifications to the new guidance:
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
As reported
 
As adjusted
Current deferred income tax assets
 
$
97

 
$

Noncurrent deferred income tax assets (included within other noncurrent assets)
 
9

 
20

Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities
 
(553
)
 
(467
)
Total
 
$
(447
)
 
$
(447
)
Business Combinations
In September 2015, the FASB issued new guidance on adjustments to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination, which were recognized on a retrospective basis. Under the new requirements, adjustments will be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined. The effects of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income arising from changes to the provisional amounts, if any, are included in earnings of the reporting period in which the adjustments to the provisional amounts are determined. An entity is also required to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016 and has applied it on a prospective basis.
Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement
In April 2015, the FASB issued explicit guidance on the recognition of fees paid by a customer for cloud computing arrangements as either the acquisition of a software license or a service contract. The Company adopted this guidance effective October 1, 2015, and there was no effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Business Consolidation
In February 2015, the FASB issued guidance that amends the analysis that a reporting entity performs to determine whether it should consolidate certain legal entities. The changes in this guidance include how related parties and de facto agents are considered in the primary beneficiary determination and the analysis for determining whether a fee paid to a decision maker or service provider is a variable interest. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016, and there was no effect on the consolidated financial statements.

79


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern
In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance requiring the Company to perform interim and annual assessments regarding conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the financial statements are issued, and to provide related disclosures, if applicable. If such conditions or events exist, an entity should disclose that there is substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the financial statements are issued , along with the principal conditions or events that raise substantial doubt, management's evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events in relation to the entity's ability to meet its obligations, and management's plans that are intended to mitigate those conditions or events. The Company adopted this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2016 , and concluded that as of December 31, 2017 there were no conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the financial statements are issued.
Accounting and Reporting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
In February 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance which permits entities to reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of the tax reform legislation ("the 2017 Tax Act" or "the Tax Act") to retained earnings for each period in which the effect of the change is recorded. The update also requires entities to disclose their accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the pronouncement will have on the consolidated financial statements.
Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
In August 2017, the FASB issued significant amendments to hedge accounting which expand the eligibility for hedge accounting to more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies. The guidance is intended to align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting, and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. In addition, the guidance amends the presentation and disclosure requirements and changes how companies assess effectiveness. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the pronouncement will have on the consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill
Under the current accounting guidance, the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed using a two-step process. The first step of the process is to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and the second step of the quantitative impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test is required to be performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. In other words, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit’s identifiable net assets excluding goodwill is compared to the fair value of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss, such as the $1.3 billion recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017 in the consolidated statements of operations, is recognized in an amount equal to that excess (see Note 8).
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The new guidance eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, and eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment. Therefore, an entity will recognize impairment charges for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, and the same impairment assessment applies to all reporting units. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017 . The amendments in this update must be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019 . If the Company had early adopted this accounting pronouncement, the impact of the current period goodwill impairment would have been approximately $100 million , substantially less than the impairment charge recorded under the current guidance.

80


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Accounting changes and error corrections
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance which states that registrants should consider additional qualitative disclosures if the impact of an issued but not yet adopted ASU is unknown or cannot be reasonably estimated and to include a description of the effect of the accounting policies that the registrant expects to apply, if determined. This guidance is effective immediately. Transition guidance in certain issued but not yet adopted standards has been updated to reflect this amendment.
Clarifying the definition of a business
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance that amends the definition of a business and provides a threshold which must be considered to determine whether a transaction is an acquisition (or disposal) of an asset or a business. Under the current accounting guidance, the minimum inputs and processes required for a “set” of assets and activities to meet the definition of a business is not specified. That lack of clarity has led to broad interpretations of the definition of a business. Under this guidance, when substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset (or group of similar assets), the assets acquired would not represent a business. In addition, in order to be considered a business, an acquisition would have to include at a minimum an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create an output. The amended guidance also narrows the definition of outputs by more closely aligning it with how outputs are described in FASB guidance for revenue recognition. The guidance is effective on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Income Taxes
In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The new guidance includes requirements to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs, and therefore eliminates the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. The new standard is effective January 1, 2018. The Company is currently analyzing the impact of the pronouncement to the consolidated financial statements.
Leases
In February 2016 , the FASB issued guidance on leases that will require lessees to recognize almost all of their leases on the balance sheet by recording a right-of-use asset and liability. The new standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 , and the new accounting guidance may be applied at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the year of adoption or at effective date without applying the provisions of the new guidance to comparative periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the pronouncement will have on the consolidated financial statements; however, it is expected that assets and liabilities will increase materially when operating leases are recorded under the new standard. The method of transition will be determined when the Company has completed its evaluation.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments
In January 2016 , the FASB issued guidance regarding the classification and measurement of financial instruments, which among other changes in accounting and disclosure requirements, replaces the cost method of accounting for non-marketable equity securities with a model for recognizing impairments and observable price changes, and also eliminates the available-for-sale classification for marketable equity securities. The standard requires equity securities, including available-for-sale ("AFS") securities, to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income, superseding the guidance permitting entities to record gains and losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair values in accumulated other comprehensive income. Investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting or that result in consolidation are not included within the scope of this update. The new standard will affect the Company's accounting for AFS securities for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 . The Company will apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis. The transition adjustment to reclassify accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings is expected to be $26 million . (See Note 12.)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014 , the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement related to revenue recognition, which applies a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The core principle of the new guidance is that the Company will recognize revenue from the transfer of promised goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Subsequent to the issuance of the May 2014 guidance, several clarifications and updates have been issued by the FASB on this topic, the most recent of which was issued in December 2016. Many of these clarifications and updates to the guidance, as well as a number of interpretive issues, apply to companies in the media and entertainment industry.
The guidance requires new or expanded disclosures related to the judgments made by companies when following the framework. The Company is nearing completion of its assessment of the impact of adopting this new guidance, and the Company

81


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


will implement the new revenue standard beginning January 1, 2018. The Company currently does not anticipate that the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on the Company's financial statements, principally because the Company does not expect significant changes in the way it will record distribution or advertising revenues. The Company will apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management continually re-evaluates its estimates, judgments and assumptions, and management’s evaluations could change. These estimates are sometimes complex, sensitive to changes in assumptions and require fair value determinations using Level 3 fair value measurements. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.
Estimates and judgments inherent in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include accounting for asset impairments, revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts, content rights, depreciation and amortization, business combinations, share-based compensation, income taxes, other financial instruments, contingencies, and the determination of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of entities in which it holds variable interests.
Consolidation
The Company has ownership and other interests in various entities, including corporations, partnerships, and limited liability companies. For each such entity, the Company evaluates its ownership and other interests to determine whether it should consolidate the entity or account for its ownership interest as an investment. As part of its evaluation, the Company initially determines whether the entity is a VIE and, if so, whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. An entity is generally a VIE if it meets any of the following criteria: (i) the entity has insufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, (ii) the equity investors cannot make significant decisions about the entity’s operations, or (iii) the voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity or receive the expected returns of the entity and substantially all of the entity’s activities involve or are conducted on behalf of the investor with disproportionately few voting rights. The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary, regardless of its ownership or voting interests. The primary beneficiary is the party involved with the VIE that (i) has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and (ii) has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Upon inception of a variable interest or the occurrence of a reconsideration event, the Company makes judgments in determining whether entities in which it invests are VIEs. If so, the Company makes judgments to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary and is thus required to consolidate the entity.
If it is concluded that an entity is not a VIE, then the Company considers its proportional voting interests in the entity. The Company consolidates majority-owned subsidiaries in which a controlling financial interest is maintained. A controlling financial interest is determined by majority ownership and the absence of substantive third-party participating rights.
Ownership interests in entities for which the Company has significant influence that are not consolidated under the Company’s consolidation policy are accounted for as equity method investments. Related party transactions between the Company and its equity method investees have not been eliminated. (See Note 19.)
Investments
The Company holds investments in equity method investees, cost method investees and available-for-sale securities.
Investments in equity method investees are those for which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not control and is not the primary beneficiary. Significant influence typically exists if the Company has a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the venture unless persuasive evidence to the contrary exists. Under this method of accounting, the Company typically records its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of equity method investees and a corresponding increase or decrease to the investment balances. Cash payments to equity method investees such as additional investments, loans and advances and expenses incurred on behalf of investees, as well as payments from equity method investees such as dividends, distributions and repayments of loans and advances are recorded as adjustments to investment balances. For the Company's equity method investments in renewable energy limited liability companies where the capital structure of the equity investment results in different liquidation rights and priorities than what is reflected by the underlying percentage ownership interests, the Company's proportionate share of net earnings is accounted for using the Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value ("HLBV") methodology available under the equity method of accounting. When applying HLBV, the Company determines the amount that would be received if the investment were to liquidate all of its assets and distribute the resulting cash to the investors based on contractually

82


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


defined liquidation priorities, assuming the entity continues as a going concern. The change in the Company's claim on the investee's book value in accordance with GAAP at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for any contributions or distributions, is the Company's share of the earnings or losses for the period. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable. (See "Asset Impairment Analysis" below.)
Cost method investments include ownership rights that either (i) do not meet the definition of in-substance common stock or (ii) do not provide the Company with control or significant influence and these investments do not have readily determinable fair values. Cost method investments are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value.
Investments in entities or other securities in which the Company has no control or significant influence and is not the primary beneficiary and have a readily determinable fair value are accounted for at fair value based on quoted market prices are classified as either trading securities or available-for-sale securities. For investments classified as trading securities, which include securities held in a separate trust in connection with the Company’s deferred compensation plan, unrealized and realized gains and losses related to the investment and corresponding liability are recorded in earnings as a component of other income (expense), net , on the consolidated statements of operations. For investments classified as AFS, which include investments in common stock, unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of income taxes, in other comprehensive (loss) income until the security is sold or considered impaired. If declines in the value of AFS securities are determined to be other-than-temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period as a component of other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations. (See "Asset Impairment Analysis" below.) For purposes of computing realized gains and losses, the Company determines cost on a specific identification basis.
Cash obtained as a result of the Company's debt issuance in September 2017 is invested into short-term instruments that qualify as cash and cash equivalents. Any accrued interest received after maturity is reinvested into additional short-term instruments. These investments are anticipated to be used to partially fund the Scripps Networks Interactive, Inc. ("Scripps Networks") acquisition. In the interim, the Company has full access to these proceeds.
Foreign Currency
The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of most of the Company’s international subsidiaries is the local currency. Assets and liabilities, including inter-company balances for which settlement is anticipated in the foreseeable future, denominated in foreign currencies are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Foreign currency equity balances are translated at historical rates. Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at average exchange rates for the respective periods. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Transactions denominated in currencies other than subsidiaries’ functional currencies are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Changes in exchange rates with respect to amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to these items will result in unrealized foreign currency transaction gains and losses based upon period-end exchange rates. The Company also records realized foreign currency transaction gains and losses upon settlement of the transactions. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other (expense) income, net , and totaled a loss of $83 million , a gain of $75 million , and a loss of $103 million for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively.
Cash flows from the Company's operations in foreign countries are generally translated at the weighted average rate for the applicable period in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The impacts of material transactions are recorded at the applicable spot rates as of the transaction date in the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows. The effects of exchange rates on cash balances held in foreign currencies are separately reported in the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Receivables
Receivables include amounts billed and currently due from customers and are presented net of an estimate for uncollectible accounts. The Company evaluates outstanding receivables to assess collectability. In performing this evaluation, the Company analyzes market trends, economic conditions, the aging of receivables and customer specific risks. Using this information, the Company reserves an amount that it estimates may not be collected. The Company does not require collateral with respect to trade receivables.

83


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Content Rights
Content rights principally consist of television series, specials, films and sporting events. Content aired on the Company’s television networks is sourced from a wide range of third-party producers, wholly-owned and equity method investee production studios and sports associations. Content is classified either as produced, coproduced or licensed. The Company owns most or all of the rights to produced content. The Company collaborates with third parties to finance and develop coproduced content, and it retains significant rights to exploit the programs. Licensed content is comprised of films or series that have been previously produced by third parties and the Company retains limited airing rights over a contractual term. Prepaid licensed content includes advance payments for rights to air sporting events that will take place in the future and advance payments for acquired films and television series.
Costs of produced and coproduced content consist of development costs, acquired production costs, direct production costs, certain production overhead costs and participation costs. Costs incurred for produced and coproduced content are capitalized if the Company has previously generated revenues from similar content in established markets and the content will be used and revenues will be generated for a period of at least one year. The Company’s coproduction arrangements generally provide for the sharing of production costs. The Company records its costs, but does not record the costs borne by the other party as the Company does not share any associated economics of exploitation. Program licenses typically have fixed terms and require payments during the term of the license. The cost of licensed content is capitalized when the license period for the programs has commenced and the programs are available for air or the Company has paid for the programs. The Company pays in advance of delivery for television series, specials, films and sports rights. Payments made in advance of when the right to air the content is received are recognized as in-production produced, coproduced content or prepaid licensed content. Content distribution, advertising, marketing, general and administrative costs are expensed as incurred.
Content amortization expense for each period is recognized based on the revenue forecast model, which approximates the proportion that estimated distribution and advertising revenues for the current period represent in relation to the estimated remaining total lifetime revenues. The Company annually, or on an as needed basis, prepares analyses to support its content amortization expense by network and by region. Critical assumptions used in determining content amortization include: (i) the grouping of content by network, (ii) the application of a quantitative revenue forecast model based on the adequacy of a network's historical data, (iii) determining the appropriate historical periods to utilize and the relative weighting of those historical periods in the revenue forecast model, and (iv) assessing the accuracy of the Company's revenue forecasts. The Company then considers the appropriate application of the quantitative assessment given forecasted content use, expected content investment and market trends. Content use and future revenues may differ from estimates based on changes in expectations related to market acceptance, network affiliate fee rates, advertising demand, the number of cable and satellite television subscribers receiving the Company’s networks, and program usage. Accordingly, the Company continually reviews revenue estimates and planned usage and revises its assumptions if necessary. As part of the Company's annual assessment in determining the film forecast model, the Company compares the calculated amortization rates to those that have been utilized during the year. If the calculated rates do not deviate materially from the applied amortization rates, no adjustment is recorded for the current year amortization expense. The Company allocates the cost of multi-year sports programming arrangements over the contract period to each event or season based on the estimated relative value of each event or season.
The result of the revenue forecast model is either an accelerated method or a straight-line amortization method over the estimated useful lives of primarily three to four years for produced, coproduced and licensed content. Amortization of capitalized costs for produced and coproduced content begins when a program has been aired. Amortization of capitalized costs for licensed content commences when the license period begins and the program is available for use. Amortization of sports rights takes place when the content airs.
Capitalized content costs are stated at the lower of cost less accumulated amortization or net realizable value. The Company periodically evaluates the net realizable value of content by considering expected future revenue generation. Estimates of future revenues consider historical airing patterns and future plans for airing content, including any changes in strategy. Given the significant estimates and judgments involved, actual demand or market conditions may be less favorable than those projected, requiring a write-down to net realizable value. Development costs for programs that the Company has determined will not be produced, are fully expensed in the period the determination is made.
All produced and coproduced content is classified as long-term. The portion of the unamortized licensed content balance, including prepaid sports rights, that will be amortized within one year is classified as a current asset.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairments. The cost of property and equipment acquired under capital lease arrangements represents the lesser of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset as of the inception of the lease. The Company leases fixed assets and software. Capitalized

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


software costs are for internal use. Capitalization of software costs occurs during the application development stage. Software costs incurred during the preliminary project and post implementation stages are expensed as incurred. Repairs and maintenance expenditures that do not enhance the use or extend the life of property and equipment are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation for most property and equipment is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is 15 to 39  years for buildings, three to five years for broadcast equipment, two to five years for capitalized software costs and three to five years for office equipment, furniture, fixtures and other property and equipment. Assets acquired under capital lease arrangements and leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the terms of the related leases, which is one to 15 years. Depreciation commences when property or equipment is ready for its intended use.
Asset Impairment Analysis
Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill is allocated to the Company's reporting units, which are its operating segments or one level below its operating segments. The Company evaluates goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually as of November 30 and earlier if an event or other circumstance indicates that we may not recover the carrying value of the asset. If the Company believes that as a result of its qualitative assessment it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or other indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is not required. The Company performs a quantitative impairment test every three years, irrespective of the outcome of the Company's qualitative assessment.
The quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed using a two-step process. The first step of the process is to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and the second step of the quantitative impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test is required to be performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. In other words, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit’s identifiable net assets excluding goodwill is compared to the fair value of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
Following a qualitative assessment indicating that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying amount, impairment of other intangible assets not subject to amortization involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Determining fair value requires the exercise of judgment about appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows.
Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets such as amortizing trademarks, customer lists, other intangible assets, and property and equipment are not required to be tested for impairment annually. Instead, long-lived assets are tested for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, such as when the disposal of such assets is likely or there is an adverse change in the market involving the business employing the related assets. If an impairment analysis is required, the impairment test employed is based on whether the Company’s intent is to hold the asset for continued use or to hold the asset for sale. If the intent is to hold the asset for continued use, the impairment test first requires a comparison of undiscounted future cash flows to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, the asset would not be deemed to be recoverable. Impairment would then be measured as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Fair value is typically determined by discounting the future cash flows associated with that asset. If the intent is to hold the asset for sale and certain other criteria are met, the impairment test involves comparing the asset’s carrying value to its fair value less costs to sell. To the extent the carrying value is greater than the asset’s fair value less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference. Significant judgments used for long-lived asset impairment assessments include identifying the appropriate asset groupings and primary assets within those groupings, determining whether events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, determining the future cash flows for the assets involved and assumptions applied in determining fair value, which include, reasonable discount rates, growth rates, market risk premiums and other assumptions about the economic environment.

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Equity Method Investments, AFS Securities and Cost Method Investments
Equity method investments, AFS securities and cost method investments are reviewed for indicators of other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. Equity method investments, AFS securities and cost method investments are written down to fair value if there is evidence of a loss in value which is other-than-temporary. The Company estimates the fair value of its investments by considering share price and other publicly available information, recent investee equity transactions, discounted cash flow analysis, recent operating results, comparable public company operating cash flow multiples and in certain situations, balance sheet liquidation values. If the fair value of the investment has dropped below the carrying amount, management considers several factors when determining whether an other-than-temporary decline has occurred, such as: the length of the time and the extent to which the estimated fair value or market value has been below the carrying value, the financial condition and the near-term prospects of the investee, the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the investee for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value and general market conditions. The estimation of fair value and whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred requires the application of significant judgment and future results may vary from current assumptions. (See Note 4.) Other than AFS securities, fair values of investments are not assessed every reporting period unless there are indications of impairment.
If declines in the value of these investments are determined to be other-than-temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period as a component of other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations.
Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to modify its exposure to exogenous events, market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and the fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale securities. At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of four types based on the Company's intentions and expectations as to the likely effectiveness as a hedge. These four types are: (i) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability ("cash flow hedge"), (ii) a hedge of net investments in foreign operations ("net investment hedge"), (iii) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment ("fair value hedge"), or (iv) an instrument with no hedging designation. (See Note 10.)
Cash Flow Hedges
For those derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, gains or losses on the effective portion of derivative instruments are initially recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets and reclassified into the consolidated statements of operations in the same line item in which the hedged item is recognized and in the same period as the hedged item affects earnings. If it becomes probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, any related gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets are reclassified to other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations in that period. Generally, the maximum length of time over which the Company hedges its exposure to variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions is less than one year.
Net Investment Hedges
For those derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivatives instruments are recorded as cumulative translation adjustments, a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets, and are only recognized in earnings upon the liquidation or sale of the hedged investment. If the notional amount of the instrument designated as the hedge of a net investment is greater than the portion of the net investment being hedged, hedge ineffectiveness, which is the gain or loss of the portion over-hedged, is reclassified to other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations in that period.
Fair Value Hedges
For those derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments, including offsetting changes in fair value of the hedged items and amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded in other (expense) income, net .
No Hedging Designation
The Company may also enter into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting. These contracts are intended to mitigate economic exposures of the Company. The changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges and the ineffective portion of derivatives designated as hedging instruments are immediately recorded in other (expense) income, net .

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Financial Statement Presentation
The Company records all unsettled derivative contracts at their gross fair values on the consolidated balance sheets. (See Note 5.) The portion of the fair value that represents cash flows occurring within one year are classified as current, and the portion related to cash flows occurring beyond one year are classified as noncurrent.
The cash flows from the effective portion of derivative instruments used as hedges are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows in the same section as the cash flows from the hedged item. For example, the cash paid or received to settle the effective portion of foreign exchange derivatives intended to hedge distribution revenue earned during the year ended December 31, 2017 is reported as an operating activity in the consolidated statements of cash flows consistent with the classification of cash received from customers. Also, the cash flows related to our interest rate contracts used to hedge the pricing for certain senior notes are reported as a financing activity in the consolidated statements of cash flows consistent with the cash proceeds from our debt offerings. The cash flows from the ineffective portion of derivative instruments used as hedges, periodic settlement of interest on cross-currency swaps, and derivative contracts not designated as hedges are reported as investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Treasury Stock
When stock is acquired for purposes other than formal or constructive retirement, the purchase price of the acquired stock is recorded in a separate treasury stock account, which is separately reported as a reduction of equity.
When stock is retired or purchased for formal or constructive retirement, the purchase price is initially recorded as a reduction to the par value of the shares repurchased, with any excess purchase price over par value recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital related to the series of shares repurchased and any remainder excess purchase price recorded as a reduction to retained earnings. If the purchase price exceeds the amounts allocated to par value and additional paid-in capital related to the series of shares repurchased and retained earnings, the remainder is allocated to additional paid-in capital related to other series of shares.
Common Stock Repurchase Contracts
Under common stock repurchase contracts, the Company makes up front cash payments for the future settlement of the contract in either shares or in cash based on the Company's Series C common stock price at settlement in relation to the strike price of the contract. If the Company's Series C common stock price is below the strike price at expiry, the Company receives a predetermined number of its Series C common stock. If the Company's Series C common stock price is above the strike price at expiry, the Company can elect to settle the transaction in either cash or the equivalent value in shares of Series C common stock at the then current market price upon settlement, based on the notional value of the repurchase contract. The contracts represent a hybrid instrument consisting of a debt instrument and an embedded equity-linked derivative that does not require bifurcation because it is linked to the Company’s own stock. The Company accounts for these contracts as equity transactions. Prepayments are recorded as a reduction in additional paid-in capital. If the contract settles in shares of Series C common stock, that amount will be reclassified to treasury stock. If the contract settles in cash, the cash receipt will be recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenues principally from (i) fees charged to distributors of its network content, which include cable, direct-to-home ("DTH") satellite, telecommunications and digital service providers, (ii) advertising sold on its television networks and websites, (iii) transactions for curriculum-based products and services, (iv) production studios content development and services, (v) affiliate and advertising sales representation services and (vi) the licensing of the Company's brands for consumer products.
Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists, services are rendered or delivery occurs, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues do not include taxes collected from customers on behalf of taxing authorities such as sales tax and value-added tax. However, certain revenues include taxes that customers pay to taxing authorities on the Company’s behalf, such as foreign withholding tax. Revenue recognition for each source of revenue is also based on the following policies.
Distribution
Cable operators, DTH satellite and telecommunications service providers typically pay a per-subscriber fee for the right to distribute the Company’s programming under the terms of distribution contracts. The majority of the Company’s distribution fees are collected monthly throughout the year and distribution revenue is recognized over the term of the contracts based on contracted programming rates and reported subscriber levels. The amount of distribution fees due to the Company are reported by distributors

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


based on actual subscriber levels. Such information is generally not received until after the close of the reporting period. In these cases, the Company estimates the number of subscribers receiving the Company’s programming. Historical adjustments to recorded estimates have not been material.
Revenues associated with digital distribution arrangements are recognized when the Company transfers control of the content and the rights to distribute the content to the customer. If multiple programs are included in the arrangement, the Company allocates the fee to each program based on its relative fair value.
Advertising
Advertising revenues are principally generated from the sale of bundled commercial time on television networks and websites. The Company allocates the ad sales arrangement consideration to each item based on its relative fair value. Advertising revenues are recognized net of agency commissions in the period advertising spots are aired. A substantial portion of the advertising contracts in the U.S. guarantee the advertiser a minimum audience level that either the program in which their advertisements are aired or the advertisement will reach. Revenues are recognized for the actual audience level delivered. The Company provides the advertiser with additional advertising spots in future periods if the guaranteed audience level is not delivered. Revenues are deferred for any shortfall in the guaranteed audience level until the guaranteed audience level is delivered or the rights associated with the guarantee lapse. Audience guarantees are initially developed internally based on planned programming, historical audience levels, the success of pilot programs, and market trends. In the U.S., actual audience and delivery information is published by independent ratings services. In certain instances, the independent ratings information is not received until after the close of the reporting period. In these cases, reported advertising revenue and related deferred revenue are based upon the Company’s estimates of the audience level delivered. Historical adjustments to recorded estimates have not been material.
Advertising revenues from online properties are recognized as impressions are delivered or the services are performed.
Other
Revenue for curriculum-based services is recognized ratably over the contract term as service is provided. Royalties from brand licensing arrangements are earned as products are sold by the licensee. Revenue from the production studios segment is recognized when the content is delivered and available for airing by the customer.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue primarily consists of cash received for television advertising for which the advertising spots have not yet fully delivered the ratings guaranteed, product licensing arrangements, advanced billings to subscribers for access to the Company’s curriculum-based streaming services and advanced fees received related to the sublicensing of Olympic rights. The amounts classified as current are expected to be earned within the next year.
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The Company has incentive plans under which performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), service-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) are issued. The Company's unit awards plan is no longer active, effective January 1, 2016.
Vesting for certain PRSUs is subject to satisfying objective operating performance conditions, while vesting for other PRSUs is based on the achievement of a combination of objective and subjective operating performance conditions. Compensation expense for PRSUs that vest based on achieving objective operating performance conditions is measured based on the fair value of the Company’s Series A and C common stock on the date of grant less actual forfeitures. Compensation expense for PRSUs that vest based on achieving subjective operating performance conditions or in situations where the executive is able to withhold taxes in excess of the minimum statutory requirement, is remeasured at the fair value of the Company’s Series A and Series C common stock, as applicable, less actual forfeitures each reporting period until the date of conversion. Compensation expense for all PRSUs is recognized ratably, following a graded vesting pattern during the vesting period only when it is probable that the operating performance conditions will be achieved. The Company records a cumulative adjustment to compensation expense for PRSUs if there is a change in the determination of whether or not it is probable the operating performance conditions will be achieved.
The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for RSUs based on the fair value of the Company’s Series A common stock on the date of grant less actual forfeitures. Compensation expense for RSUs is recognized ratably during the vesting period.
Compensation expense for stock options is attributed to expense over the vesting period based on the fair value on the date of grant less actual forfeitures. Compensation expense for stock options is recognized ratably during the vesting period.
The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for SARs and unit awards based on the fair value of the award less forfeitures. Because certain SARs and all unit awards are cash-settled, the Company remeasures the fair

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


value of these awards each reporting period until settlement. Compensation expense, including changes in fair value, for SARs and unit awards is recognized during the vesting period in proportion to the requisite service that has been rendered as of the reporting date. For awards with graded vesting, the Company measures fair value and records compensation expense separately for each vesting tranche.
The fair values of SARs and stock options are estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Because the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the use of subjective assumptions, changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value of awards. For SARs the expected term is the period from the grant date to the end of the contractual term of the award unless the terms of the award allow for cash-settlement automatically on the date the awards vest, in which case the vesting date is used. For stock options the simplified method is utilized to calculate the expected term, since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The simplified method considers the period from the date of grant through the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term of the award. Expected volatility is based on a combination of implied volatilities from traded options on the Company’s common stock and historical realized volatility of the Company’s common stock. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero because the Company has no history of paying cash dividends and no present intention to pay dividends. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the award.
When recording compensation cost for share-based awards, the Company has the option to estimate the number of awards granted that are expected to be forfeited or use actual forfeitures, in accordance with the March 2016 FASB guidance that simplified how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted the new guidance on a modified retrospective basis to use actual forfeitures in the calculations of share-based compensation expense instead of estimated forfeitures.
The Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) enables eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions or other permitted means. The Company recognizes the fair value of the discount associated with shares purchased under the plan as equity-based compensation expense.
Share-based compensation expense is recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. The Company classifies the intrinsic value of SARs that are vested or will become vested within one year as a current liability.
Excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock options and vested RSUs, PRSUs and the ESPP are reported as cash inflows from operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as promotional services are delivered in selling, general and administrative expenses. Advertising costs paid to third parties totaled $162 million , $166 million and $148 million for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred taxes are measured using rates the Company expects to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not such assets will be unrealized. The Company also engages in transactions that make the Company eligible for federal investment tax credits. The Company accounts for federal investment tax credits under the flow-through method, under which the tax benefit generated from an investment tax credit is recorded in the period the credit is generated.
From time to time, the Company engages in transactions in which the tax consequences may be uncertain. Significant judgment is required in assessing and estimating the tax consequences of these transactions. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on its interpretation of tax laws and regulations. In the normal course of business, the Company's tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities.
In determining the Company's tax provision for financial reporting purposes, the Company establishes a reserve for uncertain tax positions unless the Company determines that such positions are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on their technical merits, including the resolution of any appeals or litigations processes. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether positions taken on the Company's tax returns are more likely than not to be sustained. The Company adjusts its tax reserve estimates periodically because of ongoing examinations by, and settlements with, various taxing authorities, as well as changes in tax laws, regulations and interpretations.

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


On December 22, 2017, new federal tax reform legislation was enacted in the United States, resulting in significant changes from previous tax law, including the new tax on global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"). The Company concluded that it would not be appropriate to provide deferred taxes on individual inside basis differences or the outside basis difference (or portion thereof) because a taxpayer’s GILTI is based on its aggregate income from all foreign corporations. Because the computation is done at an aggregate level, the unit of account is not the taxpayer’s investment in an individual foreign corporation or that corporation’s assets and liabilities.
Concentrations Risk
Customers
The Company has long-term contracts with distributors around the world. For the U.S. Networks segment, more than 90% of distribution revenue comes from the 10 largest distributors. For the International Networks segment, approximately 42% of distribution revenue comes from the 10 largest distributors. Agreements in place with the 10 largest cable and satellite operators with the U.S. Networks and International Networks expire at various times from 2018 through 2021 . Although the Company seeks to renew its agreements with its distributors prior to expiration of a contract, a delay in securing a renewal that results in a service disruption, a failure to secure a renewal or a renewal on less favorable terms may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Not only could the Company experience a reduction in distribution revenue, but it could also experience a reduction in advertising revenue, as viewership is impacted by affiliate subscriber levels.
No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of total consolidated revenues for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 . As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company’s trade receivables do not represent a significant concentration of credit risk as the customers and markets in which the Company operates are varied and dispersed across many geographic areas.
Financial Institutions
Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions. The Company has deposits held with banks that exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions of reputable credit and, therefore, bear minimal credit risk. In conjunction with the Scripps Networks acquisition, $2.7 billion of proceeds from debt issuances were invested in money market funds, $1.3 billion were invested in time deposit accounts, and the remainder was invested in highly liquid, short-term instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less. These investments are classified as cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet and are anticipated to be used for the Scripps Networks acquisition; in the interim, the Company has full access to these proceeds. Additionally, the Company has cash and cash equivalents held by its foreign subsidiaries. Under the TCJA, the Company is subject to U.S. taxes for the deemed repatriation of certain cash balances held by foreign corporations. The Company intends to continue to permanently reinvest these funds outside of the U.S., and current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund our U.S. operations.
Lender Counterparties
There is a risk that the counterparties associated with the Company’s revolving credit facility will not be available to fund as obligated under the terms of the facility and that the Company may, at the time of such unavailability to fund, have limited or no access to the commercial paper market. If funding under the revolving credit facility is unavailable, the Company may have to acquire a replacement credit facility from different counterparties at a higher cost or may be unable to find a suitable replacement. Typically, the Company seeks to manage such risks from its revolving credit facility by contracting with experienced large financial institutions and monitoring the credit quality of its lenders. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company did not anticipate nonperformance by any of its counterparties.
Counterparty Credit Risk
The Company is exposed to the risk that the counterparties to outstanding derivative financial instruments will default on their obligations. The Company manages these credit risks through the evaluation and monitoring of the creditworthiness of, and concentration of risk with, the respective counterparties. In this regard, credit risk associated with outstanding derivative financial instruments is spread across a relatively broad counterparty base of banks and financial institutions. In connection with the Company's hedge of certain investments classified as available-for-sale securities, the Company has pledged shares as collateral to the derivative counterparty. (See Note 5.) The Company also has a limited number of arrangements where collateral is required to be posted in the instance that certain fair value thresholds are exceeded. As of December 31, 2017 , $3 million of collateral has been posted by the Company under these arrangements and classified as other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2017 , our exposure to counterparty credit risk included derivative assets with an aggregate fair value of $25 million . (See Note 10.)

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 3. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
Acquisitions
Scripps Networks Interactive, Inc.
On February 26, 2018 , the U.S. Department of Justice notified the Company that it has closed its investigation into Discovery's agreement for a plan of merger to acquire Scripps Networks in a cash-and-stock transaction. The estimated merger consideration for the acquisition totals $12.0 billion , including cash of $8.4 billion and stock of $3.6 billion based on the Series C common stock price as of January 31, 2018 . In addition, the Company will assume Scripps Networks' net debt of approximately $2.7 billion . The transaction is expected to close in early 2018.
Scripps Networks shareholders will receive $63.00 per share in cash and a number of shares of Discovery's Series C common stock that is determined in accordance with a formula and subject to a collar based on the volume weighted average price of the Company's Series C common stock. The formula is based on the volume weighted average price of Discovery's Series C common stock over the 15 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to closing (the “Average Discovery Price”). Scripps Networks shareholders will receive 1.2096 shares of Discovery's Series C common stock if the Average Discovery Price is below $22.32 , and 0.9408 shares of Discovery's Series C common stock if the Average Discovery Price is above $28.70 . The intent of the range was to provide Scripps Networks shareholders with $27.00 of value per share in Discovery Series C common stock; if the Average Discovery Price is greater than or equal to $22.32 but less than or equal to $28.70 , Scripps Networks shareholders will receive a proportional number of shares between 1.2096 and 0.9408 . If the Average Discovery Price is below $25.51 , Discovery has the option to pay additional cash instead of issuing more shares above the 1.0584 conversation ratio required at $25.51 . The cash payment is equal to the product of the additional shares required under the collar formula multiplied by the Average Discovery Price; for example, if the Average Discovery Price were $22.32 with a conversion ratio of 1.2096 , the Company could offer shares at the 1.0584 ratio and pay for the difference associated with the incremental shares in cash. Outstanding employee equity awards or share-based awards that vest upon the change of control will be acquired with a similar combination of cash and shares of Discovery Series C common stock pursuant to terms specified in the Merger Agreement. Therefore, the merger consideration will fluctuate based upon changes in the share price of Discovery Series C common stock and the number of Scripps Networks common shares, stock options, and other equity-based awards outstanding on the closing date. Discovery will also pay certain transaction costs incurred by Scripps Networks. The post-closing impact of the formula was intended to result in Scripps Networks’ shareholders owning approximately 20% of Discovery’s fully diluted common shares and Discovery’s shareholders owning approximately 80% . The Company will utilize debt (see Note 9) and cash on hand to finance the cash portion of the transaction. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.
John C. Malone, Advance/Newhouse and members of the Scripps family entered into voting agreements to vote in favor of the transactions and the stockholders of both Discovery and Scripps Networks approved the transaction on November 17, 2017 . In addition, Advance/Newhouse has provided its consent, in its capacity as the holder of Discovery’s outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock, for Discovery to enter into the Merger Agreement and consummate the merger. In connection with this consent, Discovery and Advance/Newhouse entered into an exchange agreement pursuant to which Advance/Newhouse exchanged all of its shares of Series A and Series C preferred stock of Discovery for shares of newly designated Series A-1 and Series C-1 preferred stock of Discovery. The exchange transaction did not change the aggregate number of shares of Discovery’s Series A common stock and Series C common stock that are beneficially owned by Advance/Newhouse or change voting rights or liquidation preferences afforded to Advance/Newhouse. The $35 million impact of the modification has been recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. (See Note 12 and Note 17.) All of Discovery's direct costs of the Scripps Networks acquisition will be reflected as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following table summarizes the components of the estimated merger consideration (in millions of dollars and shares, except for per share amounts, share conversion ratio, stock option conversion ratio, average cash consideration and average equity consideration). The estimated merger consideration is based on the number of Scripps Networks shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017 , and utilizes a January 31, 2018 transaction closing date to compute the equity portion of the purchase price.
Outstanding Scripps Networks equity
 
 
Scripps Networks shares outstanding
 
130

Cash consideration per share
 
$
63.00

Estimated cash portion of purchase price
 
$
8,193

 
 
 
Scripps Networks shares outstanding
 
130

Share conversion ratio
 
1.1316

Discovery Series C common stock assumed to be issued
 
147

Discovery Series C common stock price per share
 
$
23.86

Estimated equity portion of purchase price
 
$
3,511

 
 
 
Outstanding shares under Scripps Networks share-based compensation programs
 
 
Shares under Scripps Networks share-based compensation programs
 
3

Scripps Networks share-based compensation converting to cash (70%)
 
2

Average cash consideration (per share less applicable exercise price)
 
$
50.34

Estimated cash portion of purchase price
 
$
114

 
 
 
Scripps Networks share-based compensation converting to Discovery Series C common stock (30%)
 
1

Stock option conversion ratio (based on intrinsic value per award)
 
3

Discovery Series C common stock (1) or options (2) assumed to be issued
 
3

Average equity consideration (intrinsic value of Discovery Series C common stock or options to be issued as consideration)
 
$
12.84

Estimated equity portion of purchase price for share awards
 
$
45

 
 
 
Scripps Networks transaction costs required to be paid by Discovery
 
$
105

 
 
 
Total estimated consideration to be paid
 
$
11,968

Balances reflect rounding of dollar and share amounts to millions, which may result in differences for recalculated amounts compared with the amounts presented above.

Merger Consideration Sensitivity
The table below illustrates the potential impact to the total estimated outstanding Discovery Series C common stock to be issued assuming that the stock portion of the consideration for outstanding Scripps shares were converted to shares of Discovery Series C common stock at either the low-end or the high-end of the collar range. For the purposes of this calculation, the total number of Scripps outstanding shares has been assumed to be the same as in the table above. The stock prices used to determine the equity portion of the consideration in each scenario is based on Discovery Series C common stock price at the low-end and the high-end of the collar (in millions of dollars and shares, except for conversion ratio).

92


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
 
Discovery Series C Common Stock (DISCK) Shares to Issue and Total Estimated Consideration to be Paid
 
 
Minimum
 
Maximum
Scripps shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017
 
130

 
130

Average Discovery price - Series C common stock
 
$
22.32

 
$
28.70

Conversion ratio
 
1.2096

 
0.9408

Discovery Series C common stock to be issued for estimated Scripps shares outstanding
 
157

 
122

Total estimated consideration to be paid
 
$
11,968

 
$
11,968

If the average price of Discovery Series C common stock is above the collar maximum or below the collar minimum, the total estimated consideration to be paid will increase or decrease accordingly from the amount shown in the table above.
The merger will be accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, which will establish a new basis of accounting for all identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value as of the date control is obtained. Accordingly, the costs to acquire such interests will be allocated to the underlying net assets based on their respective fair values, including noncontrolling interests. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired will be recorded as goodwill.
OWN
On  November 30, 2017 , the Company acquired from Harpo, Inc. ("Harpo") a controlling interest in OWN, increasing Discovery’s ownership stake from 49.50% to 73.99% . OWN is a pay-TV network and website that provides adult lifestyle and entertainment content, which is focused on African Americans. Discovery paid $70 million in cash and recognized a gain of $33 million to account for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the previously held  49.50%  equity interest. The price included an assessment of fair value of the equity interest in the network, subject to the impact of the note payable to Discovery. The gain is included in other (expense) income, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations (see Note 18). Discovery consolidated OWN under the VIE consolidation model upon closing of the transaction. As a result, the accounting for OWN was changed from an equity method investment to a consolidated subsidiary.
The Company applied the acquisition method of accounting to OWN’s business, whereby the excess of the fair value of the business over the fair value of identifiable net assets was allocated to goodwill. The goodwill reflects the workforce and synergies expected from broader exposure to the self-discovery and self-improvement entertainment sector. The goodwill recorded as part of this acquisition is included in the U.S. Network reportable segment and is not amortizable for tax purposes. Intangible assets consist of advertiser backlog, advertiser relationships and affiliate relationships with a weighted average estimated useful life of 9 years.
The preliminary opening balance sheet is subject to adjustment based on final assessment of the fair values of certain acquired assets, principally intangibles, and certain contingent liabilities. The Company used discounted cash flow ("DCF") analyses, which represent Level 3 fair value measurements, to assess certain components of its purchase price allocation. As the Company finalizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, additional purchase price adjustments may be recorded during the measurement period. The Company will reflect measurement period adjustments, if any, in the period in which the adjustments occur. The preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as a reconciliation to cash consideration transferred is presented in the table below (in millions).


93


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
 
November 30, 2017
Intangible assets
 
$
295

Content rights
 
176

Accounts receivable
 
84

Other assets
 
26

Other liabilities
 
(230)

Net assets acquired
 
$
351

Goodwill
 
136

Remeasurement gain on previously held equity interest
 
(33)

Carrying value of previously held equity interest
 
(329)

Redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
(55)

Cash consideration transferred
 
$
70

Following the acquisition of the incremental equity interest and change to governance provisions, the Company has determined that it is now the primary beneficiary of OWN as Discovery obtained control of the Board of Directors and operational rights that significantly impact the economic performance of the business such as programming and marketing, and selection of key personnel. As the primary beneficiary, Discovery includes OWN's assets, liabilities and results of operations in the Company's consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2017 , the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIE were $707 million and $505 million , respectively. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest retained by Harpo was computed based on Harpo's contractual claims to the underlying net assets of the business, which are partially subordinate to the Company's given the Company's historical funding of OWN's losses. The loans funded by Discovery to launch the network require repayment prior to equity distributions to partners.
Harpo has the right to require the Company to purchase its remaining non-controlling interest during 90-day windows beginning on July 1, 2018 and every two and half years thereafter through January 1, 2026. As OWN’s put right is outside the Company's control, OWN’s noncontrolling interest is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest outside of permanent equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. (See Note 11.)
    
The Enthusiast Network, Inc.
On September 25, 2017 , the Company contributed its linear cable network focused on cars and motor sports, Velocity, to a new joint venture ("VTEN"), with GoldenTree Asset Management L.P. ("GoldenTree"). GoldenTree's contributions to the joint venture included businesses from The Enthusiast Network, Inc. ("TEN"), primarily MotorTrend.com, Motor Trend YouTube channel and the Motor Trend OnDemand OTT service. TEN did not contribute its print businesses to the joint venture. The joint venture will establish a portfolio of digital content, social groups, live events and original content focused on the automotive audience. In exchange for their contributions, Discovery and GoldenTree received 67.5% and 32.5% ownership of the new joint venture, respectively.
Discovery consolidated the joint venture under the voting interest consolidation model upon the closing of the transaction. As the Company controlled Velocity and continues to control Velocity after the transaction, the change in the value of the Company's ownership interest was accounted for as an equity transaction and no gain or loss was recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company applied the acquisition method of accounting to TEN's contributed businesses, whereby the excess of the fair value of the contributed business over the fair value of identifiable net assets was allocated to goodwill. The goodwill reflects the workforce and synergies expected from broader exposure to the automotive entertainment sector. The goodwill recorded as part of this acquisition is included in the U.S. Network reportable segment and is not amortizable for tax purposes. Intangible assets primarily consist of trade names, licensing agreements and customer relationships with a weighted average estimated useful life of 16 years .
The Company used DCF analyses, which represent Level 3 fair value measurements, to assess certain components of its purchase price allocation. The fair value of net assets acquired includes measurement period adjustments primarily due to finalization of the valuation of intangible assets recorded against goodwill. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is presented in the table below (in millions).

94


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
 
Preliminary
September 25, 2017
 
Measurement Period Adjustments
 
Final
September 25, 2017
Goodwill
 
$
59

 
$
16

 
$
75

Intangible assets
 
71

 
(18
)
 
53

Property plant and equipment, net
 
16

 
1

 
17

Other assets acquired
 
6

 

 
6

Liabilities assumed
 
(8
)
 
1

 
(7)

Net assets acquired
 
$
144

 
$

 
$
144

Discovery has a fair value call right exercisable during 30 day windows beginning September 2022 and March 2024 to require GoldenTree to sell its entire ownership interest in the joint venture at fair value. GoldenTree has a fair value put right exercisable during 30 day windows beginning in March 2021, September 2022 and March 2024 that requires Discovery to either purchase all of GoldenTree's interest in the joint venture at fair value or participate in an initial public offering for the joint venture. GoldenTree's 32.5% noncontrolling interest in the joint venture is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest outside of permanent equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The opening balance sheet value recognized for the redeemable noncontrolling interest upon closing was  $82 million , based on GoldenTree's ownership interest in the book value of Velocity and fair value of GoldenTree's contribution. The balance was subsequently increased by  $38 million  to adjust the redemption value to fair value of  $120 million . (See Note 11.)
Eurosport International and France
On March 31, 2015 the Company acquired an additional 31% interest in Eurosport France for €36 million ( $38 million ). This transaction gave the Company a 51% controlling stake in Eurosport. The Company recognized gains of $2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to account for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the previously held 20% equity method investments in Eurosport France and Eurosport International. The gains were included in other (expense) income, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. (See Note 18.) On October 1, 2015, TF1 put its remaining  49%  interest in Eurosport to the Company for  €491 million  ( $548 million ). (See Note 11.)
Eurosport is a leading pan-European sports media platform. The flagship Eurosport network focuses on regionally popular sports, such as tennis, skiing, cycling and motor sports. Eurosport’s brands and platforms also include Eurosport HD (high definition simulcast), Eurosport 2, Eurosport 2 HD and Eurosportnews. The acquisitions are intended to enhance the Company's pay-TV offerings in Europe and increase the growth of Eurosport.
The Company used a DCF analysis, which represent Level 3 fair value measurements, to assess certain components of the Eurosport purchase price allocations. The fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests recognized and the remeasurement gains recorded on the previously held equity interests is presented in the table below (in millions).
 
 
Eurosport
France
 
 
March 31, 2015
Goodwill
 
$
69

Intangible assets
 
40

Other assets acquired
 
25

Cash
 
35

Removal of TF1 put right
 
2

Currency translation adjustment
 
(6
)
Remeasurement gain on previously held equity interest
 
(2
)
Liabilities assumed
 
(30
)
Deferred tax liabilities
 
(14
)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 11)
 
(60
)
Carrying value of previously held equity interest
 
(21
)
Net assets acquired
 
$
38


95


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The goodwill reflects the workforce and synergies expected from increased pan-European market penetration as the operations of Eurosport and the Company are combined. The goodwill recorded as part of this acquisition is included in the International Networks reportable segment and is not amortizable for tax purposes. Intangible assets primarily consist of distribution and advertising customer relationships, advertiser backlog and trademarks with a weighted average estimated useful life of 10 years.
Other
In 2017 and 2015 , the Company acquired other businesses for total cash and contingent consideration of $4 million and $91 million , net of cash acquired, respectively. Total consideration as of December 31, 2015 included contingent consideration of $13 million , of which $2 million was paid during 2016. The acquisitions included FTA networks in Poland, Italy and Turkey, cable networks in Denmark and a pay-TV sports channel in Asia. The goodwill reflects the synergies and regional market penetration from combining the operations of these acquisitions with the Company's operations.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The Company did not have material pro forma information to present for 2017, 2016 and 2015. The Company's 2017 business combinations are not material individually or in the aggregate, the Company had no 2016 business combinations, and the Company's 2015 business combinations are also not material individually or in the aggregate.
Dispositions
Education Sale
On February 26, 2018 , the Company announced the planned sale of a controlling equity stake in its education business in the first half of 2018 to Francisco Partners for cash of $120 million . No loss is expected upon sale. The Company will retain an equity interest. Additionally, the Company will have ongoing license agreements which are considered to be at fair value. As of December 31, 2017, the Company determined that the education business did not meet the held for sale criteria, as defined in GAAP as management had not committed to a plan to sell the assets.
Raw and Betty Studios, LLC
On April 28, 2017 , the Company sold Raw and Betty to All3Media. All3Media is a U.K. based television, film and digital production and distribution company. The Company owns 50% of All3Media and accounts for its investment in All3Media under the equity method of accounting. The Company recorded a loss of $4 million for the disposition of these businesses for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The loss on disposition of Raw and Betty included $38 million in net assets, including $30 million of goodwill. Raw and Betty were components of the studios operating segment reported with Education and Other.
Group Nine Transaction
On December 2, 2016 , the Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $50 million upon disposition of its digital network Seeker and production studio SourceFed, following its contribution of the businesses and $100 million in cash for the formation of a new joint venture, Group Nine Media, Inc. ("Group Nine Media"), on December 2, 2016 ("Group Nine Transaction"). Group Nine Media includes Thrillist Media Group, NowThis Media and TheDodo.com. As a result of the transaction, Discovery obtained a non-controlling ownership interest in the preferred stock of Group Nine Media, which is accounted for under the cost method of accounting. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company owns a 42% minority interest in Group Nine Media with a carrying value of $212 million . (See Note 4.) The gain on contribution of the digital networks business included the disposition of $32 million in net assets, including $22 million of goodwill allocated to the transaction based on the relative fair values of the digital networks business disposed of and the portion of the U.S. Networks reporting unit that was retained.
Russia
On October 7, 2015 , Discovery recorded a loss of $5 million upon the deconsolidation of its Russian business following its contribution to a joint venture (the “New Russian Business”) with a Russian media company, National Media Group ("NMG"). The New Russian Business was established to comply with changes in Russian legislation that limit foreign ownership of media companies in Russia. No cash consideration was exchanged in the transaction. NMG contributed a FTA license which enables advertising for the New Russian Business. As part of the transaction, Discovery obtained a 20% ownership interest in the New Russian Business, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The loss on contribution of the Russian business included $15 million of goodwill allocated to the transaction based on the relative fair values of the Russian business disposed of and the portion of the reporting unit that was retained. Although Discovery no longer consolidates the Russian business, Discovery earns revenue by providing content and brands to the New Russian Business under long-term licensing arrangements. (See Note

96


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


19.) The Russian business was included in the International Networks reportable segment; the licensing arrangements with the New Russian Business are reported as distribution revenue in the International Networks reportable segment. (See Note 21.)
Radio
On June 30, 2015 , Discovery sold its radio businesses in Northern Europe to Bauer Media Group ("Bauer") for total consideration, net of cash disposed of €72 million ( $80 million ), which included €54 million ( $61 million ) in cash and €18 million ( $19 million ) of contingent consideration. The cumulative gain on the disposal is $1 million . Based on the final resolution and receipt of contingent consideration payable, Discovery recorded a pre-tax gain of $13 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 . The Company had previously recorded a $12 million loss including estimated contingent consideration as disclosed for the year ended December 31, 2015 .
The Company determined that the disposals noted above did not meet the definition of a discontinued operation because the dispositions do not represent strategic shifts that have a significant impact on the Company's operations and consolidated financial results.
NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS
The Company’s investments consisted of the following (in millions).
   
 
 
 
December 31,
Category
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
2017
 
2016
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time deposits
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
1,305

 
$

Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
2,707

 

Mutual funds
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
182

 
160

Equity method investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity investments
 
Equity method investments
 
335

 
246

OWN advances and note receivable
 
Equity method investments

 

 
311

AFS securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
82

 
64

Common stock - pledged
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
82

 
64

Cost method investments
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
295

 
245

Total investments
 
 
 
$
4,988

 
$
1,090

Money Market Funds, Time Deposits and U.S. Treasury Securities
During 2017, the Company issued $6.8 billion in senior notes to fund the anticipated Scripps Networks acquisition. (See Note 3 and Note 9.) Of these total proceeds, $2.7 billion were invested in money market funds, $1.3 billion were invested in time deposit accounts, and the remainder was invested in highly liquid, short-term instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less. These investments are classified as cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet and are anticipated to be used for the Scripps Networks acquisition. In the interim, the Company has full access to these proceeds. Of the $6.8 billion in debt proceeds, approximately $5.9 billion is subject to a special mandatory redemption provision that requires the Company to redeem the notes for a price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the notes, in the event that the Scripps Networks acquisition has not closed or the agreement is terminated prior to August 30, 2018 . While the Company expects to complete the Scripps Networks acquisition by the required date, unanticipated developments could delay or prevent the acquisition.
Mutual Funds
Trading securities include investments in mutual funds held in a separate trust, which are owned as part of the Company’s supplemental retirement plan. (See Note 5.)

97


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Equity Method Investments
The Company makes investments that support its underlying business strategy and enable it to enter new markets and develop programming. Almost all equity method investees are privately owned. With the exception of the OWN investment prior to the November 30, 2017 acquisition (see Note 3), and certain investments in renewable energy projects accounted for using the HLBV methodology, carrying values of the Company’s equity method investments are consistent with its ownership in the underlying net assets of the investees. Certain of the Company's equity method investments are VIEs, for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company’s maximum estimated exposure for all its VIEs including the investment carrying values, unfunded contractual commitments, and guarantees made on behalf of VIEs was approximately $204 million . The Company's maximum estimated exposure excludes the non-contractual future funding of VIEs. The aggregate carrying values of these VIE equity method investments were $181 million and $426 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The Company recognized its portion of VIE operating results with losses of $182 million , earnings of $7 million and earnings of $30 million for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively, in income from equity investees, net on the consolidated statements of operations.
Renewable Energy Investments
The Company invested in limited liability companies that sponsor renewable energy projects related to solar energy during the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , for the amounts of $322 million and $63 million , respectively. There were no investments in 2015 . The Company expects these investments to result in tax benefits received, which reduce the Company's tax liability, and cash flows from the operations of the investees. These investments are considered VIEs of the Company. The Company accounts for these investments under the equity method of accounting. While the Company possesses rights that allow it to exercise significant influence over the investments, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that will most significantly impact their economic performance, such as the investee's ability to obtain sufficient customers or control solar panel assets. Once a stipulated return on investment is garnered by the Company, the investment allocations to the Company are significantly reduced. Accordingly, the Company applies the HLBV method for recognizing the Company's proportionate share of the investments' net earnings or losses.
The Company recognized $251 million and $24 million of losses on these investments as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. The losses are reflected as a component of (loss) income from equity investees, net on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company has recorded income tax benefits associated with these investments of $294 million post-tax reform and $26 million for 2017 and 2016 , respectively. These benefits are comprised of $83 million post-tax reform and $9 million from the entities' passive losses and $211 million post-tax reform and $17 million from investment tax credits for 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company accounts for investment tax credits utilizing the flow through method. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company's carrying value of renewable energy investments were $98 million and $39 million , respectively. The Company has $20 million of future funding commitments for these investments as of December 31, 2017 , which are cancelable under limited circumstances. The Company has concluded that losses incurred on these investments to-date are not indicative of an other-than-temporary impairment due to the nature of these investments. Losses in the early stages of investments in companies that sponsor renewable energy projects are not uncommon, and the Company expects improved performance from these investments in future periods.
Other Equity Method Investments
At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company's other equity method investments included All3Media, a Russian cable television business, Mega TV in Chile, and certain joint ventures in Canada. The Company acquired other equity method investments, largely to enhance the Company's digital distribution strategies, particularly for Eurosport Player, and made additional contributions to existing equity method investments totaling $73 million during 2017 .
Significant Subsidiaries
    The table set forth below presents selected financial information for investments accounted for under the equity method. Because renewable energy projects discussed above are accounted for under the HLBV equity method of accounting, the Company's equity method losses do not directly correlate with the GAAP results of the investees presented below. The selected statement of operations information for each of the three years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 and the selected balance sheet information as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in millions).

98


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Selected Statement of Operations Information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
1,780

 
$
1,617

 
$
1,324

Cost of sales
 
1,100

 
998

 
853

Operating income
 
76

 
83

 
42

Pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations before extraordinary items
 
16

 
(78
)
 
(42
)
After-tax net loss
 
(27
)
 
(98
)
 
(42
)
Net loss attributable to the entity
 
(27
)
 
(99
)
 
(42
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected Balance Sheet Information:


 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
$
1,002

 
$
884

 
 
Noncurrent assets
 
1,946

 
1,646

 
 
Current liabilities
 
701

 
752

 
 
Noncurrent liabilities
 
1,008

 
1,177

 
 
Redeemable preferred stock
 
476

 

 
 
Non-controlling interests
 
6

 
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFS Securities
On November 12, 2015 , the Company acquired 5 million shares, or 3% , of Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. ("Lionsgate"), an entertainment company, for $195 million . Lionsgate operates in the motion picture production and distribution, television programming and syndication, home entertainment, family entertainment and digital distribution businesses. As the shares have a readily determinable fair value and the Company has the intent to retain the investment, the shares are classified as AFS securities.
The accumulated amounts associated with the components of the Company's AFS securities, which are included in other non-current assets, are summarized in the table below.
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Cost
 
$
195

 
$
195

Accumulated change in the value of:
 
 
 
 
Hedged AFS recognized in other expense, net
 
(1
)
 
(19
)
Unhedged AFS recorded in other comprehensive income
 
32

 
14

Other-than-temporary impairment of AFS Securities
 
(62
)
 
(62
)
Carrying value
 
$
164

 
$
128


The Company hedged 50% of the shares with an equity collar (the “Lionsgate Collar”) and pledged those shares as collateral to the derivative counter party. In the application of hedge accounting, when the share price of Lionsgate is within the boundaries of the collar and the hedge has no intrinsic value, the Company records the gains or losses on the Lionsgate AFS securities as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) . When the share price of the Lionsgate AFS is outside the boundaries of the collar and the hedge has intrinsic value, the Company records a gain or loss for the change in the fair value of the hedged portion of Lionsgate shares that correspond to the change in intrinsic value of the hedge as a component of other (expense) income, net . (See Note 10.)
In 2016 , the Company determined that the decline in value of AFS securities related to its investment in Lionsgate was other-than-temporary in nature and, as such, the cost basis was adjusted to fair value. The impairment determination was based on the sustained decline in the stock price of Lionsgate in relation to the purchase price and the prolonged length of time the fair value of the investment has been less than the carrying value. Based on the other-than-temporary impairment determination, unrealized pre-tax losses of $62 million previously recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) were recognized as an impairment charge that is included as a component of other (expense) income, net for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Since the

99


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


impairment charge in 2016 , the changes in fair value as result of changes in stock price have been recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) .
Cost Method Investments
The Company's cost method investments as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 totaled $295 million and $245 million , respectively, and primarily include its non-controlling interest in Group Nine Media with a carrying value of $212 million and $182 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. (See Note 3.) Although Discovery has significant influence through its voting rights in the preferred stock of Group Nine Media, the Company applied the cost method for its ownership interest, which does not meet the definition of in-substance common stock. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company owns a 42% minority interest in Group Nine Media. The Company increased its cost method investments by $50 million and $18 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . For the year ended December 31, 2017 , there were no indicators of impairment or that the fair values of the Company's investments had changed materially.

100


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified in the following three categories:  
Level 1
Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2
Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.
Level 3
Valuations derived from techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.
The table below presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions).
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
Category
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalent:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time deposits
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$

 
$
1,305

 
$

 
$
1,305

Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
2,707

 

 

 
2,707

Mutual funds
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
182

 

 

 
182

AFS securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
82

 

 

 
82

Common stock - pledged
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
82

 

 

 
82

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 

 
7

 

 
7

Net investment hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
 
Other noncurrent assets
 

 
3

 

 
3

Foreign exchange
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 

 
2

 

 
2

Fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity (Lionsgate Collar)
 
Other noncurrent assets
 

 
13

 

 
13

Total
 
 
 
$
3,053

 
$
1,330

 
$

 
$
4,383

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan
 
Accrued liabilities
 
$
182

 
$

 
$

 
$
182

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange
 
Accrued liabilities
 

 
12

 

 
12

Net investment hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
 
Accrued liabilities
 

 
13

 

 
13

Cross-currency swaps
 
Other noncurrent liabilities
 

 
98

 

 
98

Foreign exchange
 
Accrued liabilities
 

 
8

 

 
8

No hedging designation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Credit contracts
 
Other noncurrent liabilities
 

 
1

 

 
1

Cross-currency swaps
 
Other noncurrent liabilities
 

 
6

 

 
6

Total
 
 
 
$
182

 
$
138

 
$

 
$
320



101


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
Category
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities - mutual funds
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
$
160

 
$

 
$

 
$
160

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
64

 

 

 
64

Common stock - pledged
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
64

 

 

 
64

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 

 
31

 

 
31

Net investment hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
 
Other noncurrent assets
 

 
35

 

 
35

Fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity (Lionsgate Collar)
 
Other noncurrent assets
 

 
25

 

 
25

No hedging designation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
 
Other noncurrent assets
 

 
1

 

 
1

Total
 
 
 
$
288

 
$
92

 
$

 
$
380

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan
 
Accrued liabilities
 
$
160

 
$

 
$

 
$
160

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange
 
Accrued liabilities
 

 
18

 

 
18

Net investment hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
 
Accrued liabilities
 

 
3

 

 
3

Cross-currency swaps
 
Other noncurrent liabilities
 

 
31

 

 
31

Total
 
 
 
$
160

 
$
52

 
$

 
$
212

Cash obtained as a result of the issuance of senior notes to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Scripps Networks acquisition is invested into money market funds, time deposit accounts, U.S. Treasury securities and highly liquid short-term instruments that qualify as cash and cash equivalents. Any accrued interest received after maturity are reinvested into additional short-term instruments. (See Note 4.) The Company values cash and cash equivalents using quoted market prices.
The fair value of Level 1 trading securities was determined by reference to the quoted market price per unit in active markets multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs. (See Note 4.) The fair value of the deferred compensation plan liability was determined based on the fair value of the related investments elected by employees.
AFS securities represent equity investments with readily determinable fair values. The fair value of Level 1 AFS securities was determined by reference to the quoted market price per unit in active markets multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs. (See Note 4.)
Derivative financial instruments are comprised of foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and equity contracts. (See Note 10). The fair value of Level 2 derivative financial instruments was determined using a market-based approach.
In addition to the financial instruments listed in the tables above, the Company has other financial instruments, including cash deposits, accounts receivable, accounts payable, commercial paper, borrowings under the revolving credit facility, capital leases and senior notes. The carrying values for such financial instruments, other than senior notes, each approximated their fair values as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . The estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding senior notes using quoted prices from over the counter markets, considered Level 2 inputs, was $14.8 billion and $7.4 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

102


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 6. CONTENT RIGHTS
The following table presents the components of content rights (in millions).
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Produced content rights:
 
 
 
 
Completed
 
$
4,355

 
$
3,920

In-production
 
442

 
420

Coproduced content rights:
 
 
 
 
Completed
 
745

 
632

In-production
 
27

 
57

Licensed content rights:
 
 
 
 
Acquired
 
1,070

 
1,090

Prepaid (a)
 
181

 
129

Content rights, at cost
 
6,820

 
6,248

Accumulated amortization
 
(4,197
)
 
(3,849
)
Total content rights, net
 
2,623

 
2,399

Current portion
 
(410
)
 
(310
)
Noncurrent portion
 
$
2,213

 
$
2,089

 
 
 
 
 
(a) Prepaid licensed content rights includes prepaid rights to the Olympic Games of $83 million that are reflected as current content rights assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 .
Content expense is included in costs of revenues on the consolidated statements of operations and consisted of the following (in millions).
 
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Content amortization
 
$
1,878

 
$
1,701

 
$
1,628

Other production charges
 
310

 
272

 
231

Content impairments   (a)
 
32

 
72

 
81

Total content expense
 
$
2,220

 
$
2,045

 
$
1,940

 
 
 
 
 
(a) Content impairments are generally recorded as a component of costs of revenue. However during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , content impairments of $7 million and $21 million , respectively, were reflected as a component of restructuring and other charges. These impairment charges resulted from the cancellation of certain series due to legal circumstances pertaining to the associated talent. No content impairments were recorded as a component of restructuring and other during the year ended December 31, 2017 .
As of December 31, 2017 , the Company estimates that approximately 96% of unamortized costs of content rights, excluding content in-production and prepaid licenses, will be amortized within the next three years. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company will amortize $1.1 billion of the above unamortized content rights, excluding content in-production and prepaid licenses, during the next twelve months.

103


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in millions).
 
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Land, buildings and leasehold improvements
$
363

 
$
327

Broadcast equipment
728

 
607

Capitalized software costs
379

 
347

Office equipment, furniture, fixtures and other
431

 
333

Property and equipment, at cost
1,901

 
1,614

Accumulated depreciation
(1,304
)
 
(1,132
)
Property and equipment, net
$
597

 
$
482

Property and equipment includes assets acquired under capital lease arrangements, primarily satellite transponders classified as broadcast equipment, with gross carrying values of $358 million and $284 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The related accumulated amortization for capital lease assets was $154 million and $155 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
The net book value of capitalized software costs was $86 million and $96 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Depreciation expense for property and equipment, including amortization of capitalized software costs and capital lease assets, totaled $150 million , $139 million and $138 million for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively.
In addition to the capitalized property and equipment included in the above table, the Company rents certain facilities and equipment under operating lease arrangements. Rental expense for operating leases totaled $127 million , $122 million and $134 million for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively.
NOTE 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The carrying value and changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each business unit were as follows (in millions).
 
 
 
U.S.
Networks
 
International
Networks
 
Education and Other
 
Total
December 31, 2015
 
$
5,287

 
$
2,800

 
$
77

 
$
8,164

Dispositions (Note 3)
 
(22
)
 

 

 
(22
)
Foreign currency translation
 

 
(92
)
 
(10
)
 
(102
)
December 31, 2016
 
5,265

 
2,708

 
67

 
8,040

Acquisitions (Note 3)
 
211

 
7

 

 
218

Dispositions (Note 3)
 

 

 
(30
)
 
(30
)
Impairment of goodwill
 

 
(1,327
)
 

 
(1,327
)
Foreign currency translation
 
2

 
167

 
3

 
172

December 31, 2017
 
$
5,478

 
$
1,555

 
$
40

 
$
7,073

The carrying amount of goodwill at the International Networks segment included accumulated impairments of $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2017 . The carrying amount of goodwill at the U.S. Networks segment included accumulated impairments of $20 million as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

104


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Intangible Assets
Finite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions, except years).
 
 
Weighted
Average
Amortization
Period (Years)
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Gross
 
Accumulated 
Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks
10
 
$
494

 
$
(224
)
 
$
270

 
$
412

 
$
(165
)
 
$
247

Customer relationships
16
 
2,026

 
(758
)
 
1,268

 
1,632

 
(594
)
 
1,038

Other
16
 
118

 
(50
)
 
68

 
97

 
(34
)
 
63

Total
 
 
$
2,638

 
$
(1,032
)
 
$
1,606

 
$
2,141

 
$
(793
)
 
$
1,348


Indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization (in millions):
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
 
 
 
 
Trademarks
 
$
164

 
$
164

Straight-line amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets reflects the pattern in which the assets' economic benefits are consumed over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $180 million , $183 million and $192 million for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively.
Amortization expense relating to intangible assets subject to amortization for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows (in millions).
 
 
2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
Amortization expense
 
$
220

 
$
203

 
$
198

 
$
174

 
$
147

 
$
664

The amount and timing of the estimated expenses in the above table may vary due to future acquisitions, dispositions, impairments, changes in estimated useful lives or changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Impairment Analysis
Consistent with the Company's accounting policy, the Company performed a quantitative step 1 impairment test (comparison of fair value to carrying value) for each of its reporting units in 2016 which indicated limited headroom (the excess of fair value over carrying value) in the European reporting unit of 12% , all other reporting units had headroom in excess of 40% . Given the limited headroom in the European reporting unit, the Company closely monitored its results during 2017 and again performed a quantitative impairment test of the European reporting unit as of November 30, 2017 , which indicated potential impairment (approximately $100 million or 3% deficit). The key factors resulting in the impairment include: 1) moderated revenue expectations based on continued declines in viewership, 2) expected increases in content investment to service existing customers and grow the Company's direct-to-consumer business, and 3) lower stock price multiples for peer media companies. Given the results of the step 1 impairment test, the Company applied the hypothetical purchase price analysis required by the step 2 test and recognized a pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $1.3 billion as of November 30, 2017 , for the European reporting unit. The impairment charge of $1.3 billion significantly exceeds the deficit of fair value to carrying value of approximately $100 million because of significant intangible assets that are not recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheet (i.e., excluded from book carrying value) but are considered in the step 2 calculation on a fair value basis. The step 1 and step 2 tests and relevant assumptions are further discussed below. For the US Networks, Latin, Asia and Education reporting units, the Company performed a qualitative goodwill impairment review in 2017. No factors were identified indicating a need for a quantitative assessment.
For the 2017 step 1 test, the carrying value of the European reporting unit of $4.0 billion , which includes $2.4 billion of goodwill, exceeded its fair value of $3.9 billion by 3% . In performing the step 1 test, the Company determined the fair value of its European reporting unit by using a combination of DCF analyses and market-based valuation methodologies. The results of these valuation methodologies were weighted 75% towards the DCF and 25% towards the market-based approach, which is consistent

105


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


with prior quantitative analyses. Significant judgments and assumptions used in the DCF and market-based model to assess the reporting unit's fair value include the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, long-term growth rates of 2.5% (compared with 3% in 2016 ), a discount rate of 9.75% (compared with 10.5% in 2016 ), and our selection of guideline company earnings multiples of 7.5 (compared with 9.5 in 2016). The cash flows employed in the DCF analysis for the European reporting unit are based on the reporting unit's budget and long-term business plan, which reflect our expectations based upon recent operating performance. Discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of the risk inherent in the future cash flows of the respective reporting unit and market conditions. Given the inherent uncertainty in determining the assumptions underlying a DCF analysis, actual results may differ from those used in the valuations.
The net assets assigned to the European reporting unit included corporate allocations. These assets and liabilities include corporate enterprise goodwill and intangible assets, allocated in prior periods based on the relative fair value of the European reporting unit at the time, and deferred taxes and content, allocated based on whether or not the jurisdiction gave rise to the deferred tax balance or is using the content asset.
In the second step of the impairment test, the Company hypothetically assigned the European reporting unit's fair value to its individual assets and liabilities, including significant unrecognized intangible assets such as customer relationships and trade names, or liabilities, in a hypothetical purchase price allocation that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. Since the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill was less than the carrying value, the difference was recorded as an impairment charge. The fair value estimates incorporated in step 2 for the hypothetical intangible assets were based on the excess earnings income approach for customer relationships, the relief-from-royalty method for trademarks, and the greenfield approach for broadcast licenses. Key judgments made by management in step 2 of the impairment test included revenue growth rates, length of contract term, number of renewals, customer attrition rates, market-based royalty rates, and market based tax rates. The valuation of advertising relationships assumed an attrition rate of 10% , affiliate relationships assumed three contract renewals, each with a four year term, per customer and trade names assumed royalty rates ranging from 2% to 5% . Other assumptions used in these hypothetical calculations had a less significant impact on the concluded fair value or were subject to less significant estimation or judgment. None of these hypothetical calculations for unrecorded intangibles were recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
As of the goodwill testing date, the carrying value of remaining goodwill assigned to the European reporting unit was $1.1 billion and the net assets of the reporting unit were approximately $2.7 billion , which results in $1.2 billion headroom based on the estimated fair value of $3.9 billion .
The determination of fair value of the Company's DNI-Europe reporting unit represents a Level 3 fair value measurement in the fair value hierarchy due to its use of internal projections and unobservable measurement inputs. Changes in significant judgments and estimates could significantly impact the concluded fair value of the reporting unit or the valuation of intangible assets. Changes to assumptions that would decrease the fair value of the reporting unit would result in corresponding increases to the impairment of goodwill at the reporting unit.
The goodwill impairment charge does not have an impact on the calculation of the Company's financial covenants under the Company's debt arrangements.
As of November 30, 2016 , the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment for all reporting units. Due to the period elapsed since the last quantitative impairment test in 2013, the Company elected to proceed to the first step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and, therefore, no impairment was recorded.  The fair values of the reporting units were determined using DCF and market-based valuation models. Cash flows were determined based on Company estimates of future operating results and discounted using an internal rate of return based on an assessment of the risk inherent in future cash flows of the respective reporting unit. The market-based valuation models utilized multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Both the DCF and market-based models resulted in substantially similar fair values.
As of November 30, 2015 , the Company performed a qualitative goodwill impairment assessment for all reporting units, and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of those reporting units exceeded their carrying values.

106


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 9. DEBT
The table below presents the components of outstanding debt (in millions).
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
5.625% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due August 2019
 
$
411

 
$
500

2.200% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due September 2019
 
500

 

Floating rate notes, quarterly interest, due September 2019
 
400

 

5.050% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due June 2020
 
789

 
1,300

4.375% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due June 2021
 
650

 
650

2.375% Senior notes, euro denominated, annual interest, due March 2022
 
358

 
314

3.300% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due May 2022
 
500

 
500

2.950% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due March 2023
 
1,200

 

3.250% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due April 2023
 
350

 
350

3.800% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due March 2024
 
450

 

2.500% Senior notes, sterling denominated, annual interest, due September 2024
 
538

 

3.450% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due March 2025
 
300

 
300

4.900% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due March 2026
 
700

 
500

1.900% Senior notes, euro denominated, annual interest, due March 2027
 
717

 
627

3.950% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due March 2028
 
1,700

 

5.000% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due September 2037
 
1,250

 

6.350% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due June 2040
 
850

 
850

4.950% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due May 2042
 
500

 
500

4.875% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due April 2043
 
850

 
850

5.200% Senior notes, semi-annual interest, due September 2047
 
1,250

 

Revolving credit facility
 
425

 
550

Commercial paper
 

 
48

Capital lease obligations
 
225

 
151

Total debt
 
14,913

 
7,990

Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs
 
(128
)
 
(67
)
Debt, net
 
14,785

 
7,923

Current portion of debt
 
(30
)
 
(82
)
Noncurrent portion of debt
 
$
14,755

 
$
7,841

Senior Notes
On September 21, 2017 , Discovery Communications, LLC ("DCL"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, issued $500 million principal amount of 2.200% senior notes due 2019 (the “2019 Notes”), $1.20 billion principal amount of 2.950% senior notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”), $1.70 billion principal amount of 3.950% senior notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes”), $1.25 billion principal amount of 5.000% senior notes due 2037 (the “2037 Notes”), $1.25 billion principal amount of 5.200% senior notes due 2047 (the “2047 Notes” and, together with the 2019 Notes, the 2023 Notes, the 2028 Notes, the 2037 Notes and the 2047 Notes, the “Senior Fixed Rate Notes”) and $400 million principal amount of floating rate senior notes due 2019 (the “Senior Floating Rate Notes” and, together with the Senior Fixed Rate Notes, the “USD Notes”). Interest on the Senior Fixed Rate Notes is payable on March 20 and September 20 of each year, beginning March 20, 2018. Interest on the Senior Floating Rate Notes is payable on March 20, June 20, September 20 and December 20 of each year, beginning December 20, 2017. The USD Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company.
On September 21, 2017 , DCL issued £400 million principal amount ( $540 million at issuance based on the exchange rate of $1.35 per pound at September 21, 2017) of 2.500% senior notes due 2024 (the “Sterling Notes”). Interest on the Sterling Notes is payable on September 20 of each year, beginning September 20, 2018.
The proceeds received by DCL from the USD Notes and the Sterling Notes were net of a $11 million issuance discount and $57 million of debt issuance costs. The Sterling Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company.

107


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


With the exception of the 2019 Notes and the Senior Floating Rate Notes, the USD Notes and Sterling Notes include a redemption requirement following a termination of the Scripps Networks Merger Agreement or if the merger does not close prior to August 30, 201 8. The $5.9 billion principal amount of senior notes subject to special mandatory redemption will be classified as noncurrent until either of the contingent events which would trigger the redemption has occurred. As of December 31, 2017 , neither of the contingent events have occurred and therefore these senior notes are classified as noncurrent. In the event that the redemption provision is triggered, the Company would be required to redeem the notes for a price equal to 101% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the notes.
On March 13, 2017 , DCL issued $ 450 million principal amount of 3.80% senior notes due March 13, 2024 (the "2017 USD Notes") and an additional $200 million principal amount of its existing 4.90% senior notes due March 11, 2026 (the "2016 USD Notes"). Interest on the 2017 USD Notes is payable semi-annually on March 13 and September 13 of each year. Interest on the 2016 USD Notes is payable semi-annually on March 11 and September 11 of each year. The proceeds received by DCL from the 2017 USD Notes were net of a $1 million issuance discount and $4 million of debt issuance costs. The proceeds received by DCL from the 2016 USD Notes included a $10 million issuance premium and were net of $2 million of debt issuance costs. The 2017 USD Notes and the 2016 USD Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company.
DCL used the proceeds from the offerings of the 2017 USD Notes and the 2016 USD Notes to repurchase $600 million aggregate principal amount of DCL's 5.05% senior notes due 2020 and 5.625% senior notes due 2019 in a cash tender offer. The repurchase resulted in a pretax loss on extinguishment of debt of $54 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , which is presented as a separate line item on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and recognized as a component of financing cash outflows on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The loss included $50 million for premiums to par value, $2 million of non-cash write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs, $1 million for the write-off of the original issue discount of these senior notes and $1 million accrued for other third-party fees.

Term Loans
On August 11, 2017 , DCL entered into a three -year delayed draw tranche and a five -year delayed draw tranche unsecured term loan credit facility (the "Term Loans"), each with a principal amount of up to $1 billion . The term of each delayed draw loan begins when Discovery borrows the funds to finance a portion of the Scripps Networks acquisition. The Term Loans' interest rates are based, at the Company's option, on either adjusted LIBOR plus a margin, or an alternate base rate plus a margin. The Company will pay a commitment fee of 20 basis points per annum for each Term Loan, based on its current credit rating, beginning September 28, 2017 until either the funding of the Term Loans or the termination of the Scripps Networks acquisition. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company has not yet borrowed the Term Loans.
Unsecured Bridge Loan Commitment
On July 30, 2017 , the Company obtained a commitment letter from a financial institution for a $9.6 billion unsecured bridge term loan facility that could have been used to complete the Scripps Networks acquisition. No amounts were drawn under the bridge loan commitment and following the execution of the Term Loans and the issuance of the USD Notes and the Sterling Notes on September 21, 2017 , the commitment was terminated. The Company incurred $40 million of debt issuance costs, which are fully amortized as a component of interest expense following the issuance of the senior notes on September 21, 2017 . The associated cash payment has been classified as a financing activity in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Revolving Credit Facility
On August 11, 2017 , DCL amended its $2.0 billion revolving credit facility to allow DCL and certain designated foreign subsidiaries of DCL to borrow up to $2.5 billion , including a $100 million sublimit for the issuance of standby letters of credit and a $50 million sublimit for Euro-denominated swing line loans. Borrowing capacity under this agreement is reduced by any outstanding borrowings under the commercial paper program discussed below. The revolving credit facility agreement amendment extends the maturity date from February 4, 2021 to August 11, 2022 , with the option for up to two additional 364 -day renewal periods. The amended credit facility agreement expressly permits the incurrence of indebtedness to finance the Scripps Networks acquisition. Discovery also agreed to make Scripps Networks a guarantor under the agreement following the closing of the acquisition.
The credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility contains customary representations, warranties and events of default, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. In addition to the change in the revolver's capacity on August 11, 2017 , the financial covenants were modified to reset the maximum consolidated leverage ratio financial covenant to 5.50 to 1.00 , with step-downs to 5.00 to 1.00 and to 4.50 to 1.00 , one year and two years after the closing of the Scripps Networks acquisition, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company's subsidiary, DCL, was in compliance with all covenants and there were no events of default under the revolving credit facility.

108


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following table presents a summary of the outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility (in millions).
 
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Outstanding debt
 
$
425

 
$
550

Outstanding debt denominated in foreign currency
 

 
207

Weighted average interest rate
 
2.69
%
 
2.05
%
The interest rate on borrowings under the revolving credit facility is variable based on DCL's then-current credit ratings for its publicly traded debt and changes in financial index rates. For dollar-denominated borrowings, the interest rate is based, at the Company's option, on either adjusted LIBOR plus a margin, or an alternate base rate plus a margin. For borrowings denominated in foreign currencies, the interest rate is based on adjusted LIBOR, plus a margin. The current margins are 1.30% and 0.30% , respectively, per annum for adjusted LIBOR and alternate base rate borrowings. A monthly facility fee is charged based on the total capacity of the facility, and interest is charged based on the amount borrowed on the facility. The current facility fee rate is 0.20% per annum and subject to change based on DCL's then-current credit ratings. All obligations of DCL and the other borrowers under the revolving credit facility are unsecured and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Discovery.

Commercial Paper
The Company's commercial paper program is supported by the revolving credit facility described above. The following table presents a summary of the outstanding commercial paper borrowings with maturities of less than 90 days (in millions).
 
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Outstanding debt
 
$

 
$
48

Weighted average interest rate
 
%
 
1.2
%

Long-term Debt Repayment Schedule
The following table presents a summary of scheduled and estimated debt payments, excluding the revolving credit facility, commercial paper borrowings and capital lease obligations, for the succeeding five years based on the amount of debt outstanding as of December 31, 2017 (in millions).  
 
 
2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
Long-term debt repayments
 
$

 
$
1,311

 
$
789

 
$
650

 
$
858

 
$
10,655

Scheduled payments for capital lease obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2017 are disclosed in Note 20.
NOTE 10. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to modify its exposure to exogenous events and market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and the fair value of investments classified as AFS securities. At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of four types based on the Company's intentions and belief as to its likely effectiveness as a hedge. These four types are: (i) a cash flow hedge, (ii) a net investment hedge, (iii) a fair value hedge, or (iv) an instrument with no hedging designation. The Company does not enter into or hold derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company designates foreign currency forward and option contracts as cash flow hedges to mitigate foreign currency risk arising from third-party revenue and inter-company licensing agreements. The Company also designates interest rate contracts used to hedge the pricing for certain senior notes as cash flow hedges.
During the three months ended December 31, 2016, the Company terminated and settled its outstanding interest rate cash flow hedges which resulted in a $40 million pretax gain. As the hedges were considered to be effective and the forecasted transactions were considered probable of occurring, the gain remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss to be amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the term of the forecasted senior notes. The Company reclassified $17 million of the gains

109


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


from accumulated other comprehensive loss to other (expense) income, net , in the Company's consolidated statement of operations, as the forecasted transaction was considered remote following the issuance of the USD Notes on September 21, 2017.
In 2016, the Company also discontinued hedge accounting for certain foreign currency forward and option cash flow hedges with notional and fair value amounts of $125 million and $14 million , respectively. At that time, the occurrence of the forecasted intercompany transactions was no longer considered probable, but was still reasonably possible of occurring. The change in probability was the result of new tax regulations that impacted the planned intercompany transactions that were hedged. As a result of the change in probability, subsequent changes in the fair value of these hedges were reflected immediately in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations. The result was a $1 million gain recognized on the consolidated statements of operations for the period until November 1, 2016, when the forecasted transactions were once again considered probable, as it was determined that no changes to the forecasted intercompany transactions would occur. Accordingly, any changes in the fair value of these hedges subsequent to that date will remain in accumulated other comprehensive loss until earnings are impacted by the forecasted transaction, at which time they will be reclassified to other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations.
In 2015, the Company terminated and settled its interest rate cash flow hedges following the pricing of its 3.45% senior notes due March 15, 2025 (the "2015 USD Notes"). The total notional value of the interest rate forward contracts at the termination date was $490 million , which exceeded the $300 million principal amount of the 2015 USD Notes. Of the $40 million pretax loss recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss at the termination date, $29 million was an effective cash flow hedge that will be amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over the ten year term of the 2015 USD Notes consistent with amortization of the debt discount. The remaining $11 million was reclassified into other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2015, because the forecasted borrowing transaction was no longer probable.
Net Investment Hedges
The Company designates cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forward contracts as hedges of net investments in foreign operations. Changes in the fair value of these instruments, including the accrual and periodic cash settlement of interest on cross-currency swaps, are reported in the same manner as translation adjustments to the extent that they are effective. Changes in the value of the investment due to changes in spot rates are offset by fair value changes in the effective portion of the derivative instruments.
On September 21, 2017, in conjunction with the Scripps Networks acquisition (see Note 3 and Note 9), DCL issued £400 million principal amount of 2.500% senior notes due 2024. The Sterling Notes were designated as net investment hedges, hedging against fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on a portion of the Company's investments in foreign subsidiaries. Prior to issuance of the Sterling Notes, the Company also entered into a series of foreign exchange contracts designated as net investment hedges on a portion of the Company's investments in foreign subsidiaries. These foreign exchange contracts were settled on the date of issuance of the Sterling Notes and resulted in a $12 million loss, which has been reflected as a component of currency translation adjustments on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 .
Fair Value Hedges
The Company designates derivative instruments used to mitigate the risk of changes in the fair value of its AFS securities as fair value hedges. On November 12, 2015, the Company entered into the Lionsgate Collar, designed to mitigate the risk of market fluctuations with respect to 50% of the Lionsgate shares held by the Company. (See Note 4.) The collar, which qualifies for hedge accounting, settles in three tranches starting in 2019 and ending in 2022.
No Hedging Designation
The Company may also enter into derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting and are not designated as hedges. These instruments are intended to mitigate economic exposures due to exogenous events and changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.
During the three months ended September 30, 2017, in conjunction with the Scripps Networks acquisition (see Note 3 and Note 9), the Company entered into $4 billion notional amount of interest rate contracts used to economically hedge a portion of the pricing of the 2017 USD Notes. These interest rate contracts were settled on September 21, 2017 , and did not receive hedging designation. The Company recognized a $98 million loss in connection with these interest rate contracts, which has been reflected as a component of other (expense) income, net on the Company's consolidated statement of operations.
Financial Statement Presentation
The Company records all unsettled derivative contracts at their gross fair values on the consolidated balance sheets. (See Note 5.) The portion of the fair value that represents cash flows occurring within one year are classified as current, and the portion related to cash flows occurring beyond one year are classified as noncurrent.

110


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following table summarizes the impact of derivative financial instruments on the Company's consolidated balance sheets (in millions). There were no amounts eligible to be offset under master netting agreements as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 .
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
Other non-
current assets
 
Accrued liabilities
 
Other non-
current liabilities
 
Notional
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
Other non-
current assets
 
Accrued liabilities
 
Other non-
current liabilities
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange
$
817

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
12

 
$

 
$
677

 
$
31

 
$

 
$
18

 
$

Net investment hedges: (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
1,708

 

 
3

 
13

 
98

 
751

 

 
35

 
3

 
31

Foreign exchange

303

 
2

 

 
8

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
(Lionsgate collar)
97

 

 
13

 

 

 
97

 

 
25

 

 

No hedging designation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
25

 

 

 

 

 
25

 

 

 

 

Cross-currency swaps
64

 

 

 

 
6

 
64

 

 
1

 

 

Credit contracts
665

 

 

 

 
1

 

 

 

 

 

Total
 
 
$
9

 
$
16

 
$
33

 
$
105

 
 
 
$
31

 
$
61

 
$
21

 
$
31

 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Excludes £400 million of sterling notes ( $538 million equivalent at December 31, 2017 ) designated as a net investment hedge. (Note 9.)
The following table presents the pretax impact of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges on income and other comprehensive income (loss) (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
(Losses) gains recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange - derivative adjustments
 
$
(41
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
34

Interest rate swaps - derivative adjustments
 

 
40

 
(11
)
(Losses) gains reclassified into income from accumulated other comprehensive loss (effective portion):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange - distribution revenue
 
(22
)
 
(25
)
 
23

Foreign exchange - advertising revenue
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
2

Foreign exchange - costs of revenues
 

 
27

 
9

Foreign exchange - other (expense) income, net
 

 
3

 
4

Interest rate - interest expense
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Gains (losses) reclassified into income from accumulated other comprehensive loss (ineffective portion):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange - other (expense) income, net
 

 
1

 

Interest rate - other (expense) income, net
 
17

 

 
(11
)
Fair value excluded from effectiveness assessment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange - other (expense) income, net
 

 
(5
)
 


111


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


If current fair values of designated cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2017 remained static over the next twelve months, the Company would reclassify $6 million of net deferred losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income in the next twelve months.
The following table presents the pretax impact of derivatives designated as net investment hedges on other comprehensive income (loss) (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Currency translation adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cross-currency swaps - changes in fair value
 
$
(109
)
 
$
1

 
$

Cross-currency swaps - interest settlements
 
13

 
2

 

Foreign exchange - changes in fair value
 
(18
)
 

 

Sterling Notes - changes in foreign exchange rates
 
2

 

 

Total in other comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
(112
)
 
$
3

 
$

The following table presents the pretax impact of derivatives designated as fair value hedges on income, including offsetting changes in fair value of the hedged items and amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness (in millions). The Company recognized $1 million of ineffectiveness on fair value hedges for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 .
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Gains (losses) on changes in fair value of hedged AFS
 
$
18

 
$
(17
)
 
$
(2
)
(Losses) gains on changes in the intrinsic value of equity contracts
 
(17
)
 
16

 
2

Fair value of equity contracts excluded from effectiveness assessment
 
5

 
(6
)
 
10

Total in other (expense) income, net
 
$
6

 
$
(7
)
 
$
10

The following table presents the pretax (losses) gains on derivatives not designated as hedges and recognized in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of operations (in millions).         
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Interest rate swaps
 
$
(98
)
 
$

 
$

Cross-currency swaps
 
(6
)
 

 

Foreign exchange
 

 
(1
)
 
6

Credit contracts
 
(1
)
 

 

Total in other (expense) income, net
 
$
(105
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
6

NOTE 11. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Redeemable noncontrolling interests reflected as of the balance sheet date are the greater of the noncontrolling interest balances adjusted for comprehensive income items and distributions or the redemption values including any remeasurement necessary at the period end foreign exchange rates (i.e., the "floor"). Adjustments to the carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value as a result of changes in exchange rates are reflected in currency translation adjustments, a component of other comprehensive income (loss) ; however, such currency translation adjustments to redemption value are allocated to Discovery stockholders only. Redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustments of redemption value to the floor are reflected in retained earnings. Any adjustment of redemption value to the floor that reflects a redemption in excess of fair value is included as an adjustment to net (loss) income available to Discovery stockholders in the calculation of earnings per share. There were no current period adjustments to reflect a redemption in excess of fair value. (See Note 17.)

112


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The table below presents the reconciliation of changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests (in millions).  
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Beginning balance
 
$
243

 
$
241

 
$
747

Initial fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests of acquired businesses
 
137

 

 
60

Purchase of subsidiary shares at fair value
 

 

 
(551
)
Cash distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(30
)
 
(22
)
 
(42
)
Comprehensive (loss) income adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
24

 
23

 
13

Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
1

 

 
(23
)
Currency translation on redemption values
 

 
1

 
(36
)
Retained earnings adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments to redemption value
 
38

 

 
73

Ending balance
 
$
413

 
$
243

 
$
241

Redeemable noncontrolling interests consist of the arrangements described below:
On November 30, 2017, the Company acquired from Harpo a controlling interest in OWN, increasing Discovery’s ownership stake from 49.50% to 73.99% . Harpo has the right to require the Company to purchase its remaining non-controlling interest during 90-day windows beginning on July 1, 2018 and every two and half years thereafter through January 1, 2026. As OWN’s put right is outside the control of the Company, OWN’s noncontrolling interest is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest outside of permanent equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded $55 million for the value of the put right for OWN. (See Note 3.)
In connection with the joint venture created between Discovery and GoldenTree on September 25, 2017 , GoldenTree acquired a put right exercisable during 30 day windows beginning in March 2021, September 2022 and March 2024 that requires Discovery to either purchase all of GoldenTree's 32.5% interest in the joint venture at fair value or participate in an initial public offering for the joint venture. As the put right is outside of the Company's control, GoldenTree's 32.5% noncontrolling interest is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest outside of permanent equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded a redeemable noncontrolling interest of  $82 million and an adjustment to redemption value of $38 million  for the value of the put right for VTEN. (See Note 3.)
In connection with its non-controlling interest in Discovery Family, Hasbro has the right to put the entirety of its remaining 40% non-controlling interest to the Company for one year after December 31, 202 1, or in the event a Discovery performance obligation related to Discovery Family is not met. Embedded in the redeemable noncontrolling interest is also a Discovery call right that is exercisable for one year after December 31, 2021 . Upon the exercise of the put or call options, the price to be paid for the redeemable noncontrolling interest is a function of the then current fair market value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest, to which certain discounts and floor values may apply in specified situations depending upon the party exercising the put or call and the basis for the exercise of the put or call. As Hasbro's put right is outside the control of the Company, Hasbro's 40% noncontrolling interest is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest outside of permanent equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded $210 million for the value of the put right for Discovery Family.
In connection with its non-controlling interest in Discovery Japan, Jupiter Telecommunications Co., Ltd ("J:COM") has the right to put all, but not less than all, of its 20% noncontrolling interest to Discovery at any time for cash. As amended, through January 10, 2018, the redemption value is the January 10, 2013 , fair value denominated in Japanese yen; thereafter, as chosen by J:COM, the redemption value is the then-current fair value or the January 10, 2013 , fair value denominated in Japanese yen. The Company recorded $27 million for the value of the put right for Discovery Japan.
In connection with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Eurosport France on March 31, 2015 and Eurosport International on May 30, 2014 , the Company recognized $60 million and $ 558 million , respectively, for TF1's 49% redeemable noncontrolling interest in each entity. On July 22, 2015, TF1 exercised its right to put the entirety of its remaining 49% noncontrolling interest in both Eurosport France and Eurosport International to the Company for €491 million ( $551 million as of the date redemption became mandatory, and $548 million on October 1, 2015 when the transaction closed). The difference between the carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interest and its fair value at the date of exercise resulted in a €25 million ( $28 million ) adjustment to retained earnings, recognized as a component of redeemable noncontrolling interest adjustments to

113


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


redemption value on the consolidated statements of equity for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Upon acquisition of TF1's noncontrolling interest on October 1, 2015 , the Company adjusted the accumulated other comprehensive income balance of $61 million attributable to TF1 and allocated it to Discovery stockholders.
NOTE 12. EQUITY
Common Stock
The Company has three series of common stock authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 : Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock. Holders of these three series of common stock have equal rights, powers and privileges, except as otherwise noted. Holders of Series A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Series B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all matters voted on by stockholders, except for directors to be elected by holders of the Company’s Series A-1 convertible preferred stock. Holders of Series C common stock are not entitled to any voting rights, except as required by Delaware law. Generally, holders of Series A common stock and Series B common stock and Series A-1 convertible preferred stock vote as one class, except for certain preferential rights afforded to holders of Series A-1 convertible preferred stock.
Holders of Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock will participate equally in cash dividends if declared by the Board of Directors, subject to preferential rights of outstanding preferred stock.
Each share of Series B common stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into one share of Series A common stock. Series A and Series C common stock are not convertible.
Generally, distributions made in shares of Series A common stock, Series B common stock or Series C common stock will be made proportionally to all common stockholders. In the event of a reclassification, subdivision or combination of any series of common stock, the shares of the other series of common stock will be equally reclassified, subdivided or combined.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Discovery, after payment of Discovery’s debts and liabilities and subject to preferential rights of outstanding preferred stock, holders of Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock and holders of Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock will share equally in any assets available for distribution to holders of common stock.
On February 13, 2014 , John C. Malone, a member of Discovery’s Board of Directors, entered into an agreement granting David Zaslav, the Company’s President and CEO, certain voting and purchase rights with respect to the approximately 6 million shares of the Company’s Series B common stock owned by Mr. Malone. The agreement gives Mr. Zaslav the right to vote the Series B shares if Mr. Malone is not otherwise voting or directing the vote of those shares. The agreement also provides that if Mr. Malone proposes to sell the Series B shares, Mr. Zaslav will have the first right to negotiate for the purchase of the shares. If that negotiation is not successful and Mr. Malone proposes to sell the Series B shares to a third party, Mr. Zaslav will have the exclusive right to match that offer. The rights granted under the agreement will remain in effect for as long as Mr. Zaslav is either employed as the principal executive officer of the Company or serving on its Board of Directors.
Common Stock Repurchase Program
Under the Company's stock repurchase program, management was authorized to purchase shares of the Company's common stock from time to time through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions at prevailing prices, pursuant to one or more accelerated stock repurchase agreements, or other derivative arrangements as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, and subject to stock price, business and market conditions and other factors. The Company's authorization under the program expired on October 8, 2017 .
All common stock repurchases, including prepaid common stock repurchase contracts, during 2017 , 2016 and 2015 were made through open market transactions. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had repurchased over the life of the program 3 million and 164 million shares of Series A and Series C common stock, respectively, for the aggregate purchase price of $171 million and $6.6 billion , respectively.


114


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The table below presents a summary of common stock repurchases (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Series C Common Stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares repurchased
 
14.3
 
34.8
 
23.7
Purchase price (a)
 
$
381

 
$
895

 
$
698

 
 
 
 
 
(a) The purchase price for Series C common stock in 2016 includes repurchases made pursuant to a common stock repurchase contract that was executed on August 22, 2016 and settled on December 2, 2016 at a cost of $71 million , resulting in the receipt of 2.8 million shares of Series C common stock at the then current market price equal to $75 million . See below for additional details.
Convertible Preferred Stock and Preferred Stock Modification
The Company has two series of preferred stock authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 : Series A-1 convertible preferred stock and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock. There are 8 million shares authorized for Series A-1 convertible preferred stock and 6 million shares authorized for Series C-1 convertible preferred stock.
On August 7, 2017 , Discovery completed the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement with Advance/Newhouse. Under the Exchange Agreement, Discovery issued a number of shares of newly designated Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock (collectively, the "New Preferred Stock") to Advance/Newhouse in exchange for all outstanding shares of Discovery Series A and Series C convertible participating preferred stock (the "Exchange"). The terms of the Exchange Agreement resulted in Advance/Newhouse's aggregate voting and economic rights before the exchange being equal to its aggregate voting and economic rights after the exchange. Immediately following the Exchange, Advance/Newhouse’s beneficial ownership of the aggregate number of shares of Discovery’s Series A common stock and Series C common stock into which the New Preferred Stock received by Advance/Newhouse in the Exchange are convertible, remained unchanged. The terms of the exchange agreement also provide that certain of the shares of Discovery Series C-1 convertible preferred stock received by Advance/Newhouse in the Exchange (including the Discovery Series C common stock into which such shares are convertible) are subject to transfer restrictions on the terms set forth in the Exchange Agreement. While subject to transfer restrictions, such shares may be pledged in certain bona fide financing transactions, but may not be pledged in connection with hedging or similar transactions.
The following table summarizes the preferred shares issued at the time of the Exchange.
Pre-Exchange
 
Post-Exchange
Shares Held Prior to the Amendment
 
Converts into Common Stock
 
Shares Issued Subsequent to the Amendment
 
Converts into Common Stock
Series A Preferred Stock
70,673,242

 
Common A
70,673,242

 
Series A-1 Preferred Stock
7,852,582

 
Common A
70,673,242

 
Common C
70,673,242

 
Series C-1 Preferred Stock
3,649,573

 
Common C
70,673,242

Series C Preferred Stock
24,874,370

 
Common C
49,748,740

 
Series C-1 Preferred Stock
2,569,020

 
Common C
49,748,740

Prior to the Exchange the Series A preferred stock had a carrying value of $108 million as a class of securities and each share of Series A preferred stock was convertible into one share of Series A common stock and one share of Series C common stock (referred to as the “embedded Series C common stock”). Through its ownership of the Series A convertible preferred stock, Advance/Newhouse had the right to elect three directors (the “preferred directors”) and maintained special voting rights on certain matters, including but not limited to blocking rights for material acquisitions, the issuance of debt securities and the issuance of equity securities (collectively, the “preferred rights”). Additionally, Advance/Newhouse was subject to certain transfer restrictions with respect to its governance rights. Prior to the Exchange, the Series C convertible preferred stock was considered the economic equivalent of Series C common stock.
Following the Exchange, shares of Series A-1 preferred stock and Series C-1 preferred stock are convertible into Series A common stock and Series C common stock, respectively. The aforementioned preferred rights and transfer restrictions are retained as features of the Series A-1 convertible preferred stock, and holder of Series A-1 convertible preferred stock are now subject to a right of first offer in favor of Discovery should Advance/Newhouse desire to sell 80% or more of such shares in a “Permitted Transfer” (as defined in the Discovery charter). Following the Exchange, Series C-1 convertible preferred stock is considered the economic equivalent of Series C common stock and is subject to certain transfer restrictions.

115


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Discovery considers the Exchange of the Series A convertible preferred stock for Series A-1 convertible preferred stock and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock to be a modification to the conversion option of the Series A convertible preferred stock. Previously, conversion of Series A preferred stock required simultaneous conversion into Series A common stock and Series C common stock. The Exchange, however, allows for the independent conversion of the Series C-1 convertible preferred stock into Series C common stock without the conversion of Series A-1 convertible preferred stock. Advance/Newhouse’s aggregate voting, economic and preferred rights before the Exchange are equal to its aggregate voting, economic and preferred rights after the Exchange.
Discovery valued the securities immediately prior to and immediately after the Exchange and determined that the Exchange increased the fair value of Advance/Newhouse’s preferred stock by $35 million from $3.340 billion to $3.375 billion , or 1.05% , which was not considered significant in the context of the total value of the Company's preferred stock. On the basis of the qualitative and quantitative factors noted above, Discovery does not believe the Exchange is considered significant and does not reflect an extinguishment of the previously issued preferred stock for accounting purposes. Accordingly, Discovery has accounted for the exchange of the previously issued preferred stock as a modification, which is measured as the increase in fair value of the preferred stock held by Advance/Newhouse, or $35 million .
In connection with the Exchange Agreement, Advance/Newhouse also entered into the Advance/Newhouse Voting Agreement. The Advance/Newhouse Voting Agreement requires that Advance/Newhouse vote its shares of Discovery Series A-1 convertible preferred stock to approve the issuance of shares of Series C common stock in connection with the Scripps Networks acquisition as contemplated by the Merger Agreement. As the $35 million of incremental value was transferred to Advance/Newhouse in exchange for consent with respect to the Scripps Networks acquisition, the Company determined that the incremental amount should be expensed as acquisition transaction costs, which are reported as a component of selling, general and administrative expense.
As of December 31, 2017 , all outstanding shares of Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock are held by Advance/Newhouse. Consistent with the terms of the arrangement prior to the Exchange, holders of Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock have equal rights, powers and privileges, except as otherwise noted. Except for the election of common stock directors, the holders of Series A-1 convertible preferred stock are entitled to vote on matters to which holders of Series A and Series B common stock are entitled to vote, and holders of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock are entitled to vote on matters to which holders of Series C common stock are entitled to vote pursuant to Delaware law. Series A-1 convertible preferred stockholders vote on an as converted to common stock basis together with the Series A and Series B common stockholders as a single class on all matters except the election of directors.
Additionally, through its ownership of the Series A-1 convertible preferred stock, Advance/Newhouse has special voting rights on certain matters and the right to elect three directors. Holders of the Company’s common stock are not entitled to vote in the election of such directors. Advance/Newhouse retains these rights so long as it or its permitted transferees own or have the right to vote such shares that equal at least 80% of the shares of Series A-1 convertible preferred stock issued to Advance/Newhouse in connection with the formation of Discovery plus any Series A-1 convertible preferred stock released from escrow, as may be adjusted for certain capital transactions.
Subject to the prior preferences and other rights of any senior stock, holders of Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock will participate equally with common stockholders on an as converted to common stock basis in any cash dividends declared by the Board of Directors.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Discovery, after payment of Discovery’s debts and liabilities and subject to the prior payment with respect to any stock ranking senior to Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock, the holders of Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock will receive, before any payment or distribution is made to the holders of any common stock or other junior stock, an amount (in cash or property) equal to $0.01 per share. Following payment of such amount and the payment in full of all amounts owing to the holders of securities ranking senior to Discovery’s common stock, holders of Series A-1 and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock will share equally on an as converted to common stock basis with the holders of common stock with respect to any assets remaining for distribution to such holders.
Preferred Stock Conversion and Repurchase s
Series C convertible preferred stock held by Advance/Newhouse was, and the Series C-1 preferred stock held by Advance/Newhouse is, convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of Series C common stock. Prior to the Exchange, the Company had an agreement with Advance/Newhouse to repurchase, on a quarterly basis, a number of shares of Series C convertible preferred stock convertible into Series C common stock based on the number of shares of Series C common stock purchased under the Company’s stock repurchase program during the then most recently completed fiscal quarter. The price paid per share is calculated as 99% of the average price paid for the Series C common shares repurchased by the Company during the applicable fiscal quarter multiplied by the Series C conversion rate. The Advance/Newhouse repurchases are made outside of the Company’s publicly announced common stock repurchase program. The repurchase transactions are recorded as a decrease in par value of preferred stock and retained

116


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


earnings upon settlement as there is no remaining APIC for this class of stock and the shares are retired upon repurchase. The Advance/Newhouse repurchase agreement was amended on August 7, 2017 to conform the terms of the previous agreement, as detailed above, to the conversion ratio of the newly issued Series C-1 convertible preferred stock.
The preferred stock repurchase made during the third quarter of 2017 occurred after the Exchange and, as such, was a repurchase of the newly issued Series C-1 convertible preferred stock. The total price paid for the repurchase of $102 million was the planned amount subject to repurchase under the previous repurchase agreement with Advance/Newhouse, as determined and disclosed in the previous quarter. The number of shares repurchased reflect the post-exchange repurchase of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock and therefore differs from the previously disclosed planned repurchase of Series C convertible preferred shares. There were no additional repurchases of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock during the fourth quarter of 2017.
The table below presents a summary of Series C and Series C-1 convertible preferred stock repurchases made under the repurchase agreement (in millions).
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock:
 
 
 
Shares repurchased
2.3

 
9.1

Purchase price
$
120

 
$
479

Series C-1 Convertible Preferred Stock:
 
 
 
Shares repurchased
0.2

 

Purchase price
$
102

 
$

There are no planned repurchases of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock for the first quarter of 2018 as there were no repurchases of Series A or Series C common stock during the fourth quarter of 2017.
Stock Repurchases
As of December 31, 2017 , total shares repurchased, on a split-adjusted and as-converted basis, under these programs were 33% of the Company's common outstanding shares on a fully-diluted basis since the repurchase programs were authorized, including offsetting adjustments for the issuance of equity for share-based compensation. Total shares repurchased excluding the impact of stock compensation, on a split-adjusted and as-converted basis, under these programs represent 38% of the Company's outstanding shares from the time the repurchase programs were authorized.
Common Stock Repurchase Contract
On March 15, 2017 , the Company settled a December 15, 2016 common stock repurchase contract through the receipt of $58 million of cash. The Company had prepaid $57 million for the common stock repurchase contract in 2016 with the option to settle the contract in cash or Series C common stock in March 2017. The Company elected to receive a cash settlement inclusive of a $1 million premium, which is reflected as an adjustment to APIC.
On December 2, 2016 , the Company settled an August 22, 2016 common stock repurchase contract with a net notional value of $71 million whose strike price of $25.86 was below the Series C common stock price at expiry. The Company elected to settle the contract through receipt of 2.8 million shares of Series C common stock at the then current market price equal to $75 million . The receipt of shares is reflected as a component of treasury stock and reclassified from additional paid-in capital at the prepaid cost of  $71 million

117


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below presents the tax effects related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassifications made into the consolidated statements of operations (in millions).
 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
Year Ended December 31, 2015
 

Pretax
 
Tax
Benefit (Expense)
 

Net-of-tax
 

Pretax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 

Net-of-tax
 

Pretax
 
Tax Benefit (Expense)
 

Net-of-tax
Currency translation adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency
$
280

 
$
3

 
$
283

 
$
(234
)
 
$
41

 
$
(193
)
 
$
(249
)
 
$
19

 
$
(230
)
Net investment hedges
(112
)
 

 
(112
)
 
3

 
(1
)
 
2

 

 

 

Reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss (gain) on disposition
12

 

 
12

 

 

 

 
23

 

 
23

Other (expense) income, net

 

 

 

 

 

 
6

 

 
6

Total currency translation adjustments
180

 
3

 
183

 
(231
)
 
40

 
(191
)
 
(220
)
 
19

 
(201
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFS adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses)
36

 
(6
)
 
30

 
(34
)
 
6

 
(28
)
 
(33
)
 
6

 
(27
)
Reclassifications to other (expense) income, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other-than-temporary-impairment AFS securities

 

 

 
62

 
(10
)
 
52

 

 

 

Hedged portion of AFS securities
(18
)
 
3

 
(15
)
 
17

 
(3
)
 
14

 
2

 

 
2

Total AFS adjustments
18

 
(3
)
 
15

 
45

 
(7
)
 
38

 
(31
)
 
6

 
(25
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized (losses) gains
(41
)
 
15

 
(26
)
 
39

 
(14
)
 
25

 
23

 
(8
)
 
15

Reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribution revenue
22

 
(8
)
 
14

 
25

 
(7
)
 
18

 
(23
)
 
8

 
(15
)
Advertising revenue
3

 
(1
)
 
2

 
2

 

 
2

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Costs of revenues

 

 

 
(27
)
 
7

 
(20
)
 
(9
)
 
3

 
(6
)
Interest expense
1

 

 
1

 
3

 
(1
)
 
2

 
3

 
(1
)
 
2

Other (expense) income, net
(17
)
 
6

 
(11
)
 
(4
)
 
1

 
(3
)
 
7

 
(2
)
 
5

Total derivative adjustments
(32
)
 
12

 
(20
)
 
38

 
(14
)
 
24

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
$
166

 
$
12

 
$
178

 
$
(148
)
 
$
19

 
$
(129
)
 
$
(252
)
 
$
25

 
$
(227
)

118


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The table below presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (in millions).
 
 
Currency Translation Adjustments
 
AFS
 
Derivative
Adjustments
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
December 31, 2014
 
$
(367
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
1

 
$
(368
)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications
 
(230
)
 
(27
)
 
15

 
(242
)
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income
 
29

 
2

 
(16
)
 
15

Other comprehensive loss
 
(201
)
 
(25
)
 
(1
)
 
(227
)
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
(61
)
 

 

 
(61
)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
23

 

 

 
23

December 31, 2015
 
(606
)
 
(27
)
 

 
(633
)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications
 
(191
)
 
(28
)
 
25

 
(194
)
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income
 

 
66

 
(1
)
 
65

Other comprehensive (loss) income
 
(191
)
 
38

 
24

 
(129
)
December 31, 2016
 
(797
)
 
11

 
24

 
(762
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
171

 
30

 
(26
)
 
175

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss
 
12

 
(15
)
 
6

 
3

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
183

 
15

 
(20
)
 
178

Other comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(1
)
 

 

 
(1
)
December 31, 2017
 
$
(615
)
 
$
26

 
$
4

 
$
(585
)
NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company has various incentive plans under which stock options, RSUs, PRSUs and SARs have been issued. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company has reserved a total of 117 million shares of its Series A and Series C common stock for future exercises of outstanding and future grants of stock options and stock-settled SARs and future vesting of outstanding and future grants of PRSUs and RSUs. Upon exercise of stock options and stock-settled SARs or vesting of PRSUs and RSUs, the Company issues new shares from its existing authorized but unissued shares. There were 97 million shares of common stock in reserves that were available for future grant under the incentive plans as of December 31, 2017 .

119


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Shared-Based Compensation Expense
The table below presents the components of share-based compensation expense (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
RSUs
 
$
23

 
$
17

 
$
17

Stock options
 
12

 
13

 
17

PRSUs
 
6

 
34

 
16

SARs
 
(3
)
 
4

 
(14
)
ESPP
 
1

 
1

 
1

Unit awards
 

 

 
(2
)
Total share-based compensation expense
 
$
39

 
$
69

 
$
35

Tax benefit recognized
 
$
9

 
$
25

 
$
13

Compensation expense for all awards was recorded in selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. Liability-classified equity-based compensation awards include certain SARS and PRSUs. The Company recorded total liabilities for cash-settled and other liability-classified equity-based compensation awards of $47 million and $83 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The current portion of the liability for cash-settled awards was $12 million and $31 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.
Share-Based Award Activity
RSUs
The table below presents RSU activity (in millions, except years and weighted-average grant price).
 
 

RSUs
 
Weighted-Average
Grant
Price
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(years)
 
Aggregate
Fair
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016
 
2.6

 
$
30.03

 
 
 
 
Granted
 
1.6

 
$
28.81

 
 
 
 
Converted
 
(0.4
)
 
$
35.91

 
 
 
$
12

Forfeited
 
(0.4
)
 
$
29.61

 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017
 
3.4

 
$
28.78

 
2.6
 
$
77

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017
 
3.4

 
$
28.78

 
2.6
 
$
77

RSUs represent the contingent right to receive shares of the Company's Series A and C common stock, substantially all of which vest ratably each year over periods of one to four years based on continuous service. As of December 31, 2017 , there was $61 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years .

120


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Stock Options
The table below presents stock option activity (in millions, except years and weighted-average exercise price).
 
 
Stock Options
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016
 
13.7

 
$
26.05

 
 
 
 
Granted
 
2.6

 
$
28.74

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(2.5
)
 
$
17.54

 
 
 
$
26

Forfeited
 
(1.5
)
 
$
33.46

 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017
 
12.3

 
$
27.46

 
3.5
 
14

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017
 
12.3

 
$
27.46

 
3.5
 
14

Exercisable as of December 31, 2017
 
6.7

 
$
26.26

 
2.1
 
14

Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to or in excess of the closing market price of the Company’s Series A or Series C common stock on the date of grant. Substantially all stock options vest ratably over three to four years from the grant date based on continuous service and expire seven to ten years from the date of grant. Stock option awards generally provide for accelerated vesting upon retirement or after reaching a specified age and years of service. The Company received cash payments from the exercise of stock options totaling $42 million , $46 million and $16 million during 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. As of December 31, 2017 , there was $32 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of actual forfeitures, related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years .
The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options as of the date of grant during 2017 , 2016 and 2015 were as follows.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Risk-free interest rate
 
1.87
%
 
1.26
%
 
1.54
%
Expected term (years)
 
5.0

 
5.0

 
5.0

Expected volatility
 
27.52
%
 
28.74
%
 
26.78
%
Dividend yield
 

 

 

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during 2017 , 2016 and 2015 was $7.99 , $7.09 and $8.44 , respectively, per option. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2017 , 2016 and 2015 was $26 million , $42 million and $28 million , respectively.
PRSUs
The table below presents PRSU activity (in millions, except years and weighted-average grant price).
 
 
PRSUs 
 
Weighted-Average
Grant
Price
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(years)
 
Aggregate
Fair
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016
 
4.5

 
$
34.44

 
 
 
 
Granted
 
0.7

 
$
29.50

 
 
 
 
Converted
 
(1.7
)
 
$
34.62

 
 
 
$
49

Forfeited
 

 
$

 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017
 
3.5

 
$
33.41

 
0.9

 
76

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017
 
3.5

 
$
33.41

 
0.9

 
76

Convertible as of December 31, 2017
 
1.5

 
$
40.42

 

 
33


121


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The Company has granted PRSUs to certain senior level executives. PRSUs represent the contingent right to receive shares of the Company’s Series A and C common stock, substantially all of which vest over three to four years based on continuous service and whether the Company achieves certain operating performance targets. The performance targets for substantially all PRSUs are cumulative measures of the Company’s adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization (as defined in Note 21), free cash flows and revenues over a three year period. The number of PRSUs that vest principally range from 0% to 100% based on a sliding scale where achieving or exceeding the performance target will result in 100% of the PRSUs vesting and achieving less than 80% of the target will result in no portion of the PRSUs vesting. Additionally, for certain PRSUs the Company’s Compensation Committee has discretion in determining the final amount of units that vest, but may not increase the amount of any PRSU award above 100% . Upon vesting, each PRSU becomes convertible into one share of the Company’s Series A or Series C common stock as applicable. Holders of PRSUs do not receive payments of dividends in the event the Company pays a cash dividend until such PRSUs are converted into shares of the Company’s common stock.
The Company records compensation expense for PRSUs ratably over the graded vesting service period once it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. In any period in which the Company determines that achievement of the performance targets is not probable, the Company ceases recording compensation expense and all previously recognized compensation expense for the award is reversed.
Compensation expense is separately recorded for each vesting tranche of PRSUs for a particular grant. For certain PRSUs, the Company measures the fair value and related compensation cost based on the closing price of the Company’s Series A or C common stock on the grant date. For PRSUs for which the Company’s Compensation Committee has discretion in determining the final amount of units that vest or in situations where the executive is able to withhold taxes in excess of the minimum statutory requirement, compensation cost is remeasured at each reporting date based on the closing price of the Company’s Series A or Series C common stock.
As of December 31, 2017 , unrecognized compensation cost, net of forfeitures, related to PRSUs was $21 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years based on the Company’s current assessment of the PRSUs that will vest, which may differ from actual results.
SARs
The table below presents SAR award activity (in millions, except years and weighted-average grant price).
 
 
SARs
 
Weighted-
Average
Grant
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016
 
8.6

 
$
35.29

 
 
 
 
Granted
 
3.0

 
$
27.39

 
 
 
 
Settled
 
(0.6
)
 
$
25.72

 
 
 
$
1

Forfeited
 
(3.3
)
 
$
38.60

 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017
 
7.7

 
$
31.58

 
1.0
 
$

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017
 
7.7

 
$
31.58

 
1.0
 
$

SAR award grants include cash-settled SARs and stock-settled SARs. Cash-settled SARs entitle the holder to receive a cash payment for the amount by which the price of the Company’s Series A or Series C common stock exceeds the base price established on the grant date. Cash-settled SARs are granted with a base price equal to or greater than the closing market price of the Company’s Series A or Series C common stock on the date of grant. Stock-settled SARs entitle the holder to shares of Series A or Series C common stock in accordance with the award agreement terms.
The fair value of outstanding SARs is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of outstanding SARs were as follows.

122


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Risk-free interest rate
 
1.74
%
 
0.95
%
 
0.83
%
Expected term (years)
 
1.0

 
0.9

 
0.9

Expected volatility
 
31.37
%
 
29.46
%
 
31.59
%
Dividend yield
 

 

 

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the weighted-average fair value of SARs outstanding was $1.01 and $1.79 per award. The Company made cash payments of $1 million , $5 million and $11 million to settle exercised SARs during 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. As of December 31, 2017 , there was $4 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of actual forfeitures, related to SARs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.9 years .
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The ESPP enables eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions or other permitted means. Unless otherwise determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee, the purchase price for shares offered under the ESPP is 85% of the closing price of the Company’s Series A common stock on the purchase date. The Company recognizes the fair value of the discount associated with shares purchased in selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations. The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized 9 million shares of the Company’s common stock to be issued under the ESPP. During the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 the Company issued 179 thousand , 191 thousand and 208 thousand shares under the ESPP, respectively, and received cash totaling $4 million , $4 million and $5 million , respectively.
Unit Awards
Unit awards represented the contingent right to receive a cash payment for the amount by which the vesting price exceeded the grant price. Because unit awards were cash-settled, the Company remeasured the fair value and compensation expense of outstanding unit awards each reporting date until settlement. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company made cash payments of $14 million to settle all 1.2 million remaining unit awards, which had a weighted-average grant price of $20.59 .
NOTE 14. RETIREMENT SAVINGS PLANS
The Company has defined contribution and other savings plans for the benefit of its employees that meet eligibility requirements. Eligible employees may contribute a portion of their compensation to the plans, which may be subject to certain statutory limitations. For these plans, the Company also makes contributions including discretionary contributions, subject to plan provisions, which vest immediately. The Company made total contributions of $30 million , $29 million and $36 million during 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The Company's contributions were recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company’s savings plans include a deferred compensation plan through which members of the Company’s executive team in the U.S. may elect to defer up to 50% of their eligible compensation. The amounts deferred are invested in various mutual funds at the direction of the executive, which are used to finance payment of the deferred compensation obligation. Distributions from the deferred compensation plan are made upon termination or other events as specified in the plan. The Company has established a separate trust to hold the investments that finance the deferred compensation obligation. The accounts of the separate trust are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The investments are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and the deferred compensation obligation is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The values of the investments and deferred compensation obligation are recorded at fair value. Changes in the fair value of the investments are offset by changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation obligation. (See Note 5.)

123


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 15. RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES
Restructuring and other charges, by reportable segment were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. Networks
 
$
18

 
$
15

 
$
33

International Networks
 
42

 
26

 
14

Education and Other
 
3

 
3

 
2

Corporate
 
12

 
14

 
1

Total restructuring and other charges
 
$
75

 
$
58

 
$
50


 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Restructuring charges
 
$
68

 
$
55

 
$
29

Other charges
 
7

 
3

 
21

Total restructuring and other charges
 
$
75

 
$
58

 
$
50

Restructuring charges include management changes and cost reduction efforts, including employee terminations, intended to enable the Company to more efficiently operate in a leaner and more directed cost structure and invest in growth initiatives, including digital services and content creation. Other charges during 2015 result from content impairments primarily at the Company's U.S. Networks segment due to the cancellation of certain series as a result of legal circumstances pertaining to the associated talent. (See Note 6.)
Changes in restructuring and other liabilities by major category were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Contract
Terminations
 
Employee
Relocations/
Terminations
 
Total
December 31, 2014
 
$
4

 
$
15

 
$
19

Net accruals
 
3

 
26

 
29

Cash paid
 
(5
)
 
(20
)
 
(25
)
December 31, 2015
 
2

 
21

 
23

Net accruals
 
3

 
52

 
55

Cash paid
 
(2
)
 
(37
)
 
(39
)
December 31, 2016
 
3

 
36

 
39

Net accruals
 
3

 
65

 
68

Cash paid
 
(5
)
 
(59
)
 
(64
)
December 31, 2017
 
$
1

 
$
42

 
$
43

NOTE 16. INCOME TAXES
The domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Domestic
 
$
815

 
$
1,414

 
$
1,281

Foreign
 
(952
)
 
257

 
278

Income before income taxes
 
$
(137
)
 
$
1,671

 
$
1,559


124


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
$
177

 
$
384

 
$
306

State and local
 
45

 
(56
)
 
57

Foreign
 
153

 
152

 
146

 
 
375

 
480

 
509

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
(124
)
 
45

 
59

State and local
 
(7
)
 

 
(10
)
Foreign
 
(68
)
 
(72
)
 
(47
)
 
 
(199
)
 
(27
)
 
2

Income taxes
 
$
176

 
$
453

 
$
511


On December 22, 2017, new federal tax reform legislation was enacted in the United States, resulting in significant changes from previous tax law. The TCJA revised the U.S. corporate income tax by among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and reinstating bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property, for property placed in service before 2023, including qualified film. The TCJA also eliminated or significantly amended certain deductions (interest, domestic production activities deduction and executive compensation). The TCJA fundamentally changed taxation of multinational entities by moving from a system of worldwide taxation with deferral to a hybrid territorial system, featuring a participation exemption regime with current taxation of certain foreign income. Included in the international provisions was the enactment of a minimum tax on low-taxed foreign earnings, and new measures to deter base erosion and promote U.S. production. In addition, the TCJA imposed a mandatory repatriation toll tax on unremitted foreign earnings. Notwithstanding the U.S. taxation of these amounts, we intend to continue to invest most or all of these earnings, as well as our capital in these subsidiaries, indefinitely outside of the U.S. and do not expect to incur any significant, additional taxes related to such amounts.
To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements and the TCJA provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the TCJA enactment date. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the TCJA. Although not effective until January 1, 2018, the Company has calculated its best estimate of the TCJA impact in its year end income tax provision and as a result has recorded $44 million as an income tax benefit. Our federal income tax expense for periods beginning in 2018 will be based on the new rate. The mandatory repatriation toll charge resulted in a tax expense which was mostly offset by available foreign tax credits. We have recorded provisional amounts for several of the impacts of the new tax law including: the deemed repatriation tax on post-1986 accumulated earnings and profits, the deferred tax rate change effect of the new law, gross foreign tax credit carryforwards and related valuation allowances to offset foreign tax credit carryforwards. Certain items or estimates that result in impacts of the TCJA being provisional include: detailed foreign earnings calculations for the most recent period, projected foreign cash balances for certain foreign subsidiaries and finalized computations of foreign tax credit availability. In addition, our 2017 US federal income tax return will not be finalized until later in 2018, and while historically this process has resulted in offsetting changes in estimates in current and deferred taxes for items which are timing related, the reduction of the US tax rate will result in adjustments to our income tax provision when recorded. Finally, we consider it likely that further technical guidance regarding certain of the new provisions included in the TCJA, as well as clarity regarding state income tax conformity to current federal tax code, may be issued. We have reported provisional amounts for the income tax effects of the TCJA for which the accounting is incomplete but a reasonable estimate could be determined. Based on a continued analysis of the estimates and further guidance and interpretations on the application of the law, additional revisions may occur throughout the allowable measurement period.


125


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following table reconciles the Company's effective income tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35% .    
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
 
35
 %
 
35
 %
 
35
 %
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit
 
(18
)%
 
(2
)%
 
2
 %
Effect of foreign operations
 
25
 %
 
(1
)%
 
1
 %
Domestic production activity deductions
 
39
 %
 
(4
)%
 
(3
)%
Change in uncertain tax positions
 
(44
)%
 
 %
 
(1
)%
Preferred stock modification
 
(9
)%
 
 %
 
 %
Goodwill impairment
 
(334
)%
 
 %
 
 %
Renewable energy investments tax credits
 
142
 %
 
(1
)%
 
 %
Impact of Tax Reform Act
 
32
 %
 
 %
 
 %
Other, net
 
4
 %
 
 %
 
(1
)%
Effective income tax rate
 
(128
)%
 
27
 %
 
33
 %
Income tax expense was $176 million and $453 million and our effective tax rate was (128)% and 27% for 2017 and 2016 , respectively. During 2017, the decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the impact of a goodwill impairment charge that is non-deductible for tax purposes. Thereafter, the decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to investment tax credits that we receive related to our renewable energy investments, and to a lesser extent, the domestic production activity deduction benefit, the allocation and taxation of income among multiple foreign and domestic jurisdictions, and the impact of the TCJA. The benefits were partially offset by an increase in reserves for uncertain tax positions in 2017. In 2016, we favorably resolved multi-year state tax positions that resulted in a reduction of reserves related to uncertain tax positions that did not recur in 2017.
Components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in millions).
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Deferred income tax assets:
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
 
$
5

 
$
2

Tax attribute carry-forward
 
151

 
67

Accrued liabilities and other
 
190

 
174

Total deferred income tax assets
 
346

 
243

Valuation allowance
 
(105
)
 
(25
)
Net deferred income tax assets
 
241

 
218

Deferred income tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Intangible assets
 
(315
)
 
(384
)
Content rights
 
(82
)
 
(166
)
Equity method investments
 
(68
)
 
(76
)
Notes receivable
 
(3
)
 
(7
)
Other
 
(28
)
 
(32
)
Total deferred income tax liabilities
 
(496
)
 
(665
)
Net deferred income tax liabilities
 
$
(255
)
 
$
(447
)

126


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The Company’s net deferred income tax assets and liabilities were reported on the consolidated balance sheets as follows (in millions).
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Noncurrent deferred income tax assets (included within other noncurrent assets)

 
$
64

 
$
20

Deferred income tax liabilities (classified on the balance sheet)
 
(319
)
 
(467
)
Net deferred income tax liabilities
 
$
(255
)
 
$
(447
)
The Company’s loss carry-forwards were reported on the consolidated balance sheets as follows (in millions).
 
 
State
 
Foreign
Loss carry-forwards
 
$
176

 
$
1,109

Deferred tax asset related to loss carry-forwards
 
12

 
61

Valuation allowance against loss carry-forwards
 
(11
)
 
(17
)
Earliest expiration date of loss carry-forwards
 
2018

 
2018

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (without related interest and penalty amounts) is as follows (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Beginning balance
 
$
117

 
$
173

 
$
176

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
 
27

 
13

 
30

Additions for tax positions of prior years
 
57

 
19

 
17

Additions for tax positions acquired in business combinations
 

 

 
3

Reductions for tax positions of prior years
 

 
(60
)
 
(21
)
Settlements
 
(8
)
 
(16
)
 
(16
)
Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitations
 
(6
)
 
(9
)
 
(13
)
Changes due to foreign currency exchange rates
 
2

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Ending balance
 
$
189

 
$
117

 
$
173

The balances as of December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 included $189 million , $117 million and $173 million , respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would reduce the Company’s income tax expense and effective tax rate after giving effect to interest deductions and offsetting benefits from other tax jurisdictions. For the year ended December 31, 2017 , increases in unrecognized tax benefits related to the uncertainty of allocation and taxation of income among multiple jurisdictions was offset by the movements of tax positions as a result of multiple audit resolutions and lapse of statutes of limitations.
The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service recently completed audit procedures for its 2008 to 2011 tax years, the results of which should be finalized in the coming year. The Company is currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service for its 2012 to 2014 consolidated federal income tax returns. It is difficult to predict the final outcome or timing of resolution of any particular tax matter. Accordingly, an estimate of any related impact to the reserve for uncertain tax positions cannot currently be determined. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to audit by any jurisdiction for years prior to 2006. Adjustments that arose from the completion of audits for certain tax years have been included in the change in uncertain tax positions in the table above.
It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to certain of the Company's uncertain tax positions could decrease by as much as $53 million within the next twelve months as a result of ongoing audits, lapses of statutes of limitations or regulatory developments.
As of December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company had accrued approximately $21 million , $11 million and $20 million , respectively, of total interest and penalties payable related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

127


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 17. EARNINGS PER SHARE
In calculating earnings per share, the Company follows the two-class method, which distinguishes between the classes of securities based on the proportionate participation rights of each security type in the Company's undistributed (loss) income. The Company's Series A, B and C common stock and the Series C-1 convertible preferred stock are treated as one class for purposes of applying the two-class method, because they have substantially equal rights and share equally on an as converted basis with respect to (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement with Advance/Newhouse, Discovery issued newly designated shares of Series A-1 and Series C-1 preferred stock in exchange for all outstanding shares of Discovery's Series A and Series C convertible participating preferred stock (see Note 12). The Exchange is treated as a reverse stock split and the Company has recast historical basic and diluted earnings per share available to Series C-1 preferred stockholders (previously Series C preferred stockholders). Prior to the Exchange Agreement, Series C convertible preferred stock was convertible into Series C common stock at a conversion rate of 2.0 shares of Series C common stock for each shares of Series C convertible preferred stock. Following the Exchange, the Series C-1 preferred stock may be converted into Series C common stock at a conversion rate of 19.3648 shares of Series C common stock for each share of Series C-1 preferred stock. As such, the Company has retrospectively restated basic and diluted earnings per share information for Discovery's Series C-1 preferred stock for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . The Exchange did not impact historical basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's Series A, B and C common stockholders.    
The table below sets forth the computation for (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. stockholders (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
 
$
(313
)
 
$
1,218

 
$
1,048

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocation of undistributed income to Series A-1 convertible preferred stock
 
41

 
(139
)
 
(113
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(24
)
 
(23
)
 
(13
)
Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common and Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders for basic net income per share
 
$
(296
)
 
$
1,055

 
$
921

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocation of net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders and Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders for basic net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A, B and C common stockholders
 
(225
)
 
789

 
686

Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders
 
(71
)
 
266

 
235

Total
 
(296
)
 
1,055

 
921

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocation of undistributed income to Series A-1 convertible preferred stockholders
 
(41
)
 
139

 
113

Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders for diluted net (loss) income per share
 
$
(337
)
 
$
1,194

 
$
1,034

Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders for diluted net (loss) income per share is included in net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders for diluted net (loss) income per share. For the year ended December 31, 2017 net loss available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders for diluted loss per share was $71 million . For the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders for diluted earnings per share was $265 million and $234 million , respectively.

128


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The table below sets forth the weighted average number of shares outstanding utilized in determining the denominator for basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share (in millions).

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Denominator - weighted average:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A, B and C common shares outstanding — basic

 
384

 
401

 
432

Impact of assumed preferred stock conversion

 
192

 
206

 
219

Dilutive effect of share-based awards
 

 
3

 
5

Series A, B and C common shares outstanding — diluted

 
576

 
610

 
656

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series C-1 convertible preferred stock outstanding — basic and diluted

 
6

 
7

 
8

The weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding adjusts the weighted average number of shares of Series A, B and C common stock outstanding for the potential dilution that would occur if common stock equivalents, including convertible preferred stock and share-based awards, were converted into common stock or exercised, calculated using the treasury stock method. Series A, B and C diluted common stock includes the impact of the conversion of Series A-1 preferred stock, the impact of the conversion of Series C-1 preferred stock, and the impact of share-based compensation to the extent it is not anti-dilutive. For 2017 , the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the computation of diluted loss per share does not include 2 million of share-based awards, as the effects of these potentially outstanding shares would have been anti-dilutive. Prior to the Exchange, Series C convertible preferred stock was convertible into Series C common stock at a conversion rate of 2.0 shares of Series C common stock for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock. Following the exchange, the Series C-1 preferred stock may be converted into Series C common stock at a conversion rate of 19.3648 shares of Series C common stock for each shares of Series C-1 preferred stock.
The table below sets forth the Company's calculated (loss) earnings per share.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Basic net (loss) income per share available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common and Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Series A, B and C common stockholders
 
$
(0.59
)
 
$
1.97

 
$
1.59

     Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders
 
$
(11.33
)
 
$
38.07

 
$
30.74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net (loss) income per share available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common and Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Series A, B and C common stockholders
 
$
(0.59
)
 
$
1.96

 
$
1.58

     Series C-1 convertible preferred stockholders
 
$
(11.33
)
 
$
37.88

 
$
30.54

(Loss) earnings per share amounts may not recalculate due to rounding. The computation of the diluted (loss) earnings per share of Series A, B and C common stockholders assumes the conversion of Series A-1 and C-1 convertible preferred stock, while the diluted earnings per share amounts of Series C-1 convertible preferred stock does not assume conversion of those shares.
The table below presents the details of the anticipated stock repurchases and share-based awards and that were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) earnings per share (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Anti-dilutive share-based awards
 
19

 
8

 
6

PRSUs whose performance targets have not yet been achieved
 
2

 
4

 
3

Anti-dilutive common stock repurchase contracts
 

 
2

 


129


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Only outstanding PRSUs whose performance targets have been achieved as of the last day of the most recent period are included in the dilutive effect calculation.
NOTE 18. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Changes in valuation and qualifying accounts consisted of the following (in millions).
 
 
Beginning
of Year
 
Additions
 
Write-offs
 
Utilization
 
End
of Year
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
$
47

 
$
12

 
$
(4
)
 
$

 
$
55

Deferred tax valuation allowance
 
25

 
84

 
(4
)
 

 
105

2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
40

 
13

 
(6
)
 

 
47

Deferred tax valuation allowance
 
19

 
9

 
(3
)
 

 
25

2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
39

 
8

 
(7
)
 

 
40

Deferred tax valuation allowance
 
13

 
6

 

 

 
19

Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in millions).
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Accrued payroll and related benefits
$
535

 
$
486

Content rights payable
219

 
173

Accrued interest
148

 
67

Accrued income taxes
45

 
34

Current portion of share-based compensation liabilities
12

 
31

Other accrued liabilities
350

 
284

Total accrued liabilities
$
1,309

 
$
1,075

Other (Expense) Income, net
Other (expense) income, net , consisted of the following (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Foreign currency (losses) gains, net
 
$
(83
)
 
$
75

 
$
(103
)
(Losses) gains on derivative instruments, net
 
(82
)
 
(12
)
 
5

Remeasurement gain on previously held equity interest
 
33

 

 
2

Interest income (a)
 
21

 

 

Other-than-temporary impairment of AFS investments
 

 
(62
)
 

Other
 
1

 
3

 
(1
)
Total other (expense) income, net
 
$
(110
)
 
$
4

 
$
(97
)
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Interest income for 2017 is comprised of interest on proceeds from issuance of senior notes to fund the anticipated Scripps Networks acquisition. Of the $6.8 billion in senior notes issued, $2.7 billion were invested in money market funds, $1.3 billion were invested in time

130


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


deposit accounts, and the remainder was invested in highly liquid, short-term instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less. (See Note 4 and Note 9.)
Share-Based Plan Payments, net
Share-based plan payments, net in the statement of cash flows consisted of the following (in millions). (a)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Tax settlements associated with share-based plans
 
$
(30
)
 
$
(11
)
 
$
(27
)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with share-based plans
 
46

 
50

 
21

Total share-based plan payments, net
 
$
16

 
$
39

 
$
(6
)
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Share-based plan payments, net includes the retrospective reclassification of windfall tax benefits or deficiencies from financing activities to operating activities in the statement of cash flows presentation pursuant to the adoption of the new guidance on share-based payments on January 1, 2017 . There were $7 million and $12 million in net windfall tax adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, reclassified from financing activities to operating activities. (See Note 2.)
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Cash paid for taxes, net (a)
 
$
274

 
$
527

 
$
653

Cash paid for interest
 
357

 
343

 
312

Noncash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contributions of business and assets of strategic ventures
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of assets and liabilities of business received in exchange for redeemable noncontrolling interests (b)
 
144

 

 

     Fair value of investment received, net of cash paid
 

 
82

 

     Net asset value of contributed business
 

 
32

 

Contingent consideration obligations from business acquisitions
 

 

 
13

Accrued purchases of property and equipment
 
24

 
42

 
12

Contingent consideration receivable from business dispositions
 

 

 
6

Assets acquired under capital lease arrangements
 
103

 
37

 
5

 
 
 
 
 
(a) The decrease in cash paid for taxes, net, is mostly due to the tax benefits from the Company's investments in limited liability companies that sponsor renewable energy projects. (See Note 4.)
(b) Amount relates to the Company's VTEN joint venture. (See Note 3.) The joint venture was affected via DCL's contribution of the Velocity network to a newly formed entity, VTEN, which is a non-guarantor subsidiary of the Company and is reflected as a non-cash contribution in the condensed consolidating financial statements. (See Note 23.)
The table above does not include the November 30, 2017 acquisition of a controlling interest in OWN from Harpo. The Company increased its ownership stake from 49.50% to 73.99% . The table above does not include the March 31, 2015 acquisition of an additional 31% interest in Eurosport France. The Company increased its ownership stake from 20% to 51% . Upon consolidation a cash payment for a portion of these businesses resulted in inclusion of the fair value of all of the net assets and liabilities of OWN and Eurosport France in Discovery's consolidated financial statements. (See Note 3.)





131


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 19. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions with related parties. Related parties include entities that share common directorship, such as Liberty Global plc (“Liberty Global”), Liberty Broadband Corporation ("Liberty Broadband") and their subsidiaries and equity method investees (together the “Liberty Group”). Discovery’s Board of Directors includes Mr. Malone, who is Chairman of the Board of Liberty Global and beneficially owns approximately 26% of the aggregate voting power with respect to the election of directors of Liberty Global. Mr. Malone is also Chairman of the Board of Liberty Broadband and beneficially owns approximately 46% of the aggregate voting power with respect to the election of directors of Liberty Broadband. The majority of the revenue earned from the Liberty Group relates to multi-year network distribution arrangements. Related party transactions also include revenues and expenses for content and services provided to or acquired from equity method investees, such as All3Media and a Russian cable television business, or minority partners of consolidated subsidiaries, such as Hasbro. For the year ended December 31, 2017 , related party transaction costs include expenses associated with the Exchange Agreement executed with Advance/Newhouse. The table below presents a summary of the transactions with related parties, including OWN prior to the November 30, 2017 acquisition (in millions).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Revenues and service charges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liberty Group (a)
 
$
476

 
$
387

 
$
171

Equity method investees (b)
 
145

 
129

 
62

Other
 
46

 
32

 
35

Total revenues and service charges
 
$
667

 
$
548

 
$
268

Interest income (c)
 
$
13

 
$
17

 
$
23

Expenses
 
$
(178
)
 
$
(102
)
 
$
(67
)
 
 
 
 
 
(a) The increase for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflects the May 2016 acquisition of Time Warner Cable, Inc. by Charter Communications, an equity method investee of the Liberty Group and other changes in the Liberty Group's businesses.
(b) The increases to revenue from equity method investees for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 relate to the joint venture agreement with the New Russian Business which began in October 2015. (See Note 3.)
(c) The Company records interest earnings from loans to equity method investees as a component of income from equity method investees, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. (See Note 4.)
The table below presents receivables due from related parties (in millions).
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Receivables
 
$
105

 
$
109

Note receivable (a)
 

 
311

 
 
 
 
 
(a) The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflects the November 2017 acquisition of OWN by Discovery (See Note 3.) The receivable is recorded as a component of Discovery's consolidated financial statements.

132


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 20. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Contractual Commitments
As of December 31, 2017 , the Company’s significant contractual commitments, including related payments due by period, were as follows (in millions).
 
 
Leases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year Ending December 31,
 
Operating
 
Capital
 
Content
 
Other
 
Total
2018
 
$
61

 
$
48

 
$
1,075

 
$
332

 
$
1,516

2019
 
52

 
36

 
558

 
241

 
887

2020
 
36

 
33

 
750

 
175

 
994

2021
 
28

 
30

 
342

 
54

 
454

2022
 
17

 
23

 
350

 
29

 
419

Thereafter
 
36

 
95

 
771

 
89

 
991

Total minimum payments
 
230

 
265

 
3,846

 
920

 
5,261

Amounts representing interest
 

 
(40
)
 

 

 
(40
)
Total
 
$
230

 
$
225

 
$
3,846

 
$
920

 
$
5,221

The Company enters into multi-year lease arrangements for transponders, office space, studio facilities, and other equipment. Leases are not cancelable prior to their expiration. On January 9, 2018, we issued a press release announcing a new real estate strategy with plans to relocate the Company's global headquarters from Silver Spring, Maryland to New York City in 2019. As of December 31, 2017, we did not meet the held for sale classification criteria, as defined in GAAP as it is uncertain that the sale of the Silver Spring property will be completed within the next twelve months.
Content purchase commitments are associated with third-party producers and sports associations for content that airs on the television networks. Production contracts generally require the purchase of a specified number of episodes with payments over the term of the license. Production contracts include both programs that have been delivered and are available for airing and programs that have not yet been produced or sporting events that have not yet taken place. If the content is ultimately never produced, the Company's commitments expire without obligation. The commitments disclosed above exclude content liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheet.
Other purchase obligations include agreements with certain vendors and suppliers for the purchase of goods and services whereby the underlying agreements are enforceable, legally binding and specify all significant terms. Significant purchase obligations include transmission services, television rating services, marketing research, employment contracts, equipment purchases, and information technology services. Some of these contracts do not require the purchase of fixed or minimum quantities and generally may be terminated with a 30-day to 60-day advance notice without penalty, and are not included in the table above past the 30-day to 60-day advance notice period. Amounts related to employment contracts include base compensation, but do not include compensation contingent on future events.
Although the Company had funding commitments to equity method investees as of December 31, 2017 , the Company may also provide uncommitted additional funding to its equity method investments in the future. (See Note 4.)
Contingencies
Put Rights
The Company has granted put rights related to certain consolidated subsidiaries. Harpo, Golden Tree, Hasbro and J:COM have the right to require the Company to purchase their remaining noncontrolling interests in OWN, VTEN, Discovery Family and Discovery Japan, respectively. The Company recorded the value of the put rights for OWN, VTEN, Discovery Family and Discovery Japan as a component of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the amounts of $55 million , $120 million , $210 million and $27 million , respectively. (See Note 11.)
Legal Matters
The Company is party to various lawsuits and claims in the ordinary course of business. However, a determination as to the amount of the accrual required for such contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty and the impact of the final resolution of these matters on the Company's results of operations in a particular subsequent reporting period is not known, management does not believe that the

133


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, future results of operations or liquidity.
On September 20, 2017 , a putative class action lawsuit captioned Inzlicht-Sprei v. Scripps Networks Interactive, et al. (Case No. 3:17-cv-00420), which we refer to as the “Inzlicht-Sprei action”, was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. A putative class action lawsuit captioned Berg v. Scripps Networks Interactive, et al. (Case No. 2:17-cv-848), which we refer to as the “Berg action”, and a lawsuit captioned Wagner v. Scripps Networks Interactive, et al. (Case No. 2:17-cv-859), which we refer to as the “Wagner action”, were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio on September 27, 2017 and September 29, 2017 , respectively. We refer to the Inzlicht-Sprei action, Berg action and Wagner action collectively as the “actions”. The actions alleged that the defendants filed a materially incomplete and misleading Form S-4 in violation of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 14a-9. On October 12, 2017 , the plaintiff in the Inzlicht-Sprei action filed a notice of voluntary dismissal without prejudice. On November 21, 2017 , the plaintiffs in both the Berg action and the Wagner action filed notices of voluntary dismissal.
Guarantees
There were no guarantees recorded as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 .
The Company may provide or receive indemnities intended to allocate business transaction risks. Similarly, the Company may remain contingently liable for certain obligations of a divested business in the event that a third party does not fulfill its obligations under an indemnification obligation. The Company records a liability for its indemnification obligations and other contingent liabilities when probable and estimable. There were no material amounts for indemnifications or other contingencies recorded as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 .
NOTE 21. REPORTABLE SEGMENTS
The Company’s operating segments are determined based on (i) financial information reviewed by its chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), (ii) internal management and related reporting structure, and (iii) the basis upon which the CEO makes resource allocation decisions.
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Company’s, except that certain inter-segment transactions that are eliminated for consolidation are not eliminated at the segment level. Inter-segment transactions primarily include the purchase of advertising and content between segments.
The Company evaluates the operating performance of its segments based on financial measures such as revenues and adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted OIBDA”). Adjusted OIBDA is defined as operating income excluding: (i) mark-to-market share-based compensation, (ii) depreciation and amortization, (iii) restructuring and other charges, (iv) certain impairment charges, (v) gains and losses on business and asset dispositions, and (vi) certain inter-segment eliminations related to production studios. In addition, beginning with the quarter ended September 30, 2017, Adjusted OIBDA also excludes incremental third party transaction costs directly related to the Scripps Networks acquisition and planned integration. The Company uses this measure to assess the operating results and performance of its segments, perform analytical comparisons, identify strategies to improve performance and allocate resources to each segment. The Company believes Adjusted OIBDA is relevant to investors because it allows them to analyze the operating performance of each segment using the same metric management uses. The Company excludes mark-to-market share-based compensation, restructuring and other charges, certain impairment charges, gains and losses on business and asset dispositions and Scripps Networks transaction and integration costs from the calculation of Adjusted OIBDA due to their impact on comparability between periods. The Company also excludes depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangible assets, as these amounts do not represent cash payments in the current reporting period. Certain corporate expenses are excluded from segment results to enable executive management to evaluate segment performance based upon the decisions of segment executives. As of January 1, 2017, the Company no longer excludes amortization of deferred launch incentives in calculating total Adjusted OIBDA as it is not material. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, deferred launch incentives of $3 million , $13 million and $16 million , respectively, were not reflected as an adjustment to the calculation of total Adjusted OIBDA in order to conform to the current presentation. Total Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, but not a substitute for, operating income, net (loss) income and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. The tables below present summarized financial information for each of the Company’s reportable segments, other operating segments and corporate and inter-segment eliminations (in millions).

134


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Revenues
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. Networks
 
$
3,434

 
$
3,285

 
$
3,131

International Networks
 
3,281

 
3,040

 
3,092

Education and Other
 
158

 
174

 
173

Corporate and inter-segment eliminations
 

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Total revenues
 
$
6,873

 
$
6,497

 
$
6,394

Adjusted OIBDA
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. Networks
 
$
2,026

 
$
1,922

 
$
1,774

International Networks
 
859

 
835

 
945

Education and Other
 
6

 
(10
)
 
(2
)
Corporate and inter-segment eliminations
 
(360
)
 
(334
)
 
(335
)
Total Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,531

 
$
2,413

 
$
2,382

Reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income available to Discovery Communications, Inc. to total Adjusted OIBDA
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Net (loss) income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
(337
)
 
$
1,194

 
$
1,034

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
24

 
23

 
13

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 
1

 
1

Income tax expense
 
176

 
453

 
511

(Loss) income before income taxes
 
(137
)
 
1,671

 
1,559

Other expense (income), net
 
110

 
(4
)
 
97

Loss (income) from equity investees, net
 
211

 
38

 
(1
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
54

 

 

Interest expense
 
475

 
353

 
330

Operating income
 
713

 
2,058

 
1,985

Loss (gain) on disposition
 
4

 
(63
)
 
17

Restructuring and other charges
 
75

 
58

 
50

Depreciation and amortization
 
330

 
322

 
330

Impairment of goodwill
 
1,327

 

 

Mark-to-market equity-based compensation
 
3

 
38

 

Scripps Networks transaction and integration costs
 
79

 

 

Total Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
2,531

 
$
2,413

 
$
2,382


135


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Total Assets
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
U.S. Networks
 
$
4,127

 
$
3,412

International Networks
 
5,187

 
4,922

Education and Other
 
394

 
399

Corporate and inter-segment eliminations
 
12,847

 
6,939

Total assets
 
$
22,555

 
$
15,672

Total assets for corporate and inter-segment eliminations include goodwill that is allocated to the Company's segments to account for goodwill. The presentation of segment assets in the table above is consistent with the financial reports that are reviewed by the Company's CEO. The goodwill allocated from corporate assets to U.S. Networks and International Networks to account for goodwill is included in the goodwill balances disclosed in Note 8.
Content Amortization and Impairment Expense
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
U.S. Networks
 
$
776

 
$
756

 
$
771

International Networks
 
1,126

 
1,008

 
931

Education and Other
 
8

 
9

 
7

Total content amortization and impairment expense
 
$
1,910

 
$
1,773

 
$
1,709

Content amortization and impairment expenses are generally included in costs of revenues on the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 6).
Revenues by Geography
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
U.S.
 
$
3,560

 
$
3,411

 
$
3,261

Non-U.S.
 
3,313

 
3,086

 
3,133

Total revenues
 
$
6,873

 
$
6,497

 
$
6,394

Distribution and advertising revenues are attributed to each country based on viewer location. Other revenues are attributed to each country based on customer location.
Property and Equipment by Geography
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
U.S.
 
$
309

 
$
258

U.K.
 
173

 
107

Other
 
115

 
117

Total property and equipment, net
 
$
597

 
$
482

Property and equipment balances are allocated to each country based on the location of the asset.

136


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 22. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
 
 
2017 (a, b, c,)
 
 
1st quarter
 
2nd quarter
 
3rd quarter
 
4th quarter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
1,613

 
$
1,745

 
$
1,651

 
$
1,864

Operating income (loss)
 
487

 
630

 
433

 
(837
)
Net income (loss)
 
221

 
380

 
223

 
(1,137
)
Net income (loss) available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
215

 
374

 
218

 
(1,144
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.37

 
$
0.65

 
$
0.38

 
$
(1.99
)
Diluted (e)
 
$
0.37

 
$
0.64

 
$
0.38

 
$
(1.99
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016 (d)
 
 
1st quarter
 
2nd quarter
 
3rd quarter
 
4th quarter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
1,561

 
$
1,708

 
$
1,556

 
$
1,672

Operating income
 
489

 
586

 
458

 
525

Net income
 
269

 
415

 
225

 
309

Net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
263

 
408

 
219

 
304

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share available to Discovery Communications, Inc. Series A, B and C common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.42

 
$
0.66

 
$
0.37

 
$
0.52

Diluted
 
$
0.42

 
$
0.66

 
$
0.36

 
$
0.52

 
 
 
 
 
(a) Goodwill impairment expense of $1.3 billion was recognized during the fourth quarter of 2017. (See Note 8.)
(b) On September 25, 2017 , the Company acquired a 67.5% controlling interest in VTEN, a new joint venture with GoldenTree, in exchange for its contribution of the Velocity network. On  November 30, 2017 , the Company acquired a controlling interest in OWN from Harpo, increasing Discovery’s ownership stake from 49.50% to 73.99% . Discovery paid $70 million in cash and recognized a gain of $33 million  to account for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the previously held  49.50%  equity interest. On April 28, 2017 , the Company sold Raw and Betty to All3Media and recorded a loss of $4 million upon disposition. (See Note 3.) As of December 31, 2017 , the Company has incurred transaction and integration costs for the Scripps Networks acquisition of $79 million , including the $35 million charge associated with the modification of Advance/Newhouse's preferred stock. (See Note 12.)
(c ) In March 2017, DCL completed a cash tender offer for $600 million aggregate principal amount of DCL's 5.05% senior notes due 2020 and 5.625% senior notes due 2019 . This transaction resulted in a pretax loss on extinguishment of debt of  $54 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , which is presented as a separate line item on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and recognized as a component of financing cash outflows on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The loss included $50 million for premiums to par value, $2 million of non-cash write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs, $1 million for the write-off of the original issue discount of these senior notes and $1 million accrued for other third-party fees. (See Note 10.)
(d) On September 30, 2016, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of $62 million related to its investment in Lionsgate. On December 2, 2016, the Company acquired a 39% minority interest in Group Nine Media, a newly formed media holding company, in exchange for contributions of $100 million and the Company's digital businesses Seeker and SourceFed, resulting in a gain of $50 million upon deconsolidation of the businesses. (See Note 3.)
(e) Amounts may not sum to annual total due to rounding.


137


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 23. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Overview
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , all of the outstanding senior notes have been issued by DCL, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Discovery Communications Holding LLC (“DCH”), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to one or more Registration Statements on Form S-3 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). (See Note 9.) The Company fully and unconditionally guarantees the senior notes on an unsecured basis. Each of the Company, DCH, and/or DCL (collectively the “Issuers”) may issue additional debt securities under the Company's current Registration Statement on Form S-3 that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the other Issuers.
Set forth below are condensed consolidating financial statements presenting the financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income and cash flows of (i) the Company, (ii) DCH, (iii) DCL, (iv) the non-guarantor subsidiaries of DCL on a combined basis, (v) the other non-guarantor subsidiaries of the Company on a combined basis, and (vi) reclassifications and eliminations necessary to arrive at the consolidated financial statement balances for the Company. DCL and the non-guarantor subsidiaries of DCL are the primary operating subsidiaries of the Company. DCL primarily includes the Discovery Channel and TLC networks in the U.S. The non-guarantor subsidiaries of DCL include substantially all of the Company’s other U.S. and international networks, education businesses, and most of the Company’s websites and digital distribution arrangements. The non-guarantor subsidiaries of DCL are wholly-owned subsidiaries of DCL with the exception of certain equity method investments. DCL is a wholly-owned subsidiary of DCH. The Company wholly owns DCH through a 33 1/3% direct ownership interest and a 66 2/3% indirect ownership interest through Discovery Holding Company (“DHC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. DHC is included in the other non-guarantor subsidiaries of the Company.
On September 25, 2017 , the Company acquired a 67.5% controlling interest in VTEN, a new joint venture with GoldenTree, in exchange for its contribution of the Velocity network. The VTEN non-cash transaction and all related financial activity is included within the non-guarantor subsidiaries of DCL. (See Note 3.) The Company's 2016 minority investment in Group Nine Media and all related financial activity is included within the DCL issuer entity in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. (See Note 4.)
Basis of Presentation
Solely for purposes of presenting the condensed consolidating financial statements, investments in the Company’s subsidiaries have been accounted for by their respective parent company using the equity method. Accordingly, in the following condensed consolidating financial statements the equity method has been applied to (i) the Company’s interests in DCH and the other non-guarantor subsidiaries of the Company, (ii) DCH’s interest in DCL, and (iii) DCL’s interests in the non-guarantor subsidiaries of DCL. Inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated to arrive at the consolidated financial statement amounts for the Company. The Company’s accounting bases in all subsidiaries, including goodwill and recognized intangible assets, have been pushed down to the applicable subsidiaries.
The operations of certain of the Company’s international subsidiaries are excluded from the Company’s consolidated U.S. income tax return. Tax expense related to permanent differences has been allocated to the entity that created the difference. Tax expense related to temporary differences has been allocated to the entity that created the difference, where identifiable. The remaining temporary differences are allocated to each entity included in the Company’s consolidated U.S. income tax return based on each entity’s relative pretax income. Deferred taxes have been allocated based upon the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of the respective assets and liabilities of the applicable entities.
The condensed consolidating financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

138


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2017
(in millions)
 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$

 
$

 
$
6,800

 
$
509

 
$

 
$

 
$
7,309

Receivables, net
 

 

 
410

 
1,428

 

 

 
1,838

Content rights, net
 

 

 
4

 
406

 

 

 
410

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
49

 
32

 
204

 
149

 

 

 
434

Inter-company trade receivables, net
 

 

 
205

 

 

 
(205
)
 

Total current assets
 
49

 
32

 
7,623

 
2,492

 

 
(205
)
 
9,991

Investment in and advances to subsidiaries
 
4,563

 
4,532

 
6,951

 

 
3,056

 
(19,102
)
 

Noncurrent content rights, net
 

 

 
672

 
1,541

 

 

 
2,213

Goodwill, net
 

 

 
3,677

 
3,396

 

 

 
7,073

Intangible assets, net
 

 

 
259

 
1,511

 

 

 
1,770

Equity method investments
 

 

 
25

 
310

 

 

 
335

Other noncurrent assets, including property and equipment, net
 

 
20

 
364

 
809

 

 
(20
)
 
1,173

Total assets
 
$
4,612

 
$
4,584

 
$
19,571

 
$
10,059

 
$
3,056

 
$
(19,327
)
 
$
22,555

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of debt
 
$

 
$

 
$
7

 
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$
30

Other current liabilities
 

 

 
572

 
1,269

 

 

 
1,841

Inter-company trade payables, net
 

 

 

 
205

 

 
(205
)
 

Total current liabilities
 

 

 
579

 
1,497

 

 
(205
)
 
1,871

Noncurrent portion of debt
 

 

 
14,163

 
592

 

 

 
14,755

Other noncurrent liabilities
 
2

 

 
297

 
606

 
21

 
(20
)
 
906

Total liabilities
 
2

 

 
15,039

 
2,695

 
21

 
(225
)
 
17,532

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 
413

 

 

 
413

Total equity
 
4,610

 
4,584

 
4,532

 
6,951

 
3,035

 
(19,102
)
 
4,610

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
4,612

 
$
4,584

 
$
19,571

 
$
10,059

 
$
3,056

 
$
(19,327
)
 
$
22,555


139


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
 
 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$

 
$

 
$
20

 
$
280

 
$

 
$

 
$
300

Receivables, net
 

 

 
421

 
1,074

 

 

 
1,495

Content rights, net
 

 

 
8

 
302

 

 

 
310

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
62

 
36

 
180

 
119

 

 

 
397

Inter-company trade receivables, net
 

 

 
195

 

 

 
(195
)
 

Total current assets
 
62

 
36

 
824

 
1,775

 

 
(195
)
 
2,502

Investment in and advances to subsidiaries
 
5,106

 
5,070

 
7,450

 

 
3,417

 
(21,043
)
 

Noncurrent content rights, net
 

 

 
663

 
1,426

 

 

 
2,089

Goodwill, net
 

 

 
3,769

 
4,271

 

 

 
8,040

Intangible assets, net
 

 

 
272

 
1,240

 

 

 
1,512

Equity method investments, including note receivable
 

 

 
30

 
527

 

 

 
557

Other noncurrent assets, including property and equipment, net
 

 
20

 
306

 
666

 

 
(20
)
 
972

Total assets
 
$
5,168

 
$
5,126

 
$
13,314

 
$
9,905

 
$
3,417

 
$
(21,258
)
 
$
15,672

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Current portion of debt
 
$

 
$

 
$
52

 
$
30

 
$

 
$

 
$
82

Other current liabilities
 

 

 
516

 
963

 

 

 
1,479

Inter-company trade payables, net
 

 

 

 
195

 

 
(195
)
 

Total current liabilities
 

 

 
568

 
1,188

 

 
(195
)
 
1,561

Noncurrent portion of debt
 

 

 
7,315

 
526

 

 

 
7,841

Other noncurrent liabilities
 
1

 

 
361

 
498

 
20

 
(20
)
 
860

Total liabilities
 
1

 

 
8,244

 
2,212

 
20

 
(215
)
 
10,262

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 
243

 

 

 
243

Total equity
 
5,167

 
5,126

 
5,070

 
7,450

 
3,397

 
(21,043
)
 
5,167

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
5,168

 
$
5,126

 
$
13,314

 
$
9,905

 
$
3,417

 
$
(21,258
)
 
$
15,672


140


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
(in millions)
 
 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Revenues
 
$

 
$

 
$
1,988

 
$
4,897

 
$

 
$
(12
)
 
$
6,873

Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 

 

 
467

 
2,191

 

 
(2
)
 
2,656

Selling, general and administrative
 
53

 

 
309

 
1,416

 

 
(10
)
 
1,768

Impairment of goodwill
 

 

 

 
1,327

 

 

 
1,327

Depreciation and amortization
 

 

 
42

 
288

 

 

 
330

Restructuring and other charges
 

 

 
35

 
40

 

 

 
75

Loss on disposition
 

 

 

 
4

 

 

 
4

Total costs and expenses
 
53

 

 
853

 
5,266

 

 
(12
)
 
6,160

Operating (loss) income
 
(53
)
 

 
1,135

 
(369
)
 

 

 
713

Equity in loss of subsidiaries
 
(288
)
 
(288
)
 
(541
)
 

 
(192
)
 
1,309

 

Interest expense
 

 

 
(448
)
 
(27
)
 

 

 
(475
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 

 

 
(54
)
 

 

 


(54
)
Loss from equity investees, net
 

 

 
(3
)
 
(208
)
 

 

 
(211
)
Other (expense) income, net
 

 

 
(204
)
 
94

 

 

 
(110
)
Loss before income taxes
 
(341
)
 
(288
)
 
(115
)
 
(510
)
 
(192
)
 
1,309

 
(137
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
4

 

 
(173
)
 
(7
)
 

 

 
(176
)
Net loss
 
(337
)
 
(288
)
 
(288
)
 
(517
)
 
(192
)
 
1,309

 
(313
)
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(24
)
 
(24
)
Net loss available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
(337
)
 
$
(288
)
 
$
(288
)
 
$
(517
)
 
$
(192
)
 
$
1,285

 
$
(337
)


141


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
(in millions)
 
 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Revenues
 
$

 
$

 
$
1,963

 
$
4,547

 
$

 
$
(13
)
 
$
6,497

Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 

 

 
466

 
1,970

 

 
(4
)
 
2,432

Selling, general and administrative
 
14

 

 
292

 
1,393

 

 
(9
)
 
1,690

Depreciation and amortization
 

 

 
41

 
281

 

 

 
322

Restructuring and other charges
 

 

 
28

 
30

 

 

 
58

Gain on disposition
 

 

 
(50
)
 
(13
)
 

 

 
(63
)
Total costs and expenses
 
14

 

 
777

 
3,661

 

 
(13
)
 
4,439

Operating (loss) income
 
(14
)
 

 
1,186

 
886

 

 

 
2,058

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
 
1,203

 
1,203

 
602

 

 
802

 
(3,810
)
 

Interest expense
 

 

 
(332
)
 
(21
)
 

 

 
(353
)
Loss from equity investees, net
 

 

 
(3
)
 
(35
)
 

 

 
(38
)
Other income (expense), net
 

 

 
40

 
(36
)
 

 

 
4

Income before income taxes
 
1,189

 
1,203

 
1,493

 
794

 
802

 
(3,810
)
 
1,671

Income tax benefit (expense)
 
5

 

 
(290
)
 
(168
)
 

 

 
(453
)
Net income
 
1,194

 
1,203

 
1,203

 
626

 
802

 
(3,810
)
 
1,218

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(23
)
 
(23
)
Net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
1,194

 
$
1,203

 
$
1,203

 
$
626

 
$
802

 
$
(3,834
)
 
$
1,194


142


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
(in millions)
 
 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Revenues
 
$

 
$

 
$
1,909

 
$
4,498

 
$

 
$
(13
)
 
$
6,394

Costs of revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization
 

 

 
500

 
1,847

 

 
(4
)
 
2,343

Selling, general and administrative
 
15

 

 
265

 
1,398

 

 
(9
)
 
1,669

Depreciation and amortization
 

 

 
35

 
295

 

 

 
330

Restructuring and other charges
 

 

 
28

 
22

 

 

 
50

Loss on disposition
 

 

 

 
17

 

 

 
17

Total costs and expenses
 
15

 

 
828

 
3,579

 

 
(13
)
 
4,409

Operating (loss) income
 
(15
)
 

 
1,081

 
919

 

 

 
1,985

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
 
1,044

 
1,044

 
505

 

 
696

 
(3,289
)
 

Interest expense
 

 

 
(318
)
 
(12
)
 

 

 
(330
)
Income (loss) from equity investees, net
 

 

 
4

 
(3
)
 

 

 
1

Other income (expense), net
 

 

 
9

 
(106
)
 

 

 
(97
)
Income before income taxes
 
1,029

 
1,044

 
1,281

 
798

 
696

 
(3,289
)
 
1,559

Income tax benefit (expense)
 
5

 

 
(237
)
 
(279
)
 

 

 
(511
)
Net income
 
1,034

 
1,044

 
1,044

 
519

 
696

 
(3,289
)
 
1,048

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(13
)
 
(13
)
Net income available to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
1,034

 
$
1,044

 
$
1,044

 
$
519

 
$
696

 
$
(3,303
)
 
$
1,034



143


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
For the Year Ended to December 31, 2017
(in millions)  

 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Net loss
 
$
(337
)
 
$
(288
)
 
$
(288
)
 
$
(517
)
 
$
(192
)
 
$
1,309

 
$
(313
)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation
 
183

 
183

 
183

 
186

 
122

 
(674
)
 
183

Available-for-sale securities
 
15

 
15

 
15

 
15

 
10

 
(55
)
 
15

Derivatives
 
(20
)
 
(20
)
 
(20
)
 
(9
)
 
(13
)
 
62

 
(20
)
Comprehensive loss
 
(159
)
 
(110
)
 
(110
)
 
(325
)
 
(73
)
 
642

 
(135
)
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(20
)
 
(25
)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
(160
)
 
$
(111
)
 
$
(111
)
 
$
(326
)
 
$
(74
)
 
$
622

 
$
(160
)



144


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended to December 31, 2016
(in millions)

 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Net income
 
$
1,194

 
$
1,203

 
$
1,203

 
$
626

 
$
802

 
$
(3,810
)
 
$
1,218

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation
 
(191
)
 
(191
)
 
(191
)
 
(190
)
 
(127
)
 
699

 
(191
)
Available-for-sale securities
 
38

 
38

 
38

 
38

 
25

 
(139
)
 
38

Derivatives
 
24

 
24

 
24

 
22

 
16

 
(86
)
 
24

Comprehensive income
 
1,065

 
1,074

 
1,074

 
496

 
716

 
(3,336
)
 
1,089

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(23
)
 
(23
)
 
(23
)
 
(23
)
 
(15
)
 
84

 
(23
)
Comprehensive income attributable to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
1,042

 
$
1,051

 
$
1,051

 
$
473

 
$
701

 
$
(3,253
)
 
$
1,065



145


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended to December 31, 2015
(in millions)

 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Net income
 
$
1,034

 
$
1,044

 
$
1,044

 
$
519

 
$
696

 
$
(3,289
)
 
$
1,048

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation
 
(201
)
 
(201
)
 
(201
)
 
(199
)
 
(134
)
 
735

 
(201
)
Available-for-sale securities
 
(25
)
 
(25
)
 
(25
)
 
(25
)
 
(17
)
 
92

 
(25
)
Derivatives
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
6

 
(1
)
Comprehensive income
 
807

 
817

 
817

 
292

 
544

 
(2,456
)
 
821

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
23

 
23

 
23

 
23

 
15

 
(97
)
 
10

Comprehensive income attributable to Discovery Communications, Inc.
 
$
830

 
$
840

 
$
840

 
$
315

 
$
559

 
$
(2,554
)
 
$
830



146


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
(in millions)

 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities
 
$
(3
)
 
$
3

 
$
476

 
$
1,153

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,629

Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payments for investments
 

 

 
(45
)
 
(399
)
 

 

 
(444
)
Purchases of property and equipment
 

 

 
(43
)
 
(92
)
 

 

 
(135
)
Distributions from equity method investees
 

 

 

 
77

 

 

 
77

Proceeds from dispositions, net of cash disposed
 

 

 

 
29

 

 

 
29

Payments for derivative instruments, net
 

 

 
(111
)
 
10

 

 

 
(101
)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 

 

 

 
(60
)
 

 

 
(60
)
Inter-company distributions
 

 

 
42

 

 

 
(42
)
 

Other investing activities, net
 

 

 
(1
)
 
2

 

 

 
1

Cash used in investing activities
 

 

 
(158
)
 
(433
)
 

 
(42
)
 
(633
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper repayments, net
 

 

 
(48
)
 

 

 

 
(48
)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
 

 

 
350

 

 

 

 
350

Principal repayments of revolving credit facility
 

 

 
(475
)
 

 

 

 
(475
)
Borrowings from debt, net of discount and including premiums

 

 

 
7,488

 

 

 

 
7,488

Principal repayments of debt, including discount payment and premiums to par value

 

 

 
(650
)
 

 

 

 
(650
)
Payments for bridge financing commitment fees
 

 

 
(40
)
 

 

 

 
(40
)
Principal repayments of capital lease obligations
 

 

 
(7
)
 
(26
)
 

 

 
(33
)
Repurchases of stock
 
(603
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(603
)
Cash settlement of common stock repurchase contracts
 
58

 

 

 

 

 

 
58

Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 
(30
)
 

 

 
(30
)
Share-based plan proceeds, net
 
16

 

 

 

 

 

 
16

Inter-company distributions
 

 

 

 
(42
)
 

 
42

 

Inter-company contributions and other financing activities, net
 
532

 
(3
)
 
(156
)
 
(455
)
 

 

 
(82
)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
3

 
(3
)
 
6,462

 
(553
)
 

 
42

 
5,951

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 

 

 

 
62

 

 

 
62

Net change in cash and cash equivalents
 

 

 
6,780

 
229

 

 

 
7,009

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 

 

 
20

 
280

 

 

 
300

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$

 
$

 
$
6,800

 
$
509

 
$

 
$

 
$
7,309


147


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
(in millions)

 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities
 
$
(20
)
 
$
(9
)
 
$
249

 
$
1,160

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,380

Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payments for investments
 

 

 
(124
)
 
(148
)
 

 

 
(272
)
Purchases of property and equipment
 

 

 
(18
)
 
(70
)
 

 

 
(88
)
Proceeds from dispositions, net of cash disposed
 

 

 

 
19

 

 

 
19

Distributions from equity method investees
 

 

 

 
87

 

 

 
87

Inter-company distributions
 

 

 
30

 

 

 
(30
)
 

Other investing activities, net

 

 

 

 
(2
)
 

 

 
(2
)
Cash used in investing activities
 

 

 
(112
)
 
(114
)
 

 
(30
)
 
(256
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper repayments, net

 

 

 
(45
)
 

 

 

 
(45
)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
 

 

 
350

 
263

 

 

 
613

Principal repayments of revolving credit facility
 

 

 
(225
)
 
(610
)
 

 

 
(835
)
Borrowings from debt, net of discount and including premiums

 

 

 
498

 

 

 

 
498

Principal repayments of capital lease obligations
 

 

 
(5
)
 
(23
)
 

 

 
(28
)
Repurchases of stock
 
(1,374
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,374
)
Prepayments of common stock repurchase contracts
 
(57
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(57
)
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 
(22
)
 

 

 
(22
)
Share-based plan proceeds, net

 
39

 

 

 

 

 

 
39

Hedge of borrowings from debt instruments
 

 

 
40

 

 

 

 
40

Inter-company distributions
 

 

 

 
(30
)
 

 
30

 

Inter-company contributions and other financing activities, net
 
1,412

 
9

 
(733
)
 
(701
)
 

 

 
(13
)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
20

 
9

 
(120
)
 
(1,123
)
 

 
30

 
(1,184
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 

 

 

 
(30
)
 

 

 
(30
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
 

 

 
17

 
(107
)
 

 

 
(90
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 

 

 
3

 
387

 

 

 
390

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$

 
$

 
$
20

 
$
280

 
$

 
$

 
$
300


148


DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
(in millions)
 
 
Discovery
 
DCH
 
DCL
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries of
DCL
 
Other Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries of Discovery
 
Reclassifications 
and
Eliminations
 
Discovery and
Subsidiaries
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities
 
$
(122
)
 
$
(15
)
 
$
427

 
$
1,004

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,294

Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payments for investments
 

 

 
(10
)
 
(262
)
 

 

 
(272
)
Purchases of property and equipment
 

 

 
(17
)
 
(86
)
 

 

 
(103
)
Distributions from equity method investees
 

 

 

 
87

 

 

 
87

Proceeds from disposition, net of cash disposed
 

 

 

 
61

 

 

 
61

Payments for derivative instruments, net
 

 

 
(11
)
 
2

 

 

 
(9
)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 

 

 

 
(80
)
 

 

 
(80
)
Inter-company distributions
 

 

 
37

 

 

 
(37
)
 

Other investing activities, net
 

 

 

 
15

 

 

 
15

Cash used in investing activities
 

 

 
(1
)
 
(263
)
 

 
(37
)
 
(301
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper repayments, net

 

 

 
(136
)
 

 

 

 
(136
)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
 

 

 

 
1,016

 

 

 
1,016

Principal repayments of revolving credit facility
 

 

 
(13
)
 
(252
)
 

 

 
(265
)
Borrowings from debt, net of discount and including premiums
 

 

 
936

 

 

 

 
936

Principal repayments of debt, including discount payment and premiums to par value


 

 

 
(854
)
 

 

 

 
(854
)
Principal repayments of capital leases obligations
 

 

 
(5
)
 
(22
)
 

 

 
(27
)
Repurchases of stock
 
(951
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(951
)
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 
(548
)
 

 

 
(548
)
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

 
(42
)
 

 

 
(42
)
Share-based plan payments, net

 
(6
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(6
)
Hedge of borrowings from debt distributions
 

 

 
(29
)
 

 

 

 
(29
)
Inter-company distributions
 

 

 

 
(37
)
 

 
37

 

Inter-company contributions and other financing activities, net
 
1,079

 
15

 
(330
)
 
(777
)
 

 

 
(13
)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
122

 
15

 
(431
)
 
(662
)
 

 
37

 
(919
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 

 

 

 
(51
)
 

 

 
(51
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
 

 

 
(5
)
 
28

 

 

 
23

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 

 

 
8

 
359

 

 

 
367

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$

 
$

 
$
3

 
$
387

 
$

 
$

 
$
390



149




ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2017 . The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2017 , our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting is set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting is set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended December 31, 2017 , there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. Other Information.
None.


150




PART III
Certain information required in Item 10 through Item 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“ 2018 Proxy Statement”), which shall be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act within 120 days of our fiscal year end.
ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Information regarding our directors, compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, and our Audit Committee, including committee members and its financial expert, will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the captions “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and “Corporate Governance – Committees of the Board of Directors – Audit Committee,” respectively, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding our executive officers is set forth in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Executive Officers of Discovery Communications, Inc.” as permitted by General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that is applicable to all of our directors, officers and employees. Our Board of Directors approved the Code in September 2008 and reviews it regularly. A copy of the Code and any amendments or waivers that would be required to be disclosed under applicable SEC rules are available free of charge at the investor relations section of our website, www.discoverycommunications.com. In addition, we will provide a printed copy of the Code, free of charge, upon written request to: Investor Relations, Discovery Communications, Inc., 850 Third Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10022-7225.
ITEM 11. Executive Compensation.
Information regarding executive compensation will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Executive Compensation,” which are incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding compensation policies and practices as they relate to our risk management, director compensation, and compensation committee interlocks and insider participation will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the captions “Risk Considerations in our Compensation Programs,” “Board Compensation,” and “Corporate Governance – Committees of the Board of Directors – Compensation Committee,” respectively, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding compensation committee reports will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the captions “Report of the Compensation Committee” and “Report of the Equity Compensation Subcommittee of the Compensation Committee,” which are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the caption “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the captions “Security Ownership Information of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management of Discovery – Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners of Discovery” and “Security Ownership Information of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management of Discovery – Security Ownership of Discovery Management,” which are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” “Policy Governing Related Person Transactions,” and “Corporate Governance – Director Independence,” respectively, which are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
Information regarding principal accountant fees and services will be set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the captions “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Description of Fees” and “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” which are incorporated herein by reference.

151





PART IV

ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1. The following consolidated financial statements of Discovery Communications, Inc. are filed as part of Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
 
 
 
Page
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
2. All financial statement schedules required to be filed pursuant to Item 8 and Item 15(c) of Form 10-K have been omitted as the required information is not applicable, not material, or is set forth in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
3. The following exhibits are filed or furnished as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Item 601 of SEC Regulation S-K and Item 15(b) of Form 10-K:  


ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary

Not Applicable.


152

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

2.1
 
 
 
 
3.1
  
 
 
3.2
  
 
 
3.3
 
 
 
 
3.4
 
 
 
 
4.1
  
 
 
4.2
  
 
 
4.3
  
 
 
4.4
  
 
 
4.5
 
 
 
 
4.6
  
 
 
4.7
  
 
 
4.8
 
 
 
 
4.9
  
 
 

153

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

4.10
  
 
 
4.11
  
4.12

  
 
 
4.13

 

 
 
 
4.14

 

 
 
 
4.15

 
 
 
 
4.16

 

 
 
 
4.17

 
 
 
 
4.18

 
 
 
 
4.19

 
 
 
 
4.20

 
 
 
 
4.21

 
 
 
 
4.22

 

154

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

 
 
 
4.23

 
 
 
 
4.24

 
 
 
 
4.25

 
 
 
 
10.1

  
 
 
10.2

  
 
 
 
10.3

 
 
 
 
10.4

 
 
 
10.5

  
 
 
10.6

  
 
 
10.7

  
 
 
10.8

 

 
 
 
10.9

  

 
 
10.10

  


 
 
10.11

  

 
 

155

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

10.12

  

 
 
10.13

  


 
 
10.14

  

10.15

  

 
 
10.16

  

 
 
10.17

  



 
 
10.18

  

 
 
10.19

  

 
 
10.20

  

 
 
10.21

  

 
 
10.22

  

 
 
10.23

  

 
 
10.24

  

 
 
10.25

  

 
 
10.26

  

 
 

156

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

10.27

  

 
 
10.28

  

 
 
10.29

  

 
 
10.30

  

 
 
10.31

 
 
 
 
10.32

 
 
 
 
10.33

 
 
 
 
10.34

 
 
 
 
10.35

 
 
 
 
10.36

 
 
 
 
10.37

 
 
 
 
10.38

 
 
 
 
10.39

 
 
 
 
10.40

 

 
 
 
10.41

 

 
 
 

157

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

10.42

 


 
 
 
10.43

 


 
 
 
10.44

 


 
 
 
10.45

 

 
 
 
10.46

 


 
 
 
10.47

 


 
 
 
10.48

 

 
 
 
10.49

 

 
 
 
10.50

 
 
 
 
10.51

 
 
 
 
10.52

 
 
 
 
10.53

 
 
 
 
10.54

 
 
 
 

158

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

10.55

 
 
 
 
10.56

 

 
 
 
10.57

 
 
 
 
10.58

 

 
 
 
10.59

 

 
 
 
10.60

 
 
 
 
10.61

 
 
 
 
10.62

 
 
 
 
10.63

 
 
 
 
12

  
 
 
 
14

 

 
 
21

  
23

  
 
 
31.1

  
 
 
31.2

  
 
 
32.1

  
 
 
32.2

  

159

EXHIBITS INDEX
Exhibit No.     Description

101.INS
  
XBRL Instance Document†
 
 
101.SCH
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document†
 
 
101.CAL
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document†
 
 
101.DEF
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document†
 
 
101.LAB
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document†
 
 
101.PRE
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document†

* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
†Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 , (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 , (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 , (v) Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 , and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


160




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Date: February 28, 2018
 
By:
 
/s/ David M. Zaslav
 
 
 
 
David M. Zaslav
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer





Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Signature
  
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
/s/ David M. Zaslav
  
President and Chief Executive Officer, and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
February 28, 2018
David M. Zaslav
  
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Gunnar Wiedenfels
  
Senior Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
 
February 28, 2018
Gunnar Wiedenfels
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Kurt T. Wehner
  
Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
February 28, 2018
Kurt T. Wehner
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ S. Decker Anstrom
 
Director
 
February 28, 2018
S. Decker Anstrom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Robert R. Beck
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
Robert R. Beck
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Robert R. Bennett
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
Robert R. Bennett
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Paul A. Gould
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
Paul A. Gould
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ John C. Malone
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
John C. Malone
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Robert J. Miron
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
Robert J. Miron
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Steven A. Miron
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
Steven A. Miron
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Daniel Sanchez
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
Daniel Sanchez
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Susan M. Swain
 
Director
 
February 28, 2018
Susan M. Swain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ J. David Wargo
  
Director
 
February 28, 2018
J. David Wargo
  
 
 
 

Exhibit 10.1





A20171231EXHIBIT101IMAGE1A01.JPG






U.S. Executive Relocation Policy
Tier C
(Bands 0-3)

Relocation Policy Tier C            Effective April 2017
Published April 2017


Table of Contents
Introduction
4

Eligibility
5

Summary of Relocation Benefits
6

Expense Reimbursement
8

                Reimbursable Expenses
8

                Relocation Agreement
8

                Confidentiality
9

                Interpretation and Changes in Relocation Policy
9

                Exceptions
9

Tracking Your Move on Lexicon’s Transferee Web Portal
10

Relocation Benefits – Example
11

Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA) = Core Benefit
12

Selling Your Current Home = Core Benefit
13

                Buyer Value Option Home Sale Program
13

                Properties Not Eligible for Home Sale Program
13

                Selection of an Agent
14

                Marketing Strategy
15

                Listing Your Home
15

                Home Marketing Assistance and Marketing Updates
15

                Property Condition Inspections
15

                Title Search
15

                Receiving an Offer from an Outside Buyer
16

                Closing the Sale with Lexicon
16

                Non-covered Closing Expenses
16

Home Owner Rental Option = Core Benefit
17

Destination Assistance = Core Benefit
18

                For the Renter
18

                 For the Homeowner
18

House Hunting Trip = Flexible Benefit
19

                Eligibility
19

                Travel Arrangements
19

Homeowner Destination Inspection Program = Flexible Benefit
20

                Service Provides
20

New Home Mortgage = Core Benefit
21

                Preferred Lender
21

                Advantages
21

                Contact Information
21

                Closing Cost Reimbursement
21

New Home Purchase Costs = Core Benefit
22

                Eligibility
22

                Tax Assistance
22

Renter’s Assistance = Core Benefit
24

                 Lease Termination
24


Relocation Policy Tier C 2    Effective April 2017


                 Finder's Fees
24

Moving Your Household Goods = Core Benefit
26

                 Shipment
26

                 Items Not Eligible to be Transported
26

                 Handling Oversized Items
27

                 Valuation Coverage
27

Other Household Moving Benefits = Flexible Benefit
27

                 Vehicles
27

                  Storage
27

                 Pets
27

Temporary Living = Flexible Benefit
28

                Covered Expenses
28

                Excluded Expenses
28

Duplicate Mortgage Interest = Flexible Benefit
28

                Reimbursed Expenses
28

                Tax Assistance
28

Spousal Career Assistance = Flexible Benefit
29

Final Move Trip = Flexible Benefit
30

                Final Move Defined
30

                Air Travel
30

                Personal Automobile Travel
30

Discretionary Benefit
30

Reduction in Force/Workforce Restructuring
31

Tax Considerations
32

                Tax Assistance
32

                Definitions
32

                Excludable Expenses
32

                Payments Not Eligible for Tax Assistance
33

                Record Keeping
33

Tax Summary
34

Addendum 1 - Relocation Agreement
35



Relocation Policy Tier C 3    Effective April 2017


Introduction

Congratulations

Congratulations on your upcoming relocation with Discovery. This is an exciting and challenging time for you as you prepare for your move. We are here to make this process as stress-free as possible!
Relocation Policy
Discovery wants your transition to be as smooth as possible. Therefore, we have prepared this guide book to assist you with your move. This policy describes your benefits under the Discovery Communications Relocation policy.
Issues
Throughout your relocation, there are numerous personal, legal and tax matters to be considered. Making well-informed decisions requires a thorough understanding of Discovery’s relocation policy and your role in the process . Please take the time to read this policy carefully as you are responsible for understanding and adhering to policy guidelines.
Lexicon Relocation
Discovery has partnered with Lexicon Relocation (Lexicon) to assist you in coordinating all aspects of your relocation. Upon receiving your completed relocation authorization form by Discovery, Lexicon will assign a dedicated Relocation Counselor who will be your primary point of contact throughout your move. Your Relocation Counselor will navigate you through the relocation process and answer any questions. Your Relocation Counselor will also outline the information you need to provide Lexicon so that your needs can be responded to quickly and appropriately.
If you are a homeowner, do not contact a real estate firm to list your home or to purchase a new home prior to talking with your Lexicon Relocation Counselor.
Planning

We encourage you to become fully involved in your move and to work closely with the professionals who have been made available to you. The more actively that you participate and provide information, the more effectively your Relocation Counselor and others can serve you. Planning your move with a clear understanding of the policy will also help to avoid unpleasant surprises. The most successful moves are those that are well planned.

Best wishes for a successful relocation!


Relocation Policy Tier C 4    Effective April 2017


Eligibility

Purpose


Eligibility
This policy is designed to offset most of the major expenses associated with your relocation so you may devote your full energies to a smooth and productive transition to your new job.

You are eligible for assistance described in this policy, if:
a)      You are a current, full-time employee, or offered full-time employment by Discovery in Job Bands 0, 1, 2 and 3.
b)      You are requested to relocate by Discovery and approved by Discovery as eligible to receive these benefits.
c)      You must complete your relocation within two years from your hire date or transfer date.
d)      You must return a signed Relocation Agreement within 30 days of your date of hire or transfer date.
e)      You are a current, full-time employee, or a new hire, and
f)      You and your immediate family member(s) (e.g., spouse/partner and children or legal dependents residing with you) are requested to relocate by Discovery and are designated as eligible to receive these benefits
If you are receiving any relocation benefits through a third party such as your previous employer or via your spouse/partner, you are required to disclose this information to Discovery. Discovery, at its sole discretion, may offset or withdraw any or all benefits for your relocation.
Eligible Family Members

For relocation you may be eligible to be reimbursed for qualifying expenses of any eligible family member who accompanies you.
Eligible Family Member  – for purposes of accompanying you, eligible family includes your:
•     current spouse (including a common law spouse according to applicable law) or domestic partner;
•     any child age eighteen or under who is in your legal custody or the custody of your accompanying spouse or domestic partner and who depends upon you for financial support;
•     any unmarried son or daughter up to age twenty-five who is a registered full-time student working toward a degree.
Distance
Your relocation must result in a change of your primary residence within the United States and must meet the IRS 50-mile distance requirement. Relocation benefits will be paid if the distance between your former residence and your new work site is at least 50 miles greater than the distance between your former residence and your former work site.


This policy is not an employment offer or employment contract or a guaranty of continued employment. The company’s decisions regarding the application and interpretation of the relocation policy are final. Discovery also reserves the right to change or cancel all or any part of these benefits at any time.



Relocation Policy Tier C 5    Effective April 2017


Summary of Relocation Benefits

Core Benefits
Maximum Allowable = 60% of annual salary not to exceed $150,000
Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA)
Payment equal to one (1) month’s salary up to a maximum $15,000 less taxes. Payment cannot be advanced greater than 30 days prior to your start date and will be made within 60 days from your date of arrival.
Home Owner Sale Option
You must contact Lexicon Relocation before listing your property with a real estate agent. Home Sale Assistance includes Home Marketing Assistance and Buyer Value Option Home Sale Program.
Home Owner Rental Option
If you decide to rent your home instead of selling through the Home Sale option above, you will be eligible for reimbursement of reasonable and customary management fees associated with renting your home until your benefit expiration date. You must elect this option within 6 months from your date of hire or transfer date and once elected you forfeit the home sale option. This option only applies for homeowners.
Destination Services
Contact your Lexicon Relocation Counselor before contacting a real estate agent.
Home Purchase Closing Costs
Company reimburses reasonable and customary home purchase expenses.
If you use one of the national preferred mortgage lenders, your qualified closing costs can be direct billed to Lexicon. Your Lexicon consultant will place you in contact with the 3 preferred lenders so that you can obtain the most favorable rate.
Renter’s Assistance
Maximum of two (2) months’ rent for any combination of lease cancellation, penalty charge, or forfeiture of lease. In addition, broker’s commission for finding a rental in NYC is reimbursed up to 15% of the annual rent (in the surrounding NYC metro area, broker’s commission is capped at 1 month rent).
Household Goods
Normal shipment of family household goods moved via van line arranged by Lexicon
Flexible Benefits
Maximum Allowable = 20% of annual salary not to exceed $50,000
Vehicle Shipment(s)
Below 500 miles, see mileage reimbursement – no shipping. Greater than 500 miles shipment by Lexicon approved car carrier, maximum of 2 vehicles.
House Hunting Trip(s)
Up to two (2) trips of 5 days each for Employee, Spouse/partner and Children to include: Economy class flight, or mileage if driving, meal per diem, lodging and childcare provisions, if necessary. Air travel must follow business travel guidelines.
Household Goods Storage
Short term storage of household goods during company sponsored temporary living period.
Temporary Living
Temporary living expenses for fully furnished corporate apartment at origin and destination are limited to a total of 6 months combined. Your Lexicon consultant will arrange for an approved corporate vendor. Discovery cannot reimburse for personal leases.

Pre-departure temporary accommodations are limited to a maximum of 30 days.
Duplicate Housing
Duplicate mortgage interest expense for up to a maximum of six (6) months
Final Move
Reasonable and actual en route expenses reimbursed including transportation, mileage, lodging and meals, airfare if move distance greater than 300 miles.
Spousal Career Assistance
Up to $5,000 in spousal employment search assistance arranged by Lexicon through Discovery partner Lee Hecht Harrison.

Relocation Policy Tier C 6    Effective April 2017



Discretionary Benefit
Maximum Allowable = 20% of annual salary not to exceed $50,000
 
Once you have exhausted your Core or Flex benefits you may be entitled to use your discretionary benefit to supplement Flex or Core benefits. Eligibility for this benefit is in the sole discretion of the company and based on extenuating circumstances. Your Lexicon consultant will assist with the approval process. You may not use the Discretionary Benefit to increase your Core MEA Payment.
Maximum Reimbursements
1x Annual Salary up to $250,000
 
Discovery’s relocation program is not designed to cover all of your relocation costs; you may have some out-of-pocket expenses. Your reimbursement is limited to one times your annual salary, up to $250,000, excluding tax assistance . All expenses reimbursed will be in accordance with the relocation policy. Your relocation benefits end 24 months from your date of hire or transfer date.

Relocation Policy Tier C 7    Effective April 2017


Expense Reimbursement

Reimbursable Expenses
You may be reimbursed for reasonable, necessary and properly authorized expenses covered by this program. You are expected to manage expenses at a conservative level and to be familiar with which expenses are reimbursable and which are not. The Company, at its discretion, may choose not to reimburse, in full or in part, an expense that is deemed unreasonable or excessive. All expenses, unless otherwise specified, must be in accordance with Discovery’s Policies. Receipts are required for all reimbursable expenses. Expenses must be submitted within 60 days from the date the expense was incurred.
Credit card statements cannot be used in lieu of original receipts.
Steps To Follow For Reimbursement
After your Relocation Counselor contacts you to review your relocation benefits and your relocation requirements, you will receive two e-mails, one with your password and one with your username to access your individual site on Lexicon’s Web portal. The site will provide information on your relocation details and a link to an on-line relocation expense report along with directions for completing each expense report.
•     Scan your receipts, attach to the electronic expense report, and submit on line. You will be notified of receipt via e-mail
•     Make a copy of the report and receipts for your records
•     If you are not able to scan your receipts, you may fax or mail your receipts to the fax number or mail address provided on the expense report form. You must attach a copy of your expense report to any receipts you fax or mail.
•     If you do not have access to a computer, you may ask your Relocation Counselor to send you the Relocation Expense report form and you may fax or mail the expense report along with required receipts to the fax number or address provided on the form
•     Expense Report forms that are mailed will take longer to process
 
It is important to remember:
•     Relocation expenses must be separate and distinct from business expenses.
•     If you are traveling on business during this period, you must submit those expenses on a Discovery business expense report form.
•     You should keep records and original receipts of all your expenses, if scanning. This will assist in the completion of your federal and state tax returns at year-end.
     YOU MUST NOT USE YOUR DISCOVERY CORPORATE CREDIT CARD FOR ANY RELOCATION EXPENSES.
•     Benefits have no cash value and cash payment may not be substituted for any specific benefit and cannot be exchanged for other benefits except for Discretionary benefit category.
•     No expenses will be reimbursed or paid after two (2) years from Start Date in the new location.
Relocation Agreement
You must sign and return the Relocation Agreement to Discovery before any relocation payments can be processed. Please refer to Addendum 1 attached to this policy document.
Please sign and return this document to your Human Resources Representative (HRM).


Relocation Policy Tier C 8    Effective April 2017


Confidentiality

In order for Lexicon to administer the provisions of the relocation policy, Discovery provides certain employee information (i.e. base salary, tax information, etc.). Lexicon agrees that its employees will maintain the confidentiality of this personal information and use it strictly for the purposes set forth in the policy.
Interpretation and Changes in Relocation Policy
This document provides you with the information you need to know about the Discovery relocation policy. However, Discovery reserves the right to end, suspend or amend the Relocation Policy at any time. Further, Discovery retains the final discretionary authority to establish and interpret the provisions of this policy and determine eligibility for benefits.
Effective Date
This document describes the provisions of the Discovery Relocation Policy effective as of April 2014.
Exceptions

Any deviations from this policy must be requested, in writing, through your Lexicon Relocation Counselor. Discovery has the sole discretion to approve any exception requests prior to any reimbursement. Requests for exceptions after you have incurred the expense may not be reimbursed. YOUR MANAGER DOES NOT HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO GRANT ANY EXCEPTIONS TO THIS POLICY.

Relocation Policy Tier C 9    Effective April 2017


Tracking Your Move on Lexicon’s Transferee Web Portal

Lexicon’s Transferee will give you access to helpful relocation information and the details of your move. In addition to working with your Relocation Counselor, this web site provides another source of information that will help ensure a smooth transition to your new location.

Features and benefits of the web site include:
Online access to all important information on your relocation, including all relocation support contact names, phone numbers and status updates
Access to your relocation policy summary
Housing information and maps
Tips, timelines and other useful links to help you make informed decisions and research tools for exploring your new destination city
Secured site to ensure that no one else can access your personal information

The link to Lexicon’s Web Portal will be sent to you with tour user ID and Password will provide access to your personal information.

Relocation Policy Tier C 10    Effective April 2017


Relocation Benefits – Example

This is an example to show you how the three distinct categories of benefits work together to create your total relocation benefit. Your relocation benefit is calculated based on Annual Salary (rounded up to the next $1,000) up to a maximum of $250,000.

In this example, the employee has an annual salary of $183,450. The employee’s total relocation expense cap is $184,000.

CORE BENEFIT
$110,400
Maximum Allowable – 60% of Annual Salary
Home Sale
$65,000
 
Household Goods
$11,000
 
MEA
$15,000
 
New Home Closing Costs
$14,000
 
 
 
 
Total Submitted
 

$105,000

Amount Remaining
 

$5,400

 
 
 
FLEXIBLE BENEFIT

$36,800

Maximum Allowable – 20% of Annual Salary
House Hunting
$
4,000

 
Vehicle Transportation

$1,500

 
Duplicate Mortgage

$7,800

 
Final Move

$1,500

 
Storage

$4,000

 
Temporary Housing*

$18,000

 
 
 
 
Total Submitted
 

$36,800

Amount Remaining
 

$0

 
 
 
DISCRETIONARY BENEFIT

$36,800

Maximum Allowable – 20% of Annual Salary
Temporary Housing*

$7,000

 
 
 
 
Total Submitted
 

$7,000

Amount Remaining
 

$35,200


*Full cost of temporary housing is $25,000. Flexible Benefit covers $18,000, but then the maximum allowable amount is reached. Discretionary Benefit can then be used to cover the additional $7,000.

Relocation Policy Tier C 11    Effective April 2017


Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA) = Core Benefit

MEA

To help defray expenses associated with your move that are not covered under the Discovery relocation policy, the Company will provide you with a MEA Payment. Payment cannot be advanced greater than 30 days prior to your start date and will be made within 60 days from your date of arrival.
The MEA is equal to one month’s gross base salary not to exceed $15,000, less taxes. The payment is intended to reimburse you for many of the incidental expenses you incur as a direct result of your transfer. The MEA is considered a CORE relocation benefit. Examples of expenses may include:

•     Tips or gratuities to movers
•     Driver’s licenses and automobile registrations in the new location
•     Utility hookups, phone, and/or deposits
•     Expenses related to moving pets including transportation (i.e., boarding, veterinarian care)
•     Cleaning or maid service (new or old location)
•     Non-refundable annual tuition, club dues, memberships and/or subscriptions
•     Tax consulting
•     Pick up from storage or another location other than the primary residence
•     Special packing needs
•     Costs unique to your personal move not covered by this policy
•     Laundry while in temporary living
•     Relocation costs that exceed your flexible and discretionary relocation benefits described below
Taxes Withheld

Payment of your MEA will be made upon receipt of your signed Relocation Agreement and commencement of your relocation. The MEA is reported as taxable income and taxes will be withheld based on your Discovery payroll records.


Relocation Policy Tier C 12    Effective April 2017


Selling Your Current Home = Core Benefit

Buyer Value Option Home Sale Program

IMPORTANT : Please do not contact any real estate agent to list your home until you speak with your Lexicon Relocation Counselor about the home sale program benefit called the Buyer Value Option (BVO) home sale program.
The BVO program enables you to sell your home to Lexicon Relocation based on an acceptable offer from an outside buyer providing all requirements of the BVO program are met. When all requirements are met, broker commissions and closing costs paid as part of this home sale program are non-taxable under current IRS guidelines.
Properties Not Eligible for Buyer Value Option Home Sale
The home that you are selling must be considered your primary residence and you must occupy to the property prior to the acceptance of this relocation. Discovery cannot assist with the sale of vacation homes or investment properties. The following properties are not eligible for the BVO home sale program. Please notify your Relocation Counselor if your home is any of the following:
•     Cooperative Housing
•     Farms
•     Vacant Land
•     House trailers, Motor Homes or Mobile Homes not permanently affixed to the property
•     Houseboats
•     Multi-family dwellings
•     Income producing properties
•     Real Estate under renovation or construction
•     Residence with land in excess of what is typical for the neighborhood
•     Residences acquired for commercial or speculative purposes
•     Residence containing or located near hazardous materials
•     Residence that does not meet Fannie Mae mortgage guidelines
•     Residences that are in need of excessive maintenance and/or repair
•     Residences for which financing or insurance are not obtainable
•     Residences without clear marketable title
•     Residences with an Exterior Insulating Finish Systems (EIFS) or any brand of synthetic stucco not considered traditional cement based stucco.
If Your Home Does Not Qualify for the BVO Program
If your home is ineligible for the BVO home sale program based on the requirements above, you can submit your Settlement Statement (HUD1) to Lexicon for reimbursement of broker commissions and normal and customary seller’s closing costs. Tax assistance will be provided. Please see Tax Considerations at the end of this policy document for additional information.


Relocation Policy Tier C 13    Effective April 2017




Properties Needing “Remedial” Steps to Become Eligible for BVO Home Sale
Properties with the following issues would not qualify for the BVO Home Sale program until remedial steps are taken to correct the problem.
•     An “active” underground storage tank unless you are able to provide transferable “Tank Insurance” that covers spills and clean ups and is acceptable to Lexicon; the property will again be eligible. The cost of such insurance is your responsibility. It will also be your responsibility to provide all clearance from applicable municipality state or federal governances.
•     Residences with an “inactive or abandoned” underground storage tank unless you are able to have the underground storage tank successfully removed and provide documentation (i.e. receipt from contractor or proof of payment) and re-inspection results in a clear report, acceptable to Lexicon. The cost of all remedial steps is the responsibility of the Relocating Employee. It will also be your responsibility to provide all clearance from applicable municipality state or federal governances.
•     Environmental, Structural and/or EPA related issues as it relates to environmental concerns (such as but not limited to asbestos, lead paint, toxic materials) and excessive repairs. If retesting results in a clear report, acceptable to Lexicon the property will again be eligible. The cost of all remedial steps is the responsibility of the Relocating Employee. It will also be your responsibility to provide all clearance from applicable municipality state or federal governances.
Selection of an Agent
Before you list , two Real Estate Firms/Agents will be recommended by Lexicon to provide a Broker Market Analysis (BMAs) to Lexicon and you. The BMAs are reviewed by your Relocation Counselor; copies are sent to you for your review, and you and your Relocation Counselor will discuss the BMAs to set a target sale price.
 
Lexicon understands that getting the best price for your home is vital to a successful relocation. The selection of a knowledgeable real estate agent is very important. Lexicon has arranged to provide you access to a network of qualified real estate agents available in your community who specialize in assisting relocating employees and are trained in relocation home sale requirements.
Lexicon’s recommended real estate firms and agents are specially trained to effectively market your home, as well as, address the needs that are unique to relocation. In addition using one of these agents may relieve you of any pressure you may feel to use the services of a friend, relative or acquaintance in the real estate field.
Lexicon Relocation will provide you with qualified agents in your area from which to select a listing agent/firm. We recommend that you interview these agents to assess their ability to effectively market your home. Please advise them that you are considering using their services and they have been referred by Lexicon Relocation.
Some of the questions you might ask them to help you in your selection process are:
•     What is the current average marketing time for listings in my neighborhood?
•     How many homes similar to mine in price and location do you currently have listed?
•     How many homes similar to mine have you sold in the last 90 days?
•     In what locations and price ranges are you most active?
•     What are the comparable home listings and sales you will or have used to arrive at your recommended list price?
•     How do you intend to market my home (number/frequency of open broker and public houses, where and how will my home be advertised including number of websites, other recommendations)?


Relocation Policy Tier C 14    Effective April 2017



Marketing Strategy
The agent’s marketing strategy will include:
•     Suggestions on how to prepare your home for sale
•     A recommended listing price and anticipated sales price
•     Information on competing properties for sale and recently closed comparable homes
•     Creative home sale promotion ideas
•     Bi-weekly marketing update/status reports to you and Lexicon
Listing Your Home
Agent listing commissions should be limited to 6% and the initial listing period should be no longer than 90 days. To ensure you are priced right for the market, your list price should be no more than 105% of the average of the 2 agents’ anticipated sales price.
Home Marketing Assistance and Marketing Updates
Your Relocation Counselor will monitor the entire listing effort, including a review of homes currently listed in your area and an evaluation of recently closed properties to ensure that a realistic pricing strategy is in place. Marketing assistance also includes pro-active marketing strategy calls, follow-up on buyer and Realtor feedback, follow-up on advertising and open house events. Your Relocation Counselor will also make recommendations to adjust your price, sales terms, and/or conditions accordingly.
Property Condition Inspections
At the same time you are making your agent selection, Lexicon must order property condition inspections on your home in order to purchase your home once an outside buyer is found. These inspections include, but are not be limited to:
•     General Property Condition Inspection
•     Pest Inspection (Wood destroying Organism – WDO)
•     Radon Inspection, if applicable for your area
•     Well and/or septic system inspection, if applicable
Additional inspections, such as structural or roof inspection may be required based on recommendations on the General Property Condition Inspection report. When your Relocation Counselor receives the inspection reports from the inspection company, copies are sent to you and required repairs, if any, will be reviewed with you. You are required to make repairs before a buyer makes an offer. (See “Repair Allowance” below.).
When repairs are completed during the marketing process and prior to an outside buyer’s offer, the home has more market appeal and buyers are less likely to want to negotiate price based on condition.
Repair Allowance
Based on the Property Condition Inspection above, Lexicon may require you to undertake certain repairs, as determined by Lexicon. Should you be required to make repairs at Lexicon’s request, you may be eligible for a home repair allowance up to $5,000 to complete required repairs. Lexicon will arrange for hiring applicable contractors and arrange for direct billing of costs. Any repairs over $5,000 will be at your expense. Receipts for work completed and a satisfactory re-inspection will be required for reimbursement. Please discuss the options with your Relocation Counselor PRIOR TO making any repairs.
Title Search
In addition to property condition inspections, Lexicon will contact its national real estate title company to complete a title search on your home to ensure the title on your home is clear. The title company will also send you required documents necessary to close the sale with the outside buyer that you will need to complete and return so Lexicon can close the sale with the new buyer once an offer is accepted on your home. Lexicon may not accept an offer with contingencies if repairs are not completed.


Relocation Policy Tier C 15    Effective April 2017


Receiving an Offer from an Outside Buyer
When you receive an acceptable offer from an outside buyer, your Relocation Counselor can assist you with the negotiation process. You can negotiate with the outside buyer until a verbal agreement  is reached.
DO NOT SIGN ANY CONTRACT OR PURCHASE OFFER. Signing an offer will disqualify you from the BVO program.
The written offer must list Lexicon Relocation, LLC as the seller.
Sale cannot be contingent on the sale of the buyer’s current home.
The written offer packet must include all required Lexicon and state required documents including:
•     Buyer’s lender pre-approval letter
•     Lexicon and state property disclosure forms
•     Inspection reports initialed by buyer
Your Realtor® will send the outside buyer’s written offer including the above to your Relocation Counselor for review and approval.
If the offer meets all the requirements for the Buyer Value Option program, and you have completed and returned to Lexicon and the title company all your required paperwork; your Relocation Counselor will send you an Employee Home Purchase Agreement (EHPA)  to purchase your home for the same price and terms as the outside buyer’s offer. After you sign and return Lexicon’s offer (EHPA), Lexicon will sign the written offer from the outside buyer.
Closing the Sale with Lexicon
When you accept Lexicon’s offer on your home and need your equity to purchase a home in your new location, Lexicon will have its title company determine the equity in your home. Your equity will be based on the purchase price less any mortgage balance(s), taxes, interest and Homeowners’ Association fees, if applicable, prorated through your vacate date or offer acceptance date, whichever is later, and any agreed upon repair costs not previously completed. You will not be billed for any standard closing costs on the sale of your home to Lexicon.
Non-covered Closing Expenses
The following costs are examples of items that are NOT  covered closing expenses and will be deducted from your equity if they are included in the sale to the outside buyer:
•     Home Owner Warranties
•     Closing Costs typically paid by the buyer
•     FHA/VA fees
•     Concessions to the Buyer (such as homeowners’ association or property tax credits)
•     Buyer Broker Fees
•     Prepayment penalties over $2,500

This list is not all-inclusive. Questionable items should be addressed with your Relocation Counselor during the sale negotiation process.

Relocation Policy Tier C 16    Effective April 2017


Home Owner Rental Option = Core Benefit

Property Rental Management
The home that you are renting must be considered your primary residence and you must occupy to the property prior to the acceptance of this relocation. Discovery cannot provide benefits for vacation homes or investment properties.
If you decide to rent your home instead of selling through the Home Sale option above, you will be eligible for reimbursement of reasonable and customary management fees associated with renting your home until your benefit expiration date. Your benefit expiration date is 24 months after your date of hire or transfer date, not  from the date you rent the property.

Reimbursement is for management fees only including:
•     Leasing commission up to the equivalent of 1 month’s rent
•     On-going property management service fees, if any

Reimbursement does not include:
•     costs of repairs
•     return trips to the property
•     any rent payment shortfall

If you elect this option, and submit and are reimbursed for property management fees, you will forfeit the home sale benefit.

You must elect this option within 6 months from your date of hire or transfer date.

Notify your Relocation Counselor if you decide to select this option. Your Relocation Counselor will provide you with contact information for firms in your location that provide property management services.

Renting your home instead of selling it may have tax consequences. We recommend that you consult with a tax advisor to evaluate any tax impact of renting your home.

Relocation Policy Tier C 17    Effective April 2017


Destination Assistance = Core Benefit

Finding the Right Home
Lexicon understands that finding the right home in the new location is vital to a successful relocation. Destination services provides access to either a rental finding professional or a qualified real estate agent who will be able to assist with area counseling and provide specific information such as:
•     Types and price ranges of available rental housing or homes for sale
•     Town and neighborhood data
•     Property tax information
•     Commuting information
•     Education, medical, religious and other personal information
For the Renter
Help is available to assist you in renting a home or an apartment in your new location. Your Relocation Counselor will refer you to a designated rental finding professional. Discovery will pay the fees associated with the use of one of these agents. These professionals are well qualified to assist you with area counseling and rental finding assistance. You are responsible for fees charged by agents who have not been referred to you by your Relocation Counselor. In Manhattan the customary cost of obtaining a rental property is 12% to 15% of the annual rent. In the surrounding NY Metro area excluding CT, the customary fee is equal to one month rent. Discovery will reimburse you for these customary costs to obtain a rental in these areas.
It is uncommon for agents in other areas to charge rental commissions so please check with your Lexicon consultant before paying any fees to agents or landlords.
For the Homeowner
Selection of a knowledgeable and competent real estate broker in an unfamiliar area is very important. Do not contact a real estate agent in your new location prior to speaking with your Lexicon Relocation Counselor.

Lexicon has arranged to provide access to pre-qualified real estate firms and agents available in the new community who specialize in assisting relocating employees. The realtors recommended by Lexicon Relocation have been specially trained to address issues that are unique to relocation. Using one of these agents may relieve you of any pressure to use the services of a friend, relative or someone less qualified.

You are not required to use a Lexicon recommended agent to purchase or rent your new home. However, you must contact your Relocation Counselor to register your agent prior to  contacting the agent yourself.

Use your login to Lexicon’s Web Portal to access links communities, schools and other useful information.


Relocation Policy Tier C 18    Effective April 2017


House Hunting Trip = Flexible Benefit

Eligibility
Employees are eligible for up to two (2) trips of five (5) days each. Reimbursable expenses include transportation (either mileage reimbursement or airfare and local fares to/from airports and lodging. Reasonable childcare expenses will be reimbursed if the children are not included on the trip. Other expenses such as house sitting and animal care are covered by your MEA.
Travel Arrangements
All travel arrangements are in accordance with Discovery’s Travel Policy.
Covered Expenses
Two house-hunting trip(s) up to 5 days each including:
•     Round-trip transportation
•     Economy Coach class – if travel by air (move distance must exceed 300 miles)
•     Rental car costs
•     Reasonable lodging
•     Meal expenses at $40 per diem for employee or $60 per diem if additional family member(s) accompany the employee
•     If you travel by auto, you are eligible for reimbursement of the following costs:
•     Mileage reimbursement at corporate mileage rate (Cost of gasoline in not covered.)
•     Reasonable lodging

Tax Assistance
Reimbursements for house hunting expenses are considered taxable income and will be reported as such.

Relocation Policy Tier C 19    Effective April 2017


Homeowner Destination Inspection Program = Flexible Benefit

Destination Home Inspection
In addition to obtaining a mortgage on your new home, you may want to have a home inspection performed prior to completing the transaction. To assist you with the inspection process your Relocation Counselor can arrange for a Home Inspection company representative to contact you and complete a Buyer’s Home Inspection  on a property you wish to purchase.

Service Provides
The service provides the following benefits:
•     Written property condition inspection results
•     Technical counseling
•     “Ask the Inspector” question and answer toll-free number
•     No conflict of interest
You will be reimbursed up to $500 for a destination home inspection.

Please contact your Relocation Counselor to arrange for new home inspections.

If you choose to use the Destination Inspection Program, please be aware that any fees you incur in connection with this service will be paid by you directly to the service provider and is not reimbursable.



Relocation Policy Tier C 20    Effective April 2017


New Home Mortgage = Core Benefit

Preferred Lender
As an added benefit to the relocation policy, Lexicon has established a relationship with Lexicon Relocation’s national mortgage partners to assist eligible transferring employees in obtaining financing in the new area. These national mortgage lenders offer competitive interest rates and a wide variety of mortgage programs. The service will include discrete, confidential mortgage counseling. Pre-qualification will be available to the employee to utilize before going on the house-hunting trip.
Direct Bill
Because the mortgage companies are familiar with Lexicon and Discovery’s benefits, you should experience easy processing. In addition, all reimbursable closing costs on the new home purchase that are within your relocation expense cap will be direct billed to Lexicon Relocation.
Advantages
Using the services of these preferred lenders offers many advantages:
•     Mortgage loan pre-approval process
•     Direct billing of closing costs based on your available Core Benefit cap
Your Relocation Counselor will describe the program options with you and can arrange to have a representative from these lenders contact you. If you would like to contact the lenders directly, your Relocation Counselor will provide you with contact information. Please identify yourself as an employee of Discovery.
Closing Cost Reimbursement
If you do not use the direct bill option, you must submit an official signed copy of the HUD-1 Settlement Statement within two weeks following the closing date.

Relocation Policy Tier C            Effective April 2017
Published April 2017


New Home Purchase Costs = Core Benefit

Eligibility
There are numerous expenses associated with the closing of a new home. Discovery will reimburse your normal and customary buyer’s closing costs in connection with the purchase of your new home. The following criteria must be met for reimbursement:
Your new home purchase must occur within two years of your date of hire or transfer date.
Qualified Expenses
Normal and customary closing costs for financing include, but are not limited to:
•     Origination charges including Mortgage application fee, processing and commitment, and/or service fee (maximum $500)
•     Reasonable attorney (legal) fees
•     Conveyance taxes
•     Title Insurance - Lender’s coverage only, if typically paid by the buyer
•     Recording fees (including tax stamps)
•     Credit reports
•     Appraisal fees
•     Flood certification
•     Inspections required by lender
•     Survey fees if required by lender
•     Reasonable fees for Property Inspection (Maximum $500)
Non-reimbursable Expenses
The following costs will not be considered:
•     Discount points
•     Property tax, insurance or interest
•     Expenses normally charged to seller
•     Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
•     Improvement assessments by State, City, County taxing authorities
•     If you have any questions on what is normal and customary for your new area, please check with your Relocation Counselor.
Tax Assistance
Reimbursement or payment of certain expenses may be considered taxable income and will be reported as such. These reimbursements or payments may be tax assisted. (See Tax Considerations).

Relocation Policy Tier C 22    Effective April 2017


Buyer Brokerage
Under Buyer Brokerage, a buyer may retain the services of a real estate broker who agrees to help the buyer locate and purchase a home for the best possible price.
In contrast to the traditional approach, a buyer broker’s basic duty is to work in the best interest of the buyer, pointing out flaws or other potential problems with specific properties in order to help the buyer negotiate the most favorable purchase terms possible.
Since Buyer Brokerage creates a totally different set of responsibilities and loyalties for all the parties involved in real estate transactions, responsibility for the compensation of buyer brokers can also shift.
 In some instances the buyer’s broker will split the total fee with the seller’s listing broker. In other cases, the buyer of the property is responsible for paying a fee to the buyer’s broker. The key point to remember is that Buyer Brokerage may create a financial obligation for purchasers that would otherwise not exist under a traditional approach.

If you choose to use Buyer Brokerage, please be aware that any fees you incur in connection with this service will not  be reimbursed under this policy. You are free to utilize the MEA to cover these potential additional costs.


Relocation Policy Tier C 23    Effective April 2017


Renter’s Assistance = Core Benefit

Eligibility
If you are presently renting a home or apartment, you should read and become familiar with the provisions for canceling / terminating your lease.
Lease Termination
You should communicate your transfer date to the landlord as soon as possible and obtain a copy of the lease to review your options with the landlord.
•     The lease may contain a transfer clause, which would allow you to break it.
•     You or your landlord may be able to sublet the unit.
•     You may be required to pay a lease cancellation fee, which is reimbursable for up to two months rent for fees directly related to canceling the lease. Every effort should be made to keep this expense to a minimum. You are responsible for any damage or loss of security deposits.
Please speak to your Relocation Counselor for help determining the best schedule for your move and for preparing for discussions with your landlord. In many cases, landlords can be very reasonable in dealing with matters of corporate relocation.
New Lease, Finder’s Fees
The Company will also reimburse customary finder’s fee in metro New York City only. The Customary commission is   up to 12% to 15% of the annual rent in NYC or up to 1 month’s rent in the surrounding metro New York City area. Outside of the NYC area, you are eligible for a one day tour with a Lexicon Relocation Destination Services agent at your new location. You are responsible for fees charged by agents who have not been referred to you by your Relocation Counselor. It is uncommon for rental agents to charge broker commission in locations other than the metro NYC area. Please check with your Lexicon consultant before making any payments to your agent or landlord.
New Lease Agreement
A new lease should be examined carefully before it is signed. Should the new lease not already contain one, negotiate a cancellation clause  that will give you the right to cancel the lease without penalty in the event of an employer-initiated transfer. However, if the landlord insists on a penalty, try to negotiate a cancellation fee of the equivalent of one month’s rent or not more than two month’s rent.

You SHOULD include the following “Transfer Clause” when executing a lease agreement:
“Notwithstanding any other provisions of this lease, it is agreed between the tenant and the landlord or his / her agent that in the event that the tenant is relocated by the tenant’s employer to a new location, the tenant shall have the option of terminating this lease:
Either:
Upon giving the Landlord or his / her agent at least thirty (30) days notice in writing by certified mail;
OR:
Upon the tenant paying to the landlord or his / her agent a sum of $_______*, exclusive of any security and / or damage deposit for said premises.

If this lease is terminated due to transfer, the security and / or damage deposit shall be returned to tenant as provided elsewhere in this lease.
A letter or copy of a letter from the tenant’s employer attesting to the transfer shall be considered satisfactory proof of such transfer.”
*Not to exceed two month’s rent – it is your responsibility to negotiate this figure as low as possible.

Modifications may be made in the Transfer Clause to conform to local custom.
Tax Assistance
Reimbursements or payments for Lease Cancellation and Finder’s Fee expenses are considered taxable income and will be reported as such. Tax assistance will be provided (see Tax Considerations).

Relocation Policy Tier C 24    Effective April 2017


Moving Your Household Goods = Core Benefit

Overview
Benefit must be utilized within first 12 months from your start date in the new work location.
In anticipation of your forthcoming move, Discovery will pack and ship your household and personal goods. Lexicon Relocation has contracted with a top quality, national van line to provide this service to you. You will be given a mover who is best suited to provide you with quality service based on your location.
You should contact your Relocation Counselor as early as possible to establish a preliminary schedule as household goods shipments can take up to three weeks to book. Once Lexicon Relocation contacts the mover, a representative will be contacting you to arrange for a pre-move survey. This person will work with you in all subsequent scheduling of packing, moving and delivery.
Covered Shipment Expenses
The following expenses and services are covered:
•     Packing and shipping of ordinary household goods and personal effects
•     Disconnect and reconnect of normal household appliances (provided by the carrier)
Items Not Eligible to be Transported – Expenses/Services Not Covered
The following expenses and services are not covered:
•     Picking up or dropping off furnishings of secondary homes or items in storage
•     Shipment of hazardous materials such as explosives, chemicals, flammable materials, firearms, garden chemicals
•     Shipment of hot tubs/spas, sheds, above ground pools
•     Valuables such as jewelry, currency, dissertations or publishable papers, and other collectibles or items of extraordinary value
•     Removal, disassembling or installation of carpeting, drapery rods, storage sheds or other permanent fixtures
•     Shipment of boats, recreational vehicles and unusually heavy or cumbersome hobby materials
•     Extra pickups or deliveries at any location other than your primary residence
•     Special packing or transportation of frozen foods, plants, wine collections or other perishables
•     Moving or shipping such items as trees, shrubs, construction materials, firewood, livestock and other non-domestic and domestic animals
•     Tips or other gratuities to the moving company’s employees
•     Any services performed by the employee, dependents or relatives
•     Special charges associated with assembly or disassembly of personal furnishings (exclusive of beds), antiques, specialty items, satellite dish/antennae, swing sets, patio furniture or other outdoor fixtures


Relocation Policy Tier C 25    Effective April 2017


Handling Oversized Items

With prior review by your Relocation Counselor, Discovery may provide for the shipment of recreational vehicles; e.g., jet skis, snowmobiles, motorcycles, if they cannot be driven or towed. They must be able to be shipped as part of the regular shipment of household goods and will be shipped in lieu of an vehicle. Other large items such as grandfather clocks and slate pool tables that require crating will be shipped in the van with your other household goods.
Valuation Coverage

Valuation coverage at full replacement value (up to $100,000 based on the weight of your shipment) is provided for your personal property while in transit. The valuation does not cover: bank accounts, bills, deeds, evidence of debt, currency, letters of credit, passports, airline or other tickets, securities, bullion, precious stones, stamp or coin collections. Special arrangements should be made for these items.

Additional valuation is at your expense . Consult your personal insurance policy representative for an explanation of coverage for items in transit, as well as coverage for vacant property at the former and/or new locations, if applicable.

Other Household Moving Benefits = Flexible Benefit

Vehicles

You are encouraged to drive your personal car(s) to the new location when you report to work. Mileage reimbursement is made at the company’s current mileage rate. If the distance to the new location is more than 500 miles you may ship two (2) vehicles. Insurance on such vehicles will be provided, however, vehicles that are shipped are not eligible for mileage expense reimbursement. Shipment of Vehicles is a Flexible Relocation Benefit.
Storage

You should make every effort to move directly to your permanent residence. If your new home is not accessible for delivery of your household goods or if you are required to vacate your previous residence due to a buyer requiring immediate occupancy, temporary storage will be provided for a period that coincides with your company sponsored temporary living.
Delivery out of storage will be covered as well. If a partial shipment is made, you will be responsible for all expenses associated with additional shipments. Storage of household goods is considered a Flexible relocation benefit .
Pets

Pet transportation is your responsibility and is not a covered expense in this policy. Your Relocation Counselor can provide recommendations for pet transportation services.

Relocation Policy Tier C 26    Effective April 2017


Temporary Living = Flexible Benefit

Eligibility
Temporary living expenses for fully furnished corporate apartment at origin and destination are limited to a combined total of 6 months. Your Lexicon consultant will arrange for accommodations through an approved corporate vendor. Discovery cannot reimburse for personal leases.

Pre Departure – if you are forced to vacate your property prior to relocating to your new work location, Discovery will reimburse for corporate accommodations for up to 30 days. This benefit is not provided for individuals who are preparing their home to market for sale; staging or refurbishing the home for example.
Covered Expenses
Your Relocation Counselor will assist you in obtaining suitable living facilities. The expenses incurred for temporary living accommodations are billed directly to Lexicon.
Excluded Expenses
You will not receive reimbursement for any other expenses, including car rental expenses during your temporary living. You should plan on using your personal vehicle during this time, as car rental fees are not reimbursable. If the move distance is greater than 500 miles, you may pre-ship one car. Cost of meals or groceries while in temporary living are not reimbursable.
Return Trips Home
If you report to your new location before being joined by your family, you may be reimbursed for return trips to visit your family, providing that you have funds remaining in your Flexible Benefits. Return trips must follow Discovery’s Travel Policy.
Tax Assistance
Reimbursements or payments for Temporary Living expenses are considered taxable income and will be reported as such.

Duplicate Mortgage Interest = Flexible Benefit

Overview
If you close on a home in your new location prior to the sale of your home in the former location, Discovery will reimburse you for duplicate mortgage interest expenses for up to a maximum of 6 months.
The home in your departure location must be considered your primary residence and you must have occupied to the property prior to the acceptance of this relocation. Discovery cannot provide benefits for vacation homes or investment properties.
Reimbursed Expenses
Discovery will reimburse you for the duplicate mortgage interest incurred on the lower of the two home payments for the following:
•     Mortgage Interest (1st mortgage only)
•     Payment of duplicate mortgage interest is based on the actual number of days which interest payments overlap and will be reimbursed based on the dates of homeownership.
Reimbursement will be made upon receipt of documented duplicate mortgage payment such as your mortgage statement.
Tax Assistance
Duplicate mortgage interest reimbursements are considered taxable income. Interest expense is a tax deductible expense on your Federal Income Tax filing and the reimbursement will not be grossed up.


Relocation Policy Tier C 27    Effective April 2017


Spousal Career Assistance = Flexible Benefit

Overview
Lexicon will initiate services with the Discovery preferred provider, Lee Hecht Harrison (LHH) upon request. Services may include:
•     Career assessment tools and exploration of career options.
•     Resume preparation and comprehensive marketing plan development.
•     Coaching for interviewing and negotiating.
•     Participation in an LHH Job Search Work Team, a project management approach to job search with networking, teamwork, and accountability components.
•     LHH Career Resource Network™ – LHH’s proprietary online tool for market research, employment, and entrepreneurship opportunities.
•     Resume Reserve™ – LHH’s proprietary resume database, allowing job candidates to present their credentials to thousands of registered employers and recruiters and to network with other individuals receiving LHH services.
•     Use of LeadLink™ – LHH’s job bank for accessing and collecting job leads.
•     Managing Your Search Project book set and other materials.
•     Administrative and office resources.
Eligibility
Eligible spouse will receive program expense up to $5,000 that must be initiated within the first 12 months from job start date. The program must be completed within the first 24 months of your transfer.

Relocation Policy Tier C 28    Effective April 2017


Final Move Trip = Flexible Benefit

Overview
Benefit for employee and accompanying members must be utilized within first 12 months from your start date in the new work location.
You may be reimbursed for one-way transportation for you and your family to travel to the new location. Final Trip expenses are considered a Flexible relocation benefit.
Final Move Defined
The final move trip is defined as one day in the old and one day in the new and days en route. Any remaining days are considered temporary living.
Air Travel
All travel arrangements are in accordance with Discovery’s Travel Policy. Air Travel will be reimbursed as follows:

•     Airfare via coach class if the move is over 300 miles, 7-day advance purchase ticket is required.
•     Actual and reasonable costs for subsistence in transit or related to transportation, including transportation to and from the airport, baggage transfer, rental car (if car (s) have been shipped).
Personal Automobile Travel

Personal Automobile Travel will be reimbursed as follows:
•     If the move is less than 300 miles, mileage will be reimbursed at the current corporate mileage rate.
•     If the move is over 300 miles and you choose to drive, you will be reimbursed for reasonable lodging, meals and mileage at the current corporate mileage rate.
•     Actual and reasonable costs for subsistence in transit for you and your dependents including meals and lodging.
Tax Assistance
Meals and mileage over the IRS mileage cap are considered taxable income and will be tax assisted. All other items are excluded from income (see Tax considerations).

Discretionary Benefit

Maximum Allowable Benefit
The maximum Discretionary benefit is equal to 20% of your annual salary not to exceed a maximum of $50,000.
Eligibility

You may not apply for Discretionary benefits until your Flexible benefits or Core benefits have been exhausted. This is not a cash benefit and will not be paid to you in lieu of other benefits.
The policy is designed to provide an extra measure of benefits on an as needed basis. Eligibility for this benefit is in the sole discretion of the company and based on extenuating circumstances. Please discuss with Lexicon if you believe you may be eligible for this benefit. It is not intended to be used for expenses under CORE or FLEX that are not otherwise covered or are not required in order to gain additional benefits under the policy.
Example of Eligible Use
Extend Short Term Storage – if you are unable to move into your new property immediately, you may decide to keep your goods in storage with the movers until your property is ready.
Examples of Ineligible Use
Discretionary Benefits may NOT be used to:
•     Increase the MEA
•     Pay for loss on sale or loss on equity
•     Paid as a cash benefit once all other benefits are exhausted


Relocation Policy Tier C 29    Effective April 2017


Reduction in Force/Workforce Restructuring

The purpose of this paragraph is to clarify Discovery’s relocation policy as it may apply in situations where an employee’s employment ends due to Discovery’s decision to involuntarily terminate the employee’s employment without “cause,” including for restructuring. In its sole discretion, Discovery may provide relocation benefits for an employee whose employment is terminated without cause (most commonly due to a reduction in force or job elimination). An employee who has completed (or is in the process of completing) a relocation within one year prior to the effective date of a qualifying for involuntary termination is eligible to receive limited relocation benefits to return to their original home location at the time of the transfer/hire with Discovery (i.e., original city and state only).

Benefit entitlements include:
Shipment of Household Goods back to home location (the entitlement is based on original shipment to the host work location, including up to two vehicles)
Home sale closing costs, if homeowner
Lease breakage up to three months, if renter
Economy airfare, train travel for trip back to home location (Air travel if over 300 miles, per Discovery guidelines) or mileage reimbursement

The employee must complete a Relocation Notification Form and return it to the Global Mobility team within four (4) weeks (i.e., postmarked or faxed) of the termination date to apply for these benefits. Failure to notify Discovery as stated will forfeit relocation benefits. The employee will have a total of twenty-four (24) weeks from the termination date to complete their relocation and submit approved expenses for reimbursement. Any expenses submitted after the above stated time frame will not be reimbursed.

Employees that voluntarily terminate employment or are terminated for cause or poor performance are not eligible to receive relocation benefits. In addition, if an employee is eligible for relocation benefits from another employer (for example, the employee finds another job in the home location and is eligible for relocation benefits from the new employer), the employee will not be eligible for relocation benefits from Discovery.

Relocation Policy Tier C 30    Effective April 2017


Tax Considerations

IRS – Federal Income Tax
Federal income tax laws require many of the relocation expenses paid by an employer to or on behalf of an employee to be reported as income on the employee’s W-2 (Wage and Tax Statement) for the year in which payment is made.

Although Discovery does not guarantee any particular tax treatment relating to the benefits provided under this Relocation Policy, it is intended that such payments and benefits be exempt from, or comply with, all tax regulations, including but not limited to IRS Code Section 409(a). All taxable expenses or other reimbursements under the Relocation Policy shall be payable in accordance with Discovery's policies in effect. The right to such expenses and reimbursements shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, payment, or reimbursement.
Tax Assistance

Discovery will provide tax assistance on many of the relocation benefits paid to you or on your behalf. Assistance is provided for the following taxes:
•     Federal, State and Local Income Tax liability based on the supplemental rate, with a true-up to the marginal rate at year-end. The marginal rate is based on your COMPANY earnings, your tax filing status and the number of exemptions claimed when you file your 1040 tax return. There is no consideration for outside income, spouse income or other special circumstances which may affect your actual marginal rate.
•     Social Security/Medicare where applicable

Definitions
To better understand how tax assistance works, the following terms are defined:
•     Excludable expenses
•     Deductible expenses
•     Non-deductible expenses
Excludable Expenses
Some expenses are considered non-income items and do not require reporting to the IRS as income to you. Examples of excludable expenses are:
•     Buyer Value Option Home Sale program costs
•     Shipment of your household goods
•     Storage of your household goods (first 30 days)
•     Final move expenses, excluding meals and mileage reimbursement up to the IRS limit for Final Trip mileage
Deductible Expenses


Deductible expenses are those that can be deducted from your taxable income at the time you prepare your annual federal income tax return. Examples of deductible expenses are:
•     Mortgage interest provided for Duplicate Housing
•     Loan origination or discount points
•     Prepayment Penalty

Relocation Policy Tier C 31    Effective April 2017



Non-deductible Expenses
Non-deductible expenses are all relocation expenses that are neither excludable nor deductible. They will be included on your W-2 and are taxable as income. Examples of non-deductible expenses are:
Final trip in route meals and mileage reimbursement over the IRS moving cap
House hunting and Temporary Living Cost
Lease Cancellation
MEA (taxes will be withheld from this payment)
Storage over 30 days
Tax Assistance Payments
Payments for tax assistance are not paid to you. Instead, the payments are calculated and included in your W-2 as withheld taxes. The tax assistance is then submitted to the proper government agencies on your behalf.
Payments Not Eligible for Tax Assistance
The relocation expense payments that are not tax assisted are identified in the appropriate sections of this handbook. You can also refer to the tax summary information table located on the following page.
For those expenses, taxes will be withheld from any reimbursement made to you. The withholding amount is determined using supplemental rates.
Record Keeping
Please note:
You are encouraged to keep records and receipts of all your expenses
A year-end tax reporting statement that will itemize all of your relocation expenses will be prepared and posted to your relocation portal in January following the end of the tax year.
Tax Advice
 
Discovery does not assume responsibility for specific guidance in the matter of filing individual tax returns – this remains your responsibility. You may wish to consult a professional tax advisor for details on the tax implications of your relocation. Along with the seeking the assistance of a professional tax advisor, consider reading the following IRS information guides:
Publication 521 – Moving Expenses
Publication 523 – Tax Information on Selling Your Home
To order these guides or necessary tax forms call 1-800-TAX-FORM. You can also access these forms on the IRS web site: www.irs.ustres.gov


Relocation Policy Tier C 32    Effective April 2017


Tax Summary

Provision
Added to W-2
Taxable Income
Tax Assistance
Buyer Value Option Home Sale on your Old Home
No
No
N/A
Duplicate Housing
Yes
Yes
No 1
Final Move Trip
No
No
Yes 2
Home Finding Trip
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lease Cancellation
Yes
Yes
Yes
MEA
Yes
Yes
No
Movement of Household Goods
No
No
N/A
New Home Closing Costs
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spousal Career Assistance
Yes
Yes
Yes
Storage of Household Goods up to 30 days
No
No
N/A
Storage of Household Goods over 30 days
Yes
Yes
Yes
Temporary Living/Trips Home
Yes
Yes
Yes

1 Interest payments are considered deductible and will not be tax assisted for income taxes.
2 Mileage meeting the IRS excludable mileage cap will not be tax assisted. All mileage reimbursement over the IRS excludable mileage cap is considered taxable income and will be tax assisted. Meals incurred during your move to the new location are taxable income and will be tax assisted.

Relocation Policy Tier C 33    Effective April 2017



A20171231EXHIBIT101IMAGE1A02.JPG
Addendum 1
U.S. Relocation Policy
Relocation Agreement – Tier C/Bands 0-3

This Relocation Agreement must be signed and returned to Discovery Communications, LLC (“Discovery”) before any relocation related expenses are paid and/or reimbursed.

Employee Name: ______________________________________________________________________________
Please Print
New Location: _______________________
Effective Date of Hire/ Transfer: _________________________    Division / Dept.: _______________________
Manager’s Name: _____________________________________
This Agreement is effective as of date signed (the “Effective Date”). It is between Discovery and
_____________________________________________________________ (“Employee”)

As of the Effective Date of this Agreement, Discovery has spent or will spend a sum of money for the purpose of reassigning Employee and Employee’s eligible household members to a new work location.
Employee acknowledges receipt of the Relocation Policy, which is incorporated herein by reference. This Policy sets forth those expenses for which Discovery will either pay on behalf of Employee or reimburse Employee, including, but not limited to:
Shipment, storage, and valuation of household goods and car shipment
Transportation to the new work location
Temporary Housing
Housing (including, but not limited to, costs of accommodations and, if applicable, early termination fees for ending a lease, home sale and/or home purchase expenses, home marketing, duplicate housing)
Departure and Destination Services
Spousal Career Assistance
MEA/Lump Sum Payments
Any potential exceptions for services and payments not specifically referenced in this relocation policy
Employee acknowledges that relocation benefits must be used within twenty-four (24) months from hire date or transfer date.
If Employee resigns from employment, or if Discovery terminates Employee’s employment for “Cause” (defined as misconduct, violation of Discovery policy, or willful failure to perform Employee’s job responsibilities) within the first 24 months after relocation, Employee shall be required to reimburse Discovery the full amount of all of the relocation benefits paid to Employee or on Employee’s behalf to third parties. If Employee is employed pursuant to a fixed-term employment agreement, “resignation” shall mean resignation without Good Reason, and Cause shall be as defined by the applicable employment agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, this repayment obligation shall not apply in the event that Discovery

Relocation Policy Tier C 34    Effective April 2017


terminates Employee’s employment without Cause. Such reimbursement shall be made within thirty (30) days after the effective termination date of employment with Discovery. For the avoidance of doubt, this repayment obligation shall not apply in the event that Discovery terminates Employee’s employment without Cause.

Employee further acknowledges and agrees that nothing in this Relocation Agreement is intended to create a contract of, or guarantee of, employment by Discovery.
Any unpaid balance of monies owed to Discovery may be deducted from Employee’s final payroll checks, if legally allowable, or from any other payments Employee receives from Discovery, including without limitation, for unused vacation. If the amount of money due to Employee is insufficient to fully reimburse Discovery, Employee will pay the additional amount required for full reimbursement.
Further, Employee confirms that neither he/she nor any other members of Employee’s household is receiving relocation benefits from any other company or source. Employee acknowledges and agrees that any relocation benefits paid by Discovery would be subject to reduction, if Employee or any member of Employee’s household receives relocation benefits from another source.
The employee agrees to follow and comply with all conditions of this policy.
AUTHORIZATION AND ROUTING:

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Employee’s Signature        Date Signed

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Discovery Signature         Date Signed


Note: Relocation benefits will not be processed without a signed Relocation Agreement. Please sign and return this document to your Human Resources Representative (HRM).


Relocation Policy Tier C 35    Effective April 2017
Exhibit 10.2

A20171231EXHIBIT102IMAGE1.JPG













Global Mobility
Standard Company-Initiated
Permanent International Transfer
Relocation Benefits


Discovery Global Mobility









Effective 2012 – updated October 2014




Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 1




Contents

Benefits Summary
4
Introduction
5
Congratulations!
5
International Relocation Counselor
5
Planning
5
General Terms and Conditions
6
Definitions
6
Eligibility
6
Eligible Family Members
6
Letter of Understanding
6
Relocation Repayment Agreement
6
Confidentiality
6
Personal Data Protection
7
Interpretation & Changes in Policy
7
Effective Date
7
Transfer Effective Date
7
Exceptions
7
Visa, Immigration, and Inoculations
8
Compensation & Benefits
8
Compensation
8
Benefits
8
Vacation
8
Company Holidays
8
Social Security
8
Retirement Benefits
8
Healthcare
8
Other insurances
8
Move days
8
Expense Reimbursement
9
Relocation Expenses
9
Travel Benefits
10
Discovery Travel Services
10
Pre-Acceptance Trip
10
Final Trip
10
Housing and Transportation Services
11
Home Owners Assistance
11
Lease Breakage
11
Loss on Car Sale
11
Temporary Living
12


Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 2



Origination Country Pre Departure and Hiring Country Post Arrival
12
Short-Stay Accommodations
12
Transportation
12
Moving Household Goods
13
Personal Belongings
13
Shipping Household Goods
13
Storage
13
Destination Services Benefits
14
Settling-In Program
14
Home finding Services
14
Language Training
14
Spouse or Partner Career Counseling
14
Mail Forwarding Service
14
Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA)
15
Taxation
15
Tax Consultation Benefit
15
Tax Gross Up
15
Resignation
16
Voluntary Resignation
16
Involuntary Resignation Redundancy or Not for Cause
16
Involuntary Resignation for Cause
16
Appendix A
17
IRS Code Section 409A Compliance
17
Definitions
18








Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 3



Benefits Summary
 
Permanent Transfer (Company Initiated)
Family Eligible to Accompany Employee on Assignment
Yes
Immigration Benefits
 
Immigration Authorized
Yes
Benefits (Home/Host or Hiring Country)
 
Compensation
Hiring
Benefits
Hiring
Vacation
Hiring
Company Holidays
Hiring
Social Security
Hiring
Retirement
Hiring
Healthcare
Hiring
Other Insurances
Hiring
Move days (3 days off from work post relocation)
Yes
EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT BENEFIT
 
Expense Reimbursement Service (Relocation provider)
Yes
TRAVEL BENEFITS
 
Pre-Acceptance trip
Yes
Assignment Trip
Yes -employee and family
Housing and Transportation Services
 
Lease Breakage
Yes
Loss on Sale of Vehicle
Yes
Temporary Living
 
Temporary Living
Yes - 60 days
Temporary Transportation
Yes, Reimbursement of public transportation or car rental expense for 30 days
Moving Household Goods
 
Household Goods Shipment (Surface)
Yes
In -Transit Storage
Yes
Air Shipment
Yes
Excess Baggage
Yes
Destination Services Benefits
 
Settling-in Services
Yes
Home Finding
Yes
Language Training
Yes
Spouse/Partner Career Counseling
Yes
Mail Forwarding Service
Yes
Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA)
Yes
TAX BENEFITS
 
Tax Counseling/Preparation Assistance
Yes
Number of Years
assignment-related compensation- year of or following transfer
Tax Gross UP
Yes, on relocation expenses





Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 4



Introduction
Congratulations!

Congratulations on your upcoming Permanent International Relocation  with Discovery. This is an exciting and challenging time for you as you prepare for your move. We are looking forward to making this process as stress-free as possible!
 

This policy provides you with benefits to offset some of your expenses associated with your relocation.
 
Throughout your relocation there are numerous personal, legal and tax issues to be considered. Making well-informed decisions requires an understanding of Discovery’s relocation policy and your role in the process. Please take the time to read this policy carefully as you are responsible for understanding and adhering to policy guidelines.

If there is a change to the assignment length, whether an extension of or a reduction in time, it is important to contact your manager, Human Resources Management, and the Discovery Global Mobility team immediately.

International Relocation Counselor
            
Discovery has partnered with Relocation provider Relocation (Relocation provider) to assist you in coordinating all aspects of your relocation. Upon receiving relocation authorization from Discovery, Relocation provider will assign a dedicated International Relocation Counselor who will be your primary point of contact throughout your move. Your Counselor will navigate you through the relocation process and answer any questions.

Immigration and tax vendors may also be engaged to assist you in coordinating aspects of your relocation.

Planning

Discovery encourages you to become fully involved in your relocation and to work closely with the professionals who have been made available to you. The more actively you participate and provide information, the more effectively Relocation provider and others can serve and assist you. Planning a move with a clear understanding of this policy will also help to avoid unpleasant surprises. The most successful moves are those that are well planned.


Best wishes for a successful relocation!


This policy is not an employment offer or employment contract or a guaranty of continued employment. The company’s decisions regarding the application and interpretation of the relocation policy are final. Discovery also reserves the right to change or cancel all or any part of these benefits at any time.















Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 5



General Terms and Conditions
Definitions
A Permanent International Relocation  means you have accepted employment in a Discovery office or location other than your origination country. You will be treated as a local national. For example,
An individual living in London is hired to fill a job that exists in the United States as a regular full time “permanent” employee. There is no assignment end date under this policy. International moves are considered a permanent transfer to where the job is located.
You will be placed on the local payroll, pay local taxes and social taxes, and be eligible for local benefits. You will also have the responsibilities and privileges of local employees. You will no longer receive a salary based on your origination country, no longer receive a payroll, benefits or have taxes deducted from your origination country and no longer contribute social taxes to origination country.
The use of the term “permanent” is not intended to guarantee or promise permanent employment with the company. If you are involuntarily terminated, not “For Cause”, during the first year of the transfer the Company may provide limited repatriation benefits to the origination country.
If you are a Discovery employee, not a new hire, prior service with Discovery may be counted towards any benefits or programs based on years of service. Service credit applies to actively employed Discovery employees at the time of the transfer. Former employees applying for re-employment with the company will be subject to Discovery’s policies on bridging of prior service and may not be eligible for service credit.
Eligibility
You are eligible for assistance described in this policy, if:
a)     You are a current, full-time employee, or a new hire, and
b)     You and your immediate family member(s) (e.g., spouse/partner and children or legal dependents residing with you) are requested to relocate by Discovery and are designated as eligible to receive these benefits
If you are receiving any relocation benefits through a third party such as your previous employer or via your spouse/partner, you are required to disclose this information to Discovery. Discovery, at its sole discretion, may offset or withdraw any or all benefits for your relocation.
Eligible Family Members

For Permanent International Relocation  you may be eligible to be reimbursed for qualifying expenses of any eligible family member who accompanies you.
 
Eligible Family Member  – for purposes of accompanying you on an assignment or permanent transfer, eligible family includes your:
    current spouse (including a common law spouse according to applicable law) or domestic partner;
    any child age eighteen or under who is in your legal custody or the custody of your accompanying spouse or domestic partner and who depends upon you for financial support;
    any unmarried son or daughter up to age twenty-five who is a registered full-time student working toward a degree.

Letter of Understanding

Terms of employment will be documented in a Letter of Understanding. The relocation process will not start until the necessary approvals are received and the employment letter is signed and returned. You must sign and return the Letter of Understanding   to Discovery before any relocation services can start and any payments can be processed.

Relocation Repayment Agreement
Relocating an employee requires a substantial commitment by Discovery. Therefore, if you should elect to voluntarily terminate your employment with Discovery during the 12-month period immediately following your effective start date in the new location, you will be required to repay Discovery all third-party costs incurred by the Company. You must also sign and return a Relocation Repayment Agreement  to Discovery before any relocation services can start and any payments can be processed.
Confidentiality




In order for our vendors to administer the provisions of this policy, Discovery provides certain employee information to vendors such as base salary, tax information or information regarding family members, should they be authorized to accompany you. Our vendors and their employees are obligated to maintain the confidentiality of your personal information and use it only for the purposes set forth in the policy.


Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 6



Personal Data Protection

You should be aware that privacy laws in many countries may differ significantly from those in your origination country. These variations may impose legal requirements and/or limitations on the access, processing, and transfer of personal data (yours and others) while you are on assignment. Consult with your hiring Human Resources Management for more information.
Interpretation & Changes in Policy
This policy establishes the criteria for receiving payment or reimbursement for your assignment expenses. Expense limits and payment guidelines are established by the Global Mobility Department. This document provides most of the information you will need to know about the Discovery Long Term Assignment policy. However, Discovery reserves the right to end, suspend or amend this policy at any time without notice. Further, Discovery retains the ultimate discretionary authority to establish and interpret the provisions of this policy and determine eligibility for benefits.

Effective Date


Transfer Effective Date

This policy describes the provisions of the Discovery Relocation Policy effective as of September 2011. It replaces all relocation policies and materials issued prior to that date.
The effective start date of your permanent transfer is determined by your business unit. Your effective start date is the day you depart from your origination country.
Exceptions

Any deviations from this policy must be requested in writing by completion of the Discovery Exception Request form. Relocation Exception Request forms can be requested from your International Relocation Counselor. Exception Request forms should be completed and submitted to Relocation provider’s International Relocation Counselor and Relocation provider will submit the form to Discovery Global Mobility for consideration. Discovery Global Mobility has the sole discretion to approve any exception requests prior to any reimbursement. Requests for exceptions after you have incurred expenses may not be eligible for reimbursement. Neither your manager nor division head has the authority to grant any exceptions to this policy.   



Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 7



Visa, Immigration, and Inoculations
 
If you need immigration support or inoculations for your long term assignment Discovery will arrange and pay for the cost of your visa application, including your work visa. Discovery will arrange and pay for the cost of your immediate family members’ visas as necessary. Discovery does not arrange work visas for spouses or partners. Discovery will reimburse you for inoculations required for travel to the hiring location. You and your authorized accompanying eligible family members must pass all medical examinations that the hiring country requires as a condition for providing required visas, work permits, or both. Reimbursable expenses include:
    Visa photos
    Travel to and from the embassies/consulates for filing and obtaining immigration approval. If necessary, reasonable meals and hotel costs will be included
    Inoculations required for travel to hiring country
Compensation & Benefits
Compensation
You will be placed on the hiring country payroll system and your compensation will be based on the local country compensation standards (base salary and bonus target). The performance metrics for your annual bonus will be based on your new position, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the applicable bonus plan.

 
Benefits

Hiring country terms and conditions apply for benefits. The Discovery Benefits team will contact you to review the hiring country’s benefit plans.

 
Vacation
Hiring country terms and conditions apply for vacation.

 
Company Holidays

Hiring country terms and conditions company holidays.
 
Social Security

Hiring country terms and conditions apply for country contributions.
 
Retirement Benefits

Hiring country terms and conditions apply for retirement benefits systems.
 
Healthcare

Hiring country terms and conditions apply for your healthcare.

 
Other insurances

Hiring country terms and conditions apply for any other.
 
Move days
You are allowed three days off from work post relocation to attend to home finding, settling in and manage the delivery of household goods. This benefit is to be agreed upon with your HRM and hiring manager.
 
 
 








Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 8



Expense Reimbursement
Relocation Expenses
Discovery has partnered with a relocation provider to assist you with administering the reimbursement of reasonable, necessary and properly authorized expenses covered under this policy. If you have questions about this process, please contact your relocation provider relocation consultant.
You are expected to manage expenses at a conservative level and to be familiar with which expenses are reimbursable and which are not. You will receive additional information on reimbursable expenses under this policy. The Company, at its discretion, may choose not to reimburse, in full or in part, an expense that is deemed unreasonable or excessive. All expenses, unless otherwise specified, must be in accordance with Discovery’s policies. Receipts are required for all reimbursable expenses.   Credit card statements cannot be used in lieu of receipts.

 
It is important to remember:
    Relocation expenses are separate and distinct from business expenses
    Business travel and entertainment expenses should be incurred and submitted in accordance with the Travel and Entertainment policy
     YOU MUST NOT USE YOUR DISCOVERY CORPORATE CREDIT CARD FOR ANY RELOCATION EXPENSES. If you do incur a relocation-related expense on your corporate credit card in error, you should reconcile it as a personal expense on the corporate card and then separately submit for reimbursement under the relocation expense process
    You should keep records and original receipts of all expenses, as this will assist in the completion of origination and hiring country tax returns at year-end
    Cash payment may not be substituted or exchanged for any specific benefit.
    Any unused benefits are not interchangeable for or may not be replaced by any other benefits or cash monetary value
    All requests for reimbursements must be submitted on or prior to the last day of the taxable year following the taxable year in which such expenses were incurred. Please note: tax years may vary by country. Please seek further guidance from your tax advisor

If you have questions about this process, please contact your Relocation provider relocation consultant.



Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 9



Travel Benefits
Discovery Travel Services
All travel arrangements must be booked through Discovery’s Travel Services Department per Discovery’s Travel and Entertainment Policy.
Please note: this relocation policy governs in conjunction with Entity Level Control Policy Manual ELCPM 130 – 1 Corporate Travel and Entertainment Policy.
Pre-Acceptance Trip
Prior to accepting an offer of employment, Discovery may  provide you and your spouse/partner (no children, family members or other relatives) one trip, not to exceed 7 days including travel time, to the hiring location to tour the area, view housing options, and meet with local school officials (if necessary).

Discovery may reimburse pre-acceptance trip expenses including:
    Airfare per Discovery Travel and Entertainment Policy in effect at the time. Class of travel for your spouse/partner is based on the class of travel for which you are eligible and in line with Discovery travel policy in effect at that time
    Hotel room rates per travel policy
    Taxi/rental car will be reimbursed to eligible trip participants
    Actual meal expenses will be reimbursed after submission of receipts per Discovery travel policy.

Approval of this trip is determined solely at the discretion of the Company based on needs and circumstances.

Final Trip
Discovery will reimburse assignment trip expenses including:
    A one-way airfare per Discovery travel policy in effect at the time. Class of travel for family to be the same as yours in line with DCL travel policy in effect at that time
    Reasonable hotel and taxi for the final trip from the origination location to the hiring location (per Discovery travel policy)
    Excess checked baggage fees for two additional bags beyond the number of bags permitted without charge by the airline (four additional bags if you are traveling with family members).
    Actual meal expenses will be reimbursed after submission of receipts. The allowable daily amounts are based on Discovery travel policy. Children under 18 are reimbursed up to 50% of the allowable daily amounts
If you are in need of temporary housing or short stay accommodations, please refer to the Temporary Living section for meal allowances and payments.

 









Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 10



Housing and Transportation Services
Home Owners Assistance
All home ownership costs related to purchase, sale, or operation of an owned residence in the country of employment will be your responsibility. Discovery recognizes no responsibility for losses on housing purchased at the hiring location, whether those losses are a result of market conditions, exchange rate fluctuations, or any other causes. Discovery will not reimburse closing costs of either purchase or sale. In addition, should the purchase of housing increase your tax liability in the assignment location, you will be responsible for the increased cost.

Lease Breakage
If you are a renter, it is your responsibility to provide the landlord with the proper and required notification to terminate the lease per the lease agreement. Lease breakage costs may be reimbursed only if you are not able to provide the required advance notification. If a lease termination penalty is incurred, you may be reimbursed only for the required amount up to a maximum of 3 months normal rent. A copy of the original lease and proof of payment is required for reimbursement.

Loss on Car Sale
Loss on the sale of vehicle(s) owned by you is provided for up to 2 vehicles and capped at USD
$2500/1 car and USD $5,000/2 cars (or home-country currency equivalent at current exchange rates). You may be reimbursed for the difference between the documented appraised value vs. actual sale amount not to exceed the maximum amounts noted.
Generally, automobiles will not be transported to the hiring country. However, the shipment of an employee’s car may be provided if you are relocating within or intra-country.
 
 























Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 11



Temporary Living
Origination Country Pre Departure and Hiring Country Post Arrival


















If needed, Discovery provides temporary living accommodations to employees in their origination country and/or hiring country. Temporary corporate housing is provided through Discovery approved properties.
Corporate housing provides and offers:
    Fully furnished apartments including linens, telephone service and television. The size of the apartment will be in line with the family size, not to exceed 3 bedrooms
o     Costs for corporate housing will include utilities, internet access, weekly housekeeping, crib costs, and one parking space, if applicable
o     Telephone charges and other incidentals will be at your expense
o     Discovery provides up to sixty (60) days of temporary living accommodations in any combination depending on your needs
For Example:
An employee may not need temporary housing in the origination country, but may need 60 days of housing in the hiring country. Or alternatively, an employee may need 30 days of housing in the origination country and 30 days in the hiring country.
    You may use any combination of the temporary housing benefit between the origination and hiring country, not to exceed a total of 30 days.
    If you are in corporate housing with a kitchen, Goods and Services allowances, if applicable, will be implemented effective with your assignment start date
    If corporate housing is not available or is not available with a kitchen, Discovery will reimburse reasonable meals expenses based on Discovery travel policy. Children under 18 are reimbursed up to 50% of the allowable daily amounts
Short-Stay Accommodations
Only if corporate housing is not available, you may be authorized up to 2 weeks of lodging accommodation in the origination and/or hiring country in a Discovery preferred hotel.
    The daily hotel rate cannot exceed the Discovery travel policy maximum hotel rate
    If you stay in a hotel, Discovery will reimburse reasonable meals expenses based on Discovery travel policy. Children under 18 are reimbursed up to 50% of the allowable daily amounts
Transportation

Car rental, car service, and public transportation costs to and from work may be approved on an as needed basis for up to 30 days. Rental car arrangement will exclude gas, maintenance, and insurance. In locations where public transportation is customary, the Company may reimburse costs of public transportation.










Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 12



Moving Household Goods
Personal Belongings
Discovery may provide an air shipment in addition to shipment of household goods. The air shipment is based on family size (300 pounds per adult, 100 pound per child).
 
 
Shipping Household Goods
Discovery may provide a shipment of Household Goods (HHG) as follows:
    Single Employee: one (1) 20 foot container (or equivalent in cubic feet/meters)
    Employee plus spouse/partner: one (1) 40 foot container (or equivalent in cubic feet/meters)
    Family: one (1) 40 foot container (or equivalent in cubic feet/meters)
Moving expense will only apply for moving HHG from the main residence in the origination country to the main residence in the hiring country. Delivery of HHG should be arranged for business days to avoid additional charges. Should circumstances require a weekend delivery schedule, please contact your Relocation provider International Counselor.
 The following goods and services are not covered:
    Appliances
    Picking up or dropping off furnishings of secondary homes or items in storage
    Shipment of hazardous materials such as explosives, chemicals, flammable materials, firearms, garden chemicals
    Shipment of hot tubs/spas, sheds, above ground pools
    Valuables such as jewelry, currency, dissertations or publishable papers, and other collectibles or items of extraordinary value
    Removal, disassembling or installation of carpeting, drapery rods, storage sheds or other permanent fixtures
    Shipment of boats, recreational vehicles and unusually heavy or cumbersome hobby materials
    Pickups or deliveries at any location other than your primary residence
    Special packing or transportation of frozen foods, plants, wine collections or other perishables
    Moving or shipping items such as trees, shrubs, construction materials, firewood, livestock and other non-domestic and domestic animals
    Tips or other gratuities to the moving company’s employees
    Any services performed by you, your dependents or relatives
    Special charges associated with assembly or disassembly of personal furnishings (exclusive of beds), antiques, specialty items, satellite dish/antennae, swing sets, patio furniture or other outdoor fixtures
    No unpacking assistance (organizing, maid, hanging, fixing to walls, etc.) will be covered by Discovery; assembly of items that had to be disassembled before shipping will be covered
    Costs to board, ship and quarantine pets is not covered under the relocation policy. However, Relocation provider Relocation can provide recommendations for pet transportation services.

Storage

Storage of goods will be provided as needed up to a total maximum of 60 days in the hiring country and/or in the origination country during the hotel and/or temporary housing stay period of time. You may use any combination of the storage benefit between the origination and hiring country, not to exceed a total of 60 days.
You should be aware that not all household goods can be transported internationally due to limitations in the hiring country, and may require long term storage at your expense.





Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 13



Destination Services Benefits
Settling-In Program
Discovery may sponsor a two-day program in the hiring country using a preferred Discovery vendor. Settling-in services may include assistance for the employee and spouse/partner with the following as needed:
    Emergency procedures (police, emergency room, walk-in ambulatory care procedures)
    Local government registration, if applicable
    Banking & school registration assistance
    Driver license/auto registration, plus explanation of auto insurance
    Shopping fundamentals (grocery, appliance, furniture stores)
    Medical facility(s) options (doctor visits, medical insurance process)
    Community referrals (doctors, dentists, insurance agents, etc.)
    Network into international community (clubs, organizations)
    Recreation/leisure options & places of worship
    Rental Furniture assistance, if needed

Home finding Services

Discovery may authorize home finding services administered in conjunction with your destination services.

Language Training
Language training may be provided as approved by Discovery during the initial year of transfer for you and your authorized accompanying family members.
Relocation provider Relocation will assist you with coordination of these benefits, if applicable

Spouse or Partner Career Counseling
Discovery may provide counseling or out placement services for working spouses/partners during the initial year of the transfer using Discovery preferred vendors (maximum USD $5,000 or home-country currency equivalent).
Spouse/partner transition assistance will help the accompanying spouse/partner acclimate to the hiring country/area. Services are based on a needs assessment, the hiring country visa requirements, the spouse/partner’s objectives, and a personalized action plan. If applicable, work options are evaluated or career enhancement alternatives are identified if visa restrictions apply. Support can be provided for job search, pursuing education, training, volunteer opportunities or other career development pursuits.

Mail Forwarding Service
You may be eligible for reimbursement of a mail forwarding service for the first three months following your transfer.



Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 14



Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA)
A Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA) is provided for incidentals not covered by the relocation policy. The following expenses and services, if required, are not eligible for reimbursement and are expected to be paid by the employee from the Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA):

    Boarding or shipment of pets
    Appliances including TVs or electrical items that cannot transfer to a foreign country
    Replacement appliances, if applicable
    Extra pickup/drop off of household goods
    Excess shipping or special packing costs, duty tax
    Long term storage
    Replacement automobile(s)
    Driver’s licenses
    Telephone costs
    Extended temporary housing above relocation policy limits
    Additional tax consultation services above and outside relocation policy limits

The MEA is based on one (1) month of hiring location base pay not to exceed USD $25,000 (or hiring-country currency equivalent at current exchange rates) excluding any commission, bonus, incentive pay, or other allowances. This payment is subject to applicable tax withholdings. This payment is not tax protected or eligible for tax gross up and is paid net of any wage or income taxes.
Taxation

Tax Consultation Benefit

Discovery provides a tax consultation with a designated accounting firm benefit during your first year of transfer and reimburses for tax consultation and filing fees related to your relocation. It is your responsibility to work with the designated accounting firm so that you are aware of all applicable tax implications as a result of your relocation. You are responsible for submitting any required tax filings and any associated payments.
    The tax consultation benefit is only provided for tax services related to you and your relocation between the origination country and the hiring country. Tax advice is for the employee only and spouses are not covered under this benefit
    The designated accounting firm will be paid on your behalf up to the maximum benefit authorized
    Any tax advisor services that are in excess of the authorized allowance will be your responsibility
This benefit will be provided for each year in which you receive assignment-related compensation. You will be notified the specifics of the allowance and the accounting firm prior to the start of your relocation.
Tax Gross Up
If you are taxed on relocation benefits in the origination or hiring country, Discovery may offset the additional tax burden on those items deemed imputed income in accordance with governing tax laws. For example, in the US an employee may receive an imputed income that is taxable for benefits received during the relocation process.
Discovery will provide this benefit to you in the year immediately following the transfer year and once tax returns have been filed and completed. This benefit payment is grossed up for taxes. Any additional taxes due will be at your expense.





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Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 15



Resignation
Voluntary Resignation
If you voluntarily resign, you will forfeit all benefits and your visas may be revoked.
Voluntary resignation also may violate the Relocation Agreement and subject you to reimburse Discovery for some of the costs incurred by Discovery in your assignment (MEA, relocation expenses, and travel expenses). Any visa(s) contingent on continued employment by Discovery may be revoked.
Under no circumstance will benefits be provided in the event of a voluntary termination to accept a new position outside of Discovery.
Involuntary Resignation Redundancy or Not for Cause
If you are terminated within the first six months of transfer due to a job redundancy, reduction in force, job elimination or for any other reason except “For Cause,” benefits may include:
    Lease breakage up to three months
    Tax services for year of transfer for Discovery-related compensation
    Any severance benefits will be in accordance with the Discovery policy that is in effect at that time
Any visa(s) contingent on continued employment by Discovery may be revoked.
You have four (4) weeks to notify Discovery of your intent to use relocation benefits and you will have up to six (6) months from your termination date to use this benefit, subject to visa requirements.
Involuntary Resignation for Cause

If you are terminated for Cause as defined by Discovery policy, you are not eligible for benefits except as may be required by law. This may require you to remit payment for costs incurred for your relocation. Discovery sponsored visas may be revoked.
 “For Cause” shall mean the commission of any of the following acts in Discovery’s sole determination:
    the conviction of, or nolo contendere or guilty plea, to a felony (whether any right to appeal has been or may be exercised)
    conduct constituting embezzlement, material misappropriation or fraud, whether or not related to employee’s employment with the Company
    conduct constituting a financial crime, material act of dishonesty or conduct in violation of Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
    improper conduct substantially prejudicial to the Company’s business or reputation
    willful unauthorized disclosure or use of Company confidential information
    material improper destruction of Company property
    willful misconduct in connection with the performance of your duties
    conduct inconsistent with the general policies and practices of the Company

 
 



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Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 16




Appendix A

IRS Code Section 409A Compliance
Although Discovery does not guarantee any particular tax treatment relating to the benefits provided under this Relocation Policy, it is intended that such payments and benefits be exempt from, or comply with, U.S. Tax Code Section 409A. All taxable expenses or other reimbursements under the this policy shall be payable in accordance with Discovery's policies in effect from time to time, but in any event shall be made on or prior to the last day of the taxable year following the taxable year in which such expenses were incurred by or on behalf of, and no such reimbursement or expenses eligible for reimbursement in any taxable year shall in any way affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year.  The right to such expenses and reimbursements shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, payment, or reimbursement.




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Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 17



Definitions
Accompanied – The employee is accompanied if the business has authorized an eligible family member to travel with the employee at company expense to the host location.
Assignment Letter – A document prepared by Global Mobility that outlines the authorized benefits, allowances, and terms and conditions of the assignment.
Base Salary – The regular compensation, determined by the business, that the employee receives as part of the regular salary payment to do the job required within the hours agreed excluding shift, overtime, bonuses, allowances, premiums, and benefits.
Designated Accounting Firm (DAF) – The firm Discovery selects to provide the employee with tax services while on assignment.
Designated Cost-of-Living Data Firm (DCF) – The firm Discovery selects to provide cost-of-living data, including goods and services, transportation, and housing allowances.
Designated Relocation Firm (designated relocation firm) – The firm Discovery selects to provide the employee with relocation and destination services.
Eligible Family Member – for purposes of accompanying the employee on an assignment or relocation, eligible family includes the:
current spouse (including a common law spouse according to host country law) or domestic partner;
any child age eighteen or under who is in the legal custody or the custody of the accompanying spouse or domestic partner and who depends upon the employee for financial support;
any unmarried son or daughter through age twenty-five who is a registered full-time student working toward a degree.
Emergency Medical Services Firm – The firm Discovery selects to provide the employee and the authorized accompanying Eligible Family Members with medical assistance, including referrals, hospital admittance assistance, and evacuation when medically necessary. The employee qualifies for such services when the employee is on assignment or international business travel.
Global Mobility – The corporate organization that administers international assignments and relocations.
Home Location and Host Location – The home location is the point of origin from which we hire the employee and from which the employee transfer. The host location is any location in any other country where the employee works.
Immediate Family – For purposes of emergency leave, the immediate family includes the:
parents, including step parents or an individual who stood in place of a parent to the employee when the employee was a child;
current spouse (including a common law spouse according to host country law) or domestic partner;
children, step children, and their current spouses;
siblings, step siblings, half siblings, and their current spouses;
grandparents, step grandparents, grandchildren, and step grandchildren;
current spouse’s or domestic partner’s parents (as defined above), grandparents, step grandparents, children, step children, grandchildren, and step grandchildren;
current spouse’s or domestic partner’s siblings, step siblings, half siblings and their current spouses.


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Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 18



Incidental Expenses – Laundry; dry cleaning; and fees and tips given to porters, baggage carriers, bellhops, and hotel maids.
International Assignment Request (IAR) – The system the business uses to initiate the international assignment and to establish the compensation and relocation package for such assignment.
Letter of Understanding – An agreement letter signed by the employee acknowledging the terms and conditions outlined in the Assignment Letter.
Partner – Meets a) the requirements of a domestic partner in the home location for purposes of establishing benefit-related entitlements under Discovery’s compensation and benefit guidelines, and b) the legal requirements of a domestic partner in the host location for purposes of immigration as an accompanying partner.
Point of Origin – The city and home country of primary residence in which the employee resides when selected for the assignment, or the city and country determined by the business if the employee is selected for the assignment while outside of the home country.
Reasonable – While a precise definition of "reasonable" is not possible, by applying sound business judgment to various indicators–such as economy, business objectives, facts and circumstances, necessity, and availability of alternatives–an opinion can be formed as to the action or cost a prudent person could have reasonably been expected to take or incur under similar circumstances.
Relocation Repayment Agreement – An agreement letter between Discovery and the employee whereby the employee acknowledges and agrees to the circumstances under which the employee is responsible for repayment of the relocation.
Unaccompanied – The employee is unaccompanied if an eligible family member authorized to travel with the employee at company expense to the host location does not accompany the employee.





Standard Company-Initiated Permanent International Transfer

Relocation Benefits- Effective 2012    Page 19

Exhibit 10.3
                                    






Discovery Communications

International Relocation Benefits

International Relocation
Effective June 1, 2017


















        
        






 
Permanent Relocation
 
 
Core Benefits include:
 
 
Immigration
 
 
Eligible Dependents May Accompany You
 
 
Transportation To Destination & Excess Baggage
 
 
Air Shipment of Personal Belongings & Household Goods
 
 
Corporate Housing
-      Furnished accommodation upon arrival for up to 60 days
 
 
Destination Services
-      Help setting up your life: finding a home, schools and even the little things like getting your mail forwarded!
 
 
Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA)
-      Fixed lump sum to help defray expenses outside the relocation package
 
 
Tax Counseling, Tax Services & Tax Assistance
-      Limited to assignment-related benefits only
 
FLEXIBLE BENEFITS AVAILABLE such as:
Pre-Acceptance and Home Finding trips
Language and Cultural training
Spousal Assistance

International Permanent Relocation
2



        
        

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
3
Introduction
5
How to Use This Guide
5
International Relocation Counselor
5
Planning
6
Defining your Benefit
7
Your Benefit Package
7
Counting Years of Prior Service for Current Company Employees
7
General Terms and Conditions
8
Eligibility
8
Eligible Dependents
8
Confidentiality
8
Personal Data Protection
9
Interpretation & Changes in Benefits
9
Effective Date
9
Assignment/Transfer Effective Date
9
Exceptions
9
Letter of Understanding
9
Relocation Repayment Agreement
10
Acknowledgement of Notice of Impact Statement
10
Compensation & Benefits
10
Compensation, Benefits, Vacation, Social Security, Retirement, and Company Holidays
10
Healthcare Coverage
10
Business Travel
11
Move Days
11
Core Relocation Benefits
12
Expense Reimbursement Benefit
12
Visa, Immigration, and Inoculations Benefits
13
Travel Benefits
14
Company Travel Services
14
Assignment Trip/Final Trip
14
Temporary Living Pre-Departure & Post-Arrival
15
Corporate Housing
15
Short-Stay Accommodations
15
Furniture Rental Option
15
Interim Transportation Pre-Departure & Post-Arrival
15
Moving Household Goods
16
Air Shipment of Personal Goods
16
Shipping Household Goods
16
Furniture Allowance in Lieu of Shipment of Household Goods Option
17
Surface Shipment in Lieu of Air Shipment Option
17

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In-Transit Storage
17
Destination Services Benefits
17
Home-Finding & Settling-In Services Program
17
Mail Forwarding Service
18
Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA)
18
Tax Benefits
19
Tax Counseling/Tax Return Preparation
19
Tax Gross-Up Benefit
19
IRS Code Section 409A Compliance
20
Flexible Benefits
21
Pre-Acceptance Trip
21
Home-Finding Trip
21
Lease Breakage
22
Loss on Sale of Vehicle
22
Cultural Training
22
Language Training
22
Spouse or Partner Career Counseling
22
School Search for Accompanying Dependents
22
Resignation & Termination
23
Voluntary Resignation Personal Hardship
23
Voluntary Resignation
23
Involuntary Termination Not for Cause
23
Termination for Cause
24
Definitions
25







International Permanent Relocation
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Introduction
Congratulations! You are off on an exciting adventure and we want to help prepare you for what’s ahead. This guide is designed to educate you about benefits to offset some of your expenses associated with your assignment or relocation. Please be aware that the guide provides a general summary of benefits. A more complete description of your benefits and the terms under which they are provided will be in a Letter of Understanding, specifically drafted for you.

We want you to feel supported, inspired and motivated to perform at your best – because it’s only together that we can ignite curiosity in audiences in every corner of the globe.

There are numerous personal, legal and tax issues that may need to be considered with this amazing opportunity. Making well-informed decisions requires an understanding of your benefits and your role in the process.

This guide is an explanation of benefits related to assignments and relocation; it is not an employment offer or employment contract or a guarantee of continued employment. The Company’s decisions regarding the application and interpretation of the relocation benefits are final and the Company reserves the right to change or cancel all or any part of these benefits at any time.

How to Use This Guide

Throughout this explanation of benefits look for this icon to make the most of these awesome benefits and services. Let us know if you need any help along the way!


FIRST REQUIRED ACTION
Please take the time to read this guide carefully as you are responsible for understanding and adhering to guidelines. We want to deliver on our promise of being a great place to work, and we’ll need your help.

International Relocation Counselor
Discovery (“the Company”) has relocation vendors to assist you in coordinating aspects of your relocation. Upon receiving relocation authorization from the Company, the selected vendor will assign a dedicated International Relocation Counselor (“counselor”) who will be your primary point of contact throughout your move. Your counselor will navigate you through the relocation process and answer any questions. The section below on Expense Reimbursement Benefit explains how to work with your counselor to make the most of this benefit.

Immigration and tax vendors may also be engaged to assist you in coordinating these aspects of your relocation, if necessary. If your move requires immigration or tax services, the Company will assist you.





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Planning
The Company encourages you to become fully involved in your relocation and to work closely with the professionals hired to help you. The more actively you participate the more effectively the relocation vendors can assist you. Planning a move with a clear understanding of these benefits will also help to avoid unpleasant surprises. The most successful moves are those that are well planned.

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Defining your Benefit                            
The Company provides a suite of CORE relocation and assignment benefits. Examples of core benefits are immigration, transportation to your destination, and tax services. Depending on the circumstances and business case, you may also receive some FLEXIBLE benefits. At the start of your assignment or transfer, you will receive a Letter of Understanding outlining the specific benefits you will receive.

Your Benefit Package
A Permanent (or Indefinite) International Relocation benefit package is available for new hires and for current employees.

If you are newly hired by the Company, the benefit package will help move you and your goods from your point of origin or home location to your new place of employment with the Company.

If you are a current employee, the Permanent Relocation benefits are available if you are a permanent or indefinite country re-assignment – in other words, you have accepted employment in a Company office or location other than your home country. The relocation benefit package will help move you and your goods from your point of origin or home location to your new place of employment with the Company.

For current employees permanently transferred under a country reassignment, note:
You will be treated as a local national in your hiring country for purposes of compensation, taxes and benefits
You will be placed on local payroll, pay local taxes, social taxes and be eligible for local benefits
You will no longer receive payroll, benefits or have taxes deducted from your previous location
You will have the responsibilities and privileges of local employees
The use of the term “permanent” or “indefinite” is not intended to guarantee or promise permanent employment with the Company.


Counting Years of Prior Service for Current Company Employees
If you are currently a Company employee with prior service, (not newly hired), prior service with the Company may be counted towards any benefits or programs based on years of service. Service credit applies to actively employed Company employees at the time of the transfer. Former employees applying for re-employment with the Company will be subject to Company policies on bridging of prior service and may not be eligible for service credit.

ACTION REQUIRED: If you have unused accrued vacation time, or have questions on your Incentive Compensation Plan (ICP), bonus, commission or equity, please consult your HRM to determine how it will be delivered.

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General Terms and Conditions
Eligibility
You are eligible for assistance described if:
a)
You are a current, full-time employee, or a new hire, and
b)
You are requested to relocate by the Company and are designated as eligible to receive these benefits
c)
You qualify for immigration support in the host country, if necessary
If you are receiving any relocation benefits through a third party such as your previous employer or via your spouse/partner, you are required to disclose this information to the Company. The Company, at its sole discretion, may offset or withdraw any or all benefits for your relocation.

Eligible Dependents
For certain assignments longer than 183 days you may be eligible to be reimbursed for qualifying expenses of any eligible dependent who accompanies you.
Eligible Dependents– For purposes of accompanying you on an assignment or relocation, eligible dependents include your:
current spouse (including a common-law spouse according to applicable law) or domestic partner
any child age 18 or under who is in your legal custody or the custody of your accompanying spouse or domestic partner and who depends upon you for financial support
any unmarried son or daughter up to age 25 who is a registered full-time student working toward a degree, who qualifies for immigration support

Confidentiality
Vendors may be based outside of your home country and/or the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and therefore personal data may be processed or transferred outside of your home country and/or the EEA for the purposes of administering your assignment.

In order for our vendors to administer the provisions of this guide, the Company provides certain employee information to vendors such as base salary, tax information or information regarding dependents, should they be authorized to accompany you. Our vendors and their employees are obligated to maintain the confidentiality of your personal information and use it only for the purposes set forth in this relocation guide.









Personal Data Protection

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You should be aware that privacy laws in many countries may differ significantly from those in your home country. These variations may impose legal requirements and/or limitations on the access, processing, and transfer of personal data (yours and others) while you are relocating or on assignment. In agreeing to the relocation, you expressly consent to your personal data (and your family’s personal data) being processed or transferred outside of your home country and/or the EEA for the purposes of administering your assignment. Consult with your host HRM for more information if you have questions.

Interpretation & Changes in Benefits
This guide establishes the criteria for receiving payment or reimbursement for your relocation and/or assignment expenses. Expense limits and payment guidelines are established by Human Resources and administered by the Global Mobility team. This document provides most of the information you will need to know about your benefits. However, the Company reserves the right to end, suspend or amend these benefits at any time without notice. Further, the Company retains the ultimate discretionary authority to establish and interpret the provisions of this guide and determine eligibility for benefits.

Effective Date
This guide describes the provisions of Company Relocation Benefits effective as of June 1, 2017. It replaces all relocation benefits and materials issued prior to that date.

Assignment/Transfer Effective Date
If you are on temporary assignment, the effective start date and end date of your assignment are determined by your business unit. Your effective start date of a temporary assignment is typically the day you depart from your home country. The effective end date is the day you return to your home country.

If you are a permanent transfer, the effective start date is determined by your business unit. It is typically the hiring date in your hiring location.

The date at which point you begin receiving relocation benefits is agreed upon and managed with the relocation vendor.

Exceptions
You must complete a Company Exception Request form to request any deviations or exceptions from this explanation of benefits. Please see your counselor for details. The Company Global Mobility team has the sole discretion to approve any exception requests prior to any reimbursement. Neither your manager nor division head has the authority to grant any exceptions to these benefits.

Letter of Understanding
Terms of your temporary assignment or relocation will be documented in a Letter of Understanding.

ACTION REQUIRED: You must sign and return the Letter of Understanding before any relocation services can start and any payments can be processed.


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N.B. If you are under an Employment Agreement, terms of relocation will be documented in your Agreement. If you are under an Employment Agreement, we must receive a copy of your Agreement before any relocation services can start and any payments can be processed.

Relocation Repayment Agreement
Relocating an employee requires a substantial commitment by the Company. Therefore, if you should elect to voluntarily terminate your employment with the Company during the 12-month period immediately following your effective start date in the new location, you will be required to repay the Company all third-party costs incurred by the Company.

ACTION REQUIRED : You must sign and return a Relocation Repayment Agreement before any relocation services can start and any payments can be processed.

If you are under an Employment Agreement and relocation repayment is addressed in your agreement, or if your assignment is less than 12 months in duration, the Repayment Agreement is not necessary.

Acknowledgement of Notice of Impact Statement
Current employees permanently relocating to a new country are localizing to the host location.

ACTION REQUIRED : You must sign and return an Acknowledgment Notice of Impact Statement on Individual Pension/Retirement Plan and Taxation acknowledging that you are terminating from one entity and being hired into another entity.
Compensation & Benefits
Compensation, Benefits, Vacation, Social Security, Retirement, and Company Holidays
You are placed on the hiring country’s payroll system and your compensation, benefits, vacation, company holidays, social security, and retirement are based on the hiring country’s compensation structure (base salary and bonus target). The hiring country’s terms and conditions apply for company holidays as well as for your healthcare. If you have questions, please see your hiring Human Resources Manager (HRM) and Benefits team for an explanation of plans available. If you are a current employee, refer to the HR pages of the One Discovery Portal , specific to your hiring location to review what’s available in your hiring country.

Healthcare Coverage
The hiring country’s terms and conditions apply for your healthcare. If feasible and permitted, you may be authorized Medical, Dental, Vision, Medical Evacuation and Repatriation benefits through International Expatriate Benefits plan. Please see your HRM and Benefits team for details.



Business travel

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The Company provides business travel medical insurance through GeoBlue when traveling for business outside your country of residence. Refer to the HR section of the One Discovery Portal for details on GeoBlue Business Traveler Insurance. The plan covers 100% of most professional medical services such as doctor visits, surgeries, in hospital stays, and dental emergencies.

ACTION REQUIRED : Please enroll in the GeoBlue plan by visiting www.geo-blue.com. The certificate Number or Group code for registration is QHG9999DISCO. If you have any questions regarding this process, please call GeoBlue customer service at 1.888.412.6403.

REMINDER FOR CURRENT EMPLOYEES:
ACTION REQUIRED : Remember to cancel parking or other automatic payroll deductions specific to your home location for your assignment period.

Move days
You are allowed up to three (3) days off from work pre-or post-relocation to attend to packing and/or settling-in. This benefit is to be agreed upon with your HRM and hiring manager.

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Core Relocation Benefits
The following benefits are core relocation benefits available depending on the circumstances and business case. Please see your relocation counselor for details on your specific benefits.
    
At the start of your assignment your Letter of Understanding outlines amounts and delivery of core benefits.

Expense Reimbursement Benefit
Your relocation counselor assists you with administering the reimbursement of reasonable, necessary and properly authorized expenses covered under these benefits. If you have questions about this process, please contact your counselor.

You are expected to manage expenses at a conservative level and to be familiar with which expenses are reimbursable and which are not. You will receive additional information on reimbursable expenses under these benefits. The Company, at its discretion, may choose not to reimburse, in full or in part, an expense that is deemed unreasonable or excessive. All expenses, unless otherwise specified, must be in accordance with the Company’s relocation/assignment benefits. Receipts are required for all reimbursable expenses. Credit card statements cannot be used in lieu of receipts.

Please contact your relocation counselor for assistance in setting up your account for reimbursements, if applicable. It is important to remember:
Relocation expenses are separate and distinct from business expenses
Business travel and entertainment expenses should be incurred and submitted in accordance with the Travel and Entertainment Policy
Relocation benefits are NOT business expenses and must not be treated the same way as business expenses
If you incur a relocation-related expense on your COMPANY CORPORATE CREDIT CARD in error, you should reconcile it as a personal expense on the corporate card and then separately submit for reimbursement under the relocation expense process
You should keep records and original receipts of all expenses, as this will assist in the completion of home and host country tax returns at year-end
Cash payment may not be substituted or exchanged for any specific benefit unless explicitly indicated
Any unused benefits are not interchangeable for or may not be replaced by any other benefits or cash monetary value
All requests for reimbursements must be submitted on or prior to the last day of the taxable year following the taxable year in which such expenses were incurred. Please note: tax years may vary by country. Please seek further guidance from your tax advisor
No expenses will be reimbursed or paid after one (1) year from start date in the new location.


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If you have questions about this process, please contact your relocation counselor.


Visa, Immigration, and Inoculations Benefits
Proper documentation to legally work in host location is essential.

The Company arranges and/or reimburses for:
Your visa application, including your work visa
Your authorized accompanying eligible dependents’ visas, as necessary (the Company does not arrange special work visas for dependents, other than what is available as an accompanying dependent)
Travel to and from the embassies/consulates for filing and obtaining immigration approval
If necessary, reasonable meals and hotel costs
Visa photos
Inoculations required for travel to the host location

You and your authorized accompanying eligible dependents must pass all medical examinations that the host or hiring country requires as a condition for providing required visas, work permits, or both.

ACTION REQUIRED: You must have the legal right to work or perform duties in your destination. Please work with the immigration counselor to ensure compliance.

Immigration services are available to keep you and the Company compliant. You must have your immigration in place before work or duties are performed in your destination.

ACTION REQUIRED: On your first day of work in your destination, you must present your immigration documentation to local HR.

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Travel Benefits
Company Travel Services
This relocation guide governs in conjunction with Entity Level Control Policy Manual ELCPM 130 – 1 Corporate Travel and Entertainment Policy (Travel Policy).

ACTION REQUIRED: If you are a current employee , assignment travel arrangements must be booked through the Company’s Travel Services Department per Travel Policy.


ACTION REQUIRED: If you are newly hired by the Company and don’t have the Travel P olicy, please coordinate travel and reimbursement with your relocation counselor.

Assignment Trip/Final Trip
The Company covers assignment trip expenses including:
Assignment Trip : One-way airfare per Travel Policy in effect at the time. Class of travel in line with Travel Policy in effect at that time. Class of travel for dependents to be the same as yours (or per instructions from your manager)
o
Reasonable hotel and taxi for the final trip from the home location to the host location (per Travel Policy)
o
Actual meal expenses will be reimbursed after submission of receipts. The allowable daily amounts are based on Travel Policy, dependents under 18 are reimbursed up to 50% of the allowable daily amounts
Excess Baggage: Excess checked baggage fees for two additional bags beyond the number of bags permitted without charge by the airline (four additional bags if you are traveling with dependents)
If you need temporary housing or short stay accommodations, please refer to the Temporary Living section for meal allowances and payments.

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Temporary Living Pre-Departure & Post-Arrival
Corporate Housing
You’ve packed up your house and are ready to move, but you haven’t found a place in your host location? Not a problem! Corporate housing is provided through Company-approved properties. Housing is paid for on your behalf. Corporate housing offers:
Fully furnished apartments including linens, utilities, internet access, crib costs, telephone service with the exception of long-distance personal phone calls, television, and depending on the location, one parking space. The size of the apartment will be in line with your family size, not to exceed 3 bedrooms
If corporate housing is not available or doesn’t have a kitchen or laundry facilities, the Company will reimburse reasonable meal and laundry expenses based on the Travel Policy. Children under 18 are reimbursed up to 50% of the allowable daily amounts
The Company provides up to sixty (60) days of temporary living accommodations in any combination of the home and host country depending on your needs
Personal long-distance telephone charges, meals, laundry and other incidentals are at your expense.

Short-Stay Accommodations
If corporate housing is not available, you may be authorized up to two (2) weeks in the home and/or host country in a Company preferred hotel.
The daily hotel rate cannot exceed the Travel Policy maximum hotel rate
If you stay in a hotel, the Company will reimburse reasonable meal and laundry expenses based on Travel Policy. Children under 18 are reimbursed up to 50% of the allowable daily amounts

Furniture Rental Option
If you signed a long-term lease and would prefer to move directly into the long-term lease accommodation, the Company will provide a furniture rental package in lieu of temporary corporate housing accommodations. The benefit is for the same duration as your temporary accommodations benefit.
The Company will not pay cash settlement in lieu of furniture rental or temporary living accommodations.
Interim Transportation Pre-Departure & Post-Arrival
Interim transportation to and from work for up to 30 days in any combination of your home or host/hiring country may be authorized.

At the start of your assignment your Letter of Understanding outlines the interim transportation you will receive and/or an estimate of the allowances, if applicable.



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Moving Household Goods
Air Shipment of Personal Goods
For assignments greater than six months, Company may pay or reimburse for an air shipment up to 300 pounds per adult (100 pounds per child) to transport personal belongings.

Shipping Household Goods
Company may provide a shipment of Household Goods (HHG) as follows:
Single Employee and Employee plus one (1) dependent: one (1) 20-foot container (or equivalent in cubic feet/meters)
Employee plus two (2) or more dependents: one (1) 40-foot container (or equivalent in cubic feet/meters)
Moving expense only apply for moving HHG once from home country residence or location to host/hiring country residence or location. Delivery of HHG must be arranged for business days to avoid additional charges. Should circumstances require a weekend delivery schedule, please contact your counselor.

The following goods and services are not covered . The Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA) benefit explained below is provided to cover these types of expenses.
Appliances
Picking up or dropping off furnishings of secondary homes or items in storage
Shipment of hazardous materials such as explosives, chemicals, flammable materials, firearms, garden chemicals
Shipment of hot tubs/spas, sheds, aboveground pools
Valuables such as jewelry, currency, dissertations or publishable papers, and other collectibles or items of extraordinary value
Removal, disassembling or installation of carpeting, drapery rods, storage sheds or other permanent fixtures
Shipment of boats, recreational vehicles and unusually heavy or cumbersome hobby materials
Pickups or deliveries at any location other than your primary residence
Special packing or transportation of frozen foods, plants, wine collections or other perishables
Moving or shipping items such as trees, shrubs, construction materials, firewood, livestock and other non-domestic and domestic animals
Tips or other gratuities to the moving company’s employees
Any services performed by you, your dependents or relatives
Special charges associated with assembly or disassembly of personal furnishings (exclusive of beds), antiques, specialty items, satellite dish/antennae, swing sets, patio furniture, or other outdoor fixtures
Unpacking assistance (organizing, maid, hanging, fixing to walls, etc.); assembly of items that had to be disassembled before shipping will be covered (exclusive of beds, which is covered)
Cost to board, ship, and quarantine pets (your counselor can provide recommendations for pet transportation services)

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Furniture Allowance in Lieu of Shipment of Household Goods Option
The furniture allowance is meant for the purchase of furniture and household goods; however, the use of the allowance is at the employee’s discretion. Receipts will not be necessary for reimbursement, but as with all expenses relating to relocation, it is recommended that receipts be kept and tracked for year-end purposes. Please see your relocation counselor or tax advisor for additional information regarding keeping receipts associated with relocation.

If you would like to opt for a furniture allowance in lieu of shipment of household goods, the option is available under the following guidelines.
Allowance must:
o
be based on the home/host locations
not exceed the cost of the surface shipment
be delivered at the start of the assignment via payroll
Allowance is not grossed up and applicable taxes will be withheld at the time of payment

Surface Shipment in lieu of Air Shipment Option
The air shipment may be combined with a surface shipment if the cost of the combined surface shipment does not exceed the cost of the air plus surface shipments.

If the cost of a combined shipment exceeds the cost of the individual shipments, the employee needs to pay the difference out-of-pocket.

In-transit Storage
Storage of goods is provided as needed for the duration of your temporary housing stay only. You may use any combination of the storage benefit between the home and host country.

You should be aware that not all household goods can be transported internationally due to limitations in the host country, and may require long-term storage at your expense (for which you received the MEA). Your relocation counselor can provide you with specific limitations pertinent to your relocation.

Destination Services Benefits

Home-Finding & Settling-In Services Program
Depending on location and your family size, the Company may sponsor a program in the host/hiring country using a preferred vendor to assist you with finding a longer-leased property, and settling-in services. Please see your relocation counselor to assist you with coordination of the following benefits, if applicable.
Examples of home-finding services include:
Visiting properties
Vetting leases
Making security deposits
Setting up monthly rental payments


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Settling-in service s may include assistance for the employee and spouse/partner with anything that is necessary to carry out business and home-related tasks in the host/hiring country, such as:
Emergency procedures (police, emergency room, walk-in ambulatory care procedures)
Local government registration, if applicable
Banking and school registration assistance
Driver license/auto registration, plus explanation of auto insurance
Shopping fundamentals (grocery, appliance, furniture stores)
Medical facility(s) options (doctor visits, medical insurance process)
Community referrals (doctors, dentists, insurance agents, etc.)
Network into international community (clubs, organizations)
Recreation/leisure options & places of worship
Rental Furniture assistance, if needed

Mail Forwarding Service
You may be eligible for a mail forwarding service for the first three (3) months of transfer. Please consult with your relocation counselor for details and coordination of this service.

Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA)
A Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA) is provided for expenses and incidentals not covered by the relocation benefits provided by the Company.
The following expenses and services, if required, are not eligible for reimbursement a nd are expected to be paid by the employee from the Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (MEA):

Boarding or shipment of pets
Appliances including TVs or electrical items that cannot transfer to a foreign country
Replacement appliances, if applicable
Extra pickup/drop off of household goods
Excess shipping or special packing costs, duty tax
Long-term storage
Replacement automobile(s)
Driver’s licenses
Telephone costs
Extended temporary housing above relocation benefit limits
Additional tax consultation services above and outside relocation benefit limits
The MEA is subject to applicable withholdings, is not tax protected, is not eligible for tax gross-up and is paid net of any wage or income taxes. This payment is delivered via payroll at the start of the assignment or relocation.
The MEA is based on the duration of the assignment or type of transfer.
The MEA is based on one-month’s salary, not to exceed USD $25,000 (or home-country currency equivalent at current exchange rates).

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Tax Benefits

Tax Counseling/Tax Return Preparation
The Company provides tax consultation with a designated accounting firm for assignments and transfers with multi-jurisdictional tax obligations as a result of their assignment or transfer.
For assignments, this benefit is provided for each year in which you receive assignment-related compensation and benefits.
For Permanent transferees, this benefit is for the year of transfer and following year (if required). The allowance for the tax consultation and tax filing fees related to your relocation depends on the home and host/hiring country. If you prefer to use your own tax provider, you will be eligible for reimbursement through the relocation provider for tax service fees, up to the allowance cap, upon submitting receipt for payment.
A tax “menu” will be provided to you outlining the specific benefits authorized.
It is your responsibility to work with the designated accounting firm so that you are aware of all applicable tax implications as a result of your relocation. You are responsible for submitting any required tax filings and any associated payments.
The tax consultation benefit is only provided for tax services related to you and your relocation between the home country and the host country. Tax advice is for the employee only and spouses are not covered under this benefit
The designated accounting firm will be paid on your behalf up to the maximum benefit authorized depending on your home and host locations
Any tax advisor services that are in excess of the allowance will be your responsibility
This benefit will be provided for each year in which you receive assignment-related compensation. It is not an on-going benefit for permanent transfers

ACTION REQUIRED: If you require tax services, you must sign and return the tax menu in order for services to commence.
Tax Gross-up Benefit
If you are taxed on relocation benefits in the home or hiring country, the Company may offset the additional tax burden on those items deemed imputed income in accordance with governing tax laws. The Company will provide this benefit to you in the year immediately following the assignment year and once tax returns have been filed and completed. This benefit payment is grossed up for taxes.
ACTION REQUIRED : If you require tax gross-ups, you must sign and return the tax menu in order for gross-up services to commence.





IRS Code Section 409A Compliance

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Although the Company does not guarantee any particular tax treatment relating to the benefits provided under these Relocation Benefits, it is intended that such payments and benefits be exempt from, or comply with, U.S. Tax Code Section 409A. All taxable expenses or other reimbursements under these benefits shall be payable in accordance with the Company's policies in effect from time to time, but in any event, shall be made on or prior to the last day of the taxable year following the taxable year in which such expenses were incurred by or on behalf of, and no such reimbursement or expenses eligible for reimbursement in any taxable year shall in any way affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year. The right to such expenses and reimbursements shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, payment, or reimbursement.

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Flexible Benefits
The following benefits are flexible options and available depending on the circumstances and business case. Please see your relocation counselor for details on your specific benefits.
    
At the start of your assignment your Letter of Understanding outlines amounts and delivery of flexible benefits, if applicable.

Pre-Acceptance Trip
Prior to accepting an offer of employment, the Company may provide you and your spouse/partner (no children, dependents, or other relatives) one trip, not to exceed 7 days including travel time, to the potential hiring location to tour the area, view housing options, and meet with local school officials (if necessary).

Home-Finding Trip
Prior to relocating, the Company may provide you and your authorized dependents one trip, not to exceed 7 days including travel time, prior to moving to secure a residence. Expenses for extended dependents or other third parties (in-laws, parents, siblings, uncles or aunts, nanny, etc.) are not eligible for reimbursement and you may not substitute an extended family member or other third party in lieu of children, spouse or partner. Any expenses associated with extended, non-authorized dependents will not be reimbursed.
The Company may reimburse Pre-Acceptance and/or Home-Finding trip expenses including:
Airfare per Travel Policy in effect at the time. Class of travel for your spouse/partner is based on the class of travel for which you are eligible and in line with Travel Policy in effect at that time
Hotel room rates per Travel Policy will be reimbursed to eligible trip participants
Taxi/rental car will be reimbursed to eligible trip participants
Actual meal expenses will be reimbursed after submission of receipts per Travel Policy
For Home-Finding travel: Actual meal expenses will be reimbursed after submission of receipts per Travel Policy; children under 18 are reimbursed up to 50% of the allowable daily amounts
Childcare costs may be reimbursable during the Pre-Acceptance and the Home-Finding trip if you have children remaining at home. This is payable only in the event that qualified providers are used and is not payable to dependents.
The Company may provide an Accompanied Program using a preferred Destination Service provider to assist in locating suitable housing or school orientation during either trip.
You will work with the relocation or school specialist in advance to arrange school visits.
If a Pre-Acceptance or Home-Finding Trip is not taken, you will be provided with Destination, Home-Finding, and/or School Search Services upon arrival at your destination.
Approval of Pre-Acceptance or Home-Finding trips is determined solely at the discretion of the Company based on needs and circumstances.

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If a Pre-Acceptance trip has been taken, the Home-Finding Trip may be modified or waived by the Company.
Lease Breakage
If you are a renter, it is your responsibility to provide the landlord with the proper and required notification to terminate the lease per the lease agreement. Lease breakage costs may be reimbursed only if you are not able to provide the required advance notification. If a lease termination penalty is incurred, you may be reimbursed up to a maximum of three (3) months of reasonable and actual rent . A copy of the original lease and proof of payment is required for reimbursement.

Loss on Sale of Vehicle
Loss on the sale of vehicle(s) owned by you is provided for up to two (2) vehicles and capped at USD $2,500/one (1) car and USD $5,000/ two (2) cars (or home-country currency equivalent at current exchange rates). You may be reimbursed for the difference between the documented appraised value and the actual sale amount not to exceed the maximum amounts noted.
Generally, automobiles are not transported to the hiring country. However, the shipment of an employee’s car may be provided if you are permanently relocating within country or intra-regionally.

Cultural Training
The Company may coordinate or reimburse for the cost of a two-day cultural training program. Training may be provided in the home location prior to departure or at the host/hiring location upon arrival. Training is designed for adults and services are based on a needs assessment. Please see your counselor for eligibility and details.

Language Training
The Company may coordinate or reimburse the cost of language training. Training may be provided in the home location prior to departure or at the host/hiring location upon arrival. Training is designed for adults and services are based on a needs assessment. Please see your counselor for eligibility and details.

Spouse or Partner Career Counseling
The Company may coordinate or reimburse for the cost of counseling or outplacement services for working spouses/partners during the initial year of the transfer using preferred vendors. Spouse/partner transition assistance will help the accompanying spouse/partner acclimate to the host/hiring country/area. Services are based on a needs assessment, the host/hiring country visa requirements, and the spouse/partner’s objectives. Support can be provided for job search, pursuing education, training, volunteer opportunities or other career development pursuits. Please see your counselor for eligibility and details.

School Search for Accompanying Dependents
Assistance in finding the proper school for your accompanying eligible dependent children may be authorized. Services are based on a needs assessment. Please see your counselor for eligibility and details.



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Resignation & Termination
If you are under an Employment Agreement, please refer to your agreement for terms of Resignation and Termination.

Voluntary Resignation Personal Hardship
If you resign from the Company due to a personal hardship, the Company may repatriate you and eligible dependents to your home country. Any Company-sponsored visas will be revoked.
Personal hardships may include, but are not limited to, divorce, a death in the family, a serious illness or a condition that requires treatment in the home country or a situation that renders you unable to continue employment. You must notify the Company of your request to repatriate and provide sufficient information for the Company to determine whether a personal hardship exists. If approved, you will have up to six (6) months from your termination date to use these benefits, subject to any visa requirements.
Repatriation under personal hardship will be evaluated on a case by case basis and may include tax services, if necessary, until the Company deems all required tax compliance, equalization or reconciliations are satisfied.
Under these circumstances, the Repayment Agreement may be waived.

Voluntary Resignation
If you voluntarily resign, you will forfeit remaining or on-going benefits. Any Company-sponsored visas will be revoked. Voluntary resignation also may violate the Repayment Agreement and subject you to reimburse the Company for some of the costs incurred by the Company in your assignment (MEA, relocation expenses, and travel expenses). Refer to your Repayment Agreement.

Involuntary Termination Not for Cause
If you are terminated within the first 12 months of transfer due to a job redundancy, reduction in force, job elimination, or for any other reason except “For Cause,” any Company-sponsored visas will be revoked; and, relocation benefits may include:
Lease breakage up to three months
Transportation of you and eligible family members and shipment of your goods to your point of origin or “home” location
Miscellaneous Expense Allowance (in the case of relocation only) up to two-weeks salary not to exceed USD $10,000 (or home-country currency equivalent at current exchange rates). The MEA is subject to applicable withholdings, not tax protected, not eligible for tax gross-up and is paid net of any wage or income taxes. This payment is delivered via payroll upon termination and relocation. If you are being relocated to another location by the Company, and the relocation package includes an MEA, you may receive either the termination MEA or the relocation MEA, not both.
Tax services for year of transfer for Company-related compensation or until Company deems all required tax compliance is satisfied


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Any severance benefits will be in accordance with the Company policy that is in effect at that time.
ACTION REQUIRED: You have four (4) weeks to notify the Company of your intent to use repatriation benefits and you will have up to three (3) months from your termination date to use this benefit, subject to visa requirements.
Termination for Cause
If you are terminated for Cause during your assignment, as defined by Company policy, you are not eligible for repatriation benefits except as may be required by law. Any Company-sponsored visas will be revoked. Tax preparation services may continue to be required until the Company’s tax provider deems all required tax compliance and/or tax equalization obligations are satisfied. This may require you to remit payment for costs incurred for your relocation. “For Cause” shall mean the commission of any of the following acts in Company’s sole determination:
the conviction of, or nolo contendere or guilty plea to, a felony (whether any right to appeal has been or may be exercised)
conduct constituting embezzlement, material misappropriation or fraud, whether or not related to employee’s employment with the Company
conduct constituting a financial crime, material act of dishonesty, or conduct in violation of Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
improper conduct substantially prejudicial to the Company’s business or reputation
willful unauthorized disclosure or use of Company confidential information
material improper destruction of Company property
willful misconduct in connection with the performance of your duties
conduct inconsistent with the general policies and practices of the Company

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Definitions
Accompanied – The employee is accompanied if the business has authorized an eligible dependent to travel with the employee at the Company’s expense to the host location.
Base Salary – The regular compensation, determined by the business, that the employee receives as part of the regular salary payment to do the job required within the hours agreed excluding shift, overtime, bonuses, allowances, premiums, and benefits.
Counselor – Relocation counselor designated to assist the employee with relocation benefits.
Designated Accounting Firm (DAF) – The firm the Company selects to provide the employee with tax services while on assignment.
Designated Cost-of-Living Data Firm (DCF) – The firm the Company selects to provide cost-of-living data, including goods and services, transportation, and housing allowances.
Designated Relocation Firm (DRF) – The firm the Company selects to provide the employee with relocation and destination services.
Eligible Dependents – for purposes of accompanying the employee on an assignment or relocation, eligible dependents include the:
current spouse (including a common-law spouse according to host country law) or domestic partner;
any child age 18 or under who is in the legal custody or the custody of the accompanying spouse or domestic partner and who depends upon the employee for financial support;
any unmarried son or daughter through age 25 who is a registered full-time student working toward a degree.
Emergency Medical Services Firm – The firm the Company selects to provide the employee and the authorized accompanying Eligible Dependents with medical assistance, including referrals, hospital admittance assistance, and evacuation when medically necessary. The employee qualifies for such services when the employee is on assignment or international business travel.
Global Mobility – The corporate organization that administers international assignments and relocations.
Global Mobility International Assignment Request on HR Desktop – The system the business uses to initiate the international assignment and to establish the compensation and relocation package for such assignment.
Gross-up A mathematical calculation to determine the gross salary from the net salary (before income tax and social contributions).
Home Location, Host Location, and Hiring Location – The home location is the point of origin from which we hire the employee and from which the employee transfers. The host location is any location in any other country where the employee works on a temporary assignment. The hiring location is the country where the permanent transferee or a new hire is being relocated at the start of employment.
Household goods – Household items, including furniture and personal effects that are sent by sea, air, and/or ground to and from the host location.
Housing benefit/allowance/differential Financial assistance related to the provision of accommodations in the host country for the assignee and accompanying family. This allowance may or may not be expressed as the total cost of foreign housing, or alternatively as the foreign housing cost net of a home country housing norm.
Housing offset/norm/notional expense/contribution – An approximation of typical home country housing costs that would normally be borne by employees of the same base salary and family size in the home location.

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Hypothetical/tax norm – Under the process of tax equalization, the assignee’s share of his or her worldwide tax burden. This is normally determined by estimating the amount of taxes that the employee would have paid had he remained in the home country.
Immediate Family – For purposes of emergency leave, the immediate family includes:
parents, including step parents or an individual who stood in place of a parent to the employee when the employee was a child;
current spouse (including a common-law spouse according to host country law) or domestic partner;
children, step children, and their current spouses;
siblings, step siblings, half siblings, and their current spouses;
grandparents, step grandparents, grandchildren, and step grandchildren;
current spouse’s or domestic partner’s parents (as defined above), grandparents, step grandparents, children, step children, grandchildren, and step grandchildren;
current spouse’s or domestic partner’s siblings, step siblings, half siblings and their current spouses.
Incidental Expenses – Laundry; dry cleaning; and fees and tips given to porters, baggage carriers, bellhops, and hotel maids.
Letter of Understanding – An agreement letter signed by the employee acknowledging the terms and conditions of the relocation. The letter is prepared by Global Mobility and outlines the authorized benefits, allowances, and terms and conditions of the assignment.
Localization/localizing – The transitioning of an assignee to an employment status/ package in the host country equivalent to that of host country nationals. The length of transition may vary.
Partner – Meets a) the requirements of a domestic partner in the home location for purposes of establishing benefit-related entitlements under the Company’s compensation and benefit guidelines, and b) the legal requirements of a domestic partner in the host location for purposes of immigration as an accompanying partner.
Per Diem A cash payment to an employee to cover certain temporary living expenses, usually meals, hotel, and incidental expenses, expressed as a daily rate.
Point of Origin – The city and home country of primary residence in which the employee resides when selected for the assignment, or the city and country determined by the business if the employee is selected for the assignment while outside of the home country.
Reasonable – While a precise definition of "reasonable" is not possible, by applying sound business judgment to various indicators–such as economy, business objectives, facts and circumstances, necessity, and availability of alternatives–an opinion can be formed as to the action or cost a prudent person could have reasonably been expected to take or incur under similar circumstances.
Relocation Repayment Agreement – An agreement letter between Company and the employee whereby the employee acknowledges and agrees to the circumstances under which the employee is responsible for repayment of the relocation.
Tax equalization/equalize – A compensation methodology for calculating the assignee’s share of his or her worldwide tax burden by attempting to ensure that the employee is financially “no better or worse off” than he or she would have been had the assignment not taken place.
Unaccompanied – The employee is unaccompanied if the employee does not have eligible dependents or if an eligible dependent authorized to travel with the employee at the Company’s expense to the host location does not accompany the employee.

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Exhibit 10.4


Executive Benefit Summary


Executive Disability - The Executive Disability Plan is an enhancement to the Discovery Communications, LLC. long-term disability plan, provided to you at no cost. This plan provides supplemental income replacement and comprehensive, flexible coverage to meet a range of disability needs throughout the insured’s lifetime:
 
 
Supplemental coverage for group LTD that enables an employee to protect up to 100% of earnings;
 
 
 
 
 
 
Portable coverage that an employee “owns” and can take with him or her when changing employment;
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future Adjustment Option (FAO) that lets the insured adjust coverage amounts according to changes in employer benefits;
 
 
 
 
 
 
Built-in features such as the Lifetime Continuation Provision, which lets the insured transform disability income protection during the working years into Long Term Care asset protection during retirement, without evidence of insurability.

Supplemental Retirement Plan – The DCL Supplemental Retirement Plan (SRP) is a non-qualified plan that allows participants to defer up to 50% of their base pay and/or bonus on a pre-tax basis. This plan enables you to lower your current tax obligations while adding to your retirement savings. The benefits of the plan include:
 
 
Pre-tax savings in addition to the DCL 401(k) Plan,
 
 
 
 
 
 
The SRP does not subject participants to the same IRS limits that govern the qualified 401(k) Plan
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax-deferred earnings until distribution at termination of employment, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
A variety of investment funds.

Group Variable Universal Life (GVUL) Insurance Plan – The GVUL Insurance Plan provides you with the opportunity to elect supplemental life insurance coverage in multiples of up to 5 times your salary, to a maximum of $2,000,000. Supplemental life insurance coverage under this plan is permanent and provides the advantages of an individually owned life insurance policy. It also provides an optional tax-deferred investment opportunity with the following tax-advantages:
 
 
Life insurance and investment accounts that pass income tax-free to your beneficiaries;
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax-deferred investment accumulation in a choice of seventeen (17) variable and one fixed investment fund;
 
 
 
 
 
 
Early investment account withdrawals, before age 59 1 / 2  , that are not subject to tax penalties;
 
 
 
 
 
 
Use of the cost of insurance as an offset against taxes on the GVUL Plan’s earnings at withdrawal.
 
 




 
Executive Long-Term Care Insurance – Discovery has partnered with Prudential Insurance Company to provide you with the opportunity to purchase Long Term Care Insurance. Long Term Care insurance is an important financial planning and asset protection tool that pays for custodial and supervisory care. Unlike acute or rehabilitative care, custodial and supervisory care is provided to individuals when they can no longer conduct daily activities – such as bathing or eating, or when they suffer a severe cognitive impairment. Long-term care is traditionally provided at home, in adult day care centers, in assisted living and nursing homes and is usually not covered under most health insurance programs. Features of the plan include:
 
 
As a senior executive, DCL provides you with coverage of $150 Daily Benefit Amount. You can elect to increase coverage to $200 or $250 DBA.
 
 
 
 
 
 
You pay no premiums once you receive benefits.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Your total Lifetime Maximum Benefit is restored to its original value when you recover and resume premium payments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
The plan is portable, so if you leave Discovery, you can take the plan with you.


Vacation Time
The following table summarizes vacation rates for eligible full-time employees.
VACATION AMOUNT

Length of Service
Band 7
Bands 4-6
Bands 2 & 3
Bands 0 & 1
0 – 3 years*
2 weeks
(80 hours)
3 weeks
(120 hours)
3 weeks
(120 hours)
4 weeks
(160 hours)
4 – 6 years*
3 weeks
(120 hours)
3 weeks
(120 hours)
4 weeks
(160 hours)
4 weeks
(160 hours)
7 – 14 years*
4 weeks
(160 hours)
4 weeks
(160 hours)
4 weeks
(160 hours)
5 weeks
(200 hours)
15+ years*
5 weeks
(200 hours)
5 weeks
(200 hours)
5 weeks
(200 hours)
5 weeks
(200 hours)

 
 
 
 
*
 
Vacation allowance increases at the beginning of your 4th, 7th, and 15th year of employment.
Time toward the annual vacation allowance is credited on a monthly basis. During the first year of employment, the annual vacation allowance is prorated.


Exhibit 10.5



2017 Incentive
Compensation Plan
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

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Discovery’s success depends on each employee working together to reach our strategic goals. The Incentive Compensation Plan (ICP) is the variable component in your overall pay package,
providing you with an opportunity to receive an award that is tied to business success and your contributions to those results. When Discovery succeeds, we all succeed.
This is a core tenet of our pay for performance philosophy. Discovery is committed to providing all employees with competitive, performance-based compensation and the opportunity to share in the company’s success. The ICP is closely aligned with Discovery’s business strategy, strengthening the link between our strategic goals and your compensation. An award under the ICP is not guaranteed; awards will vary and may exceed or fall below individual incentive targets depending upon business and individual performance for a given plan year.
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Table of Contents

ICP AT A GLANCE
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ELEMENT
Measures and Weightings
INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE
ADDITIONAL ICP INFORMATION
Employment Changes During Plan Year
TERMS AND CONDITIONS





discovery communications

The ICP At a Glance

We recognize that the company’s success depends on each employee working together to reach our strategic goals. The ICP is designed to strengthen the direct link between your incentive payments and the results of the business units or functions that you lead or support.
Performance & Award

KEY ICP ELEMENTS
The key elements of the ICP closely align performance and reward by creating a link between your influence, your results and your incentive award.

Financial Performance Element

Discovery Communications Performance
A portion of your incentive is tied to the overall performance of Discovery Communications Corporate (DCI).


Line of Business (LOB) Performance
This performance element only applies to employees who work in or are fully dedicated to support a Line of Business (LOB) within Discovery Communications. These employees will have a portion of their overall incentive pay tied to the performance of the LOB that they work in or support.

Individual Performance
Your individual performance influences your incentive pay. Individual Performance is determined by management.


The following illustration shows how each of the ICP Performance Elements work together to create your total reward: To see the make-up of your individual ICP target award, please see your Planned Compensation S tatement , available in GPS.


 
 
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discovery communications

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*Awards under the ICP are not guaranteed and may exceed or fall below individual targets depending on business and individual performance for a given plan year.
Financial Performance Element
You bring new ideas and fresh approaches that can ultimately affect the bottom line, whether you work in one of Discovery’s dynamic networks or in a corporate function.
For this reason, the ICP rewards you not only for your own individual performance, but also for your impact on the financial performance of the company as a whole and, if applicable, an LOB to which you are assigned.
You can see the financial element of your ICP calculation on your Planned Compensation Statement, available in GPS. If you have any questions concerning the financial element to which your ICP is tied, please contact your HR Representative.

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MEASURES AND WEIGHTINGS

Discovery’s overall corporate financial success and each LOB have different measures of financial performance, to appropriately capture what success means for that part of the business. There are two overall factors used when measuring financial performance: revenue and profitability. Discovery measures financial performance by comparing the actual revenue and profitability results against what was planned for the plan year.

Defining Revenue and Profitability

Revenue

 
 
5


The total amount of money received by the company for goods sold or services provided during the plan year.

Profitability
Within the profit-sharing portion of the plan, there are two measures, which are identified below:

Adjusted Free Cash Flow (AFCF)

Discovery defines FCF as cash from operations less capital expenditures. FCF may be adjusted (AFCF) to eliminate the impact on FCF of various one-off items such as long-term incentive expenses arising from unbudgeted movements in stock price, or unbudgeted M&A activity.
Adjusted Operating Income Before Depreciation and Amortization (AOIBDA)

AOIBDA is measured by revenue less cost of sales, operating expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding long-term incentive compensation). This measure of profitability is used for all US and International LOBs.

Individual Performance


Your individual performance is an important part of the ICP. Each year, Discovery sets its corporate goals, identifying the priorities for the year that will help our company grow and achieve. The goals you set with your managers and teams should support the company’s overall goals, and when you perform well against those goals, Discovery performs well,
too. So whether you are assisting with international growth or focusing on quality content, your individual performance ties directly to Discovery’s overall performance.

Your ICP award can be reduced if you are on a performance plan during the year or do not fully contribute to the success of your LOB (if applicable) or the company overall as assessed by management. Extraordinary performance can result in a higher ICP award through the performance pool as outlined below.

AEXHIBIT10310_IMAGE6A02.GIF


PERFORMANCE POOL
The performance pool is a discretionary component of the ICP that may create an additional amount of funding based on financial performance. If you performed particularly well as an individual for the year, and the financial performance of DCI and your LOB (if applicable) exceeds planned performance for the

 
 
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year, then, you may be eligible to receive a performance pool payout. If a pool is available, a limited number of individual awards will be at the discretion of senior management.

Additional ICP Information

EMPLOYMENT CHANGES DURING PLAN YEAR
Any employment changes throughout the year may result in a blending of the salary used to calculate your ICP award and/or the incentive target percentage. The LOB performance component, if applicable, of your Financial Performance Element is based on your LOB assignment as of October 1.

Example: Blended Salary
The following sample calculation shows how the blended base salary is derived:
Assume the salary on January 1 is $50,000, and on September 1, the employee is promoted and receives a salary increase to $60,000.

EMPLOYMENTCHANGES1.JPG
The blended incentive opportunity is the amount used for incentive purposes as a blend of an employee’s incentive opportunity throughout the year weighted by time.

Example: Blended Incentive Opportunity
Here is an example of how the blended incentive opportunity percentage is derived:
Assume the incentive opportunity on January 1 is 10% and the employee is promoted on September 2 and is now entitled to receive a 15% incentive opportunity. In this example, the employee was in a role with a 10% target for 244 days of the year and a 15% target for 121 days.

EMPLOYMENTCHANGES2.JPG

 
 
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DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, LLC INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAM
Adopted effective January 1, 2009,
as amended in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2016

ELIGIBILITY AND TERMS


Employees of Discovery Communications, LLC or a participating subsidiary (“the Company”) who are classified as regular full-time employees of the Company are eligible to participate in the annual Incentive Compensation Program (the “ICP”), subject to the discretion of management. Eligibility for part-time, less-than-full time and temporary employees of the Company will be subject to the discretion of management and/or determined by local legislation, country by country, as appropriate. The determination of participation by any particular employee or subsidiary is made by the Company in its discretion. An employee who is eligible for another Company sales or annual incentive award program generally is not eligible to participate in the ICP, nor is an employee who begins employment in an ICP-eligible position on or after October 1 of the Program Year. In this document, an employee who meets these eligibility requirements is referred to as an “Eligible Employee.”

The ICP is an annual cash bonus program that rewards Eligible Employees for their individual performance contribution and Company performance (measured and treated separately in relation to revenue and profitability) for the entire Program Year, subject to the proration provisions set forth below. The target award opportunity is expressed as a percentage of base salary. The Company performance metrics may reflect Company-wide performance or a combination of overall Company performance and performance of a specific Company division or business unit. An Eligible Employee’s payout, if any, is based on the applicable Company performance measures (both revenue and profitability, measured separately) and any other measures that may be applicable to an employee’s job level or role. The calculated payout may be reduced if warranted by the employee’s individual performance or other individual factors.

The ICP begins on January 1 and ends on December 31 each year (the “Program Year”). The Company will comply with local legal requirements and any applicable contractual provisions in implementing these Terms and Conditions; if a legal or contractual provision conflicts with this document, the legal or contractual requirement will govern. The payout, if any, under the ICP will occur in the first quarter of the calendar year following the Program Year and, in the United States, on or before March 15.




TERMS AND CONDITIONS


1.
Proration of Target or Payout : An Eligible Employee must be employed for the entire Program Year (i.e. from January 1 up to and including to December 31) to be eligible for a payout, unless one of the following exceptions applies to permit a prorated payout. The eligibility for and amount of any payout will continue to be subject to the other terms and conditions of the ICP and the applicable Company performance measures.
a.
New Hires : An employee who is hired into a role that is ICP-eligible before October 1 of the Program Year, will be eligible for a prorated payout under the ICP based on the date of hire, subject to the terms and conditions of the ICP. An employee hired on or after October 1 of the Program Year, will not be eligible to participate in that Program Year’s ICP.
b.
Part-Time Employees : An Eligible Employee who works part-time or less-than- full time or who is hired during the Program Year and who otherwise meets the eligibility requirements of the Program will be eligible for an ICP target that is based on the percentage of applicable salary, at the part-time level, during the Program Year.
c.
Paid Leave of Absence : An Eligible Employee who is in paid leave status for more than 90 consecutive days during the Program Year will be eligible for a prorated ICP payout, subject to the terms and conditions of the ICP. The proration calculation will be based on the number of days that the Eligible Employee was actively working (including paid leave for 90 days or less). An Eligible Employee who is in paid leave status for 90 consecutive days or less will not be subject to proration under this subsection.
d.
Unpaid Leave of Absence : An Eligible Employee who is in unpaid leave status for more than two consecutive weeks will be eligible for a prorated ICP payout, subject to the terms and conditions of the ICP. The proration calculation will be based on the number of days that the Eligible Employee was actively working (including unpaid leave of less than two weeks). An Eligible Employee who is in unpaid leave status for two consecutive weeks or less will not be subject to proration under this subsection. An Eligible Employee who is eligible for a prorated ICP payout under Condition 1 c will not also be eligible for a prorated payout under this Condition 1 d.
e.
Termination for Cause : If an Eligible Employee’s employment with the Company terminates prior to the date the ICP for the Program Year is actually pa id out, for “Cause,” the Eligible Employee will not be eligible for any payout, prorated or otherwise. “Cause” shall mean under this paragraph: (i) the conviction of, or nolo contendere or guilty plea, to a felony (whether any right to appeal has been or may be exercised); (ii) conduct constituting embezzlement, material misappropriation or fraud, whether or not related to the Eligible Employee’s employment with the Company; (iii) conduct constituting a financial crime, material act of dishonesty or conduct in violation of Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics; (iv) improper conduct substantially prejudicial to the Company’s business; (v) willful unauthorized disclosure or use of Company confidential information; (vi) material improper destruction of Company property;
(vii) willful misconduct in connection with the performance of Executive's duties; and (vii) any other conduct that constitutes Cause under the Company’s policies and procedures.
f.
Resignation: If an Eligible Employee resigns from their employment (and their employment ends) at any time in the Program Year, no payout prorated or otherwise shall be paid. For these purposes, unless an Eligible Employee who is working under a fixed term employment contract otherwise falls within one of the above exceptions set forth in these terms and conditions (as applied to a



resignation), a separation at the end of a fixed-term assignment because of the natural expiration of the assignment shall be considered a resignation.
g.
Death, Disability, Retirement or Termination without Cause : If an Eligible Employee separates before December 31 due to death, disability, retirement, or to accept immediate employment with an “Affiliate,” the employee will be eligible for a prorated payout if the employee was an Eligible Employee for 180 days or more during the Program Year. For these purposes, “retirement” means separation from the Company for any reason other than Cause at a point at which an Eligible Employee is at least age 60 and has been employed by the Company, or any of its subsidiaries for at least ten years, where the Eligible Employee’s period of service is determined using the Company’s Prior Employment Service Policy or a successor policy chosen by the Administrator. Special treatment upon retirement shall be subject to local laws in those countries subject to any EU Directive on Discrimination. If an Eligible Employee’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause, the employee will be eligible for a prorated payout if the employee (a) was an Eligible Employee for 270 days or more during the Program Year, and (b) if applicable, meets any requirement to sign a release of claims under a Company-sponsored severance benefit plan or other applicable employment agreement or arrangement, provided that the arrangement does not exclude the payout of the ICP. For purposes of this Section, an “Affiliate” is an entity in which the Company has an ownership interest of 50% or more but which is not considered a participating subsidiary under the ICP (e.g., OWN LLC).
h.
Termination and Rehire During a Single Program Year : If an Eligible Employee’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause and the Eligible Employee is rehired within the same Program Year, the employee will be eligible for a prorated payout for that Program Year provided that (i) the Eligible Employee has met any requirement to sign a release of claims associated with the termination, and (ii) the Eligible Employee was actively employed for 180 days or more during the Program Year, including service prior to the termination and after the rehire date. The Company will determine the applicable Company performance metrics based on the facts and circumstances of the Eligible Employee’s role(s) and duties during the Program Year.
i.
Transfer into Role under Separate Bonus Plan. If an Eligible Employee moves into a role that is not ICP-eligible because the role is covered by another bonus plan (e.g., an advertising sales role), the employee will be eligible for a prorated payout for that Program Year based on the length of time that the Eligible Employee was in the ICP-eligible role.

2.
No Additional Rights : The ICP shall not confer or be deemed to confer any right with respect to continuance of employment by the Company, nor interfere in any way with the right of the Company to separate an employee from employment.

3.
Discretionary Program : Unless contrary to the express and unequivocal terms of applicable law, regulations, or codetermination rights, any ICP payout is a strictly discretionary and conditional payout, is made subject to the terms and conditions of these guidelines and the applicable ICP Company performance measures (based on revenue and profitability) for each
Eligible Employee, and does not form a part of an employee’s regular base salary compensation. The operation or continuance of the ICP through a Program Year gives no right or expectation to any ICP payout, whether in same or similar form or at all, in any future Program Year. Company management also reserves the sole discretion to determine the design, applicable criteria and the actual payout percentages for each component of each target grid as it deems appropriate.




4.
Profit Sharing : For those countries that legally require participation in profit sharing programs, an addendum to these guidelines will be published. It is acknowledged that, for all countries, any ICP payout is funded by two separate elements a) corporate revenue and b) a share of profits.

5.
Timing of Payout : If an Eligible Employee terminates employment with the Company before the scheduled payout date of the ICP and is eligible for a prorated payout, the timing of any payout, if legally allowable, will be determined under the normal course of the ICP and delivered on the scheduled payment date for other Eligible Employees who remain employed by the Company. If local laws do not permit a delay of the payment until the scheduled payment date under the ICP, the Company at its sole discretion will determine the payment under the Program to be included in the pay for the last month of employment.

6.
Administration : The Senior Vice President for Total Rewards (“Administrator”) has the full power and authority to construe, interpret and administer the ICP and the determinations of the Administrator are final, conclusive and binding on all persons unless any such determination is otherwise expressly and unequivocally prohibited by local laws and regulations or codetermination rights. For participants employed in the United States, the ICP shall be construed, administered and governed under the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to its conflict of law rules.

7.
Amendment, Modification, and Termination : The Company reserves the right to amend, modify or terminate the ICP at any time in its sole discretion and will implement those changes respecting the terms and conditions of local laws, works agreements or codetermination rights that expressly and unequivocally conflict, in whole or in part, with any such action or decision. The ICP will be implemented subject to and in accordance with local laws and regulations, which may require certain actions in particular circumstances.

8.
Clawback Policy : In addition to any other remedies available to the Company (but subject to applicable law), if the Board, or the Compensation Committee, determines that an employee has engaged in fraud or misconduct that resulted in a financial restatement, the Company may recover, in whole or in part, any incentive compensation, equity award, and/or profit realized from the sale of Company securities, including any payment under the ICP, made or received in the 12 months after the filing of the financial statement that was found to be inaccurate.


Exhibit 10.56

EXECUTION COPY
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This Employment Agreement (“Agreement”) is made this 18th day of September, 2015 by and between Discovery Communications, LLC (“Company”) and Paul Guagliardo (“Executive”).
As a condition to and in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants set forth in this Agreement, Company hereby offers Executive and Executive hereby accepts employment upon the terms and conditions set forth herein.
I. DUTIES, ACCEPTANCE, LOCATION
A.
Company hereby employs Executive to render exclusive and full-time services as Chief Commercial Officer of Company and, subject to appointment by the Board of Discovery Communications, Inc. (“DCI”), of DCI, upon the terms and conditions set forth herein. Executive’s duties shall be consistent with his title and as otherwise directed by Company. Executive shall report to the Chief Executive Officer of DCI and his primary office location shall be Company’s offices in the New York, New York metropolitan area.
B.
Company reserves the right to change the individual and/or position to whom/which Executive reports and the location where Executive works, in each case, subject to Section IV(D)(1).
C.
Executive hereby accepts such employment and agrees to render the services described above. Throughout his employment with Company, Executive agrees to serve Company faithfully and to the best of his ability, and to devote his full business time and energy to perform the duties arising under this Agreement in a professional manner that does not discredit, but furthers the interests of Company.
II. TERM OF EMPLOYMENT
A.
Subject to Section IV, Executive’s term of employment shall be three (3) years beginning on October 5, 2015 and ending October 4, 2018 (“Term of Employment”).
B.
Company shall have the option to enter negotiations with Executive to renew this Agreement with Executive for an additional term. If Company wishes to exercise its option to enter negotiations with Executive to renew this Agreement, it will give Executive written notice of its intent to enter such negotiations to renew not later than sixty (60) days prior to the end of the Term of Employment. Executive and Company agree then to negotiate with





each other in good faith until the end of the Term of Employment. The Term of Employment may not, however, be extended unless by mutual agreement of the Company and Executive as to all of the material terms and conditions of the extension. In the event the parties do not enter into an agreement to extend this Agreement for an additional term, this Agreement shall expire and the Term of Employment shall end on October 4, 2018; provided, however, that if the Company does not make a Qualifying Renewal Offer, Executive shall be eligible for a severance payment pursuant to Section IV(D)(2) herein in connection with his Separation from Service (as defined below) at the end of the Term of Employment (and assuming that he was willing and able to extend the Term). If Company has made a Qualifying Renewal Offer, but Executive declines the offer and terminates employment at the end of the Term of Employment, Executive will not be eligible for any severance pay from the Company but will be eligible for a Noncompetition Payment (as defined by, and in accordance with, Section VI (G), below). For these purposes, a Qualifying Renewal Offer is an offer to renew this Agreement with compensation terms that are at least the same level as in effect at the end of the Term of Employment, and with other material terms that are as favorable in the aggregate as the material terms of this Agreement.
III. COMPENSATION
A.
Base Salary . Company agrees to provide Executive with an annual base salary of ONE MILLION FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS ($1,400,000). Beginning October 5, 2015, this sum will be paid over the course of twelve (12) months, in substantially equal increments paid on regular Company paydays, less such sums as the law requires Company to deduct or withhold. Executive shall not be eligible for a merit increase in the March 2016 merit increase review cycle. Beginning in 2017, Executive’s future salary increases will be reviewed and decided in accordance with Company’s standard practices and procedures for similarly situated senior executives. Company may increase, but may not reduce, Executive’s annual base salary.
B.
Bonus/Incentive Payment . In addition to the base salary paid to Executive pursuant to Section III(A), Executive shall be eligible for an annual incentive payment target of ONE HUNDRED FIFTEEN PERCENT (115%) of his base salary. The portion of the incentive payment to be received by Executive will be determined in accordance with Company’s applicable incentive or bonus plan in effect at that time (e.g., subject to reduction for Company under-performance and increase for Company over-performance) and will be paid in accordance with the applicable incentive or bonus plan. Executive shall be eligible for a prorated bonus for 2015, based on the number of days of employment in 2015 and calculated using financial metrics based on overall Company performance but not more than 100% for Company performance.

2




Company shall determine the bonus payout amount for Executive based on the terms of the annual bonus plan and consistent with the process followed for other similarly-situated senior executives.
C.
Benefits . Executive shall be entitled to participate in and to receive any and all benefits generally available to similarly situated senior executives of the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of the applicable plan or arrangement.
D.
Equity Program . Executive will be recommended for awards of nonqualified stock options (“Stock Options”) and performance based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) under the Discovery Communications, Inc. 2013 Incentive Plan (the “Stock Plan”), with a total target value of TWO MILLION DOLLARS ($2,000,000). The awards shall be subject to approval by the Compensation Committee and made in two grants: an award of Stock Options with a target value of ONE MILLION DOLLARS ($1,000,000), made within 30 days of Executive’s first day of employment with Company, and an award of PRSUs with a target value of ONE MILLION DOLLARS ($1,000,000), made at the same time as annual grants are made to similarly situated senior executives and in no event later than the 90 th day of 2016. The number of units for the PRSUs will be calculated by dividing the target value by the closing price of Discovery Series A common stock on the day before the date of grant, and the number of Stock Options using the Black-Scholes value as of the last trading day of the month prior to date of grant. The terms of the grant are subject to the terms of the Stock Plan and award agreements in the standard forms utilized for similarly situated executives (including vesting schedule, which for the Stock Options will be no less favorable than annual vesting over four years beginning on the date of grant). Beginning in 2017, Executive shall be considered for annual equity awards under Company’s standard process for similarly-situated senior executives.
IV. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND AGREEMENT
A.
Death . If Executive should die during the Term of Employment, this Agreement will terminate. No further amounts or benefits shall be payable except earned but unpaid base salary, a ny annual bonus for a completed year which was earned but not paid as of the date of termination, any accrued but unused vacation leave pay, reimbursement of any unreimbursed business expenses incurred in accordance with Company policy , and those benefits that may vest in accordance with the controlling documents for other relevant Company benefits programs, which shall be paid in accordance with the terms of such other Company benefit programs, including the terms governing the time and manner of payment (“Accrued Benefits”).

3




B.
Inability To Perform Duties . If, during the Term of Employment, Executive should become physically or mentally disabled, such that he is unable to perform his duties under Sections I (A) and (C) hereof for (i) a period of six (6) consecutive months or (ii) for shorter periods that add up to six (6) months in any eight (8)-month period, by written notice to the Executive, Company may terminate this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Executive’s employment shall terminate upon Executive incurring a “separation from service” under the medical leave rules of Section 409A. In that case, no further amounts or benefits shall be payable to Executive, except that Executive shall receive the Accrued Benefits, and, until (i) he is no longer disabled or (ii) he becomes 65 years old -- whichever happens first – Executive may be entitled to receive continued coverage under the relevant medical or disability plans to the extent permitted by such plans and to the extent such benefits continue to be provided to similarly situated senior executive of the Company generally, provided that in the case of any continued coverage under one or more of Company’s medical plans, if Company determines that the provision of continued medical coverage at Company’s sole or partial expense may result in Federal taxation of the benefit provided thereunder to Executive or his dependents because such benefits are provided by a self-insured basis by Company, then Executive shall be obligated to pay the full monthly COBRA or similar premium for such coverage. In such event, Company shall pay Executive, in a lump sum, within 30 days following the Company’s determination that the benefits may be taxable, an amount equivalent to the monthly premium for COBRA coverage for 18 months (based on the COBRA rates then in effect) on a net after-tax basis (assuming Executive pays taxes at the highest marginal rates in the applicable jurisdictions).
C.
Termination For Cause .
1.
Company may terminate Executive’s employment and this Agreement for Cause by written notice. Cause shall mean under this paragraph: (i) the conviction of, or nolo contendere or guilty plea, to a felony (whether any right to appeal has been or may be exercised); (ii) conduct constituting embezzlement, material misappropriation or fraud, whether or not related to Executive’s employment with the Company; (iii) conduct constituting a financial crime, material act of dishonesty or conduct in violation of Company’s Code of Ethics; (iv) improper conduct substantially prejudicial to the Company’s business; (v) willful unauthorized disclosure or use of Company confidential information; (vi) material improper destruction of Company property; or (vii) willful misconduct in connection with the performance of Executive’s duties. For purposes hereof, no act, or failure to act, on the part of Executive shall be considered “willful” unless it is done, or omitted to be done, by Executive in bad faith or without reasonable

4




belief that Executive’s action or omission was in the best interests of the Company. An act, or failure to act, based on specific authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Board of Directors of Discovery Communications, Inc. or on the advice of counsel for the Company shall be presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, by Executive in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.
2.
In the event that Executive materially neglects his duties under Sections I(A) or (C) hereof or engages in other conduct that constitutes a material breach by Executive of this Agreement (collectively “Breach”), Company shall so notify Executive in writing. Executive will be afforded a one-time-only opportunity to cure the noted Breach within ten (10) days from receipt of this notice. If no cure is achieved within this time, or if Executive engages in the same Breach a second time after once having been given the opportunity to cure, Company may terminate this Agreement by written notice to Executive. For the avoidance of doubt, a period of medical incapacity or disability or authorized leave of absence shall not be considered material neglect of duties or a breach by Executive of this Agreement under this Section.
3.
Any termination of employment pursuant to Sections IV(C)(1) or Section IV(C)(2) hereof shall be considered a termination of Executive’s employment “For Cause” (or for “Cause”) and upon such termination, Executive shall only be entitled to receive any amounts or benefits hereunder that have been earned or vested at the time of such termination in accordance with the terms of the applicable governing Company plan(s) (including the provisions of such plan(s) governing the time and manner of payment), and/or as may be required by law. “Cause” as used any such Company plan shall be deemed to mean solely the commission of the acts described in Sections IV(C)(1) or Section IV(C)(2) hereof (after giving effect to the cure opportunity described therein).
D.
Termination Of Agreement By Executive for Good Reason/Termination of Agreement by Company Not For Cause .
1.
Company may terminate Executive’s employment and this Agreement not for Cause (as “cause” is defined above), and Executive may terminate his employment and this Agreement for “good reason” as defined herein. “Good Reason” for purposes of this Agreement shall only mean the occurrence of any of the following events without Executive’s consent: (a) a material reduction in Executive’s duties, title, or responsibilities; (b) Company’s material change in the location of the Company office where Executive works (i.e., relocation to a location outside the New York City metropolitan area); (c) a reduction

5




in Executive’s annual base salary or annual bonus target opportunity; (d) Company’s or its subsidiary’s or affiliate’s material breach of this Agreement or any other material agreement between Executive and the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate; (e) a change in the reporting structure whereby you are required to report to an officer other than the Chief Executive Officer of DCI. (other than a change to report directly to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of DCI or the Board of Directors of DCI); (f) the failure to approve the Stock Options and PRSU equity awards specified in Section III(D), or (g) the failure to appoint you as Chief Commercial Officer of DCI within ninety (90) days of Executive’s first day of employment; provided, however, that Executive must provide the Company with written notice of the existence of the change constituting Good Reason within sixty (60) days of any such event having occurred, and allow the Company thirty (30) days to cure the same. If Company so cures the change, Executive shall not have a basis for terminating his employment for Good Reason with respect to such cured change. Executive must terminate his employment in writing within five (5) days following the expiration of Company’s cure period for the termination to be on account of Good Reason or such right shall be deemed waived.
2.
If Company terminates Executive’s employment and this Agreement not for Cause, or if Executive terminates his employment and this Agreement for Good Reason then the following payments (“Severance Payment”) will be made:
(a) Subject to paragraph 3 immediately below, on the Release Deadline (as defined below), Company will commence to pay Executive Executive’s annual base salary for the longer of (i) the balance of the Term of Employment, (ii) twelve (12) months, or (iii) the number of weeks of severance to which the Executive would have been entitled had the Company’s then-current redundancy severance plan applied to Executive’s termination (the “Base Salary Continuation”). In the event the period of Base Salary Continuation is calculated under Section 2(a)(ii) or 2(a)(iii) of this paragraph and the Company relieves the Executive of all of Executive’s work responsibilities for some period of time prior to the effective date of Executive’s termination of employment, this period of “garden leave” shall be offset against the number of weeks of Base Salary Continuation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Base Salary Continuation may in no event be less than thirteen (13) weeks.
The Base Salary Continuation shall be paid in substantially equal increments on regular Company paydays, less required deductions and withholdings, until the balance is paid in full.

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(b) Executive will be paid the prorated portion of his bonus under the Company’s incentive or bonus plan for the year in which the termination occurs. The bonus/incentive payment portion of the Severance Payment will be paid in the year following the calendar year in which the termination occurs on the date that Company pays bonuses/incentive payments to its other executives at Executive’s level in the Company and will be paid at the target amount set forth in Section III(B), subject to Company/Division performance but not more than 100 percent for Company/Division’s target performance. The determination of Executive’s bonus payout amount shall use the same method and calculations as applied to similarly-situated senior executives who have not separated employment (Executive’s bonus shall be calculated in the normal course using Company’s standard processes for senior executives provided that negative discretion shall only be applied to the extent it is applied generally to similarly-situated senior executives).
(c) Company shall make a one-time payment to Executive in an amount that, after reduction for applicable taxes (assuming Executive pays taxes at the highest marginal rates in the applicable jurisdictions), is equal to the then-current monthly premium for COBRA coverage at the level at which Executive is enrolled at the time of separation, multiplied by the lesser of (1) the number of months in the Base Salary Continuation period, or (2) 18 months.
3.
No Severance Payment will be made if Executive fails to sign a release substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Such release must be executed and become effective within the sixty (60) calendar day period following the date of Executive’s “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A (the last day of such period being the “Release Deadline”). No Severance Payment will be made if Executive violates the provisions of Section VI hereof, in which case all Severance Payment shall cease, and those already made shall be forfeited.
4.
Company agrees that if, at the time Executive is Terminated not For Cause, or Executive terminates his employment for Good Reason, Company has a standard severance policy in effect that would be applicable in the absence of this Agreement (i.e., applicable to the circumstances surrounding the termination) and that would result in Executive’s receiving a sum greater than this Severance Payment, Executive will receive whichever is the greater of these two payments; provided, that if (i) the standard severance policy would provide for a sum greater than the Severance Payment, and (ii) the payment schedule under the Severance Policy is different from the payment

7




schedules for the Severance Payment and would result in an impermissible acceleration or delay in payment in violation of the time and manner of payment requirements of Section 409A, then the payment schedule provided in the Company’s standard severance policy shall only apply to the portion of the amount payable under the standard severance policy that exceeds the Severance Payment.
5.
If Executive terminates this Agreement before the Term of Employment has expired for a reason other than those stated in Section IV(D)(1) hereof, it will be deemed a material breach of this Agreement. Executive agrees that, in that event, in addition to any other rights and remedies which Company may have as a result of such breach, he will forfeit all right and obligations to be compensated for any remaining portion of his annualized base salary, Severance Payment, bonus/incentive payment that may otherwise be due under this Agreement, pursuant to other Company plans or policies, or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Executive further agrees that this breach would cause substantial harm to the Company’s business and prospects. Executive agrees that Executive committing this breach shall mean that he owes Company the prompt payment of cash equivalent to six (6) months of base salary (on a gross basis before taxes). Furthermore, Executive acknowledges and agrees that the full damages for Executive’s breach are not subject to calculation and that the amount owed under the preceding sentence, therefore, will only reimburse Company for a portion of the damage done. For this reason, Company shall remain entitled to recover from Executive any and all damages Company has suffered and, in addition, Company will be entitled to injunctive relief. The parties agree that the repayment described in this Section IV(D) is expressly not Company’s exclusive or sole remedy.
E.
Right To Offset . In the event that Executive secures employment or any consulting or contractor or business arrangement for services he performs during the period that any payment from Company is continuing or due under Section IV(D) hereof, Executive shall have the obligation to timely notify Company of the source and amount of payment (“Offset Income”). Company shall have the right to reduce the amounts it would otherwise have to pay Executive by the Offset Income. Executive acknowledges and agrees that any deferred compensation for his services from another source that are performed while receiving Severance Payment from Company, will be treated as Offset Income (regardless of when Executive chooses to receive such compensation). In addition, to the extent that Executive’s compensation arrangement for the services include elements that are required to be paid later in the term of the arrangement (e.g., bonus or other payments that are earned in full or part based on performance or service requirements for the period during which the

8




Severance Payment is made), the Company may calculate the Offset Income by annualizing or by using any other reasonable methodology to attribute the later payments to the applicable period of the Severance Payment. Executive agrees to provide Company with information sufficient to determine the calculation of the Offset Income, including compensation excerpts of any employment agreement or other contract for services, Form W-2s, and any other documentation that the Company reasonably may require, and that failure to provide timely notice to the Company of Offset Income or to respond to inquiries from Company regarding any such Offset Income shall be deemed a material breach of this Agreement. Executive also agrees that Company shall have the right to inquire of third party individuals and entities regarding potential Offset Income and to inform such parties of Company’s right of offset under this Agreement with Executive. Accordingly, Executive agrees that no further Severance Payment from Company will be made until or unless this breach is cured and that all payments from Company already made to Executive, during the time he failed to disclose his Offset Income, shall be forfeited and must be returned to Company upon its demand. Any offsets made by the Company pursuant to this Section IV(E) shall be made at the same time and in the same amount as a Severance Payment amount is otherwise payable (applying the Offset Income to the Company’s payments in the order each are paid) so as not to accelerate or delay the payment of any Severance Payment installment. Furthermore, in the event that Executive provides Competitive Services during the first six months after the expiration of the Restricted Period (both as defined in Section VI), and fails to obtain the Company’s prior written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned) to do so, Executive shall not be entitled to any Severance Payment during any period of such six-month period in which he is providing Competitive Services.
F.
Mitigation . In the event of termination of employment pursuant to Section IV(D) herein, and during the period that any payment from Company is continuing or due under Section IV(D), Executive shall be under a continuing obligation to seek other employment, including taking all reasonable steps to identify and apply for any comparable, available jobs for which Executive is qualified.  At the Company’s request, Executive may be required to furnish to the Company proof that Executive has engaged in efforts consistent with this paragraph, and Executive agrees to comply with any such request.  Executive further agrees that the Company may follow-up with reasonable inquiries to third parties to confirm Executive’s mitigation efforts.  Should the Company determine in good faith that Executive failed to take reasonable steps to secure alternative employment consistent with this paragraph, the Company shall be entitled to cease any payments due to Executive pursuant to Section IV(D)(2).
V. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

9




A.
Executive acknowledges his fiduciary duty to Company. As a condition of employment, Executive agrees to protect and hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of Company all confidential information, knowledge or data, including , without limitation, all trade secrets relating to Company or any of its subsidiaries, and their respective businesses, (i) obtained by the Executive during his employment by Company or otherwise and (ii) that is not otherwise publicly known (other than by reason of an unauthorized act by the Executive). After termination of the Executive’s employment with Company, Executive shall not communicate or divulge any such information, knowledge or data to anyone other than Company and those designated by it, without the prior written consent of Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, confidential information, knowledge or data shall not in any event include (A) Executive’s personal knowledge and know-how relating to marketing and business techniques which Executive has developed over his career and of which Executive was aware prior to his employment, or (B) information which (i) was generally known or generally available to the public prior to its disclosure to Executive; (ii) becomes generally known or generally available to the public subsequent to disclosure to Executive through no wrongful act of any person or (iii) which Executive is required to disclose by applicable law or regulation.
B.
In the event that Executive is compelled, pursuant to a subpoena or other order of a court or other body having jurisdiction over such matter, to produce any information relevant to Company, whether confidential or not, Executive agrees to provide Company with written notice of this subpoena or order so that Company may timely move to quash if appropriate, to the extent Executive is legally permitted to provide such notice to Company. Company shall bear the costs of any action directed by Company to move to quash such a subpoena or order.
C.
During the first five years after Executive’s separation from employment, Executive also agrees to reasonably cooperate with Company in any legal action for which his participation is needed. Company will provide Executive with reasonable advance notice of its need for Executive and agrees to try to coordinate with Executive on the time and place of all such meetings so that they do not unduly interfere with Executive’s pursuits after he is no longer in Company’s employ. Company shall promptly reimburse Executive for reasonable travel and out of pocket expenses associated with Executive’s post-separation cooperation under this Section. In the event Company requires Executive to devote significant time to post-separation cooperation, Company and Executive shall establish in good faith an hourly or daily rate based on Executive’s base salary as of the separation date to compensate Executive for Executive’s time expended at the Company’ s request. Executive shall be eligible for indemnification and director and officer insurance coverage for his

10




post-separation cooperation, in accordance with Company’s corporate governance requirements and policies then in effect.
VI. RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
A.
Executive covenants that during his employment with Company and, for a period of twelve (12) months after the conclusion of Executive’s employment with Company (the “Restricted Period”), he will not, directly or indirectly, on his own behalf or on behalf of any entity or individual, engage in the following activities within the Restricted Territory: any business activities involving nonfiction, scripted, sports, lifestyle, or general entertainment television (whether in cable, broadcast, free to air, or any other distribution method), or business activities otherwise competitive with any area of the Company for which Executive had management responsibilities during the three years prior to the termination date (“Competitive Services”). The Restricted Territory is the United States and any other country for which the Executive had management responsibility on behalf of Company (e.g., supervised employees located in that country or was involved in business or programming operations in that country) at any time during the three (3) years prior to the Executive’s separation from employment. This provision shall not prevent Executive from owning stock in any publicly-traded company or from making passive investments in any mutual fund, hedge funds, private equity funds, private investment fund or any other similar investment vehicle or from commencing employment with a subsidiary, division, department or unit of any entity that engages in Competitive Services so long as Executive and such subsidiary, division, department or unit do not engage in such Competitive Services. Executive agrees that this Section VI (A) is a material part of this Agreement, breach of which will cause Company irreparable harm and damages, the loss of which cannot be adequately compensated at law. In the event that the provisions of this paragraph should ever be deemed to exceed the limitations permitted by applicable laws, Executive and Company agree that such provisions shall be reformed to the maximum limitations permitted by the applicable laws. In the event that the Executive is placed on “garden leave” pursuant to Section IV (D) prior to separation and the period of Base Salary Continuation is less than twelve months, the Restricted Period shall be twelve months or the period of Base Salary Continuation, whichever is shorter.
B.
If Executive wishes to pursue Competitive Services during the Restricted Period and to obtain the written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned) of the Company before doing so, Executive may request consent from the Company by providing written evidence, including assurances from Executive and his potential employer, that the fulfillment of Executive’s duties in such proposed work or activity would not involve any use, disclosure, or reliance upon the confidential information or trade secrets of the Company.

11




C.
During his employment and for a period of eighteen (18) months following the conclusion of Executive’s employment with Company, Executive covenants that he will not directly or indirectly solicit, recruit, interfere with otherwise attempt to entice, any employees of Company or its subsidiary and affiliated companies to leave their employment. Executive shall not be in violation of this Section VI(C) by reason of providing a personal reference for any employee of the Company or its subsidiary and affiliated companies or soliciting individuals for employment through a general advertisement not targeted specifically to employees of the Company or its subsidiary and affiliated companies or by actions taken by any person or entity with which Executive is associated if Executive is not, directly or indirectly, personally involved in such solicitation and has not identified such employee of the Company or its subsidiary and affiliated companies.
D.
During his employment and for a twelve (12) month period following the conclusion of Executive’s employment with Company, Executive covenants that he will not directly or indirectly solicit, recruit, interfere with or otherwise attempt to entice, solicit, induce or encourage any vendor, producer, independent contractor, or business partner to terminate its business relationship with Company or its subsidiary and affiliated companies. Executive shall not be in violation of this Section VI(C) by reason of soliciting any vendor, producer, independent contractor, or business partner individuals through a general advertisement not targeted specifically to any vendor, producer, independent contractor, or business partner of the Company or its subsidiary and affiliated companies or by actions taken by any person or entity with which Executive is associated if Executive is not, directly or indirectly, personally involved in such solicitation and has not identified such vendor, producer, independent contractor, or business partner of the Company or its subsidiary and affiliated companies.
E.
During the period Executive is employed by Company, Executive covenants and agrees not to engage in any other business activities whatsoever, or to directly or indirectly render services of a business, commercial or professional nature to any other business entity or organization, regardless of whether Executive is compensated for these services. The only exception to this provision is if Executive obtains the prior written consent of Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, which may be in the form of an email.
F.
Throughout the period that Executive is an employee of Company, Executive agrees to disclose to Company any direct investments (i.e., an investment in which Executive has made the decision to invest in a particular company) he has in a company that engages in Competitive Services(“Competitor”) or that Company is doing business with during the Term of Employment (“Partner”), if such direct investments result in Executive or Executive’s immediate family members, and/or a trust established by Executive or Executive’s immediate

12




family members, owning five percent or more of such a Competitor or Partner. This Section VI(F) shall not prohibit Executive, however, from making passive investments in any mutual fund, hedge funds, private equity funds, private investment fund or any other similar investment vehicle (i.e., where Executive does not make the decision to invest in a particular company, even if those funds or vehicles, in turn, invest in such a Competitor or Partner). Regardless of the nature of Executive’s investments, Executive herein agrees that his investments may not materially interfere with Executive’s obligations and ability to provide services under this Agreement.
G.
If Company makes a Qualifying Renewal Offer , but the parties are unable to agree on final terms and Executive declines such renewal offer, and Executive terminates employment at the end of the Term of Employment, Executive will be eligible for a Noncompetition Payment. Provided that Executive signs a release in the form attached hereto, and such release is executed and becomes effective on or before the Release Deadline (as defined in Section IV(D)(2)), on the Release Deadline, Company will commence to pay Executive an amount equal to 50% of Executive’s annual base salary for the Restricted Period . The Noncompetition Payment shall be paid in substantially equal increments on regular Company paydays, less required deductions and withholdings, until the balance is paid in full, provided that Executive complies with the provisions of this Section VI.
H.
Prior to the conclusion of Executive’s employment with Company, Executive shall return all Company property and materials, including without limitation, equipment, such as laptop computers and mobile telephones, and documentation, such as files (including originals and copies), notes, e-mail accounts and computer disks. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Executive may retain compensation-related information and copies of benefit plans and programs needed for tax preparation and support, Executive’s personal effects from his Company office, and a copy of personal diaries, calendars and contact lists. Company reserves the right to review materials that Executive elects to retain under this Section and to redact or otherwise limit in good faith the information retained to protect Company’s confidential information and trade secrets.
I.
In the event that Executive violates any provision of this Section VI, in addition to any injunctive relief and damages to which Executive acknowledges Company would be entitled, all Severance Payment to Executive, if any, shall cease, and those already made will be forfeited.
VII. ARBITRATION
A.
Submission To Arbitration . Company and Executive agree to submit to arbitration all claims, disputes, issues or controversies between Company and

13




Executive or between Executive and other employees of Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates (collectively “Claims”) directly or indirectly relating to or arising out of Executive’s employment with Company or the termination of such employment including, but not limited to Claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1966, as amended, the Family Medical Leave Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, any Claim arising out of this Agreement, and any similar federal, state or local law, statute, regulation or common law doctrine.
B.
Use Of AAA. Choice of Law. All Claims for arbitration shall be presented to the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) in accordance with its applicable rules. The arbitrator(s) shall be directed to apply the substantive law of federal and state courts sitting in Maryland, without regard to conflict of law principles. Any arbitration, pursuant to this Agreement, shall be deemed an arbitration proceeding subject to the Federal Arbitration Act.
C.
Binding Effect . Arbitration will be binding and will afford parties the same options for damage awards as would be available in court. Executive and Company agree that discovery will be allowed and all discovery disputes will be decided exclusively by arbitration.
D.
Damages and Costs . Any damages shall be awarded only in accord with applicable law. The arbitrator may only order reinstatement of the Executive if money damages are insufficient. The parties shall share equally in all fees and expenses of arbitration. However, each party shall bear the expense of its own counsel, experts, witnesses and preparation and presentation of proof.
VIII. CONTROLLING LAW AND ADDITIONAL COVENANTS
A.
The validity and construction of this Agreement or any of its provisions shall be determined under the laws of Maryland. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect or limit the validity and enforceability of the other provisions.
B.
If any provision of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall nevertheless continue in full force without being impaired or invalidated.
C.
Executive warrants that (1) his employment under this Employment Agreement will not violate or conflict in any way with any other contract or agreement to which Executive is bound, to the best of Executive’s knowledge and belief; and (2) Executive will not intentionally do anything on behalf of Company that violates or conflicts with any such contract or agreement (a

14




violation of this Subsection (2) shall be considered a Breach under Section IV(C)(2), subject to the notice and cure provisions of that Section).
D.
Executive expressly acknowledges that Company has advised Executive to consult with independent legal counsel of his choosing to review and explain to Executive the legal effect of the terms and conditions of this Agreement prior to Executive’s signing this Agreement.
E.
This Agreement supersedes any and all other agreements, either oral or in writing, between the parties with respect to the employment of Executive by Company, and contains all of the covenants and agreements between the parties with respect to such employment in any manner whatsoever. Each party to this Agreement acknowledges that no representations, inducements, promises or agreements, orally or otherwise, have been made by any party, or anyone acting on behalf of any party, that are not stated in this Agreement, and that no other agreement, statement or promise not contained in this Agreement shall be valid or binding.
F.
Any modifications to this Agreement will be effective only if in writing and signed by the party to be charged.
G.
Any payments to be made by Company hereunder shall be made subject to applicable law, including required deductions and withholdings.
H.
Section 409A of the Code.
1.
It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement comply with Section 409A of the Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively, “Code Section 409A”), and all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Code Section 409A. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall have no liability with regard to any failure to comply with Code Section 409A so long as it has acted in good faith with regard to compliance therewith.
2.
If under this Agreement, an amount is to be paid in two or more installments, for purposes of Code Section 409A, each installment shall be treated as a separate payment.
3.
A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of this Agreement providing for the payment of amounts or benefits upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “Separation from Service” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of this Agreement, references to a “resignation,”

15




“termination,” “termination of employment” or like terms shall mean Separation from Service.
4.
If Executive is deemed on the date of termination of his employment to be a “specified employee”, within the meaning of that term under Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of the Code and using the identification methodology selected by the Company from time to time, or if none, the default methodology, then:
a.
With regard to any payment, the providing of any benefit or any distribution of equity upon separation from service that constitutes “deferred compensation” subject to Code Section 409A, such payment, benefit or distribution shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or (ii) the date of the Executive’s death; and
b.
On the first day of the seventh month following the date of Executive’s Separation from Service or, if earlier, on the date of his death, (x) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section VIII(H)(4) (whether they would otherwise have been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal dates specified from them herein and (y) all distributions of equity delayed pursuant to this Section VIII(H)(4) shall be made to Executive.
5.
With regard to any provision herein that provides for reimbursement of costs and expenses or in-kind benefits, except as permitted by Code Section 409A, (i) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, of in-kind benefits, provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year, provided that the foregoing clause (ii) shall not be violated without regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Section 105(b) of the Code solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect and (iii) such payments shall be made on or before the last day of the Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense occurred.

16




6.
Whenever a payment under this Agreement specifies a payment period with reference to a number of days (e.g., “payment shall be made within thirty (30) days following the date of termination), the actual date of payment within the specified period shall be within the sole discretion of the Company.
I.
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors, heirs (in the case of the Executive) and assigns. The rights or obligations under this Agreement may not be assigned or transferred by either party, except that such rights or obligations may be assigned or transferred pursuant to a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the continuing entity, or the sale or liquidation of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; provided, however, that the assignee or transferee is the successor to all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and such assignee or transferee assumes the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company, as contained in this Agreement, either contractually or as a matter of law.
J.
This Agreement may be executed with electronic signatures, in any number of counterparts, as shall subsequently be executed with actual signatures. The electronically signed Agreement shall constitute one original agreement. Duplicates and electronically signed copies of this Agreement shall be effective and fully enforceable as of the date signed and sent.
K.
All notices and other communications to be made or otherwise given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given when the same are (i) addressed to the other party at the mailing address, facsimile number or email address indicated below, and (ii) either: (a) personally delivered or mailed, registered or certified mail, first class postage-prepaid return receipt requested, (b) delivered by a reputable private overnight courier service utilizing a written receipt or other written proof of delivery, to the applicable party, (c) faxed to such party, or (d) sent by electronic email. Any notice sent in the manner set forth above by United States Mail shall be deemed to have been given and received three (3) days after it has been so deposited in the United States Mail, and any notice sent in any other manner provided above shall be deemed to be given when received. The substance of any such notice shall be deemed to have been fully acknowledged in the event of refusal of acceptance by the party to whom the notice is addressed. Until further notice given in according with the foregoing, the respective addresses and fax numbers for the parties are as follows:
If to Company :                    
Discovery Communications, LLC        
One Discovery Place                

17




Silver Spring, MD 20910-3354            
Attention: General Counsel        
Fax: (240) 662-1485                    
                                    
If to Executive, at the home address then on file with the Company.
With a copy to:
Michael A. Katz, Esq.
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
787 Seventh Avenue
New York, New York 10019
Fax: (212) 728-9204

18






In witness whereof, the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as set forth below.


/s/ Paul Guagliardo              9-18-2015        
Paul Guagliardo             Date



/s/ Adria Alpert Romm          Sept. 18, 2015        
Discovery Communications, LLC Date

For purposes of Section I and III(D) only:


/s/ Adria Alpert Romm          Sept. 18, 2015        
Discovery Communications, Inc.    Date




19




AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE
This Agreement and General Release (“Release”) is entered into by and between Discovery Communications, LLC (“Company”) and ________________ (“Executive”) to resolve any and all disputes concerning his employment with Company and his separation from employment on __________________. Accordingly, in exchange for the consideration and mutual promises set forth herein, the parties do hereby agree as follows:
1.      Effective close of business ________________, Executive’s employment with Company will terminate, and all salary continuation and benefits will cease other than those to which Executive is entitled in consideration for this Release as set forth in Executive’s Employment Agreement with Company (“Agreement”), which is incorporated by reference, and as a matter of law (e.g., COBRA benefits).
2.      In consideration for Executive’s executing this Release of any and all legal claims he might have against the Discovery Parties (as defined below), and the undertakings described herein, and to facilitate his transition to other employment, Company agrees to provide Executive with the consideration detailed in Section IV(D) (“Severance Payment”) of the Agreement.
3.      Neither Company nor Executive admits any wrongdoing of any kind.
4.      In exchange for the undertakings by Company described in the above paragraphs:
a.      Executive, for himself, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, does hereby release, acquit and forever discharge Company, its subsidiaries, affiliates and related entities, as well as all of their respective officers, shareholders, shareholder representatives, directors, members, partners, trustees, employees, attorneys, representatives and agents (collectively, the “Discovery Parties”), from any and all claims, demands, actions, causes of action, liabilities, obligations, covenants, contracts, promises, agreements, controversies, costs, expenses, debts, dues, or attorneys’ fees of every name and nature, whether known or unknown, without limitation, at law, in equity or administrative, against the Discovery Parties that he may have had, now has or may have against the Discovery Parties by reason of any matter or thing arising from the beginning of the world to the day and date of this Release, including any claim relating to the termination of his employment with any Discovery Party. Those claims, demands, liabilities and obligations from which Executive releases the Discovery Parties include, but are not limited to, any claim, demand or action, known or unknown, arising out of any transaction, act or omission related to Executive’s employment by any Discovery Party and Executive’s separation from such employment, sounding in tort or contract and/or any cause of action arising under federal, state or local statute or ordinance or common law, including, but not limited to, the federal Age Discrimination In Employment Act of 1967, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, the Americans With Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, the Maryland Human Rights Act, as well as any similar state or local statute(s), in each case as any such law may be amended from time to time. T he foregoing shall, in accordance with applicable law, not prohibit or prevent

1




Executive from filing a Charge with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) and/or any state or local agency equivalent, and/or prohibit or prevent Executive from participating in any investigation of any Charge filed by others, albeit that he understands and agrees that he shall not be entitled to seek monetary compensation for himself from the filing and/or participation in any such Charge. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained herein shall release the Discovery Parties from (1) the obligations set forth in this Release, (2) claims for vested benefits under any employee benefit plan, (3) any claim that arises after the date Executive signs this Release, (4) any claim made under state workers’ compensation or unemployment laws and/or any claim that cannot by law be released, (5) claims as a stockholder of the company or under any equity award agreement, (6) claims for indemnification or contribution under any operative documents of the company or its subsidiaries, or claims for coverage under any directors and officers insurance policy .
b.      Executive expressly acknowledges that his attorney has advised him regarding, and he is familiar with the fact that certain state statutes provide that general releases do not extend to claims that the releasor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time he executes such a release, which if known to him may have materially affected his execution of the release. Being aware of such statutes, Executive hereby expressly waives and relinquishes any rights or benefits he may have under such statutes, as well as any other state or federal statutes or common law principles of similar effect, and hereby acknowledges that no claim or cause of action against any Discovery Party shall be deemed to be outside the scope of this Release whether mentioned herein or not. Executive also specifically knowingly waives the provisions of Section 1542 of the Civil Code of the State of California, which reads: A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the debtor. Notwithstanding the provisions of Civil Code Section 1542 stated above and for the purpose of implementing a full and complete release and discharge of the Discovery Parties, Executive expressly acknowledges that this Agreement is specifically intended to include in its effect all claims that he does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time he signs this Agreement.
c.      Executive hereby acknowledges that he is executing this Release pursuant to the Agreement, and that the consideration to be provided to Executive pursuant to Section IV(D) of the Agreement is in addition to what he would have been entitled to receive in the absence of this Release. Executive hereby acknowledges that he is executing this Release voluntarily and with full knowledge of all relevant information and any and all rights he may have. Executive hereby acknowledges that he has been advised to consult with an independent attorney of his own choosing in connection with this Release to explain to him the legal effect of the terms and conditions of this Release and that Executive has consulted such an attorney for such purpose. Executive acknowledges that he has read this Release in its entirety. Executive further states that he fully understands the terms of this Release and that the only promises made to him in return for signing this Release are stated herein and in the Agreement in which this Release is incorporated. Executive hereby acknowledges that he is voluntarily and knowingly agreeing to the terms and conditions of this Release without any

2




threats, coercion or duress, whether economic or otherwise, and that Executive agrees to be bound by the terms of this Release. Executive acknowledges that he has been given twenty-one (21) days to consider this Release, and that if Executive is age forty (40) or over, Executive understands that he has seven (7) days following his execution of this Release in which to revoke his agreement to comply with this Release by providing written notice of revocation to the General Counsel of Company no later than three business days following such period.
d.    Executive further hereby covenants and agrees that this General Release shall be binding in all respects upon himself, his heirs, executors, administrators, assigns and transferees and all persons claiming under them, and shall inure to the benefit of all of the officers, directors, agents, employees, stockholders, members and partners and successors in interest of Company, as well as all parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, related entities and representatives of any of the foregoing persons and entities.
e.    Executive agrees that he will not disparage any Discovery Party or make or publish any communication that reflects adversely upon any of them, including communications concerning Company itself and its current or former directors, officers, employees or agents. Company’s directors and executive management will not disparage Executive or make or publish any communication that reflects adversely upon Executive.
f. Executive agrees to return all Company property and materials, including without limitation, equipment, such as laptop computers and mobile telephones, and documentation, such as files (including all originals and copies), notes, e-mail accounts and computer disks prior to the conclusion of Executive’s employment with Company.
5.          a.    If any provision of this Release is found to be invalid, unenforceable or void for any reason, such provision shall be severed from the Release and shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remaining provisions.
b.    Company and Executive agree that this Release, consisting of three (3) pages, and the Agreement in which this Release is incorporated, constitutes the entire agreement between them. The parties further warrant that they enter into this Release freely.
c.     This Release shall be interpreted, enforced and governed by the laws of the State of Maryland without regard to the choice of law principles thereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have signed this General Release this __ day of
_________________________, 201__.

By:                             

Print Name:                         

3





Subscribed and sworn to before me this ___ day of _______________, 201__.

                                                     
Notary Public
My Commission Expires             

4





Exhibit 12
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
(unaudited; in millions, except ratio amounts)
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
  
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Earnings:
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income from continuing operations, net of taxes
 
$
(313
)
 
$
1,218

 
$
1,048

 
$
1,137

 
$
1,077

Add:
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for income taxes
 
176

 
453

 
511

 
610

 
659

Loss (income) from equity investees, net
 
211

 
38

 
(1
)
  
(23
)
 
(18
)
Distributions of income from equity investees
 
12

  
6

  
8

  
22

  
14

Total interest expense
 
481

 
360

 
332

 
333

  
309

Portion of rents representative of the interest factor
 
42

  
41

  
44

  
48

  
31

Earnings, as adjusted
 
$
609

  
$
2,116

  
$
1,942

  
$
2,127

  
$
2,072

Fixed charges:
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest expense
 
$
481

  
$
360

  
$
332

  
$
333

  
$
309

Portion of rents representative of the interest factor
 
42

  
41

  
44

  
48

  
31

Total fixed charges
 
$
523

  
$
401

  
$
376

  
$
381

  
$
340

Preferred stock dividends
 

 

 

  

  

Total combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends
 
$
523

  
$
401

  
$
376

  
$
381

  
$
340

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
 
1.2
x
  
5.3
x
  
5.2
x
  
5.6
x
  
6.1
x
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends
 
1.2
x
  
5.3
x
  
5.2
x
  
5.6
x
  
6.1
x
 





Exhibit 21
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Entity
 
Place of Formation
3D NetCo, LLC
 
Delaware
A123 Online Interactive Services, Inc.
 
Delaware
Academy123, Inc.
 
Delaware
Adventure Race Productions, Inc.
 
Delaware
All Music SRL
 
Italy
AMHI, LLC
 
Delaware
Animal Planet (Asia) LLC
 
Delaware
Animal Planet Europe P/S
 
UK
Animal Planet (Japan) LLP
 
Delaware
Animal Planet (Latin America), L.L.C.
 
Delaware
Animal Planet North America, Inc.
 
Delaware
Animal Planet Televizyon Yayincilik Anonim Sirketi
 
Turkey
Animal Planet, LLC
 
Delaware
Animal Planet, LP
 
Delaware
Avrupa Spor Televizyon Yayincilik Anonim Sirketi
 
Turkey
Canadian AP Ventures Company
 
Nova Scotia
Clearvue & SVE, Inc.
 
Illinois
Convex Conversion, LLC
 
Delaware
DHC Discovery, Inc.
 
Colorado
DHC Ventures, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery 3D Holding, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Advertising Sales Taiwan Pte Ltd.
 
Singapore
Discovery AP Acquisition, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Asia, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Channel (Mauritius) Private Limited
 
Mauritius
Discovery Civilization North America, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Comunicacoes do Brasil LTDA
 
Brazil
Discovery Communications Argentina SRL
 
Argentina
Discovery Communications Benelux BV
 
Netherlands
Discovery Communications Bulgaria EOOD
 
Bulgaria
Discovery Communications Chile SpA
 
Chile
Discovery Communications Colombia Ltda
 
Colombia
Discovery Communications Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG
 
Germany
Discovery Communications Europe Limited
 
England and Wales
Discovery Communications Holding, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Communications India
 
India
Discovery Communications Ltd., L.L.C.
 
Delaware
Discovery Communications Nordic ApS
 
Denmark
Discovery Communications Spain and Portugal, S.L.
 
Spain
Discovery Communications Ukraine TOV
 
Ukraine
Discovery Communications Ventures, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Communications, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Content Verwaltungs GmbH
 
Germany
Discovery Corporate Services Limited
 
UK
Discovery Czech Republic S.R.O.
 
Czech Republic





Discovery doo Beograd
 
Serbia/UK
Discovery Education Assessment LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Education Canada ULC
 
Nova Scotia
Discovery Education Europe Group Limited
 
UK
Discovery Education Europe Ltd.
 
UK
Discovery Education, Inc.
 
Illinois
Discovery Enterprises, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Entertainment Services, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Extreme Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Extreme Music Publishing, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery (Barbados) Holdings Srl
 
Barbados
Discovery (Barbados) Holdings 2 Srl
 
Barbados
Discovery (Barbados) Holdings 3 Srl
 
Barbados
Discovery Foreign Holdings, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery France Holdings II SAS
 
France
Discovery France Holdings SAS
 
France
Discovery Germany, L.L.C.
 
Delaware
Discovery Health Channel, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Health North America, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Health NS, ULC
 
Nova Scotia
Discovery Health Ventures, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Holding Company
 
Delaware
Discovery Hungary Media Services LLC
 
Hungary
Discovery Italia S.r.l.
 
Italy
Discovery Kids North America, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Latin America Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Latin America Investments, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Latin America S.L.
 
Spain
Discovery Latin America, L.L.C.
 
Delaware
Discovery Licensing, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Lighting Investments Ltd.
 
UK
Discovery Luxembourg 1 S.à r.l.
 
Luxembourg
Discovery Luxembourg 3 S.à r.l.
 
Luxembourg
Discovery Luxembourg 4 S.à r.l.
 
Luxembourg
Discovery Luxembourg Holdings 1 S.à r.l.
 
Luxembourg
Discovery Luxembourg Holdings 2 S.à r.l.
 
Luxembourg
Discovery Media Private Limited
 
Singapore
Discovery Media Ventures Limited
 
UK
Discovery Medya Hizmetleri Limited Sirketi
 
Turkey
Discovery Mexico Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Networks Asia- Pacific Networks (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
 
Malaysia
Discovery Networks Asia-Pacific PTE. LTD
 
Singapore
Discovery Networks Caribbean, Inc.
 
Barbados
Discovery Networks Finland Oy
 
Finland
Discovery Networks International Holdings Limited
 
England and Wales
Discovery Networks International LLC
 
Colorado
Discovery Networks Korea Limited
 
Korea
Discovery Networks Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V.
 
Mexico
Discovery Networks Norge Holding AS
 
Norway





Discovery Networks Norway AS
 
Norway
Discovery Networks Sweden AB
 
Sweden
Discovery Networks, S.L.
 
Spain
Discovery New York, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery OWN Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Patent Licensing, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Pet Online Administration, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Pet Online Services, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Pet Video, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Polska SP z.o.o.
 
Poland
Discovery Productions Group, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Productions, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Publishing, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Realty, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Retail Cafes, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Romania S.r.l.
 
Romania
Discovery SC Investment, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Science Televizyon Yayýncýlýk Anonim Þirketi
 
Turkey
Discovery Services Australia Pty Ltd
 
Australia
Discovery Services Hong Kong Limited
 
Hong Kong
Discovery Services, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery Solar Ventures, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery South America Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Studios, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Talent Services, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Television Center, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Televizyon Yayýncýlýk Anonim Þirketi
 
Turkey
Discovery Thailand Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Times Channel, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Trademark Holding Company, Inc.
 
Delaware
Discovery TV Journalism Productions, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery Wings, LLC
 
Delaware
Discovery World Television, Inc.
 
Maryland
Discovery.com, LLC
 
Delaware
Discoverytravel.com, LLC
 
Delaware
DLA Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
DNAP Holdings Pte. Ltd.
 
Singapore
DNE Music Publishing Limited
 
England and Wales
DNI Europe Holdings Limited
 
England and Wales
DNI Foreign Holdings Limited
 
England and Wales
DNI German Holdings I Limited
 
England and Wales
DNI German Holdings II Limited
 
England and Wales
DNI Global LLP
 
England and Wales
DNI Group Holdings, LLC
 
Delaware
DNI Ireland Holdings 3
 
Ireland
DNI Jersey 1 Limited
 
Jersey
DNI Jersey 2 Limited
 
Jersey
DNI Jersey 3 Limited
 
Jersey
DNI Licensing Limited
 
UK





DNI Netherlands Holdings 1 Limited (f/k/a DNI Ireland Holdings 1 Limited)
 
Netherlands
DNI Netherlands Holdings 2 Limited (f/k/a DNI Ireland Holdings 2 Limited)
 
Netherlands
DNI US Limited
 
England and Wales
DPlay Entertainment Ltd.
 
UK
Dramatic Edge Music Publishing, LLC
 
Delaware
DSC Japan, L.L.C.
 
Delaware
DTHC, Inc.
 
Delaware
Education Media Delivery Ltd.
 
UK
E-FM Sverige AB
 
Sweden
Enformasyon Reklamcilik Ve Filmcilik Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.
 
Turkey
Epic Modern Music Publishing, LLC
 
Delaware
Eskiltuna SBS Radio AB
 
Sweden
ESP Media Distribution Portugal, S.A.
 
Portugal
Euradio I Sverige AB
 
Sweden
Eurosport Events Ltd.
 
UK
Eurosport Media SA
 
Switzerland
Eurosport SAS
 
France
Eurosport SRL
 
Italy
Eurosport Television BV
 
Netherlands
Eurosportnews Distribution Ltd.
 
Hong Kong
FM 5 A/S
 
Denmark
FM 6 A/S
 
Denmark
GeoNova Publishing, Inc.
 
Delaware
Global Mindset Music, LLC
 
Delaware
Green Content sp Zo.o
 
Poland
Gran TV S.A.
 
Argentina
HowStuffWorks, LLC
 
Delaware
Incentive Management Services, LLC
 
Delaware
JV Network, LLC
 
Delaware
Kaimax Media Oy
 
Finland
Liberty Animal Inc.
 
Delaware
Listening Works, LLC
 
Delaware
Liv (Latin America), LLC
 
Delaware
M Distribution Chile SpA
 
Chile
MDTV Distribution Iberia SL
 
Spain
Miracle Sound Oulu Oy
 
Finland
Miracle Sound Oy
 
Finland
Miracle Sound Tampere Oy
 
Finland
Mix Megapol.se AB
 
Sweden
Network USA Incorporated
 
Maryland
New SVE, Inc.
 
Illinois
Ostersjons Reklamradio AB
 
Sweden
Otrkytie TV OOO (f/k/a Discovery Communications OOO)
 
Russia
Patagonia Adventures, LLC
 
Delaware
Radio City AB
 
Sweden
Radio Daltid SBS AB
 
Sweden
Radio License Startup Halland AB
 
Sweden





Radio License Startup Orebro AB
 
Sweden
Radio License Startup Vasteras AB
 
Sweden
Radio Match AB
 
Sweden
Radio Nova A/S
 
Denmark
Radiobranschen RAB AB
 
Sweden
Radiotveckling I Sverige KB
 
Sweden
RIS Vinyl Skane AB
 
Sweden
Rockklassiker Sverige AB
 
Sweden
Run-of-Shows, LLC
 
Delaware
S7ories Limited
 
UK
SBS Discovery Media ApS
 
Denmark
SBS Discovery Media Holding ApS
 
Denmark
SBS Discovery Media Sweden Holding AB
 
Sweden
SBS Discovery Radio AB
 
Sweden
SBS Discovery Radio ApS
 
Denmark
SBS Discovery Radio Sweden Holding AB
 
Sweden
SBS Discovery TV AB
 
Sweden
SBS Discovery TV Oy
 
Finland
SBS Radio ApS
 
Denmark
SBS Radio HNV AB
 
Sweden
SBS Radio Sweden AB
 
Sweden
Setanta Sports Asia Limited
 
Ireland
SRU Svensk Radiotveckling AB
 
Sweden
Svensk Radiotveckling KB
 
Sweden
Takhayal Art Production JSC
 
Egypt
Takhayal Entertainment FZ LLC
 
Dubai
Takhayal Television FZ LLC
 
Dubai
The Audio Visual Group, Inc.
 
California
The Living Channel New Zealand Limited
 
New Zealand
Travel Daily News, Inc.
 
Delaware
Turmeric Vision Private Limited
 
India
Turner Info and Lifestyle
 
Russia
Turner Kids OOO
 
Russia
Value Proposition Publishing, LLC
 
Delaware
Vinyl AB
 
Sweden





Exhibit 23
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S‑3 (No. 333-205774) and the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-197910, 333-188730, 333-177850, 333-174451, 333-170317, 333-154312, 333-153586) of Discovery Communications, Inc. of our report dated February 28, 2018 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10‑K.  

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
McLean, VA
February 28, 2018





EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a - 14(a) AND RULE 15d - 14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, David M. Zaslav, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Discovery Communications, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 28, 2018
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ David M. Zaslav
 
 
 
 
 
 
David M. Zaslav
 
 
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer






EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a - 14(a) AND RULE 15d - 14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Gunnar Wiedenfels, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Discovery Communications, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 28, 2018
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Gunnar Wiedenfels
 
 
 
 
 
Gunnar Wiedenfels
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer





EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Discovery Communications, Inc. (“Discovery”), on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David M. Zaslav, President and Chief Executive Officer of Discovery, certify that to my knowledge:
 
1.
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
2.
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Discovery.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 28, 2018
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ David M. Zaslav
 
 
 
 
 
 
David M. Zaslav
 
 
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer





EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Discovery Communications, Inc. (“Discovery”), on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gunnar Wiedenfels, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Discovery, certify that to my knowledge:
 
1.
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
2.
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Discovery.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 28, 2018
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Gunnar Wiedenfels
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gunnar Wiedenfels
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer