Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. (Form: 10-K, Received: 02/21/2019 17:29:48)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549



	FORM 10-K

(Mark One)



ý	Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018



¨	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36131

Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	46-3044956
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

10 Corporate Drive, Suite 300 Burlington, Massachusetts	01803
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

(781) 852-3200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No ý

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 29, 2018, was $715,515,913.

As of February 19, 2019, there were 143,986,502 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which the registrant intends to file pursuant to Regulation 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year end of December 31, 2018 , are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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	Page
PART I.
Item 1. Business	2
Item 1A. Risk Factors	7
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments	28
Item 2. Properties	28
Item 3. Legal Proceedings	28
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	30
PART II.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	30
Item 6. Selected Financial Data	31
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	66
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	68
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	127
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures	127
Item 9B. Other Information	130
PART III.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	131
Item 11. Executive Compensation	131
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	131
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	131
Item 14. Principal Accountants Fees and Services	131
PART IV.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	132
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary	138
Signatures	139

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “may,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “could,” “should,” “contemplate,” “can,” “estimate,” “intend,” “likely,” “would,” “project,” “seek,” “target,” “might,” “plan,” “strategy,” “expect,” and similar expressions or variations are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes, among other things, forward-looking statements regarding our future results, growth and financial position, including, without limitation, statements about:


•	our plans in 2019 to make investments across our business to enhance our product capabilities and user experience, and to simplify and integrate our operations;


•	the anticipated results of such investments;


•	expected decreases in our total subscriber count for 2019 and thereafter, and the factors driving such expected decreases;


•	our planned approach to defending certain legal proceedings;


•	trends in cost of revenue and gross profit;


•	the impact on us of tax reform and new and recent accounting pronouncements; and


•	competition.

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make as a result of a number of important factors. These important factors include our “critical accounting policies and estimates” described in Part II, Item 7 “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and the factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “ Risk Factors ” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any settlements of pending legal proceedings or any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, and we expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, events, circumstances or otherwise.

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “Endurance,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.

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Part I



Item 1.	Business

We are a leading provider of cloud-based platform solutions designed to help small- and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, succeed online. We serve approximately 4.8 million subscribers globally with a range of products and services that help SMBs get online, get found and grow their businesses. In addition to for-profit businesses, our subscribers include non-profit organizations, community groups, bloggers, and hobbyists. Although we provide our solutions through a number of brands, we are focusing our marketing, engineering and product development efforts on a small number of strategic assets, including our Constant Contact, Bluehost, HostGator, and Domain.com brands.

For financial reporting purposes, we currently report our business results in three reportable segments, as follows:

Web Presence . Our web presence segment consists primarily of our web hosting brands, the largest of which are Bluehost and HostGator. This segment also includes related products such as domain names, website security, website design tools and services, and e-commerce products.

Domain . Our domain segment consists of domain-focused brands such as Domain.com, ResellerClub and LogicBoxes as well as certain web hosting brands that are under common management with our domain-focused brands. This segment sells domain names and domain management services to resellers and end users, as well as premium domain names, and also generates advertising revenue from domain name parking. It also resells domain names and domain management services to our web presence segment.

Email Marketing . Our email marketing segment consists of Constant Contact email marketing tools and related products and our SinglePlatform digital storefront solution.

You can find more information about our reportable segments in Note 21 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Market, Products and Services

SMBs represent a large and diverse market, both in the United States and internationally. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, there were approximately 30.2 million small businesses in the United States in 2015. Of these small businesses, approximately 24.3 million were non-employer firms, or companies that do not have paid employees. In addition, a 2010 study by the International Finance Corporation and McKinsey & Company estimates that there are more than 420 million micro, small and medium enterprises (defined as one to 250 employees) worldwide.

Many SMBs have limited technological and marketing expertise, time and financial resources. However, we believe SMBs understand that the Internet and the proliferation of mobile devices are changing the way consumers discover and transact with businesses, making an effective online presence critical.

Our offerings, which consist of both proprietary applications and third-party products, can be broadly grouped as follows: products that get SMBs online by providing an easy and cost-effective way to create an online presence; marketing solutions that help SMBs get found by increasing their online visibility and building customer loyalty; and services and applications such as dedicated processing power, collaboration tools and secure online payment services that help SMBs grow their business.

Getting SMBs Online:

Web Hosting and Builders . By providing a set of core products that combine storage, bandwidth and processing power, our entry-level shared hosting services enable subscribers to create an initial web presence quickly and cost-effectively. Our website building tools enable subscribers with varying degrees of technical sophistication to create a customized web presence. We also offer various premium elements that subscribers can purchase separately to enhance their website and provide a more engaging user experience for their customers, including mobile optimization, social networking features, customer interaction tools, embedded videos, photo galleries, blogs, maps, polls and community forums.

Domain Registration, Management and Resale . As an accredited domain registrar with approximately 11.9 million domains under management at December 31, 2018 , we enable our subscribers to search and purchase available domain names from a wide spectrum of domain registries. We also maintain a portfolio of premium domains that are available for resale.

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Security . We offer malware protection solutions to help protect our subscribers’ websites from viruses, malicious code and other threats. Our offerings, including a web application firewall, can help prevent attacks on subscriber websites before they affect subscriber data or operations. For subscribers that collect personally identifiable information or other private data from their customers and website visitors, we offer Secure Socket Layer, or SSL, certificates that encrypt data collected on a subscriber’s website.

Site Back-Up . We offer backup control solutions that enable subscribers to schedule, maintain, manage and restore backups of their online data and websites.

Getting SMBs Found:

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) . We offer a variety of search engine optimization and marketing solutions that can improve a subscriber’s ability to be discovered by potential customers. These services help a subscriber distribute its business profile to online directories and manage links and keywords with on-page diagnostic tools. We also offer pay-per-click (PPC) services designed to direct traffic to a subscriber’s website.

Mobile . We offer solutions that allow our subscribers to have their websites rendered on mobile devices and target mobile customers for their businesses, among other features and functionality. Our website builder solutions offer mobile-ready templates, which enable small businesses to ensure that their websites render well on desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

Social Media . We offer tools and services that enable our subscribers to communicate effectively with their customers and potential customers through social networks.

Analytics . We offer control panels and dashboards that provide our subscribers with tools to analyze activity on their websites.

Helping SMBs Grow:

Email Marketing . Our email marketing solution allows small businesses and other organizations to easily create, send and track professional-looking email campaigns, allowing them to communicate effectively with their customers and potential customers via email. Email marketing services available to subscribers include building and segmenting mailing lists, designing and managing email newsletters, coupons, scheduling and sending email messages, and reporting and tracking the results of each campaign. We offer our email marketing solution on a stand-alone basis through our Constant Contact brand, and through bundled offerings that combine email marketing with other marketing offerings, including managing events online, conducting surveys and getting feedback, and marketing automation capabilities.

Advanced Web Hosting . In addition to providing shared hosting services, we also provide virtual private server, or VPS, hosting and dedicated hosting solutions. As a subscriber’s business expands and the demands on its website increase, these more customizable and higher performance solutions allow our subscribers to build additional functionality into their websites, offer high bandwidth content and drive more commerce and marketing activities while reducing load times and increasing site speeds. Subscribers can start with an advanced web hosting solution or upgrade from an existing shared hosting service.

Productivity Solutions . We offer our subscribers email capabilities, including custom mailboxes that reflect a subscriber’s domain name, spam filters, email aliases and forwarding functionality. Our communications tools also allow a subscriber to unify its email inbox with other communications streams, such as social media feeds. We also offer our customers email, collaboration, and file sharing tools.

E-commerce Enablement . As our subscribers grow their businesses and their need for e-commerce tools increases, we offer products that enable secure and encrypted payments, shopping carts, payment processing and related services and mobile payments.

Professional Services . We offer professional services and web design for subscribers who want a professionally created web presence.

SinglePlatform. Our SinglePlatform solution provides local businesses the ability to create and manage digital storefront listings and extend their online reach through one interface. The digital storefront, which may include menus, photos, services, offers and featured products, is distributed online across over 100 online publishers, including numerous websites, social networks, directories, and mobile applications such as Yelp, Google, Facebook, Foursquare, TripAdvisor and others.

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Sales & Marketing

Although we operate through numerous brands, we are focusing our marketing expenditures on our strategic brands, which include Constant Contact, Bluehost, HostGator and Domain.com.

For our web presence segment, the majority of our program marketing expense has historically been associated with targeted online search marketing, including for inclusion of our brands in online directories, and with payments to our large network of referral partners, who drive subscribers to us on a paid referral basis. Payments to our referral partners primarily occur after a subscriber signs up on our platform and therefore allow us to readily determine the returns on our marketing spend. We also attract new subscribers through word-of-mouth referrals and through partnerships that help us reach additional subscribers, such as our partnerships with Google and WordPress.

For our domain segment, we use a combination of online search marketing and a network of referral partners, as well as joint marketing efforts with registries of various generic top level domain names, such as ".com", aimed at increasing subscribers.

For our email marketing segment, we market our products and acquire our customers through a variety of sources, including online marketing, such as search engines and advertising with online networks and other websites, offline marketing through television and radio advertising, partner relationships, outbound sales efforts, referrals from our customer base, general brand awareness and a link to our website in the footer of substantially all of the emails sent by our customers. We have partner relationships with over 10,000 local and national small business service providers. These partners refer customers to us through links on their websites and outbound promotions to their customers or allow us to market to their customers directly. Our television and radio advertising is designed to educate potential customers about our email marketing solutions and raise awareness of our brand.

Subscriber Support

Our support agents assist our subscribers via phone, email, chat and social media. Our support personnel not only assist subscribers with technical issues, but also focus on understanding the business goals of each subscriber to help identify the right products and services to achieve those goals. Our primary support centers are located in Arizona, Colorado, Massachusetts, Texas, Brazil and India. In addition, we have third-party support arrangements in India, the Philippines and China.

Technology Platform and Infrastructure

Web Presence and Domain Segments

The technology platforms supporting our web presence and domain segments combine open source and proprietary software, and are based on a scalable architecture that allows us to operate with a large number of subscribers per server. In addition, we use subscriber relationship management, billing and subscriber service support systems to on-board, serve and track our subscribers, and to enable them to manage their own service experience. We currently serve most of our web presence and domain subscribers from five U.S.-based data centers, one of which is owned by us and the rest of which are co-located.

Email Marketing Segment

For our email marketing segment, we use a central application and a single software code base with unique accounts for each subscriber, except for SinglePlatform, which operates on a separate code base. As a result, we are able to spread the cost of providing our products across our email marketing customer base. In addition, because we have one central application, we believe we are able to scale our business to meet increases in demand for our products. We own all of the hardware deployed in support of our platform, except for SinglePlatform, which operates on a third party’s infrastructure. Our production system hardware and the disaster recovery hardware for our production system, with the exception of SinglePlatform, are co-located in third-party hosting facilities in Massachusetts and Texas.

Subscriber Profile

As of December 31, 2018 , we had approximately 4.8 million subscribers, of which approximately 3.6 million were web presence subscribers, 0.7 million were domain segment subscribers and 0.5 million were email marketing segment subscribers. Based on data from a 2015 survey of subscribers of our major web presence brands, we believe a majority of our web presence subscribers are SMBs, most of whom are businesses with five or fewer employees. We estimate that approximately 80% of subscribers of our email marketing segment employ 25 or fewer employees.

The industries in which our subscribers operate are very diverse, including retail, restaurants, professional services, non-profits, merchandising, media, recreation, education, construction, health, beauty and wellness, and arts and entertainment,

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among others. In addition to for-profit businesses, our subscribers include non-profit organizations, community groups, bloggers, and hobbyists.

Geographical Information

We currently maintain offices and conduct operations primarily in the United States, Brazil, India, and the Netherlands. We also have third-party support arrangements in India, the Philippines and China. For additional information about our geographic areas, please see Note 22 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Competition

The global cloud-based services market for SMBs is highly competitive and constantly evolving. For our web presence and domain segments, we expect continued competition, both domestically and internationally, from a number of sources, including competitors in the domain, hosting and website builder markets such as GoDaddy, 1 and 1, Wix, Squarespace, Weebly, Web.com, and Wordpress.com, as well as large companies like Amazon, Microsoft and Google, which offer web hosting or website builders, domain registration and other cloud-based services, and Facebook, which offers an Internet marketing platform. For our email marketing segment, we expect continued competition from MailChimp and other SMB-focused lower-cost email marketing vendors, as well as additional competition from providers of marketing automation software and larger companies such as Microsoft. In some instances, we have commercial partnerships with companies with which we also compete.

We believe the principal competitive factors in the cloud-based services market for SMBs include: ease of use and effectiveness; product functionality, performance and reliability; customer service and support; availability of a range of integrated solutions; brand awareness and reputation; affordability; and product scalability. See " Risk Factors " for additional discussion of competition as it pertains to our business.

Seasonality

Our web presence and domain segments have historically experienced moderately increased subscriber billings in the first quarter of our fiscal year as many subscribers start businesses at the beginning of a new year. These segments record a significant portion of these billings as deferred revenue and recognize the deferred revenue throughout the course of the year and beyond based on the term of the applicable subscription. This slight seasonality has a favorable impact on our operating cash flows in the early part of each fiscal year, and an unfavorable impact in the latter part of each fiscal year. We expect that this seasonality will continue.

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights

Our intellectual property and proprietary rights are important to our business. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, copyright and trade secret laws, and confidentiality and other contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technologies, confidential information, brands and other intellectual property.

We use open source technologies pursuant to applicable licenses as the basis for our technology platform. We have also developed, acquired or licensed proprietary technologies for use in our business. As of January 14, 2019, we have seventeen U.S. patents as well as two pending U.S. patent applications and several pending foreign counterpart applications relating to aspects of our technology platform and offerings, including our shared services architecture, predictive analytics methods, virtualization technologies, subscriber migration technologies, web presence improvement technologies, and email composition and editing technologies. We believe the duration of our patents is adequate relative to the expected lives of the technologies they cover.

We have an ongoing trademark and service mark registration program pursuant to which we register our brand names and product names, taglines and logos in the United States and other countries to the extent we determine appropriate and cost-effective. We also have common law rights in some unregistered trademarks that were established through years of use. In addition, we have a trademark and service mark enforcement program pursuant to which we monitor applications filed by third parties to register trademarks and service marks that may be confusingly similar to ours.

We have non-disclosure, confidentiality and license agreements with employees, contractors, subscribers and other third parties, which limit access to and use of our proprietary information; however, unauthorized disclosure of our confidential information or proprietary technologies by our employees or third parties could still occur. In addition, unauthorized third parties may attempt to copy, reverse engineer or otherwise obtain access to our proprietary rights. The risk of unauthorized use of our proprietary and intellectual property rights may increase as we expand outside of the United States.

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Third-party infringement claims are also possible in our industry, especially as functionality and features expand, evolve and overlap across industries. Third parties, including non-practicing patent holders, have claimed, and could claim in the future, that our processes, technologies or websites infringe patents they now hold or might obtain or that might be issued in the future. See “ Risk Factors " for additional discussion about the substantial costs that we could incur as a result of any claim of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights.

Employees

As of December 31, 2018 , we had 3,901 employees, including 2,239 in support and network operations, 704 in sales and marketing, 639 in engineering and development, and 319 in general and administrative. Excluded from our employee figures are approximately 1,540 individuals primarily located in India and the Philippines who are directly employed by third parties and perform a range of services for us, including email- and chat-based customer and technical support, billing support, network monitoring and engineering and development services. Most of our employees are based in the United States. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced a strike or similar work stoppage, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good.

Corporate Information

Our business was founded in 1997 as a Delaware corporation under the name Innovative Marketing Technologies Incorporated. In December 2011, investment funds and entities affiliated with either Warburg Pincus or Goldman, Sachs & Co. acquired a controlling interest in our company. Prior to our initial public offering, or IPO, in October 2013, we were an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of WP Expedition Topco L.P., a Delaware limited partnership that we refer to as WP Expedition Topco. Pursuant to the terms of a corporate reorganization that we completed prior to our IPO, WP Expedition Topco dissolved and in liquidation distributed the shares of common stock of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. to its partners in accordance with the limited partnership agreement of WP Expedition Topco. We have completed numerous acquisitions since inception, including the acquisition of Constant Contact, Inc. in February 2016.

Our principal executive offices are located at 10 Corporate Drive, Suite 300, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 and our telephone number at that address is (781) 852-3200.

Information Available on the Internet

We maintain an Internet website at www.endurance.com, and we also operate a number of other websites. The information on, or that can be accessed through, any of our websites is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered to be a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our website address is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as inactive textual reference only. Our reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, are accessible through our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed electronically with, or otherwise furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. We also make available on our website the charters of our audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, as well as our corporate governance guidelines and our code of business conduct and ethics. In addition, we intend to disclose on our website any amendments to, or waivers from, our code of business conduct and ethics that are required to be disclosed pursuant to SEC rules.

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ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected by the following risks or uncertainties. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we have identified as material, but they are not the only risks and uncertainties we face. Our business is also subject to general risks and uncertainties that affect many other companies, including overall economic and industry conditions, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. If any of such risks and uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects could differ materially from the plans, projections and other forward-looking statements included in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

We may not be able to add new subscribers, retain existing subscribers or increase sales to existing subscribers, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our growth is dependent on our ability to continue to attract and acquire new subscribers while retaining existing subscribers and expanding the products and services we sell to them. Growth in the demand for our products and services may be inhibited, and we may be unable to grow our subscriber base, for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to:


•	our failure to develop or offer new or enhanced products and services in a timely manner that keeps pace with new technologies, competitor offerings and the evolving needs of our subscribers;


•	difficulties providing or maintaining a high level of subscriber satisfaction, which could cause our existing subscribers to cancel their subscriptions or stop referring prospective subscribers to us;


•	increases in our subscriber churn rates or our failure to convert subscribers from introductory, discounted products to full priced solutions;


•	perceived or actual security, availability, integrity, privacy, reliability, quality or compatibility problems with our solutions, including related to unscheduled downtime, outages or network security breaches;


•	our inability to maintain awareness of our brands, including due to fragmentation of our marketing efforts due to our historical approach of maintaining a portfolio of multiple brands rather than focusing our resources on a single brand or a few brands;


•	continued or increased competition in the SMB market, including greater marketing efforts or investments by our competitors in advertising and promoting their brands or in product development;


•	changes in search engine ranking algorithms or in search terms used by potential subscribers; or


•	our inability to market our solutions in a cost-effective manner to new subscribers or to our existing subscribers due to changes in regulation, or changes in the enforcement of existing regulation, that would affect our marketing or pricing practices.

Our total subscriber base decreased during the year ended December 31, 2018 , and we expect that it will continue to decrease for the near term. Key factors contributing to the decrease in our subscriber base are discussed in Part II, Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. If we are not successful in addressing these factors or the other factors listed above, we may not be able to return to or maintain positive subscriber growth in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

We must keep up with rapid and ongoing technological change, marketing trends and shifts in consumer demand to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving industry.

The cloud-based technology and online marketing tool industries are characterized by rapid and ongoing technological change, frequent new product and service introductions and new market entrants, and evolving industry standards. The manner in which we market to our subscribers and potential subscribers must keep pace with technological change, legal requirements, market trends, and shifts in how our solutions are found, purchased and used by subscribers. For example, application marketplaces, mobile platforms, advertising and marketing efforts by competitors, and a broader range of SMB-focused offerings by our competitors and other providers of online solutions are changing the way consumers find, purchase and use our solutions. Our future success will depend on our ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies, to adapt our solutions and marketing practices to evolving industry standards and to anticipate subscriber needs and preferences. If we are not able to offer compelling and innovative solutions, take advantage of new technology, make our products effective for access and use on mobile devices, adapt our marketing practices or anticipate changing trends, we may be unable to continue to attract new subscribers or sell additional solutions to our existing subscribers. In addition, if existing technologies or systems, such as the domain name system which directs traffic on the Internet, become obsolete, or if we fail to anticipate and manage technologies that prevent or harm our offerings, such as technology intended to block email marketing, our revenue and operating results may be adversely affected.

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We face significant competition for our solutions in the SMB market, which we expect will continue to intensify. As a result of such competitive pressures, we may not be able to maintain or improve our competitive position or market share.

The SMB market for cloud-based technologies and online marketing tools is highly competitive and constantly evolving. Some of our competitors have greater marketing, engineering, product development and other resources, more brand recognition and consumer awareness, more diversified, more comprehensive or better integrated product offerings, greater international scope or larger subscriber bases than we do, or may partner with large Internet companies that can offer these resources. As a result, we may not be able to compete successfully against them. Our competitive position may also be challenged by new market entrants (both new companies and established companies expanding their product offerings or target customers), since there are relatively few barriers to entry in our market.

We have faced and expect to continue to face competition in our web presence and domain segments, both domestically and internationally, from competitors in the domain, hosting and website builder markets such as GoDaddy, 1 and 1, Wix, Squarespace, Weebly, Web.com and Wordpress.com, as well as from large companies like Amazon, Microsoft and Google, which offer web hosting or website builders, domain registration and other cloud-based services, and Facebook, which offers an Internet marketing platform. For our email marketing segment, we expect continued competition from MailChimp and other SMB-focused lower-cost email marketing vendors, as well as additional competition from providers of marketing automation software and larger companies such as Microsoft.

Across all of our reportable segments, many of our competitors are expanding their offerings into adjacent products and services (including, for example, digital advertising services and live chat) in order to provide a more comprehensive set of business solutions for SMBs. In addition, marketing automation and other online services companies that have not competed with us in the past are expanding into our market by providing website builder and email marketing tools, and by enhancing offerings tailored for SMBs. As a result of these changes, SMBs now have a broader range of “entry points” for establishing an online presence, and may choose to do so through an e-commerce or payments provider that provides hosting or email marketing as part of a “bundled” solution, rather than starting with a domain name or hosting account.

In addition, our competitors have and may continue to offer price discounts or alternative pricing models for the products and services they offer, such as "freemium" pricing in which a basic offering is provided for free with advanced features provided for a fee. Some of our competitors have used the freemium model successfully to drive both free and paid subscriber growth. Although we do have freemium offerings, they are not extensive, which could put us at a disadvantage relative to these competitors with respect to subscriber growth. In addition, we sometimes need to match our competitors' discounts or the commissions they pay to referral sources in order for our products to remain competitive, which could reduce our margins.

Our business and operations have become increasingly complex over the past several years due to acquisitions and organizational change, which has and may continue to result in operational and other challenges.

As a result of acquisitions and internal growth, we increased our revenue from $629.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2014 to $1.1 billion in the year ended December 31, 2018. During this time period, we completed numerous acquisitions, including the acquisition of the Directi web presence business in January 2014, which significantly expanded our international operations, and the acquisition of Constant Contact in February 2016.

Due to our history of acquisitions, we offer our products and services through numerous brands that operate from different websites, control panels, billing systems, information technology and other systems. As a result, compliance assessments, compliance-related changes, roll-outs of new products and product and technology upgrades, and changes in business processes often need to be implemented more than once. This level of complexity has sometimes resulted and may continue to result in difficulties maintaining effective internal controls, additional compliance costs and risks, product roll-out inefficiencies, and other operational challenges.

In particular, differences across our multiple billing systems have at times made it challenging for us to accurately and consistently determine certain enterprise-wide operational metrics, such as total subscribers. Total subscribers and other operational metrics, which we voluntarily disclose, historically have not been subject to the same level of reporting controls as our financial statements and other financial information we are required to disclose. Also, we have identified in the past, and may in the future identify, errors or bugs in the systems we use to generate operational metrics. We work on an ongoing basis to improve our controls and processes for total subscribers and other operational metrics, but errors with respect to these metrics could still occur. In addition, as a public company, we are required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to maintain, evaluate, test and document internal controls over financial reporting, and our multiple brands and systems make this process more complicated and costly than it would be otherwise. Any errors, delays, inconsistencies in data reporting, or similar challenges could negatively impact our business decisions, impede our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, or otherwise lead to inaccurate disclosure, which could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business and our investors’ view of us.

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In 2018, we made significant investments to improve our customer experience and better integrate our business, and expect to continue these investments in 2019. Although we believe that these investments will position us for growth in the future, we will recognize most of the costs associated with these investments earlier than most of the anticipated benefits, and the return on these investments may be lower or may develop more slowly than we expect. If we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, if the achievement of these benefits is delayed, if we are otherwise not successful in simplifying our business or in managing our complexity effectively, our operating results may be negatively affected.

Our growth will be adversely affected if we cannot continue to successfully retain, hire, train and manage our key employees.

Our ability to successfully pursue our growth strategy will depend on our ability to attract, retain and motivate key employees across our business, particularly engineering and development employees and our senior executive team. High demand from other technology companies for skilled engineering and technical employees has made and may continue to make it challenging to retain key employees or hire replacements if they leave. In addition, candidates making employment decisions, particularly in high-technology industries, often consider the value of any equity they may receive from prospective employers. As a result, any significant volatility in the market price of our common stock, or concerns by potential employees about the performance of our stock, may also contribute to these challenges.

We are also limited in our ability to recruit global talent for our U.S. offices by U.S. immigration laws, and changes in U.S. immigration policies under the current presidential administration may further limit our ability to recruit globally.

Our current executives are not contractually obligated to remain employed by us and may leave at any time. The loss of any of these individuals could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of, or make it more difficult for us to pursue and execute on, our business objectives.

Our inability to attract and retain qualified individuals could have an adverse effect on our ability to carry out our business plans and objectives and, as a result, our ability to compete could decrease and our operating results could suffer.

We have experienced system, software, Internet, data center, network, and customer support center failures and have not yet implemented a complete disaster recovery plan or a business continuity plan, and any interruptions, delays or failures in our services could harm our reputation, cause us to lose subscribers, or result in unanticipated costs.

We must be able to maintain and operate our applications and systems without interruption. Since our ability to retain and attract subscribers depends on the performance, reliability and availability of our services, as well as on the delivery of our products and services to subscribers, even minor interruptions in our service or losses of data could harm our reputation, particularly if they frequently reoccur. Our applications, network, systems, equipment, power supplies, customer support centers and data centers are subject to various points of failure, including: human error or accidents; improper maintenance and change control; Internet connectivity downtime or disruptions in connectivity between and among systems; computer viruses; physical or electronic security breaches; inadequate systems monitoring; intentional bad acts such as sabotage, vandalism or terrorism; and natural disasters.

We have experienced system failures, delays and periodic interruptions in service, or outages, due to factors such as power outages and network equipment, storage system, and network configuration failures. In addition, we have experienced outages or other disruptions in the course of ongoing maintenance or when new versions, enhancements and updates to applications, software or systems are released by us or third parties. We may experience future outages that disrupt the operation of our solutions due to these or other factors.

Our systems supporting our web presence and domain segments are not fully redundant. We are in the process of building out additional redundancies, but we have not yet implemented a complete and tested disaster recovery plan or a business continuity plan. Although the redundancies we do have in place will permit us to respond, at least to some degree, to failures of applications and systems, our data centers are vulnerable in the event of failure. Most of our web presence subscribers, and a significant portion of our domain subscribers, are hosted across five U.S.-based data centers, one of which is owned by us and the rest of which are co-located, and accordingly, any failure or downtime in these data center facilities would affect a significant percentage of our subscribers. While we have a disaster recovery system that covers most of our email marketing subscribers, it is nonetheless likely to be difficult and time-consuming to recover data and services in the event of a significant outage. We do not yet have adequate structures or systems in place to recover from a data center’s severe impairment or total destruction, and recovery from the total destruction or severe impairment of any of our major data centers would be extremely difficult and may not be possible at all. Closing any of these data centers without adequate notice could result in lengthy, if not permanent, interruptions in the availability of our solutions and loss of vast amounts of subscriber data.

Our data centers are also susceptible to impairment resulting from electrical power outages due to the amount of power and cooling they require to operate. Since we rely on third parties to provide our data centers with power sufficient to meet our needs, we cannot control whether our data centers will have an adequate amount of electrical resources necessary to meet our subscriber requirements. We attempt to limit exposure to system downtime due to power outages by using backup generators

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and power supplies. However, these protections may not limit our exposure to power shortages or outages entirely. We also rely on third parties to provide Internet connectivity to our data centers. If the connectivity these parties provide is discontinued, disrupted, or does not provide adequate data transmission capacity, our ability to provide services to our subscribers could be compromised.

Our customer support centers are also vulnerable in the event of failure caused by total destruction or severe impairment. The teams in each customer support center are trained to provide brand-specific support services for a discrete subset of our brands, which, along with staffing constraints and differences in software systems between our brands, limits our ability to re-route calls, email and chat from one customer support center to another customer support center. Accordingly, if any of our customer support centers (particularly one of our primary support centers, such as our Arizona, Colorado, Massachusetts or Texas centers or our third-party India and Philippines centers) were to be impaired or destroyed, our ability to re-route calls, email and chat to operational customer support centers or to provide the type of customer support services that the non-operational customer support center had provided to subscribers of a particular brand or brands may be limited.

Any of these events could materially increase our expenses or reduce our revenue, damage our reputation, cause our subscribers to seek reimbursement for services paid for and not received, cause our subscribers to stop referring new subscribers to us, and cause us to lose current and potential subscribers, which would have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Moreover, the property and business interruption insurance we carry may not have adequate coverage to compensate us fully for losses that may occur.

If we are unable to achieve or maintain a high level of subscriber satisfaction, demand for our solutions could suffer.

We believe that our future revenue growth depends on our ability to provide subscribers with quality service that meets our stated commitments, meets or exceeds our subscribers’ evolving needs and expectations and is conducive to our ability to continue to sell new solutions to existing subscribers. We are not always able to provide our subscribers with this level of service, and our subscribers occasionally encounter interruptions in service and other challenges, including as a result of outages, errors or bugs in our software or third-party software, human error, or migrations of subscribers as part of internal platform consolidation efforts. If we are unable to achieve or maintain a high level of subscriber satisfaction, we could experience higher subscriber churn, lower than expected renewal rates, disputes and litigation, or negative publicity, any of which could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

In addition, we may from time to time fail to meet the needs of specific subscribers in order to best meet the service expectations of our overall subscriber base. For example, we may suspend a subscriber’s website when it breaches our terms of service, harms other subscribers’ websites or disrupts servers supporting those websites, such as when a cybercriminal installs malware on a subscriber’s website without that subscriber’s authorization or knowledge. Although such service interruptions are not uncommon in a cloud-based or online environment, we risk subscriber dissatisfaction by interrupting one subscriber’s service to prevent further attacks on or data breaches for other subscribers, and this could damage our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business.

Security and privacy incidents or fraud may harm our business.

We collect, handle, store and transmit large amounts of sensitive, confidential, personal and proprietary information, including payment card information and information we receive from or maintain on behalf of our subscribers. Unauthorized access to, use of, or loss of this type of information and any compromise of our systems may cause damage to our platforms, service interruptions to our subscribers, loss of subscriber websites and data, or harm to our reputation and may result in increased security costs, distraction of our management team, litigation, regulatory investigations or other liabilities. These type of incidents can result from numerous sources, including: physical or electronic security breaches; viruses, ransomware or other malware; hardware vulnerabilities such as Meltdown and Spectre; accident or human error by our own personnel or those of our partners; criminal activity or malfeasance (including by our own personnel); fraud or impersonation scams perpetrated against us; or security events impacting our third-party service providers. We have experienced security events such as these in the past and expect they will continue in the future. To date, we do not believe that any of these events has had a material effect on us, but we may experience larger and more serious incidents in the future.

In addition, many states and countries in which we have subscribers have enacted regulations requiring us to notify governmental authorities, regulators and subscribers in the event that certain subscriber information is accessed or acquired, or believed to have been accessed or acquired, without authorization, and in some cases also develop proscriptive policies to protect against such unauthorized access or acquisition. Such notifications can result in private causes of action being filed against us, or government investigations into the adequacy of security controls or handling of any security event. Should we experience a loss of protected data, efforts to respond to the incident and enhance our controls, as well as potential penalties imposed by regulators, could increase our costs.

Organizations generally, and Internet-based organizations in particular, remain vulnerable to targeted attacks aimed at exploiting network and system applications or weaknesses. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage,

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networks and systems often are not recognized until launched against a target. Cyber criminals are increasingly using powerful new tactics including evasive applications, proxies, tunneling, encryption techniques, vulnerability exploits, buffer overflows, distributed denial of service attacks, or DDoS attacks, botnets and port scans. For example, from time to time we are targeted by DDoS attacks in which attackers attempt to block access to our websites or our subscribers' websites, as well as attempts to place illegal or abusive content on our or our subscribers' websites. If we are unable to avert a DDoS or other attack for any significant period, we could sustain substantial revenue loss from lost sales and subscriber dissatisfaction.

While we have dedicated resources to overall information and cybersecurity risk management, our program has not reached a level of operational maturity to anticipate and proactively address the cyber risks that we face. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks. Moreover, we may not be able to immediately detect that such an attack has been launched, if, for example, unauthorized access to our systems was obtained without our knowledge in preparation for an attack contemplated to commence in the future. Cyber-attacks may target us, our subscribers, our partners, banks, credit card processors, delivery services, e-commerce in general or the communication infrastructure on which we depend. We also rely on third parties to provide physical security for most of our data centers and other facilities. Any physical security breach to our data centers or other facilities could result in unauthorized access or damage to our systems.

Our employees, including our employee and contract support agents are often targeted by, and may be vulnerable to, e-mail scams, phishing, social media or similar attacks, as well as social engineering tactics used to perpetrate fraud. We have experienced and may in the future experience security attacks that cause our support agents to divulge confidential information about us or our subscribers, or to introduce viruses, worms or other malicious software programs onto their computers, allowing the perpetrators to, among other things, gain access to our systems or our subscribers’ accounts. Our subscribers have in the past, and may in the future, use weak passwords, accidentally disclose their passwords or store them on a mobile device that is lost or stolen, or otherwise compromise or fail to ensure the security of their data, creating the perception that our systems are not secure against third-party access when their accounts are compromised and used maliciously by third parties. In addition, if third parties with which we work, such as vendors, partners or developers, violate applicable laws or our policies or disclose our confidential information due to human error or technical issues, such violations or incidents may also put our information and our subscribers’ information at risk and could in turn have an adverse effect on our business and reputation.

If an actual or perceived security breach occurs, the market’s perception of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose sales and current and potential subscribers. In addition, in the past, security specialists or "white hat" hackers have found and publicized security vulnerabilities in our platforms, and this may occur again in the future. This type of publicity could harm our reputation, even if we correct the vulnerabilities before they have actually been exploited. We might also be required to expend significant capital and resources to investigate, protect against or address breaches and remediate vulnerabilities. Any significant violations of data security could result in the loss of business, litigation and regulatory investigations and penalties that could damage our reputation and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, if a high profile security breach occurs with respect to another provider of cloud-based technologies or online marketing tools, our subscribers and potential subscribers may lose trust in the security of these business models generally, which could harm our ability to retain existing subscribers or attract new ones. We cannot guarantee that any backup systems, regular data backups, security protocols, network protection mechanisms and other procedures currently in place, or that may be in place in the future, will be adequate to prevent network and service interruption, system failure, damage to one or more of our systems or data loss in the event of a security breach or attack on our network.

If we do not maintain a low rate of credit card chargebacks, protect against breach of the credit card information we store and comply with payment card industry standards, we will face the prospect of financial penalties and could lose our ability to accept credit card payments from subscribers, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

A majority of our revenue is processed through credit card transactions. Under current credit card industry practices, we are liable for fraudulent and disputed credit card transactions because we do not obtain the cardholder’s signature at the time of the transaction, even though the financial institution issuing the credit card may have authorized the transaction. Although we attempt to keep our rate of credit card refunds and chargebacks low, our credit card processors have in the past and could in the future impose fines on us as a result of increased refunds and chargebacks. In addition, if our refunds or chargebacks increase in the future, our credit card processors could require us to maintain or increase reserves, increase our processing fees, terminate their contracts with us or decline to serve as credit card processors for new joint ventures or brands, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

We could also incur significant fines or lose our ability to process payments using credit cards if we fail to follow payment card industry data security standards, or PCI DSS, even if there is no compromise of subscriber information. During the course of compliance reviews during 2016, we discovered control gaps in our current adherence to the PCI DSS 3.2 standard. Although we have remediated many of these gaps and are in the process of remediating others, if we are unable to complete the remediation process in a timely manner, we may incur financial penalties, our payment networks may increase the

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processing fees they charge to us, or we may lose our ability to process credit cards, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. In addition, we may have difficulty negotiating competitive rates with payment networks for as long as control gaps remain.

From time to time, fraudulent transactions conducted on our websites (such as through the use of stolen credit card numbers) have been above levels consistent with credit card association guidelines. This has sometimes resulted, and may in the future result, in third-party audit requirements and additional expense to change our processes to reduce fraud. It could also subject us to liability or require us to increase reserves with our credit card processors. Under credit card association rules, penalties may be imposed at the discretion of the association. Any such potential penalties would be imposed on our credit card processors by the credit card association. Under our contracts with our credit card processors, we are required to reimburse the credit card processors for such penalties. Although we believe that our current level of fraud monitoring is adequate, we face the risk that we may fail to maintain an adequate level of fraud monitoring in the future, or that one or more credit card associations may, at any time, assess penalties against us or terminate our ability to accept credit card payments from subscribers, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

In addition, we could be liable if there is a breach of the credit card or other payment information we store. Online commerce and communications depend on the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks. We rely on encryption and authentication technology that we have developed internally, as well as technology that we license from third parties, to provide security and authentication for the transmission of confidential information, including subscriber credit card numbers. However, we cannot ensure that this technology can prevent breaches of the systems that we use to protect subscriber credit card data. Although we maintain network security insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will cover, in whole or in part, liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, some of our third-party partners also collect information from transactions with our customers, and we may be subject to litigation or our reputation may be harmed if our partners fail to protect our subscribers’ information or if they use it in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices.

Data breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues. Under our contracts with our card processors, if there is unauthorized access to, or disclosure of, credit card information that we store, we could be liable to the credit card issuing banks for their cost of issuing new cards and related expenses.

Our quarterly and annual operating results may be adversely affected due to a variety of factors, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below investor or analyst expectations.

Our quarterly and annual operating results and key metrics have varied from period to period in the past, and we expect they may continue to fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:


•	our ability to cost-effectively attract, retain, and increase sales to subscribers;


•	the impact of competition;


•	the timing and success of introductions of new products or product enhancements;


•	the amount and timing of our marketing expenditures;


•	the amount and timing of capital expenditures or extraordinary expenses, such as litigation, regulatory or other dispute-related settlement payments (including, for example, any potential settlements of the pending legal proceedings described in Item 3 - Legal Proceedings);


•	the mix of products we sell;


•	higher than expected refunds to our subscribers;


•	systems, data center and Internet failures, breaches and service interruptions;


•	negative publicity about us or our brands;


•	loss of key employees or difficulties recruiting new employees;


•	the impact of changes in legislation or regulations, or to interpretations of existing legislation and regulations;


•	litigation or governmental enforcement actions against us due to actual or alleged failures to comply with applicable laws or regulations;


•	failures to comply with industry standards such as the payment card industry data security standards;


•	changes in our effective tax rate, our misinterpretation of domestic and international tax laws and regulations, or adverse outcomes from regulatory examinations of our income tax and other tax returns;


•	interest rate fluctuations;


•	goodwill and other intangible asset impairments;


•	terminations of, disputes with, or material changes to our relationships with third-party partners; and


•	costs, integration problems, or other liabilities associated with past or future acquisitions, strategic investments or joint ventures.

In the past, we have from time to time reported financial results that were below our expectations and the expectations of equity research analysts and investors, and it is possible that this could occur again in one or more future periods, due to any of

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the factors listed above, a combination of those factors or other reasons. In that event, our stock price could decline substantially.

Our business depends on establishing and maintaining strong brands. If we are not able to effectively promote our brands, or if the reputation of our brands is damaged, our ability to expand our subscriber base will be impaired and our business and operating results will be harmed.

We market our solutions through various brands, including our key brands Bluehost, HostGator, Domain.com, and Constant Contact, among others.

We believe that establishing and maintaining our key brands is critical to our efforts to expand our subscriber base. If we do not build awareness of our key brands, we could be at a competitive disadvantage to companies whose brands are, or become, more recognizable than ours. For instance, we believe that our business has been, and may continue to be, affected by the increasing tendency of consumers to search for web presence and online marketing solutions using brand related search terms as opposed to unbranded search terms such as hosting, website builders or email marketing. We believe this trend has benefited competitors who have invested more heavily than we have in building brand awareness, and who have used a broader array of marketing channels to do so, in contrast to our historical focus on marketing through online advertising, online directories and referral partners.

To attract and retain subscribers and to promote and maintain our brands in response to competitive pressures, we may have to substantially increase our financial commitment to creating and maintaining brand loyalty among subscribers. Improving our brand awareness may be challenging because we have multiple key brands rather than a single flagship brand, and because a number of our competitors have invested heavily in their brands in the past and may be able to devote more resources than we can to brand awareness going forward.

In addition, if subscribers, as well as our third-party referral marketing, distribution and reseller partners, do not perceive our existing solutions to be reliable and of high quality, if we introduce new services or enter into new business ventures that are not favorably received by such parties, or if our brands become associated with any fraudulent or deceptive conduct on the part of our subscribers, the value of our brands could be diminished, thereby decreasing the attractiveness of our solutions to such parties. As a result, our operating results may be adversely affected by decreased brand recognition and harm to our reputation.

The rate of growth of the SMB market for our solutions could be significantly lower than our estimates. The success of our products depends on the expansion and reliability of the Internet infrastructure and the continued growth and acceptance of email as a communications tool. If demand for our products and services does not meet expectations, our ability to generate revenue and meet our financial targets could be adversely affected.

The rate of growth of the SMB market may not meet our expectations, which would adversely affect our business. Our expectations for future revenue trends are based in part on assumptions reflecting our industry knowledge and experience serving SMBs, as well as our assumptions regarding demographic shifts, growth in the Internet infrastructure internationally and macroeconomic conditions. However, SMB spending patterns are difficult to predict and are sensitive to the general economic climate, the economic outlook specific to SMBs and overall consumer confidence, which makes it difficult to forecast market trends accurately. If any of our assumptions regarding the SMB market proves to be inaccurate, our revenue could be significantly lower than expected.

Our ability to compete depends on our ability to offer products and services that enable our subscribers to establish, manage and grow their businesses. Our web presence and commerce offerings are predicated on the assumption that an online presence will continue to be an important factor in our subscribers’ abilities to establish, expand, manage and monetize their businesses affordably. If we are incorrect in this assumption, for example due to the introduction of a new technology or industry standard (or evolution of existing technology such as social media or mobile messaging and “conversational commerce” applications such as WeChat) that supersedes the importance of an online presence or renders our existing or future solutions obsolete, then our ability to retain existing subscribers and attract new subscribers could be adversely affected, which could harm our ability to generate revenue and meet our financial targets.

The future success of our email marketing solution depends on the continued and widespread adoption of email as a primary means of communication. Security problems such as “viruses,” “worms,” and other malicious programs, reliability issues arising from outages and damage to the Internet infrastructure, or publicity about leaked emails of high-profile users could create the perception that email is not a safe and reliable means of communication. Use of email by businesses and consumers also depends on the ability of email providers to prevent unsolicited bulk email, or “spam,” from overwhelming consumers’ inboxes. If security problems become widespread or frequent or if email providers cannot effectively control spam, the use of email as a means of communication may decline as consumers find alternative ways to communicate. We could also be harmed if, in an attempt to limit unsolicited email, email providers restrict or limit emails sent by our customers using our email marketing solution. In addition, if alternative communications tools, such as social media, text messaging or services like

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WeChat, gain widespread acceptance, the need for email may decrease. Any of these events could materially increase our expenses or reduce demand for our email marketing solution and harm our business.

In addition, our business depends on the ability and desire of our customers to access the Internet. The adoption of any laws or regulations adversely affecting the growth, popularity, accessibility or use of the Internet, including laws impacting Internet neutrality or new tax regulations or court decisions concerning the taxation of online commerce, could decrease the demand for our products, require us to make modifications to our products, or increase our operating costs. For instance, in December 2017, the Federal Communications Commission repealed rules adopted in 2015 that generally prohibited Internet service providers from charging some Internet content providers higher rates than others for the delivery of their content. With the repeal of these rules, Internet service providers could impose higher fees or deliver our content with less speed, reliability or otherwise on a non-neutral basis as compared to other market participants, which could adversely impact our business.

Our success depends in part on our strategic relationships and partnerships or other alliances with third parties.

We rely on third-party relationships and alliances, such as with referrers and promoters of our brands and solutions, as well as with our providers of solutions and services that we offer to subscribers. If any of the third parties on which we rely fails to perform as expected, breaches or terminates their agreement with us, or becomes engaged in a dispute with us, our reputation could be adversely affected and our business could be harmed.

We rely on third-party referral partners and other marketing partners to acquire subscribers. If these partners fail to promote our brands or to refer new subscribers to us, begin promoting competing brands in addition to or instead of ours, fail to comply with regulations, are forced to change their marketing practices in response to new or existing regulations or cease to be viewed as credible sources of information by our potential subscribers, we may face decreased demand for our solutions, higher than expected subscriber acquisition costs, and loss of revenue. For instance, in the past, we were impacted when an important referral source began featuring competing web hosting brands on their website, rather than just our brand. It is possible that in the future, this referral source or another, similar referral source will continue to add competing web hosting options or even remove us as an option, which could have a negative impact on us.

Our ability to offer domain name services to our subscribers depends on certain third-party relationships. For example, certain of our subsidiaries are accredited by ICANN and various domain name registries as a domain name registrar. If we fail to comply with domain name registry requirements, or if domain name registry requirements change, we could lose our accreditation, be required to increase our expenditures, comply with additional requirements or alter our service offerings, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We also have relationships with product partners whose solutions, including shopping carts and security tools, we integrate with our products and offer to our subscribers. Particularly in our email marketing segment, we rely on some of our partners to create integrations with third-party applications and platforms used by our subscribers. We may be unable to continue our relationship with any of these partners if, for example, they decline to continue to work with us or are acquired by third parties. In such an event, we may not be able to continue to offer these third-party tools to our subscribers or we may be forced to find an alternative that may be inferior to the solution that we had previously offered, which could harm our business and our operating results.

We also rely on software licensed from or hosted by third parties to offer our solutions to our subscribers. In addition, we may need to obtain future licenses from third parties to use intellectual property associated with the development of our solutions, which might not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any software or other intellectual property required for the development and maintenance of our solutions could result in delays in the provision of our solutions until equivalent technology is either developed by us, or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated, which could harm our business and operating results.

The international nature of our business exposes us to business risks that could limit the effectiveness of our growth strategy and cause our operating results to suffer.

We currently maintain offices and workforces, and conduct operations, primarily in the United States, Brazil, India and the Netherlands and have third-party support arrangements in India, the Philippines and China. We also have localized versions of our Bluehost and HostGator sites targeted to customers in several other countries. Conducting operations in international markets or establishing international locations subjects us to challenges that we have not generally faced in the United States, including:


•	adapting our solutions and marketing practices to international markets, including translation into foreign languages;


•	compliance with foreign laws, including more stringent laws in foreign jurisdictions relating to consumer privacy and protection of data collected from individuals and other third parties;


•	difficulties in collecting payments from subscribers or in automatically renewing their contracts with us, especially due to the more limited availability and popularity of credit cards in certain countries;


•	greater difficulty in enforcing contracts, including our terms of service and other agreements;

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•	management, communication, compliance and integration problems resulting from cultural or language differences and geographic dispersion;


•	sufficiency of qualified labor pools and greater influence of organized labor in various international markets;


•	compliance by our employees, business partners and other agents with anti-bribery laws, economic sanction laws and regulations, export controls, and other U.S., foreign and local laws and regulations regarding international and multi-national business operations;


•	potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value added tax (or sales, service, use or other tax) systems, and our failure to comply with all relevant foreign tax rules and regulations due to our lack of familiarity with the jurisdiction’s tax laws or unexpected or aggressive tax positions taken by foreign tax authorities;


•	restrictions and withholdings on the repatriation of earnings;


•	foreign currency exchange risk;


•	uncertain political, regulatory and economic climates in some countries, which could result in unpredictable or frequent changes in applicable regulations or in the general business environment that could negatively impact us; and


•	reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.

In addition, our ability to expand internationally and attract and retain non-U.S. subscribers may be adversely affected by concerns about the extent to which U.S. governmental and law enforcement agencies may obtain data under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and Patriot Act and similar laws and regulations, and by privacy laws in other jurisdictions (such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation) that are generally more protective of subscriber data than U.S. law. Non-U.S. subscribers may decide that the privacy risks of storing data with a U.S.-based company outweigh the benefits and opt to seek solutions from a company based outside of the United States. In addition, certain foreign governments require local storage of their citizens’ data. If we become subject to such requirements, it may require us to increase the number of non-U.S. data centers or servers we maintain, increase our costs or adversely affect our ability to attract, retain or cost-effectively serve non-U.S. subscribers.

Acquisitions, joint ventures and other strategic investments may not achieve the intended benefits or may disrupt our current plans and operations.

Acquisitions have historically been an important component of our growth strategy. In February 2016, we acquired Constant Contact, and in the past we have acquired the businesses and assets of numerous other companies. We have also made strategic investments in and entered into joint ventures with third parties, typically with small companies focused on developing or marketing products that may complement our own. We may complete transactions of this type in the future. These transactions involve numerous risks, including the following:


•	difficulties or delays in integrating the acquired businesses, which could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of acquisitions;


•	reliance on third parties for transition services prior to subscriber migration;


•	difficulties in supporting and migrating acquired subscribers, if any, to our platforms, which could cause subscriber churn, unanticipated costs and damage to our reputation;


•	disruption of our ongoing business and diversion of management and other resources from existing operations;


•	the incurrence of additional debt or the issuance of equity securities, resulting in dilution to existing stockholders, in order to fund an acquisition;


•	assumption of debt or other actual or contingent liabilities of the acquired company, including litigation risk;


•	differences in corporate culture, compliance protocols, and risk management practices between us and acquired companies;


•	potential loss of the key employees of an acquired business;


•	potential loss of the subscribers or partners of an acquired business due to the actual or perceived impact of the acquisition;


•	difficulties associated with governance, management and control matters in majority or minority investments or joint ventures;


•	unforeseen or undisclosed liabilities or challenges associated with the companies, businesses or technologies we acquire;


•	adverse tax consequences, including exposure of our entire business to taxation in additional jurisdictions; and


•	accounting effects, including potential impairment charges and requirements that we record deferred revenue at fair value.

Any of these risks could result in our acquisitions disrupting our business and/or failing to achieve their intended objectives.

We have a history of losses and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

We had a net loss in each year since inception through 2017. Although we reported net income for fiscal year 2018, we do not know whether we will be able to maintain profitability on a continued basis, and we may incur losses in the future. We had

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a net loss attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. of $72.8 million for fiscal year 2016 and $107.3 million for fiscal year 2017, and net income of $4.5 million for fiscal year 2018. In connection with our acquisitions, we have recorded long-lived assets at fair value. We record amortization expense in each reporting period related to the long-lived assets, which impacts the amount of net loss or income we record in each reporting period.

We have made and expect to continue to make significant expenditures to maintain, develop and expand our business, and we may not be able to maintain profitability in light of our expenditure levels. As further discussed in Part II, Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, our total subscriber base decreased during the year ended December 31, 2018 , and revenue in our web presence and domain segments declined for the year ended December 31, 2018 . If we are not successful in addressing the factors that have contributed to these developments, we may not be able to either increase subscriber and revenue growth or maintain current subscriber and revenue levels, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. We may incur significant losses in the future for these or a number of other reasons, including interest expense related to our substantial indebtedness and the other risks described in this report.

We may need additional equity, debt or other financing in the future, which we may not be able to obtain on acceptable terms, or at all, and any additional financing may result in restrictions on our operations or substantial dilution to our stockholders.

We may need to raise funds in the future, for example, to develop new technologies, expand our business, respond to competitive pressures, acquire businesses, or respond to unanticipated situations. Our ability to obtain debt or equity funding will depend on a number of factors, including market conditions, interest rates, our operating performance and investor interest. In addition, incurring additional debt may not be permitted under our credit agreement or indenture governing our 10.875% senior notes due 2024 (which we refer to as the "Notes"), or may require lender or noteholder consent. As such, additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to reduce expenditures, including curtailing our growth strategies, foregoing acquisitions or reducing our product development efforts. If we succeed in raising additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible securities, then the issuance could result in substantial dilution to existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt securities or preferred stock, these new securities would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. In addition, any preferred equity issuance or debt financing that we may obtain in the future could have restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. To the extent any such new indebtedness is secured and is at higher interest rates than on our existing first lien term loan facility, the interest rates on our existing first lien term loan facility could increase as a result of the “most-favored nation” pricing provision in our existing credit agreement. Further, to the extent that we incur additional indebtedness or such other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial leverage described elsewhere in this report, including our possible inability to service our debt, would increase.

We rely on data centers to deliver our services. If we are unable to renew our data center agreements on favorable terms, or at all, our business could be adversely affected. In addition, our ownership of our largest data center subjects us to potential costs and risks associated with real property ownership.

We currently serve most of our subscribers from six data center facilities located in Massachusetts (three), Texas (two), and Utah (one). We own the Utah data center and occupy the remaining data centers pursuant to co-location service agreements with third-party data center facilities which have built and maintain the co-located data centers for us and other parties. Although we own the servers in these data centers and engineer and architect the systems upon which our platforms run, we do not control the operation of the facilities we do not own.

The terms of our existing co-located data center agreements vary in length and expire on various dates through 2023. The owners of these or our other co-located data centers have no obligation to continue such arrangements beyond their current terms, nor are they obligated to renew their agreements with us on terms acceptable to us, or at all. These agreements may not provide us with adequate time to transfer operations to a new facility in the event of early termination. If we were required to move our equipment to a new facility without adequate time to plan and prepare for such migration, we would face significant challenges due to the technical complexity, risk and high costs of the relocation. Any such migration could result in downtime or other disruptions to our services, which could damage our reputation, cause subscriber losses and harm our operating results and financial condition.

If we are able to renew the agreements on our existing co-located data center facilities, the lease rates may be higher than those we pay under our existing agreements. In addition, the complexities and risks of data center migrations, even when we have adequate time to plan for them, can sometimes make it impractical to leave our current data center facilities, even when we may be able to obtain economic or other terms with a new data center provider that would be better for us over the long term. If we fail to increase our revenue by amounts sufficient to offset any increases in lease rates for our existing data center

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facilities, or cannot take advantage of potentially better terms with new data center providers because of migration challenges, our operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

With respect to the data center facility that we own, we are subject to risks, and may incur significant costs, related to our ownership of the facility and the land on which it is located, including costs or risks related to building repairs or upgrades and compliance with various federal, state and local laws applicable to real property owners, including environmental laws.

If our solutions and software contain serious errors or defects, or if human error on our part results in damage to our subscribers’ businesses, then we may lose revenue and market acceptance and may incur costs to defend or settle claims.

Complex technology platforms, software applications and systems such as ours often contain errors or defects, such as errors in computer code, vulnerabilities or other systems errors, particularly when first introduced or when new versions, enhancements or updates are released. Because we also rely on third parties to develop many of our solutions, our products and services may contain additional errors or defects as a result of the integration of the third party’s product. Despite quality assurance measures, internal testing and beta testing by our subscribers, we cannot guarantee that our current and future solutions will be free of serious defects, which could result in lost revenue or a delay in market acceptance. Such errors in computer code, vulnerabilities or other system errors have in the past and may in the future result in performance issues, loss of data, loss or fraudulent transfers of customer domain names, data breaches, malware outbreaks, DDoS attacks staged by using our resources, and other issues. To date, we do not believe that any of these errors has had a material effect on us, but we may experience larger and more serious incidents in the future.

Since our subscribers use our solutions to, among other things, maintain an online presence for their business, it is not uncommon for subscribers to allege that errors, defects, or other performance problems result in damage to their businesses. They could elect to cancel or not to renew their agreements, delay or withhold payments to us, or bring claims or file suit seeking significant compensation from us for the losses they or their businesses allege to have suffered. For instance, from time to time, we have inadvertently deleted subscriber data due to human error, technical problems or miscommunication with customers. These lost data cases have sometimes led to subscribers commencing litigation against us, settlement payments to subscribers, subscription cancellations, and negative social media attention. Although our subscriber agreements typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to specified claims, including data loss claims, existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions could negate or diminish these limitations. Even if not successful, defending against claims brought against us can be time-consuming and costly and could seriously damage our reputation in the marketplace, making it harder for us to acquire and retain subscribers.

Because we are required to recognize revenue for our subscription-based services over the term of the applicable subscriber agreement, changes in our sales may not be immediately reflected in our operating results. In addition, we may not have adequate reserves in the event that our historical levels of refunds increase, which could adversely affect our liquidity and profitability.

We recognize revenue from our subscribers ratably over the respective terms of their agreements with us in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These contracts are generally for service periods of up to 36 months. Accordingly, increases in sales during a particular period do not translate into corresponding increases in revenue during that same period, and a substantial portion of the revenue that we recognize during a quarter is derived from deferred revenue from our agreements with subscribers that we entered into during previous quarters. As a result, we may not generate net earnings despite substantial sales activity during a particular period. Conversely, the existence of substantial deferred revenue may prevent deteriorating sales activity from becoming immediately apparent in our reported operating results.

In connection with our domain registration services, as a registrar, we are required under our agreements with domain registries to prepay the domain registry for the term for which a domain is registered. We recognize this prepayment as an asset on our consolidated balance sheet and record domain revenue and the domain registration expense ratably over the term that a domain is registered. This cash payment to the domain registry may lead to fluctuations in our liquidity that is not immediately reflected in our operating results.

In addition, our standard terms of service permit our subscribers to seek refunds from us in certain instances, and we maintain reserves to provide such refunds. The amount of such reserves is based on the amount of refunds that we have provided in the past. If our actual level of refund claims exceeds our estimates and our refund reserves are not adequate to cover such claims, our liquidity or profitability could be adversely affected. Furthermore, if we experience an unexpected decline in our revenue, we may not be able to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for such shortfall, and any significant shortfall in revenue relative to planned expenditures could adversely affect our business and operating results.

We are subject to numerous laws and regulations, including those related to privacy, data protection and information security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business, and changes in such regulations or laws could require us to modify our products or our marketing, market research and advertising practices.

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We collect personally identifiable information and other data from our subscribers and prospective subscribers. We use this information to provide services to our subscribers, to support, expand and improve our business and, subject to each subscriber’s or prospective subscriber’s right to decline or opt out, we may use this information to market other products and services to them. We may also share subscribers’ personally identifiable information with certain third parties as authorized by the subscriber or as described in our privacy policy.

The U.S. federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed guidelines or rules for the collection, distribution, use and storage of information collected from or about consumers or their devices. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and various U.S. state and local governments and agencies regularly use their authority under laws prohibiting unfair or deceptive marketing and trade practices to investigate and penalize companies for practices related to the collection, use, handling, disclosure, dissemination and security of personal data of U.S. consumers. California adopted significant new consumer privacy laws in June 2018 that will be effective beginning in January 2020. Several foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the countries of the European Union, or EU, Canada, and Brazil, have adopted laws and regulations dealing with the collection, export and use of personal data obtained from their residents, which are often more restrictive than those in the United States. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, export, disclosure and security of personal information that identifies or may be used to identify an individual, such as names, contact information, and, in some jurisdictions, certain unique identifiers. These laws and regulations are subject to frequent revisions and differing interpretations, and have generally become more stringent over time. Furthermore, additional countries and other jurisdictions, including India, are considering the adoption of similar laws and regulations.

On May 25, 2018, the EU-wide General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, took effect, replacing the data protection laws of each EU member state. The GDPR implemented more stringent operational requirements for processors and controllers of personal data, including, for example, expanded disclosures about how personal information is to be used, increased requirements to erase an individual’s information upon request and comply with other requests from individuals, mandatory data breach notification requirements, restrictions on automated decision-making and profiling, and higher standards for data controllers to demonstrate that they have obtained valid consent for certain data processing activities. The GDPR also significantly increased penalties for non-compliance, including where we act as a service provider (e.g., data processor). If our privacy or data security measures fail to comply with applicable current or future laws and regulations, including if we fail to fully notify subscribers and prospective subscribers of our data processing activities and obtain their consent where needed, we may be subject to litigation, regulatory investigations, or enforcement actions (including enforcement notices requiring us to change the way we use personal data or our marketing practices, fines, or other liabilities), as well as negative publicity and a potential loss of business and revenue. Under the GDPR, fines of up to €20,000,000 or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year, whichever is higher, may be imposed.

We also face uncertainty about whether our obligations as a registrar accredited by ICANN will comply with the requirements of the GDPR, since ICANN governs and determines the obligations required for the accreditation of registrars. In particular, if domain name registries elect to or are required by the GDPR to make domain name ownership information private, this could reduce the revenue we receive from selling domain name privacy services to our subscribers.

The GDPR has also imposed more stringent consent requirements related to cookies and similar technologies. This feature of the GDPR, as well as similar future data privacy laws or regulations, or modifications to existing laws or regulations, could impair our ability to collect, transfer and/or use subscriber information that we use to provide targeted advertising to our subscribers or to assist our subscribers in marketing to their own customers. This could negatively affect our ability to maintain and grow our subscriber base and increase revenue. Future restrictions on the collection, use, transfer, sharing or disclosure of our subscribers’ data or additional requirements for obtaining the consent of subscribers for the use and disclosure of such information could require us to modify our solutions and features, possibly in a material manner, and could limit our ability to develop new services and features. For example, further regulation of cookies, web beacons and similar technology for online behavioral advertising, such as the consent requirements under the GDPR, may lead to broader restrictions on our activities, including our collection and use of online usage information in order to attract and retain customers. Such regulation may also increase the potential for civil liability under consumer protection laws. In addition, providers of major browsers have and may continue to include features that allow users to limit the collection of certain data about their Internet usage, which could also inhibit our ability to track and analyze user data.

We rely on third parties to carry out a number of services for us, including processing personal data on our behalf, and while we enter into contractual arrangements to help ensure that they only process such data according to our instructions and have sufficient security measures in place, any security breach or non-compliance with our contractual terms or breach of applicable law by such third parties could result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our subscribers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse impact on our reputation and business. In particular, under certain circumstances, we may be considered liable for non-compliance by our third-party partners with the GDPR or other privacy laws and regulations.

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In addition, we collect personally identifiable data from our employees as part of our standard human resources procedures. This type of information is also subject to various laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where we operate, including evolving EU laws on data export, and it is possible that we or our third party contractors may not comply with applicable requirements, which could result in liability for us.

New laws, regulations or standards or new interpretations of existing laws, regulations or standards, including but not limited to those in the areas of data security, data privacy, data export, consumer protection and regulation of email providers, could require us to incur additional costs and restrict our business operations.

Failure by us to comply with applicable laws or regulations may result in regulatory investigations, governmental enforcement actions, litigation (including potential class action litigation), fines and penalties or adverse publicity, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.

We are subject to consumer protection laws that regulate our marketing practices and prohibit unfair or deceptive acts or practices. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business, and changes in such regulations or laws could require us to modify our products, marketing or advertising efforts.

In connection with the marketing, telemarketing or advertisement of our products and services by us or our affiliates or referral partners, we could be the target of claims relating to false, misleading, deceptive or otherwise noncompliant advertising or marketing practices, including under the auspices of the FTC, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") and state consumer protection statutes. Among other things, our failure to implement any disclosures or functionality required by the FTC, the ADA or state consumer protection statutes in connection with our various brand websites, customer communications or products or services, our failure to obtain the required consent prior to placing calls or sending text messages to mobile phones, or our failure to appropriately comply with "do not call" or "do not contact" requests from individuals, could subject us to adverse regulatory action, litigation, significant fines or other adverse consequences. We also rely on third parties to provide marketing and advertising of our products and services, and we could be liable for, or face reputational harm as a result of, their marketing practices if, for example, they fail to comply with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. In the EU and in other jurisdictions outside of the United States, we could be the target of similar claims under consumer protection laws, regulation of cloud services, e-commerce and distance selling regulation, advertising regulation, unfair competition rules or similar legislation.

Future consumer protection laws or regulations, or modifications to existing laws or regulations (such as, for example, requirements to obtain additional consents from subscribers or to provide them with additional disclosures in order to be permitted to automatically renew their subscriptions), could impair our ability to retain or attract subscribers. Such regulation may also increase the potential for civil liability under consumer protection laws.

The U.S. Controlling the Assault of Non Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, or CAN-SPAM Act, establishes certain requirements for commercial email messages and specifies penalties for the transmission of commercial email messages that are intended to deceive the recipient as to source or content. The CAN-SPAM Act, among other things, obligates the sender of commercial emails to provide recipients with the ability to opt out of receiving future emails from the sender, and carries significant penalties for violations. In addition, some states and countries have passed laws regulating commercial email practices that are significantly more punitive and difficult to comply with than the CAN-SPAM Act, such as Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation, or CASL, and the GDPR, and the EU is considering a regulation that would extend strict opt-in online marketing rules and significantly increase penalties for violations. The ability of our subscribers’ customers to opt out of receiving commercial emails, or "opt-in" rules that require them to affirmatively elect to receive commercial emails, may reduce the effectiveness of our products and marketing efforts, particularly Constant Contact’s email marketing solution.

If we are found to have breached any consumer protection, e-commerce and distance selling, anti-spam, telemarketing, advertising, unfair competition laws, laws pertaining to access to our services by individuals with disabilities, or other laws or regulations in any country, including any laws regulating cloud services, we may be subject to enforcement actions that require us to change our marketing and business practices in a manner which may negatively impact us. This could also result in litigation, fines, penalties and adverse publicity that could cause reputational harm and loss of subscriber trust, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Failure to adequately protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could substantially harm our business and operating results.

In order to protect our intellectual property, proprietary technologies and processes, we rely upon a combination of trademark, patent and trade secret law, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions. These afford only limited protection, may not prevent disclosure of confidential information, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized parties, including employees, subscribers and third parties, have made, and in the future may make, unauthorized

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or infringing use of our brand names, products, services, software and other functionality, in whole or in part, or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary.

Policing our proprietary rights and protecting our brands and domain names is difficult and costly and may not always be effective. In addition, we may need to enforce our rights under the laws of countries that do not protect proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the United States and any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, the intellectual property laws in any country in which we operate may compromise our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights.

Litigation or proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other governmental authorities and administrative bodies in the United States and abroad may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation or proceedings could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to our management, result in a diversion of resources, the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property, and have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights.

There is significant litigation in the United States and abroad involving patents and other intellectual property rights. Companies providing Internet-based products and services are increasingly bringing and becoming subject to suits alleging infringement of proprietary rights, particularly patent rights. The risk of patent litigation has been amplified by the increase in certain third parties, so-called “non-practicing entities,” whose sole business is to assert patent claims and against which our own intellectual property portfolio may provide little deterrent value.

We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting or defending any intellectual property litigation and we have incurred such costs in the past. If we sue to enforce our rights or are sued by a third party that claims that our solutions infringe its rights, the litigation could be expensive and could divert our management’s time and attention. Even a threat of litigation could result in substantial expense and time. In addition, some of our agreements with partners and others require us to indemnify those parties for third-party intellectual property infringement claims, which would increase the cost to us resulting from an adverse ruling on any such claim.

Any intellectual property litigation to which we might become a party, or for which we are required to provide indemnification, may require us to do one or more of the following:


•	cease selling or using solutions that incorporate the intellectual property that our solutions allegedly infringe;


•	make substantial payments for legal fees, settlement payments or other costs or damages;


•	obtain a license or enter into a royalty agreement, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, to sell or use the relevant technology; or redesign the allegedly infringing solutions to avoid infringement, which could be costly, time-consuming or impossible.

If we are required to make substantial payments or undertake any of the other actions noted above as a result of any intellectual property infringement claims against us, our business or operating results could be harmed.

In addition, many companies are devoting significant resources to obtaining patents that could affect many aspects of our business, and our competitors and others may have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than we have. Since we do not have, and are not attempting to develop, a significant patent portfolio, this may prevent us from deterring patent infringement claims as well as limit our ability to develop product enhancements that are similar to patented third-party technology.

Our use of “open source” software could adversely affect our ability to sell our services and subject us to possible litigation.

We use open source software, such as MySQL and Apache, in providing a substantial portion of our solutions, and we may incorporate additional open source software in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses. If we fail to comply with these licenses, we may be subject to certain conditions, including requirements that we offer our solutions that incorporate the open source software for no cost; that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software; and/or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. In addition, if a third-party software provider has incorporated open source software into software that we license from such provider, we could be required to disclose any of our source code that incorporates or is a modification of such licensed software. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our solutions that contained the open source software, and required to comply with the foregoing conditions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our solutions. In addition, there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their products. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source

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software. Such litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our products.

We could face liability, or our reputation might be harmed, as a result of the activities of our subscribers, the content of their websites, the data they store on our servers or the emails that they send.

Our role as a provider of cloud-based solutions, including website hosting services, domain registration services and email marketing, may subject us to potential liability for the activities of our subscribers on or in connection with their websites or domain names or for the data they store on or send using our servers. Although our subscriber terms of use prohibit illegal use of our services by our subscribers and permit us to take down websites or take other appropriate actions for illegal use, subscribers may nonetheless engage in prohibited activities or upload, transmit or store content with us in violation of applicable law, third-party rights, or the subscriber’s own policies, which could subject us to liability.

Several U.S. federal statutes may apply to us with respect to various subscriber activities:

•

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, or DMCA, provides recourse for owners of copyrighted material who believe that their rights under U.S. copyright law have been infringed on the Internet. Under the DMCA, based on our current business activity as an online service provider that does not monitor, own or control website content posted by our subscribers, we generally are not liable for copyright infringing content posted by our subscribers or other third parties, provided that we follow the procedures for handling copyright infringement claims set forth in the DMCA. Generally, if we receive a proper notice from, or on behalf of, a copyright owner alleging infringement of copyrighted material located on websites we host, and we fail to expeditiously remove or disable access to the allegedly infringing material or otherwise fail to meet the requirements of the safe harbor provided by the DMCA, the copyright owner may seek to impose liability on us. We have in the past faced, and could in the future face, liability for copyright infringement due to technical mistakes in complying with the detailed DMCA take-down procedures.

•

The Communications Decency Act of 1996, or CDA, generally protects interactive computer service providers such as us, from liability for certain online activities of their customers, such as the publication of defamatory or other objectionable content. As an interactive computer services provider, we do not monitor hosted websites or prescreen the content placed by our subscribers on their sites. Accordingly, under the CDA, we are generally not responsible for the subscriber-created content hosted on our servers. However, the CDA does not apply in foreign jurisdictions, and new or proposed legislation now or in the future, such as the Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017, or FOSTA, may reduce the immunity provided to us by the CDA. This could require us to develop or purchase tools that automatically screen for certain types of customer content, which would likely be expensive and time-consuming, and may not prove to be effective. Further, despite the CDA, we may nonetheless be brought into disputes between our subscribers and third parties which would require us to devote management time and resources to resolve such matters. We could also be the target of negative publicity about these types of disputes or about our hosting of websites or facilitating of email messages containing objectionable content (including, for example, alleged terrorist or racist content), particularly since there is increasing pressure on companies providing social media platforms and other technology companies to screen for and remove these types of content. Such publicity could also have an adverse effect on our reputation and therefore our business.

•

In addition to the CDA, the Securing the Protection of our Enduring and Established Constitutional Heritage Act, or the SPEECH Act, provides a statutory exception to the enforcement by a U.S. court of a foreign judgment that is less protective of free speech than the United States. Generally, the exception applies if the law applied in the foreign court did not provide at least as much protection for freedom of speech and press as would be provided by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution or by the constitution and law of the state in which the U.S. court is located, or if no finding of a violation would be supported under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution or under the constitution and law of the state in which the U.S. court is located. Although the SPEECH Act may protect us from the enforcement of foreign judgments in the United States, it does not affect the enforceability of the judgment in the foreign country that issued the judgment. Given our international presence, we may therefore, nonetheless, have to defend against or comply with any foreign judgments made against us, which could take up substantial management time and resources and damage our reputation.

Although these statutes and case law in the United States have generally shielded us from liability for subscriber activities to date, court rulings in pending or future litigation, or future legislative or regulatory actions, may narrow the scope of protection afforded us under these laws. Several court decisions and the enactment of FOSTA arguably have already narrowed the scope of the immunity provided to interactive computer services in the United States under the CDA. In addition, laws governing these activities are unsettled in many international jurisdictions, or may prove difficult or impossible for us to comply with in some international jurisdictions. Also, notwithstanding the exculpatory language of these bodies of law, we may be embroiled in complaints and lawsuits which, even if ultimately resolved in our favor, add cost to our doing business and may divert management’s time and attention. Finally, other existing bodies of law, including the criminal laws of various states, may

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be deemed to apply or new statutes or regulations may be adopted in the future, any of which could expose us to further liability and increase our costs of doing business.

We could also face liability under the Stored Communications Act, or SCA, which generally regulates voluntary and compelled disclosures of stored wire and electronic communications and transactional records by electronic communication service providers and remote computing service providers, which we believe includes us. The SCA broadly prevents disclosure of such communications and records with certain exceptions. We regularly receive requests for customer data in the ordinary course of business from law enforcement, government entities or from civil subpoenas. While we have processes and procedures for responding to requests for customer data, we have in the past faced, and may in the future face, liability if we produce customer data in violation of the SCA. This could subject us to litigation, payment of damages, or reputational harm and take up management time and increase our costs of doing business.

We may face liability in connection with ownership or control of subscriber accounts, domain names or email contact lists or in connection with domain names we own.

As a provider of cloud-based solutions, including as a registrar of domain names and related services, we have faced and may continue to face liability or costs related to ownership or control of subscriber accounts, websites, domain names or email contact lists, or in connection with domain names we own, including the following:


•	Our failure to renew a subscriber’s domain name or for our role in the wrongful transfer of control or ownership of accounts, websites or domain names;


•	Other forms of account, website or domain name “hijacking,” including misappropriation by third parties of subscriber accounts, websites or domain names;


•	Trademark infringement if one or more domain names in our domain name portfolios that we own and provide for resale is alleged to violate another party’s trademark;


•	Infringement of third party trademarks or copyrights if advertisements displayed on websites associated with domains registered by us contain allegedly infringing content placed by third parties; and


•	Providing the identity and contact details of a domain name registrant who has purchased our domain privacy service, including in connection with the implementation of the GDPR compliance measures, even though our terms of service reserve the right to provide the underlying WHOIS information and/or to cancel privacy services on domain names in certain circumstances.

Occasionally a subscriber may register a domain name that is identical or similar to another party’s trademark or the name of a living person. Disputes involving registration or control of domain names are often resolved through the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy, or UDRP, ICANN’s administrative process for domain name dispute resolution, or through litigation under the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, or ACPA, or under general theories of trademark infringement or dilution. The UDRP generally does not impose liability on registrars, and the ACPA provides that registrars may not be held liable for registering or maintaining a domain name absent a showing of bad faith, intent to profit or reckless disregard of a court order by the registrar. However, we may face liability if we fail to comply in a timely manner with procedural requirements under these rules. In addition, these processes typically require at least limited involvement by us and, therefore, could result in increased costs for us.

We are subject to export controls and economic sanctions laws that could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.

Our business activities are subject to various restrictions under U.S. export controls and trade and economic sanctions laws, including the U.S. Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, which prohibit certain transactions with U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities. These laws and regulations, and the targets of U.S. sanctions, are subject to change, including without advance notice.

Although we take precautions and have implemented, and continue to seek to enhance, compliance measures to prevent transactions with U.S. sanction targets, from time to time we have identified, and we expect to continue to identify, instances of non-compliance with these laws, rules and regulations and transactions which we are required to block and report to OFAC. In particular, as we enhance the systems we use to screen out prohibited transactions, we may identify additional instances of non-compliance. In addition, as a result of our acquisition activities, we have acquired, and we may acquire in the future, companies for which we could face potential liability or penalties for violations if they have not implemented sufficient compliance measures to prevent transactions with targets of U.S. and other applicable sanctions laws. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to civil or criminal penalties, government investigations, and reputational harm. In addition, if our third-party resellers fail to comply with these laws and regulations in their dealings, we could face potential liability or penalties for violations.

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Changes in our solutions or changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction and sale of our solutions in international markets, prevent our subscribers with international operations from deploying our solutions or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our solutions to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any limitations or prohibitions on, or delays affecting, our ability to export or sell our solutions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Due to the global nature of our business, we could be adversely affected by violations of anti-bribery laws.

The global nature of our business requires us (including our employees, affiliates and business partners or agents acting on our behalf) to comply with laws and regulations that prohibit bribery and corruption anywhere in the world. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, or the Bribery Act, and similar anti-bribery laws in India, Brazil or other jurisdictions where we do business generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials and other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or an improper business advantage. In addition, the FCPA requires public companies to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. We currently operate in areas of the world that have a reputation for heightened risks of corruption and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. In addition, changes in laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure that our employees, business partners or other agents will not engage in prohibited conduct and expose us to the risk of liability under the FCPA, the Bribery Act, or other anti-bribery laws. If we are found to be in violation of the FCPA, the Bribery Act or other anti-bribery laws, we could suffer criminal and civil penalties, other sanctions, and reputational damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets would result in a decrease in earnings.

Current accounting rules provide that goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives may not be amortized, but instead must be tested for impairment at least annually. These rules also require that intangible assets with definite useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Additionally, a reorganization of or change in the number of reporting units could result in the reassignment of goodwill between reporting units and may trigger an impairment assessment. We have substantial goodwill and other intangible assets, and we would be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or intangible assets is determined. Any impairment charges or changes to the estimated amortization periods could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. We recorded charges for impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets during 2016 and 2017, and it is possible we will record additional impairment charges in the future, particularly with respect to the non-strategic brands discussed in Part II, Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Risks Related to Our Substantial Indebtedness

Our substantial level of indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our financial condition.

We now have, and expect to continue to have, significant indebtedness that could result in a material and adverse effect on our business. As of December 31, 2018 , we had approximately $1.9 billion of aggregate indebtedness, net of original issue discounts of $21.3 million and deferred financing costs of $32.0 million . Under our first lien term loan facility entered into on June 20, 2018, which refinanced our prior first lien term loan facility, we are required to repay approximately $7.9 million of principal at the end of each quarter and are required to pay accrued interest upon the maturity of each interest accrual period. We estimate that our interest payments on our new first lien term loan facility will be approximately $99.2 million for 2019. The interest accrual periods under our Senior Credit Facilities are typically three months in duration, except for LIBOR-based revolver loans, which are generally one or three months in duration. The actual amounts of our debt servicing payments vary based on the amounts of indebtedness outstanding, whether we borrow on a LIBOR or base rate basis, the applicable interest accrual periods and the applicable interest rates, which vary based on prescribed formulas. We are also required to pay accrued interest on the Notes on a semi-annual basis. We paid approximately $38.1 million of interest on the Notes during the year ended December 31, 2018 .

We may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future. The terms of our Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the Notes permit us to incur additional debt subject to certain conditions. This high level of debt could have important consequences, including:


•	making it more difficult for us to make payments on our indebtedness;


•	increasing our vulnerability to general adverse financial, business, economic and industry conditions, as well as other factors that are beyond our control;

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•	requiring us to refinance, or resulting in our inability to refinance, all or a portion of our indebtedness at or before maturity, on favorable terms or at all, whether due to uncertain credit markets, our business performance, or other factors;


•	requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, research and development efforts and other general corporate purposes;


•	limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate and placing us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that are less highly leveraged;


•	restricting our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire our capital stock or indebtedness;


•	limiting our ability to borrow additional funds;


•	exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings are, and may in the future be, at variable interest rates;


•	requiring us to sell assets or incur additional indebtedness if we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our liquidity needs; and


•	making it more difficult for us to fund other liquidity needs.

The occurrence of any one of these events or our failure to generate sufficient cash flow from operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face, as described further herein, could intensify and we may not be able to meet all our debt obligations.

The elimination of LIBOR could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced plans to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. Although the impact is uncertain at this time, the elimination of LIBOR could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. We may incur significant expenses to amend our LIBOR-indexed loans, derivatives, and other applicable financial or contractual obligations, including our Senior Credit Facilities and interest rate caps, to a new reference rate, which may differ significantly from LIBOR. Accordingly, the use of an alternative rate could result in increased costs, including increased interest expense on our Senior Credit Facilities, and increased borrowing and hedging costs in the future. Additionally, the elimination of LIBOR may adversely impact the value of and the expected return on our existing derivatives. At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates may become acceptable alternatives to LIBOR and we are unable to predict the effect of any such alternatives on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The terms of our Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the Notes impose restrictions on our business, reducing our operational flexibility and creating default risks. Failure to comply with these restrictions, or other events, could result in default under the relevant agreements that could trigger an acceleration of our indebtedness that we may not be able to repay.

Our Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the Notes require compliance with a set of financial and non-financial covenants. These covenants contain numerous restrictions on our ability to, among other things:


•	incur additional debt;


•	make restricted payments (including any dividends or other distributions in respect of our capital stock and any investments);


•	sell or transfer assets;


•	enter into affiliate transactions;


•	create liens;


•	consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and


•	take other actions.

As a result, we may be restricted from engaging in business activities that may otherwise improve our business or from financing future operations or capital needs. We are also required to comply with a financial covenant to maintain a maximum ratio of consolidated senior secured net indebtedness to an adjusted consolidated EBITDA measure. Failure to comply with the covenants, if not cured or waived, could result in an event of default that could trigger acceleration of our indebtedness, which would require us to repay all amounts owing under our Senior Credit Facilities and the Notes and could have a material adverse impact on our business. Our Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the Notes also contain provisions that trigger repayment obligations, including in some cases upon a change of control, as well as various representations and warranties which, if breached, could lead to events of default. We cannot be certain that our future operating results will be sufficient to ensure compliance with the covenants in our Senior Credit Facilities or the indenture governing the Notes or to remedy any

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defaults under our Senior Credit Facilities or the indenture governing the Notes. In addition, in the event of any event of default and related acceleration, we may not have or be able to obtain sufficient funds to make any accelerated payments.

EIG Investors, the borrower under our Senior Credit Facilities and the Issuer of the Notes, is a holding company, and may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of its indebtedness.

EIG Investors Corp, or EIG Investors, the borrower under our Senior Credit Facilities and the issuer of the Notes, has no direct operations and no significant assets other than the stock of its subsidiaries. Because it conducts its operations through its operating subsidiaries, EIG Investors depends on those entities to generate the funds necessary to meet its financial obligations, including its required obligations under our Senior Credit Facilities and the Notes. The ability of our subsidiaries to make transfers and other distributions to EIG Investors is subject to, among other things, the terms of any debt instruments of those subsidiaries then in effect, applicable law, prevailing economic and competitive conditions and certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. If transfers or other distributions from our subsidiaries to EIG Investors were eliminated, delayed, reduced or otherwise impaired, its ability to make payments on its obligations would be substantially impaired.

Furthermore, if EIG Investors’ cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund its debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, seek additional capital, restructure or refinance EIG Investors’ or our indebtedness, or sell assets. We may not be able to accomplish any of these alternatives on a timely basis, on satisfactory terms, or at all, which would limit EIG Investors’ ability to meet its scheduled debt service obligations (including in respect of our Senior Credit Facilities or the Notes). Our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the condition of the capital markets and the financial condition of EIG Investors and us at the time. Any refinancing of EIG Investors’ debt could be at higher interest rates and may require EIG Investors to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. Our Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the Notes will also restrict our ability to use the proceeds from asset sales. We may not be able to consummate those asset sales to raise capital or sell assets at prices that we believe are fair, and any proceeds that we receive may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on EIG Investors’ outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis could result in an event of default that would trigger acceleration of our indebtedness and would likely result in a reduction of EIG Investors' credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness.

EIG Investors may not be able to repurchase the Notes upon a change of control or pursuant to an asset sale offer, which would cause a default under the indenture governing the Notes and our Senior Credit Facilities.

Upon the occurrence of specific kinds of change of control events, EIG Investors will be required under the indenture governing the Notes to offer to repurchase all outstanding Notes at 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, unless the Notes have been previously called for redemption. The source of funds for any such purchase of the Notes will be EIG Investors’ available cash or cash generated from its subsidiaries’ operations or other sources, including borrowings, sales of assets or sales of equity. EIG Investors may not be able to repurchase the Notes upon a change of control because it may not have sufficient financial resources to purchase all of the Notes that are tendered upon a change of control. Further, the terms of our Senior Credit Facilities and any of EIG Investors' future debt agreements may restrict EIG Investors from repurchasing all of the Notes tendered by holders upon a change of control. Accordingly, EIG Investors may not be able to satisfy its obligations to purchase the Notes unless it is able to refinance or obtain waivers under our Senior Credit Facilities. EIG Investors’ failure to repurchase the Notes upon a change of control would cause an event of default under the indenture governing the Notes and a cross-default under our Senior Credit Facilities. Our Senior Credit Facilities also provide that a change of control is an event of default that permits lenders to accelerate the maturity of borrowings thereunder. Any of EIG Investors’ future debt agreements may contain similar provisions.

In addition, in certain circumstances following a non-ordinary course asset sale as specified in the indenture governing the Notes, EIG Investors may be required to commence an offer to purchase the Notes with the proceeds from the asset sale at a price equal to 100% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. Our Senior Credit Facilities and any of EIG Investors' future debt agreements may contain restrictions that would limit or prohibit EIG Investors from completing any such offer. EIG Investors’ failure to purchase any such Notes when required under the indenture would be an event of default and a cross-default under our Senior Credit Facilities.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price has been and may in the future be volatile, which could cause holders of our common stock to incur substantial losses.

The trading price of our common stock has been and may in the future be subject to substantial price volatility. As a result of this volatility, our stockholders could incur substantial losses. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the factors listed below and other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section:

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•	low trading volume, which could cause even a small number of purchases or sales of our stock to have an impact on the trading price of our common stock;


•	price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;


•	significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of comparable companies;


•	actual or anticipated changes in our earnings or any financial projections we may provide to the public, or fluctuations in our operating results;


•	changes in expectations for, or evaluations of, our stock by securities analysts, or decisions by securities or industry analysts not to publish or to cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market;


•	ratings changes by debt ratings agencies;


•	short sales, hedging and other derivative transactions involving our capital stock;


•	announcements of technological innovations, new products, strategic alliances, or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;


•	litigation or regulatory proceedings involving us; and


•	recruitment or departure of key personnel.

Securities class action litigation is sometimes brought against companies that experience periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. In May 2015, a class action securities lawsuit was filed against us, and in August 2015, a separate class action securities lawsuit was filed against Constant Contact; we have reached agreements to settle both lawsuits, which are each subject to court approval as further described in Item 3 - Legal Proceedings. In the future, we may be the target of additional securities litigation related to volatility in our stock, which could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from our business.

Future sales of shares of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

A substantial portion of our issued and outstanding common stock can be traded without restriction at any time, and the remaining shares of our issued and outstanding common stock can be sold subject to volume limitations and other requirements applicable to affiliate sales under the federal securities laws. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our common stock. In addition, we have registered 38,000,000 shares of common stock that have been issued or reserved for future issuance under our Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan and 14,346,830 shares of common stock that have been issued or reserved for future issuance under our Constant Contact, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. Of these shares, as of December 31, 2018 , a total of 25,067,926 shares of our common stock are subject to outstanding options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, of which 16,771,335 shares are exercisable or have vested. The exercise of these options or the vesting of restricted stock units and shares of restricted stock and the subsequent sale of the common stock underlying such options or upon the vesting of such restricted stock units and restricted stock awards could cause a decline in our stock price. These sales also might make it difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that any future issuances may have on the market price for our common stock.

In addition, holders of an aggregate of 65,693,919 shares of our common stock have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their shares or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or other stockholders. Once we register these shares, they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to any applicable vesting requirements.

Insiders have substantial control over us, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

As of December 31, 2018 , our directors, executive officers and their affiliates beneficially own, in the aggregate, 50.4% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Specifically, investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus own, in the aggregate, 36.5% of our issued and outstanding common stock, and investment funds and entities affiliated with Goldman Sachs own, in the aggregate, approximately 10.7% of our issued and outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders, if they act together, could have significant influence over the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval. Our stockholders’ agreement contains agreements among the parties with respect to certain matters, including the election of directors, and certain restrictions on our ability to effect specified corporate transactions. If these stockholders were to act together, they could have significant influence over the management and affairs of our company. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company and might affect the market price of our common stock. In particular, the significant ownership interest of investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus and Goldman Sachs in our common stock could adversely affect investors’ perceptions of our corporate governance practices.

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Anti-takeover provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and our stockholders agreement, as well as provisions of Delaware law, might discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our common stock.

Our restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, our stockholders agreement and Delaware law contain provisions that may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares of our common stock. These provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:


•	authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued without stockholder approval and with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;


•	limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;


•	limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings;


•	providing that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be taken at a duly called annual or special meeting of such stockholders and may not be taken by any consent in writing by such stockholders;


•	requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors, subject to limited exceptions set forth in our stockholders agreement;


•	controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of board of directors and stockholder meetings;


•	providing our board of directors with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled special meetings;


•	establishing a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board are elected at one time;


•	establishing Delaware as the exclusive jurisdiction for specified types of stockholder litigation involving us or our directors;

•

providing that for so long as investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus have the right to designate at least three directors for election to our board of directors, certain actions required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders, including amendments to our restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws and certain specified corporate transactions, may be effected only with the affirmative vote of 75% of our board of directors, in addition to any other vote required by applicable law;

•

providing that for so long as investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus have the right to designate at least one director for election to our board of directors and for so long as investment funds and entities affiliated with Goldman Sachs have the right to designate one director for election to our board of directors, in each case, a quorum of our board of directors will not exist without at least one director designee of each of Warburg Pincus and Goldman Sachs present at such meeting, subject to limited exceptions set forth in our stockholders agreement;


•	limiting the determination of the number of directors on our board of directors and the filling of vacancies or newly created seats on the board to our board of directors then in office; subject to limited exceptions set forth in our stockholders agreement; and

•

providing that directors may be removed by stockholders only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the votes that all our stockholders would be entitled to cast in an annual election of directors; provided that any director designated by investment funds and entities affiliated with either Warburg Pincus or Goldman Sachs may be removed with or without cause only by Warburg Pincus or Goldman Sachs, respectively.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our issued and outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our issued and outstanding common stock. Since the investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus and Goldman Sachs became holders of more than 15% of our issued and outstanding common stock in a transaction that was approved by our board of directors, the restrictions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation law would not apply to a business combination transaction with any investment funds or entities affiliated with either Warburg Pincus or Goldman Sachs. In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation expressly exempts investment funds and entities affiliated with either Warburg Pincus or Goldman Sachs from the applicability of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Any provision of our restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

The existence of the foregoing provisions and anti-takeover measures could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. They could also deter potential acquirers of our company, thereby reducing the likelihood that you could receive a premium for your common stock in an acquisition.

Certain of our stockholders have the right to engage or invest in the same or similar businesses as us.

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Investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus or Goldman Sachs, together, hold a significant interest in our company. Warburg Pincus, Goldman Sachs and their respective affiliates have other investments and business activities in addition to their ownership of our company. Warburg Pincus, Goldman Sachs and their respective affiliates have the right, and have no duty to abstain from exercising the right, to engage or invest in the same or similar businesses as us. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we have, on behalf of ourselves, our subsidiaries and our and their respective stockholders, renounced any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any business opportunity that may be presented to Warburg Pincus, Goldman Sachs or any of their respective affiliates, partners, principals, directors, officers, members, managers, employees or other representatives, and no such person has any duty to communicate or offer such business opportunity to us or any of our subsidiaries or shall be liable to us or any of our subsidiaries or any of our or its stockholders for breach of any duty, as a director or officer or otherwise, by reason of the fact that such person pursues or acquires such business opportunity, directs such business opportunity to another person or fails to present such business opportunity, or information regarding such business opportunity, to us or our subsidiaries, unless, in the case of any such person who is a director or officer of ours, such business opportunity is expressly offered to such director or officer in writing solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of ours.

We may not pay any dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.

We do not currently anticipate that we will pay any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Instead, we expect to retain any earnings to invest in our business. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends is currently limited by the terms of our Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the Notes, and any future credit agreement may contain terms prohibiting or limiting the amount of dividends that may be declared or paid on our common stock. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, to realize any return on their investment.



ITEM 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments

None.



ITEM 2.	Properties

As of December 31, 2018 , we leased approximately 115,000 square feet of office space located in Burlington, Massachusetts, which serves as our corporate headquarters, under a lease that expires in March 2026.

Our web presence segment used additional offices and data centers, primarily:


•	approximately 267,000 square feet of leased office space in the United States located primarily in Arizona, Texas, Utah and Washington;


•	approximately 59,000 square feet of leased office space outside of the United States located primarily in Brazil and the Netherlands;


•	approximately 57,000 square feet of office and data center space we own in Utah; and


•	leased and co-located data center space located primarily in Massachusetts and Texas, with approximately 2,560 kilowatts of power under contract.

Our domain segment used additional offices and data centers, primarily:


•	approximately 86,000 square feet of leased office space outside of the United States located primarily in India; and


•	leased and co-located data center space located primarily in Texas, India and Hong Kong, with approximately 400 kilowatts of power under contract.

Our email marketing segment used additional offices and data centers, primarily:


•	approximately 193,000 square feet of leased office space in the United States located primarily in Massachusetts, Colorado and New York; and


•	leased and co-located data center space located primarily in Massachusetts and Texas, with approximately 750 kilowatts of power under contract.

We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate planned expansion of our operations.



ITEM 3.	Legal Proceedings

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From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings or subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently involved in any such legal proceeding or subject to any such claim that, in the opinion of our management, would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. However, the results of such legal proceedings or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. Neither the ultimate outcome of the Machado and McGee shareholder litigation matters listed below nor an estimate of any probable losses or any reasonably possible losses (other than the reserves specifically discussed below) can be assessed at this time.

Endurance

We received a subpoena dated December 10, 2015 from the Boston Regional Office of the SEC, requiring the production of certain documents, including, among other things, documents related to our financial reporting, including operating and non-GAAP metrics, refund, sales and marketing practices and transactions with related parties. On June 5, 2018, we announced that we had resolved both this investigation and the Constant Contact investigation discussed below by consenting to the SEC's entry of a cease and desist order (the "Order"), without admitting or denying the SEC's findings set forth in the Order, and by paying a civil monetary penalty. We accrued the penalty in our fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 and paid the penalty in the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.

On May 4, 2015, Christopher Machado, a purported holder of our common stock, filed a civil action in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts against us and our former chief executive officer and our former chief financial officer, captioned Machado v. Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 1:15-cv-11775-GAO. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on December 8, 2015, a second amended complaint on March 18, 2016, and a third amended complaint on June 30, 2017. In the third amended complaint, plaintiffs Christopher Machado and Michael Rubin allege claims for violations of Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act, on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of our securities between October 25, 2013 and December 16, 2015, including persons or entities who purchased or acquired our shares pursuant or traceable to the registration statement and prospectus issued in connection with our October 25, 2013 initial public offering. The plaintiffs challenge as false or misleading certain of our disclosures about the total number of subscribers, average revenue per subscriber, the number of customers paying over $500 per year for our products and services, and the average number of products sold per subscriber. The plaintiffs seek, on behalf of themselves and the purported class, compensatory damages, rescissory damages as to class members who purchased shares pursuant to the offering and the plaintiffs' costs and expenses of litigation. On January 12, 2018, the parties filed a joint motion to stay all proceedings pending the outcome of a mediation between the parties. The court granted the stay on February 21, 2018 and later extended the stay to allow the parties to discuss a potential resolution of this matter. The parties then negotiated the terms and conditions of a stipulation and agreement of settlement and related papers, which, among other things, provide for the release of all claims asserted against us and our former chief executive officer and our former chief financial officer. On July 6, 2018, the plaintiffs filed an unopposed motion seeking preliminary approval of the proposed settlement, certification of the proposed settlement class, and approval of notice to the settlement class. On January 2, 2019, the court entered an order preliminarily approving the settlement and scheduling a hearing for September 13, 2019 at which the court will determine whether the proposed settlement is fair, reasonable and adequate and whether the case should therefore be dismissed with prejudice. Our contribution to the settlement pool under the proposed settlement would be approximately equal to the $7.3 million we reserved in connection with a possible settlement of both this action and the McGee litigation discussed below. We cannot make any assurances as to whether or when the settlement will be approved by the court.

Constant Contact

On December 10, 2015, Constant Contact received a subpoena from the Boston Regional Office of the SEC, requiring the production of documents pertaining to Constant Contact’s sales, marketing, and customer retention practices, as well as periodic public disclosure of financial and operating metrics. As discussed above, on June 5, 2018, we announced that we had settled both this investigation and the Endurance investigation discussed above by consenting to the SEC’s entry of the Order, without admitting or denying the SEC’s findings set forth in the Order, and by paying a civil monetary penalty. We accrued the penalty in our fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 and paid the penalty in the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.

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filed an unopposed motion seeking preliminary approval of the proposed settlement, certification of the proposed settlement class for settlement purposes only, and approval of notice to the settlement class. The court has not yet ruled on this motion. Our contribution to the settlement pool under the proposed settlement would be approximately equal to the $7.3 million we reserved during the three months ended September 30, 2018 in connection with a possible settlement of both this action and the Endurance Machado litigation discussed above. We cannot make any assurances as to whether or when the settlement will be approved by the court.

In August 2012, RPost Holdings, Inc., RPost Communications Limited and RMail Limited, or collectively, RPost, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas that named Constant Contact as a defendant in a lawsuit. The complaint alleged that certain elements of Constant Contact’s email marketing technology infringe five patents held by RPost. RPost sought an award for damages in an unspecified amount and injunctive relief. In February 2013, RPost amended its complaint to name five of Constant Contact’s marketing partners as defendants. Under Constant Contact’s contractual agreements with these marketing partners, Constant Contact is obligated to indemnify them for claims related to patent infringement. Constant Contact filed a motion to sever and stay the claims against its partners and multiple motions to dismiss the claims against it. In January 2014, the case was stayed pending the resolution of certain state court and bankruptcy actions involving RPost, to which Constant Contact is not a party. Meanwhile, RPost asserted the same patents it asserted against Constant Contact in litigation against GoDaddy. In June 2016, GoDaddy succeeded in invalidating all of those RPost patents, with Endurance filing an amicus brief in the Federal Circuit in support of GoDaddy’s position in November 2016. RPost’s efforts to appeal, including filing a writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court, which was denied on December 11, 2017, were unsuccessful. All claims asserted by RPost against Constant Contact in December 2012 thus remain invalid except for one claim from one patent which RPost did not assert against GoDaddy. Constant Contact has notified RPost that Constant Contact believes the remaining claim is invalid in light of the other litigation that RPost lost. On December 12, 2017, Constant Contact moved to lift the stay in the District Court order to file a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings invalidating all of the RPost patents-in-suit. While this motion was pending, RPost voluntarily dismissed all of its patent claims against Constant Contact and the defendant marketing partners of Constant Contact on December 29, 2017. On January 19, 2018, the district court entered an order dismissing the lawsuit.



ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Part II



ITEM 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market for Our Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “EIGI.”

Stockholders

As of January 31, 2019, there were approximately 32 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees.

Dividend Policy

We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare dividends will be subject to the discretion of our board of directors and applicable law and will depend on various factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, prospects and any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Our credit agreement and the indenture governing our senior notes limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock, and the terms of any future loan agreement into which we may enter or any additional debt securities we may issue are likely to contain similar restrictions on the payment of dividends.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan

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The information concerning our equity compensation plan is incorporated by reference from the information in our Proxy Statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates.

Stock Performance Graph

The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any filing of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference in such filing.

The graph set forth below compares the cumulative total return on our common stock to the cumulative total return of the Nasdaq Composite Index and the RDG Internet Composite Index from December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2018 . The comparison assumes $100 was invested after the market closed on December 31, 2013 in our common stock, and each of the foregoing indices, and it assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any.

The comparisons shown in the graph below are based upon historical data. We caution that the stock price performance shown in the graph below is not necessarily indicative of, nor is it intended to forecast, the potential future performance of our common stock.



	12/31/2013		12/31/2014		12/31/2015		12/31/2016		12/31/2017		12/31/2018
Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	100.00	$	129.97	$	77.08	$	65.59	$	59.24	$	46.90
Nasdaq Composite Index	$	100.00	$	114.62	$	122.81	$	133.19	$	172.11	$	165.84
RDG Internet Composite Index	$	100.00	$	96.39	$	133.20	$	140.23	$	202.15	$	201.16

Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 , and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 , are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future period. The comparability of the information in the table below is affected by acquisitions we completed during the periods shown, particularly the acquisition of Constant Contact in February 2016 and the related increase in our indebtedness to finance that acquisition. You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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	Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2016			Year Ended December 31, 2017			Year Ended December 31, 2018
	(in thousands, except per share and share information)
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Revenue	$	629,845		$	741,315		$	1,111,142		$	1,176,867		$	1,145,291
Cost of revenue (1)	381,488			425,035			583,991			603,930			520,737
Gross profit	248,357			316,280			527,151			572,937			624,554
Operating expense:
Sales and marketing	146,797			145,419			303,511			277,460			265,424
Engineering and development (2)	19,549			26,707			87,601			78,772			87,980
General and administrative (3)	69,533			90,968			175,379			164,745			124,204
Impairment of goodwill	—			—			—			12,129			—
Total operating expense (4)	235,879			263,094			566,491			533,106			477,608
Income (loss) from operations	12,478			53,186			(39,340		)	39,831			146,946
Total other expense, net	(57,083		)	(52,974		)	(150,450		)	(157,006		)	(148,391		)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	(44,605		)	212			(189,790		)	(117,175		)	(1,445		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,186			11,342			(109,858		)	(17,281		)	(6,246		)
(Loss) income before equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	(50,791		)	(11,130		)	(79,932		)	(99,894		)	4,801
Equity loss (income) of unconsolidated entities, net of tax	61			14,640			1,297			(110		)	267
Net (loss) income	(50,852		)	(25,770		)	(81,229		)	(99,784		)	4,534
Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest	(8,017		)	—			(8,398		)	7,524			—
Net (loss) income attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	(42,835	)	$	(25,770	)	$	(72,831	)	$	(107,308	)	$	4,534
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.
Basic	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.20	)	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.78	)	$	0.03
Diluted	$	(0.34	)	$	(0.20	)	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.78	)	$	0.03
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.
Basic	127,512,346			131,340,557			133,415,732			137,322,201			142,316,993
Diluted	127,512,346			131,340,557			133,415,732			137,322,201			145,669,760

(1)

Includes stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million, $2.0 million, $5.9 million , $6.1 million and $3.8 million , for the years ended December 31, 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively. Also includes amortization expense of $102.7 million, $91.1 million, $143.6 million , $140.4 million and $103.1 million for the years ended December 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively. Also includes impairment of intangible assets of $18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.


(2)	Includes impairment of intangible assets of $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.


(3)	Includes transaction expenses of $4.8 million, $9.6 million, $32.3 million , $0.8 million , and $0.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively.


(4)	Includes stock-based compensation expense of $15.5 million, $27.9 million, $52.4 million , $53.9 million and $25.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively.

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	2014			2015			2016			2017			2018
	(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	32,379		$	33,030		$	53,596		$	66,493		$	88,644
Property and equipment, net	56,837			75,762			95,272			95,452			92,275
Working capital (deficit)	(274,726		)	(370,335		)	(362,677		)	(359,222		)	(300,692		)
Total assets	1,746,043			1,802,500			2,756,274			2,600,034			2,606,507
Current and long-term debt, net of original issuance discounts and deferred financing costs ⁽¹⁾	1,086,475			1,092,385			1,986,980			1,892,245			1,801,661
Current and long-term financed equipment	8,095			13,081			7,202			15,349			8,379
Total stockholders’ equity	174,496			179,674			124,383			83,005			174,454

(1) Net of deferred financing costs of $0.4 million, $1.0 million, $43.3 million, $37.7 million and $32.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively, for the Company's retrospective adoption of ASU 2015-03: Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 are also net of original issuance discount of $25.9 million , $25.8 million and $21.3 million , respectively.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We currently report our financial results in three reportable segments, as follows:

Email Marketing . Our email marketing segment consists of Constant Contact email marketing tools and related products and our SinglePlatform digital storefront solution.

Our 2018 financial results reflected progress against our operating plan as we aim to attract subscribers with higher long-term revenue potential and on improving the product, customer support and user experience for key strategic brands. Changes in revenue, net income (loss) and net cash provided by operating activities are summarized below (in thousands):

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	Year Ended December 31, 2017			Year Ended December 31, 2018
Revenue	$	1,176,867		$	1,145,291
Net income (loss)	$	(99,784	)	$	4,534
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	201,273		$	182,552


•	Revenue decreased by 3% from 2017 primarily due to revenue declines in the web presence segment and to a lesser extent, in the domain segment. This decline was partially offset by an increase in email marketing segment revenue.


•	Net income (loss) improved in 2018 as compared to 2017 , due primarily to decreases in amortization expense, impairment charges, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, net interest expense, depreciation expense, and lower cost of revenue and lower operating expense, all of which were partially offset by lower revenue and lower income tax benefit.

•

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by 9% from 2017. This decrease was primarily due to the following factors: lower revenue; lower subscriber billings; payments related to our SEC investigation settlement; and the purchase of an interest rate cap to manage interest rate risk on our term loan. These factors were partially offset by lower payments for restructuring and reduced interest payments. Our cash flows allowed us to make voluntary debt principal payments of $68.6 million in 2018, which were in addition to required debt principal payments of $32.2 million made during the year.

Our total subscriber base decreased during 2018 . Attrition in our non-strategic brands accounted for a majority of subscriber losses during the year. These non-strategic brands are principally hosting brands, but also include our cloud backup brands and certain other products that we launched in the past several years but no longer actively market, which we sometimes refer to as "gateway" products. Subscriber counts are decreasing in these brands, and we are managing them to optimize cash flow rather than to acquire new subscribers. These non-strategic brands had a negative impact in 2018 on our revenue growth, net subscriber additions and subscriber billings, and we expect these impacts to continue for the near term.

Our 2018 operating plan focused on delivering increased value to customers of our key strategic brands, including Constant Contact, Bluehost, HostGator and Domain.com, and on simplifying our operations to perform more effectively and efficiently. We increased our investments in engineering and development in 2018 in order to improve the customer experience and expand product offerings in our strategic brands. Year-over-year cost savings in data center and support operations helped offset the impact of these initiatives on net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA. We expect to continue our focus on engineering and development across our three segments in 2019, as more specifically described below.

Web presence . In our web presence segment, we focused in 2018 on offering a better customer experience in our key hosting brands by improving customer support levels and enhancing our core hosting and website builder offerings. We expect to continue this progress in 2019 by offering a broader suite of business solutions for customers at various stages in their business lifecycle, and by leveraging our new domain platform, discussed below, to provide a better domain purchase experience for customers of these brands.

Domain . In our domain segment, in 2018 we launched a new, more intuitive control panel and front-of-site interface on our Domain.com brand, which includes a Microsoft Office 365 email and productivity suite offering. In 2019, we plan to continue investing in engineering and marketing in order to transition this segment from a domain focus to a broader small business solutions offering, and to leverage our new domain control panel on our key strategic hosting brands and on other domain-focused brands on our platform.

Email marketing . In our email marketing segment, during 2018 we invested in improvements to the customer experience by introducing additional product features in our core email marketing offering, including branded template creation and customer segmentation capabilities. In 2019, we plan to continue to enhance and broaden our service offerings, including through integration with other Endurance assets, and to focus on opportunities to expand the Constant Contact brand as a small business solutions provider.

We believe these continuing investments will position us for growth in the future. Although fiscal year 2019 net income (loss) may not be significantly impacted by these additional investments in engineering and development, mainly due to a partly offsetting decline in amortization expense, our adjusted EBITDA, cash flow from operations and free cash flow are likely to be adversely impacted.

During the first quarter of 2018, we revised the amounts we previously reported for gross profit, net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA for our web presence and domain segments for fiscal years 2016 and 2017. Consolidated results were not impacted by this misstatement. Please see Note 21 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial statements in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the revision.

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Key Metrics

We use a number of metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate the operating and financial performance of our business, identify trends affecting our business, develop projections and make strategic business decisions:


•	total subscribers;


•	average revenue per subscriber ("ARPS");


•	adjusted EBITDA; and


•	free cash flow.

Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are non-GAAP financial measures. A non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s operating performance, financial position or cash flow that includes or excludes amounts that are included or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Our non-GAAP financial measures may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in our industry, as other companies in our industry may calculate non-GAAP financial results differently. In addition, there are limitations in using non-GAAP financial measures because they are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and exclude expenses that may have a material impact on our reported financial results. For example, adjusted EBITDA excludes interest expense, which has been and will continue to be for the foreseeable future a significant recurring expense in our business. The presentation of non-GAAP financial information is not meant to be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. We urge you to review the additional information about adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow shown below, including the reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their comparable GAAP financial measures, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

The table below summarizes total subscribers, ARPS and adjusted EBITDA by segment for the periods presented (in thousands, except ARPS). For a discussion of free cash flow, see " Liquidity and Capital Resources."



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017			2018
Consolidated metrics:
Total subscribers	5,371		5,051			4,802
Average subscribers	5,283		5,211			4,927
Average revenue per subscriber	$	17.53	$	18.82		$	19.37
Adjusted EBITDA	$	288,396	$	350,814		$	338,058

Web presence segment metrics:
Total subscribers	4,198		3,849			3,639
Average subscribers	4,233		4,024			3,744
Average revenue per subscriber	$	12.77	$	13.29		$	13.47
Adjusted EBITDA	$	156,718	$	165,088		$	146,578

Email marketing segment metrics:
Total subscribers	544		519			497
Average subscribers	494		531			508
Average revenue per subscriber	$	55.11	$	62.92		$	67.28
Adjusted EBITDA	$	116,261	$	185,869		$	183,384

Domain segment metrics:
Total subscribers	629		683			666
Average subscribers	556		656			675
Average revenue per subscriber	$	20.34	$	16.98		$	16.05
Adjusted EBITDA	$	15,417	$	(143	)	$	8,096

Figures for the year ended December 31, 2016 include the impact of Constant Contact since February 10, 2016, the day after the closing of the acquisition.

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Total Subscribers

We define total subscribers as the approximate number of subscribers that, as of the end of a period, are identified as subscribing directly to our products on a paid basis, excluding accounts that access our solutions via resellers or that purchase only domain names from us. Subscribers of more than one brand, and subscribers with more than one distinct billing relationship or subscription with us, are counted as separate subscribers. Total subscribers for a period reflects adjustments to add or subtract subscribers as we integrate acquisitions and/or are otherwise able to identify subscribers that meet, or do not meet, this definition of total subscribers. We refer to these adjustments in this discussion of total subscribers as “Adjustments.”

Most of our web presence segment subscribers have hosting subscriptions, but web presence subscribers also include customers who do not have a web hosting subscription but subscribe to other non-hosting services such as email or domain privacy. These subscribers generally have lower-priced subscriptions than hosting subscribers.

Domain segment subscribers mostly consist of customers who have a domain name subscription as well as a subscription to another product, such as domain privacy, or a basic hosting or email service that is bundled with their domain subscription. We refer to these subscribers, along with the non-hosting web presence segment subscribers discussed above, as "light web presence" subscribers. Light web presence subscribers generally have lower long-term revenue potential than other subscribers. As of December 31, 2018 , we had a total of approximately 577,000 light web presence subscribers, a majority of which were associated with our domain segment. Also included as domain segment subscribers are hosting customers of our BigRock and HostGator India brands and certain other small web hosting brands that share technology platforms with our domain-focused brands.

The table below shows the approximate sources of changes in our total subscriber count by segment during 2017 and 2018 (all numbers in thousands). Adjustments below are shown on a full year basis.



	Web Presence		Domain		Email Marketing		Total
	# subscribers		# subscribers		# subscribers		# subscribers
Total Subscribers - December 31, 2016	4,198		629		544		5,371
Light web presence subscribers	16		25		—		41
Adjustments	(19	)	26		—		7
All other subscriber (decrease) growth	(346	)	3		(25	)	(368	)
Total Subscribers - December 31, 2017	3,849		683		519		5,051
Light web presence subscribers	10		(14	)	—		(4	)
All other subscriber decrease	(220	)	(3	)	(22	)	(245	)
Total Subscribers - December 31, 2018 ⁽¹⁾	3,639		666		497		4,802

(1) As previously disclosed, 2018 total email marketing subscriber count was impacted by changes made to Constant Contact's account cancellation policy in the second quarter of 2018, which resulted in a loss of approximately 10,500 subscribers for that quarter.

The decrease in total subscribers from 5.051 million at December 31, 2017 to 4.802 million at December 31, 2018 was driven primarily by subscriber losses in non-strategic brands in our web presence segment and, to a lesser extent, by subscriber losses in our email marketing and domain segments.

The decrease in total subscribers from 5.371 million at December 31, 2016 to 5.051 million at December 31, 2017 was driven primarily by subscriber losses in our web presence segment, a majority of which were due to subscriber attrition in our non-strategic brands and, to a lesser extent, by subscriber losses in our email marketing and domain segments.

We expect total subscribers to continue to decrease for the near term, due primarily to the impact of subscriber churn in non-strategic web presence brands.

Average Revenue per Subscriber

We calculate average revenue per subscriber, or ARPS, as the amount of revenue we recognize in a period, including marketing development funds and other revenue not received from subscribers, divided by the average of the number of total subscribers at the beginning of the period and at the end of the period, which we refer to as average subscribers for the period, divided by the number of months in the period. For our web presence and email marketing segments, we believe ARPS is an indicator of our ability to optimize our mix of products, services and pricing to both new and existing subscribers. For our domain segment, ARPS may fluctuate from period to period due to changes in the amount of non-subscriber based revenue, reseller activity and other factors impacting this segment as discussed in more detail below.

The following table reflects the calculation of ARPS (all data in thousands, except ARPS data):

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	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018
Consolidated revenue	$	1,111,142	$	1,176,867	$	1,145,291
Consolidated total subscribers	5,371		5,051		4,802
Consolidated average subscribers for the period	5,283		5,211		4,927
Consolidated ARPS	$	17.53	$	18.82	$	19.37

Web presence revenue	$	648,732	$	641,993	$	605,315
Web presence subscribers	4,198		3,849		3,639
Web presence average subscribers	4,233		4,024		3,744
Web presence ARPS	$	12.77	$	13.29	$	13.47

Email marketing revenue	$	326,808	$	401,250	$	410,052
Email marketing subscribers	544		519		497
Email marketing average subscribers	494		531		508
Email marketing ARPS	$	55.11	$	62.92	$	67.28

Domain revenue	$	135,602	$	133,624	$	129,924
Domain subscribers	629		683		666
Domain average subscribers	556		656		675
Domain ARPS	$	20.34	$	16.98	$	16.05

ARPS does not represent an exact measure of the average amount a subscriber spends with us each month, because our calculation of ARPS includes all of our revenue, including revenue generated by non-subscribers, in the numerator. We have three principal sources of non-subscriber revenue:


•	Revenue from domain-only customers . Our web presence and domain segments each earn revenue from domain-only customers. For our web presence segment, 0.9% of our fiscal year 2018 revenue was earned from domain only customers. For our domain segment, approximately 5.7% of our revenue for fiscal year 2018 was earned from domain only customers.


•	Domain monetization revenue . This consists principally of revenue from our BuyDomains brand, which provides premium domain name products and services, and, to a lesser extent, revenue from advertisements placed on unused domains (often referred to as “parked” pages) owned by us or our customers. A significant portion of this revenue is associated with our domain segment.


•	Revenue from marketing development funds . Marketing development funds are the amounts that certain of our partners pay us to assist in and incentivize our marketing of their products.

A portion of our revenue is generated from customers that resell our services. We refer to these customers as “resellers.” We consider these resellers (rather than the end user customers of these resellers) to be subscribers under our total subscribers definition, because we do not have a billing relationship with the end users and cannot determine the number of end users acquiring our services through a reseller. A majority of our reseller revenue is for the purchase of domains and is primarily related to our domain segment. Approximately 40% of our domain segment revenue is earned from resellers. Reseller revenue earned by our web presence segment and our email marketing segment has been less than 4% and 1%, respectively, for all periods presented, and fluctuations in reseller revenue have not materially impacted ARPS for these segments.

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 : ARPS

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , consolidated ARPS increased from $18.82 to $19.37 , respectively. This increase in ARPS was driven primarily by our email marketing segment, and to a lesser extent, a focus on higher lifetime revenue subscribers in our web presence segment. These increases in ARPS were partially offset by lower ARPS in our domain segment.

Web presence ARPS increased from $13.29 to $13.47 for the year ended December 31, 2018 , primarily due to a shift in our marketing programs away from targeting subscribers for our lower priced products, and towards targeting subscribers who

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have higher lifetime revenue potential. This shift in focus has resulted in a loss of subscribers of lower priced products, resulting in an overall increase in ARPS.

Email marketing ARPS increased from $62.92 to $67.28 for the year ended December 31, 2018 , primarily due to price increases and additional purchases by existing subscribers.

Domain ARPS decreased from $16.98 to $16.05 for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was partially due to a decrease in non-subscriber revenue, including domain monetization and marketing development funds, from $27.6 million for fiscal year 2017 to $25.8 million for fiscal year 2018, which decreased ARPS by $0.33, and the balance of the decrease was attributable to increased sales of lower priced products.

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 : ARPS

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 , consolidated ARPS increased from $17.53 to $18.82 , respectively. This increase in ARPS was driven primarily by our email marketing segment, and to a lesser extent, a focus on higher lifetime revenue subscribers in our web presence segment. These increases in ARPS were partially offset by lower ARPS in our domain segment.

Web presence ARPS increased from $12.77 for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $13.29 for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily due to a shift in our marketing programs away from targeting subscribers for our lower priced gateway products, and towards targeting subscribers who have higher lifetime revenue potential. This shift in focus has resulted in a loss of subscribers of lower priced products, resulting in an overall increase in ARPS. Non-subscriber revenue, which includes domain monetization and marketing development funds, increased slightly from $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, causing ARPS to increase by $0.01. Light web presence subscribers, which generally purchase lower priced products, are less than 5% of total subscribers for this segment, and the increase in these subscribers during 2017 did not materially impact ARPS.

Email marketing APRS increased from $55.11 for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $62.92 for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily due to the Constant Contact purchase accounting adjustment during 2016, which represents the reduction of post-acquisition revenue from the write-down of deferred revenue to fair value as of the acquisition date. The Constant Contact purchase accounting adjustment reduced email marketing segment revenue during the year ended December 31, 2016 by $15.2 million and resulted in a negative impact on ARPS of $2.56. The remaining increase in ARPS was primarily attributable to additional purchases by existing subscribers, including price increases.

Domain APRS decreased from $20.34 for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $16.98 for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This decrease was primarily due to increases in light web presence subscribers, which generally acquire lower priced products. In addition, a decrease in non-subscriber revenue, including domain monetization and marketing development funds, from $30.1 million for fiscal year 2016 to $27.6 million for fiscal year 2017, decreased ARPS by $1.00.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net income (loss), excluding the impact of

interest expense (net), income tax expense (benefit), depreciation, amortization of other intangible assets, stock-based compensation, restructuring expenses, transaction expenses and charges, (gain) loss of unconsolidated entities, impairment of other long-lived assets, SEC investigations reserve (which refers to an $8.0 million reserve we recorded in the third quarter of 2017 in connection with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") investigations initiated against Endurance and Constant Contact in December 2015, which we settled in June 2018), and shareholder litigation reserve. We view adjusted EBITDA as a performance measure and believe it helps investors evaluate and compare our core operating performance from period to period.

The following table reflects the reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net loss calculated in accordance with GAAP for the periods presented.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
Consolidated	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	(81,229	)	$	(99,784	)	$	4,534
Interest expense, net ⁽¹⁾	152,312			156,406			148,391

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Income tax expense (benefit)	(109,858		)	(17,281		)	(6,246		)
Depreciation	60,360			55,185			48,207
Amortization of other intangible assets	143,562			140,354			103,148
Stock-based compensation	58,267			60,001			29,064
Restructuring expenses	24,224			15,810			3,368
Transaction expenses and charges	32,284			773			—
(Gain) loss of unconsolidated entities ⁽²⁾	(565		)	(110		)	267
Impairment of other long-lived assets	9,039			31,460			—
SEC investigations reserve	—			8,000			—
Shareholder litigation reserve	—			—			7,325
Adjusted EBITDA	$	288,396		$	350,814		$	338,058

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
Web presence	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	(22,161	)	$	(64,962	)	$	(22,534	)
Interest expense, net ⁽¹⁾	68,617			67,491			70,956
Income tax expense (benefit)	(78,901		)	4,063			(4,961		)
Depreciation	33,590			37,634			32,915
Amortization of other intangible assets	72,733			60,277			47,020
Stock-based compensation	41,481			46,641			16,000
Restructuring expenses	1,625			9,131			2,135
Transaction expenses and charges	31,260			—			—
(Gain) loss of unconsolidated entities ⁽²⁾	(565		)	(110		)	267
Impairment of other long-lived assets	9,039			600			—
SEC investigations reserve	—			4,323			—
Shareholder litigation reserve	—			—			4,780
Adjusted EBITDA	$	156,718		$	165,088		$	146,578

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
Email marketing	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	(55,857	)	$	(10,615	)	$	38,628
Interest expense, net ⁽¹⁾	81,469			86,914			68,317
Income tax expense (benefit)	(33,543		)	5,152			115
Depreciation	23,747			13,912			11,497
Amortization of other intangible assets	64,679			74,467			53,100
Stock-based compensation	12,403			6,934			9,638
Restructuring expenses	22,379			5,581			589
Transaction expenses and charges	984			773			—
(Gain) loss of unconsolidated entities ⁽²⁾	—			—			—
Impairment of other long-lived assets	—			—			—
SEC investigations reserve	—			2,751			—
Shareholder litigation reserve	—			—			1,500
Adjusted EBITDA	$	116,261		$	185,869		$	183,384

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
Domain	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	(3,211	)	$	(24,207	)	$	(11,560	)

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Interest expense, net ⁽¹⁾	2,226		2,001			9,118
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,586		(26,496		)	(1,400		)
Depreciation	3,023		3,639			3,795
Amortization of other intangible assets	6,150		5,610			3,028
Stock-based compensation	4,383		6,426			3,426
Restructuring expenses	220		1,098			644
Transaction expenses and charges	40		—			—
(Gain) loss of unconsolidated entities ⁽²⁾	—		—			—
Impairment of other long-lived assets	—		30,860			—
SEC investigations reserve	—		926			—
Shareholder litigation reserve	—		—			1,045
Adjusted EBITDA	$	15,417	$	(143	)	$	8,096


(1)	Interest expense includes impact of amortization of deferred financing costs, original issuance discounts and interest income. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, it also includes $6.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of deferred financing costs and original issuance discounts (OID) immediately expensed upon the refinancings of our term loan in 2017 and 2018.

(2)

For all years presented, (gain) loss of unconsolidated entities is reported on a net basis, which includes our proportionate share of net (income) losses from unconsolidated entities, any (gain) loss recorded when we acquired our controlling interest in these entities and any impairments related to these entities. The year ended December 31, 2016 includes an $11.4 million gain recorded upon our acquisition of a controlling interest in WZ (UK), Ltd., a loss of $4.8 million upon our acquisition of a controlling interest in AppMachine B.V. ("AppMachine"), and a loss of $4.7 million on the impairment of our 33% equity investment in Fortifico Limited.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 : Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA

Net income (loss) on a consolidated basis improved from a net loss of $99.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to net income of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This change was primarily due to improved net income (loss) from our email marketing, web presence and domain segments of $49.2 million, $42.4 million, and $12.6 million, respectively. These improvements in segment net loss were significantly impacted by changes in stock-based compensation, amortization expense, impairment charges, restructuring charges and cost of revenue, among other factors, as described more fully below. We expect net income for fiscal year 2019 to be relatively close to the amount earned in fiscal year 2018, since we anticipate that our continued investment in engineering and development will be largely offset by lower amortization of intangible assets.

Net loss for our web presence segment decreased from $65.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $22.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The decrease in net loss was primarily related to lower stock-based compensation of $30.6 million, lower amortization expense of $13.3 million, lower operating expenses of $10.4 million, lower cost of revenue costs of $7.8 million, lower restructuring charges of $7.0 million, lower income tax expense of $9.0 million, and lower depreciation expense of $4.7 million. These factors were partially offset by a $36.7 million decrease in revenue, and higher interest expense of $3.5 million.

Net income (loss) for our email marketing segment improved from a net loss of $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to a net income of $38.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This improvement was primarily related to reduced amortization expense of $21.4 million, reduced interest expense allocated to our email marketing segment of $18.6 million, increased revenue of $8.8 million, and other cost reductions, consisting mainly of lower restructuring costs and lower income tax expenses totaling $14.1 million. These increases in net income were partially offset by increased engineering and development expenses.

Net loss for our domain segment decreased from $24.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $11.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was primarily due to a reduction of $30.9 million in impairment charges related to both goodwill and long-lived assets which was incurred in the year ended December 31, 2017 and did not reoccur in the year ended December 31, 2018, and lower costs of revenue of $8.0 million, primarily related to lower domain registration costs. These cost decreases were partially offset by a reduction of the allocated income tax benefit of $25.1 million, and other net cost increases of $1.2 million.

Adjusted EBITDA on a consolidated basis decreased from $350.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $338.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease is primarily attributable to our web presence and email marketing segments, partially offset by an increase in our domain segment as described below. We expect a similar decrease in Adjusted EBITDA from fiscal year 2018 to fiscal year 2019, as we continue to invest in engineering and development.

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Adjusted EBITDA for our web presence segment decreased from $165.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $146.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was primarily due to a $36.7 million decline in revenue and to increased engineering and development expense of $3.6 million. This decrease was partially offset by an $8.1 million decrease in sales and marketing expense, which primarily consisted of reduced expenditures on non-strategic brands; lower cost of revenue of $7.8 million, primarily due to lower support costs and data center costs; and lower general and administrative expense of $5.9 million, primarily due to lower labor costs.

Adjusted EBITDA for our email marketing segment decreased from $185.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $183.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was primarily attributable to increased engineering and development costs of $9.7 million, primarily due to increased labor and higher sales and marketing costs of $3.9 million, primarily due to higher marketing program spend. This decrease was partially offset by $8.8 million of revenue growth (which includes the impact of price increases); lower general and administrative expense of $1.6 million; and lower cost of revenue of $0.8 million, primarily due to lower data center costs.

Adjusted EBITDA for our domain segment increased from loss of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to income of $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This increase was attributable to lower cost of revenue of $8.0 million, primarily due to lower domain registration costs and lower support costs; lower general and administrative expenses of $5.0 million, primarily due to labor costs; and lower sales and marketing related costs of $0.3 million, primarily related to changes in labor and program spend. This increase was partially offset by a $3.7 million decrease in revenue, most of which related to domain monetization, and higher engineering and development costs of $1.4 million, primarily due to increased labor costs.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 : Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA

Net loss on a consolidated basis increased from $81.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $99.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase in net loss was primarily due to an increased net loss from our web presence segment of $42.8 million and an increased net loss in our domain segment of $21.0 million. These increases in net loss were partially offset by a decrease in email marketing segment net loss of $45.3 million. Theses changes in segment net loss were significantly impacted by changes in income tax benefits, impairment charges, the SEC investigations reserve, and changes in stock-based compensation and restructuring charges, as described more fully below.

Net loss for our web presence segment increased from $22.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $65.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase in net loss was primarily related to a decrease in our income tax benefit of $83.0 million, higher restructuring charges of $7.5 million, a $6.7 million decrease in revenue, higher stock-based compensation of $5.2 million and an allocation of the SEC investigations reserve of $4.3 million in 2017. These factors were partially offset by lower acquisition transaction costs of $31.3 million and lower marketing expense of $31.4 million as we reduced spending on our gateway products.

Net loss for our email marketing segment decreased from $55.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The decrease was primarily related to lower costs as a result of the Constant Contact 2016 restructuring plan, including lower restructuring costs of $16.8 million, and the inclusion of Constant Contact for a full twelve months in fiscal year 2017.

Net loss for our domain segment increased from $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $24.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily due to $30.9 million of impairment charges related to both goodwill and long-lived assets, increased net loss of $7.4 million related to our international expansion efforts, lower revenue of $2.0 million mainly related to domain monetization, increased stock-based compensation expense of $2.0 million, and an allocation of the SEC investigations reserve of $0.9 million. These factors were partially offset by an increased income tax benefit of $29.1 million.

Adjusted EBITDA on a consolidated basis increased from $288.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $350.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Substantially all of this increase is attributable to our email marketing segment as described below.

Adjusted EBITDA for our web presence segment increased from $156.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $165.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was attributable to a $31.4 million decrease in sales and marketing expense, which primarily consisted of reduced expenditures on gateway products and other non-strategic brands. This was partially offset by a $6.7 million decline in revenue, increased engineering expense of $8.9 million, higher domain registration costs of $0.8 million and $3.9 million of costs to transition customer support formerly based in Utah to our Arizona customer support center, which we refer to as the "customer support consolidation."

Adjusted EBITDA for our email marketing segment increased from $116.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $185.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily attributable to $15.7 million of

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revenue growth (which includes the impact of price increases), the negative $15.2 million impact of the Constant Contact purchase adjustment in 2016, and the inclusion of Constant Contact results for the entire year in fiscal year 2017, which increased adjusted EBITDA by $7.9 million. The remainder of the increase related mostly to cost reduction actions implemented during fiscal year 2016.

Adjusted EBITDA for our domain segment decreased from income of $15.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to loss of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This decrease was attributable to a $2.0 million decrease in revenue, most of which related to domain monetization, combined with a $21.0 million increase in net loss related primarily to our international expansion efforts.

Free Cash Flow

For a discussion of free cash flow, see " Liquidity and Capital Resources. "

Components of Operating Results

Revenue

We generate revenue primarily from selling subscriptions for our cloud-based products and services. The subscriptions we offer are similar across all of our brands and are provided under contracts pursuant to which we have ongoing obligations to support the subscriber. These contracts are generally for service periods of up to 36 months and typically require payment in advance at the time of initiating the subscription for the entire subscription period. Typically, we also have arrangements in place to automatically renew a subscription at the end of the subscription period. Due to factors such as discounted introductory pricing, our renewal fees may be higher than our initial subscription. A majority of our web presence segment and domain segment subscriptions have terms of 24 months or less, while our email marketing segment sells subscriptions that are mostly one-month terms. We also earn revenue from the sale of domain name registrations, premium domains and non-term based products and services, such as certain online security products and professional technical services as well as through referral fees and commissions.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue includes costs of operating our subscriber support organization, fees we pay to register domain names for our subscribers, costs of operating our data center infrastructure, such as actual data center facility and network equipment costs and technical personnel costs associated with monitoring and maintaining our network operations, fees we pay to third-party product and service providers, and merchant fees we pay as part of our billing processes. We also allocate to cost of revenue the depreciation and amortization related to these activities and the intangible assets we have acquired, as well as a portion of our overhead costs attributable to our employees engaged in subscriber support activities. In addition, cost of revenue includes stock-based compensation expense for employees engaged in support and network operations. We generally expect cost of revenue to decrease as a percentage of revenue due to decreasing amortization expense on our intangible assets.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is the difference between revenue and cost of revenue. Gross profit has fluctuated from period to period in large part as a result of revenue and cost of revenue adjustments from purchase accounting impacts related to acquisitions, as well as revenue and cost of revenue impacts from growth in our business. With respect to revenue, the application of purchase accounting requires us to record purchase accounting adjustments for acquired deferred revenue, which reduces the revenue recorded from acquisitions for a period of time after the acquisition. The impact generally normalizes within a year following the acquisition. With respect to cost of revenue, the application of purchase accounting requires us to defer domain registration costs, which reduces cost of revenue, and record long-lived assets at fair value, which increases cost of revenue through an increase in amortization expense over the estimated useful life of the long-lived assets. For a new subscriber that we bring on to our platform, we typically recognize revenue over the term of the subscription, even though we collect the subscription fee at the initial billing. As a result, our gross profit may be affected by the prices we charge for our subscriptions, as well as by the number of new subscribers and the terms of their subscriptions. We expect our gross profit to increase in absolute dollars in future periods, and that our gross profit margin will also increase as amortization expense related to our intangible assets declines.

Operating Expense

We classify our operating expense into three categories: sales and marketing, engineering and development, and general and administrative. In 2016, we started breaking out transaction expense due to the significance of the costs incurred to acquire Constant Contact. In 2017, we started breaking out impairment of goodwill due to the significance of the charge incurred in our domain segment.

Sales and Marketing

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Sales and marketing expense primarily consists of costs associated with bounty payments to our network of online partners, SEM and SEO, general awareness and brand building activities, as well as the cost of employees engaged in sales and marketing activities. Sales and marketing expense also includes costs associated with sales of products as well as stock-based compensation expense for employees engaged in sales and marketing activities. Sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue may increase or decrease in a given period, depending on the cost of attracting new subscribers to our solutions, changes in how we invest in different subscriber acquisition channels, changes in how we approach SEM and SEO and the extent of general awareness and brand building activities we may undertake, as well as the efficiency of our sales and support personnel and our ability to sell more products and services to our subscribers and drive favorable returns on invested marketing dollars.

Engineering and Development

Engineering and development expense includes the cost of employees engaged in enhancing our technology platform and our systems, developing and expanding product and service offerings, and integrating technology capabilities from our acquisitions. Engineering and development expense includes stock-based compensation expense for employees engaged in engineering and development activities. Our engineering and development expense does not include costs of leasing and operating our data center infrastructure, such as technical personnel costs associated with monitoring and maintaining our network operations and fees we pay to third-party product and service providers, which are included in cost of revenue.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense includes the cost of employees engaged in corporate functions, such as finance and accounting, human resources, legal and executive management. General and administrative expense also includes all facility and related overhead costs not allocated to cost of revenue, as well as insurance premiums, professional service fees, and costs incurred related to regulatory and litigation matters. General and administrative expense also includes stock-based compensation expense for employees engaged in general and administrative activities.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists primarily of costs related to, and interest paid on, our indebtedness. We include in our calculation of interest expense the cash cost of interest payments and loan financing fees, the amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts and the amortization of the net present value adjustment which we may apply to some deferred consideration payments related to our acquisitions in our calculation of interest expense. Interest income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents balances.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

We estimate our income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between the assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and the financial statements that are prepared in accordance with tax regulations for the purpose of filing our income tax returns, using statutory tax rates. This methodology requires us to record a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reported periods. We base our estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from the estimates, judgments and assumptions made by our management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates, judgments and assumptions and our actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be affected.

Please see Note 2 of Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

We believe that the following significant accounting policies, which are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. We believe that our critical accounting policies and estimates are the assumptions and estimates associated with the following:

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•	revenue recognition,


•	goodwill,


•	long-lived assets,


•	business combinations,


•	derivative instruments,


•	depreciation and amortization,


•	income taxes,


•	stock-based compensation arrangements, and


•	segment information.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue primarily from selling subscriptions to our cloud-based products and services. The subscriptions we offer are similar across all of our brands and are provided under contracts pursuant to which we have ongoing obligations to support the subscriber. These contracts are generally for service periods of up to 36 months and typically require payment in advance. We recognize the associated revenue ratably over the service period, whether the associated revenue is derived from a direct subscriber or through a reseller. Deferred revenue represents the liability to subscribers for advance billings for services not yet provided and the fair value of the assumed liability outstanding for subscriber relationships purchased in an acquisition.

We sell domain name registrations that provide a subscriber with the exclusive use of a domain name. These domains are obtained either by one of our registrars on the subscriber’s behalf, or by us from third-party registrars on the subscriber’s behalf. Domain registration fees are non-refundable.

Revenue from the sale of a domain name registration by one of our registrars is recognized ratably over the subscriber’s service period as we have the obligation to provide support over the domain term. Revenue from the sale of a domain name registration purchased by us from a third-party registrar is recognized when the subscriber is billed on a gross basis as we have no remaining obligations once the sale to the subscriber occurs, and we have full discretion on the sales price and bear all credit risk.

Revenue from the sale of premium domains is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement to sell such domains exists and delivery of an authorization key to access the domain name has occurred. Premium domain names are paid for in advance prior to the delivery of the domain name.

We also earn revenue from the sale of non-term based products and services, such as online security products and professional technical services, referral fees and commissions. We recognize such revenue when the product is purchased, the service is provided or the referral fee or commission is earned.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

A considerable amount of the Company's revenue is generated from transactions that are contracts with customers that may include hosting plans, domain name registrations, and other cloud-based products and services. In these cases, the Company determines whether the products and services are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together. The Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, generally based on the price charged to customers. Hosting services, domain name registrations, and other cloud-based products and services have distinct performance obligations and are often sold separately. If the promise is not distinct and there is not a performance obligation, then the total transaction amount is allocated to the identified performance obligation based on a relative selling price hierarchy. When multiple performance obligations are included in a contract, the total transaction amount for the contract is allocated to the performance obligations based on a relative selling price hierarchy. The Company determines the relative selling price for a performance obligation based on a standalone selling price ("SSP"). The Company determines SSP by considering its observed standalone selling prices, competitive prices in the marketplace and management judgment; these standalone selling prices may vary depending upon the particular facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation. The Company analyzes the standalone selling prices used in its allocation of transaction amount, at a minimum, on a quarterly basis.

We maintain a reserve for refunds and chargebacks related to revenue that has been recognized and is expected to be refunded. We had a refund and chargeback reserve of $0.5 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , respectively. The portion of deferred revenue that is expected to be refunded at December 31, 2017 and 2018 was $1.8 million and $2.2 million , respectively. Based on refund history, approximately 83% of all refunds happen in the same fiscal month that the customer contract starts or renews, and approximately 95% of all refunds happen within 45 days of the contract start or renewal date.

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Goodwill

Goodwill relates to amounts that arose in connection with our various acquisitions and represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the identifiable intangible and tangible net assets when accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to periodic review for impairment. Events that would indicate impairment and trigger an interim impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, current economic and market conditions, a decline in the equity value of the business, a significant adverse change in certain agreements that would materially affect reported operating results, business climate or operational performance of the business and an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-08, or ASU 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Testing Goodwill for Impairment , we are required to review goodwill by reporting unit for impairment at least annually or more often if there are indicators of impairment present. Under U.S. GAAP, a reporting unit is either the equivalent of, or one level below, an operating segment. We have historically performed our annual goodwill test as of December 31 of each fiscal year. As a result of changes in our management structure during fiscal year 2017, including the change in our chief executive officer, we have revised our internal financial reporting structure, which has resulted in a change to our reporting units. We have identified a total of ten reporting units under our new structure. With the increase in reporting units, we determined that more time would be required to perform future goodwill impairment tests, and as a result, decided to accelerate our annual goodwill impairment test date to October 31 of each fiscal year, starting with the fiscal year 2017 test. We also early adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-04 in fiscal year 2017, which eliminates the second step of the goodwill impairment test. As a result, our goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2017 and all future goodwill impairment tests include only one step, which is a comparison of the carrying value of each reporting unit to its fair value, and any excess carrying value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit, is impaired.

Before testing goodwill at October 31, 2017, we allocated assets and liabilities to their respective reporting units. Goodwill was allocated to each reporting unit in accordance with ASC 350-20-40, which requires that goodwill be allocated based on the relative fair values of each reporting unit. After completing this valuation process, we allocated goodwill to seven reporting units. We did not allocate any goodwill to three smaller reporting units that were determined to have no material fair value.

The carrying value of each reporting unit is based on the assignment of the appropriate assets and liabilities to each reporting unit. Assets and liabilities were assigned to our reporting units if the assets or liabilities are employed in the operations of the reporting unit and the asset and liability is considered in the determination of the reporting unit fair value. Certain assets and liabilities are shared by multiple reporting units, and were allocated to each reporting unit based on the relative size of a reporting unit, primarily based on revenue.

Our goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2017 resulted in a $12.1 impairment of goodwill to our domain monetization reporting unit within our domain segment. The impairment was a direct result of a more rapid decline in domain parking revenue than originally expected, and to a lesser extent, reduced sales of premium domain names. Goodwill for this reporting unit has been completely impaired. Goodwill allocated to the other six reporting units was not impaired. As of the test date of October 31, 2018, the fair value for all reporting units was higher than their respective carrying values, and no impairment has been recorded. No triggering events were identified between the October 31, 2018 test and December 31, 2018.

We determine the fair value of each reporting unit by utilizing the income approach and market approach. For the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future after-tax cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk adjusted rate. We derive our discount rates using a capital asset pricing model and analyzing published rates for industries relevant to our reporting units to estimate the weighted average cost of capital. We use discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in our business and in our internally developed forecasts. For fiscal years 2017 and 2018, we used a discount rate of 10.0% for all but one of our reporting units. We also performed sensitivity analysis on our discount rates. We use our internal forecasts to estimate future after-tax cash flows and include an estimate of long-term future growth rates based on our view of long-term outlook for each reporting unit. Actual results may differ from those assumed in our forecasts. For the market approach, we use a valuation technique in which values are derived based on valuation multiples from comparable public companies, and a valuation multiple from sales of comparable companies.

For our fiscal year 2017 goodwill impairment analysis, we compared the fair value from the income approach to the market approach based on multiples of comparable public companies and noted no material variances in the valuation techniques. For our fiscal 2018 goodwill impairment analysis, we compared the fair value from the income approach to two market approaches, which included a valuation multiple of comparable public companies and a valuation multiple from sales of comparable companies. For three of our reporting units, which represent approximately 95% of our goodwill, the fair value derived from the income approach was consistent with the fair value derived from the two market approaches. We established fair value for these reporting units based on the average fair value from all three valuation approaches.

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For two of our reporting units, which represent approximately 3% of our goodwill, we based their fair value entirely upon the income approach, as these two reporting units are experiencing declining cash flows and are expected to continue to experience declines over time. The fair values from the income approach for these two reporting units were materially below the fair values derived from both market approaches. The goodwill allocated to these two reporting units is approximately $64.2 million as of December 31, 2018. Although we do not expect an impairment of goodwill for these two reporting units in the near term, we do expect that cash flows will continue to decline which could result in goodwill impairment charges for these two reporting units at some point in the future.

For one of our reporting units, which represents approximately 2% of our goodwill, the fair values derived from the market approaches were much lower than the income approach using a discount rate of 10%. We determined that more risk was present in the projected future cash flows of this reporting unit as compared to our other reporting units, and determined that a discount rate of 17% was appropriate. The fair value of this reporting unit under the income approach at a discount rate of 17% was consistent with the fair values determined under the two market approaches. We established fair value for this reporting unit based on the average fair value from all three valuation approaches.

Goodwill as of December 31, 2018 is $1,849.1 million . The carrying value of goodwill that was allocated to the domain, email marketing and web presence reporting segments was $29.9 million , $604.3 million and $1,214.9 million , respectively.

Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist primarily of intangible assets, including acquired subscriber relationships, trade names, intellectual property, developed technology, domain names available for sale and in-process research and development ("IPR&D"). We also have long-lived tangible assets, primarily consisting of property and equipment. The majority of our intangible assets have been recorded in connection with our acquisitions, including the acquisition of a controlling interest in our company by investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus and Goldman, Sachs & Co, which we refer to as the Sponsor Acquisition. We record intangible assets at fair value at the time of their acquisition. We amortize intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.

Our determination of the estimated useful lives of the individual categories of intangible assets is based on the nature of the applicable intangible asset and the expected future cash flow to be derived from the intangible asset. We amortize intangible assets with finite lives in accordance with their estimated projected cash flows.

We evaluate long-lived intangible and tangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present and undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount, then we determine the fair value of the assets and compare it to the carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, then we reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value and record an impairment loss in the period it is identified.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we determined that a portion of an internally developed software tool would not meet our needs following the acquisition of Constant Contact, resulting in an impairment charge of $2.0 million which was recorded in engineering and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in our web presence segment.

Additionally, we recognized an impairment charge of $4.9 million for technology assets related to Webzai Ltd, or Webzai, which was recorded in engineering and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in our web presence segment.

Indefinite life intangibles include domain names that are available for sale which are recorded at cost to acquire. These assets are not being amortized and are being tested for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. When a domain name is sold, we record the cost of the domain in cost of revenue.

Acquired IPR&D represents the fair value assigned to research and development that we acquire that has not been completed at the date of acquisition. Acquired IPR&D is capitalized as an intangible asset and reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine future use. Any impairment loss of acquired IPR&D is charged to expense in the period the impairment is identified. Upon commercialization, the acquired fair value of the IPR&D will be reclassified to developed technology and amortized over its useful life.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred total charges of $2.2 million to impair certain acquired IPR&D relating to projects that were abandoned in favor of other projects. This consisted of a charge of $1.4 million and $0.8 million to impair certain acquired IPR&D projects from the Webzai and AppMachine acquisitions, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized an impairment charge of $13.8 million relating to certain domain name intangible assets acquired in 2014, as the intangible assets were producing diminished cash flows. In addition, we

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recognized an impairment charge of $4.9 million primarily relating to developed technology and customer relationships associated with our acquisition of the Directi web presence business in 2014. This impairment also resulted from diminished cash flows associated with these intangible assets.

We did not recognize any impairments of long-lived intangible and tangible assets in the year ended December 31, 2018.

Derivative Instruments

Accounting Standards Codification 815, or ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain our objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

As required by ASC 815, we record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. We may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of our risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or we elect not to apply hedge accounting.

In accordance with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-04, or ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), we made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of our derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

Business Combinations

We account for business acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting, in accordance with which assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the acquisition date. The fair value of the consideration paid, including contingent consideration, is assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. Goodwill represents excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Significant judgments are used in determining fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as intangibles and their estimated useful lives. Fair value and useful life determinations are based on, among other factors, estimates of future expected cash flows, royalty cost savings and appropriate discount rates used in computing present values. These judgments may materially impact the estimates used in allocating acquisition date fair values to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as our current and future operating results. Actual results may vary from these estimates which may result in adjustments to goodwill and acquisition date fair values of assets and liabilities during a measurement period or upon a final determination of asset and liability fair values, whichever occurs first. Adjustments to fair values of assets and liabilities made after the end of the measurement period are recorded within our operating results.

Changes in the fair value of a contingent consideration resulting from a change in the underlying inputs are recognized in results of operations until the arrangement is settled.

Depreciation and Amortization

We purchase or build the servers we place in our data centers, one of which we own and the remainder of which we occupy pursuant to various lease or co-location arrangements. We also purchase the computer equipment that is used by our support and sales teams and employees in our offices. We capitalize the build-out of our facilities as leasehold improvements. Cost of revenue includes depreciation on data center equipment and support infrastructure. We include depreciation in general and administrative expense, which includes depreciation on office equipment and leasehold improvements.

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Amortization expense consists of expense related to the amortization of intangible long-lived assets. In connection with our acquisitions, we allocate fair value to acquired long-lived intangible assets, which include subscriber relationships, trade names and developed technology. We use estimates and valuation techniques to determine the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and amortize them to cost of revenue.

Income Taxes

We provide for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 740, or ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes . We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that we expect to apply to taxable income in the years in which we expect those temporary differences to be recovered or settled. We recognize the effect of changes in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the period that includes the enactment date.

ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. We measure recognized income tax positions at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We reflect changes in recognition or measurement in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. There were no unrecognized tax benefits in the year ended December 31, 2016. We recorded unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions of $1.1 million and $4.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , respectively.

We record interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expense. We recognized no interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company recognized immaterial interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017,

In 2016, a significant amount of our GAAP foreign losses were generated by our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, U.A.E. and Israel. The foreign rate differential in 2016 predominantly related to these jurisdictions. Our foreign rate differential in 2016 had a negative impact on our expected tax expense since the majority of the foreign losses are generated in jurisdictions where the statutory tax rate is lower than the U.S. statutory rate – specifically the United Kingdom, which has a statutory tax rate of 18% and represents $43.8 million of our foreign losses, the U.A.E., which has a statutory tax rate of 0% and represents $2.1 million of our foreign losses, and Israel, which had a statutory tax rate of 25% and represents $8.3 million of our foreign losses.

In 2017, a significant amount of our GAAP foreign losses were generated by our subsidiaries in India and the Netherlands. The foreign rate differential in 2017 predominantly related to our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom. Our foreign rate differential in 2017 had a positive impact on our expected tax expense since the majority of the foreign income is generated in jurisdictions where the statutory tax rate is lower than the U.S. statutory rate - specifically the United Kingdom, which has a statutory tax rate of 18% and the Netherlands that has a statutory rate of 25%.

In 2018, our GAAP foreign losses were generated by our subsidiaries in India and China. The foreign rate differential in 2018 predominantly related to our subsidiary in Brazil. Our foreign rate differential in 2018 had a negative impact on our expected tax expense since the majority of the foreign income is generated in jurisdictions where the statutory tax rate is higher than the U.S. statutory rate - specifically Brazil, which has a statutory tax rate of 34%.

We describe our accounting treatment of taxes more fully in Note 15 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Stock-Based Compensation Arrangements

Accounting Standards Codification 718, or ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, requires employee stock-based payments to be accounted for under the fair value method. Under this method, we are required to record compensation cost based on the estimated fair value for stock-based awards granted over the requisite service periods for the individual awards, which generally equals the vesting periods. We use the straight-line amortization method for recognizing stock-based compensation expense.

We estimate the fair value of employee stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of highly subjective estimates and assumptions. For restricted stock awards granted by us we estimate

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the fair value of each restricted stock award based on the closing trading price of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant. There was no public market for our common stock prior to October 25, 2013, the date our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, and as a result, the trading history of our common stock was limited through December 31, 2018. Therefore, we determined the volatility for options granted by us based on an analysis of reported data for a peer group of companies that issued options with substantially similar terms. The expected volatility of options granted by us has been determined using a blended average of the historical volatility measures of this peer group of companies and of the historical volatility measures of our stock. The expected life assumption is based on the “simplified method” for estimating expected term as we do not have sufficient historical option exercises to support a reasonable estimate of the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is based on a treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. We use an expected dividend rate of zero as we currently have no history or expectation of paying dividends on our common stock.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . The guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification of excess tax benefits in the consolidated statements of cash flows. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted.

We elected to early adopt the new guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016 which required us to reflect any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that included the interim period of adoption. We elected to eliminate the forfeiture rate estimate and adopted the new policy to account for forfeitures in the period that they are incurred, and applied this policy on a modified retrospective basis. The impact of eliminating the forfeiture rate estimate increased stock compensation expense recorded in 2016 by $0.9 million , which included an immaterial adjustment to beginning retained earnings that we recorded through the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Prior to January 1, 2016, we recognized the excess tax benefits of stock-based compensation expense as additional paid-in capital (“APIC”), and tax deficiencies of stock-based compensation expense in the income tax provision or as APIC to the extent that there were sufficient recognized excess tax benefits previously recognized. As a result of the prior guidance that excess tax benefits reduce taxes payable prior to being recognized as an increase in paid in capital, we had not recognized certain deferred tax assets (all tax attributes such as loss or credit carryforwards) that could be attributed to tax deductions related to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting.

Effective as of January 1, 2016, we early adopted a change in accounting policy in accordance with ASU 2016-09 to account for excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit, treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, and to recognize previously unrecognized deferred tax assets that arose directly from (or the use of which was postponed by) tax deductions related to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting. No prior periods were restated as a result of this change in accounting policy as we previously maintained a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets that could be attributed to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting.

Due to our net shortfall position at the time of adoption, the new standard resulted in the recognition of income tax expense in our provision for income taxes of $0.9 million rather than paid-in capital for the year ended December 31, 2016. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 could create volatility in our future effective tax rate.

Segment Information

From the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016 through the third quarter of fiscal year 2017, we had two reportable segments, web presence and email marketing. We have experienced significant changes in our management structure during fiscal year 2017, including a change in our chief executive officer. Our leadership structure has been revised to centralize management of certain domain-leading brands in order to improve overall performance. As a result of these management changes, we have revised our internal financial reporting structure, and broken our former web presence segment into two reportable segments, web presence and domain. Our third reportable segment, email marketing, remains unchanged.

The products and services included in our three reportable segments are as follows:

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Email Marketing . Our email marketing segment consists of Constant Contact email marketing tools and related products and our SinglePlatform digital storefront solution.

Our segments share certain resources, primarily related to sales and marketing, engineering and general and administrative functions. We allocate these costs to each respective segment based on a consistently applied methodology.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	1,111,142		$	1,176,867		$	1,145,291
Cost of revenue	583,991			603,930			520,737
Gross profit	527,151			572,937			624,554
Operating expense:
Sales and marketing	303,511			277,460			265,424
Engineering and development	87,601			78,772			87,980
General and administrative	143,095			163,972			124,204
Impairment of goodwill	—			12,129			—
Transaction expenses	32,284			773			—
Total operating expense	566,491			533,106			477,608
(Loss) income from operations	(39,340		)	39,831			146,946
Other income (expense)	(150,450		)	(157,006		)	(148,391		)
Loss before income taxes and equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	(189,790		)	(117,175		)	(1,445		)
Income tax benefit	(109,858		)	(17,281		)	(6,246		)
(Loss) income before equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	(79,932		)	(99,894		)	4,801
Equity loss (income) of unconsolidated entities, net of tax	1,297			(110		)	267
Net (loss) income	$	(81,229	)	$	(99,784	)	$	4,534
Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest	(8,398		)	7,524			—
Net (loss) income attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	(72,831	)	$	(107,308	)	$	4,534

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2018

Revenue



	Year Ended December 31,				Change
	2017		2018		Amount			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	1,176,867	$	1,145,291	$	(31,576	)	(3	)%

Revenue decreased by $31.6 million , or 3% , from $1,176.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $1,145.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease is attributable to a $36.7 million decrease in revenue from our web presence segment and a $3.7 million decrease in revenue from our domain segment, partially offset by increased revenue of $8.8 million from our email marketing segment.

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Our revenue is generated primarily from products and services delivered on a subscription basis, which include web hosting, domains, website builders, search engine marketing, email marketing and other similar services. We also generate non-subscription revenue through domain monetization and marketing development funds. Non-subscription revenue decreased from $39.4 million , or 3% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $35.1 million , or 3% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The majority of our non-subscription revenue is included in our domain segment.

Our web presence segment revenue decreased by $36.7 million , or 6% , from $642.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $605.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was primarily attributable to a decline in revenue from non-strategic brands.

Our email marketing segment revenue increased by $8.8 million , or 2% , from $401.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $410.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This increase was mostly attributable to price increases, and to a lesser extent, growth in services delivered to existing customers.

Our domain segment revenue decreased by $3.7 million , or 3% , from $133.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $129.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 , which was caused in part by a reduction in non-subscriber revenues, mainly domain monetization revenue, of $1.9 million, with the balance of the decrease related to declines in subscription based revenues.

Cost of Revenue



	Year Ended December 31,
	2017				2018				Change
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Amount			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	603,930	51	%	$	520,737	45	%	$	(83,193	)	(14	)%

Cost of revenue decreased by $83.2 million , or 14% , from $603.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $520.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was due to decreased cost of revenue across our three segments, as further discussed below, including the impact of an $18.7 million impairment charge incurred in our domain segment in fiscal 2017. We expect cost of revenue to decline slightly in fiscal year 2019 as compared to fiscal year 2018, as we anticipate that our amortization expense will decrease by approximately $20.0 million.

Our cost of revenue contains a significant portion of non-cash expenses, in particular amortization expense for the intangible assets we have acquired through our acquisitions. The following table sets forth the significant non-cash components of cost of revenue.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2018
	(in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	140,354	$	103,148
Depreciation expense	46,235		42,548
Stock-based compensation expense	6,135		3,823

Cost of revenue for our web presence segment decreased by $28.7 million , or 9% , from $336.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $307.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The decrease was primarily the result of lower amortization expense of $13.3 million and lower stock-based compensation expense of $3.3 million. The balance of the decrease was mostly related to lower customer support and data center costs as we further consolidated our operations in these areas.

Cost of revenue for our email marketing segment decreased by $24.3 million , or 17% , from $146.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $122.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The decrease was primarily attributable to lower amortization expense of $21.4 million.

Cost of revenue for our domain segment decreased by $30.2 million , or 25% , from $121.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $91.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The decrease was mostly due to an impairment

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charge of $18.7 million recorded in fiscal year 2017, which was related primarily to domain monetization intangible assets, and reduced amortization expense of $2.6 million. The balance of the decrease was primarily related to reduced domain registration costs, as we discontinued certain low priced product offerings.

Gross Profit



	Year Ended December 31,
	2017				2018				Change
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Gross profit	$	572,937	49	%	$	624,554	55	%	$	51,617	9	%

Gross profit increased by $51.6 million , or 9% , from $572.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $624.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This increase was primarily due to a $33.1 million increase in the gross profit contribution from our email marketing segment, and a $26.5 million increase in the gross profit contribution from our domain segment, partially offset by an $8.0 million decrease in the gross profit contribution from our web presence segment. Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased by 6 percentage points from 49% for the year ended December 31, 2017 to 55% for the year ended December 31, 2018 , mainly due to the performance of our email marketing segment.

The following table sets forth gross profit and the significant non-cash components of cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2018
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	1,176,867		$	1,145,291
Gross profit	572,937			624,554
Gross profit % of revenue	49		%	55		%
Amortization expense % of revenue	12		%	9		%
Depreciation expense % of revenue	4		%	4		%
Stock-based compensation expense % of revenue	*			*



*	Less than 1%.

Our web presence segment gross profit decreased by $8.0 million , or 3% , from $305.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $297.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The decrease was primarily due to the reduction in revenue of $36.7 million discussed above, which was partially offset by the lower cost of revenue discussed above. Our web presence segment gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 49% for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 48% in the prior year.

Our email marketing segment gross profit increased by $33.1 million , or 13% , from $254.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $288.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This increase was primarily due to reduced cost of revenue of $24.3 million and increased revenue of $8.8 million, as described above. Our email marketing segment gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 70% for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 64% in the prior year.

Our domain segment gross profit increased by $26.5 million , or 214% , from $12.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This increase was primarily due to the reductions in cost of revenue described above. Our domain segment gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 30% for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 9% in the prior year.

Operating Expense

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	Year Ended December 31,
	2017				2018				Change
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Amount			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	277,460	24	%	$	265,424	23	%	$	(12,036	)	(4	)%
Engineering and development	78,772		7	%	87,980		8	%	9,208			12	%
General and administrative	163,972		14	%	124,204		11	%	(39,768		)	(24	)%
Impairment of goodwill	12,129		1	%	—		—	%	(12,129		)	(100	)%
Transaction expenses	773		—	%	—		—	%	(773		)	(100	)%
Total	$	533,106	46	%	$	477,608	42	%	$	(55,498	)	(10	)%

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expense decreased by $12.0 million , or 4% , from $277.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $265.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Of this decrease, $13.0 million was due to lower marketing expense in our web presence segment, primarily due to decreased marketing investments in non-strategic brands, partially offset by an increase of $1.1 million in our email marketing segment.

Sales and marketing expense for our web presence segment decreased by $13.0 million , or 8% , from $160.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $147.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was primarily attributable to reduced expense on non-strategic brands, which was partially offset by increased investments in key hosting brands.

Sales and marketing expense for our email marketing segment increased by $1.1 million , or 1% , from $96.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $97.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The increase, which is net of a $1.9 million decrease in restructuring charges, is primarily due to investments in brand building activities.

Sales and marketing expense for our domain segment decreased by $0.1 million , or 0% , from $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was primarily attributable to lower labor costs of $1.4 million, partially offset by increased marketing program spend of $1.1 million and higher stock-based expense of $0.2 million.

Engineering and Development. Engineering and development expense increased by $9.2 million , or 12% , from $78.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $88.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Of this increase, $7.9 million and $1.5 million were due to increased engineering and development expense for our email marketing and domain segments, respectively, partially offset by slightly reduced expense for our web presence segment. For fiscal year 2019, we expect to continue to make investments in our engineering and development organization in order to further enhance our products.

Engineering and development expense for our web presence segment decreased by $0.2 million , or 0% , from $39.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $39.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease was primarily attributable to lower depreciation and stock-based compensation expense of $3.4 million. These cost decreases were almost completely offset by growth in engineering resources aimed at enhancing our products.

Engineering and development expense for our email marketing segment increased by $7.9 million , or 23% , from $33.4 million for the period ended December 31, 2017 to $41.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This increase was primarily attributable to increases in engineering resources aimed at enhancing our products.

Engineering and development expense for our domain segment increased by approximately $1.5 million , or 25% , from $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This increase was primarily attributable to increases in engineering resources aimed at enhancing our products.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expense decreased by $39.8 million , or 24% , from $164.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $124.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of consolidated corporate wide support functions, and the costs of these functions are allocated between our three segments primarily based on relative revenues. The decrease in consolidated general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to reductions in stock-based compensation, labor, and restructuring costs of $23.8 million, $12.6 million, and $4.4 million, respectively, and changes in our shareholder litigation reserve charges of $0.7 million.

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General and administrative expense for our web presence segment decreased by $31.5 million , or 32% , from $98.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $67.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . General and administrative expense for our email marketing segment decreased by $0.7 million , or 2% , from $42.5 million for the period ended December 31, 2017 to $41.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . General and administrative expense for our domain segment decreased by $7.6 million , or 33% , from $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $15.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 .

Transaction Expenses. Transaction expense decreased by $0.8 million , or 100% , from $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $0.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The year-over-year decrease was attributable to the lack of merger and acquisitions activity in 2018.

Impairment of Goodwill. We recorded an impairment of goodwill of $12.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 , which was entirely attributable to the domain monetization reporting unit within our domain segment. The impairment was the result of a more rapid decline in domain parking revenue than originally anticipated, and to a lesser extent, a decrease in premium domain name sales. No such impairment recurred in fiscal 2018.

Other Income (Expense), Net



	Year Ended December 31,						Change
	2017			2018			Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Other expense, net	$	(157,006	)	$	(148,391	)	$	8,615	(5	)%

Other expense, net decreased by $8.6 million , or 5% , from $157.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $148.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The decrease primarily consists of a lower amount of immediately expensed deferred financing costs of $4.3 million and a lower loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.7 million for our 2018 term loan refinancing when compared to our 2017 term loan refinancing, with the balance of the decrease mainly due to lower average debt balances.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)



	Year Ended December 31,						Change
	2017			2018			Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax benefit	$	(17,281	)	$	(6,246	)	$	11,035	(64	)%

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , we recognized an income tax benefit of $17.3 million and $6.2 million , respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to $21.8 million in federal and state deferred tax benefit (which includes a $16.9 million tax benefit pertaining to the federal tax rate change as a result of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 and the identification and recognition of $1.2 million of U.S. federal and state tax credits) and a foreign deferred tax benefit of $1.0 million, offset by a provision for federal and state current income taxes of $2.9 million, and foreign current tax expense of $2.6 million. This aggregate tax benefit of $17.3 million is inclusive of $1.8 million of reserves provided for unrecognized tax benefits.

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily attributable to $9.6 million of a federal and state deferred tax benefit, a foreign deferred tax benefit of $0.8 million, and a federal and state current income taxes benefit of $1.3 million, partially offset by foreign current tax expense of $5.4 million. This aggregate tax benefit of $10.4 million is inclusive of $2.2 million of reserves provided for unrecognized tax benefits.

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2017

Revenue



	Year Ended December 31,				Change
	2016		2017		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	1,111,142	$	1,176,867	$	65,725	6	%

Revenue increased by $65.7 million , or 6% , from $1,111.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $1,176.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Almost all of this increase, or $74.4 million, is attributable to increased revenue from our email marketing segment, partially offset by slight declines in revenue from our web presence and domain segments.

Our revenue is generated primarily from our products and services delivered on a subscription basis, which include web hosting, domains, website builders, search engine marketing and other similar services. We also generate non-subscription revenue through premium domain sales and domain parking (which we refer to as domain monetization) and marketing development funds. Non-subscription revenue declined from $41.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $39.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , and represented 4% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016 , and 3% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 .

Our web presence segment revenue decreased by $6.7 million , or 1% , from $648.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $642.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This decrease was primarily attributable to a decline in revenue from non-strategic brands.

Our email marketing segment revenue increased by $74.4 million , or 23% , from $326.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $401.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily due to the inclusion of Constant Contact revenue for an entire year in fiscal 2017, which increased revenue by $41.1 million, and to the negative $15.2 million impact of the Constant Contact purchase adjustment during 2016. Excluding these factors, revenue from our email marketing segment grew by approximately $18.1 million, which related to price increases and to a lesser extent, growth in services delivered to existing customers.

Our domain segment revenue decreased by $2.0 million , or 1% , from $135.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $133.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , primarily due to a reduction in domain monetization revenue.

Cost of Revenue



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2017				Change
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	583,991	53	%	$	603,930	51	%	$	19,939	3	%

Cost of revenue increased by $19.9 million , or 3% , from $584.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $603.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily due to an $18.7 million impairment charge incurred in our domain segment and, to a lesser extent, to increased cost of revenue in our web presence segment. These factors were partially offset by decreased cost of revenue in our email marketing segment.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016	2017
	(in thousands)
Amortization expense	143,562	$	140,354
Depreciation expense	48,120	46,235
Stock-based compensation expense	5,855	6,135

Cost of revenue for our web presence segment decreased by $0.3 million , or 0% , from $336.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $336.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The decrease was due to lower amortization

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expense of $12.5 million. The offsets to this increase were primarily increased support costs to restructure and consolidate domestic customer support locations.

Cost of revenue for our email marketing segment decreased by $7.3 million , or 5% , from $153.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $146.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The decrease was attributable to approximately $14.4 million in cost savings as a result of the Constant Contact 2016 restructuring plan, decreased restructuring charges of $6.9 million and lower depreciation expense of $5.4 million, partially offset by higher amortization expense of $9.8 million and other net cost increases of $9.6 million, most of which were attributable to the inclusion of a full year of Constant Contact operations during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Cost of revenue for our domain segment increased by $27.5 million , or 29% , from $93.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $121.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase was primarily due to an impairment charge of $18.7 million due to diminished cash flows from intangible assets, primarily domain monetization related assets, increased domain registration costs of $4.0 million, with the balance of the increase related to increased support and data center costs for our international expansion efforts.

Gross Profit



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2017				Change
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Gross profit	$	527,151	47	%	$	572,937	49	%	$	45,786	9	%

Gross profit increased by $45.8 million , or 9% , from $527.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $572.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily due to increased gross profit from our email marketing segment, which was partially offset by decreases in gross profit from our web presence and domain segments. Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased by 2 percentage points from 47% for the year ended December 31, 2016 to 49% for the year ended December 31, 2017 , mainly due to the performance of our email marketing segment.

The following table sets forth gross profit and the significant non-cash components of cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	1,111,142		$	1,176,867
Gross profit	527,151			572,937
Gross profit % of revenue	47		%	49		%
Amortization expense % of revenue	13		%	12		%
Depreciation expense % of revenue	4		%	4		%
Stock-based compensation expense % of revenue	*			*



*	Less than 1%.

Our web presence segment gross profit decreased by $6.5 million , or 2% , from $312.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $305.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in revenue discussed above.

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Our email marketing segment gross profit increased by $81.7 million, or 47% , from $173.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $254.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily due to the $74.4 million increase in revenue discussed above, and to a lesser extent, the $7.3 million reduction in cost of revenue discussed above.

Our domain segment gross profit decreased by $29.5 million , or 70% , from $41.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $12.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This reduction was primarily due to the impairment charge of $18.7 million and other cost of revenue increases described above.

Operating Expense



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2017				Change
	Amount		% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Amount			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	303,511	27	%	$	277,460	24	%	$	(26,051	)	(9	)%
Engineering and development	87,601		8	%	78,772		7	%	(8,829		)	(10	)%
General and administrative	143,095		13	%	163,972		14	%	20,877			15	%
Impairment of goodwill	—		—	%	12,129		1	%	12,129			NA
Transaction expenses	32,284		3	%	773		—	%	(31,511		)	(98	)%
Total	$	566,491	51	%	$	533,106	45	%	$	(33,385	)	(6	)%

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expense decreased by $26.1 million , or 9% , from $303.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $277.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Of this decrease, $31.9 million was due to lower marketing expense in our web presence segment, primarily due to decreased marketing investments in gateway products, partially offset by an increase of $3.9 million and $1.7 million in our domain segment and email marketing segment, respectively.

Sales and marketing expense for our web presence segment decreased by $31.9 million , or 17% , from $192.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $160.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This decrease was primarily attributable to reduced expense on gateway products, which was partially offset by increased investments in key hosting brands.

Sales and marketing expense for our email marketing segment increased by $1.7 million , or 2% , from $95.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $96.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase in the marketing expense for this segment was primarily attributable to an increase of $16.4 million due to the inclusion of Constant Contact for the entire year during fiscal year 2017. This increase was partially offset by decreases of an aggregate of $8.3 million in depreciation, stock-based compensation, and restructuring expense, as well as $6.5 million in cost reductions resulting from the Constant Contact 2016 restructuring plan.

Sales and marketing expense for our domain segment increased by $4.2 million , or 27% , from $15.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily attributable to expansion of our international operations.

Engineering and Development. Engineering and development expense decreased by $8.8 million , or 10% , from $87.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $78.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Of this decrease, $13.5 million was due to decreased engineering and development expense for our email marketing segment, partially offset by increased expense for our web presence and domain segments.

Engineering and development expense for our web presence segment increased by $1.9 million , or 5% , from $37.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $39.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily attributable to a shift in engineering resources from our email marketing segment to our web presence segment, and is net of $9.0 million of impairment charges in 2016 that did not recur in 2017.

Engineering and development expense for our email marketing segment decreased by $13.5 million , or 29% , from $46.9 million for the period ended December 31, 2016 to $33.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This decrease was primarily attributable to cost reductions and engineering resource shifts from our email marketing segment to our web presence segment, which together accounted for $14.8 million of the decrease. Additionally, restructuring charges declined by $3.5

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million and depreciation declined by $2.1 million. These cost decreases were partially offset by the inclusion of Constant Contact for the entire year for fiscal year 2017.

Engineering and development expense for our domain segment increased by $2.7 million , or 80% , from $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase was primarily attributable to our international expansion efforts during 2017.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expense increased by $20.9 million , or 15% , from $143.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $164.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was primarily attributable to the SEC investigations reserve of $8.0 million, increased restructuring costs of $6.1 million and an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $4.2 million. Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of consolidated corporate wide support functions, and the costs of these functions are allocated between our three segments primarily based on relative revenues.

General and administrative expense for our web presence segment increased by $14.7 million , or 18% , from $83.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $98.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . General and administrative expense for our email marketing segment increased by $4.4 million , or 12% , from $38.1 million for the period ended December 31, 2016 to $42.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . General and administrative expense for our domain segment increased by $1.7 million , or 8% , from $21.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 .

Transaction Expenses. Transaction expense decreased by $31.5 million , or 98% , from $32.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The year-over-year decrease was primarily attributable to costs related to our acquisition of Constant Contact in February 2016.

Other Income (Expense), Net



	Year Ended December 31,						Change
	2016			2017			Amount			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Other expense, net	$	(150,450	)	$	(157,006	)	$	(6,556	)	4	%

Other expense, net increased by $6.6 million , or 4% , from $150.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $157.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The increase primarily consists of immediately expensed deferred financing costs of $5.5 million and a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.0 million , both arising from our 2017 term loan refinancing.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)



	Year Ended December 31,						Change
	2016			2017			Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax benefit	$	(109,858	)	$	(17,281	)	$	92,577	(84	)%

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 , we recognized an income tax benefit of $109.9 million and $17.3 million , respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

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foreign current tax expense of $2.6 million. This aggregate tax benefit of $17.3 million is inclusive of a reserve of $1.8 million for unrecognized tax benefits.

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to a $52.5 million change in the valuation allowance, a federal and state deferred tax benefit of $50.7 million (which includes the identification and recognition of $9.2 million of U.S. federal and state tax credits), and a foreign deferred tax benefit of $10.0 million , partially offset by a provision for federal and state current income taxes of $1.1 million and foreign current tax expense of $2.3 million . The deferred tax benefits recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016 were primarily attributable to the acquisition of Constant Contact, which resulted in the recognition of a significant amount of deferred tax liabilities which offset previously recorded deferred tax assets for a which a valuation allowance was previously provided.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

We have funded our operations since inception primarily with cash flow generated by operations, borrowings under our credit facilities and public offerings of our securities.

In November 2013, we entered into a $1,050.0 million first lien term loan facility and a $125.0 million revolving credit facility. On February 9, 2016, in connection with our acquisition of Constant Contact and the related financing of that transaction, we entered into a $735.0 million incremental first lien term loan facility and a new $165.0 million revolving credit facility, which replaced our previous revolving credit facility and which we refer to as the "2016 Revolver", and our wholly owned subsidiary, EIG Investors, issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 10.875% senior notes due 2024, or the "Senior Notes". On June 14, 2017, we refinanced our then-outstanding term loans and replaced them with a new $1,697.3 million first lien term loan facility, which we refer to as the “2017 Term Loan”. On June 20, 2018, we refinanced the 2017 Term Loan and replaced it with a new $1,580.3 million first lien term loan facility, which we refer to as the "2018 Term Loan", and we also extended the maturity of $106.2 million of the 2016 Revolver.

We refer to the 2018 Term Loan (or prior to June 20, 2018, the 2017 Term Loan) and the 2016 Revolver together as the "Senior Credit Facilities."

2018 First Lien Term Loan Facility. The 2018 Term Loan was issued at par and has a maturity date of February 9, 2023. The 2018 Term Loan automatically bears interest at an alternate base rate unless we give notice to opt for the LIBOR-based interest rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate for the 2018 Term Loan is 3.75% per annum plus the greater of an adjusted LIBOR and 1.00%. The alternate base rate for the 2018 Term Loan is 2.75% per annum plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, an adjusted LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, and 2.00%. The 2018 Term Loan requires quarterly mandatory repayments of principal. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , we made three mandatory repayments of $7.9 million each, and three voluntary prepayments for a total of $51.6 million in voluntary prepayments following the refinancing of the 2017 Term Loan.

2017 First Lien Term Loan Facility . The 2017 Term Loan was issued at a price of 99.75% of par and had a maturity date of February 9, 2023. The 2017 Term Loan automatically bore interest at an alternate base rate unless we gave notice to opt for the LIBOR-based interest rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate for the 2017 Term Loan was 4.00% per annum plus the greater of an adjusted LIBOR and 1.00%. The alternate base rate for the 2017 Term Loan was 3.00% per annum plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, an adjusted LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, and 2.00%. The 2017 Term Loan required quarterly mandatory repayments of principal. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , we made one mandatory repayment of $8.5 million and one voluntary prepayment of $17.0 million prior to the refinancing of the 2017 Term Loan.

Revolving Credit Facility. The 2016 Revolver consists of a non-extended tranche of approximately $58.8 million and an extended tranche of approximately $106.2 million. The non-extended tranche has a maturity date of February 9, 2021. The extended tranche has a maturity date of June 20, 2023, with a "springing" maturity date of November 10, 2022 if the 2018 Term Loan has not been repaid in full or otherwise extended to September 19, 2023 or later prior to November 10, 2022. We have the ability to draw down against the 2016 Revolver using a LIBOR-based interest rate or an alternate base rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate for a non-extended revolving loan is 4.00% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) and for an extended revolving loan is 3.25% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down), in each case plus an adjusted LIBOR for a selected interest period. The alternate base rate for a non-extended revolving loan is 3.00% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) and for an extended revolving loan is 2.25% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down), in each case plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and an adjusted LIBOR or a one-month interest period plus 1.00%. We are also required to pay a commitment fee of 0.50% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) to the lenders based on the average daily unused principal amount of the 2016 Revolver.

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Senior Notes. The Senior Notes were issued at a price of 98.065% of par and have a maturity date of February 1, 2024. The Senior Notes bear interest at the rate of 10.875% per annum. We have the right to redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at any time for a premium which is based on the applicable redemption date. On January 30, 2017, we completed a registered exchange offer for the Senior Notes, as required under the registration rights agreement we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Senior Notes. All of the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes was validly tendered for exchange as part of this exchange offer. The registration rights agreement also obligated us to use reasonable efforts to cause to become effective a registration statement providing for the registration of certain secondary transactions in the Senior Notes by Goldman, Sachs & Co. and its affiliates. This registration statement became effective on December 29, 2016. The Senior Credit Facilities have been fully and unconditionally guaranteed and secured by us and certain of our subsidiaries (including Constant Contact and its subsidiaries).

The Senior Notes have been fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior unsecured basis, by us and our subsidiaries that guarantee the Senior Credit Facilities.

As of December 31, 2018 , we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $88.6 million and negative working capital of $300.7 million , which included the $31.6 million current portion of the 2018 Term Loan. There was no balance outstanding on the 2016 Revolver as of December 31, 2018 . In addition, we had approximately $1,802.0 million of long term indebtedness, including of deferred financing costs, outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan and the Senior Notes. We also had $467.9 million of short-term and long-term deferred revenue, which is not expected to be payable in cash.

Debt Covenants

Senior Credit Facilities

The Senior Credit Facilities require that we comply with a financial covenant to maintain a maximum ratio of consolidated net senior secured indebtedness to Bank Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below).

The Senior Credit Facilities contain covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of capital stock; make other restricted payments; make certain investments; sell or transfer certain assets; create liens on certain assets to secure debt; consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. Additionally, the Senior Credit Facilities require us to comply with certain negative covenants and specify certain events of default that could result in amounts becoming payable, in whole or in part, prior to their maturity dates. We were in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2018 .

With the exception of certain equity interests and other excluded assets under the terms of the Senior Credit Facilities, substantially all of our assets are pledged as collateral for the obligations under the Senior Credit Facilities.

Senior Notes

The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of capital stock; make other restricted payments; make certain investments; sell or transfer certain assets; create liens on certain assets to secure debt; consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. Upon a change of control as defined in the indenture, we or EIG Investors must offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but not including, the repurchase date. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions.

The indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, may permit or, in certain circumstances, require the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all the then outstanding Senior Notes to be due and payable immediately.

We were in compliance with all covenants under the Senior Credit Facilities and the Senior Notes at December 31, 2018 .

Secured Net Leverage Ratio

The Senior Credit Facilities require that we comply with a financial covenant to maintain a maximum ratio of consolidated senior secured net indebtedness on the date of determination to an adjusted consolidated EBITDA measure, which we refer to as "Bank Adjusted EBITDA", for the most recently completed four quarters (which we refer to as trailing twelve months, or "TTM"). This net leverage ratio is tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter and was required to be at or below 6.50 to 1.00 through December 31, 2016 and at or below 6.25 to 1.00 from March 31, 2017 through December 31, 2017, and

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may not exceed 6.00 to 1.00 from March 31, 2018 and thereafter. As of December 31, 2018 , we were in compliance with this covenant.

The credit agreement governing the Senior Credit Facilities defines consolidated senior secured net indebtedness as our and our restricted subsidiaries' aggregate amount of indebtedness that is secured by a lien not expressly subordinated to the liens securing the Senior Credit Facilities. Consolidated senior secured net indebtedness is determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP and consists only of indebtedness for borrowed money, unreimbursed obligations under letters of credit, obligations with respect to property, plant and equipment financing obligations and debt obligations evidenced by promissory notes and similar instruments, minus the aggregate amount of cash and permitted investments, excluding cash and permitted investments that are restricted.

The credit agreement defines Bank Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude, among other things, interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization. Bank Adjusted EBITDA also adjusts net income (loss) by excluding certain non-cash foreign exchange gains (losses), certain gains (losses) from sale of assets, stock-based compensation, unusual and non-recurring expenses (including acquisition related costs, gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt, and loss on impairment of tangible or intangible assets). It also adjusts net income (loss) for revenue on a billed basis, changes in deferred domain costs, share of loss (profit) of unconsolidated entities, and certain integration related costs. Finally, it adjusts net income (loss) to give pro forma effect to acquisitions, debt incurrences, repayments of debt, other specified transactions and certain cost savings on a TTM basis.

We use Bank Adjusted EBITDA to monitor our secured net leverage ratio and our ability to undertake key investing and financing functions such as making investments and incurring additional indebtedness, which may be prohibited by the covenants under our credit agreement unless we comply with certain financial ratios and tests.

Bank Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of our liquidity and is not presented in accordance with GAAP. Bank Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to revenue, net income (loss), cash flow, or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP. Our presentation of Bank Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable with similarly titled measures of other companies.

As of December 31, 2018 , our secured net leverage ratio on a TTM basis was 4.19 to 1.00 and was calculated as follows:

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	For the three months ended,
	March 31, 2018			June 30, 2018			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			TTM
	(in thousands except ratios)
Net (loss) income	$	(2,528	)	$	627		$	(6,335	)	$	12,770		$	4,534
Interest expense	36,050			38,346			37,527			37,557			149,480
Income tax expense (benefit)	(1,943		)	(946		)	11,715			(15,072		)	(6,246		)
Depreciation	12,068			12,796			11,889			11,454			48,207
Amortization of other intangible assets	25,735			25,978			26,177			25,258			103,148
Stock-based compensation	6,992			7,390			7,550			7,132			29,064
Integration and restructuring costs	1,529			1,295			197			347			3,368
Transaction expenses and charges	—			—			—			—			—
(Gain) loss of unconsolidated entities	27			(25		)	—			265			267
Impairment of long-lived assets	—			—			—			—			—
(Gain) loss on assets, not ordinary course	—			—			—			—			—
Legal advisory expenses	10,501			710			(832		)	159			10,538
Billed revenue to GAAP revenue adjustment	11,098			(2,431		)	(4,834		)	(8,035		)	(4,202		)
Domain registration cost cash to GAAP adjustment	(1,222		)	1,258			1,299			1,255			2,590
Currency translation	(6		)	(17		)	(17		)	(506		)	(546		)
Bank Adjusted EBITDA	$	98,301		$	84,981		$	84,336		$	72,584		$	340,202

Current portion of notes payable													$	31,606
Current portion of financed equipment													8,379
Notes payable - long term													1,770,055
Financed equipment - long term													—
Original issue discounts and deferred financing costs													53,341
Less:
Unsecured notes													(350,000		)
Cash													(88,644		)
Certain permitted restricted cash													(101		)
Net senior secured indebtedness													$	1,424,636
Net leverage ratio													4.19
Maximum net leverage ratio													6.00

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of December 31, 2018 , our cash and cash equivalents were primarily held for working capital purposes and for required principal and interest payments under our indebtedness. A majority of our cash and cash equivalents was held in operating accounts. Our cash and cash equivalents increased by $22.1 million from $66.5 million at December 31, 2017 to $88.6 million at December 31, 2018 . Of the $88.6 million cash and cash equivalents we had at December 31, 2018 , $26.5 million was held in foreign countries, and due to tax reasons, we do not plan to repatriate this cash in the near future. We used cash on hand at December 31, 2017 and cash flows from operations to purchase property and equipment and to make our debt repayments on the 2017 and 2018 Term Loan, as described under "Financing Activities" below. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including, but not limited to our growth rate, our level of sales and marketing activities, the development and introduction of new and enhanced products and services, market acceptance of our solutions, potential settlements of legal proceedings, acquisitions, and our gross profits and operating expenses. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and operating cash flows will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements, as well as our required principal and interest payments under our indebtedness, for at least the next 12 months.

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The following table shows our purchases of property and equipment, principal payments on property, plant and equipment financing obligations, depreciation, amortization and cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the stated period:



	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(in thousands)
Purchases of property and equipment	$	(37,259	)	$	(43,062	)	$	(45,880	)
Principal payments on financed equipment	(5,892		)	(7,390		)	(7,439		)
Depreciation	60,360			55,185			48,207
Amortization	155,222			152,162			114,280
Cash flows provided by operating activities	154,961			201,273			182,552
Cash flows used in investing activities	(930,147		)	(44,498		)	(45,882		)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	796,396			(146,705		)	(113,421		)

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures on the purchase of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 were $43.1 million and $45.9 million , respectively. The higher property and equipment expenditures in the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted primarily of an investment in data center and customer infrastructure, including internally developed software. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 we made principal payments of $7.4 million and $7.4 million , respectively, under property, plant and equipment financings for software. The remaining balance payable on the property, plant and equipment financings is $8.4 million as of December 31, 2018 .

Depreciation

Our depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 decreased by $7.0 million from $55.2 million to $48.2 million , respectively. This decrease was primarily due to a reduction in depreciation for our email marketing segment as certain assets became fully depreciated.

Amortization

Our amortization expense, which includes amortization of other intangible assets, amortization of deferred financing costs and amortization of net present value of deferred consideration, decreased by $37.9 million from $152.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $114.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Of this decrease in amortization expense, $37.2 million related to lower amortization expense of intangible assets relating to businesses and assets acquired. These decreases were partially offset by a decrease of $0.9 million relating to increased amortization of deferred financing costs and an increase of $0.4 million relating to amortization of original issue discounts related to our Senior Credit Facilities.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net income (loss) adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense and changes in deferred taxes, and the effect of changes in working capital, in particular in deferred revenue. As we add subscribers to our platform, we typically collect subscription fees at the time of initial billing and recognize revenue over the terms of the subscriptions. Accordingly, we generate operating cash flows as we collect cash from our subscribers in advance of delivering the related products and services, and we maintain a significant deferred revenue balance. As we add subscribers and sell additional products and services, our deferred revenue balance increases.

During fiscal year 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which superseded nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. Our implementation of Topic 606 resulted in an increase of $23.1 million to our deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2018. At the same time, our subscriber billings decreased during fiscal year 2018 as compared to fiscal year 2017 due to subscriber attrition, which partially offset the increase in deferred revenue from the adoption of Topic 606.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $182.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared with $201.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of net profit of $4.5 million , offset by non-cash charges of $183.1 million and an unfavorable net change of $5.1 million in our operating assets and liabilities. The $5.1 million of cash outlays for operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to lower subscriber billings resulting from subscriber attrition, which adversely impacted deferred revenue. In addition, we paid $8.0 million to settle our SEC investigations and $5.7 million to purchase an interest rate cap. These uses of cash were partially offset by lower payments for interest expense and lower payments for restructuring

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programs.We expect cash provided by operations to decrease in fiscal year 2019 by five to ten percent from the levels achieved in fiscal year 2018 as we continue to invest in engineering and development.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $201.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 , compared with $155.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 consisted of a net loss of $99.8 million , offset by non-cash charges of $282.2 million and a net change of $18.9 million in our operating assets and liabilities. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities included an increase in deferred revenue of $8.2 million, which was $46.2 million less than in the same period in 2016. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was the result of a reduction in Constant Contact acquisition and restructuring related payments, which favorably impacted the fiscal year 2017 period by $42.7 million. In addition, increased operating profit in our email marketing segment had a favorable impact on cash flow provided by operations. These increases in cash flow were partially offset by increased interest payments of $22.1 million as we incurred a full year of interest payments on the debt incurred to acquire Constant Contact.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $155.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 , and consisted of a net loss of $81.2 million , offset by non-cash charges of $168.9 million and a net change of $67.3 million in our operating assets and liabilities.

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of purchase of property and equipment, acquisition consideration payments, and changes in restricted cash balances.

During the year ended December 31, 2018 , cash flows used in investing activities was $45.9 million , which was used to purchase property and equipment.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , we used $43.1 million of cash to purchase property and equipment and $2.0 million of cash to acquire intangible assets, net of proceeds of $0.5 million from asset disposals.

During the year ended December 31, 2016 , we used $887.9 million of cash, net of cash acquired, for the purchase consideration for our acquisitions of Constant Contact and AppMachine. We also used $36.6 million of cash to purchase property and equipment, net of proceeds from disposals of $0.7 million. In addition, we paid $0.6 million for a convertible promissory note from a business that provides web and mobile management solutions, with the potential for subsequent purchases of up to $0.4 million of additional convertible notes, and $5.0 million for a minority interest investment in Fortifico Limited, a company providing a billing, customer support and CRM solution to small and mid-sized businesses.

Financing Activities

Cash flow from financing activities consists primarily of the net change in our overall indebtedness, payment of associated financing costs, payment of deferred consideration for our acquisitions and the issuance or repurchase of equity.

During the year ended December 31, 2018 , cash flows used in financing activities was $113.4 million . We paid $ 100.8 million of principal payments related to our 2017 Term Loan and 2018 Term Loan, which included mandatory repayments of $32.2 million and voluntary repayments of $68.6 million . We also made $7.4 million of principal payments related to property, plant and equipment financing obligations and $4.5 million deferred consideration payments relating to AppMachine. In addition, we paid $1.6 million for deferred financing costs relating to the 2018 refinancing. These payments were partially offset by $0.9 million of proceeds that we received from the exercise of stock options. For fiscal year 2019, we plan to continue to use our cash flow from operations to reduce our outstanding debt obligations, including both voluntary and mandatory repayments, in amounts similar to those paid during fiscal year 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , cash flows used in financing activities was $146.7 million. We made repayments on our term loans of $1,797.6 million (including the refinancing of our 2017 Term Loan, which provided new term debt proceeds of $1,693.0 million), for a net cash debt payment of $100.4 million during fiscal year 2017. In addition, we incurred $6.3 million of costs related to the 2017 Term Loan refinancing, made property, plant and equipment financing payments of $7.4 million, paid $5.4 million of deferred consideration (primarily related to our AppMachine acquisition), and made the final payment of non-controlling interest obligations of $25.0 million to acquire all equity interests in WZ UK. These cash outlays were partially offset by $2.0 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

During the year ended December 31, 2016 , cash flows provided by financing activities was $796.4 million. We received $1.1 billion from the issuance of debt to finance the acquisition of Constant Contact. We also received $2.6 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options, and $2.8 million as a capital investment from a joint venture minority partner. We made repayments on our revolving credit facility throughout the year, including $66.0 million that was refinanced as part of the debt

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we incurred to acquire Constant Contact. We also made $55.2 million in principal payments on our term loan facility, including $37.4 million of voluntary repayments. In addition, we paid $52.6 million in financing costs related to the financing of the Constant Contact acquisition and $51.0 million of deferred consideration payments, the largest component of which was $31.4 million related to our 2015 Ace Data Center acquisition.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow, or FCF, is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as GAAP cash flow from operations less capital expenditures and property, plant and financed equipment. We believe that FCF provides investors with an indicator of our ability to generate positive cash flows after meeting our obligations with regard to capital expenditures (including property, plant and financed equipment). The following table reflects the reconciliation of cash flow from operations to free cash flow (all data in thousands):



	For the year ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
Cash flow from operations	$	154,961		$	201,273		$	182,552
Less:
Capital expenditures and financed equipment (1)	(43,151		)	(50,452		)	(53,319		)
Free cash flow	$	111,810		$	150,821		$	129,233

(1)

Capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2017 includes $7.4 million of principal payments under a three year agreement for equipment financing. Capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2018 includes $7.4 million of principal payments under a two year agreement for equipment financing. The remaining balance on the equipment financing is $8.4 million as of December 31, 2018 .

Free cash flow decreased from $150.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $129.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . This decrease of $21.6 million was primarily driven by the same factors that led to a decrease in adjusted EBITDA from $350.8 million to $338.1 million, including reduced revenues from our non-strategic web presence brands and increased investment in engineering and development resources. Additionally, we experienced lower cash billings due to subscriber attrition, mainly from our non-strategic brands, which reduced deferred revenue by $6.3 million; paid $8.0 million to settle our SEC investigations; and paid $5.7 million to purchase an interest rate cap. These reductions in free cash flow were partially offset by lower payments for both interest expense and restructuring costs. We expect free cash flow for fiscal year 2019 to decline by approximately five to ten percent as we continue to invest in engineering and development resources to further enhance our products.

Free cash flow increased from $111.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $150.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 . This increase was attributable to lower Constant Contact related acquisition and restructuring payments of $42.6 million, and increased cash flow from our email marketing segment. These increases in free cash flow were partially offset by increased interest payments of $22.1 million as we incurred a full year of interest payments on the debt incurred to acquire Constant Contact, and by increased capital expenditures of $7.3 million.

Net Operating Loss (NOL) Carry-Forwards

As of December 31, 2018 , we had NOL carry-forwards available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income of approximately $108.9 million and future state taxable income of approximately $115.5 million. These NOL carry-forwards expire on various dates through 2038. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act, NOL carry-forwards arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 may be carried forward indefinitely, but the use of such NOLs is limited to 80% of our taxable income in any future taxable year. It is uncertain how various states will respond to the Tax Act. As of December 31, 2018, we had NOL carry-forwards in foreign jurisdictions available to offset future foreign taxable income by approximately $13.8 million. We have loss carry-forwards that begin to expire in 2021 in China totaling $0.9 million. We have loss carryforwards that begin to expire in 2020 in India totaling $0.5 million. We have loss carry-forwards that begin to expire in 2020 in the Netherlands totaling $12.1 million. We also have loss carry-forwards in Singapore of $0.3 million, which have an indefinite carry-forward period.

Utilization of the NOL carry-forwards may be subject to an annual limitation due to the ownership percentage change

limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 382 limitation”). Ownership changes can limit the

amount of net operating loss and other tax attributes that a company can use each year to offset future taxable income and taxes

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payable. Although we have experienced a number of ownership changes over time, we do not currently have any Section 382

limitations on our ability to utilize NOL carry-forwards.

Backlog and Deferred Revenue

We define our backlog as the total committed value of our contracts which have not been recognized as revenue at the end of a period. Since we require prepayments for all our products and services, our backlog is equal to our deferred revenue balance. Our backlog as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 was $452.9 million and $467.9 million , respectively. Because revenue for any period is a function of revenue recognized from deferred revenue under contracts in existence at the beginning of a period, as well as contract renewals and new customer contracts during the period, backlog at the beginning of any period is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Our presentation of backlog may differ from other companies in our industry.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our principal commitments consist of obligations under our outstanding debt facilities, which in 2018 included one quarterly principal repayment of $8.5 million against the 2017 Term Loan and three quarterly principal repayments of $7.9 million against the refinanced 2018 Term Loan, interest payments on the 2017 Term Loan and 2018 Term Loan, which are typically three-month LIBOR loans, and interest payments on the Senior Notes; non-cancelable leases for our office space; deferred payment obligations related to acquisitions; and purchase obligations under significant contracts. The following table summarizes these contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 :



	Payments due by period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
	(in thousands)
Long-term debt obligations:
Principal payments on term loan facilities and notes	$	1,855,002	$	31,606	$	63,212	$	1,410,184	$	350,000
Interest payments and other debt facility related fees ⁽¹⁾	703,571		138,288		266,529		257,900		40,854
Financed equipment	8,676		8,676		—		—		—
Operating lease obligations	114,141		20,770		38,206		29,565		25,600
Deferred consideration ⁽²⁾	3,789		2,425		1,364		—		—
Purchase commitments	47,661		33,466		13,320		875		—
Total	$	2,732,840	$	235,231	$	382,631	$	1,698,524	$	416,454

(1)

Term loan facility interest rate is based on adjusted LIBOR plus 375 basis points for the 2018 Term Loan, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.00%. As of December 31, 2018 , the interest rates on the 2018 Term Loan and the Senior Notes were 6.44% and 10.875%, respectively. The 2018 Term Loan and the Senior Notes mature on February 9, 2023, and February 1, 2024, respectively. Our revolving credit facility, which has no balance outstanding as of December 31, 2018 , has maturity dates of February 9, 2021 and June 20, 2023 for the non-extended tranche and extended tranche, respectively, and bears a non-refundable commitment fee, equal to 0.50% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) of the daily unused principal amount .


(2)	Consists of deferred payment obligations related to acquisitions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any special purpose entities or off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. These risks include primarily foreign exchange risk, interest rate and inflation.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

A significant majority of our subscription agreements and our expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. We do, however, have sales in a number of foreign currencies as well as business operations in Brazil and India and are subject to the impacts of currency fluctuations in those markets. The impact of these currency fluctuations is insignificant relative to the overall financial results of our company.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

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We had cash and cash equivalents of $88.6 million at December 31, 2018 , the majority of which was held in operating accounts for working capital purposes and other general corporate purposes which includes payment of principal and interest under our indebtedness. As of December 31, 2018 , we had approximately $1,505.0 million of indebtedness outstanding under our 2018 Term Loan, $350.0 million outstanding under the Notes and $0.0 million outstanding under the 2016 Revolver.

The 2018 Term Loan automatically bears interest at the bank’s reference rate unless we give notice to opt for LIBOR based interest rate term loans. The interest rate for a LIBOR based interest term loan is 3.75% plus the greater of an adjusted LIBOR and 1.00%, and the interest rate for a reference rate term loan was 3.00% per annum plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, an adjusted LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, or 2.00%.

We have the ability to draw down against the 2016 Revolver using a LIBOR-based interest rate or an alternate base rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate for a non-extended revolving loan is 4.00% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down)and for an extended revolving loan is 3.25% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down), in each case plus an adjusted LIBOR for a selected interest period. The alternate base rate for a non-extended revolving loan is 3.00% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) and for an extended revolving loan is 2.25% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down),in each case plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and an adjusted LIBOR or a one-month interest period plus 1.00%. We are also required to pay a commitment fee of 0.50% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) to the lenders based on the average daily unused principal amount of the 2016 Revolver.

Based on our aggregate indebtedness outstanding under our new first lien term loan facility of $1,505.0 million as of December 31, 2018 , a 100 basis point increase in the adjusted LIBOR above the LIBOR floor would result in a $15.6 million increase in our aggregate interest payments over a 12-month period, and a 100 basis point decrease at the current LIBOR rate would result in a $15.6 million decrease in our interest payments.

We have entered into two interest rate caps as part of our risk management strategy. The three-year interest rate cap we entered into in December 2015 limits our exposure beginning on February 29, 2016 to LIBOR interest rate increases over 2.0% on$500.0 million of our 2018 Term Loan (and prior to June 20, 2018, our 2017 Term Loan). The three-year interest rate cap we entered into in June 2018 limits our exposure beginning on August 28, 2018 to LIBOR interest rate increases over 3.0% on $800.0 million of our 2018 Term Loan. The LIBOR interest rate applicable to our 2018 Term Loan as of December 31, 2018 was approximately 2.69%.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

ENDURANCE INTERNATIONAL GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	69
Consolidated Balance Sheets	70
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	71
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	72
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	73
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	75

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Burlington, Massachusetts

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 , and the related notes (collectively referred to as "the consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2018 , and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 , in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 , based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated February 21, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, on January 1, 2018, the Company changed its method of accounting for revenue and direct costs of revenue from sales to customers due to the adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2008.

Boston, Massachusetts

February 21, 2019

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Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)



	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	66,493		$	88,644
Restricted cash	2,625			1,932
Accounts receivable	15,945			12,205
Prepaid domain name registry fees	53,805			56,779
Prepaid commissions	—			41,458
Prepaid and refundable taxes	4,367			7,235
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	23,908			27,855
Total current assets	167,143			236,108
Property and equipment—net	95,452			92,275
Goodwill	1,850,582			1,849,065
Other intangible assets—net	455,440			352,516
Deferred financing costs	3,189			2,656
Investments	15,267			15,000
Prepaid domain name registry fees, net of current portion	10,806			11,207
Prepaid commissions, net of current portion	—			42,472
Other assets	2,155			5,208
Total assets	$	2,600,034		$	2,606,507
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	11,058		$	12,449
Accrued expenses	78,601			79,279
Accrued taxes	338			2,498
Accrued interest	24,457			25,259
Deferred revenue	361,940			371,758
Current portion of notes payable	33,945			31,606
Current portion of financed equipment	7,630			8,379
Deferred consideration—short term	4,365			2,425
Other current liabilities	4,031			3,147
Total current liabilities	526,365			536,800
Long-term deferred revenue	90,972			96,140
Notes payable—long term, net of original issue discounts of $25,811 and $21,349, and deferred financing costs of $37,736 and $31,992, respectively	1,858,300			1,770,055
Financed equipment—long term	7,719			—
Deferred tax liability—long term	19,696			16,457
Deferred consideration—long term	3,551			1,364
Other liabilities	10,426			11,237
Total liabilities	2,517,029			2,432,053
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock—par value $0.0001; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding	—			—
Common Stock—par value $0.0001; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 140,190,695 and 143,444,515 shares issued at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, respectively; 140,190,695 and 143,444,178 outstanding at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, respectively	14			14
Additional paid-in capital	931,033			961,235
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(541		)	(3,211		)
Accumulated deficit	(847,501		)	(783,584		)
Total stockholders’ equity	83,005			174,454
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,600,034		$	2,606,507

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)



	Year Ended December 31, 2016			Year Ended December 31, 2017			Year Ended December 31, 2018
Revenue	$	1,111,142		$	1,176,867		$	1,145,291
Cost of revenue	583,991			603,930			520,737
Gross profit	527,151			572,937			624,554
Operating expense:
Sales and marketing	303,511			277,460			265,424
Engineering and development	87,601			78,772			87,980
General and administrative	143,095			163,972			124,204
Transaction costs	32,284			773			—
Impairment of goodwill	—			12,129			—
Total operating expense	566,491			533,106			477,608
(Loss) income from operations	(39,340		)	39,831			146,946
Other income (expense):
Other income (expense), net	1,862			(600		)	—
Interest income	576			736			1,089
Interest expense	(152,888		)	(157,142		)	(149,480		)
Total other expense—net	(150,450		)	(157,006		)	(148,391		)
Loss before income taxes and equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	(189,790		)	(117,175		)	(1,445		)
Income tax benefit	(109,858		)	(17,281		)	(6,246		)
(Loss) income before equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	(79,932		)	(99,894		)	4,801
Equity loss (income) of unconsolidated entities, net of tax	1,297			(110		)	267
Net (loss) income	$	(81,229	)	$	(99,784	)	$	4,534
Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest	(15,167		)	277			—
Excess accretion of non-controlling interest	6,769			7,247			—
Total net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest	(8,398		)	7,524			—
Net (loss) income attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	(72,831	)	$	(107,308	)	$	4,534
Comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(597		)	3,091			(2,233		)
Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedge, net of taxes of ($792), $11 and ($137) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018	(1,351		)	34			(437		)
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(74,779	)	$	(104,183	)	$	1,864
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. - basic earnings per share	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.78	)	$	0.03
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. - diluted earnings per share	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.78	)	$	0.03
Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net (loss) income per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.
Basic	133,415,732			137,322,201			142,316,993
Diluted	133,415,732			137,322,201			145,669,760

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share amounts)



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Number	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance—December 31, 2015	131,938,485	$	14	$	848,740		$	(1,718	)	$	(667,362	)	$	179,674
Vesting of restricted shares	2,458,886	—		—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options	396,486	—		2,564			—			—			2,564
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			(1,948		)	—			(1,948		)
Non-controlling interest accretion	—	—		(30,844		)	—			—			(30,844		)
Investment in Constant Contact	—	—		5,395			—			—			5,395
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	—		(15,167		)	—			—			(15,167		)
Net loss attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	—	—		—			—			(72,831		)	(72,831		)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		57,540			—			—			57,540
Balance—December 31, 2016	134,793,857	14		868,228			(3,666		)	(740,193		)	124,383
Vesting of restricted shares	5,040,609	—		—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options	356,229	—		2,049			—			—			2,049
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			3,125			—			3,125
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	—		277			—			—			277
Net loss attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	—	—		—			—			(107,308		)	(107,308		)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		60,479			—			—			60,479
Balance—December 31, 2017	140,190,695	14		931,033			(541		)	(847,501		)	83,005
Vesting of restricted shares	3,122,079	—		—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options	131,404	—		887			—			—			887
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			(2,670		)	—			(2,670		)
Adjustment to beginning retained earnings resulting from adoption of ASC 606, net of tax impact of $7.0 million	—	—		—			—			59,383			59,383
Net loss attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	—	—		—			—			4,534			4,534
Stock-based compensation	—	—		29,315			—			—			29,315
Balance—December 31, 2018	143,444,178	$	14	$	961,235		$	(3,211	)	$	(783,584	)	$	174,454

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)



	Year Ended December 31, 2016			Year Ended December 31, 2017			Year Ended December 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(81,229	)	$	(99,784	)	$	4,534
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment	60,360			55,185			48,207
Amortization of other intangible assets from acquisitions	143,562			140,354			103,148
Amortization of deferred financing costs	6,073			7,316			6,454
Amortization of net present value of deferred consideration	2,617			632			373
Amortization of original issuance discount	2,970			3,860			4,305
Impairment of long-lived assets	9,039			18,731			—
Impairment of investments	—			600			—
Impairment of goodwill	—			12,129			—
Stock-based compensation	58,267			60,001			29,064
Deferred tax benefit	(113,242		)	(22,807		)	(10,438		)
(Gain) loss on sale of assets	(243		)	(315		)	198
Gain from unconsolidated entities	(1,862		)	(110		)	—
Loss of unconsolidated entities	1,297			—			267
Financing costs expensed	—			5,487			1,228
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—			992			331
Dividend from minority interest	100			100			—
Gain from change in deferred consideration	(20		)	—			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,620		)	(3,102		)	3,616
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(4,932		)	5,435			(11,759		)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	19,458			8,334			9,339
Deferred revenue	54,366			8,235			(6,315		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	154,961			201,273			182,552
Cash flows from investing activities:
Businesses acquired in purchase transaction, net of cash acquired	(887,937		)	—			—
Purchases of property and equipment	(37,259		)	(43,062		)	(45,880		)
Cash paid for minority investment	(5,600		)	—			—
Proceeds from sale of assets	676			530			6
Purchases of intangible assets	(27		)	(1,966		)	(8		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(930,147		)	(44,498		)	(45,882		)

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Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)



	Year Ended December 31, 2016			Year Ended December 31, 2017			Year Ended December 31, 2018
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of term loan	1,056,178			1,693,007			1,580,305
Repayment of term loan	(55,200		)	(1,797,634		)	(1,681,094		)
Proceeds from borrowing of revolver	54,500			—			—
Repayment of revolver	(121,500		)	—			—
Payment of financing costs	(52,561		)	(6,304		)	(1,580		)
Payment of deferred consideration	(51,044		)	(5,433		)	(4,500		)
Payment of redeemable non-controlling interest liability	(33,425		)	(25,000		)	—
Principal payments on financed equipment	(5,892		)	(7,390		)	(7,439		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,564			2,049			887
Capital investment from minority interest partner	2,776			—			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	796,396			(146,705		)	(113,421		)
Net effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,610			2,150			(1,791		)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	22,820			12,220			21,458
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period	34,078			56,898			69,118
End of period	$	56,898		$	69,118		$	90,576
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	119,063		$	141,157		$	134,145
Income taxes paid	$	4,278		$	3,369		$	4,141
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Shares or awards issued in connection with acquisitions	$	5,395		$	—		$	—
Assets acquired under equipment financing	$	—		$	15,536		$	1,179

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Nature of Business

Formation and Nature of Business

Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) is a Delaware corporation, which, together with its wholly owned subsidiary company, EIG Investors Corp. (“EIG Investors”), its primary operating subsidiary company, The Endurance International Group, Inc. (“EIG”), and other subsidiaries of EIG, collectively form the “Company”. The Company is a leading provider of cloud-based platform solutions designed to help small- and medium-sized businesses succeed online.

EIG and EIG Investors were incorporated in April 1997 and May 2007, respectively, and Holdings was originally formed as a limited liability company in October 2011 in connection with the acquisition of a controlling interest in EIG Investors, EIG and EIG’s subsidiaries by investment funds and entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus and Goldman, Sachs & Co. on December 22, 2011. On November 7, 2012, Holdings reorganized as a Delaware limited partnership and on June 25, 2013, Holdings converted into a Delaware C-corporation and changed its name to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Preparation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements, which include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The Company has determined that its chief executive officer is the Company's CODM.

The Company has identified three operating segments: Web Presence, Domains and Email Marketing. The Company has determined that it does not satisfy aggregation criteria for these operating segments, and that each segment meets the quantitative threshold of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280, Segment Reporting , or ASC 280. Therefore, all three operating segments are reportable segments.

The Company's segments share certain resources, primarily related to sales and marketing, engineering and general and administrative functions. Management allocates these costs to each respective segment based on a consistently applied methodology.

The Company has revised amounts reported for gross profit, net loss and adjusted EBITDA for the web presence and the domain segments in the segment disclosures, which impacted fiscal years 2016 and 2017. The amounts reported for the email marketing segment were not impacted. The revisions arose because of an error in the classification of certain domain registration expenses. Domain segment gross profit, net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA were overstated by $3.0 million for fiscal year 2016, and by $6.9 million for fiscal year 2017, and web presence segment gross profit, net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA were understated by equal amounts. Consolidated results were not impacted by this misstatement. See Note 21, Segment Information , for further details.

Use of Estimates

U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates, judgments and assumptions used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based on the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, judgments and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements, actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The more significant estimates reflected in these consolidated financial statements include estimates of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed under purchase accounting related to the Company’s acquisitions and when evaluating goodwill and long-lived assets for potential impairment, the estimated useful lives of intangible and depreciable assets, revenue recognition for contracts with multiple performance obligations, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration, derivative instruments, certain accruals, reserves and deferred taxes.

Cash Equivalents

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Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is composed of certificates of deposits and cash held by merchant banks and payment processors, which provide collateral against any chargebacks, fees, or other items that may be charged back to the Company by credit card companies and other merchants, and collateral for certain facility leases.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable is primarily composed of cash due from credit card companies for unsettled transactions charged to subscribers’ credit cards. As these amounts reflect authenticated transactions that are fully collectible, the Company does not maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company also accrues for earned referral fees and commissions, which are governed by reseller or affiliate agreements, when the amount is reasonably estimable.

Prepaid Domain Name Registry Fees

Prepaid domain name registry fees represent amounts that are paid in full at the time a domain is registered by one of the Company’s registrars on behalf of a customer. The registry fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the domain registration period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain accrued expenses, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. The fair value of the Company’s notes payable is based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and average maturities and approximates their carrying value.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , or ASC 815, provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

As required by ASC 815, the Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

In accordance with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance in Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2011-4, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

Concentrations of Credit and Other Risks

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at accredited financial institutions, and PayPal balances are at times without and in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances and does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.

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For the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , no subscriber represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue. Additionally, as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , no subscriber represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost or fair value if acquired in an acquisition. The Company also capitalizes the direct costs of constructing additional computer equipment for internal use, as well as upgrades to existing computer equipment which extend the useful life, capacity or operating efficiency of the equipment. Capitalized costs include the cost of materials, shipping and taxes. Materials used for repairs and maintenance of computer equipment are expensed and recorded as a cost of revenue. Materials on hand and construction-in-process are recorded as property and equipment. Assets recorded under property, plant and equipment financing are depreciated over the lease term. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:



	Building		Thirty-five years
	Software		Two to three years
	Computers and office equipment		Three years
	Furniture and fixtures		Five years
	Leasehold improvements		Shorter of useful life or remaining term of the lease

Software Development Costs

The Company accounts for software development costs for internal use software under the provisions of ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software . Accordingly, certain costs to develop internal-use computer software are capitalized, provided these costs are expected to be recoverable. During the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , the Company capitalized internal-use software development costs of $11.8 million , $10.2 million and $10.1 million , respectively.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting, in accordance with which assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the acquisition date. The fair value of the consideration paid, including contingent consideration, is assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. Goodwill represents excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Significant judgments are used in determining fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as intangibles and their estimated useful lives. Fair value and useful life determinations are based on, among other factors, estimates of future expected cash flows, royalty cost savings and appropriate discount rates used in computing present values. These judgments may materially impact the estimates used in allocating acquisition date fair values to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the Company's current and future operating results. Actual results may vary from these estimates which may result in adjustments to goodwill and acquisition date fair values of assets and liabilities during a measurement period or upon a final determination of asset and liability fair values, whichever occurs first. Adjustments to fair values of assets and liabilities made after the end of the measurement period are recorded within the Company's operating results.

Changes in the fair value of a contingent consideration resulting from a change in the underlying inputs are recognized in results of operations until the arrangement is settled.

Goodwill

Goodwill relates to amounts that arose in connection with various acquisitions and represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the identifiable intangible and tangible net assets when accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. Goodwill is not amortized, but it is subject to periodic review for impairment. Events that would indicate impairment and trigger an interim impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, current economic and market conditions, a decline in the equity value of the business, a significant adverse change in certain agreements that would materially affect reported operating results, business climate or operational performance of the business and an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.

In accordance with ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Testing Goodwill for Impairment , or ASU 2011-08, the Company is required to review goodwill by reporting unit for impairment at least annually or more often if there are indicators of impairment present. A reporting unit is either the equivalent of, or one level below, an operating segment.

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The Company has historically performed its annual goodwill test as of December 31 of each fiscal year. As a result of changes in its management structure during fiscal year 2017, including the change in the Company's chief executive officer, the Company has revised its internal reporting structure, which has resulted in a change to the Company's reporting units. The Company has identified a total of ten reporting units under its new structure. With the increase in reporting units, the Company determined that more time would be required to perform future goodwill impairment tests, and as a result, decided to accelerate the annual goodwill impairment test date to October 31 of each fiscal year, starting with the fiscal year 2017 test. The Company also early adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-04, which eliminates the second step of the goodwill impairment test. As a result, the Company's goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2017 and all future goodwill impairment tests include only one step, which is a comparison of the carrying value of each reporting unit to its fair value, and any excess carrying value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit is impaired.

Before testing goodwill at October 31, 2017, the Company allocated assets and liabilities to their respective reporting units. Goodwill was allocated to each reporting unit in accordance with ASC 350-20-40, which requires that goodwill be allocated based on the relative fair values of each reporting unit. After completing this valuation process, the Company allocated goodwill to seven reporting units. The Company did not allocate any goodwill to three smaller reporting units that were determined to have no material fair value.

The carrying value of each reporting unit is based on the assignment of the appropriate assets and liabilities to each reporting unit. Assets and liabilities were assigned to each reporting unit if the assets or liabilities are employed in the operations of the reporting unit and the asset and liability is considered in the determination of the reporting unit fair value. Certain assets and liabilities are shared by multiple reporting units, and were allocated to each reporting unit based on the relative size of a reporting unit, primarily based on revenue.

The Company's goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2017 resulted in a $12.1 impairment of goodwill to the Company's domain monetization reporting unit within the domain segment. The impairment is a direct result of a more rapid decline in domain parking revenue than originally expected, and to a lesser extent, reduced sales of premium domain names. Goodwill for this reporting unit has been completely impaired. Goodwill allocated to the other six reporting units was not impaired. As of the test date of October 31, 2018, the fair value for all reporting units was higher than their respective carrying values, and no impairment has been recorded. No triggering events were identified between the October 31, 2018 test and December 31, 2018.

The Company determines the fair value of each reporting unit by utilizing the income approach and the market approach. For the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future after-tax cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk adjusted rate. The Company derives its discount rates using a capital asset pricing model and analyzing published rates for industries relevant to its reporting units to estimate the weighted-average cost of capital. The Company uses discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in its business and in its internally developed forecasts. For fiscal years 2017 and 2018, the Company used a discount rate of 10.0% for all but one of its reporting units. The Company also performed sensitivity analysis on its discount rates. The Company uses internal forecasts to estimate future after-tax cash flows, which include an estimate of long-term future growth rates based on the Company's view of the long-term outlook for each reporting unit. Actual results may differ from those assumed in the Company's forecasts.

For the market approach, the Company uses a valuation technique in which values are derived based on valuation multiples from comparable public companies, and a valuation multiple from sales of comparable companies.

For the fiscal 2017 goodwill impairment analysis, the Company compared the fair value from the income approach to the market approach based on multiples of comparable public companies and noted no material variances in the valuation techniques. For the fiscal 2018 goodwill impairment analysis, the Company compared the fair value from the income approach to two market approaches, which included a valuation multiple of comparable public companies and a valuation multiple from sales of comparable companies. For three of the Company's reporting units, which represent approximately 95% of the Company's goodwill, the fair value derived from the income approach was consistent with the fair value derived from the two market approaches. The Company established the fair value for these reporting units based on the average fair value from all three valuation approaches.

For two of the Company's reporting units, which represent approximately 3% of the Company's goodwill, the Company based their fair value entirely upon the income approach, as these two reporting units are experiencing declining cash flows and are expected to continue to experience declines over time. The fair values from the income approach for these two reporting units were materially below the fair values derived from both market approaches. The goodwill allocated to these two reporting units is approximately $64.2 million as of December 31, 2018. Although the Company does not expect an impairment of goodwill for these two reporting units in the near term, the Company expects that cash flows will continue to decline which could result in goodwill impairment charges for these two reporting units at some point in the future.

For one of the Company's reporting units, which represents approximately 2% of the Company's goodwill, the fair values derived from the market approaches were much lower than the income approach using a discount rate of 10% . The Company

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determined that more risk was present in the projected future cash flows of this reporting unit as compared to the Company's other reporting units and determined that a discount rate of 17% was appropriate. The fair value of this reporting unit under the income approach at a discount rate of 17% was consistent with the fair values determined under the two market approaches. The Company established fair value for this reporting unit based on the average fair value from all three valuation approaches.

Goodwill as of December 31, 2018 is $1,849.1 million . The carrying value of goodwill that was allocated to the domain, email marketing and web presence segments was $29.9 million , $604.3 million and $1,214.9 million , respectively. The fair value of all reporting units with goodwill at December 31, 2018 exceeds each reporting units carrying value by at least 20% .

Long-Lived Assets

The Company’s long-lived assets consist primarily of intangible assets, including acquired subscriber relationships, trade names, intellectual property, developed technology, domain names available for sale and in-process research and development (“IPR&D”). The Company also has long-lived tangible assets, primarily consisting of property and equipment. The majority of the Company’s intangible assets are recorded in connection with its various acquisitions. The Company’s intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the time of their acquisition. The Company amortizes intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.

Determination of the estimated useful lives of the individual categories of intangible assets is based on the nature of the applicable intangible asset and the expected future cash flows to be derived from the intangible asset. Amortization of intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in accordance with their estimated projected cash flows.

The Company evaluates long-lived intangible and tangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present and undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the fair value of the assets is determined and compared to the carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, then the carrying value of the asset is reduced to the estimated fair value and an impairment loss is charged to expense in the period the impairment is identified.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company determined that a portion of an internally developed software tool would not meet its needs following the acquisition of Constant Contact, resulting in an impairment charge of $2.0 million which was recorded in engineering and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Additionally, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $0.5 million relating to internally developed software relating to Webzai Ltd. (“Webzai”), and another impairment charge of $4.4 million relating to developed technology acquired in the Webzai acquisition, for a total impairment charge of $4.9 million , which was recorded in engineering and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Refer to Note 6: Property and Equipment and Property, Plant and Equipment Financing Obligations and Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further details.

Also during the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred total impairment charges of IPR&D of $2.2 million , consisting of $1.4 million to impair certain acquired IPR&D projects from the Webzai acquisition that were abandoned during the year ended December 31, 2016 and a charge of $0.8 million to impair certain acquired IPR&D projects from the AppMachine acquisition. Refer to Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets , and Acquired In-Process Research and Development (IPR&D) below for further details.

All of the 2016 impairments described above were recognized in the web presence segment.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $13.8 million relating to certain domain name intangible assets acquired in 2014, which was recorded in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The impairment resulted from diminished cash flows associated with these intangible assets.

Also during the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $4.9 million primarily relating to developed technology and customer relationships associated with the acquisition of the Directi web presence business in 2014. This impairment was recorded in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The impairment resulted from diminished cash flows associated with these intangible assets.

All of the 2017 impairments described above were recognized in the domain segment.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company did not identify any impairments relating to its long-lived assets.

Indefinite life intangible assets include domain names that are available for sale which are recorded at cost to acquire. These assets are not being amortized and are being tested for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. When a domain name is sold, the Company records the cost of the domain in cost of revenue.

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Acquired In-Process Research and Development (IPR&D)

Acquired IPR&D represents the fair value assigned to research and development assets that the Company acquires that have not been completed at the date of acquisition. The acquired IPR&D is capitalized as an intangible asset and reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine future use. Any impairment loss of the acquired IPR&D is charged to expense in the period the impairment is identified. Upon commercialization, the acquired fair value of the IPR&D will be reclassified to developed technology and amortized over its estimated useful life.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company identified that the acquired fair value of the remaining IPR&D acquired in connection with its acquisition of Webzai was impaired as these IPR&D projects were abandoned in favor of other projects. At that time, and as mentioned above, the Company recorded a $1.4 million impairment charge, which is reflected in engineering and development expense during the year ended December 31, 2016 in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company identified that the acquired fair value of the remaining IPR&D acquired in connection with its acquisition of AppMachine was impaired as these projects were abandoned in favor of other projects, and as such, the Company recorded a $0.8 million impairment charge, which is also reflected in engineering and development expense during the year ended December 31, 2016 in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , or ASU 2014-09 or ASC 606, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. Since then, the FASB has also issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Principals versus Agent Considerations, ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, and ASU 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments, which further elaborate on the original ASU No. 2014-09. The Company adopted the guidance in ASC 606 on January 1, 2018. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to for those products and services. In general, the Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:


•	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer


•	Identification of the performance obligations in the contract


•	Determination of the transaction price


•	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract


•	Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company provides cloud-based subscription services, which include website hosting and related add-ons, search engine optimization (SEO) services, domain registration services and email marketing.

Website hosting gives subscribers access to an environment where the Company hosts a customer’s website. The related contract terms are generally for one year , but can range from 30 days to 3 years . Website hosting services are typically sold in bundled offerings that include website hosting, domain registration services and various add-ons. The Company recognizes revenue for website hosting and domain registration services over the term of the contract.

The main add-on services related to website hosting are domain privacy, secure sockets layer (SSL) security, site backup and restoration, and website builder tools. These services may be included in website hosting bundles, or they may be purchased on a standalone basis. Certain add-on services are provided by third parties. In cases where the Company is acting as an agent for the sale of third party add-on services, the Company recognizes revenue on a net basis at the time of sale. In cases where the Company is acting as a principal for the sale of third party add-on services (i.e., the Company has the primary responsibility to provide specific goods or services, it has discretion to establish prices and it may assume inventory risk), the Company recognizes revenue on a gross basis over the term of the contract. The revenue for Company-provided add-on services is primarily recognized over the term of the contract.

SEO services are monthly subscriptions that provide a customer with increased traffic to their website over the term of the subscription. Revenue from SEO services is recognized over the monthly term of the contract.

In the case of domain registration services, the Company is an accredited registrar and can provide registration services to the customer, or it can select an accredited third party registrar to perform these duties. Domain registration services are generally annual subscriptions, but can cover multiple years. Revenue for these services is recognized over time.

Email marketing services provide subscribers with a cloud-based platform that can send broadcast emails to a customer list managed by the subscriber. Pricing is based on contract list volume from the prior monthly period, which determines the contractual billing price for the upcoming month. Revenue for this service is recognized over the monthly term of the contract.

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Non-subscription based services include certain professional services, primarily website design or re-design services, marketing development fund revenue ("MDF"), premium domain names and domain parking services.

Website design and re-design services are recognized when the service is complete.

Marketing development funds consist of commissions earned by the Company when a third party sells its products or services directly to the Company’s subscribers, and advertising revenue for third party ads placed on Company websites. The Company records revenue when the service is provided and calculates it based on the contractual revenue share arrangement or over the term of the advertisement.

Domain parking allows the Company to monetize certain of its premium domain names by loaning them to specialized third parties that generate advertising revenue from these parked domains on a pay per click ("PPC") basis. Revenue is recognized when earned and calculated based on the revenue share arrangement with the third party.

For most of the Company’s performance obligations, the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the service over a period of time as the Company performs the service, resulting in the recognition of revenue over the subscription period. This method provides an appropriate depiction of the timing of the transfer of services to the customer. In limited instances, the customer obtains control of the promised service at a point in time, with no future obligations on the part of the Company. In these instances, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time control is transferred. The contracts that the Company enters into typically do not contain any variable or non-cash considerations.

The Company maintains a reserve for refunds and chargebacks related to revenue that has been recognized and is expected to be refunded. The Company had a refund and chargeback reserve of $0.5 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , respectively. The portion of deferred revenue that is expected to be refunded at December 31, 2017 and 2018 was $1.8 million and $2.2 million , respectively. Based on refund history, a significant majority of refunds happen in the same fiscal month that the customer contract starts or renews. Approximately 83% of all refunds happen in the same fiscal month that the contract starts or renews, and approximately 95% of all refunds happen within 45 days of the contract start or renewal date.

The Company did not apply any practical expedients during its adoption of ASC 606. The Company elected to use the portfolio method in the calculation of the deferred contract assets.

Direct Costs of Revenue

The Company’s direct costs of revenue include only those costs directly incurred in connection with the provision of its cloud-based products and services. The direct costs of registering domain names with registries are spread over the terms of the arrangement and the cost of reselling domains of other third-party registrars are expensed as incurred. Cost of revenue includes depreciation on data center equipment and support infrastructure and amortization expense related to the amortization of long-lived intangible assets.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Deferred Revenue

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The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received or are due in advance of the Company’s performance, including amounts that are refundable. The change in the deferred revenue balance for the year ended December 31, 2018 is primarily driven by cash payments received or due in advance of the Company satisfying its performance obligations, offset by $370.7 million of revenue recognized that were included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the Company's deferred revenue as of December 31, 2018 :



	Short-term			Long-term
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	361,940		$	90,972
Effect of adoption of ASC 606 to balances at December 31, 2017	20,275			2,882
Recognition of the beginning deferred revenue into revenue, as a result of performance obligations satisfied	(370,715		)	—
Cash received in advance during the period	827,218			311,758
Recognition of cash received in the period into revenue, as a result of performance obligations satisfied	(774,576		)	—
Foreign translation impact	(1,592		)	(264		)
Reclassification between short-term and long-term	309,208			(309,208		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	371,758		$	96,140

The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s deferred liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company recognized $370.7 million and $0.0 million , respectively, from beginning deferred revenue current and long-term balances existing at December 31, 2017 . The Company did not recognize any revenue from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

The following table provides the remaining performance obligation amounts as of December 31, 2018 . These amounts are equivalent to the ending deferred revenue balance of $467.9 million , which includes both short and long-term amounts:



	Web presence		Email marketing		Domain		Total
	(in thousands)
Remaining performance obligation, short-term	$	257,722	$	55,235	$	58,801	$	371,758
Remaining performance obligation, long-term	81,564		—		14,576		96,140
Total	$	339,286	$	55,235	$	73,377	$	467,898

This backlog of revenue related to future performance obligations is prepaid by customers and supported by executed contracts with customers. The Company has established a reserve of $0.4 million for refunds and chargebacks, 95% of which is expected to materialize in the first 45 days after the contract start or renewal date. The remainder of the deferred revenue is expected to be recognized in future periods.

Deferred Customer Acquisition Costs

As a result of the implementation of ASC 606, the Company now capitalizes the incremental costs directly related to obtaining and fulfilling a contract (such as sales commissions and certain direct sales and marketing success based costs), if these costs are expected to be recovered. These costs are amortized over the period the services are transferred to the customer, which is estimated based on customer churn rates for various segments of the business. The Company includes only those incremental costs that would not have been incurred if the contracts had not been entered into:

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	Short-term			Long-term
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	—		$	—
Adjustments resulting from adoption of ASC 606	43,408			40,040
Deferred customer acquisition costs incurred in the period	18,671			33,465
Amounts recognized as expense in the period	(51,558		)	—
Foreign translation impact	(121		)	25
Reclassification between short-term and long-term	31,058			(31,058		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	41,458		$	42,472

As of December 31, 2018 , the Company has a total of $70.6 million in deferred assets relating to costs incurred to obtain or fulfill contracts in its web presence segment, which consists entirely of recoverable, specific, success-based sales commissions. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company has a total of $11.9 million deferred assets relating to costs incurred to obtain or fulfill contracts in its email marketing segment, which consists entirely of specific, success-based sales commissions. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company has a total of $1.4 million deferred assets relating to costs incurred to obtain or fulfill contracts in its domain segment, which consists entirely of recoverable, specific, success-based sales commissions. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company recognized total amortization costs related to the above items of $46.3 million , $4.8 million , and $0.5 million in its web presence, email marketing and domain segments, respectively.

Significant Judgments

The Company sells a number of third party cloud-based services to enhance a subscriber’s overall website hosting experience. The Company exercises considerable judgment to determine if it is the principal or agent in each of these arrangements, and in some instances, has concluded that it is an agent of the third party and recognizes revenue at time of subscriber purchase at an amount that is net of the revenue share payable to the third party.

The Company exercises judgment to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where the standalone selling price is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the standalone selling price using information that may include a competitive market assessment approach and other observable inputs. The Company typically has more than one standalone selling price for individual products and services.

Judgment is required to determine whether particular types of sales and marketing costs incurred, including commissions, are incremental and recoverable costs incurred to obtain and fulfill the customer contract. In addition, judgment is required to determine the life of the customer over which deferred customer acquisition costs are amortized.

Engineering and Development Costs

Engineering and development costs incurred in the development and maintenance of the Company’s technology infrastructure are expensed as incurred.

Sales and Marketing Costs

The Company engages in sales and marketing through various online marketing channels, which include affiliate and search marketing as well as online partnerships. The Company expenses sales and marketing costs as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , the Company’s sales and marketing costs were $303.5 million , $277.5 million and $265.4 million , respectively.

Foreign Currency

The Company has sales in a number of foreign currencies. In 2013, the Company commenced operations in foreign locations which report in the local currency. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign locations are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates as of the balance sheet date, and revenue and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and have not been material. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses relate to the settlement of assets or liabilities in another currency.

Foreign currency transaction losses were $1.8 million , $0.8 million , and $0.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively. These amounts are recorded in general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Income Taxes

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Income taxes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes , or ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

In addition, ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits in the year ended December 31, 2016 $1.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2017 , and $4.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 .

The Company records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company recognized immaterial interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, and $0.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 .

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company may issue restricted stock units, restricted stock awards and stock options which vest upon the satisfaction of a performance condition and/or a service condition. The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation , or ASC 718, which requires employee stock-based payments to be accounted for under the fair value method. Under this method, the Company is required to record compensation cost based on the estimated fair value for stock-based awards granted over the requisite service periods for the individual awards, which generally equals the vesting periods, net of estimated forfeitures. The Company uses the straight-line amortization method for recognizing stock-based compensation expense. In addition, for stock-based awards where vesting is dependent upon achieving certain performance goals, the Company estimates the likelihood of achieving the performance goals against established performance targets.

The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of highly subjective estimates and assumptions. For restricted stock awards granted, the Company estimates the fair value of each restricted stock award based on the closing trading price of its common stock on the date of grant.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . The guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification of excess tax benefits in the consolidated statements of cash flows. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt the new guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016, which requires it to reflect any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

The Company considered ASC 260-10, Earnings per Share , or ASC 260-10, which requires the presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, and, if there are dilutive securities, diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by including common stock equivalents which includes shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, net of shares assumed to have been purchased with the proceeds, using the treasury stock method.

For the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 , all non-vested shares granted prior to the Company’s initial public offering ("IPO") in October 2013, stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive as a result of the net losses for these periods. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company excluded stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted shares that were determined to be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method.

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	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(in thousands, except share amounts and per share data)
Computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	(72,831	)	$	(107,308	)	$	4,534
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.:
Basic	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.78	)	$	0.03
Diluted	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.78	)	$	0.03
Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net (loss) income per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.:
Basic	133,415,732			137,322,201			142,316,993
Diluted	133,415,732			137,322,201			145,669,760

The following number of weighted-average potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share because the effect of including such potentially dilutive shares would have been anti-dilutive:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
Restricted Stock Awards and Units	8,019,241	8,967,840	4,325,516
Options	10,380,991	10,728,795	8,443,928
Total	18,400,232	19,696,635	12,769,444

Guarantees

The Company has the following guarantees and indemnifications:

In connection with its acquisitions of companies and assets from third parties, the Company may provide indemnification or guarantees to the sellers in the event of damages for breaches or other claims covered by such agreements.

In connection with various vendor contracts, including those by which a product or service of a third party is offered to subscribers of the Company, the Company may guarantee the obligations of its subsidiaries or provide indemnification to the vendors in the event of damages for breaches or other claims covered by the contracts.

As permitted under Delaware and other applicable law, the Company’s charter and by-laws and those of its subsidiary companies provide that the Company shall indemnify its officers and directors for certain liabilities, including those incurred by reason of the fact that the officer or director is, was, or has agreed to serve as an officer or director of the Company. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is unlimited.

The Company leases office space and equipment under various operating leases. The Company has standard indemnification arrangements under these leases that require the Company to indemnify the lessor against losses, liabilities and claims incurred in connection with the premises or equipment covered by the Company’s lease agreements, the Company’s use of the premises, property damage or personal injury and breach of the agreement.

Through December 31, 2018, the only losses incurred by the Company in connection with any of its indemnification obligations or guarantees relate to immaterial amounts incurred to indemnify officers in connection with the SEC investigation. The Company does not expect material claims related to these indemnification obligations and consequently concluded that the fair value of these obligations is negligible and no related liabilities were established.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Recently Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , or ASU 2014-09, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. Since then, the FASB has also issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Principals versus Agent Considerations, ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, and ASU 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , Amendments to SEC Paragraphs

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Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments, which further elaborate on the original ASU No. 2014-09. The core principle of these updates is to recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgments and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under previous U.S. GAAP. In July 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date to January 1, 2018, with early adoption to be permitted as of the original effective date of January 1, 2017. Once this standard became effective, companies may use either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures) (the "modified retrospective approach"). The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The new standard impacted the timing of when certain sales incentive payments, primarily to external parties, are charged to expense as these costs must now be deferred over the life of the related customer relationship, whereas previously these amounts were expensed as incurred. In addition, a small portion of the Company's revenue recognition was impacted by this new guidance. The impact to opening retained earnings as a result of the adoption of the new guidance was $59.4 million , which consists of an $83.4 million deferred asset relating to customer acquisition costs and a $6.1 million deferred asset for domain registration costs, partially offset by a $23.1 million liability for deferred revenue, net of a deferred tax liability of $7.0 million . The Company applied the new guidance to all revenue contracts and did not use any practical expedients. The adoption of Topic 606 impacted the results of operations and certain balance sheet accounts. The impact of applying Topic 606 on the results for reporting periods and balance sheet beginning after January 1, 2018 is presented under Topic 606, while prior amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605. The impact of applying Topic 606 as of December 31, 2018 is as follows:



	For the year ended December 31, 2018 under Topic 606			For the year ended December 31, 2018 under Topic 605			Increase (decrease)
Consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) data	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	1,145,291		$	1,145,883		$	(592	)
Cost of revenue	520,737			520,309			428
Sales and marketing	265,424			266,003			(579		)

	As of December 31, 2018 under Topic 606			As of December 31, 2018 under Topic 605			Increase (decrease)
Consolidated balance sheet data	(in thousands)
Prepaid commissions, current portion	$	41,458		$	—		$	41,458
Prepaid commissions, long-term	42,472			—			42,472
Deferred revenue, current	371,758			350,891			20,867
Deferred revenue, long-term	96,140			93,258			2,882
Deferred tax liability—long term	16,457			9,431			7,026
Accumulated deficit	(783,584		)	(843,373		)	59,789

	For the year ended December 31, 2018 under Topic 606			For the year ended December 31, 2018 under Topic 605			Increase (decrease)
Consolidated statement of cash flow data	(in thousands)
Net income	$	4,534		$	4,975		$	(441	)
Change in prepaid expenses and other assets	(11,759		)	(11,608		)	(151		)
Change in deferred revenue	(6,315		)	(5,723		)	592
Cash flows from operations	182,552			182,552			—

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities . This new standard enhances the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash . This new standard requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's statement of cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . This new standard clarifies certain statement of cash flow presentation issues. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's statement of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory . This new standard improves the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment . This new standard eliminates step two of the prior goodwill test, and instead requires that an entity perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. This amendment is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company elected to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-04 effective in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, which simplified the process of calculating the $12.1 million impairment to goodwill during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) . This new standard provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This amendment is effective for annual or interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and will apply this guidance to any modifications, based on the new definition of a modification, for all periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were no modifications that would impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This new guidance better aligns an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and to the method of presenting hedge results. The amendments in this guidance require an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported, to allow users to better understand the results and costs of an entity's hedging program. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is allowed. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively, while the measurement guidance should be applied to hedges existing at the time of adoption through a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income with respect to the elimination of the separate measurement of ineffectiveness with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of the retained earnings. The Company adopted this guidance on June 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Recently Issued

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases . Since then, the FASB has also issued ASU 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842) : Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments, which further elaborates on the original ASU No. 2016-02. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record an ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements, but expects that the adoption will increase its assets and liabilities. The Company's preliminary calculations of the ROU asset to be recognized upon initial adoption amounts to $105.0 million to $120.0 million , and the preliminary calculation of the lease liability amounts to $115.0 million to $130.0 million .

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In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) . The new guidance expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-07 specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor's own operations by issuing share-based payment awards to a non-employee. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contract with Customers . The new guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted, provided the company has already adopted the guidance in Topic 606. A company should only remeasure liability-classified awards that have not been settled by the date of adoption and equity-classified awards for which a measurement date has not been established through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Upon transition, the company is required to measure these nonemployee awards at fair value as of the adoption date. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Acquisitions

The Company accounts for the acquisitions of businesses using the purchase method of accounting. The Company allocates the purchase price to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Purchased identifiable intangible assets typically include subscriber relationships, trade names, domain names held for sale, developed technology and IPR&D. The methodologies used to determine the fair value assigned to subscriber relationships and domain names held for sale are typically based on the excess earnings method that considers the return received from the intangible asset and includes certain expenses and also considers an attrition rate based on the Company’s internal subscriber analysis and an estimate of the average life of the subscribers. The fair value assigned to trade names is typically based on the income approach using a relief from royalty methodology that assumes that the fair value of a trade name can be measured by estimating the cost of licensing and paying a royalty fee for the trade name that the owner of the trade name avoids. The fair value assigned to developed technology typically uses the relief from royalty method. The fair value assigned to IPR&D is based on the relief from royalty method. If applicable, the Company estimates the fair value of contingent consideration payments in determining the purchase price. The contingent consideration is then adjusted to fair value in subsequent periods as an increase or decrease in current earnings in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Acquisitions—2016

WZ (UK) Ltd.

In August 2014, the Company made an aggregate investment of $3.9 million for a joint venture with a 49% ownership interest in WZ (UK) Ltd. ("WZ UK"), which is a provider of technology and sales and marketing services associated with web builder solutions. The Company and the other shareholders of WZ UK entered into a put and call option for the Company to acquire additional equity interests of WZ UK. On January 6, 2016, the Company increased its stake in WZ UK from 49% to 57.5% . Upon the exercise of the option, the Company estimated the fair value of the assets and liabilities in accordance with the guidance for business combinations and estimated that the value of the noncontrolling interest (“NCI”) on January 6, 2016 was $10.8 million . The estimated aggregate purchase price was $22.2 million , which was allocated to goodwill of $21.6 million , intangible assets consisting of subscriber relationships of $4.9 million , and property, plant and equipment of $0.3 million , offset by deferred revenue of $3.3 million and negative working capital of $1.3 million .

Goodwill related to the WZ UK acquisition, which is part of the Company’s web presence reporting segment, is not deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill reflected primarily marketing know-how of the acquired company. Additionally, the Company recorded an $11.4 million gain on this transaction based on the implied value of the 49.0% interest held prior to acquiring the controlling interest. The difference between the initial fair value of the NCI of $10.8 million and the estimated fair value of $30.0 million was being accreted over the option period. Adjustments to the carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest were charged to additional paid-in capital.

Constant Contact, Inc.

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On October 30, 2015, the Company entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which it agreed to acquire all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Constant Contact for $32.00 per share in cash, for a total purchase price of approximately $1.1 billion . The acquisition closed on February 9, 2016.

The aggregate purchase price of $1.1 billion , which was paid in cash at the closing, is being allocated to intangible assets consisting of subscriber relationships, developed technology and trade names of $263.0 million , $83.0 million and $52.0 million , respectively, goodwill of $604.3 million , property and equipment of $39.6 million , and working capital of $184.2 million , offset by a net deferred tax liability of $125.1 million and deferred revenue of $25.2 million . The goodwill reflects the value of expected synergies.

Goodwill related to the acquisition, which is included in the Company’s email marketing reporting unit, is not deductible for tax purposes.

AppMachine

In December 2014, the Company made an aggregate investment of $15.2 million to acquire a 40.0% ownership interest in AppMachine, a developer of software that allows users to build mobile applications for smart devices such as phones and tablets. Under the terms of the investment agreement for AppMachine, the Company was obligated to purchase the remaining 60.0% of AppMachine in three tranches of 20.0% within specified periods if AppMachine achieved a specified minimum revenue threshold within a designated timeframe. The consideration for each of those three tranches was to be calculated as the product of AppMachine’s revenue, as defined in that investment agreement, for the trailing twelve-month period prior to the applicable determination date times a specified multiple based upon year over year revenue growth multiplied by 20.0% .

On July 27, 2016, the Company acquired the remaining 60% equity interest in AppMachine, increasing the Company’s stake to 100% . In connection with the acquisition, the parties terminated the prior investment agreement pursuant to which the Company was obligated to purchase the remaining shares in AppMachine in three tranches. The total consideration based on the new agreement was $22.5 million , of which $5.5 million was paid upon closing, and the remaining $17.0 million (which includes $4.0 million of post-acquisition compensation expense) is payable in annual installments over a period of four years , commencing with June 21, 2017. The net present value of the additional consideration is $11.5 million , which was included in the aggregate purchase price and recorded as deferred consideration in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017. The remaining $1.5 million is being accreted as interest expense. The $4.0 million relating to retention bonuses is being accrued over the employment term associated with these employees.

On the date of acquisition, the Company recognized a loss of $4.9 million that was calculated based on the implied fair value of the investment, which was recorded in other income (expense) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The purchase price of $25.7 million , which consists of the purchase consideration of $13.0 million (at a present value of $11.5 million ) and the carrying value of the existing investment of $13.6 million , partially offset by the loss of $4.9 million , is being allocated on a preliminary basis to intangible assets consisting of the following: subscriber relationships of $0.1 million ; developed technology of $1.7 million ; technology in the process of development of $1.7 million ; goodwill of $21.5 million , property and equipment of $0.6 million ; and working capital of approximately $0.4 million , offset by deferred revenue of $0.2 million and other long term liabilities of $0.1 million . Goodwill related to the acquisition, which is included in the Company’s web presence reporting unit, is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill reflects the value of expected synergies and technology know-how.

Summary of Deferred Consideration Related to Acquisitions

Components of deferred consideration short-term and long-term as of December 31, 2017 , consisted of the following:



	Short- term		Long- term
	(in thousands)
AppMachine (Acquired in 2016)	$	4,365	$	3,551
Total	$	4,365	$	3,551

Components of deferred consideration short-term and long-term as of December 31, 2018 , consisted of the following:

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	Short- term		Long- term
	(in thousands)
AppMachine (Acquired in 2016)	$	2,425	$	1,364
Total	$	2,425	$	1,364

4. Fair Value Measurements

The following valuation hierarchy is used for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows:


•	Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.


•	Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Company’s financial assets required to be measured on a recurring basis consist of the 2015 interest rate cap, the 2018 interest rate cap and certain cash equivalents, which include money market instruments and bank time deposits. The Company has classified these interest rate caps, which are discussed in Note 5. Derivatives and Hedging Activities below, within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company has also classified these cash equivalents within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Basis of Fair Value Measurements



	Balance		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017
Financial assets:
Cash equivalents (included in cash and cash equivalents)	$	5,853	—		$	5,853	$	—
Interest rate cap (included in other assets)	452		—		452		$	—
Total financial assets	$	6,305	$	—	$	6,305	$	—
Balance at December 31, 2018
Financial assets:
Cash equivalents (included in cash and cash equivalents)	$	7,874	—		$	7,874	$	—
Interest rate cap (included in other assets)	2,583		—		2,583		$	—
Total financial assets	$	10,457	$	—	$	10,457	$	—

The Company has classified its liabilities for contingent earn-out consideration related to the Mojo acquisition within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is determined using significant unobservable inputs, which included probability weighted cash flows. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company paid $0.8 million related to the earn-out provisions for the Mojo acquisition, which constituted the final payment for this acquisition. The following table summarizes the changes in the financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as of December 31, 2017

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and 2018 :



	Amount
	(in thousands)
Financial liabilities measured using Level 3 inputs at December 31, 2016	$	818
Payment of contingent earn-outs related to 2012 acquisitions	(818		)
Financial liabilities measured using Level 3 inputs at December 31, 2017	—
Payment of contingent earn-outs related to 2012 acquisitions	—
Financial liabilities measured using Level 3 inputs at December 31, 2018	$	—

5. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company has entered into two three -year interest rate caps as part of its risk management strategy. The interest rate caps, designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, provide for the payment to the Company of variable amounts if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an upfront premium. Therefore, these derivatives limit the Company’s exposure if the interest rate rises, but also allow the Company to benefit when the interest rate falls.

In December 2015, the Company entered into a three -year interest rate cap with a $500.0 million notional value outstanding. This interest rate cap was effective beginning on February 29, 2016. The fair value of this interest rate contract included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 was $0.5 million and $0.5 million , respectively. The Company recognized interest expense of $0.6 million and $1.9 million , respectively, in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , respectively. The Company recognized a $2.1 million gain, net of a tax expense of $0.5 million , in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The Company estimates that a cumulative amount of $0.1 million will be reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (as a decrease to interest expense) in the next twelve months. For the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company recognized a $0.0 million loss in AOCI, net of a tax benefit of $0.0 million .

In June 2018, the Company entered into a three -year interest rate cap with an $800.0 million notional value outstanding. This interest rate cap was effective beginning on August 28, 2018. The fair value of this interest rate contract included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was $2.0 million , and the Company recognized $0.9 million of interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The Company recognized a $2.7 million loss, net of a tax benefit of $0.6 million , in AOCI for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The Company estimates that $1.8 million will be reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (as an increase to interest expense) in the next twelve months.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in AOCI, and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Amounts recorded in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. Any ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. There was no ineffectiveness recorded in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018 .

6. Property and Equipment and Property, Plant and Equipment Financing Obligations

Components of property and equipment consisted of the following:

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	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Land	$	790		$	790
Building	5,037			7,819
Software	82,618			102,259
Computers and office equipment	153,273			157,396
Furniture and fixtures	18,825			19,258
Leasehold improvements	22,260			20,215
Construction in process	3,800			12,314
Property and equipment—at cost	286,603			320,051
Less accumulated depreciation	(191,151		)	(227,776		)
Property and equipment—net	$	95,452		$	92,275

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 was $60.4 million , $55.2 million , and $48.2 million , respectively.

The Company evaluates long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present and undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the fair value of the assets is determined and compared to the carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, then the carrying value of the asset is reduced to the estimated fair value and an impairment loss is charged to expense in the period the impairment is identified.

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Company did not recognize any impairments with respect to its property, plant and equipment.

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Company entered into agreements to finance software licenses for use on certain data center server equipment for terms ranging from twenty-four months to thirty-nine months .

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Company’s software shown in the above table included the software assets under financed equipment was as follows:



	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Software	$	17,256		$	16,715
Less accumulated depreciation	(2,265		)	(6,221		)
Financed equipment—net	$	14,991		$	10,494

At December 31, 2018 , the expected future minimum lease payments under financed equipment discussed above were approximately as follows:



	Amount
	(in thousands)
2019	$	8,676
2020	—
Total minimum lease payments	$	8,676
Less amount representing interest	(297		)
Present value of minimum lease payments (financed equipment)	$	8,379
Current portion	$	8,379
Long-term portion	$	—

7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

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The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s goodwill balances as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 :



	Web presence			Email marketing		Domain			Total
	Amount
	(in thousands)
Goodwill balance at December 31, 2016	$	1,255,604		$	604,305	$	—		$	1,859,909
Reallocation of goodwill	(41,987		)	—		41,987			—
Foreign translation impact	2,802			—		—			2,802
Impairment	—			—		(12,129		)	(12,129		)
Goodwill balance at December 31, 2017	1,216,419			604,305		29,858			1,850,582
Foreign translation impact	(1,517		)	—					(1,517		)
Goodwill balance at December 31, 2018	$	1,214,902		$	604,305	$	29,858		$	1,849,065

In accordance with ASC 350, the Company reviews goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for indicators of impairment on an annual basis, in addition to ad hoc reviews of goodwill if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of goodwill below its carrying amount.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , an impairment charge of $12.1 million was recorded in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) relating to the Company's domain segment. As of December 31, 2018 , the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit’s net assets and, therefore, no impairment existed as of that date. Refer to Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies above for further details.

At December 31, 2017 , other intangible assets consisted of the following:



	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life
	(dollars in thousands)
Developed technology	$	285,911	$	149,514	$	136,397	7 years
Subscriber relationships	659,732		431,938		227,794		7 years
Trade-names	134,054		73,019		61,035		8 years
Intellectual property	34,313		27,336		6,977		5 years
Domain names available for sale	30,458		7,221		23,237		Indefinite
Total December 31, 2017	$	1,144,468	$	689,028	$	455,440

During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company wrote down intellectual property, specifically, certain domain names that generated domain monetization revenue, to fair value and recorded a charge of $18.7 million , which is included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The impairment resulted from diminishing cash flows associated with these assets. This impairment charge was recognized in the Company's domain segment.

At December 31, 2018 , other intangible assets consisted of the following:



	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life
	(dollars in thousands)
Developed technology	$	284,266	$	180,914	$	103,352	7 years
Subscriber relationships	659,515		486,518		172,997		7 years
Trade-names	134,048		84,617		49,431		8 years
Intellectual property	34,263		28,954		5,309		5 years
Domain names available for sale	30,981		9,554		21,427		Indefinite
Total December 31, 2018	$	1,143,073	$	790,557	$	352,516

During the year ended December 31, 2018 , there were no impairment charges of intangible assets.

The estimated useful lives of the individual categories of other intangible assets are based on the nature of the applicable intangible asset and the expected future cash flows to be derived from the intangible asset. Amortization of intangible assets

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with finite lives is recognized over the period of time the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. The Company amortizes finite-lived intangible assets over the period in which the economic benefits are expected to be realized based upon their estimated projected cash flows.

The Company’s amortization expense is included in cost of revenue in the aggregate amounts of $143.6 million , $140.4 million , and $103.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively.

At December 31, 2018 , the expected future amortization of the other intangible assets, excluding indefinite life and in-process research and development intangibles, was approximately as follows:



Year Ending December 31,	Amount
	(in thousands)
2019	$	83,646
2020	70,486
2021	61,490
2022	37,514
2023	18,679
Thereafter	59,274
Total	$	331,089

8. Investments

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Company’s carrying value of investments in privately-held companies was $15.3 million and $15.0 million , respectively.

In January 2012, the Company made an initial investment of $0.3 million to acquire a 25% interest in BlueZone Labs, LLC (“BlueZone”), a provider of “do-it-yourself” tools and managed search engine optimization services.

The Company had an agreement with BlueZone to purchase products and services. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Company purchased $1.7 million and $1.0 million , respectively, of products and services from BlueZone, which is included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , $0.1 million and $0.0 million , respectively, relating to the investment in BlueZone was included in accounts payable and accrued expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , $0.7 million and $0.0 million , respectively, relating to the investment in BlueZone was included in prepaid expenses in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The Company ceased doing business with this investee during fiscal year 2018, and fully impaired the $0.3 million remaining carrying value of this investment during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018. This impairment was recognized in the Company's web presence segment.

In May 2014, the Company made a strategic investment of $15.0 million in Automattic, Inc. (“Automattic”), which provides content management systems associated with WordPress. The investment represents less than 5.0% of the outstanding shares of Automattic and better aligns the Company with an important partner. The investment is accounted for using the measurement alternative under ASU 2016-01 as fair value is not readily available.

On March 3, 2016, the Company purchased a $0.6 million convertible promissory note from a business that provides web and mobile money management solutions, with the potential for subsequent purchases of additional convertible notes. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an impairment expense of $0.6 million in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), as the carrying amount of the investment was deemed unrecoverable. This impairment was recognized in the Company's web presence segment.

On April 8, 2016, the Company made an investment of $5.0 million for a 33.0% equity interest in Fortifico Limited, a company providing a billing, CRM, and affiliate management solution to small and mid-sized businesses. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred a charge of $4.7 million to impair the Company's 33% equity interest in Fortifico Limited, after determining that there were diminishing projected future cash flows on this investment.

Investments in which the Company’s interest is less than 20.0% and which are not classified as available-for-sale securities are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value unless it is determined that the Company exercises significant influence over the investee company, in which case the equity method of accounting is used. For those investments in which the Company’s voting interest is between 20.0% and 50.0% , the equity method of accounting is used. Under this method, the investment balance, originally recorded at cost, is adjusted to recognize the Company’s share of net earnings or losses of the investee company, as they occur, limited to the extent of the Company’s investment in, advances to and commitments for the investee. These adjustments are reflected in equity (income) loss of unconsolidated entities, net of tax in the Company’s

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consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company recognized net loss of $1.3 million , net profit of $0.1 million , and net loss of $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively, related to its investments.

From time to time, the Company may make new and follow-on investments and may receive distributions from investee companies. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company was not obligated to fund any follow-on investments in these investee companies.

As of December 31, 2018 , the Company did not have an equity method investment in which the Company’s proportionate share exceeded 10% of the Company’s consolidated assets or income from continuing operations. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company did not have an equity method investment in which the Company’s proportionate share of net losses exceeded 20% of net loss of the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

9 . Notes Payable

At December 31, 2017 and 2018 , notes payable, net of original issuance discounts (sometimes referred to as "OID") and deferred financing costs, consisted of the following:



	At December 31,
	2017		2018
	(in thousands)
2018 First Lien Term Loan	$	—	$	1,470,085
2017 First Lien Term Loan	1,563,197		—
Senior Notes	329,048		331,576
Revolving Credit Facilities	—		—
Total Notes Payable	1,892,245		1,801,661
Current portion of Notes Payable	33,945		31,606
Notes Payable - long-term	$	1,858,300	$	1,770,055

2018 First Lien Term Loan Facility

In connection with the Company's June 20, 2018 refinancing of its then-outstanding term loans (the "2018 Refinancing"), the Company entered into its current first lien term loan facility (the "2018 Term Loan") with an original balance of $1,580.3 million and a maturity date of February 9, 2023. As of December 31, 2018 , the 2018 Term Loan had an outstanding balance of:



	At December 31,
	2018
	(in thousands)
2018 First Lien Term Loan	$	1,505,002
Unamortized deferred financing costs	(18,556		)
Unamortized original issue discount	(16,361		)
Net 2018 First Lien Term Loan	1,470,085
Current portion of 2018 First Lien Term Loan	31,606
2018 First Lien Term Loan - long term	$	1,438,479

The 2018 Term Loan was issued at par and automatically bears interest at an alternate base rate unless the Company gives notice to opt for the LIBOR-based interest rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate for the 2018 Term Loan is 3.75% per annum plus the greater of an adjusted LIBOR or 1.00% . The alternate base rate for the 2018 Term Loan is 2.75% per annum plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% , an adjusted LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.00% and 2.00% .

The 2018 Term Loan requires quarterly mandatory repayments of principal. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , following the 2018 Refinancing, the Company made three mandatory repayments of $7.9 million each and three voluntary repayments in the aggregate amount of $51.6 million .

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Interest is payable on maturity of the elected interest period for a term loan with LIBOR-based interest rate, which interest period can be one, two, three or six months. Interest is payable at the end of each fiscal quarter for a term loan with an alternate base rate.

2017 First Lien Term Loan Facility

The Company's prior first lien term loan facility (the "2017 Term Loan") was entered into in connection with the Company's June 14, 2017 refinancing of its then-outstanding term loans (the "2017 Refinancing"). The 2017 Term Loan had an original balance of $1,697.3 million and a maturity date of February 9, 2023. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the 2017 Term Loan had an outstanding balance of:



	At December 31,
	2017			2018
	(in thousands)
2017 First Lien Term Loan	$	1,605,792		$	—
Unamortized deferred financing costs	(22,456		)	—
Unamortized original issue discount	(20,139		)	—
Net 2017 First Lien Term Loan	1,563,197			—
Current portion of 2017 First Lien Term Loan	33,945			—
2017 First Lien Term Loan - long term	$	1,529,252		$	—

The 2017 Term Loan was issued at a price of 99.75% of par and automatically bore interest at an alternate rate unless the Company gave notice to opt for the LIBOR-based interest rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate was 4.00% per annum plus the greater of an adjusted LIBOR and 1.00% . The alternate base rate for the 2017 Term Loan was 3.00% per annum plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% , an adjusted LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.00% , and 2.00% .

The 2017 Term Loan required quarterly mandatory repayments of principal. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , prior to the 2018 Refinancing, the Company made one mandatory repayment of $8.5 million and one voluntary prepayment of $17.0 million .

Interest was payable on maturity of the elected interest period for a term loan with a LIBOR-based interest rate, which interest period could be one, two, three or six months. Interest was payable at the end of each fiscal quarter for a term loan with an alternate base rate.

As part of the 2018 Refinancing, the Company refinanced the then-outstanding 2017 Term Loan balance of $1,580.3 million .

Revolving Credit Facility

In connection with the Company's February 9, 2016 acquisition of Constant Contact and the related financing of that transaction (the "Constant Contact Financing"), the Company entered into a revolving facility (the “2016 Revolver”), that replaced the Company’s prior revolving credit facility. The 2016 Revolver has an aggregate available amount of $165.0 million . As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Company did not have any balances outstanding under the 2016 Revolver and the full amount of the facility was unused and available.

In June 2018, the Company extended the maturity of a portion of the 2016 Revolver. The 2016 Revolver consists of a non-extended tranche of approximately $58.8 million and an extended tranche of approximately $106.2 million . The non-extended tranche has a maturity date of February 9, 2021. The extended tranche has a maturity date of June 20, 2023, with a "springing" maturity date of November 10, 2022 if the 2018 Term Loan has not been repaid in full or otherwise extended to September 19, 2023 or later prior to November 10, 2022.

The Company has the ability to draw down against the 2016 Revolver using a LIBOR-based interest rate or an alternate based interest rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate for a non-extended revolving loan is 4.0% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) and for an extended revolving loan is 3.25% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down), in each plus an adjusted LIBOR for a selected interest period. The alternate base rate for a non-extended revolving loan is 3.0% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) and for an extended revolving loan is 2.25% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step down), in each case plus the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and an adjusted LIBOR or a one-month interest period plus 1.00% . There is also a non-refundable commitment fee, equal to 0.50% per annum (subject to a leverage-based step-down) of the daily unused principal amount of the 2016 Revolver, which is payable in arrears

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on the last day of each fiscal quarter. Interest is payable on maturity of the elected interest period for a revolver loan with a LIBOR-based interest rate, which interest period can be one, two, three or six months. Interest is payable at the end of each fiscal quarter for a revolver loan with an alternate base rate.

Senior Notes

In connection with the Constant Contact Financing, EIG Investors issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes (the “Senior Notes”) with a maturity date of February 1, 2024. The Senior Notes were issued at a price of 98.065% of par and bear interest at the rate of 10.875% per annum. The Senior Notes have been fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior unsecured basis, by the Company and its subsidiaries that guarantee the 2018 Term Loan and the 2016 Revolver (including Constant Contact and certain of its subsidiaries). The Company has the right to redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at any time for a premium which is based on the applicable redemption date. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the Senior Notes had an outstanding balance of:



	As of December 31,
	2017			2018
	(in thousands)
Senior Notes	$	350,000		$	350,000
Unamortized deferred financing costs	(15,280		)	(13,436		)
Unamortized original issue discounts	(5,672		)	(4,988		)
Net Senior Notes	329,048			331,576
Current portion of Senior Notes	—			—
Senior Notes - long term	$	329,048		$	331,576

Interest on the Senior Notes is payable twice a year, on August 1 and February 1.

On January 30, 2017, the Company completed a registered exchange offer for the Senior Notes, as required under the registration rights agreement it entered into with the initial purchasers of the Senior Notes. All of the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes was validly tendered for exchange as part of this exchange offer.

Maturity of Notes Payable

The maturity of the notes payable at December 31, 2018 is as follows:



	Amounts
Maturity date as of December 31,	(in thousands)
2019	$	31,606
2020	31,606
2021	31,606
2022	31,606
2023	1,378,578
Thereafter	350,000
Total	$	1,855,002

Interest

The Company recorded $152.9 million , $157.1 million , and $149.5 million in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively.

The following table provides a summary of loan interest rates incurred and interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 :

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	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest rate—LIBOR	4.49%-7.75%			5.14%-6.68%			5.46%-6.44%
Interest rate—alternate base	6.75%-8.75%			*			*
Interest rate—Notes	10.875		%	10.875		%	10.875		%
Non-refundable fee—unused facility	0.50		%	0.50		%	0.50		%
Interest expense and service fees	$	140,470		$	138,041		$	136,094
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$	—		$	992		$	331
Deferred financing costs immediately expensed	$	—		$	5,487		$	1,228
Amortization of deferred financing fees	$	6,073		$	7,316		$	6,454
Amortization of original issue discounts	$	2,970		$	3,860		$	4,305
Amortization of net present value of deferred consideration	$	2,617		$	632		$	373
Other interest expense	$	758		$	814		$	695
Total interest expense	$	152,888		$	157,142		$	149,480

* The Company did not have debt bearing interest based on the alternate base rate for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 .

The Company concluded that the 2017 Refinancing was primarily a debt modification of the existing term loans in accordance with ASC 470-50, Debt: Modifications and Extinguishments, with extinguishment relating only to a few existing lenders that did not participate in the 2017 Refinancing. As a result, during the second quarter of 2017, the Company capitalized $4.2 million of additional OID and $0.9 million of deferred financing costs related to new lenders participating in the 2017 Term Loan. These capitalized costs will be amortized over the remaining life of the loan using the effective interest method. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a charge of $1.0 million , included in interest expense, to write off OID and deferred financing costs related to the refinanced debt for lenders not participating in the 2017 Term Loan. Lastly, the Company recorded a charge of $5.5 million during the second quarter of 2017, included in interest expense, for deferred financing costs incurred for the 2017 Term Loan that related to existing lenders that carried over from the refinanced debt.

The Company concluded that the 2018 Refinancing was primarily a debt modification of the existing term loan in accordance with ASC 470-50, Debt: Modifications and Extinguishments , with extinguishment relating only to one existing lender that did not participate in the 2018 Refinancing. As a result, during the second quarter of 2018, the Company capitalized $0.4 million of deferred financing costs related to new lenders participating in the 2018 Term Loan. These capitalized costs will be amortized over the remaining life of the loan using the effective interest method. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2018,the Company recorded a charge of $0.3 million , included in interest expense, to write off OID and deferred financing costs related to the refinanced debt for the lender not participating in the 2018 Term Loan. Lastly, the Company recorded a charge of $1.2 million during the second quarter of 2018, included in interest expense, for deferred financing costs incurred for the 2018Term Loan that related to existing lenders that carried over from the refinanced debt.

Debt Covenants

The 2018 Term Loan and the 2016 Revolver (together, the "Senior Credit Facilities") require that the Company complies with a financial covenant to maintain a maximum ratio of consolidated senior secured net indebtedness to an adjusted consolidated EBITDA measure.

The Senior Credit Facilities also contain covenants that limit the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of capital stock; make other restricted payments; make certain investments; sell or transfer certain assets; create liens on certain assets to secure debt; consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets; and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions.

Additionally, the Senior Credit Facilities require the Company to comply with certain negative covenants and specify certain events of default that could result in amounts becoming payable, in whole or in part, prior to their maturity dates.

With the exception of certain equity interests and other excluded assets under the terms of the Senior Credit Facilities, substantially all of the Company's assets are pledged as collateral for the obligations under the Senior Credit Facilities. The indenture with respect to the Notes contains covenants that limit the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of capital stock; make other restricted payments; make certain investments; sell or transfer certain assets; create liens on certain assets to secure debt;

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consolidate, merge sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets; and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. Upon a change of control as defined in the indenture, the Company must offer to repurchase the Notes at 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but not including, the repurchase date. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions.

The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2018 .

10. Stockholders’ Equity

Voting Rights

All holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share.

11. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation , or ASC 718, which requires employee stock-based payments to be accounted for under the fair value method. Under this method, the Company is required to record compensation cost based on the estimated fair value for stock-based awards granted over the requisite service periods for the individual awards, which generally equals the vesting periods. The Company uses the straight-line amortization method for recognizing stock-based compensation expense.

The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of highly subjective estimates and assumptions. For restricted stock awards and units granted, the Company estimates the fair value of each restricted stock award and unit based on the closing trading price of its common stock on the date of grant.

2013 Stock Incentive Plan

The Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) of the Company became effective upon the closing of the Company's IPO. The 2013 Plan provides for the grant of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisers of the Company. Under the 2013 Plan, the Company may issue up to 38,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. At December 31, 2018 , there were 16,805,174 shares available for grant under the 2013 Plan.

2011 Stock Incentive Plan

As of February 9, 2016, the effective date of the acquisition of Constant Contact, the Company assumed and converted certain outstanding equity awards granted by Constant Contact under the Constant Contact 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) prior to the effective date of the acquisition (the “Assumed Awards”) into corresponding equity awards with respect to shares of the Company’s common stock. In addition, the Company assumed certain shares of Constant Contact common stock, par value $0.01 per share, available for issuance under the 2011 Plan (the “Available Shares”), which are available for future issuance under the 2011 Plan in satisfaction of the vesting, exercise or other settlement of options and other equity awards that may be granted by the Company following the effective date of the acquisition of Constant Contact in reliance on the prior approval of the 2011 Plan by the stockholders of Constant Contact. The Assumed Awards were converted into 2,143,987 stock options and 2,202,846 restricted stock units with respect to the Company’s common stock and the Available Shares were converted into 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for future awards under the 2011 Plan. At December 31, 2018 , there were 8,458,904 shares available for grant under the 2011 Plan.

The Company calculated the fair value of the exchanged awards in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 as of the acquisition date. The Company allocated the fair value of these awards between the pre-acquisition and post-acquisition stock-based compensation expense. The Company determined that the value of the awards under this plan was $22.3 million , of which $5.4 million was attributed to the pre-acquisition period and recognized as part of the purchase consideration for Constant Contact. The balance of $16.9 million has been attributed to the post-acquisition period, and is being recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) over the vesting period of the awards.

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The following table presents total stock-based compensation expense recorded in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for all awards granted under the Company’s 2013 Plan and the 2011 Plan:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	5,855	$	6,135	$	3,823
Sales and marketing	8,702		8,658		5,418
Engineering and development	5,989		6,090		4,495
General and administrative	37,721		39,118		15,328
Total operating expense	$	58,267	$	60,001	$	29,064

2013 Stock Incentive Plan

For stock options issued under the 2013 Plan, the fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant, and upon the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company accounts for forfeitures as they are incurred. Unless otherwise approved by the Company’s board of directors, stock options typically vest over a three - or four -year period and the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards and determine the related compensation expense. The weighted-average assumptions used to compute stock-based compensation expense for awards granted under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 are as follows:



	2016		2017		2018
Risk-free interest rate	1.5	%	2.2	%	2.9	%
Expected volatility	53.1	%	50.5	%	47.8	%
Expected life (in years)	6.25		6.25		6.00
Expected dividend yield	—		—		—

The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. The Company bases its estimate of expected volatility using blended volatility data from the Company's common stock and from comparable public companies in similar industries and markets because there is currently limited public history for the Company’s common stock, and therefore, a lack of market-based company-specific historical and implied volatility information. The weighted-average expected life for employee options reflects the application of the simplified method, which represents the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted-average vesting period for all option tranches. The simplified method has been used since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to a limited history of stock option grants. The assumed dividend yield was based on the Company’s expectation of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

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The following table provides a summary of the Company’s stock options as of December 31, 2018 and the stock option activity for all stock options granted under the 2013 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands except exercise price):



	Stock Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value(3)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	8,575,150		$	12.30
Granted	611,010		$	7.50
Exercised	(20,584	)	$	8.09
Forfeited	(314,940	)	$	12.70
Canceled	(1,528,343	)	$	13.57
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	7,322,293		$	11.62	4.8	$	—
Exercisable as of December 31, 2018	5,681,927		$	12.34	3.8	$	—
Expected to vest after December 31, 2018(1)	1,640,366		$	9.13	8.3	$	—
Exercisable as of December 31, 2018 and expected to vest thereafter(2)	7,322,293		$	11.62	4.8	$	—


(1)	This represents the number of unvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2018 that are expected to vest in the future.


(2)	This represents the number of vested options as of December 31, 2018 plus the number of unvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2018 that are expected to vest in the future.


(3)	The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the positive difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2018 of $6.65 per share, or the date of exercise, as appropriate, and the exercise price of the underlying options.

Restricted stock awards granted under the 2013 Plan generally vest annually over a four -year period, unless otherwise determined by the Company’s board of directors. Performance-based restricted stock awards are earned based on the achievement of performance criteria established by the Company’s compensation committee and board of directors. The following table provides a summary of the Company’s restricted stock award activity for the 2013 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 :



	Restricted Stock Awards		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2017	3,432,946		$	13.79
Granted	—		$	—
Vested	(836,723	)	$	12.24
Canceled	(2,152,976	)	$	14.82
Non-vested at December 31, 2018	443,247		$	11.67

Restricted stock units granted under the 2013 Plan generally vest annually over a three -year period, unless otherwise determined by the Company’s board of directors. The following table provides a summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity for the 2013 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 :



	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
December 31, 2017	3,004,137		$	7.93
Granted	3,983,782		$	7.58
Vested	(1,211,367	)	$	9.07
Canceled	(573,293	)	$	7.75
December 31, 2018	5,203,259		$	7.69

2015 Performance Based Award

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During fiscal year 2015, the Company granted a performance-based restricted stock award to the Company's chief executive officer at that time, Hari Ravichandran, which provided for the opportunity to earn up to 3,693,754 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Award Shares") over a three-year period beginning July 1, 2015 and ending on June 30, 2018 (the "Performance Period"). Award Shares could be earned based on the Company achieving pre-established threshold, target and maximum performance metrics.This performance-based award was evaluated quarterly to determine the probability of its vesting and to determine the amount of stock-based compensation to be recognized.

In April 2017, the Company announced that its board of directors and Mr. Ravichandran adopted a transition plan. As a result of this transition, Mr. Ravichandran's employment with the Company ended during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017. Upon the end of his employment, in accordance with the terms of the award, Mr. Ravichandran received the Award Shares earned in the quarters completed prior to the separation, plus the number of Award Shares that would have been earned in the quarter in which the separation occurred, which amounted to an aggregate of 1,661,439 shares. The unearned 2,032,315 shares were forfeited. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2016, the Company recorded compensation expense of $5.9 million and $6.8 million , respectively, in connection with this award. The final compensation charges in connection with this award of $12.1 million were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017.

2016 Performance Based Awards

On February 16, 2016, the compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company approved the grant of performance-based restricted stock awards to the Company’s chief financial officer (“CFO”), chief operating officer (“COO”) at that time, and chief administrative officer (“CAO”) at that time. Based on the Company's achievement of Constant Contact revenue, adjusted EBITDA and cash flow metrics, each executive earned the maximum number of shares subject to his or her award. The CFO earned 223,214 shares of the Company’s stock, the COO earned 260,416 shares of the Company’s stock, and the CAO earned 148,810 shares of the Company’s stock. These earned shares vested on March 31, 2017. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized $4.1 million of stock-based compensation expense related to these performance-based awards. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized $1.2 million of stock-based compensation expense related to these performance-based awards.

New CEO Award

On August 11, 2017, the Company and Jeffrey H. Fox entered into an employment agreement (the "Employment Agreement") appointing Mr. Fox as the Company's president and chief executive officer effective upon his employment start date (the "Effective Date") of August 22, 2017. The Employment Agreement provides for Mr. Fox to receive, on the Effective Date, an equity award under the 2013 Plan with a total value of $10,375,000 as of August 11, 2017, split between and award of 1,032,500 restricted stock units (the "RSU Award") and an option to purchase 612,419 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Stock Option Grant").

Two Hundred Eighty-Two Thousand Five Hundred ( 282,500 ) of the restricted stock units subject to the RSU Award vested immediately on the Effective Date, but are subject to a requirement that Mr. Fox hold the shares underlying such restricted stock units until the earlier of the third anniversary of the Effective Date, his death or disability (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or a change in control of the company (as defined in the Employment Agreement). The Company recorded a charge of $2.2 million for these immediately vested shares during the year ended December 31, 2017. The remaining 750,000 restricted stock units subject to the RSU Award will vest over a three -year period, with 250,000 of such restricted stock units vesting annually on the anniversary of the Effective Date. The Stock Option Grant will vest over a three -year period, with one-third of the total number of shares subject to the Stock Option Grant vesting on the first anniversary of the Effective Date and the remainder vesting in equally monthly installments thereafter.

2011 Stock Incentive Plan

For stock options issued under the 2011 Plan, the fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant. Unless otherwise approved by the Company’s board of directors, stock options typically vest over a three - or a four years period and the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option simplified pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards and determine the related compensation expense. The weighted-average assumptions used to compute stock-based compensation expense for awards granted under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 are as

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follows:



	2017		2018
Risk-free interest rate	1.98	%	*
Expected volatility	49.6	%	*
Expected life (in years)	4.75		*
Expected dividend yield	—		—

* There were no stock options granted under the 2011 plan for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s stock options as of December 31, 2018 and the stock option activity for all stock options granted under the 2011 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 :



	Stock Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value(3) (In thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	888,260		$	8.75
Granted	—		$	—
Exercised	(110,820	)	$	6.50
Forfeited	(19,016	)	$	10.82
Canceled	(43,320	)	$	9.39
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	715,104		$	9.00	3.4	$	134
Exercisable as of December 31, 2018	573,124		$	8.86	3.2	$	134
Expected to vest after December 31, 2018(1)	141,980		$	9.57	4.3	$	—
Exercisable as of December 31, 2018 and expected to vest thereafter(2)	715,104		$	9.00	3.4	$	134


(1)	This represents the number of unvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2018 that are expected to vest in the future.


(2)	This represents the number of vested options as of December 31, 2018 plus the number of unvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2018 that are expected to vest in the future.


(3)	The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the positive difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2018 of $6.65 per share, or the date of exercise, as appropriate, and the exercise price of the underlying options.

Unless otherwise determined by the Company’s board of directors, restricted stock units granted under the 2011 Plan generally vest annually over a three or four -year period. The following table provides a summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity for the 2011 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 :



	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2017	1,541,141		$	8.30
Granted	41,379		$	7.25
Vested	(591,741	)	$	8.24
Canceled	(122,753	)	$	8.54
Non-vested at December 31, 2018	868,026		$	8.26

2016 Award Obligations

For the year ended December 31, 2016, stock-based compensation expense included $0.7 million of equity award obligations pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue shares of common stock upon the achievement of certain conditions, of which $0.3 million was recorded in sales and marketing expense, $0.1 million was recorded in engineering and development expense, and $0.3 million was recorded in general and administrative expense within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2016. This amount was included in accrued

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expenses at December 31, 2017, and would be reclassified against additional paid in capital upon issuance of the shares. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred stock-based compensation expense of $1.2 million relating to these 2016 award obligations, all of which was recorded in sales and marketing expense within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2017. All of the shares issued pursuant to the 2016 equity award obligations were issued during the year ended December 31, 2017 and were reclassified against additional paid in capital at that time.

Under both plans combined, as of December 31, 2018 , the Company has approximately $7.3 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to option awards that will be recognized over 1.4 years and approximately $37.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards and units that will be recognized over approximately 1.9 years .

12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax were as follows:



	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(2,395	)	$	(1,271	)	$	(3,666	)
Other comprehensive income	3,091			34			3,125
Balance at December 31, 2017	696			(1,237		)	(541		)
Other comprehensive loss	(2,233		)	(437		)	(2,670		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(1,537	)	$	(1,674	)	$	(3,211	)

13. Revenue

Adoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

The Company recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $59.4 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with the impact primarily related to customer acquisition costs. The impact to revenue and customer acquisition costs during the year ended December 31, 2018 was a decrease of $0.6 million and $0.6 million , respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company recognized $1,145.3 million of revenue, the majority of which was derived from contracts with customers.

During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company did not incur any impairment losses on any receivables or contract assets arising from the Company’s contracts with customers.

During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company did not incur any credit losses on any receivables or contract assets arising from the Company’s contracts with customers.

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers based on the timing of revenue recognition. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. As discussed in Note 21 . Segment Information , the Company business consists of the web presence, domain and email marketing segments. The following table presents disaggregated revenues by category for the year ended December 31, 2018 :

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	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Web presence		Email marketing		Domain		Total
	(in thousands)
Subscription-based revenue
Direct revenue from subscriptions	$	561,583	$	404,533	$	52,016	$	1,018,132
Professional services	13,414		1,373		401		15,188
Reseller revenue	21,587		3,537		51,754		76,878
Total subscription-based revenue	$	596,584	$	409,443	$	104,171	$	1,110,198

Non-subscription-based revenue
MDF	$	7,842	$	609	$	789	$	9,240
Premium domains	84		—		20,025		20,109
Domain parking	805		—		4,939		5,744
Total non-subscription-based revenue	$	8,731	$	609	$	25,753	$	35,093

Total revenue:	$	605,315	$	410,052	$	129,924	$	1,145,291

Subscriber revenue is primarily recognized over time, when the services are performed, except for third party products for which the Company acts as an agent. Revenue from third party products for which the Company acts as an agent is recognized at a point in time, when the revenue is earned.

Revenue, classified by the major geographic areas in which the Company’s customers are located, was as follows for the year ended December 31, 2018 :



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Web presence		Email marketing		Domain		Total
	(in thousands)
Domestic	$	405,928	$	376,974	$	50,962	$	833,864
International	199,387		33,078		78,962		311,427
Total	$	605,315	$	410,052	$	129,924	$	1,145,291

14. Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

As described in Note 3 - Acquisitions , on January 6, 2016, the Company acquired a controlling interest in WZ UK. In connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded redeemable NCI of $10.8 million . In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, Accounting for Redeemable Equity Securities, the difference between the $10.8 million fair value of the redeemable NCI and the $30 million value that was expected to be paid upon exercise of the put option was being accreted over the option period. Adjustments to the carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest were charged to additional paid-in capital.

Throughout the balance of fiscal year 2016, the Company acquired additional equity interests in WZ UK for an aggregate price of $33.4 million , which increased the Company's ownership from 57.5% to 86.4% . As part of the agreement to acquire these additional interests, the Company agreed to acquire the remaining 13.6% of WZ UK for $25.0 million , under certain circumstances. Based on the Company's fair value measurement of the NCI using market multiples and discounted cash flows, the Company determined that the estimated fair value of the non-controlling interest was below the expected redemption amount of $25.0 million , which resulted in $14.2 million of excess accretion that reduced income available to common shareholders for the period starting on the date of the restructuring through the redemption date of July 1, 2017. The Company recognized excess accretion of $6.8 million and $7.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, which is reflected in net loss attributable to accretion of non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). On July 7, 2017, the Company redeemed the remaining redeemable non-controlling interest for $25.0 million .

15 . Income Taxes

The following table presents domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes for the periods presented:

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	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(in thousands)
United States	$	(137,197	)	$	(117,715	)	$	(52,029	)
Foreign	(52,593		)	540			50,584
Total income (loss) before income taxes	$	(189,790	)	$	(117,175	)	$	(1,445	)

The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(in thousands)
Current:
U.S. federal	$	328		$	319		$	(4,000	)
State	744			2,610			2,772
Foreign	2,312			2,597			5,420
Total current provision	3,384			5,526			4,192
Deferred:
U.S. federal	(44,447		)	(36,854		)	(4,671		)
State	(6,225		)	(3,243		)	236
Foreign	(10,037		)	9,377			10,435
Change in valuation allowance	(52,533		)	7,913			(16,438		)
Total deferred provision	(113,242		)	(22,807		)	(10,438		)
Total benefit	$	(109,858	)	$	(17,281	)	$	(6,246	)

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily attributable to a $9.6 million federal and state deferred tax benefit, a foreign deferred tax benefit of $0.8 million , and a federal and state current income tax benefit of $1.3 million , offset by foreign current tax expense of $5.4 million . This aggregate tax benefit of $10.4 million is inclusive of $2.2 million of reserves provided during the year ended December 31, 2018 for unrecognized tax benefits.

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to a federal and state deferred tax benefit of $21.8 million (which includes a $16.9 million tax benefit pertaining to the federal tax rate change as a result of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 and the identification and recognition of $1.2 million of U.S. federal and state tax credits) and a foreign deferred tax benefit of $1.0 million , offset by a provision for federal and state current income taxes of $2.9 million and foreign current tax expense of $2.6 million . This aggregate tax benefit of $17.3 million is inclusive of $1.8 million of reserves provided during the year ended December 31, 2017 for unrecognized tax benefits.

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to a $52.5 million change in the valuation allowance, a federal and state deferred tax benefit of $50.7 million (which includes the identification and recognition of $9.2 million of U.S. federal and state tax credits), and a foreign deferred tax benefit of $10.0 million , partially offset by a provision for federal and state current income taxes of $1.1 million and foreign current tax expense of $2.3 million . The deferred tax benefits recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016, including the change in the valuation allowance, were primarily attributable to the acquisition of Constant Contact, which resulted in the recognition of a significant amount of deferred tax liabilities which offset previously recorded deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance was previously provided.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company's income tax benefit based on statutory income tax rates and the actual income tax benefit, for the periods presented:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
U.S. federal taxes at statutory rate	$	(67,103	)	$	(40,973	)	$	(303	)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	(1,781		)	(749		)	265
Non-deductible stock-based compensation	2,883			9,265			3,906
Non-deductible transaction costs	5,471			—			1,538
Non-taxable loss on redemption of equity interest	—			—			9,230
Credits	(8,847		)	(1,247		)	(5,659		)
Foreign rate differential	8,737			(1,404		)	369
Change in valuation allowance—U.S.	(60,438		)	18,777			(5,199		)
Change in valuation allowance—foreign	7,905			(10,864		)	(11,239		)
Rate change	(768		)	(8,809		)	694
Foreign attribute - write-off	—			9,261			—
Permanent differences and other	4,083			9,462			153
Total	$	(109,858	)	$	(17,281	)	$	(6,246	)

The benefit for income taxes shown on the consolidated statements of operations differs considerably from amounts that would result from applying the statutory tax rates to income before taxes primarily because of U.S. net operating losses historically incurred, which offset federal income taxes, but do not fully offset state or foreign income taxes. In addition, acquisitions and the recent changes in U.S. tax law that limit the deductibility of interest expenses have impacted the calculation of deferred tax liabilities and created variability in deferred income tax benefit from period to period. Lastly, the Company provides a valuation allowance against most of its deferred tax assets, which prevents recognition of certain deferred tax assets and results in further variability in deferred income tax benefit from period to period.

The significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:



	As of December 31,
	2017			2018
Deferred income tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forward	$	47,098		$	39,765
Credit carryforward	27,337			33,526
Interest expense limitation carryforward	—			14,711
Deferred compensation	215			179
Deferred revenue	19,729			3,752
Other reserves	(72		)	2,549
Stock-based compensation	14,887			11,673
Other, net	(327		)	977
Total deferred income tax assets	108,867			107,132
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Purchased intangible assets	(47,580		)	(29,855		)
Goodwill	(27,922		)	(35,400		)
Property and equipment	(9,024		)	(11,183		)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	(84,526		)	(76,438		)
Valuation allowance	(44,068		)	(47,151		)
Net deferred income tax liabilities	$	(19,727	)	$	(16,457	)

The Company regularly assesses its ability to realize its deferred tax assets. Assessing the realization of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. In determining whether its deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable, the Company evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, and weighted the evidence based on its objectivity. Evidence the Company considered included:


•	Net Operating Losses ("NOL") incurred from the Company's inception to December 31, 2017;


•	Expiration of various federal and state tax attributes;

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•	Reversals of existing temporary differences;


•	Composition and cumulative amounts of existing temporary differences; and


•	Forecasted profit before tax.

The Company assessed its ability to realize its U.S. deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2018 and determined that it was more likely than not that the Company would not realize $43.0 million of net deferred tax assets. The Company assessed its ability to realize its foreign deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2018 and determined that it was more likely than not that the Company would not realize $3.3 million of net deferred tax assets in the Netherlands, $0.4 million of net deferred tax assets in India, $0.2 million in deferred tax assets in Israel and $0.2 million of net deferred tax assets in China.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had NOL carry-forwards available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income of approximately $108.9 million and future state taxable income of approximately $115.5 million . These NOL carry-forwards expire on various dates through 2038.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had NOL carry-forwards in foreign jurisdictions available to offset future foreign taxable income by approximately $13.8 million . The Company has loss carry-forwards that begin to expire in 2021 in China totaling $0.9 million . The Company has loss carry-forwards that begin to expire in 2020 in the Netherlands totaling $12.1 million . The Company has loss carryforwards that begin to expire in 2020 in India totaling $0.6 million . The Company also has loss carry-forwards in Singapore of $0.3 million which has an indefinite carry-forward period.

In addition, the Company has $29.2 million of U.S. federal capital loss carry-forwards and $12.9 million in state capital loss-forwards, generally expiring through 2023. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had U.S. tax credit carry-forwards available to offset future U.S. federal and state taxes of approximately $23.7 million and $12.4 million , respectively. These credit carry-forwards expire on various dates through 2038. Due to provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the Company has a carryforward of disallowed interest expense of $61.2 million , which has an indefinite carryforward period.

Utilization of the NOL carry-forwards may be subject to an annual limitation due to the ownership percentage change limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 382 limitation”). Ownership changes can limit the amount of net operating loss and other tax attributes that a company can use each year to offset future taxable income and taxes payable. In connection with a change in control in 2011, the Company was subject to Section 382 annual limitation of $77.1 million , which was in excess of the actual NOLs available. Therefore, these NOLs were not impacted by this limitation. The Company performed additional Section 382 analysis following its IPO during the year ended December 31, 2013, and after additional offerings of its common stock during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, and determined that no additional Section 382 limitations applied. The acquisition of Constant Contact during the year ended December 31, 2016 was considered a change of control under Section 382 for Constant Contact, however, the amount of the limitation exceeded the amount of NOLs and other tax attributes available at the time of the acquisition, therefore, these NOLs and tax attributes were not adversely impacted by these limitations. As a result, all unused NOL carry-forwards at December 31, 2018 are available for future use to offset taxable income.

As of the date of the Company’s acquisition of Constant Contact, Constant Contact had approximately $60.2 million and $32.4 million of federal and state NOLs, respectively, and approximately $10.9 million of U.S. federal research and development credits and $9.2 million of state credits. These losses and credits are not subject to limitation under Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383.

The Company recognizes, in its consolidated financial statements, the effect of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. The Company has unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions of $1.1 million and $4.4 million at December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, that would affect its effective tax rate. The Company records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expense. The Company recognized immaterial interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, and $0.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2018.

The Company does not expect a significant change in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months.



Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017	$	1,129
Addition for tax positions of prior years	887
Addition for tax positions of current year	2,365
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2018	$	4,381

The Company conducts business globally and, as a result, its subsidiaries file income tax returns in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions and various foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to examination

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by taxing authorities throughout the world, including such major jurisdictions as Brazil, India, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States.

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by tax authorities throughout the world. Since the Company is in a loss carry-forward position, the Company is generally subject to U.S. federal and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for all years for which a loss carry-forward is utilized. The Company's Constant Contact subsidiary is currently under an Internal Revenue Service audit in the United States for the periods ended December 31, 2015 and February 9, 2016 (short period), India for fiscal years ended March 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 and Israel for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. At this time, the Company does not expect material changes as a result of the audits.

The statute of limitations in the Company’s other tax jurisdictions, in the United Kingdom and Brazil, remains open for various periods between 2014 and the present. However, carryforward attributes from prior years may still be adjusted upon examination by tax authorities if they are used in an open period.

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which significantly changed the existing U.S. tax laws, including a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, a limitation on the deductibility of interest expenses, a move from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, as well as other changes. As a result of enactment of the legislation, we incurred an additional one-time income tax benefit on the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities in the amount of $16.9 million . The legislation also introduced substantial international tax reform that moves the U.S. toward a territorial system, in which income earned in other countries will generally not be subject to U.S. taxation. The accumulated foreign earnings of U.S. shareholders of certain foreign corporations will be subject to a one-time transition tax. Amounts held in cash or cash equivalents will be subject to a 15.5 percent tax, while amounts held in illiquid assets will be subject to an eight percent tax. Due to an accumulated deficit in the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries, the one-time transition tax will not apply to the Company.

Permanent Reinvestment of Foreign Earnings

As of December 31, 2018 , the cumulative amount of undistributed earnings of the Company's foreign subsidiaries amounted to $31.8 million . The Company has not provided U.S. taxes on these undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries that it considers indefinitely reinvested. This indefinite reinvestment determination is based on the future operational and capital requirements of the Company's domestic and foreign operations. The Company expects that the cash held by its foreign subsidiaries of $26.1 million will continue to be used for its foreign operations and therefore does not anticipate repatriating these funds.

Included within the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 were changes to Subpart F rules and a requirement for taxation of the aggregate net unrepatriated foreign earnings accumulated before January 1, 2018. These changes did not impact the Company in 2017 and the Company does not expect the Subpart F changes to have a material impact in the future. Except for Subpart F income, the Company has not provided taxes for the remaining $31.8 million of undistributed earnings of its profitable foreign subsidiaries because the Company plans to keep these amounts permanently reinvested overseas except for instances where it can remit such earnings to the U.S. without an associated net tax cost. If the Company decides to repatriate the foreign earnings, it would need to adjust its income tax provision in the period it determines that the earnings will no longer be indefinitely invested outside the United States. Due to the timing and circumstances of repatriation of such earnings, if any, it is not practicable to determine the unrecognized deferred tax liability relating to such amounts.

Adoption of ASU 2016-09

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting , or ASU 2016-09. ASU 2016-09 intends to simplify various aspects of how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. The main provisions include: all tax effects related to stock awards will now be recorded through the income statement instead of through equity, all tax-related cash flows resulting from stock awards will be reported as operating activities on the cash flow statement, and entities can make an accounting policy election to either estimate forfeitures or account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in ASU 2016-09, required to be updated for all annual periods and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, were adopted early by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2016 and were applied to its related consolidated financial statements on a prospective basis. The adoption of these amendments had an impact of $0.9 million on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) through December 31, 2016 due to the reclassification of shortfalls from additional paid in capital. The Company also elected to account for forfeitures as they occur with no adjustment for estimated

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forfeitures, which had an impact of $0.9 million to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

As previously mentioned, as a result of prior guidance that required excess tax benefits reduce taxes payable prior to recognition as an increase in paid in capital, the Company had not recognized certain deferred tax assets (loss carry-forwards) that could be attributed to tax deductions related to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting. As of January 1, 2016, the Company had generated U.S. federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards due to excess tax benefits of $1.5 million and $0.7 million , respectively.

16. Severance and Other Exit Costs

The Company evaluates its data center, sales and marketing, support and engineering operations and the general and administrative function on an ongoing basis in an effort to optimize its cost structure. As a result, the Company may incur charges for employee severance, exiting facilities and restructuring data center commitments and other related costs.

2018 Restructuring Plan

In January 2018, the Company announced plans to eliminate approximately 71 positions, later increased to approximately 95 positions, primarily in the Asia Pacific region and to a lesser extent in the U.S., in order to streamline operations and create operational efficiencies (the "2018 Restructuring Plan"). During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company incurred severance costs of $3.0 million and paid $2.8 million and had a remaining accrued severance liability of $0.2 million at December 31, 2018 in connection with the 2018 Restructuring Plan. The Company completed severance charges related to the 2018 Restructuring Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 .

In connection with the 2018 Restructuring Plan, the Company closed offices in Ohio. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company recorded facility charges of $0.5 million . The Company made payments of $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 , and had a remaining accrued facility liability of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2018 .

2017 Restructuring Plan

In January 2017, the Company announced plans to close certain offices as part of a plan to consolidate certain web presence customer support operations, resulting in severance costs. These severance charges were associated with the elimination of approximately 660 positions, primarily in customer support. Additionally, the Company implemented additional restructuring plans to create operational efficiencies and synergies related to the Constant Contact acquisition, which resulted in additional severance charges for the elimination of approximately 50 positions. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , in connection with these plans (together, the “2017 Restructuring Plan”), the Company incurred no additional severance costs and paid $3.5 million . The Company had a remaining accrued severance liability of $0.2 million as of December 31, 2018 .

In connection with the 2017 Restructuring Plan, the Company closed offices in Orem, Utah and relocated certain employees to its Tempe, Arizona office. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company recorded a reduction to facility charges of $0.2 million . The Company made payments of $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 , and had a remaining accrued facility liability of $0.0 million as of December 31, 2018 .

2016 Restructuring Plan

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Constant Contact on February 9, 2016, the Company implemented a plan to create operational efficiencies and synergies resulting in severance costs and facility exit costs (the “2016 Restructuring Plan”).

The severance charges were associated with eliminating approximately 265 positions across the business. The Company incurred all employee-related charges associated with the 2016 Restructuring Plan during the year ended December 31, 2016 and all severance payments were complete at December 31, 2017. There is no severance accrual remaining as of December 31, 2018 .

The 2016 Restructuring Plan included a plan to close offices in San Francisco, California, Delray Beach, Florida, New York, New York, United Kingdom, Porto Alegre, Brazil and Miami, Florida, and a plan to relocate certain employees to its Austin Office. The Company also closed a portion of the Constant Contact offices in Waltham, Massachusetts. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company incurred facility charges of $0.1 million . The Company paid $2.4 million of facility costs related to the 2016 Restructuring Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 and had a remaining accrued facility liability of $3.7 million as of December 31, 2018 .

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The Company expects to complete facility exit cost payments related to the 2016 Restructuring Plan during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table provides a summary of the aggregate activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 related to the Company’s combined severance accrual for the 2018, 2017 and 2016 Restructuring Plans (together, the "Restructuring Plans"):



	Employee Severance
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	3,668
Severance charges	2,978
Cash paid	(6,238		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	408

The following table provides a summary of the aggregate activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 related to the Company’s combined Restructuring Plans facilities exit accrual:



	Facilities
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	6,005
Facility charges	390
Sublease income	321
Cash paid	(2,616		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,100

The following table presents restructuring charges recorded in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	8,986	$	4,100	$	1,385
Sales and marketing	6,550		3,586		110
Engineering and development	4,288		1,469		348
General and administrative	4,400		6,655		1,525
Total restructuring charges	$	24,224	$	15,810	$	3,368

17. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company has operating lease commitments for certain facilities and equipment that expire on various dates through 2026 . The following table outlines future minimum annual rental payments under these leases at December 31, 2018 :



Year Ending December 31,	Amount
	(in thousands)
2019	$	20,770
2020	20,629
2021	17,577
2022	14,959
2023	14,606
Thereafter	25,600
Total minimum lease payments	$	114,141

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Total net rent expense incurred under non-cancellable operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , were $20.0 million , $22.1 million and $20.8 million , respectively. Total sublease income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 was $0.4 million , $0.5 million and $1.0 million , respectively.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings or subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not presently involved in any such legal proceeding or subject to any such claim that, in the opinion of its management, would have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results or financial condition. However, the results of such legal proceedings or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. Neither the ultimate outcome of the Machado and McGee shareholder litigation matters listed below nor an estimate of any probable losses or any reasonably possible losses (other than the reserves specifically discussed below) can be assessed at this time.

Endurance

The Company received a subpoena dated December 10, 2015 from the Boston Regional Office of the SEC, requiring the production of certain documents, including, among other things, documents related to its financial reporting, including operating and non-GAAP metrics, refund, sales and marketing practices and transactions with related parties. On June 5, 2018, the Company announced that it had resolved both this investigation and the Constant Contact investigation discussed below by consenting to the SEC's entry of a cease and desist order (the "Order"), without admitting or denying the SEC's findings set forth in the Order, and by paying a civil monetary penalty. The Company accrued the penalty in the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 and paid the penalty in the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.

On May 4, 2015, Christopher Machado, a purported holder of the Company’s common stock, filed a civil action in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts against the Company and its former chief executive officer and former chief financial officer, captioned Machado v. Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 1:15-cv-11775-GAO. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on December 8, 2015, a second amended complaint on March 18, 2016, and a third amended complaint on June 30, 2017. In the third amended complaint, plaintiffs Christopher Machado and Michael Rubin allege claims for violations of Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act, on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of the Company’s securities between October 25, 2013 and December 16, 2015, including persons or entities who purchased or acquired the Company's shares pursuant or traceable to the registration statement and prospectus issued in connection with the Company's October 25, 2013 initial public offering. The plaintiffs challenge as false or misleading certain of the Company’s disclosures about the total number of subscribers, average revenue per subscriber, the number of customers paying over $500 per year for the Company’s products and services, and the average number of products sold per subscriber. The plaintiffs seek, on behalf of themselves and the purported class, compensatory damages, rescissory damages as to class members who purchased shares pursuant to the offering and the plaintiffs' costs and expenses of litigation. On January 12, 2018, the parties filed a joint motion to stay all proceedings pending the outcome of a mediation between the parties. The court granted the stay on February 21, 2018 and later extended the stay to allow the parties to discuss a potential resolution of this matter. The parties then negotiated the terms and conditions of a stipulation and agreement of settlement and related papers, which, among other things, provide for the release of all claims asserted against the Company and its former chief executive officer and former chief financial officer. On July 6, 2018, the plaintiffs filed an unopposed motion seeking preliminary approval of the proposed settlement, certification of a proposed settlement class, and approval of notice to the settlement class. On January 2, 2019, the court entered an order preliminarily approving the settlement and scheduling a hearing for September 13, 2019 to determine whether the proposed settlement is fair, reasonable and adequate and whether the case should therefore be dismissed with prejudice. The Company's contribution to the settlement pool under the proposed settlement would be approximately equal to the $7.3 million it reserved during the year ended December 31, 2018 in connection with a possible settlement of both this action and the McGee litigation discussed below. The Company cannot make any assurances as to whether or when the settlement will be approved by the court.

Constant Contact

On February 9, 2016, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Constant Contact.

On December 10, 2015, Constant Contact received a subpoena from the Boston Regional Office of the SEC, requiring the production of documents pertaining to Constant Contact’s sales, marketing, and customer retention practices, as well as periodic public disclosure of financial and operating metrics. As discussed above, on June 5, 2018, the Company announced that it had settled both this investigation and the Endurance investigation discussed above by consenting to the SEC's entry of the Order, without admitting or denying the SEC's findings set forth in the Order, and by paying a civil monetary penalty. The

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Company accrued the penalty in its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 and paid the penalty in the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.

On August 7, 2015, a purported class action lawsuit, William McGee v. Constant Contact, Inc., et al, was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts against Constant Contact and two of its former officers. An amended complaint, which named an additional former officer as a defendant, was filed December 19, 2016. The lawsuit asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and is premised on allegedly false and/or misleading statements, and non-disclosure of material facts, regarding Constant Contact’s business, operations, prospects and performance during the proposed class period of October 23, 2014 to July 23, 2015. The parties mediated the claims on March 27, 2018, and as a result of that mediation reached an agreement in principle with the lead plaintiff to settle the action. The parties then negotiated the terms and conditions of a stipulation and agreement of settlement and related papers, which, among other things, provide for the release of all claims asserted against Constant Contact and its former officers. On May 18, 2018, the plaintiffs filed an unopposed motion seeking preliminary approval of the proposed settlement, certification of the proposed settlement class for settlement purposes only, and approval of notice to the settlement class. The court has not yet ruled on this motion. The Company's contribution to the settlement pool under the proposed settlement would be approximately equal to the $7.3 million it reserved during the year ended December 31, 2018 in connection with a possible settlement of both this action and the Endurance Machado litigation discussed above. The Company cannot make any assurances as to whether or when the settlement will be approved by the court.

18. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a defined contribution plan established under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “401(k) Plan”), which covers substantially all employees. Employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan beginning on the first day of the month following commencement of their employment. The 401(k) Plan includes a salary deferral arrangement pursuant to which participants may elect to reduce their current compensation by up to the statutorily prescribed limit, equal to $18,500 in 2018 , and have the amount of the reduction contributed to the 401(k) Plan. Beginning January 1, 2013, the Company matched 100% of each participant’s annual contribution to the 401(k) plan up to 3% of the participant’s salary and then 50% of each participant’s contribution up to 2% of each participant’s salary. The match immediately vests 100% . Matching contributions by the Company to the 401(k) Plan related to the 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 plan years were approximately $5.7 million , $6.3 million , and $5.9 million respectively.

19. Variable Interest Entity

The Company, through a subsidiary formed in China, entered into various agreements with Shanghai Xiao Lan Network Technology Co., Ltd ("Shanghai Xiao") and its shareholders that allowed the Company to effectively control Shanghai Xiao, making it a variable interest entity ("VIE"). Shanghai Xiao has a technology license that allows it to provide local hosting services to customers located in China. During fiscal year 2018, the Company ceased operations of the VIE, and has begun the process to liquidate the entity.

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From inception of Shanghai Xiao and through December 31, 2018, the financial position and results of operations of Shanghai Xiao are consolidated within, but are not material to, the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations.

20. Related Party Transactions

The Company has various agreements in place with related parties. Below are details of related party transactions that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 .

Tregaron:

The Company has contracts with Tregaron India Holdings, LLC and its affiliates, including Diya Systems (Mangalore) Private Limited, Glowtouch Technologies Pvt. Ltd. and Touchweb Designs, LLC, (collectively, “Tregaron”), for outsourced services, including email- and chat-based customer and technical support, network monitoring, engineering and development support, web design and web building services, and an office space lease. These entities are owned directly or indirectly by family members of the Company’s former chief executive officer, who is also a holder of more than 5.0% of the Company's capital stock.

The following table includes the amounts of related party transactions recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 relating to services provided by Tregaron and its affiliates under these agreements:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	12,200	$	12,100	$	14,255
Sales and marketing	500		1,200		755
Engineering and development	1,300		1,300		1,260
General and administrative	300		200		115
Total related party transaction expense	$	14,300	$	14,800	$	16,385

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , approximately $1.5 million and $2.4 million , respectively, was included in accounts payable and accrued expenses relating to services provided by Tregaron.

Innovative Business Services, LLC:

The Company also has agreements with Innovative Business Services, LLC (“IBS”), which provides multi-layered third-party security applications that are sold by the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2018, a director of the Company and the Company’s former chief executive officer, who is a holder of more than 5.0% of the Company's capital stock, continued to hold a material financial interest in IBS.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s principal agreement with this entity was amended to permit the Company to purchase a specific IBS website performance product at no charge, and in exchange, to increase the revenue share to IBS on certain website performance products. The Company records revenue on the sale of IBS products on a net basis, since the Company views IBS as the primary obligor to deliver these services. As a result, the revenue share paid by the Company to IBS is recorded as contra-revenue. Further, IBS pays the Company a fee on sales made by IBS directly to customers of the Company. The Company records these fees as revenue.

The following table includes the revised amounts of related party transactions recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 relating to services provided by IBS under these agreements:

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	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	(3,100	)	$	(4,250	)	$	(5,450	)
Revenue (contra)	7,500			7,850			7,965
Total related party transaction impact to revenue	$	4,400		$	3,600		$	2,515
Cost of revenue	700			675			640
Total related party transaction expense, net	$	5,100		$	4,275		$	3,155

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million , respectively, was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets relating to the Company’s agreements with IBS.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , approximately $1.3 million and $0.6 million , respectively was included in accounts payable and accrued expenses relating to the Company’s agreements with IBS.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , approximately $0.7 million and $0.9 million , respectively, was included in accounts receivable relating to the Company’s agreements with IBS.

Goldman, Sachs & Co.:

The Company entered into a three -year interest rate cap on December 9, 2015 with a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs & Co. ("Goldman Sachs"). The Company paid $3.0 million to the Goldman Sachs subsidiary as a premium for the interest rate cap during the year ended December 31, 2016. No further premiums are payable under this interest rate cap. Goldman Sachs is a significant shareholder of the Company. Refer to Note 4: Fair Value Measurements, for further details.

In connection with and concurrently with the acquisition of Constant Contact in February 2016, the Company entered into the $735.0 million incremental first lien term loan facility and the $165.0 million revolving credit facility, and EIG Investors Corp. issued Senior Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million . An affiliate of Goldman Sachs provided loans in the aggregate principal amount of $312.4 million under the incremental first lien term loan facility and a commitment in the aggregate principal amount of $57.6 million under the revolving credit facility, and Goldman Sachs acted as a book-running manager in the Company’s offering of the Senior Notes and purchased approximately $148.8 million worth of the Notes. The foregoing financing arrangements were provided in accordance with a commitment letter the Company entered into with an affiliate of Goldman Sachs and certain other investment banks in November 2015. Refer to Note 9 : Notes Payable , for further details.

Goldman Sachs also served as a financial advisor in connection with the acquisition of Constant Contact and during the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company paid approximately $8.6 million to Goldman Sachs in connection with these services.

In connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes, the Company agreed to assist the initial purchasers, including Goldman Sachs, in marketing the Senior Notes. Through December 31, 2016, the Company incurred expenses on behalf of the initial purchasers of approximately $0.8 million .

Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC, a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs, was one of the joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers for the 2017 Refinancing and 2018 Refinancing. In that capacity, Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC received an arrangement fee of $0.5 million and $0.3 million , respectively, and was reimbursed for an immaterial amount of expenses.

21 . Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: web presence, domain and email marketing. The products and services included in each of the three reportable segments are as follows:

Web Presence . The web presence segment consists primarily of the Company's web hosting brands, the largest of which are Bluehost and HostGator. This segment also includes related products such as domain names, website security, website design tools and services, and e-commerce products.

Domain . The domain segment consists of domain-focused brands such as Domain.com, ResellerClub and LogicBoxes as well as certain web hosting brands that are under common management with domain-focused brands. This segment sells domain names and domain management services to resellers and end users, as well as premium domain names, and also generates advertising revenue from domain name parking. It also resells domain names and domain management services to the web presence segment.

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Email Marketing . The email marketing segment consists of Constant Contact email marketing tools and related products and our SinglePlatform digital storefront solution.

The Company measures profitably of these segments based on revenue, gross profit, and adjusted EBITDA. The Company's segments share certain resources, primarily related to sales and marketing, engineering and general and administrative functions. Management allocates these costs to each respective segment based on a consistently applied methodology.

The CODM does not use asset information to allocate resources or make operating decisions.

The accounting policies of each segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies, refer to Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , for further details. The following tables contain financial information for each reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 and 2018 :



	Year ended December 31, 2016
	Web presence			Email marketing			Domain			Total
	(in thousands)
Revenue ⁽¹⁾	$	648,732		$	326,808		$	135,602		$	1,111,142
Gross profit	312,067			173,163			41,921			527,151

Net loss	(22,161		)	(55,857		)	(3,211		)	(81,229		)
Interest expense, net ⁽²⁾	68,617			81,469			2,226			152,312
Income tax expense (benefit)	(78,901		)	(33,543		)	2,586			(109,858		)
Depreciation	33,590			23,747			3,023			60,360
Amortization of other intangible assets	72,733			64,679			6,150			143,562
Stock-based compensation	41,481			12,403			4,383			58,267
Restructuring expenses	1,625			22,379			220			24,224
Transaction expenses and charges	31,260			984			40			32,284
Gain of unconsolidated entities ⁽³⁾	(565		)	—			—			(565		)
Impairment of other long-lived assets ⁽⁴⁾	9,039			—			—			9,039
Adjusted EBITDA	$	156,718		$	116,261		$	15,417		$	288,396

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Web presence			Email marketing			Domain			Total
	(in thousands)
Revenue ⁽¹⁾	$	641,993		$	401,250		$	133,624		$	1,176,867
Gross profit	305,588			254,941			12,408			572,937

Net income (loss)	(64,962		)	(10,615		)	(24,207		)	(99,784		)
Interest expense, net ⁽²⁾	67,491			86,914			2,001			156,406
Income tax expense (benefit)	4,063			5,152			(26,496		)	(17,281		)
Depreciation	37,634			13,912			3,639			55,185
Amortization of other intangible assets	60,277			74,467			5,610			140,354
Stock-based compensation	46,641			6,934			6,426			60,001
Restructuring expenses	9,131			5,581			1,098			15,810
Transaction expenses and charges	—			773			—			773
(Gain) loss of unconsolidated entities	(110		)	—			—			(110		)
Impairment of other long-lived assets	600			—			30,860			31,460
SEC investigations reserve	4,323			2,751			926			8,000
Shareholder litigation reserve	—			—			—			—

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Adjusted EBITDA	$	165,088		$	185,869	$	(143	)	$	350,814

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Web presence			Email marketing		Domain			Total
	(in thousands)
Revenue ⁽¹⁾	$	605,315		$	410,052	$	129,924		$	1,145,291
Gross profit	297,590			288,023		38,941			624,554

Net (loss) income	(22,534		)	38,628		(11,560		)	4,534
Interest expense, net ⁽²⁾	70,956			68,317		9,118			148,391
Income tax expense (benefit)	(4,961		)	115		(1,400		)	(6,246		)
Depreciation	32,915			11,497		3,795			48,207
Amortization of other intangible assets	47,020			53,100		3,028			103,148
Stock-based compensation	16,000			9,638		3,426			29,064
Restructuring expenses	2,135			589		644			3,368
Transaction expenses and charges	—			—		—			—
Gain of unconsolidated entities	267			—		—			267
Impairment of other long-lived assets	—			—		—			—
SEC investigation reserve	—			—		—			—
Shareholder litigation reserve	4,780			1,500		1,045			7,325
Adjusted EBITDA	$	146,578		$	183,384	$	8,096		$	338,058


(1)	Revenue excludes intercompany sales of domain sales and domain services from the domain segment to the web presence segment of $7.6 million , $10.3 million and $10.0 million , for fiscal years 2016 , 2017 and 2018 , respectively.


(2)	Interest expense includes impact of amortization of deferred financing costs, original issue discounts and interest income. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 , it also includes $6.5 million and $1.2 million , respectively, of deferred financing costs and OID immediately expensed upon the 2017 Refinancing and 2018 Refinancing.

(3)

The (gain) loss of unconsolidated entities is reported on a net basis for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 . The year ended December 31, 2016 includes an $11.4 million gain on the Company's investment in WZ UK, Ltd. This gain was generated on January 6, 2016, when the Company increased its ownership stake in WZ UK from 49% to 57.5% , which required a revaluation of its existing investment to its implied fair value. This gain was offset by the following: a loss of $4.8 million on an investment in AppMachine, which was generated on July 27, 2016, when the Company increased its ownership stake in AppMachine from 40% to 100% , which required a revaluation of the existing investment to its implied fair value; a loss of $4.7 million on the impairment of the Company's 33% equity investment in Fortifico Limited; and the Company's proportionate share of net losses from unconsolidated entities of $1.3 million .

(4)

The impairment of other long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes $7.0 million of impairment charges related to developed and in-process technology related to the Webzai acquisition, and $2.0 million of internally developed software that was abandoned. The impairment of other long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes $13.8 million related to certain domain name intangible assets, $0.6 million to write off a debt investment in a privately held entity, $12.1 million related to impairment of goodwill associated with the domain segment, and $4.9 million related to developed technology and customer relationships associated with the Directi acquisition.

The Company has revised amounts reported for gross profit, net loss and adjusted EBITDA for the web presence and the domain segments in the segment disclosures, which impacted fiscal years 2016 and 2017. The amounts reported for the email marketing segment were not impacted. The revisions arose because of an error in the classification of certain domain registration expenses. Domain segment gross profit, net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA were overstated by $3.0 million for fiscal year 2016, and by $6.9 million for fiscal year 2017, and web presence segment gross profit, net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA were understated by equal amounts. Consolidated results were not impacted by this misstatement. The following table reflects the differences between the amounts as reported and the amounts as revised for gross profit, net loss and adjusted EBITDA for the web presence and domain segments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017:

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	Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Web presence						Domain
	(in thousands)
	(as reported)			(as revised)			(as reported)			(as revised)
Gross profit	$	309,116		$	312,067		$	44,872		$	41,921
Net loss	(24,382		)	(22,161		)	(990		)	(3,211		)
Adjusted EBITDA	153,766			156,718			18,369			15,417

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Web presence						Domain
	(in thousands)
	(as reported)			(as revised)			(as reported)			(as revised)
Gross profit	$	298,687		$	305,588		$	19,309		$	12,408
Net loss	(70,375		)	(64,962		)	(18,794		)	(24,207		)
Adjusted EBITDA	158,187			165,088			6,758			(143		)

22 . Geographic and Other Information

Revenue, classified by the major geographic areas in which the Company's customers are located, was as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018
	(in thousands)
United States	$	787,915	$	845,305	$	833,657
International	323,227		331,562		311,634
Total	$	1,111,142	$	1,176,867	$	1,145,291

The following table presents the amount of tangible long-lived assets by geographic area:



	2017		2018
	(in thousands)
United States	$	89,325	$	87,301
International	6,127		4,974
Total	$	95,452	$	92,275

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily from products and services delivered on a subscription basis, which include web hosting, domains, website builders, search engine marketing, email marketing and other similar services. The Company also generates non-subscription revenue through domain monetization and marketing development funds. Non-subscription revenue decreased from $41.5 million , or 4% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $39.4 million , or 3% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 , and decreased to $35.1 million , or 3% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 . The majority of the Company's non-subscription revenue is included in its domain segment.

No individual international country represented more than 10% of total revenue in any period presented. Furthermore, substantially all of the Company's tangible long-lived assets are located in the United States.

23. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

The following table presents the Company’s unaudited quarterly financial data:

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	For the three months ended
	March 31, 2017			June 30, 2017			Sept. 30, 2017			Dec. 31, 2017		March 31, 2018			June 30, 2018			Sept. 30, 2018			Dec. 31, 2018
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue	$	295,137		$	292,258		$	295,222		$	294,250	$	291,356		$	287,770		$	283,770		$	282,395
Gross profit	146,388			145,675			136,357			144,517		157,450			157,024			154,825			155,255
Income (loss) from operations	13,594			12,647			(1,070		)	14,660		31,402			37,775			42,618			35,151
Net income (loss) attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	(35,388	)	$	(39,129	)	$	(40,264	)	$	7,473	$	(2,528	)	$	627		$	(6,335	)	$	12,770
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	(0.26	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.29	)	$	0.05	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.04	)	$	0.09
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	$	(0.26	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.29	)	$	0.05	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.04	)	$	0.09

24. Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

In February 2016, EIG Investors Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Issuer”), issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 10.875% Senior Notes due 2024 (refer to Note 9: Notes Payables, for further details), which it exchanged for new 10.875% Senior Notes due 2024 pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4. The registered exchange offer for the Senior Notes was completed on January 30, 2017. The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and the Issuer, and the following wholly-owned subsidiaries: The Endurance International Group, Inc., Bluehost Inc., FastDomain Inc., Domain Name Holding Company, Inc., Endurance International Group – West, Inc., HostGator.com LLC, A Small Orange, LLC, Constant Contact, Inc., and SinglePlatform, LLC, (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), subject to certain customary guarantor release conditions. The Company’s other domestic subsidiaries and its foreign subsidiaries (collectively, the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) have not guaranteed the Senior Notes.

The Company sold two immaterial guarantors, CardStar, Inc. and CardStar Publishing, LLC (collectively, "CardStar"), during the quarter ended December 31, 2016. CardStar was released and discharged from the guarantee as a result of the sale and no longer guarantees the debt of the Company as of December 1, 2016. Proceeds from the sale of CardStar were approximately $0.1 million .

The following tables present supplemental condensed consolidating balance sheet information of the Company (“Parent”), the Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors and the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, and supplemental condensed consolidating results of operations and cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018:

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

December 31, 2017

(in thousands)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	92		$	2		$	54,473		$	11,926		$	—		$	66,493
Restricted cash	—			—			2,472			153			—			2,625
Accounts receivable	—			—			12,386			3,559			—			15,945
Prepaid domain name registry fees	—			—			28,291			25,514			—			53,805
Prepaid expenses & other current assets	(12		)	84			18,500			9,703			—			28,275
Total current assets	80			86			116,122			50,855			—			167,143
Intercompany receivables, net	33,637			606,834			(498,213		)	(142,258		)	—			—
Property and equipment, net	—			—			81,693			13,759			—			95,452
Goodwill	—			—			1,673,851			176,731			—			1,850,582
Other intangible assets, net	—			—			450,778			4,662			—			455,440
Investment in subsidiaries	49,288			1,355,013			37,200			—			(1,441,501		)	—
Other assets	—			3,639			21,374			6,404			—			31,417
Total assets	$	83,005		$	1,965,572		$	1,882,805		$	110,153		$	(1,441,501	)	$	2,600,034
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	—		$	—		$	9,532		$	1,526		—			$	11,058
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	—			24,508			74,257			8,662			—			107,427
Deferred revenue	—			—			309,395			52,545			—			361,940
Current portion of notes payable	—			33,945			—			—			—			33,945
Current portion of financed equipment	—			—			7,630			—			—			7,630
Deferred consideration, short-term	—			—			4,365			—			—			4,365
Total current liabilities	—			58,453			405,179			62,733			—			526,365
Deferred revenue, long-term	—			—			81,199			9,773			—			90,972
Notes payable	—			1,858,300			—			—			—			1,858,300
Financed equipment—long term	—			—			7,719			—			—			7,719
Deferred consideration	—			—			3,551			—			—			3,551
Other long-term liabilities	—			(469		)	30,144			447			—			30,122
Total liabilities	—			1,916,284			527,792			72,953			—			2,517,029
Equity	83,005			49,288			1,355,013			37,200			(1,441,501		)	83,005
Total liabilities and equity	$	83,005		$	1,965,572		$	1,882,805		$	110,153		$	(1,441,501	)	$	2,600,034

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

December 31, 2018

(in thousands)



	Parent		Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21	$	2		$	61,649		$	26,972		$	—		$	88,644
Restricted cash	—		—			1,932			—			—			1,932
Accounts receivable	—		—			10,515			1,690			—			12,205
Prepaid domain name registry fees	—		—			32,118			24,661			—			56,779
Prepaid commissions	—		—			40,804			654			—			41,458
Prepaid expenses & other current assets	—		422			26,617			8,051			—			35,090
Total current assets	21		424			173,635			62,028			—			236,108
Intercompany receivables, net	34,595		401,342			(321,124		)	(114,813		)	—			—
Property and equipment, net	—		—			79,090			13,185			—			92,275
Goodwill	—		—			1,695,451			153,614			—			1,849,065
Other intangible assets, net	—		—			351,920			596			—			352,516
Investment in subsidiaries	139,838		1,559,255			53,089			—			(1,752,182		)	—
Prepaid commissions, net of current portion	—		—			41,746			726			—			42,472
Other assets	—		5,239			22,276			6,556			—			34,071
Total assets	$	174,454	$	1,966,260		$	2,096,083		$	121,892		$	(1,752,182	)	$	2,606,507
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	—	$	—		$	11,896		$	553		$	—		$	12,449
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	—		25,373			76,586			8,224			—			110,183
Deferred revenue	—		—			322,296			49,462			—			371,758
Current portion of notes payable	—		31,606			—			—			—			31,606
Current portion of financed equipment	—		—			8,379			—			—			8,379
Deferred consideration, short-term	—		—			2,425			—			—			2,425
Total current liabilities	—		56,979			421,582			58,239			—			536,800
Deferred revenue, long-term	—		—			85,531			10,609			—			96,140
Notes payable	—		1,770,055			—			—			—			1,770,055
Financed equipment—long term	—		—			—			—			—			—
Deferred consideration	—		—			1,364			—			—			1,364
Other long-term liabilities	—		(612		)	28,349			(43		)	—			27,694
Total liabilities	—		1,826,422			536,826			68,805			—			2,432,053
Equity	174,454		139,838			1,559,257			53,087			(1,752,182		)	174,454
Total liabilities and equity	$	174,454	$	1,966,260		$	2,096,083		$	121,892		$	(1,752,182	)	$	2,606,507

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Year Ended December 31, 2016

(in thousands)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated

Revenue	$	—		$	—		$	978,690		$	133,274		$	(822	)	$	1,111,142
Cost of revenue	—			—			496,267			88,753			(1,029		)	583,991
Gross profit	—			—			482,423			44,521			207			527,151
Operating expense:
Sales & marketing	—			—			235,988			67,556			(33		)	303,511
Engineering and development	—			—			72,922			14,679			—			87,601
General and administrative	—			242			128,337			14,516			—			143,095
Transaction expenses	—			—			32,284			—			—			32,284
Total operating expense	—			242			469,531			96,751			(33		)	566,491
Income (loss) from operations	—			(242		)	12,892			(52,230		)	240			(39,340		)
Interest expense and other income, net	—			149,512			(3,606		)	4,544			—			150,450
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	—			(149,754		)	16,498			(56,774		)	240			(189,790		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	—			(53,847		)	(55,953		)	(58		)	—			(109,858		)
Income (loss) before equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	—			(95,907		)	72,451			(56,716		)	240			(79,932		)
Equity (income) loss of unconsolidated entities, net of tax	73,071			(22,837		)	58,014			297			(107,248		)	1,297
Net income (loss)	(73,071		)	(73,070		)	14,437			(57,013		)	107,488			(81,229		)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—			—			(8,398		)	—			—			(8,398		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Endurance	$	(73,071	)	$	(73,070	)	$	22,835		$	(57,013	)	$	107,488		$	(72,831	)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			—			—			(597		)	—			(597		)
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	—			(1,351		)	—			—			—			(1,351		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(73,071	)	$	(74,421	)	$	22,835		$	(57,610	)	$	107,488		$	(74,779	)

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Year Ended December 31, 2017

(in thousands)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated

Revenue	$	—		$	—		$	1,055,013		$	128,350		$	(6,496	)	$	1,176,867
Cost of revenue	—			—			515,065			94,082			(5,217		)	603,930
Gross profit	—			—			539,948			34,268			(1,279		)	572,937
Operating expense:
Sales and marketing	—			—			256,902			20,561			(3		)	277,460
Engineering and development	—			—			66,051			12,721			—			78,772
General and administrative	—			207			155,339			9,054			(628		)	163,972
Transaction expenses	—			—			773			—			—			773
Impairment of goodwill	—			—			12,129			—			—			12,129
Total operating expense	—			207			491,194			42,336			(631		)	533,106
Income (loss) from operations	—			(207		)	48,754			(8,068		)	(648		)	39,831
Interest expense and other income —net	—			156,144			1,338			(476		)	—			157,006
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	—			(156,351		)	47,416			(7,592		)	(648		)	(117,175		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	—			(57,504		)	39,125			1,098			—			(17,281		)
Income (loss) before equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	—			(98,847		)	8,291			(8,690		)	(648		)	(99,894		)
Equity (income) loss of unconsolidated entities, net of tax	99,137			290			8,581			(17		)	(108,101		)	(110		)
Net income (loss)	$	(99,137	)	$	(99,137	)	$	(290	)	$	(8,673	)	$	107,453		$	(99,784	)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest	—			—			7,524			—			—			7,524
Net income (loss) attributable to Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.	(99,137		)	(99,137		)	(7,814		)	(8,673		)	107,453			(107,308		)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			—			—			3,091			—			3,091
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge				34			—			—			—			34
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(99,137	)	$	(99,103	)	$	(7,814	)	$	(5,582	)	$	107,453		$	(104,183	)

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Year Ended December 31, 2018

(in thousands)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated

Revenue	$	—		$	—		$	1,041,334		$	109,912		$	(5,955	)	$	1,145,291
Cost of revenue	—			—			448,922			77,770			(5,955		)	520,737
Gross profit	—			—			592,412			32,142			—			624,554
Operating expense:
Sales and marketing	—			—			251,558			13,866			—			265,424
Engineering and development	—			—			80,055			7,925			—			87,980
General and administrative	(11		)	227			164,578			(40,590		)	—			124,204
Total operating expense	(11		)	227			496,191			(18,799		)	—			477,608
Income (loss) from operations	11			(227		)	96,221			50,941			—			146,946
Interest expense and other income —net	—			148,411			507			(527		)	—			148,391
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	11			(148,638		)	95,714			51,468			—			(1,445		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	—			(35,381		)	25,257			3,878			—			(6,246		)
Income (loss) before equity earnings of unconsolidated entities	11			(113,257		)	70,457			47,590			—			4,801
Equity (income) loss of unconsolidated entities, net of tax	(4,523		)	(117,780		)	(47,321		)	18			169,873			267
Net income (loss)	$	4,534		$	4,523		$	117,778		$	47,572		$	(169,873	)	$	4,534
Comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			—			—			(2,233		)	—			(2,233		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge				(437		)	—			—			—			(437		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	4,534		$	4,086		$	117,778		$	45,339		$	(169,873	)	$	1,864

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31, 2016

(in thousands)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations		Consolidated

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	—		$	(71,204	)	$	256,461		$	(30,296	)	$	—	$	154,961
Cash flows from investing activities:
Businesses acquired in purchase transaction, net of cash acquired	—			—			(887,937		)	—			—		(887,937		)
Purchases of property and equipment	—			—			(32,528		)	(4,731		)	—		(37,259		)
Cash paid for minority investments	—			—			(5,600		)	—			—		(5,600		)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	—			—			674			2			—		676
Proceeds from note receivable	—			—			—			—			—		—
Proceeds from sale of assets	—			—			—			—			—		—
Purchases of intangible assets	—			—			(7		)	(20		)	—		(27		)
Net cash used in investing activities	—			—			(925,398		)	(4,749		)	—		(930,147		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable and draws on revolver	—			1,110,678			—			—			—		1,110,678
Repayment of notes payable and revolver	—			(176,700		)	—			—			—		(176,700		)
Payment of financing costs	—			(52,561		)	—			—			—		(52,561		)
Payment of deferred consideration	—			—			(50,375		)	(669		)	—		(51,044		)
Payment of redeemable non-controlling interest liability	—			—			(33,425		)	—			—		(33,425		)
Principal payments on financed equipment	—			—			(5,892		)	—			—		(5,892		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,564			—			—			—			—		2,564
Capital investments from minority partner	—			—			—			2,776			—		2,776
Intercompany loans and investments	(2,573		)	(810,276		)	778,421			34,428			—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(9		)	71,141			688,729			36,535			—		796,396
Net effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	—			—			—			1,610			—		1,610
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(9		)	(63		)	19,792			3,100			—		22,820
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period	12			67			21,862			12,137			—		34,078
End of period	$	3		$	4		$	41,654		$	15,237		$	—	$	56,898

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31, 2017

(in thousands)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations		Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	12		$	(82,189	)	$	284,912		$	(1,462	)	$	—	$	201,273
Cash flows from investing activities:
Businesses acquired in purchase transaction, net of cash acquired	—			—			—			—			—		—
Purchases of property and equipment	—			—			(38,731		)	(4,331		)	—		(43,062		)
Cash paid for minority investments	—			—			—			—			—		—
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	—			—			—			—			—		—
Proceeds from note receivable	—			—			—			—			—		—
Proceeds from sale of assets	—			—			530			—			—		530
Purchases of intangible assets	—			—			(1,932		)	(34		)	—		(1,966		)
Net cash used in investing activities	—			—			(40,133		)	(4,365		)	—		(44,498		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable and draws on revolver	—			1,693,007			—			—			—		1,693,007
Repayment of notes payable and revolver	—			(1,797,634		)	—			—			—		(1,797,634		)
Payment of financing costs	—			(6,304		)	—			—			—		(6,304		)
Payment of deferred consideration	—			—			(4,550		)	(883		)	—		(5,433		)
Payment of redeemable non-controlling interest liability	—			—			(25,000		)	—			—		(25,000		)
Principal payments on financed equipment	—			—			(7,390		)	—			—		(7,390		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,049			—			—			—			—		2,049
Capital investments from minority partner	—			—			—			—			—		—
Intercompany loans and investments	(1,972		)	193,118			(192,548		)	1,402			—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	77			82,187			(229,488		)	519			—		(146,705		)
Net effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	—			—			—			2,150			—		2,150
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	89			(2		)	15,291			(3,158		)	—		12,220
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period	3			4			41,654			15,237			—		56,898
End of period	$	92		$	2		$	56,945		$	12,079		$	—	$	69,118

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31, 2018

(in thousands)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations		Consolidated

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	—		$	(103,123	)	$	241,362		$	44,313		$	—	$	182,552
Cash flows from investing activities:
Businesses acquired in purchase transaction, net of cash acquired	—			—			—			—			—		—
Purchases of property and equipment	—			—			(45,696		)	(184		)	—		(45,880		)
Cash paid for minority investments	—			—			—			—			—		—
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	—			—			—			—			—		—
Proceeds from note receivable	—			—			—			—			—		—
Proceeds from sale of assets	—			—			6			—			—		6
Purchases of intangible assets	—			—			(8		)	—			—		(8		)
Net cash used in investing activities	—			—			(45,698		)	(184		)	—		(45,882		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable and draws on revolver	—			1,580,305			—			—			—		1,580,305
Repayment of notes payable and revolver	—			(1,681,094		)	—			—			—		(1,681,094		)
Payment of financing costs	—			(1,580		)	—			—			—		(1,580		)
Payment of deferred consideration	—			—			(4,500		)	—			—		(4,500		)

Principal payments on financed equipment	—			—			(7,439		)	—			—		(7,439		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	887			—			—			—			—		887

Intercompany loans and investments	(958		)	205,492			(177,089		)	(27,445		)	—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(71		)	103,123			(189,028		)	(27,445		)	—		(113,421		)
Net effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	—			—			—			(1,791		)	—		(1,791		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(71		)	—			6,636			14,893			—		21,458
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period	92			2			56,945			12,079			—		69,118
End of period	$	21		$	2		$	63,581		$	26,972		$	—	$	90,576

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2018 , our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

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Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018 , our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of our chief executive and chief financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:


•	pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of our assets;


•	provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of our management and directors; and


•	provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the polices or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 . In making this assessment, we used criteria set forth in the 2013 framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment, management (including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) has concluded that as of December 31, 2018 , our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by BDO USA LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in the following report:

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Burlington, Massachusetts

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 , based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 , based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 and our report dated February 21, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 21, 2019

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, or ITRA, which added Section 13(r) to the Exchange Act, we are required to disclose in our annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether we or any of our affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to certain individuals or entities that are subject to sanctions under U.S. law. Disclosure is generally required even where the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law.

On July 25, 2018, the Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, designated Electronics Katrangi Trading, or Katrangi, as a Specially Designated National, or SDN, pursuant to the Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators Sanctions Regulations, 31 C.F.R. Part 544. On July 30, 2018, during a regular compliance scan of our user base, we identified the domain SGP-FRANCE.COM, or the Domain Name, which was listed as a website associated with Katrangi, on one of our platforms. The Domain Name was managed using one of our platforms by one of our reseller customers. Accordingly, there was no direct financial transaction between us and the registered owner of the Domain Name and we did not generate any revenue in connection with the Domain Name since it was added to the SDN list on July 25, 2018. Upon discovering the Domain Name on our platform, we promptly suspended the Domain Name and removed it from our platform. We reported the Domain Name to OFAC on August 7, 2018.

On November 6, 2018, we terminated an end customer account (the “End Customer Account”) that we believe to be associated with Arian Bank, which was identified by OFAC as an SDN on November 5, 2018, pursuant to 31 C.F.R. Part 594. We initially acquired the End Customer Account on January 23, 2014 as part of our acquisition of P.D.R Solutions FZC. We reported the End Customer Account to OFAC as potentially the property of an SDN subject to blocking pursuant to Executive Order 13224. To date, we have not received any correspondence from OFAC regarding this matter.

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PART III



Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information disclosed under the heading “Management and Corporate Governance” and under the subheading “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we intend to file with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The text of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted under Corporate Governance in the Investor Relations section of our website, www.endurance.com. We intend to disclose on our website any amendments to, or waivers from, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that are required to be disclosed pursuant to the disclosure requirements of Item 5.05 of Form 8-K.



Item 11.	Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information disclosed under the heading “Executive Compensation” and under the subheading “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we intend to file with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.



Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information disclosed under the heading “Principal Stockholders” and under the subheading “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we intend to file with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.



Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information disclosed under the heading “Related Person Transactions” and under the subheading “Director Independence” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we intend to file with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.



Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information disclosed under the proposal “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we intend to file with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

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PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES


(1)	Financial Statements

For a list of the consolidated financial statements included herein, which are incorporated into this Item by reference, see Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page 69 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


(2)	Financial Statement Schedules

Schedules have been omitted since they are either not required or not applicable or the information is otherwise included herein.


(3)	Exhibits

Exhibit

Number

Description of Exhibit

Incorporated by Reference

Filed

Herewith

Form

File Number

Date of Filing

Exhibit

Number

2.1*

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 30, 2015, by and among Constant Contact, Inc., Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., and Paintbrush Acquisition Corporation

8-K

001-36131

November 2, 2015

2.1

3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant

S-1/A

333-191061

October 23, 2013

3.3

3.2

Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant

8-K

001-36131

January 30, 2017

3.1

4.1

Specimen certificate evidencing shares of common stock of the Registrant

S-1/A

333-191061

October 8, 2013

4.1

4.2

Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant and the other parties thereto

10-Q

001-36131

November 7, 2014

4.2

4.3

Stockholders Agreement by and among the Registrant and certain holders of the Registrant’s common stock

10-Q

001-36131

November 7, 2014

4.3

4.4

Indenture (including form of Note), dated as of February 9, 2016, among EIG Investors Corp., the Registrant, the Endurance Guarantors party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee

8-K

001-36131

February 10, 2016

4.1

4.5

Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2016, among EIG Investors Corp., the Registrant, the Endurance Guarantors party thereto, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Jefferies LLC

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2016

4.6

10.1#

Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

August 8, 2016

10.2

10.2#

Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-191061

October 8, 2013

10.2

10.3#

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-191061

October 8, 2013

10.3

10.4#

Form of Director Stock Option Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-191061

October 8, 2013

10.29

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10.5#

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (3 year vesting)

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2017

10.1

10.6#

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (2 year vesting)

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2017

10.2

10.7#

Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2017

10.3

10.8#

Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. and Jeffrey H. Fox, dated August 22, 2017

10-Q

001-36131

November 3, 2017

10.3

10.9#

Stock Option Agreement between Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. and Jeffrey H. Fox, dated August 22, 2017

10-Q

001-36131

November 3, 2017

10.4

10.10#

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (3 year vesting, with tax rate option)

10-Q

001-36131

August 2, 2018

10.3

10.11#

Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (3 year vesting)

10-Q

001-36131

August 2, 2018

10.4

10.12#

Constant Contact, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

S-8

333-209680

February 24, 2016

99.1

10.13#

Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2016

10.4

10.14#

Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2016

10.5

10.15#

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2016

10.6

10.16#

Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (double trigger) under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

August 8, 2016

10.4

10.17#

Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement (double trigger) under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

August 8, 2016

10.5

10.18#

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (double trigger) under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

August 8, 2016

10.6

10.19#

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (double trigger, 3 year vesting) under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2017

10.4

10.20#

Changes to NEO Target Annual Cash Bonus Percentages

10-Q

001-36131

August 8, 2016

10.7

10.21#

2018 Management Incentive Plan

10-Q

001-36131

May 4, 2018

10.1

10.22#

Employment Agreement, dated as of August 3, 2015, by and between Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. and Marc Montagner

8-K

001-36131

August 4, 2015

10.1

10.23#

Employment Agreement, dated as of March 7, 2016, by and between the Registrant and David Bryson

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2016

10.9

10.24#

Employment Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2017, by and between the Registrant and John Orlando

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2017

10.6

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10.25#	Employment Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2017, by and between Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. and Jeffrey H. Fox	8-K	001-36131	August 14, 2017	10.1
10.26#	Employment Agreement, dated as of October 29, 2018, by and between Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. and Christine Barry					X
10.27#	Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between the Registrant and each director and executive officer	S-1/A	333-191061	October 8, 2013	10.19
10.28#	Indemnification Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2017, by and between Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. and Jeffrey H. Fox	10-Q	001-36131	November 3, 2017	10.2
10.29	Gross Lease, dated May 17, 2012, by and between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and MEPT Burlington, LLC, as amended on June 13, 2013	S-1	333-191061	September 9, 2013	10.5
10.30	Second Amendment to Lease, dated as of March 28, 2014, by and between Burlington Centre Owner LLC and The Endurance International Group, Inc.	10-Q	001-36131	May 9, 2014	10.5
10.31	Third Amendment to Lease, dated as of September 24, 2014, by and between Burlington Centre Owner LLC and The Endurance International Group, Inc.	10-Q	001-36131	November 7, 2014	10.1
10.32	Fourth Amendment to Lease, dated as of November 14, 2014, by and between Burlington Centre Owner LLC and The Endurance International Group, Inc.	10-K	001-36131	February 27, 2015	10.20
10.33	Fifth Amendment to Lease, dated as of January 26, 2017, by and between Burlington Centre Owner LLC and The Endurance International Group, Inc.	10-Q	001-36131	May 9, 2017	10.7
10.34	Sixth Amendment to Lease, dated as of September 8, 2017, by and between Burlington Centre Owner LLC and The Endurance International Group, Inc.	10-K	001-36131	February 22, 2018	10.50
10.35+	Office Lease, dated January 30, 2015, by and between Papago Buttes Corporate, LLC and The Endurance International Group, Inc., as amended by the First Amendment to Lease dated August 23, 2016 and the Second Amendment to Lease dated January 15, 2017	10-Q	001-36131	May 9, 2017	10.8
10.36+	Collocation/Interconnection License, dated as of May 29, 2007, by and between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and Markley Boston, LLC, as amended on June 1, 2007, August 31, 2008, December 4, 2008, April 30, 2009, February 2011 and February 2, 2012	S-1	333-191061	September 9, 2013	10.7
10.37+	Seventh Amendment to Collocation/Interconnection License, dated February 23, 2018, by and between Markley Boston, LLC and The Endurance International Group, Inc.	10-Q	001-36131	May 4, 2018	10.2

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10.38+

Collocation/Interconnection License, dated as of February 2, 2012, by and between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and One Summer Collocation, LLC, as amended January 4, 2013

S-1

333-191061

September 9, 2013

10.11

10.39+

Second Amendment to Collocation/Interconnection License, dated February 23, 2018, by and between Markley Boston, LLC (as the succeeding entity, arising out of a merger with One Summer Collection, LLC) and The Endurance International Group, Inc.

10-Q

001-36131

May 4, 2018

10.3

10.40+

Master Service Agreement (United States), dated as of November 28, 2011, by and between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and Equinix Operating Co., Inc., as amended by Replacement Order 110712 and Replacement Order 112014, each effective as of December 2, 2014

10-K

001-36131

February 27, 2015

10.24

10.41+

Replacement Order 1-54210756980 and Replacement Order 1-54216771102, each effective as of August 1, 2016, to the Master Service Agreement (United States), dated as of November 28, 2011, by and between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and Equinix Operating Co., Inc.

10-Q

001-36131

November 4, 2016

10.1

10.42+

Master Service Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2013, by and between HostGator.com LLC and CyrusOne LLC

S-1

333-191061

September 9, 2013

10.26

10.43+

Amendment to Master Services Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2018, by and between HostGator.com LLC and CyrusOne LLC

10.44

Turn Key Datacenter Lease dated as of December 31, 2010 between Digital Alfred, LLC and Constant Contact, Inc., as amended by the First Amendment to Turn Key Datacenter Lease dated as of March 1, 2011 and the Second Amendment to Turnkey Datacenter Lease dated as of December 15, 2011

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2016

10.11

10.45

Datacenter Lease dated as of January 1, 2011 between Digital 55 Middlesex, LLC and Constant Contact, Inc., as amended by the First Amendment to Datacenter Lease dated as of May 11, 2012, the 55 Middlesex Turnpike Office Space Rider dated as of May 11, 2012 and the Second Amendment to Datacenter Lease dated February 26, 2016

10-Q

001-36131

May 9, 2016

10.12

10.46

Third Amendment to Datacenter Lease dated as of August 7, 2017 between Digital 55 Middlesex, LLC and Constant Contact, Inc.

10-Q

001-36131

November 3, 2017

10.6

135

Table of Contents

10.47+

Master Services Agreement between Data Foundry, Inc. and HostGator.com LLC dated October 23, 2014, as amended by the Contract Addendum dated October 23, 2014, the Amendment to the Master Services Agreement dated August 21, 2015, the 2nd Amendment to Master Services Agreement dated July 23, 2016, and the Power Amendment to the Master Services Agreement dated October 25, 2016

10-Q

001-36131

August 4, 2017

10.4

10.48+

cPanel Partner NOC Agreement dated as of January 1, 2014 by and between cPanel, Inc. and The Endurance International Group, Inc., as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Partner NOC Agreement dated March 14, 2014, Amendment to Amendment No. 1 to Partner NOC Agreement dated October 1, 2015, and Second Amendment to Partner NOC Agreement dated December 31, 2017

10-K

001-36131

February 22, 2018

10.61

10.49+

Master Services Agreement dated as of September 25, 2013 between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and Tregaron India Holdings, LLC, as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated as of February 7, 2014 and Amendment No. 2 dated as of December 5, 2014

10-K

001-36131

February 24, 2017

10.43

10.50+

Master Services Agreement Amendment No. 4 dated as of April 19, 2018 between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and Tregaron India Holdings, LLC

10-Q

001-36131

August 2, 2018

10.2

10.51+

Master Services Agreement Amendment No. 3 dated as of December 18, 2017 between The Endurance International Group, Inc. and Tregaron India Holdings, LLC

10-K

001-36131

February 22, 2018

10.63

10.52

Refinancing Amendment, dated as of November 25, 2013, by and among the refinancing lenders party thereto, the revolving lenders party thereto, the Registrant, EIG Investors Corp., and Credit Suisse AG, as Administrative Agent

10-K

001-36131

February 28, 2014

10.23

10.53

Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 25, 2013, by and among the Registrant, EIG Investors Corp., as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, as Administrative Agent

10-K

001-36131

February 28, 2014

10.24

10.54

Revolving Facility Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2016, among EIG Investors Corp., the Registrant, the other Loan Parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and issuing bank

8-K

001-36131

February 10, 2016

10.1

136

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10.55	Incremental Term Loan Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2016, among EIG Investors Corp., the Registrant, the other Loan Parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and issuing bank	8-K	001-36131	February 10, 2016	10.2
10.56	Refinancing Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 14, 2017, among EIG Investors Corp., Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., the other Loan Parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent	8-K	001-36131	June 14, 2017	10.1
10.57	Fourth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2018, among Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., EIG Investors Corp., the other Loan Parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as issuing bank and administrative agent	10-Q	001-36131	August 2, 2018	10.1
10.58	Amended and Restated Collateral Agreement, dated as of November 25, 2013, by and among the Registrant, EIG Investors Corp., the other grantors party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, as Administrative Agent	10-K	001-36131	February 28, 2014	10.25
10.59	Supplement No. 1 to Amended and Restated Collateral Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2016, by and among the Registrant, EIG Investors Corp., the other guarantors party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, as Administrative Agent	10-Q	001-36131	May 9, 2016	10.13
10.60	Amended and Restated Master Guarantee Agreement, dated as of November 25, 2013, by and among the Registrant, EIG Investors Corp., the other guarantors party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, as Administrative Agent	10-K	001-36131	February 28, 2014	10.26
10.61	Supplement No. 1 to Amended and Restated Master Guarantee Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2016, by and among the Registrant, EIG Investors Corp., the other guarantors party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, as Administrative Agent	10-Q	001-36131	May 9, 2016	10.14
21.1	Subsidiaries of the Registrant					X
23.1	Consent of BDO USA, LLP, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm					X
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended					X

137

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31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document



*	Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Endurance agrees to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit upon request.
#	Management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or agreement.
+	Confidential treatment requested as to portions of the exhibit. Confidential materials omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

138

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.




	ENDURANCE INTERNATIONAL GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

Date: February 21, 2019	By:	/s/ Jeffrey H. Fox
		Jeffrey H. Fox
		Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Jeffrey H. Fox	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director	February 21, 2019
Jeffrey H. Fox	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Marc Montagner	Chief Financial Officer	February 21, 2019
Marc Montagner	(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Timothy Mathews	Chief Accounting Officer	February 21, 2019
Timothy Mathews	(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ James C. Neary	Chairman of the Board	February 21, 2019
James C. Neary
/s/ Andrea J. Ayers	Director	February 21, 2019
Andrea J. Ayers
/s/ Dale Crandall	Director	February 21, 2019
Dale Crandall
/s/ Joseph P. DiSabato	Director	February 21, 2019
Joseph P. DiSabato
/s/ Tomas Gorny	Director	February 21, 2019
Tomas Gorny
/s/ Michael Hayford	Director	February 21, 2019
Michael Hayford
/s/ Peter J. Perrone	Director	February 21, 2019
Peter J. Perrone
/s/ Chandler J. Reedy	Director	February 21, 2019
Chandler J. Reedy

139

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/s/ Justin L. Sadrian	Director	February 21, 2019
Justin L. Sadrian

140

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “ Agreement ”), made and entered into as of 10/29/2018 by and between Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors and assigns permitted under this Agreement, the “ Company ”) and Christine Barry (the “ Executive ”).

W I T N E S S E T H :

WHEREAS, the Company desires to continue to employ the Executive as its Chief Services Officer as of and following the Effective Date (as defined below) and desires to memorialize the terms and conditions of such employment in this Agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is mutually acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement, capitalized terms shall have the meanings set forth in this Agreement. The following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:

(a) “ Affiliate ” of a Person shall mean a Person that directly or indirectly Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with the Person specified.

(b) “ Annual Bonus ” shall mean the annual cash bonus, if any, payable to the Executive in respect of any given calendar year pursuant to Section 5 of this Agreement.

(c) “ Base Salary ” shall mean the annual rate of base salary provided for in Section 4 below or any increased annual rate of base salary granted to the Executive pursuant to Section 4 of this Agreement.

(d) “ Board ” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

(e) “ Cause ” shall mean:

(i) a continued failure of the Executive to perform her duties and responsibilities (other than as a result of physical or mental illness or injury) after receipt of written notice from the Board of such failure, provided that the Executive shall have 30 calendar days after the date of receipt of such notice in which to cure such failure (to the extent cure is possible);

(ii) the Executive’s willful misconduct or gross negligence which is materially injurious to the Company or any of its Affiliates (whether financially, reputationally or otherwise);

(iii) a breach by the Executive of her fiduciary duty or duty of loyalty to the Company or its Affiliates which is materially injurious to the Company or any of its Affiliates (whether financially, reputationally or otherwise);

(iv) the indictment of the Executive for any felony or other serious crime involving moral turpitude; or

(v) the Executive’s (A) breach of any restrictive covenant regarding competition or solicitation or (B) material breach of any other restrictive covenant (including, without limitation, non-disclosure of confidential information), in each case to which she is subject pursuant to this Agreement or any other agreement with the Company or any of its Affiliates (the “ Restrictive Covenants ”); provided that, in the case of a breach described in clause (v)(B) above, the Board shall provide the Executive with written notice of such breach and the Executive shall have 30 calendar days after the date of receipt of such notice in which to cure such failure (to the extent cure is possible).

If, within the three-month period immediately following the Termination Date, it is discovered that the Executive engaged in conduct which could have resulted in the Executive’s employment with the Company being terminated for Cause, as such term is defined above, the Participant’s employment shall, at the election of the Board, in its sole discretion, be deemed to have been terminated for Cause retroactively to the date the events giving rise to Cause occurred.

(f) A “ Change in Control ” shall mean the occurrence of one or more of the following events:

(i) the acquisition by an individual, entity or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and amended (the “ Exchange Act ”)) (a “ 13D Person ”) of beneficial ownership of any capital stock of the Company if, after such acquisition, such 13D Person beneficially owns (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) 50% or more of either (x) the then-outstanding shares of common stock of the Company (the “ Outstanding Company Common Stock ”) or (y) the combined voting power of the then-outstanding securities of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “ Outstanding Company Voting Securities ”); provided , however, that for purposes of this subsection (i), the following acquisitions shall not constitute a Change in Control: (I) any acquisition directly from the Company (excluding an acquisition pursuant to the exercise, conversion or exchange of any security exercisable for, convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or voting securities of the Company, unless the 13D Person exercising, converting or exchanging such security acquired such security directly from the Company or an underwriter or agent of the Company) or (II) any acquisition by any corporation pursuant to a Business Combination (as defined below) which complies with clauses (x) and (y) of subsection (iii) of this definition; or

(ii) a change in the composition of the Board that results in the Continuing Directors (as defined below) no longer constituting a majority of the Board (or, if applicable, the Board of Directors of a successor corporation to the Company), where the term

“ Continuing Director ” means at any date a member of the Board (x) who was a member of the Board on the date of the initial adoption of this Agreement by the Board or (y) who was nominated or elected subsequent to such date by at least a majority of the directors who were Continuing Directors at the time of such nomination or election or whose election to the Board was recommended or endorsed by at least a majority of the directors who were Continuing Directors at the time of such nomination or election; provided , however, that there shall be excluded from this clause (y) any individual whose initial assumption of office occurred as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents, by or on behalf of a person other than the Board; or

(iii) the consummation of a merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization or share exchange involving the Company or a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (a “ Business Combination ”), unless, immediately following such Business Combination, each of the following two conditions is satisfied: (x) all or substantially all of the individuals and entities who were the beneficial owners of the Outstanding Company Common Stock and Outstanding Company Voting Securities immediately prior to such Business Combination beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the then-outstanding shares of common stock and the combined voting power of the then-outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, respectively, of the resulting or acquiring corporation in such Business Combination (which shall include, without limitation, a corporation which as a result of such transaction owns the Company or substantially all of the Company’s assets either directly or through one or more subsidiaries) (such resulting or acquiring corporation is referred to herein as the “ Acquiring Corporation ”) in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Outstanding Company Common Stock and Outstanding Company Voting Securities, respectively, immediately prior to such Business Combination and (y) no 13D Person (excluding any employee benefit plan (or related trust) maintained or sponsored by the Company or by the Acquiring Corporation) beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the then-outstanding shares of common stock of the Acquiring Corporation, or of the combined voting power of the then-outstanding securities of such corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (except to the extent that such ownership existed prior to the Business Combination); or

(iv) the liquidation or dissolution of the Company;

provided, however, that to the extent required with respect to any payment hereunder that is subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Change in Control must be a “change in control event” within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(5)(i).

(g) “ Change in Control Period ” shall mean the period beginning on the date on which a Change in Control is consummated and ending on the one-year anniversary thereof.

(h) “ COBRA ” shall mean the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act.

(i) “ Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(j) “ Company Employee ” shall mean an employee, director or independent contractor of or for the Company or any of its Affiliates (to the extent such Affiliate is engaged in a Competing Business).

(k) “ Competing Business ” shall mean any business engaged in a line of business in which the Company or its subsidiaries (i) is engaged as of the Termination Date, (ii) has memorialized plans (electronically or otherwise) to become engaged within the six-month period immediately following the Termination Date or (iii) has plans of which the Executive knows (or of which there is a reasonable expectation that the Executive should have known) to become engaged within the six-month period immediately following the Termination Date.

(l) “ Control ” shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

(m) “ Effective Date ” shall mean the date specified in Section 2 below.

(n) “ Person ” shall mean an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, trust or joint venture, or a governmental agency or political subdivision thereof.

(o) “ Restricted Period ” shall mean the period beginning on the Termination Date and ending eighteen months after the Termination Date.

(p) “ Stock Incentive Plan ” shall mean the Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (or its successor).

(q) “ Termination Date ” shall mean the date specified in Section 9(b).

(r) “ Term of Employment ” shall mean the period specified in Section 2 below (including any extension as provided therein).

(s) “ Work Product ” shall mean all ideas, works of authorship, inventions and other creations, whether or not patentable, copyrightable, or subject to other intellectual-property protection, that are made, conceived, developed or worked on in whole or in part by the Executive while employed by the Company and/or any of its Affiliates, that relate in any manner whatsoever to the business, existing or proposed, of the Company and/or any of its Affiliates, or any other business or research or development effort in which the Company and/or any of its Affiliates engages during the Term of Employment.

2. TERM OF EMPLOYMENT.

The Term of Employment shall begin on October 29, 2018 (the “ Effective Date ”). Subject to the terms hereof, the Term of Employment shall extend until the second anniversary of

the Effective Date. Commencing on the second anniversary of the Effective Date and on each anniversary thereafter, the Term of Employment shall be renewed automatically for succeeding terms of (1) year, unless either Party gives written notice to the other Party at least ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the then-current term of the intention not to renew (a “ Non-Renewal Notice ”). If a Non-Renewal Notice is provided by either Party, then the Executive’s employment with the Company shall cease as of the end of the then-current Term of Employment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Term of Employment may be earlier terminated by either Party in accordance with the provisions of Section 8, 9, and 10 of this Agreement, and in such event the Term of Employment shall end on the Termination Date.

3. POSITION, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

(a) During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be employed as the Chief Services Officer of the Company and shall have such duties, responsibilities and authority as shall be reasonably determined from time to time by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the “ CEO ”). Further, the Executive shall (i) serve on such boards of directors of subsidiaries of the Company and/or (ii) hold such corporate officer titles and positions of the Company and any of its subsidiaries, as may be requested by the CEO in his sole discretion, in any such case without additional compensation therefor. The Executive, in carrying out her duties under this Agreement, shall report directly to the CEO. During the Term of Employment, subject to Section 3(b) and except for permitted vacation periods and reasonable periods of illness, the Executive shall devote substantially all of her business time and attention to the performance of her duties hereunder and shall use her reasonable best efforts, skills and abilities to promote the Company’s interests.

(b) Nothing herein shall preclude the Executive from (i) continuing to serve as a director and advisor on the board of directors of the corporations and entities set forth on Schedule I hereto, (ii) serving on up to one other board of directors (or advisory committee) of a corporation or entity with the prior express written consent of the Board (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld), (iii) serving on the boards of a reasonable number of trade associations and civic or charitable organizations and (iv) managing personal investments, so long as such activities set forth in this Section 3(b) do not conflict or materially interfere with the effective discharge of her duties and responsibilities under Section 3(a) above.

4. BASE SALARY.

During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be paid an annualized gross Base Salary, payable in accordance with the regular payroll practices of the Company, of $357,000. The Base Salary shall be reviewed annually for increase (but not decrease) in the sole discretion of the Board.

5. ANNUAL BONUS OPPORTUNITY.

During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be eligible to earn an Annual Bonus pursuant to the terms and conditions of any annual Management Incentive Plan adopted by the Company in respect of 2018 and each successive full fiscal year occurring during

the Term of Employment, subject to the Executive’s continued employment through the date on which payments are made under the applicable Management Incentive Plan. The target amount of the Annual Bonus (the “ Target Annual Bonus Opportunity ”) shall be 50% of the Executive’s Base Salary.

6. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAMS.

During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in any employee retirement, welfare and fringe benefit plans and programs made available to the Company’s senior executive officer level employees generally, as such plans or programs may be in effect from time to time. The Company shall pay the expenses associated with the Executive’s participation in such benefit plans to the same extent the Company pays the expenses associated with the participation by other similarly situated senior executive officer level employees of the Company.

7. REIMBURSEMENT OF BUSINESS AND OTHER EXPENSES; PERQUISITES; VACATIONS.

(a) Business Expenses . The Executive is authorized to incur reasonable expenses in carrying out her duties and responsibilities under this Agreement and the Company shall promptly reimburse her for all reasonable business expenses incurred in connection with the performance of her duties hereunder, subject to the Executive’s provision of reasonable documentation of such expenses in accordance with the Company’s business expense reimbursement policy as may be in effect from time to time.

(b) Perquisites . During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be entitled to any perquisites that are generally offered to other senior executive officers of the Company, on terms and conditions as determined by the Company from time to time.

8. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT.

(a) Death . The Executive shall terminate employment with the Company, and the Term of Employment shall terminate, upon the Executive’s death.

(b) Disability . The Company shall be entitled to terminate the Executive’s employment for Disability if the Executive has experienced a permanent disability as defined in the Company’s long-term disability plans (a “ Disability ”). The termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company for Disability shall not be considered a termination without Cause for purposes of this Agreement.

(c) For or Without Cause or Voluntarily (Other Than for Good Reason) . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment for Cause or without Cause. The Executive may voluntarily terminate her employment, other than for Good Reason (“ Voluntary

Resignation ”), provided that the Executive provides the Company with notice of her intent to terminate her employment at least thirty (30) days in advance of the Termination Date.

(d) Good Reason . The Executive may terminate her employment with the Company for Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Good Reason ” shall mean, in connection with the Executive’s termination of employment, the occurrence of any of the following events without her consent:

(i) a material diminution in the Executive’s duties and responsibilities other than a change in the Executive’s duties and responsibilities that results from becoming part of a larger organization following a Change in Control;

(ii) the Company’s material breach of this Agreement, including the failure to timely pay Base Salary or any other amounts due under this Agreement; or

(iii) a relocation of the Executive’s primary work location after the Effective Date such that her daily commute is increased by more than 40 miles;

provided that, within 30 days following the occurrence of any of the events set forth in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii), the Executive shall have delivered written notice to the Company of her intention to terminate her employment for Good Reason, which notice specifies in reasonable detail the circumstances claimed to give rise to the Executive’s right to terminate employment for Good Reason, and the Company shall not have cured such circumstances within 30 days following the Company’s receipt of such notice.

9. PROCEDURE FOR TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT.

(a) Notice of Termination of Employment . Any termination of the Executive’s employment with the Company (other than a termination of employment on account of the death of the Executive) shall be communicated by written “ Notice of Termination ” to the other party hereto in accordance with Section 25 hereof.

(b) Termination Date . The Termination Date shall mean: (i) if the Executive’s termination of employment occurs due to the Executive’s death, the date of the Executive’s death; (ii) if the Executive’s termination of employment occurs due to the Executive’s Disability, the date on which the Executive receives a Notice of Termination from the Company; (iii) if the Executive’s termination of employment occurs due to the Executive’s Voluntary Resignation, the date specified in the notice given pursuant to Section 8(c) hereof, which shall not be less than thirty (30) days after Company’s receipt of the Notice of Termination; (iv) if the Executive’s termination of employment occurs due to the Executive’s termination for Good Reason, the date of her termination in accordance with Section 8(d) hereof; (v) if the Executive’s termination of employment occurs pursuant to a non-renewal of the Term of Employment by either Party, the end of the then-current Term of Employment; and (vi) if the Executive’s termination of employment occurs for any other reason, the date on which a Notice of Termination is given or any later date (within thirty (30) days, or any alternative time period agreed upon by the Parties,

after the giving of such Notice of Termination) set forth in such Notice of Termination. Effective as of the Termination Date, unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Executive shall be deemed to have resigned from any and all positions she then holds with the Company and its Affiliates.

10. PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT.

(a) Termination Due to Death or Disability . In the event that the Executive’s employment hereunder is terminated due to her death or Disability, the Executive (or her estate or her beneficiaries, in the event of her death), shall be entitled to receive:

(i) Payment in respect of (A) her accrued but unpaid Base Salary through the Termination Date, (B) any unpaid business expense reimbursements due to the Executive under Section 7 of this Agreement and (C) notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 5 of this Agreement or the applicable Management Incentive Plan, in the event that the Termination Date occurs after the end of a fiscal year, but prior to the date on which the Annual Bonus earned by the Executive with respect to such fiscal year is paid to the Executive, payment of such Annual Bonus ((A), (B) and (C) together, the “ Accrued Amounts ”). The Accrued Amounts shall be paid as soon as reasonably practicable, but no later than thirty (30) days, following the Termination Date; and

(ii) any amounts or benefits to which the Executive is then entitled under the terms of the benefit plans then-sponsored by the Company in accordance with their terms (and not accelerated to the extent acceleration does not satisfy Section 409A of the Code).

(b) Termination by the Company for Cause, Voluntary Resignation or Termination Due to Non-Renewal . In the event the Company terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder for Cause or in the event of a Voluntary Resignation, or the Executive’s employment hereunder is terminated as a result of the delivery of a Non-Renewal Notice, the Executive shall be entitled to receive:

1. payment of the Accrued Amounts as soon as reasonably practicable, but no later than thirty (30) days, following the Termination Date; and

2. any amounts or benefits to which the Executive is then entitled under the terms of the benefit plans then-sponsored by the Company in accordance with their terms (and not accelerated to the extent acceleration does not satisfy Section 409A of the Code).

(i) In the event that the Executive’s employment hereunder is (x) terminated by the Company without Cause, other than due to Disability or death

or (y) the Executive resigns for Good Reason, the Executive shall be entitled to receive:

(A) payment of the Accrued Amounts as soon as reasonably practicable, but no later than thirty (30) days, following the Termination Date;

(B) any amounts or benefits to which the Executive is then entitled under the terms of the benefit plans then-sponsored by the Company in accordance with their terms (and not accelerated to the extent acceleration does not satisfy Section 409A of the Code); and

(C) subject to (x) the Executive’s satisfaction of the Release Requirements and (y) the Executive’s continued compliance with the Restrictive Covenants:

(1) continued payment of Base Salary at the annualized rate in effect on the Termination Date for a period of:


(A)	if the Termination Date does not occur within the Change in Control Period, twelve (12) months following the Termination Date; or


(B)	if the Termination Date does occur within the Change in Control Period, eighteen (18) months following the Termination Date,

in either case payable in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary payroll practices;

(2) payment of the Target Annual Bonus Opportunity in effect on the Termination Date, payable in equal monthly installments over a period of:


(A)	twelve (12) months following the Termination Date if the Termination Date does not occur within the Change in Control Period; or


(B)	eighteen (18) months following the Termination Date if the Termination Date does occur within the Change in Control Period,

in either case payable in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary payroll practices; and

(3) provided the Executive is eligible for and timely elects to continue receiving group medical insurance under COBRA, pay

(but in no event for longer than eighteen (18) months following the Executive’s Termination Date) for such COBRA coverage (the “ COBRA Amount ”); provided , however , that if the Executive becomes re-employed with another employer and becomes eligible for medical insurance coverage under a plan maintained by such employer, the Executive shall be obligated to provide the Company with written notice of her new employment within five (5) business days of obtaining such new employment and the reimbursement by the Company of the COBRA Amount shall cease and the Company shall have no further obligation in connection therewith; and provided , further , that if the Company’s provision of the COBRA Amount will violate the nondiscrimination requirements of applicable law, this benefit will not apply.

(ii) Payments to be made under Section 10(c)(i)(C) (the “ Severance Payments ”) shall be provided or shall commence on the 60 ^th day after the Termination Date (the “ Release Date ”), provided that, as of the 52nd day after the Termination Date, the Release Requirements are satisfied. If the Release Requirements are not satisfied as of the 52nd day after the Termination Date (and the Release has been provided to the Executive as of the Termination Date), then the Executive shall not be entitled to any payments or benefits under the foregoing subsections and the Company and its Affiliates shall have no further obligations in connection therewith. If the Release Requirements are satisfied, then the portion of the Severance Payments which would otherwise have been paid during the period between the Termination Date and the Release Date shall instead be paid as soon as reasonably practicable following the Release Date. For purposes of this Agreement, the “ Release Requirements ” shall be satisfied if, as of the applicable date, the Executive has executed a general release of claims against the Company and its Affiliates in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A and the revocation period required by applicable law has expired without the Executive’s revocation of such release.

(d) No Mitigation Requirement or Offset . In the event of any termination of employment under this Section 10, the Executive shall be under no obligation to seek other employment and, except as otherwise provided in Section 10(c)(i)(C)(3), there shall be no offset against amounts due the Executive under this Agreement on account of any remuneration attributable to any subsequent employment that she may obtain.

(e) No Other Severance Benefits . Except as specifically set forth in this Agreement, the Executive covenants and agrees that the Executive shall not be entitled to any other form of severance or termination payments or benefits from the Company, including, without limitation, payments or benefits otherwise payable under any of the Company’s regular severance policies.

(f) Nature of Payments . Any amounts due under this Section 10 are in the nature of severance payments considered to be reasonable by the Company and the Executive and are not in the nature of a penalty.

11. RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS.

(a) Non-Competition . The Executive will abide by the one-year post-employment non-compete covenant set forth in paragraph 11 of the Confidentiality, Proprietary Information and Non-Disclosure Agreement dated on or about September 20, 2017 between Executive and the Company (the “ Existing Noncompete Provision ”), which is incorporated into this Agreement by this reference.

(b) Non-Solicitation .

(i) During the Term of Employment and the Restricted Period, the Executive will not, whether on the Executive’s own behalf or on behalf of or in conjunction with any person, company, business entity or other organization whatsoever, solicit or hire, or attempt to solicit or hire:

(A) any customer or supplier of the Company or any of its Affiliates in connection with any business activity that then competes with the Company or such Affiliate(s) or to terminate or alter in a manner adverse to the Company or such Affiliate(s) such customer’s or supplier’s relationship with the Company or such Affiliate(s); or

(B) any Company Employee or individual who was a Company Employee within the six-month period immediately prior thereto to terminate or otherwise alter his or her employment with, and/or provision of services for, the Company or its Affiliates.

(i) The Executive hereby agrees that, during the Term of Employment and thereafter, other than in the proper performance of her duties for the Company and its Affiliates, she will hold in strict confidence any proprietary information or Confidential Information related to the Company or any of its Affiliates. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “ Confidential Information ” shall mean all information of the Company or any of its Affiliates (in whatever form) which is not generally known to the public, including without limitation any inventions, processes, methods of distribution, customer lists or customers’ or trade secrets, provided that Confidential Information shall not include (A) information the Executive is required to disclose by applicable law, regulation or legal process so long as the Executive notifies the Company promptly (it being understood that “promptly” shall mean “prior to” unless prior notice is not possible, in which case “promptly” shall mean as soon as practicable following) of the Executive’s obligation to disclose Confidential Information by applicable law, regulation or

legal process and cooperates with the Company to limit the extent of such disclosure, or (B) any information that is or becomes publicly known through no fault of the Executive.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Executive is not prohibited from reporting possible violations of federal law or regulations to any governmental agency or entity, including but not limited to the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Congress, and any agency Inspector General, or making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of federal law or regulation and the Executive is not required to obtain the Company’s approval or notify the Company that the Executive intends to make or has made such a report or disclosure. Further, the Executive is hereby advised as follows pursuant to the Defend Trade Secrets Act: “An individual shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or State trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that (A) is made (i) in confidence to a Federal, State, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and (ii) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (B) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. An individual who files a lawsuit for retaliation by an employer for reporting a suspected violation of law may disclose the trade secret to the attorney of the individual and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, if the individual (A) files any document containing the trade secret under seal; and (B) does not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order.”

(ii) The Executive agrees that at the time of the termination of her employment with the Company, whether at the insistence of the Executive or the Company, and regardless of the reasons therefor, she will deliver to the Company, and not keep or deliver to anyone else, any and all notes, files, memoranda, papers and, in general, any and all physical and electronic matter containing Confidential Information, including any and all documents significant to the conduct of the business of the Company or any subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company which are in her possession, except for any documents for which the Company or any subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company has given written consent to removal at the time of the termination of the Executive’s employment.

(d) Non-Disparagement . The Executive agrees that she will not, any time during the Term of Employment and on or after the time of the termination of her employment with the Company for any reason, directly or indirectly, disparage (i) the Company or its Affiliates, (ii) the business, property or assets of the Company or its Affiliates, or (iii) any of the former, current or future officers, directors, employees or shareholders of the Company or its Affiliates. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause its officers and members of the Board (in their individual capacities or on behalf of the Company) not to, at any time during the Term of Employment and on or after the time of the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company for any reason, directly or indirectly, make or publish any disparaging

statements or remarks about the Executive. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to limit the ability of Executive or the Company’s officers or members of the Board (in their individual capacities or on behalf of the Company) to give truthful testimony pursuant to valid legal process, including but not limited to, a subpoena, court order or a government investigative matter.

(e) Injunctive Relief; Effect of Violation on Severance Payments . It is impossible to measure in money the damages that will accrue to the Company or any of its Affiliates in the event that the Executive breaches any of the Restrictive Covenants. In the event that the Executive breaches any such Restrictive Covenant, the Company or any of its Affiliates shall be entitled to an injunction restraining the Executive from violating such Restrictive Covenant (without posting any bond). If the Company or any of its Affiliates shall institute any action or proceeding to enforce any such Restrictive Covenant, the Executive hereby waives the claim or defense that the Company or any of its Affiliates has an adequate remedy at law and agrees not to assert in any such action or proceeding the claim or defense that the Company or any of its Affiliates has an adequate remedy at law. The foregoing shall not prejudice the Company’s or any of its Affiliates’ other rights or remedies under applicable law or equity. In addition, the Company and the Executive agree that the Executive violates any Restrictive Covenant, the Company may cease payment of the Severance Payments and shall also be entitled to recoup any portion of the Severance Payments that were previously paid to the Executive.

12. WORK PRODUCT.

(a) In consideration of the Company’s promises and undertakings in this Agreement, the Executive agrees that all Work Product will be disclosed promptly by the Executive to the Company, shall be the sole and exclusive property of the Company, and is hereby assigned to the Company, regardless of whether (i) such Work Product was conceived, made, developed or worked on during regular hours of her employment or her time away from her employment, (ii) the Work Product was made at the suggestion of the Company; or (iii) the Work Product was reduced to drawing, written description, documentation, models or other tangible form. Without limiting the foregoing, the Executive acknowledges that all original works of authorship that are made by the Executive, solely or jointly with others, within the scope of her employment and that are protectable by copyright are “works made for hire,” as that term is defined in the United States Copyright Act (17 U.S.C., Section 101), and are therefore owned by the Company from the time of creation.

(b) The Executive agrees to assign, transfer, and set over, and the Executive does hereby assign, transfer, and set over to the Company, all of her right, title and interest in and to all Work Product, without the necessity of any further compensation, and agrees that the Company is entitled to obtain and hold in its own name all patents, copyrights, and other rights in respect of all Work Product. The Executive agrees to (i) cooperate with the Company during and after her employment with the Company in obtaining patents or copyrights or other intellectual-property protection for all Work Product; (ii) execute, acknowledge, seal and deliver all documents tendered by the Company to evidence its ownership thereof throughout the world; and (iii) cooperate with the Company in obtaining, defending and enforcing its rights therein.

(c) The Executive represents that there are no other contracts to assign inventions or other intellectual property that are now in existence between the Executive and any other Person. The Executive further represents that she has no other employment or undertakings that might restrict or impair her performance of this Agreement. The Executive will not in connection with her employment by the Company, use or disclose to the Company any confidential, trade secret, or other proprietary information of any previous employer or other Person that the Executive is not lawfully entitled to disclose.

13. POST-TERMINATION OBLIGATIONS.

Following the Term of Employment the Executive shall, upon reasonable notice, use her reasonable best efforts to assist and cooperate with the Company and its counsel by providing such information and assistance to the Company as may reasonably be required by the Company to the extent permitted by law at the Company’s expense in connection with any existing or threatened claim, arbitral hearing, litigation, action or governmental or other investigation involving the conduct of business of the Company or its Affiliates not commenced by the Executive. The Executive’s obligation to cooperate shall be reasonably limited so as not to unreasonably interfere with her other business obligations, and shall not exceed one hundred (100) hours.

14. ARBITRATION.

(a) Any dispute, claim or controversy arising under or in connection with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment hereunder or the termination thereof, other than injunctive relief under Section 11 hereof, shall be settled exclusively by arbitration administered by the American Arbitration Association (the “ AAA ”) and carried out in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the AAA rules governing commercial arbitration in effect at the time of the arbitration, except as modified herein. There shall be one arbitrator, mutually selected by the Company and the Executive from a list of arbitrators provided by the AAA within thirty (30) days of receipt by respondent of the demand for arbitration. If the Company and Executive cannot mutually agree on an arbitrator within thirty (30) days, then the parties shall request that the AAA appoint the arbitrator and the arbitrator shall be appointed by the AAA within fifteen (15) days of receiving such request.

(b) The arbitration shall commence within forty-five (45) days after the appointment of the arbitrator; the arbitration shall be completed within sixty (60) days of commencement; and the arbitrator’s award shall be made within thirty (30) days following such completion. The parties may agree to extend the time limits specified in the foregoing sentence.

(c) The arbitrator may award any form of relief permitted under this Agreement and applicable law, including damages and temporary or permanent injunctive relief, except that the arbitral tribunal is not empowered to award damages in excess of compensatory damages, and each party hereby irrevocably waives any right to recover punitive, exemplary or similar damages with respect to any dispute. The arbitrator may award attorney’s fees. The award shall be in writing and shall state the reasons for the award.

(d) The decision rendered by the arbitral tribunal shall be final and binding on the parties to this Agreement. Judgment may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction. The parties hereto waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any rights to appeal to, or to seek review of such award by, any court. The parties hereto further agree to obtain the arbitral tribunal’s agreement to preserve the confidentiality of the arbitration.

15. LEGAL FEES AND INDEMNIFICATION.

(a) Except as specifically provided in Section 14(c), each Party shall bear the cost of any legal fees and other fees and expenses which may be incurred in connection with the negotiation of, and enforcing its respective rights under, this Agreement.

(b) During the Term of Employment and for so long as there exists liability thereafter with regard to the Executive’s activities during the Term of Employment on behalf of the Company, the Company shall indemnify the Executive to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law (and in no event in connection with the Executive’s gross negligence or willful misconduct), and shall at the Company’s election provide the Executive with legal representation or shall advance to the Executive reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses as such fees and expenses are incurred (subject to an undertaking from the Executive to repay such advances if it shall be finally determined by a judicial decision which is not subject to further appeal that the Executive was not entitled to the reimbursement of such fees and expenses).

(c) During the Term of Employment and for six years thereafter, the Executive shall be entitled to the same directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage that the Company provides generally to its other directors and officers, as may be amended from time to time for such directors and officers.

16. ASSIGNABILITY; BINDING NATURE.

This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors, heirs (in the case of the Executive) and assigns. Rights or obligations of the Company under this Agreement may be, and may only be, assigned or transferred by the Company pursuant to a merger or consolidation in which the Company is the continuing entity, or the sale or liquidation of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, provided that the assignee or transferee is the successor to all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and such assignee or transferee assumes the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company, as contained in this Agreement, either contractually or as a matter of law. No rights or obligations of the Executive under this Agreement may be assigned or transferred by the Executive other than her rights to compensation and benefits, which may be transferred only by will or operation of law, provided that any amount due hereunder to the Executive at the time of her death shall instead be paid to her estate or her designated beneficiary.

17. AMENDMENT OR WAIVER.

No provision in this Agreement may be amended unless such amendment is agreed to in writing and signed by the Executive and an authorized officer of the Company. No

waiver by either Party of any breach by the other Party of any condition or provision contained in this Agreement to be performed by such other Party shall be deemed a waiver of a similar or dissimilar condition or provision at the same or any prior or subsequent time. Any waiver must be in writing and signed by the Executive or an authorized officer of the Company, as the case may be.

18. SECTION 409A.

(a) It is the Parties’ intent that all payments pursuant to this Agreement be exempt from, or compliant with, Section 409A of the Code (“ Section 409A ”) and that this Agreement be interpreted acccordingly.

(b) The following rules shall apply with respect to distribution of the payments, if any, to be provided to the Executive under the Agreement, as applicable:

(i) It is intended that each installment of the payments under the Agreement shall be treated as a separate “payment” for purposes of Section 409A. Neither the Company nor the Executive shall have the right to accelerate or defer the delivery of any such payments except to the extent specifically permitted or required by Section 409A.

(ii) If, as of the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” from the Company, the Executive is not a “specified employee” (within the meaning of Section 409A), then each installment of the payments shall be made on the dates and terms otherwise set forth in this Agreement with respect to such payments.

(iii) If, as of the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” from the Company, the Executive is a “specified employee” (within the meaning of Section 409A), then:

(A) Each payment due under the Agreement that, in accordance with the dates and terms set forth herein, will in all circumstances, be paid within the short-term deferral period (as defined under Section 409A) shall be treated as a short-term deferral within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(4) to the maximum extent permissible under Section 409A and shall be paid on the dates and terms otherwise set forth in the Agreement with respect to such payments; and

(B) Each payment due under the Agreement that is not described in Section 18(b)(iii)(A) and that would, absent this subsection, be paid within the six-month period following the Executive’s “separation from service” from the Company and on account of the Executive’s “separation from service” shall not be paid until the date that is six months and one day after such separation from service (or, if earlier, the Executive’s death), with any such payments that are required to be delayed

being accumulated during the six-month period and paid in a lump sum on the date that is six months and one day following the Executive’s separation from service and any subsequent payments, if any, being paid in accordance with the dates and terms otherwise set forth herein; provided, however, that the preceding provisions of this sentence shall not apply to any payment if and to the maximum extent that that such payment is deemed to be paid under a separation pay plan that does not provide for a deferral of compensation by reason of the application of Treasury Regulation 1.409A-1(b)(9)(iii) (relating to separation pay upon an involuntary separation from service). Any payment that qualifies for the exception under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(9)(iii) must be paid no later than the last day of the Executive’s second taxable year following the taxable year in which the separation from service occurs.

(c) Subject to this Section 18, any payments that may be due under the Agreement on account of termination of employment shall begin only upon the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (determined as set forth below) which occurs on or after the termination of the Executive’s employment. The determination of whether and when the Executive’s separation from service from the Company has occurred shall be made and in a manner consistent with, and based on the presumptions set forth in, Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h). Solely for purposes of this Section 18(c), “Company” shall include all persons with whom the Company would be considered a single employer under Section 414(b) and 414(c) of the Code.

(d) All reimbursements and in-kind benefits provided under this Agreement shall be made or provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A to the extent that such reimbursements or in-kind benefits are subject to Section 409A, including, where applicable, the requirements that (i) any reimbursement is for expenses incurred during the Executive’s lifetime (or during a shorter period of time specified in this Agreement), (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement during a calendar year may not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other calendar year, (iii) the reimbursement of an eligible expense will be made on or before the last day of the calendar year following the year in which the expense is incurred and (iv) the right to reimbursement is not subject to set off or liquidation or exchange for any other benefit.

(e) The Company makes no representation or warranty and shall have no liability to the Executive or to any other Person if any of the provisions of the Agreement are determined to constitute deferred compensation subject to Section 409A but that do not satisfy an exemption from, or the conditions of, that section.

19. SEVERABILITY.

In the event that any provision or portion of this Agreement shall be determined to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions of this

Agreement shall be unaffected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect to the fullest extent permitted by law so as to achieve the purposes of this Agreement.

20. SURVIVORSHIP.

The respective rights and obligations of the Parties hereunder shall survive any termination of this Agreement to the extent necessary to achieve the intended preservation of such rights and obligations. In particular, the provisions of Sections 10, 11, 12 and 13 shall remain in effect as long as is necessary to give effect thereto.

21. REFERENCES.

In the event of the Executive’s death or a judicial determination of her incompetence, reference in this Agreement to the Executive shall be deemed, where appropriate, to refer to her beneficiary, estate or other legal representative.

22. GOVERNING LAW.

This Agreement shall be governed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts without reference to its principles of conflict of laws.

23. WITHHOLDING.

The Company shall be entitled to withhold from any payment to the Executive any amount of tax withholding required by applicable law at the times dictated by applicable law.

24. HEADINGS.

The headings of the sections contained in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not be deemed to control or affect the meaning or construction of any provision of this Agreement.

25. NOTICES.

All notices and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given when (a) delivered personally, (b) delivered by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested or (c) delivered by overnight courier (provided that a written acknowledgment of receipt is obtained by the overnight courier) to the Party concerned at the address indicated below or to such changed address as such Party may subsequently give such notice of:

If to the Company :

Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.
10 Corporate Drive
Suite 300
Burlington, MA 01803
Attention: General Counsel

If to the Executive , to the most recent address shown on the records of the Company.

26. ENTIRE AGREEMENT.

This Agreement contains the entire understanding and agreement between the Parties concerning the subject matter hereof and supersedes in all respects any prior agreements, understandings, discussions, negotiations and undertakings, whether written or oral, between the Parties with respect thereto, other than the Existing Noncompete Provision, which is incorporated into this Agreement by reference. Under no circumstances shall the Executive be entitled to any other payments or benefits of any kind, except for the payments and benefits described or referred to herein, unless otherwise agreed to the Company and the Executive in writing.

27. COUNTERPARTS.

This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

ENDURANCE INTERNATIONAL GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

By: /s/ David C. Bryson
Name: David C. Bryson
Title: Chief Legal Officer

EXECUTIVE:

/s/ Christine Barry
Christine Barry

[Signature Page for Employment Agreement]

Schedule I

Existing Board of Directors

Junior Achievement of Northern New England (nonprofit organization)

EXHIBIT A

Form of Release

[ The language in this Release may change, in the discretion of the Company, based on legal developments and evolving best practices, as well as an individual employee’s circumstances; this form is provided as an example of what will be included in the final Release document. ]

SEPARATION AND RELEASE AGREEMENT

1. I, (Insert Name) , hereby acknowledge that my employment by Endurance International Group (the “Company”) has ended as of (Insert Date) , (the “Termination Date”). I further acknowledge that I have already received all compensation of any type whatsoever to which I am entitled through my Termination Date from the Company or from any other “Released Party” (as that term is defined in Paragraph 4 below), including, without limitation, all wages, overtime, bonuses, commissions, and accrued but unused vacation pay.

2. Severance Payments . In exchange for the Company’s receipt of this Release, signed by me, [and provided I do not revoke this Release in the manner specified in Paragraph 14 herein within seven (7) days after signing it,] the Company will provide to me the Severance Payments (as described in my employment agreement with the Company dated __________________ (the “Employment Agreement”) on the terms and conditions set forth therein). I agree and acknowledge that the Severance Payments constitute payments or benefits to which I would not be entitled if I did not sign this Release. I understand that information will be provided to me about my right to continue health benefits through the Company through the federal law known as COBRA.

3. Release of Claims . In consideration of the Severance Payments, I, on behalf of myself, my heirs, assigns, legal representatives, successors in interest, and any person claiming through me or any of them, hereby completely release and forever discharge all “Released Parties” (as that term is defined in paragraph 4 below) from any and all claims, demands or liabilities whatsoever, based on any act or omission occurring before my signing of this Release, including, without limitation, any claims, demands or liabilities arising out of my employment with any Released Party or the ending of such employment. The matters released include, but are not limited to, any claim arising under: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1991; the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988; the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; the Federal Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993; the Equal Pay Act; the Ralph Civil Rights Act; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act; the Older Workers’ Benefit Protection Act; the Massachusetts General Laws; the Massachusetts Fair Employment Practice Act; the Massachusetts Wage Act; any federal, state or local law, regulation or ordinance regulating wages, hours and working conditions; any action based on any alleged breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, fraudulent inducement or any other tort; any violation of public policy or statutory or constitutional rights; any claim for severance pay, bonus or similar benefit, sick leave, pension, retirement, vacation pay, holiday pay, stock options, car allowance, life insurance, health or medical insurance, or any other fringe benefit; any claim for

ActiveUS 161380099v.3

reimbursement of health or medical costs; and any claim for disability. Notwithstanding anything in this release to the contrary, this release shall not effect a release of any claim I may have for post-termination rights or benefits under my Employment Agreement and any claim for indemnification from the Company under my Employment Agreement or otherwise.

4. “ Released Parties” Defined . For purposes of this Release, the term “Released Parties” means the Company, and each of its respective parents, subsidiaries and affiliates, and all of the current and former employees, officers, directors, trustees, agents, representatives, shareholders, attorneys, accountants, partners, insurers, advisors, partnerships, joint venturers, successors and assigns, employee benefit programs (and the trustees, administrators, fiduciaries and insurers of such programs) of any of them, in their individual and official capacities, and the respective heirs and personal representatives of any of them, and any other persons acting by, through, under or in concert with any of them.

5. Release of Unknown Claims . I understand and agree that this Release extinguishes all claims I have ever had or now have against any Released Party, whether such claim is currently known or unknown, vested or contingent, foreseen or unforeseen. I understand that if any fact concerning any matter covered by this Release is found hereafter to be other than or different from the facts I now believe to be true, I expressly accept and assume that this Release shall be and remain effective, notwithstanding such difference in the facts.

6. No Claims . Except as permitted hereby, I agree that I will not file, nor encourage or knowingly permit another to file, any claim, charge, action, or complaint (collectively “Claim”) concerning any matter released herein. If I have previously filed any such Claim, I agree to take all steps necessary to cause it to be withdrawn without delay; provided, however, that nothing in this Release: (i) prevents me from (a) filing a Claim with, cooperating with, or participating in any proceeding before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or a state fair employment practices agency (except that I acknowledge that I may not recover any monetary benefits in connection with any such Claim, and I agree that if any such Claim is filed on my behalf, I shall take all reasonable steps necessary to refuse any damages or individualized relief in connection therewith), or (b) communicating with government agencies about possible violations of federal, state, or local laws or otherwise providing information to government agencies or participating in government agency investigations or proceedings; or (ii) shall limit or restrict my right to (a) challenge the validity of this Release under the ADEA, or (b) prosecute any ADEA claim if such claim arises after I sign this Release, and no such action on my part shall be deemed to violate this provision or any other provision of this Release.

7. Release Confidential . I represent and agree that I will keep the terms of this Release, including the amount of the Severance Payments, completely confidential, and that I will not disclose such information to anyone, except as follows: (a) to my immediate family and professional representatives (provided they agree to be bound by this confidentiality provision); (b) to any governmental authority; and (c) in response to subpoena or other legal process, provided that before making such disclosure (other than in response to a subpoena or other process issued by a government agency), I shall give the Company as much prior notice thereof as practical to enable the Company to seek, at its sole discretion, an appropriate order preventing such disclosure.

8. Continuing Obligations . Except as otherwise permitted by Section 6 above or my Employment Agreement, I acknowledge and reaffirm my obligation to keep confidential and not to use or disclose any and all non-public information concerning the Company that I acquired during the course of my employment with the Company, including, but not limited to, any non-public information concerning the Company’s business affairs, business prospects, and financial condition. I further acknowledge and reaffirm my confidentiality obligations set forth in the Non-Disclosure Agreement and my continuing obligations with respect to non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disparagement, and Company work product set forth in Sections 11 and 12 of my Employment Agreement, all of which remain in full force and effect.

9. Company Affiliation . I agree that, following the Termination Date, I will not hold myself out as an officer, employee, or otherwise as a representative of the Company, and I agree to update any directory information that indicates I am currently affiliated with the Company. Without limiting the foregoing, I confirm that, within five (5) days following the Termination Date, I will update any and all social media accounts (including, without limitation, LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and Four Square) to reflect that I am no longer employed by or associated with the Company.

10. Return of Company Property . I confirm that I have returned to the Company all keys, files, records (and copies thereof), equipment (including, but not limited to, computer hardware, software and printers, flash drives and storage devices, wireless handheld devices, cellular phones, smartphones, tablets, etc.), Company identification, and any other Company-owned property in my possession or control and have left intact all electronic Company documents, including but not limited to those that I developed or helped to develop during my employment. I further confirm that I have cancelled all accounts for my benefit, if any, in the Company’s name, including but not limited to, credit cards, telephone charge cards, cellular phone accounts, and computer accounts.

11. Entire Agreement . This Release constitutes the entire agreement between the Company and me as to any matter referred to in this Release. This Release supersedes all other agreements between the Company and me. In executing this Release, I am not relying upon any agreement, representation, written or oral statement, understanding, omission, or course of conduct that is not expressly set forth in this Release.

12. Governing Law; Arbitration . This Release shall be governed by and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Massachusetts, without regard to its conflicts of law principles. I acknowledge that I previously agreed, pursuant to Section 14 of my Employment Agreement, to arbitrate any claim relating to or arising out of my employment with the Company, and I acknowledge and affirm that such provision survives my termination from employment with the Company. For clarification, but not limitation, I further acknowledge and agree that any controversy or claim arising out of or in any way relating to this Release or the breach thereof shall also be settled by final and binding arbitration, consistent with the terms, procedures, and exceptions set forth in Section 14 of the Employment Agreement. I understand and agree that this arbitration provision shall not apply to claims brought in a court of competent jurisdiction by either me or any Released Party to compel arbitration under this provision, to

enforce an arbitration award or to obtain preliminary injunctive and/or other equitable relief in support of claims that may be prosecuted in an arbitration by me or any Released Party.

13. Successors and Assigns . This Release will bind and inure to the benefit of the successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives of the Released Parties and me.

14. Review Period . I acknowledge that prior to signing this Release, I have been advised to consult with an attorney of my choice to review the Release, and have taken such opportunity to the extent I wish to do so. I further acknowledge that the Company has given me at least twenty-one (21) days to decide whether I wish to execute this Release.

15. Revocation . I understand that I may revoke this Release at any time during the seven (7) days after I sign it (the “Last Revocation Day”), and that the Release shall not become effective until the end of that revocation period. I understand and agree that by executing, timely returning, and not revoking this Release, I am waiving any and all rights or claims I might have under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, as amended by the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, and that I have received consideration beyond that to which I was previously entitled. In the event I choose to revoke the Release, such revocation must be by means of a writing signed by me and delivered within the seven (7) day revocation period as follows: via facsimile or hand-delivery to Pam Clark at Endurance International Group., 10 Corporate Drive #300, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 or by facsimile number (602) 258-0588. If I revoke this Release via facsimile, I agree that my facsimile signature will be valid and binding for all purposes.

16. Modification in Writing . No provision of this Release may be modified, amended or waived except by a writing signed by me and an authorized representative of the Company.

17. No Admission of Liability . This Release shall not at any time or for any purpose be deemed an admission of liability of any kind by any Released Party. This Release may not be used or introduced as evidence in any legal proceeding, except to enforce or challenge its terms.

18. Headings . The headings, titles and captions contained in this Release are inserted only for the convenience of the parties and for reference, and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Release or the intent of any provision hereof.

19. Severability . If any provision of this Release shall, for any reason, be held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, in whole or in part, such adjudication shall in no way affect any other provisions of this Release or the validity or enforcement of the remainder of this Release, and any provision thus affected shall itself be modified only to the extent necessary to bring the provision within the applicable requirements of the law.

20. Timely Execution . To receive the Severance Payments, I must sign this Release on or after my Last Day Worked, and return it to the Company within twenty-one (21) days of my Last Day Worked, as follows: hand delivery or first-class mail to Pam Clark at Endurance

International Group., 10 Corporate Drive #200, Massachusetts 01803 or by facsimile number (602) 258-0588.

Sincerely,

The Endurance International Group, Inc.

By: ______________________________

Its: ______________________________

EMPLOYEE'S ACCEPTANCE OF RELEASE

I have read this Release and I understand all of its terms. I acknowledge and agree that this Release is executed voluntarily, without coercion, and with full knowledge of its significance. I further acknowledge that I have been given twenty-one (21) days during which to decide whether to execute this Release, and have used that time to the extent I wish to do so. I understand that my execution of this Release constitutes a full, unconditional general release of any and all known or unknown claims that I may have against any Released Party, despite the fact that I may become aware of claims in the future which I did not consider prior to signing this Release.

Date:__________________ ___________________________________

(Insert Employee Name)

Confidential Materials omitted and filed separately with the

Securities and Exchange Commission. Double asterisks denote omissions.

AMENDMENT

MASTER SERVICE AGREEMENT

This Amendment to Master Service Agreement (“ Amendment ”) is made and entered into as of this 30th day of November 2018 (“ Amendment Effective Date ”), by and between HostGator.com LLC, (“ Customer ”) and CyrusOne LLC (“ CyrusOne ”). CyrusOne and Customer shall be referred to herein, collectively, as the “Parties”. All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning assigned to them in the MSA, as defined below.

RECITALS

WHEREAS , CyrusOne and Customer are parties to a Master Service Agreement dated June 20, 2013 (collectively the “ MSA ”); and

WHEREAS , CyrusOne provides colocation services to Customer pursuant to the MSA; and

WHEREAS , the Parties have mutually agreed to amend the MSA in the limited manner set forth below.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants, promises, and consideration set forth in this Amendment, the Parties agree as follows:


1.	Amendments to the MSA


a.	Section 3.6. The last sentence of Section 3.6 is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

“If Customer chooses to terminate under this Section 3.6, the effective termination date shall be one hundred eighty (180) days after Customer provides notice of termination.”


b.	Section 4.1(c) . Section 4.1(c) is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

“If Customer fails to cure its breach (other than a payment breach, which is addressed in a) above of any of these terms or conditions in this Agreement, in any Order Form or Acceptable Use Policy within [**] days after written notice thereof provided by CyrusOne.”


c.	Section 5.4 . Section 5.4 is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

“ Limitation of Liability . Except in the case of a knowing, willful or intentional breach of Section 6 or in connection with CyrusOne’s indemnification obligations under Section 5.5, with respect to all claims or causes of action arising from any actual or alleged breach by CyrusOne of any representation, warranty, term, condition, undertaking or agreement contained in this Agreement or in any way related to Customer’s use of the Services, occupancy of the Colocation Space or presence in the Facility, the remedy available to Customer and any person claiming through the Customer shall be limited to, and CyrusOne’s maximum liability in the aggregate for the entire Term for any and all claims, shall not exceed the greater of (i) the total amount of monthly recurring fees paid by Customer during the twenty-four (24) months immediately preceding the month in which the claim arose; or (ii) $5,000,000.00 (“Damage Cap”); provided, however, the Damage Cap shall be increased to the total amount of Customer’s monthly recurring fees for thirty-six (36) months for claims resulting from CyrusOne’s breach of its obligations set forth in Section 6 (which are not knowing, willful or intentional).”


d.	Section 7.6 . The first sentence of Section 7.6 is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

“CyrusOne may not change the [**] without Customer’s prior approval in each instance.”


2.	Incorporation of Amendment . This Amendment shall be incorporated into and made part of the MSA, and all provisions of the MSA not expressly modified or amended hereby shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict between a provision of the MSA and this Amendment, the provisions of this Amendment will control.

Counterpart. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original and together which will constitute one and the same instrument. A validly executed counterpart that is delivered by one party to the other via electronic transmission (a “ Counterpart Image ”) will be valid and binding to the same extent as one delivered physically, provided that the valid signature is clearly visible in the Counterpart Image.

[Signature Page to Follow]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized representatives to be effective as of the Amendment Effective Date.

CyrusOne LLC

By: /s/ John Gould

Name: John Gould

Title: Executive Vice President, Sales

Hostgator.com LLC

By: /s/ Mike Lillie

Name: Mike Lillie

Title: CIO

Exhibit 21.1

Subsidiaries of the Registrant



Name	Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization	Names Under Which Subsidiary Does Business

EIG Investors Corp.	DE

The Endurance International Group, Inc.	DE	AccountSupport ApolloHosting Arvixe BizLand BlueDomino BuyDomains Cloud by IX Domain Privacy Service FBO Registrant DomainHost Dot5Hosting Dotster EasyCGI eHost EntryHost FatCow FreeYellow Globat Host Excellence HostCentric HostClear HostYourSite HyperMart IMOutdoors IPage IPower IX Web Hosting JustHost Netfirms NetWorks/Webhosting Nexx PowWeb PureHost Re.Vu ReadyHosting SEOGears Sitebuilder Sitelio Sitey Sprly Spry StartLogic SuperGreenHosting



		This Domain For Sale Worldwide 339 222 5132 Typepad USANetHosting Verio ViaVerio VirtualAve VPSLink WebHost4Life Websitebuilder WebstrikeSolutions Xeran Yourwebhosting

Bluehost Inc.	UT	Domain Privacy Service FBO Registrant HostClear JustHost Super Green Hosting Hostmonster Unified Layer

HostGator.com LLC	FL	AptHost BlueFur Nodel Site5 WebHostingSupport

Endurance International Group—West, Inc.	DE	1ASP Host Domain DLX Domain Registrations Domino Dotster FortuneCity Homestead Technologies HotGames MatchingPointHosting MyBlogSite NameWinner

Constant Contact, Inc.	DE

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.

Burlington, Massachusetts

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-214689) and Form S-8 (No. 333-191894, 333-209680 and 333-213095) of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. of our reports dated February 21, 2019, relating to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

BDO USA, LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 21, 2019

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Jeffrey H. Fox, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



Date: February 21, 2019	By:	/s/ Jeffrey H. Fox
		Jeffrey H. Fox Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Marc Montagner, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.;


a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and


a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



Date: February 21, 2019	By:	/s/ Marc Montagner
		Marc Montagner Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. for the period ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Jeffrey H. Fox, Chief Executive Officer of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge on the date hereof:


(1)	the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and


(2)	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.



Date: February 21, 2019	By:	/s/ Jeffrey H. Fox
		Jeffrey H. Fox Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. for the period ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Marc Montagner, Chief Financial Officer of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc., hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge on the date hereof:


(1)	the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and


(2)	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc.



Date: February 21, 2019	By:	/s/ Marc Montagner
		Marc Montagner Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)