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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number: 000-49842

 

 

CEVA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   77-0556376
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)
1174 Castro Street, Suite 210, Mountain View, California   94040
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

(650) 417-7900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share   NASDAQ GLOBAL MARKET

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes  ☐                     No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Yes  ☐                     No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  ☒                     No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes  ☒                     No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer   ☐  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company  

 

Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  ☐                     No  ☒

As of June 30, 2017, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $666,888,000 based on the closing sale price as reported on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System National Market System on June 30, 2017. Shares of common stock held by each officer, director, and holder of 5% or more of the outstanding common stock of the Registrant have been excluded from this calculation in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

Class

 

Outstanding at February 22, 2018

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share   22,219,427 shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 17, 2018 (the “2018 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Item 5 of Part II and Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of Part III.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I  
     Page  
Item 1.  

Business

     4  
Item 1A.  

Risk Factors

     13  
Item 1B.  

Unresolved Staff Comments

     25  
Item 2.  

Properties

     25  
Item 3.  

Legal Proceedings

     26  
Item 4.  

Mine Safety Disclosures

     26  
PART II  
Item 5.  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

     28  
Item 6.  

Selected Financial Data

     30  
Item 7.  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     32  
Item 7A.  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     51  
Item 8.  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

     52  
Item 9.  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

     52  
Item 9A.  

Controls and Procedures

     52  
Item 9B.  

Other Information

     53  
PART III  
Item 10.  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

     54  
Item 11.  

Executive Compensation

     54  
Item 12.  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stock Holder Matters

     54  
Item 13.  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

     54  
Item 14.  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

     54  
PART IV  
Item 15.  

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

     55  
Financial Statements      F-1  
Signatures   

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that if they materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of CEVA to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and assumptions. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are generally written in the future tense and/or are preceded by words such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “suggest,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” or other similar words. Forward-looking statements include the following:

 

    Our belief that companies increasingly seek to license proven IPs, such as processor cores, connectivity products, memory and application-specific platforms, from silicon intellectual property companies like CEVA rather than develop those technologies in-house;

 

    Our belief that there is a growing demand for high performance and low power signal processing IPs and specialized AI platforms incorporating all the necessary hardware and software for target applications and that we can capitalize on this industry shift;

 

    Our belief that the adoption of our signal processing platform and artificial intelligence processors outside of the cellular baseband market continues to progress;

 

    Our belief that we may benefit from the handset market transitioning from feature phones to LTE smartphones , if and when it occurs, particularly in emerging economies;

 

    Our belief that we may benefit from the base station chip ramp up in coming years, as a large customer of ours is forecasted to start ramping up production in the second half of 2018;

 

    Our belief that our Bluetooth and Wi-Fi IPs allow us to expand further into IoT applications and increase our overall addressable market which is expected to be 35 billion devices by 2020, as per ABI Research;

 

    Our belief that our proven track record in audio/voice processing and the growing market potential for voice assisted services offer an additional market opportunity for the company in voice enabled devices such as smartphones, headsets, earbuds, smart speakers, smart home and automotive;

 

    Our belief that our specialization and competitive edge in signal processing platforms for next generation long and short range wireless such as 5G, NB-IoT, 802.11ac and 802.11ax Wi-Fi technologies, and the inherent low cost, power and performance balance of our designs, put us in a strong position to simultaneously capitalize on mass market adoption of such technologies and address multiple markets and product sectors;

 

    Our belief that our vision processing IPs, neural net software and coprocessor hardware IPs and the newly announced AI processor, offer additional growth potentials in both licensing and royalty revenues in segments such as smartphones, tablets, drones, surveillance, automotive ADAS and industrial IoT applications;

 

    Our belief that the transformation in vision processing and neural net software and hardware needs is an opportunity for us to expand our footprint in smartphones, tablets, drones, surveillance, automotive ADAS and industrial IoT applications;

 

    Per ABI Research, cameras equipped with vision processing are expected to exceed 2.7 billion units by 2018;

 

    Our belief that the market opportunity for AI at the edge is on top of our existing product lines and represents a new licensing and royalty driver for the company in the coming years;

 

    Our belief that royalty revenue growth in the next few years for non-handset baseband applications will be a combination of higher unit shipments of Bluetooth products that bear lower ASPs, along with higher ASPs driven by base station and vision products;

 

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    Our belief that our licensing business is progressing well with strong interest, diverse customer base and a myriad of target markets;

 

    Our anticipation that our research and developments costs will increase in 2018 as compared to prior years, partially due to accelerated strategic research and development programs for artificial intelligence processors and further collaboration with our customers to expedite their production ramp-ups, as well as from higher expenses associated with foreign currency exchange effects due to the devaluation mainly of the USD compared to the NIS and Euros;

 

    Our anticipation that our cash and cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits and marketable securities, along with cash from operations, will provide sufficient capital to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months; and

 

    Our belief that changes in interest rates within our investment portfolio will not have a material effect on our financial position on an annual or quarterly basis.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on information that is currently available to us and expectations and assumptions that we deem reasonable at the time the statements were made. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements in this report or in any of our other communications, except as required by law. All such forward-looking statements should be read as of the time the statements were made and with the recognition that these forward-looking statements may not be complete or accurate at a later date.

Many factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. These factors include, but are not limited to, those risks set forth in Item 1A: Risk Factors.

This report contains market data prepared by third party research firms. Actual market results may differ from their projections. This report includes trademarks and registered trademarks of CEVA. Products or service names of other companies mentioned in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Company Overview

Headquartered in Mountain View, California, CEVA is the leading licensor of signal processing platforms and artificial intelligence processors for a smarter, connected world. We partner with semiconductor companies and OEMs worldwide to create power-efficient, intelligent and connected devices for a range of end markets, including mobile, consumer, automotive, industrial and IoT. Our ultra-low-power hardware IPs and software solutions address many of the most complex technologies for imaging and computer vision, neural networks, sound, long (cellular) and short range wireless and artificial intelligent (AI) processors. Our portfolio includes comprehensive platforms for 5G baseband processing for handsets and RAN, complete end-to-end offerings for cellular IoT, front-end voice software and algorithms along with DSPs for voice enabled devices and AI assistants, advanced imaging computer vision for any camera-enabled device, and a family of self-contained AI processors that address a wide range of applications. For short range wireless, we offer the industry’s most widely adopted IPs for Bluetooth (low energy and dual mode) and Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n/ac/ax up to 4x4).

Our technologies are licensed to leading semiconductor and OEM companies throughout the world. These companies incorporate our IP into application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”) and application-specific standard products (“ASSPs”) that they manufacture, market and sell into wireless, consumer, automotive and IoT companies. Our state-of-the-art technology has shipped in more than 9 billion chips to date for a wide range of diverse end markets. One in three handsets sold worldwide is powered by CEVA.

Our revenue mix comprises primarily of IP licensing fees and related revenues, and royalties generated from the shipments of products deploying our IP. Related revenues include revenues from post contract support, training and sale of development systems.

We have built a strong network of licensing customers who rely on our technologies to deploy their silicon solutions. Our comprehensive customer base includes many of the world’s leading semiconductors and OEMs. Actions, ASR, Autotalks, Beken, Brite, Broadcom, Celeno, Cirrus Logic, Dialog Semiconductor, DSP Group, Espressif, FujiFilm, iCatch, Intel, Leadcore, LG Electronics, Mediatek, Nextchip, Novatek, NXP, ON Semiconductor, Oticon, Panasonic, RDA, Renesas, Rockchip, Rohm, Samsung, Sanechips, Sharp, Silver Spring Networks, Socionext, Sony, Socionext, Spreadtrum, STMicroelectronics, Toshiba, Vatics, Yamaha and ZTE all leverage CEVA’s industry-leading processors, platforms and connectivity IPs.

CEVA was created through the combination of the DSP IP licensing division of DSP Group, Inc. and Parthus Technologies plc (“Parthus”) in November 2002. On July 4, 2014, we acquired 100% of RivieraWaves SAS, a privately-held, French company and a provider of wireless connectivity intellectual property for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies.

We have over 300 employees worldwide, with research and development facilities in Israel, France, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and sales and support offices throughout Asia Pacific (APAC), Japan, Sweden, France, Israel and the United States.

CEVA is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “CEVA”.

Industry Background

DSP Cores

Digital signal processing is a key technology that is powering many of today’s fastest growing electronics markets. Digital signal processors (DSPs) are specialized high-speed processors that are optimized for performing repetitive arithmetic calculations on an array of data. DSPs provide the foundation supporting a vast

 

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majority of today’s electronic products that are smart and connected and enable sensing and wireless communications capabilities (e.g. LTE and 5G baseband processing, computer vision, deep neural network, sound processing and analytics).

AI Processors

Artificial intelligence processors are a new breed of processors designed to enable AI-related workloads such as classification, pattern matching, prediction and detection to be performed on a device, with no cloud connection required. These processors mimic the human brain, allowing them to perform cognitive tasks for a wide range of functions, including vision, sound, real-time translation, user behavior and malware detection. AI processors will make their way into billions of devices in the coming years, including IoT, mobile, medical, industrial and automotive applications.

Short Range Wireless IPs

Wi-Fi and Bluetooth low energy and dual mode are key technologies for any company looking to address the Internet-of-Things (“IoT”). Moreover, many companies wish to integrate these connectivity technologies into SoC designs rather than provide connectivity through an additional chip in the system. Through our connectivity business unit, we are able to expand further into the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth smart connectivity markets. The advent of IoT has resulted in significant demand for connectivity IPs that solves a crucial void in many companies’ strategies to address this burgeoning market. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth standards are constantly evolving, and the many different end applications where these technologies are being deployed require further customization. By licensing rather than developing these technologies in house, companies can now get access to the latest standards and profiles from CEVA without undertaking the expensive research and development costs required to develop these technologies internally.

Design Gap

The demand for smarter, better connected mobile, consumer, automotive, industrial and IoT devices continues to grow. These devices require more connectivity, greater feature sets and a richer user experience. Semiconductor manufacturers face ever growing pressures to make smaller, feature-rich integrated circuits that are more reliable, less expensive and have greater performance. These two trends are occurring concurrently in the face of decreasing product lifecycles and constrained battery power. The advent of wireless and connectivity technologies like 5G, Wi-Fi 802.11ac and Bluetooth 5 and multimedia technologies such as advanced image enhancement, computer vision, deep learning and voice and audio pre- and post-processing have further increased these pressures. While semiconductor manufacturing processes have advanced significantly to allow a substantial increase in the number of circuits placed on a single chip, resources for design capabilities have not kept pace with the advances in manufacturing processes, resulting in a growing “design gap” between the increasing manufacturing potential and the constrained design capabilities.

CEVA Business

CEVA addresses the requirements of the mobile, consumer, automotive, industrial and IoT markets by designing and licensing a broad range of robust, application-specific signal processing platforms which enable the rapid design of solutions for developing a wide variety of applications, including communications & connectivity, audio & voice, imaging & vision and storage.

Given the “design gap,” as well as the increasing complexity and the unique skill set required to develop a system-on-chip, many semiconductor design and manufacturing companies increasingly choose to license proven intellectual property, such as processor cores (e.g. DSP, CPU, GPU and AI), connectivity products, memory and application-specific platforms, from silicon intellectual property (SIP) companies like CEVA rather than develop those technologies in-house. In addition, with more complex designs and shorter time to market, it is no longer

 

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cost efficient and becoming progressively more difficult for most semiconductor companies to develop the signal processing platform, incorporating the DSP, subsystem and software, for their target application. For connectivity, with ever-evolving standards and a huge variety of uses, most semiconductor companies cannot develop and maintain this technology in-house. As a result, companies increasingly seek to license these IPs from CEVA or a third-party community of developers, such as CEVAnet, CEVA’s third-party network.

Our IP Business Model

Our objective is for our CEVA signal processing platforms and AI processors to become the de facto technologies across the mobile, consumer, automotive, industrial and IoT markets. To enable this goal, we license our technologies on a worldwide basis to semiconductor and OEM companies that design and manufacture products that combine CEVA-based solutions with their own differentiating technology. We believe our business model offers us some key advantages. By not focusing on manufacturing or selling silicon products, we are free to widely license our technology and free to focus most of our resources on research and development. By choosing to license our IP, manufacturers can achieve the advantage of creating their own differentiated solutions and develop their own unique product roadmaps. Through our licensing efforts, we have established a worldwide community developing CEVA-based solutions, and therefore we can leverage their strengths, customer relationships, proprietary technology advantages, and existing sales and marketing infrastructure. As an example, our CEVA-XCnet partner program focuses on various technology and solution providers with complimentary offerings for our CEVA-XC communication processor addressing wireless, infrastructure, smart grid and connectivity markets. In addition, as our intellectual property is widely licensed and deployed, system OEM companies can obtain CEVA-based chipsets from a wide range of suppliers, thus reducing dependence on any one supplier and fostering price competition, both of which help to contain the cost of CEVA-based products.

We operate a licensing and royalty business model. We typically charge a license fee for access to our technology and a royalty fee for each unit of silicon which incorporates our technology. License fees are invoiced in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms. Royalties are reported and invoiced one quarter in arrears and generally are based on a fixed unit rate or a percentage of the sale price for the CEVA-based silicon product.

Strategy

We believe there is a growing demand for high performance and low power signal processing IPs and specialized AI platforms incorporating all the necessary hardware and software for target applications. Our IP portfolio is strategically aligned to allow us to exploit the most lucrative “design gaps” in the growing demand for smarter, connected devices. As CEVA offers expertise developing complete solutions in a number of key growth markets, including cellular baseband, wireless infrastructure, cellular IoT, advanced imaging, computer vision, deep neural networks, sound and audio processing and analytics, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and AI, we believe we are well positioned to take full advantage of this growing demand. To capitalize on this industry shift, we intend to:

 

    continue to develop and enhance our range of DSP cores and AI processors with additional features, performance and capabilities;

 

    continue to develop and invest in our short range wireless IPs, providing the newest standards and the most complete offerings to address our customers’ needs;

 

    continue to develop and enhance our range of complete and highly integrated platform solutions to deliver to our licensing partners a complete and verified system solution;

 

    continue to develop an ecosystem of third party partners developing software and solutions based on our technologies;

 

    continue to invest in strategic technologies that enable us to strengthen our presence in existing market or enter new addressable markets;

 

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    capitalize on our relationships and leadership within our worldwide community of semiconductor and OEM licensees who are developing CEVA-based solutions;

 

    capitalize on our technology leadership in the development of advanced processor technologies and connectivity IPs to create and develop new, strategic relationships with OEMs and semiconductor companies to replace their internal DSPs or incumbent DSP suppliers with CEVA-based solutions; and

 

    capitalize on our IP licensing and royalty business model which we believe is the best vehicle for a pervasive adoption of our technology and allows us to focus our resources on research and development of new licensable technologies and applications.

Products

We are the leading licensor of signal processing platforms and a primary player in AI processors for semiconductor companies and OEMs serving the mobile, consumer, automotive, industrial and IoT markets. Our portfolio includes comprehensive platforms for 5G baseband processing for handsets and infrastructure, complete end-to-end offerings for cellular IoT, front-end voice software and algorithm along with DSPs for voice enabled devices, advanced imaging and computer vision, deep neural network for any camera-enabled device, and a family of self-contained AI processors that address a wide range of applications. For short range wireless, we offer the industry’s most widely adopted IPs for Bluetooth (low energy and dual mode) and Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n/ac/ax up to 4x4).

Our categories of products include the following:

 

  1) Communications

 

    5G DSPs for gNodeB

 

    PentaG—5G modem platform for UE (announced in 2018)

 

    Dragonfly—Complete end-to-end offering for narrowband IoT (NB-IoT)

 

    SDR DSPs for complex signal processing targeting V2X, satellites, smart grid, G.fast and Wi-Fi

 

  2) Imaging & vision

 

    Imaging and computer vision platforms, including processors, accelerators and software framework for any camera-enabled device

 

    Deep neural network software

 

  3) Sound

 

    DSPs, algorithms and software for sound-enabled application, including complete voice front-end software package for near and far-field voice-enabled devices

 

  4) AI at the edge

 

    NeuPro family of specialized AI processors designed to target any neural network workload (vision, sound, user behavior, real-time translation etc.) and scaling in performance to address IoT through to automotive (announced in 2018)

 

  5) Connectivity

 

    RivieraWaves Bluetooth 5 dual mode and low energy platforms

 

    RivieraWaves Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n/ac platforms

 

    Wi-Fi 802.11ax platforms, scaling in performance to address low power wearables through to access points and infrastructure

 

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We deliver our DSP cores, platforms and AI processors in the form of a hardware description language definition (known as a soft core or a synthesizable core). All CEVA cores can be manufactured on any process using any physical library, and all are accompanied by a complete set of tools and an integrated development environment. An extensive third-party network supports CEVA DSP cores, platforms and AI processors with a wide range of complementing software and platforms. In addition, we provide development platforms, software development kits and software debug tools, which facilitate system design, debug and software development.

In order to reduce the cost, complexity, and risk in bringing products to market, CEVA has developed a suite of system platforms and solutions. These platforms and solutions combine the hardware and software elements that are essential for designers deploying CEVA’s state-of-the-art DSP cores, platforms and AI processors. Platforms typically integrate a CEVA DSP core, hardware accelerators and coprocessors, optimized software, libraries and tool chain. Our family of DSP-based platforms are targeted for baseband processing within cellular handsets, Machine to Machine (M2M) type devices and base stations RAN, wired communications, advanced imaging, computer vision and deep neural networks, and audio, voice & sensing and Internet-of-Things related applications.

Customers

We have licensed our signal processing cores, platforms, AI processors and connectivity IPs to leading semiconductor and OEM companies throughout the world. These companies incorporate our IP into application-specific chipsets or custom-designed chipsets that they manufacture, market and sell to consumer electronics companies. We also license our technologies to OEMs directly. Included among our licensees are the following customers: Actions, ASR, Autotalks, Beken, Brite, Broadcom, Celeno, Cirrus Logic, Dialog Semiconductor, DSP Group, Espressif, FujiFilm, iCatch, Intel, Leadcore, LG Electronics, Mediatek, Nextchip, Novatek, NXP, ON Semiconductor, Oticon, Panasonic, RDA, Renesas, Rockchip, Rohm, Samsung, Sanechips, Sharp, Silver Spring Networks, Socionext, Sony, Socionext, Spreadtrum, STMicroelectronics, Toshiba, Vatics, Yamaha and ZTE.

We derive a significant amount of revenues from a limited number of customers. Sales to Spreadtrum represented 23%, 27% and 31% of our total revenues for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. With respect to our royalty revenues, two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2017, and collectively represented 70% of our total royalty revenues for 2017; two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2016, and collectively represented 80% of our total royalty revenues for 2016, and two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2015, and collectively represented 72% of our total royalty revenues for 2015. In 2017, we concluded forty five new licensing deals, of which sixteen were with first time new customers and forty four were for non-handset baseband applications.

International Sales and Operations

Customers based in EME (Europe and Middle East) and APAC (Asia Pacific) accounted for 92% of our total revenues for 2017, 87% of our total revenues for 2016 and 84% for 2015. Customers in each of China and South Korea accounted for greater than 10% of our total revenues for 2017, 2016 and 2015. Information on the geographic breakdown of our revenues and location of our long-lived assets is contained in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements, which appear elsewhere in this annual report.

Moreover, the majority of our expenses, mainly employee salaries, are paid in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the Israeli currency, New Israeli Shekel (NIS), and the EURO, which subjects us to the risks of foreign currency fluctuations and economic pressures in those regions. As a result, an increase in the value of the currencies other than the U.S. dollar in comparison to the U.S. dollar could increase the cost of our operating expenses. To protect against the increase in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from salaries paid in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, during the year, we follow a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. We hedge portions of the anticipated payroll for our non-US employees denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar for a period of one to twelve months with forward and options contracts.

 

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Sales and Marketing

We license our technology through a direct sales force. As of December 31, 2017, we had 36 employees in sales and marketing. We have sales offices and representation in Asia Pacific (APAC) region, Sweden, Israel, France and the United States.

Maintaining close relationships with our customers and strengthening these relationships are central to our strategy. From time to time we develop a new signal processors, platforms, software solutions or connectivity products with close alignment with a number of tier-one industry players which signifies to the market that we are focused on viable applications that meet broad industry needs or try to get similar inputs and insight for our new developments from our marketing team. Generally, these industry leaders become licensees for these products allows us to create a roadmap for the future development of existing cores and application platforms and connectivity products, and helps us to anticipate the next potential applications for the market. We seek to use our customer relationships to deliver new products in a faster time to market.

We use a variety of marketing initiatives to stimulate demand and brand awareness in our target markets. These marketing efforts include contacts with industry analysts, presenting at key industry trade shows and conferences, and a comprehensive digital marketing program aimed at developing and nurturing relationships with potential customers. Our marketing group runs competitive benchmark analyses to help us maintain our competitive position.

Technical Support

We offer technical support services through our offices in Israel, Ireland, Asia Pacific (APAC) region, Sweden, France and the United States. As of December 31, 2017, we had 23 employees in technical support. Our technical support services include:

 

    assistance with implementation, responding to customer-specific inquiries, training and, when and if they become available, distributing updates and upgrades of our products;

 

    application support, consisting of providing general hardware and software design examples, ready-to-use software modules and guidelines to our licensees to assist them in using our technology; and

 

    design services, consisting of creating customer-specific implementations of our signal processing IPs and application platforms.

We believe that our technical support services are a means to assist our licensees to embed our cores and platforms in their designs and products. Our technology is highly complex, combining sophisticated signal processing IP core architectures, integrated circuit designs and development tools. Effective customer support in helping our customers to implement our solutions enables them to shorten the time to market for their applications. Our support organization is made up of experienced engineers and professional support personnel. We conduct technical training for our licensees and their customers, and meet with them from time to time to track the implementation of our technology.

Research and Development

Our research and development team is focused on improving and enhancing our existing products, as well as developing new products to broaden our offerings and market opportunities. These efforts are largely driven by current and anticipated customer and market needs.

Our research and development team, consisting of 228 engineers as of December 31, 2017, work in six development centers located in Israel, France, Ireland and the United Kingdom. This team consists of engineers who possess significant experience in developing DSP cores, application platforms, connectivity products (Wi-Fi

 

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and Bluetooth) and serial storage technology (SATA and SAS). In addition, we engage third party contractors with specialized skills as required to support our research and development efforts. Our research and development expenses, net of related research grants, were approximately $28 million, $31 million and $40 million for 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

We encourage our research and development personnel to maintain active roles in various international organizations that develop and maintain standards in the electronics and related industries. This involvement allows us to influence the development of new standards; keeps us informed as to important new developments regarding standards; and allows us to demonstrate our expertise to existing and potential customers who also participate in these standards-setting bodies.

Competition

The markets in which we operate are intensely competitive. They are subject to rapid change and are significantly affected by new product introductions. We compete with other suppliers of licensed signal processing IPs. We believe that the principal competitive elements in our field are signal processing IP performance, overall chip cost, power consumption, flexibility, reliability, communication and multimedia software and algorithms availability, design cycle time, tool chain, customer support, financial strength, name recognition and reputation. We believe that we compete effectively in each of these areas, but can offer no assurance that we will have the financial resources, technical expertise, and marketing or support capabilities to compete successfully in the future.

The markets in which we compete are dominated by large, highly competent semiconductor companies that have significant brand recognition, a large installed base and a large network of support and field application engineers. We face direct and indirect competition from:

 

    IP vendors that offer programmable or configurable DSP cores;

 

    IP vendors that offer vision processing units for computer vision applications;

 

    IP vendors that offer neural network processing units for AI applications;

 

    IP vendors that offer voice software packages, including beamforming, direction of arrival and echo cancellation;

 

    IP vendors that offer Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connectivity IPs;

 

    IP vendors that offer hardware-based DSP implementation as opposed to software-based DSP, which is our specialization; and

 

    internal design groups of large chip companies or OEMs that develop proprietary signal processing IP cores or engines for their own application-specific chipsets.

We face direct competition in the DSP and configurable core space mainly from Verisilicon, Cadence and Synopsys, which licenses DSP cores in addition to their respective semiconductor and EDA businesses. In AI processors, we face direct competition from EDA players in addition to a host of companies offering AI cores and accelerators such as Digital Media Professionals, (DMP), Imagination, AImotive, Cambricon and Graphcore. In the short range wireless space, we face direct competition from Arm Limited, Imagination Technologies, Mindtree and STMicroelectronics (previously ST Ericsson).

In recent years, we also have faced competition from companies that offer Central Processor Unit (CPU) intellectual property. These companies’ products are used for host functions in various applications, such as in mobile and home entertainment products. These applications typically also incorporate a programmable DSP or neural network accelerator that is responsible for communication and video/audio/voice-related tasks, neural network or in some cases connectivity capabilities. CPU companies, such as Arm Limited, Cadence, Imagination

 

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Technologies and Synopsys have added DSP acceleration, CNN acceleration and /or connectivity solutions and make use of it to provide platform solutions in the areas of baseband, video, imaging, vision, AI, audio and connectivity.

With respect to certain large potential customers, we also compete with internal engineering teams, which may design programmable signal processing IP core products in-house. Companies such as Mediatek, Qualcomm, Samsung, Huawei and STMicroelectronics license our designs for some applications and use their own proprietary cores for other applications. These companies also may choose to license their proprietary signal processing IP cores to third parties and, as a result, become direct competitors.

Aside from the in-house research and development groups, we do not compete with any individual company across the range of our market offerings. Within particular market segments, however, we do face competition to a greater or lesser extent from other industry participants. For example, in the following specific areas we compete with the companies indicated:

 

    in the digital embedded imaging and vision market – Arm Limited, Synopsys, Cadence and Videantis, as well as GPU IP providers such as Arm Limited, Imagination Technologies and Verisilicon; and

 

    in audio and voice applications market – Arm Limited, Cadence, Synopsys and Verisilicon.

Proprietary Rights

Our success and ability to compete are dependent on our ability to develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our intellectual property and to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright laws and contractual restrictions to protect the proprietary aspects of our technology. These legal protections afford only limited protection of our technology. We also seek to limit disclosure of our intellectual property and trade secrets by requiring employees and consultants with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements with us and by restricting access to our source code and other intellectual property. Due to rapid technological change, we believe that factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, new product developments and enhancements to existing products are more important than specific legal protections of our technology in establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position.

We have an active program to protect our proprietary technology through the filing of patents. Our patents relate to our signal processing IP cores and application-specific platform technologies. As of December 31, 2017, we hold 52 patents in the United States, four patents in Canada, 37 patents in the EME (Europe and Middle East) region and seven patents in Asia Pacific (APAC) region, totaling 100 patents, with expiration dates between 2018 and 2035. In addition, as of December 31, 2017, we have 11 patent applications pending in the United States, five pending patent applications in Canada, 10 pending patent applications in the EME region and seven pending patent applications in the APAC region, totaling 33 pending patent applications.

We actively pursue foreign patent protection in countries where we feel it is prudent to do so. Our policy is to apply for patents or for other appropriate statutory protection when we develop valuable new or improved technology. The status of patents involves complex legal and factual questions, and the breadth of claims allowed is uncertain. Accordingly, there are no assurances that any patent application filed by us will result in a patent being issued, or that our issued patents, and any patents that may be issued in the future, will afford us adequate protection against competitors with similar technology; nor can we be assured that patents issued to us will not be infringed or that others will not design around our technology. In addition, the laws of certain countries in which our products are or may be developed, manufactured or sold may not protect our products and intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. We can provide no assurance that our pending patent applications or any future applications will be approved or will not be challenged by third parties, that any issued patents will effectively protect our technology, or that patents held by third parties will not have an adverse effect on our ability to do business.

 

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The semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. Questions of infringement in the semiconductor field involve highly technical and subjective analyses. In addition, patent infringement claims are increasingly being asserted by patent holding companies (so-called patent “trolls”), which do not use technology and whose sole business is to enforce patents against companies, such as us, for monetary gain. Because such patent holding companies do not provide services or use technology, the assertion of our own patents by way of counter-claim may be ineffective. Litigation may in the future be necessary to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. We cannot assure you that we would be able to prevail in any such litigation, or be able to devote the financial resources required to bring such litigation to a successful conclusion.

In any potential dispute involving our patents or other intellectual property, our licensees also could become the targets of litigation. We are generally bound to indemnify licensees under the terms of our license agreements. Although our indemnification obligations are generally subject to a maximum amount, these obligations could nevertheless result in substantial expenses. In addition to the time and expense required for us to indemnify our licensees, a licensee’s development, marketing and sale of products embodying our solutions could be severely disrupted or shut down as a result of litigation.

We also rely on trademark, copyright and trade secret laws to protect our intellectual property. We have registered trademark in the United States for our name CEVA and the related CEVA logo, and currently market our signal processing cores and other technology offerings under this trademark.

Employees

The table below presents the number of employees of CEVA as of December 31, 2017 by function and geographic location.

 

     Number  

Total employees

     313  

Function

  

Research and development

     228  

Sales and marketing

     36  

Administration

     26  

Technical support

     23  

Location

  

Israel

     202  

France

     44  

Ireland

     13  

China

     15  

United States

     13  

United Kingdom

     12  

Elsewhere

     14  

Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreements, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe our employee relations are good.

A number of our employees are located in Israel. Certain provisions of Israeli law and the collective bargaining agreements between the Histadrut (General Federation of Labor in Israel) and the Coordination Bureau of Economic Organizations (the Israeli federation of employers’ organizations) apply to our Israeli employees.

 

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In 2004, we finalized and adopted a new Code of Business Conduct and Ethics regarding the standards of conduct of our directors, officers and employees. The code is reviewed and updated periodically by our Board or Directors and is available on our website at www.ceva-dsp.com.

Corporate History

Our company was incorporated in Delaware on November 22, 1999 under the name DSP Cores, Inc. We changed our name to ParthusCeva, Inc. in November 2002 and to CEVA, Inc. in December 2003.

Available Information

Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available, free of charge, on our website at www.ceva-dsp.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov .

Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We caution you that the following important factors, among others, could cause our actual future results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of us in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, press releases, communications with investors and oral statements. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this annual report, and in any other public statements we make, may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in the discussion below will be important in determining future results. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, and as a result we could experience a loss of sales, lower prices and lower revenues.

The markets for the products in which our technology is incorporated are highly competitive. Aggressive competition could result in substantial declines in the prices that we are able to charge for our intellectual property or lose design wins to competitors. Many of our competitors are striving to increase their share of the growing signal processing IP markets and are reducing their licensing and royalty fees to attract customers. The following industry players and factors may have a significant impact on our competitiveness:

 

    we compete directly in the signal processing cores space with Verisilicon, Cadence and Synopsys;

 

    we compete with CPU IP or configurable CPU IP (offering DSP configured CPU and/or DSP acceleration and/or connectivity capabilities to their IP) providers, such as Arm Limited (acquired by SoftbBank), Imagination Technologies (acquired by Canyon Bridge), Synopsys and Cadence;

 

    we compete with internal engineering teams at companies such as Mediatek, Qualcomm, Samsung, Huawei and NXP that may design programmable DSP core products and signal processing cores in-house and therefore not license our technologies;

 

    we compete in the short range wireless markets with Arm Limited, Mindtree, Imagination Technologies and STMicroelectronics;

 

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    we compete in embedded imaging and vision market with Cadence, Synopsys, Videantis, Verislicon, Arm Limited (NEON technology) and GPU IP providers such as Arm Limited, Imagination Technologies and Verisilicon;

 

    we compete in AI processor marketing with AI processor and accelerator providers, including AImotive, Arm Limited, Digital Media Professionals (DMP), Imagination, Cambricon and Graphcore; and

 

    we compete in the audio and voice applications market with Arm Limited, Synopsys, Cadence and Verisilicon.

In addition, we may face increased competition from smaller, niche semiconductor design companies in the future. Some of our customers also may decide to satisfy their needs through in-house design. We compete on the basis of signal processing IP performance, overall chip cost, power consumption, flexibility, reliability, communication and multimedia software availability, design cycle time, tool chain, customer support, name recognition, reputation and financial strength. Our inability to compete effectively on these bases could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our quarterly operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, including our lengthy sales cycle, and may not be a meaningful indicator of future performance.

In some quarters our operating results could be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, which could cause our stock price to fall. Factors that may affect our quarterly results of operations in the future include, among other things:

 

    the gain or loss of significant licensees, partly due to our dependence on a limited number of customers generating a significant amount of quarterly revenues;

 

    any delay in execution of any anticipated licensing arrangement during a particular quarter;

 

    delays in revenue recognition for some license agreements based on percentage of completion of customized work or other accounting reasons;

 

    the timing and volume of orders and production by our customers, as well as fluctuations in royalty revenues resulting from fluctuations in unit shipments by our licensees;

 

    royalty pricing pressures and reduction in royalty rates due to an increase in volume shipments by customers, end-product price erosion and competitive pressures;

 

    earnings or other financial announcements by our major customers that include shipment data or other information that implicates expectations for our future royalty revenues;

 

    the mix of revenues among licensing and related revenues, and royalty revenues;

 

    the timing of the introduction of new or enhanced technologies by us and our competitors, as well as the market acceptance of such technologies;

 

    the discontinuation, or public announcement thereof, of product lines or market sectors that incorporate our technology by our significant customers;

 

    our lengthy sales cycle and specifically in the third quarter of any fiscal year during which summer vacations slow down decision-making processes of our customers in executing contracts;

 

    delays in the commercialization of end products that incorporate our technology;

 

    currency fluctuations, mainly the EURO and the NIS versus the U.S. dollar;

 

    fluctuations in operating expenses and gross margins associated with the introduction of, and research and development investments in, new or enhanced technologies and adjustments to operating expenses resulting from restructurings;

 

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    the approvals, amounts and timing of Israeli R&D government grants from the Israeli Innovation Authority of the Ministry of Economy and Industry in Israel (the “IIA”), EU grants and French research tax credits;

 

    the impact of new accounting pronouncements, including the new revenue recognition rules;

 

    the timing of our payment of royalties to the IIA, which is impacted by the timing and magnitude of license agreements and royalty revenues derived from technologies that were funded by grant programs of the IIA;

 

    statutory changes associated with research tax benefits applicable to French technology companies;

 

    our ability to scale our operations in response to changes in demand for our technologies;

 

    entry into new end markets that utilize our signal processing IPs, software and platforms;

 

    changes in our pricing policies and those of our competitors;

 

    restructuring, asset and goodwill impairment and related charges, as well as other accounting changes or adjustments; and

 

    general economic conditions, including the current economic conditions, and its effect on the semiconductor industry and sales of consumer products into which our technologies are incorporated.

Each of the above factors is difficult to forecast and could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, we license our technology to OEMs and semiconductor companies for incorporation into their end products for consumer markets, including handsets and consumer electronics products. The royalties we generate are reported by our customers. Our royalty revenues are affected by seasonal buying patterns of consumer products sold by our OEM customers that incorporate our technology and the market acceptance of such end products supplied by our OEM customers. In accordance with the new revenue recognition rules, the royalties we generate will be based on royalty reports of units shipped during the quarter as estimated by our customers, not a quarter in arrears that we previously reported. The first quarter in any given year therefore will be a sequentially down quarter for us in relation to royalty revenues as this period represents lower post-Christmas fourth quarter consumer product shipments. However, the magnitude of this first quarter decrease varies annually and has been impacted by global economic conditions, market share changes, exiting or refocusing of market sectors by our customers and the timing of introduction of new and existing handset devices powered by CEVA technology sold in any given quarter compared to the prior quarter.

Moreover, the semiconductor and consumer electronics industries remain volatile, which makes it extremely difficult for our customers and us to accurately forecast financial results and plan for future business activities. As a result, our past operating results should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

We rely significantly on revenues derived from a limited number of customers who contribute to our royalty and license revenues.

We derive a significant amount of revenues from a limited number of customers. One customer, Spreadtrum, accounted for 23%, 27% and 31% of our total revenues for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. With respect to our royalty revenues, two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2017, and collectively represented 70% of our total royalty revenues for 2017; two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2016, and collectively represented 80% of our total royalty revenues for 2016, and two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2015, and collectively represented 72% of our total royalty revenues for 2015. We expect that a significant portion of our future revenues will continue to be generated by a limited number of customers. The loss of any significant royalty paying customer could adversely affect our near-term future operating results. Furthermore, consolidation among our customers may negatively affect our revenue source, increase our existing customers’ negotiation leverage and make us further dependent on a limited number of

 

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customers. Moreover, the discontinuation of product lines or market sectors that incorporate our technology by our significant customers or a change in direction of their business and our inability to adapt our technology to their new business needs could have material negative implications for our future royalty revenues.

Our business is dependent on licensing revenues which may vary period to period.

License agreements for our signal processing IP cores and platforms have not historically provided for substantial ongoing license payments so past licensing revenues may not be indicative of the amount of such revenues in any future period. We believe that there is a similar risk with RivieraWaves’ operations associated with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connectivity technologies. Significant portions of our anticipated future revenues, therefore, will likely depend upon our success in attracting new customers or expanding our relationships with existing customers. However, revenues recognized from licensing arrangements vary significantly from period to period, depending on the number and size of deals closed during a quarter, and is difficult to predict. In addition, as we expand our business into the non-handset baseband markets, our licensing deals may be smaller but greater in volume which may further fluctuate our licensing revenues quarter to quarter. Our ability to succeed in our licensing efforts will depend on a variety of factors, including the performance, quality, breadth and depth of our current and future products, including our newly announced AI processor cores as well as our sales and marketing skills. In addition, some of our licensees may in the future decide to satisfy their needs through in-house design and production. Our failure to obtain future licensing customers would impede our future revenue growth and could materially harm our business.

Royalty rates could decrease for existing and future license agreements, which could materially adversely affect our operating results.

Royalty payments to us under existing and future license agreements could be lower than currently anticipated for a variety of reasons. Average selling prices for semiconductor products generally decrease over time during the lifespan of a product. In addition, there is increasing downward pricing pressures in the semiconductor industry on end products incorporating our technology, especially end products for the handsets and consumer electronics markets. As a result, notwithstanding the existence of a license agreement, our customers may demand that royalty rates for our products be lower than our historic royalty rates. We have in the past and may be pressured in the future to renegotiate existing license agreements with our customers. In addition, certain of our license agreements provide that royalty rates may decrease in connection with the sale of larger quantities of products incorporating our technology. Furthermore, our competitors may lower the royalty rates for their comparable products to win market share which may force us to lower our royalty rates as well. As a consequence of the above referenced factors, as well as unforeseen factors in the future, the royalty rates we receive for use of our technology could decrease, thereby decreasing future anticipated revenues and cash flow. Royalty revenues were approximately 51%, 56% and 46% of our total revenues for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Therefore, a significant decrease in our royalty revenues could materially adversely affect our operating results.

Moreover, royalty rates may be negatively affected by macroeconomic trends or changes in products mix. Furthermore, consolidation among our customers may increase the leverage of our existing customers to extract concessions from us in royalty rates. Moreover, changes in products mix such as an increase in lower royalty bearing products shipped in high volume like low-cost feature phones and Bluetooth-based products in lieu of higher royalty bearing products like LTE phones could lower our royalty revenues.

We generate a significant amount of our total revenues from the handset baseband market (for mobile handsets and for other modem connected devices) and our business and operating results may be materially adversely affected if we do not continue to succeed in these highly competitive markets.

Our total revenues derived solely from baseband for handset and for other devices represented 64%, 69% and 68% of our total revenues for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Any adverse change in our ability to

 

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compete and maintain our competitive position in the handset baseband market, including through the introduction by competitors of enhanced technologies that attract OEM customers that target those markets, would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the handset baseband market is extremely competitive and is facing intense pricing pressures, and we expect that competition and pricing pressures will only increase. Furthermore, it can be very volatile with regards to volume shipments of different phones, standards and connected devices due to inventory build out or consumer demand changes or geographical macroeconomics, pricing changes, product discontinuations due to technical issues and timing of introduction of new phones and products. Our existing OEM customers also may fail to introduce new handset devices that attract consumers, or encounter significant delays in developing, manufacturing or shipping new or enhanced products in those markets or find alternative technological solutions and suppliers. The inability of our OEM customers to compete would result in lower shipments of products powered by our technologies which in turn would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Since a significant portion of our revenues are derived from the handset baseband market, adverse conditions in this market would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because our IP solutions are components of end products, if semiconductor companies and electronic equipment manufacturers do not incorporate our solutions into their end products or if the end products of our customers do not achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to generate adequate sales of our products.

We do not sell our IP solutions directly to end-users; we license our technology primarily to semiconductor companies and electronic equipment manufacturers, who then incorporate our technology into the products they sell. As a result, we rely on our customers to incorporate our technology into their end products at the design stage. Once a company incorporates a competitor’s technology into its end product, it becomes significantly more difficult for us to sell our technology to that company because changing suppliers involves significant cost, time, effort and risk for the company. As a result, we may incur significant expenditures on the development of a new technology without any assurance that our existing or potential customers will select our technology for incorporation into their own product and without this “design win,” it becomes significantly difficult to sell our IP solutions. Moreover, even after a customer agrees to incorporate our technology into its end products, the design cycle is long and may be delayed due to factors beyond our control, which may result in the end product incorporating our technology not reaching the market until long after the initial “design win” with such customer. From initial product design-in to volume production, many factors could impact the timing and/or amount of sales actually realized from the design-in. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in the competitive position of our technology, our customers’ financial stability, and our customers’ ability to ship products according to our customers’ schedule. Moreover, current economic conditions may further prolong a customer’s decision-making process and design cycle.

Further, because we do not control the business practices of our customers, we do not influence the degree to which they promote our technology or set the prices at which they sell products incorporating our technology. We cannot assure you that our customers will devote satisfactory efforts to promote their end products which incorporate our IP solutions.

In addition, our royalties from licenses and therefore the growth of our business, are dependent upon the success of our customers in introducing products incorporating our technology and the success of those products in the marketplace. The primary customers for our products are semiconductor design and manufacturing companies, system OEMs and electronic equipment manufacturers, particularly in the telecommunications field. All of the industries we license into are highly competitive, cyclical and have been subject to significant economic downturns at various times. These downturns are characterized by production overcapacity and reduced revenues, which at times may encourage semiconductor companies or electronic product manufacturers to reduce their expenditure on our technology. If we do not retain our current customers and continue to attract new customers, our business may be harmed.

 

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We depend on market acceptance of third-party semiconductor intellectual property.

The semiconductor intellectual property (SIP) industry is a relatively small and emerging industry. Our future growth will depend on the level of market acceptance of our third-party licensable intellectual property model, the variety of intellectual property offerings available on the market, and a shift in customer preference away from in-house development of proprietary signal processing IP towards licensing open signal processing IP cores and platforms. Furthermore, the third-party licensable intellectual property model is highly dependent on the market adoption of new services and products, such as low cost smartphones in emerging markets, LTE-based smartphones, mobile broadband, small cell base stations and the increased use of advanced audio, voice, computational photography and embedded vision in mobile, automotive and consumer products, as well as in IoT and connectivity applications. Such market adoption is important because the increased cost associated with ownership and maintenance of the more complex architectures needed for the advanced services and products may motivate companies to license third-party intellectual property rather than design them in-house.

The trends that would enable our growth are largely beyond our control. Semiconductor customers also may choose to adopt a multi-chip, off-the-shelf chip solution versus licensing or using highly-integrated chipsets that embed our technologies. If the above referenced market shifts do not materialize or third-party SIP does not achieve market acceptance, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially harmed.

Because we have significant international operations, we may be subject to political, economic and other conditions relating to our international operations that could increase our operating expenses and disrupt our revenues and business.

Approximately 92% of our total revenues for 2017, 87% for 2016 and 84% for 2015 were derived from customers located outside of the United States. We expect that international customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. As a result, the occurrence of any negative international political, economic or geographic events could result in significant revenue shortfalls. These shortfalls could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be harmed. Some of the risks of doing business internationally include:

 

    unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

 

    fluctuations in the exchange rate for the U.S. dollar;

 

    imposition of tariffs and other barriers and restrictions;

 

    potential negative international community’s reaction to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act;

 

    burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws, treaties and technical standards;

 

    uncertainty of laws and enforcement in certain countries relating to the protection of intellectual property;

 

    multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures and potentially adverse tax consequences;

 

    political and economic instability, including terrorist attacks and protectionist polices; and

 

    changes in diplomatic and trade relationships.

We depend on a limited number of key personnel who would be difficult to replace.

Our success depends to a significant extent upon certain of our key employees and senior management, the loss of which could materially harm our business. Competition for skilled employees in our field is intense. We cannot assure you that in the future we will be successful in attracting and retaining the required personnel.

 

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The sales cycle for our IP solutions is lengthy, which makes forecasting of our customer orders and revenues difficult.

The sales cycle for our IP solutions is lengthy, often lasting three to nine months. Our customers generally conduct significant technical evaluations, including customer trials, of our technology as well as competing technologies prior to making a purchasing decision. In addition, purchasing decisions also may be delayed because of a customer’s internal budget approval process. Furthermore, given the current market conditions, we have less ability to predict the timing of our customers’ purchasing cycle and potential unexpected delays in such a cycle. Because of the lengthy sales cycle and potential delays, our dependence on a limited number of customers to generate a significant amount of revenues for a particular period and the size of customer orders, if orders forecasted for a specific customer for a particular period do not occur in that period, our revenues and operating results for that particular quarter could suffer. Moreover, a portion of our expenses related to an anticipated order is fixed and difficult to reduce or change, which may further impact our operating results for a particular period.

Because our IP solutions are complex, the detection of errors in our products may be delayed, and if we deliver products with defects, our credibility will be harmed, the sales and market acceptance of our products may decrease and product liability claims may be made against us.

Our IP solutions are complex and may contain errors, defects and bugs when introduced. If we deliver products with errors, defects or bugs, our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our products could be significantly harmed. Furthermore, the nature of our products may also delay the detection of any such error or defect. If our products contain errors, defects and bugs, then we may be required to expend significant capital and resources to alleviate these problems. This could result in the diversion of technical and other resources from our other development efforts. Any actual or perceived problems or delays may also adversely affect our ability to attract or retain customers. Furthermore, the existence of any defects, errors or failure in our products could lead to product liability claims or lawsuits against us or against our customers. A successful product liability claim could result in substantial cost and divert management’s attention and resources, which would have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our success will depend on our ability to successfully manage our geographically dispersed operations.

Most of our employees are located in Israel. We also added French employees after the RivieraWaves acquisition in 2014. Accordingly, our ability to compete successfully will depend in part on the ability of a limited number of key executives located in geographically dispersed offices to integrate management, address the needs of our customers and respond to changes in our markets. If we are unable to effectively manage and integrate our remote operations, our business may be materially harmed.

Our operations in Israel may be adversely affected by instability in the Middle East region.

One of our principal research and development facilities is located in Israel, and most of our executive officers and some of our directors are residents of Israel. Although substantially all of our sales currently are being made to customers outside Israel, we are nonetheless directly influenced by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel. Any major hostilities involving Israel could significantly harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, certain of our employees are currently obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces and are subject to being called to active military duty at any time. Although we have operated effectively under these requirements since our inception, we cannot predict the effect of these obligations on the company in the future. Our operations could be disrupted by the absence, for a significant period, of one or more of our key employees due to military service.

 

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Terrorist attacks, acts of war or military actions and/or other civil unrest may adversely affect the territories in which we operate, and our business, financial condition and operating results.

Terrorist attacks such as those that have occurred in France, where we have our wireless connectivity operations as a result of our acquisition of RivieraWaves, and attempted terrorist attacks, military responses to terrorist attacks, other military actions, or governmental action in response to or in anticipation of a terrorist attack, or civil unrest, may adversely affect prevailing economic conditions, resulting in work stoppages, reduced consumer spending or reduced demand for end products that incorporate our technologies. These developments subject our worldwide operations to increased risks and, depending on their magnitude, could reduce net sales and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our research and development expenses may increase if the grants we currently receive from the Israeli government are reduced or withheld.

We currently receive research grants mainly from programs of the IIA. We recorded an aggregate of $4,417,000, $6,410,000 and $4,997,000 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. To be eligible for these grants, we must meet certain development conditions and comply with periodic reporting obligations. Although we have met such conditions in the past, should we fail to meet such conditions in the future our research grants may be repayable, reduced or withheld. The repayment or reduction of such research grants may increase our research and development expenses which in turn may reduce our operating income. Also, the timing of such payments from the IIA may vary from year to year and quarter to quarter, and we have no control on the timing of such payment. For example, in 2017, the amount of grants approved by the IIA was substantially lower than prior years due to different allocation and methodology that IIA has implemented. As a result, our research and developments costs increased in 2017 as compared to prior years.

Recently enacted tax legislation in the United States may impact our business.

We are subject to taxation in the United States, as well as a number of foreign jurisdictions. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. President signed into law federal tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act provides for significant and wide-ranging changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The reforms are complex, and it will take some time to assess the implications thoroughly. Broadly, the implications most relevant to the company include: a) a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, with various “base erosion” rules that may effectively limit the tax deductibility of certain payments made by U.S. entities to non-U.S. affiliates and additional limitations on deductions attributable to interest expense; and b) adopting elements of a territorial tax system. To transition into the territorial tax system, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act includes a one-time tax on cumulative retained earnings of U.S.-owned foreign subsidiaries, at a rate of 15.5% for earnings represented by cash or cash equivalents and 8.0% for the balance of such earnings. Taxpayers may make an election to pay this tax over eight years. These tax reforms will give rise to significant consequences, both immediately in terms of one-off impacts relating to the transition tax and the measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and going forward in terms of the company’s taxation expense. An initial review and estimate has been undertaken by us, which will be updated over the coming weeks and months as we work through these complex changes with our advisors. The Tax Act could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, any of which could lessen or increase adverse impacts of the law. The final transitional impact of the Tax Act may differ from the estimates provided in this Annual Report, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Tax Act, or any updates or changes to estimates we utilized to calculate the transitional impacts, including impacts related to changes to current year earnings estimates and the amount of the repatriation tax. Given the unpredictability of these and other tax laws and related regulations, and their potential interdependency, it is difficult to currently assess the overall effect of such changes. Nonetheless, any material negative effect of such changes to our earnings and cash flow could adversely impact our financial results.

 

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The nature of our business requires the application of complex revenue recognition rules. Significant changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, including the adoption of the new revenue recognition rules, could materially affect our financial position and results of operations.

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which is subject to interpretation or changes by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the SEC, and other various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. New accounting pronouncements and changes in accounting principles have occurred in the past and are expected to occur in the future, which may have a significant effect on our financial results. For example, pursuant to the new revenue recognition rules, an entity recognizes sales- and usage-based royalties as revenue only when the later of the following events occurs: (1) the subsequent sale or usage occurs or (2) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based or usage-based royalty allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Recognizing royalty revenue on a lag time basis is not permitted. As a result, the royalties we generate from customers will be based on royalty of units shipped during the quarter as estimated by our customers, not a quarter in arrears that we previously report. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of the adoption of this standard on our financial statements and our preliminary assessments are subject to change. Adoption of this standard and any difficulties in implementation of changes in accounting principles, including uncertainty associated with royalty revenues for the quarter based on estimates provided by our customer, could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline and harm investors’ confidence in us.

The Israeli tax benefits that we currently receive and the government programs in which we participate require us to meet certain conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our tax expenses.

We enjoy certain tax benefits in Israel, particularly as a result of the “Approved Enterprise” and the “Benefited Enterprise” status of our facilities and programs. To maintain our eligibility for these tax benefits, we must continue to meet certain conditions, relating principally to adherence to the investment program filed with the Investment Center of the Israeli Ministry of Industry and Trade and to periodic reporting obligations. Should we fail to meet such conditions in the future, these benefits would be cancelled and we would be subject to corporate tax in Israel at the standard corporate rate (24% in 2017) and could be required to refund tax benefits already received. In addition, we cannot assure you that these tax benefits will be continued in the future at their current levels or otherwise. The tax benefits under our active investment programs are scheduled to gradually expire starting in 2020. The termination or reduction of certain programs and tax benefits (particularly benefits available to us as a result of the “Approved Enterprise” and the “Benefited Enterprise” status of our facilities and programs) or a requirement to refund tax benefits already received may seriously harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our failure to maintain certain research tax benefits applicable to French technology companies may adversely affect the results of operations of our RivieraWaves operations.

Pursuant to our acquisition of the RivieraWaves operations, we will benefit from certain research tax credits applicable to French technology companies, including, for example, the Crédit Impôt Recherche (“CIR”). The CIR is a French tax credit aimed at stimulating research activities. The CIR can be offset against French corporate income tax due and the portion in excess (if any) may be refunded every three years. The French Parliament can decide to eliminate, or reduce the scope or the rate of, the CIR benefit, at any time or challenge our eligibility or calculations for such tax credits, all of which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations and future cash flows.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

A significant portion of our business is conducted outside the United States. Although most of our revenues are transacted in U.S. dollars, we may be exposed to currency exchange fluctuations in the future as business

 

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practices evolve and we are forced to transact business in local currencies. Moreover, the majority of our expenses are denominated in foreign currencies, mainly New Israeli Shekel (NIS) and the EURO, which subjects us to the risks of foreign currency fluctuations. Our primary expenses paid in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are employee salaries. Increases in the volatility of the exchange rates of currencies other than the U.S. dollar versus the U.S. dollar could have an adverse effect on the expenses and liabilities that we incur in currencies other than the U.S. dollar when remeasured into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. We have instituted a foreign cash flow hedging program to minimize the effects of currency fluctuations. However, hedging transactions may not successfully mitigate losses caused by currency fluctuations, and our hedging positions may be partial or may not exist at all in the future. We also review our monthly expected non-U.S. dollar denominated expenditure and look to hold equivalent non-U.S. dollar cash balances to mitigate currency fluctuations. However, in some cases, we expect to continue to experience the effect of exchange rate currency fluctuations on an annual and quarterly basis. For example, our EURO cash balances increase significantly on a quarterly basis beyond our EURO liabilities from the CIR, which is generally refunded every three years.

We are exposed to the credit risk of our customers, which could result in material losses.

As we diversify and expand our addressable market, we will enter into licensing arrangements with first time customers with whom we don’t have full visible of their creditworthiness. Furthermore, we have increased business activities in the Asia Pacific region. As a result, our future credit risk exposure may increase. Although we monitor and attempt to mitigate credit risks, there can be no assurance that our efforts will be effective. Although any losses to date relating to credit exposure of our customers have not been material, future losses, if incurred, could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Our product development efforts are time-consuming and expensive and may not generate an acceptable return, if any.

Our product development efforts require us to incur substantial research and development expense. Our research and development expenses were approximately $40.4 million, $30.8 million and $28.1 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We may not be able to achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our research and development efforts.

The development of our products is highly complex. We occasionally have experienced delays in completing the development and introduction of new products and product enhancements, and we could experience delays in the future. Unanticipated problems in developing products could also divert substantial engineering resources, which may impair our ability to develop new products and enhancements and could substantially increase our costs. Furthermore, we may expend significant amounts on research and development programs that may not ultimately result in commercially successful products. Our research and development expense levels have increased steadily in the past few years. As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to develop and introduce new products successfully and in a cost-effective and timely manner, and any new products we develop and offer may never achieve market acceptance. Any failure to successfully develop future products would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to meet the changing needs of our end-users or address evolving market demands, our business may be harmed.

The markets for signal processing IPs are characterized by rapidly changing technology, emerging markets and new and developing end-user needs, and requiring significant expenditure for research and development. We cannot assure you that we will be able to introduce systems and solutions that reflect prevailing industry standards, on a timely basis, meet the specific technical requirements of our end-users or avoid significant losses due to rapid decreases in market prices of our products, and our failure to do so may seriously harm our business.

 

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We may seek to expand our business in ways that could result in diversion of resources and extra expenses.

We may in the future pursue acquisitions of businesses, products and technologies, establish joint venture arrangements, make minority equity investments or enhance our existing CEVAnet partner eco-system to expand our business. We are unable to predict whether or when any prospective acquisition, equity investment or joint venture will be completed. The process of negotiating potential acquisitions, joint ventures or equity investments, as well as the integration of acquired or jointly developed businesses, technologies or products may be prolonged due to unforeseen difficulties and may require a disproportionate amount of our resources and management’s attention. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully identify suitable acquisition or investment candidates, complete acquisitions or investments, or integrate acquired businesses or joint ventures with our operations. If we were to make any acquisition or investment or enter into a joint venture, we may not receive the intended benefits of the acquisition, investment or joint venture or such an acquisition, investment or joint venture may not achieve comparable levels of revenues, profitability or productivity as our existing business or otherwise perform as expected. The expansion of our CEVAnet partner eco-system also may not achieve the anticipated benefits. The occurrence of any of these events could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations. Future acquisitions, investments or joint ventures may require substantial capital resources, which may require us to seek additional debt or equity financing.

Future acquisitions, joint ventures or minority equity investments by us could result in the following, any of which could seriously harm our results of operations or the price of our stock:

 

    issuance of equity securities that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentages of ownership;

 

    large one-time write-offs or equity investment impairment write-offs;

 

    incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities;

 

    difficulties in the assimilation and integration of operations, personnel, technologies, products and information systems of the acquired companies;

 

    inability to realize cost efficiencies or synergies, thereby incurring higher operating expenditures as a result of the acquisition;

 

    diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;

 

    contractual disputes;

 

    risks of entering geographic and business markets in which we have no or only limited prior experience; and

 

    potential loss of key employees of acquired organizations.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property.

Our success and ability to compete depend in large part upon the protection of our proprietary technologies. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, mask work and other intellectual property rights, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. These agreements and measures may not be sufficient to protect our technology from third-party infringement or protect us from the claims of others. As a result, we face risks associated with our patent position, including the potential need to engage in significant legal proceedings to enforce our patents, the possibility that the validity or enforceability of our patents may be denied, the possibility that third parties will be able to compete against us without infringing our patents and the possibility that our products may infringe patent rights of third parties.

Our trade names or trademarks may be registered or utilized by third parties in countries other than those in which we have registered them, impairing our ability to enter and compete in those markets. If we were forced to change any of our brand names, we could lose a significant amount of our brand identity.

 

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Our business will suffer if we are sued for infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties or if we cannot obtain licenses to these rights on commercially acceptable terms.

We are subject to the risk of adverse claims and litigation alleging infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. There are a large number of patents held by others, including our competitors, pertaining to the broad areas in which we are active. We have not, and cannot reasonably, investigate all such patents. From time to time, we have become aware of patents in our technology areas and have sought legal counsel regarding the validity of such patents and their impact on how we operate our business, and we will continue to seek such counsel when appropriate in the future. In addition, patent infringement claims are increasingly being asserted by patent holding companies (so-called patent “trolls”), which do not use technology and whose sole business is to enforce patents against companies, such as us, for monetary gain. Because such patent holding companies do not provide services or use technology, the assertion of our own patents by way of counter-claim may be ineffective. Infringement claims may require us to enter into license arrangements or result in protracted and costly litigation, regardless of the merits of these claims. Any necessary licenses may not be available or, if available, may not be obtainable on commercially reasonable terms. If we cannot obtain necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, we may be forced to stop licensing our technology, and our business would be seriously harmed.

The future growth of our business depends in part on our ability to license to system OEMs and small-to-medium-sized semiconductor companies directly and to expand our sales geographically.

Historically, a substantial portion of our licensing revenues has been derived in any given period from a relatively small number of licensees. Because of the substantial license fees we charge, our customers tend to be large semiconductor companies or vertically integrated system OEMs. Part of our current growth strategy is to broaden the adoption of our products by small and mid-size companies by offering different versions of our products targeted at these companies. If we are unable to develop and market effectively our intellectual property through these models, our revenues will continue to be dependent on a smaller number of licensees and a less geographically dispersed pattern of licensees, which could materially harm our business and results of operations.

Our operating results are affected by the highly cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry.

We operate within the semiconductor industry which experiences significant fluctuations in sales and profitability. Downturns in the semiconductor industry are characterized by diminished product demand, excess customer inventories, accelerated erosion of prices and excess production capacity. These factors could cause substantial fluctuations in our revenues and in our results of operations.

We may dispose of or discontinue existing product lines and technology developments, which may adversely impact our future results.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our various product offerings and technology developments in order to determine whether any should be discontinued or, to the extent possible, divested. We cannot guarantee that we have correctly forecasted, or will correctly forecast in the future, the right product lines and technology developments to dispose or discontinue or that our decision to dispose of or discontinue various investments, products lines and technology developments is prudent if market conditions change. In addition, there are no assurances that the discontinuance of various product lines will reduce our operating expenses or will not cause us to incur material charges associated with such decision. Furthermore, the discontinuance of existing product lines entails various risks, including the risk that we will not be able to find a purchaser for a product line or the purchase price obtained will not be equal to at least the book value of the net assets for the product line. Other risks include managing the expectations of, and maintaining good relations with, our customers who previously purchased products from our disposed or discontinued product lines, which could prevent us from selling other products to them in the future. We may also incur other significant liabilities and costs associated with our disposal or discontinuance of product lines, including employee severance costs and excess facilities costs.

 

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Cybersecurity threats or other security breaches could compromise sensitive information belonging to us or our customers and could harm our business and our reputation.

We store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business information and our customer and employee information. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions that could result in unauthorized disclosure or loss of sensitive data. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to networks, or to sabotage systems, change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Furthermore, in the operation of our business we also use third-party vendors that store certain sensitive data. Any security breach of our own or a third-party vendor’s systems could cause us to be non-compliant with applicable laws or regulations, subject us to legal claims or proceedings, disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, and cause a loss of confidence in our products and services, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Our corporate tax rate may increase, which could adversely impact our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations.

We have significant operations in Israel, as well operations in the Republic of Ireland and France. A substantial portion of our taxable income historically has been generated in Israel. Currently, our Israeli and Irish subsidiaries are taxed at rates lower than the U.S. tax rates. If our Israeli and Irish subsidiaries were no longer to qualify for these lower tax rates or if the applicable tax laws were rescinded or changed, our operating results could be materially adversely affected. Moreover, if U.S. or other authorities were to change applicable tax laws or successfully challenge the manner in which our subsidiaries’ profits are currently recognized, our overall tax expenses could increase, and our business, cash flow, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Also our taxes on the Irish interest income may be double taxed both in Ireland and in the U.S. due to U.S. tax regulations and Irish tax restrictions on NOLs to off-set interest income. In addition, our Israeli interest income also may be taxed both in Israel and the U.S due to different Controlled Foreign Corporation rules.

Our stock price may be volatile so you may not be able to resell your shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid for them.

Announcements of developments related to our business, announcements by competitors, quarterly fluctuations in our financial results, changes in the general conditions of the highly dynamic industry in which we compete or the national economies in which we do business, and other factors could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate, perhaps substantially. In addition, in recent years, the stock market has experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. These factors and fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our headquarters are located in Mountain View, California and we have principal offices in Herzliya, Israel, Sophia Antipolis, France and Dublin, Ireland.

 

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We lease buildings for our executive offices, and engineering, sales, marketing, administrative and support operations and design centers. The following table summarizes information with respect to the principal facilities leased by us as of December 31, 2017:

 

Location

   Term      Expiration    Area
(Sq. Feet)
  

Principal Activities

Mountain View, CA, U.S. (1)      8 years      2023    3,769    Headquarters; sales and marketing; administration
Herzliya, Israel (2)      6 years      2020    43,337    Research and development; administration; sales and marketing
Dublin, Ireland (3)      10 years      2026    1,755    Research and development; administration
Cork, Ireland (4)      5 years      2021    2,870    Research and development
Belfast, UK (5)      15 years      2019    2,600    Research and development
Sophia Antipolis, France      9 years      2021    7,535    Research and development; administration; sales and marketing
Shanghai, China      3 years      2018    3,438    sales and marketing
Tokyo, Japan      3 years      2019    1,713    sales and marketing

 

  (1) Break clause in the lease exercisable in 2020.
  (2) Break clause in the lease exercisable in 2018.
  (3) Break clause in the lease exercisable in 2021.
  (4) Break clause in the lease exercisable in 2018.
  (5) Break clause in the lease exercisable on payment of one year rent.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business. We are not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position

 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

 

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Below are the names, ages and principal recent business experience of our current executive officers. All such persons have been appointed by our board of directors to serve until their successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal.

Gideon Wertheizer , age 61, has served as our Chief Executive Officer since May 2005. He joined our board of directors in January 2010. Mr. Wertheizer has 34 years of experience in the semiconductor and Silicon Intellectual Property (SIP) industries. He previously served as the Executive Vice President and General Manager of the DSP business unit at CEVA. Prior to joining CEVA in November 2002, Mr. Wertheizer held various executive positions at DSP Group, Inc., including such roles as Executive VP—Strategic Business Development, Vice President for Marketing and Vice President of VLSI design. Mr. Wertheizer holds a BsC for electrical engineering from Ben Gurion University in Israel and executive MBA from Bradford University in the United Kingdom.

Yaniv Arieli , age 49, has served as our Chief Financial Officer since May 2005. Prior to his current position, Mr. Arieli served as President of U.S. Operations and Director of Investor Relations of DSP Group beginning in August 2002 and Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of DSP Group’s DSP Cores Licensing Division prior to that time. Before joining DSP Group in 1997, Mr. Arieli served as an account manager and certified public accountant at Kesselman & Kesselman, a member of PricewaterhouseCoopers, a leading accounting firm. Mr. Arieli is a CPA and holds a B.A. in Accounting and Economics from Haifa University in Israel and an M.B.A. from Newport University and is also a member of the National Investor Relation Institute.

Issachar Ohana , age 52, has served as our Vice President, Worldwide Sales, since November 2002 and our Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales, since July 2006. Prior to joining CEVA in November 2002, Mr. Ohana was with DSP Group beginning in August 1994 as a VLSI design engineer. He was appointed Project Manager of DSP Group’s research and development in July 1995, Director of Core Licensing in August 1998, and Vice President—Sales of the Core Licensing Division in May 2000. Mr. Ohana holds a B.Sc. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Ben Gurion University in Israel and an MBA from Bradford University in the United Kingdom.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock began trading on The NASDAQ Global Market on November 1, 2002. Our common stock currently trades under the ticker symbol “CEVA” on NASDAQ. As of February 24, 2018, there were approximately 925 holders of record, which we believe represents approximately 9,900 beneficial holders. The closing price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Market on February 23, 2018 was $37.10 per share. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low closing prices per share of our common stock, as reported on The NASDAQ Global Market.

 

     Price Range of
Common Stock
 
     High      Low  

2017

     

First Quarter

   $ 36.35      $ 32.35  

Second Quarter

   $ 48.05      $ 33.45  

Third Quarter

   $ 47.90      $ 39.40  

Fourth Quarter

   $ 51.10      $ 42.25  

2016

     

First Quarter

   $ 23.15      $ 17.41  

Second Quarter

   $ 27.90      $ 21.77  

Third Quarter

   $ 36.29      $ 26.13  

Fourth Quarter

   $ 35.55      $ 28.50  

We have never paid any cash dividends. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business and currently do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information as of December 31, 2017 regarding options, SARs and RSUs granted under our stock plans and remaining available for issuance under those plans will be contained in the definitive 2018 Proxy Statement for the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 17, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2017.

2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

We anticipate that the 2018 annual meeting of our stockholders will be held on May 17, 2018 in New York City, NY.

 

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Stock Performance Graph

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of the Company’s previous or future filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that might incorporate this proxy statement or future filings made by the Company under those statutes, the below Stock Performance Graph shall not be deemed filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any of those prior filings or into any future filings made by the Company under those statutes.

 

LOGO

 

     12/31/12      12/31/13      12/31/14      12/31/15      12/31/16      12/31/17  

CEVA, Inc.

     100.00        96.63        115.17        148.32        213.02        293.02  

NASDAQ Composite

     100.00        140.12        160.78        171.97        187.22        242.71  

Morningstar Semiconductor

     100.00        124.61        160.75        171.82        224.55        303.44  

The stock performance graph above compares the percentage change in cumulative stockholder return on the common stock of our company for the period from December 31, 2012, through December 31, 2017, with the cumulative total return on The NASDAQ Global Market (U.S.) Composite Index and the Morningstar Semiconductor Group Index.

This graph assumes the investment of $100 in our common stock (at the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2012), the NASDAQ Global Market (U.S.) Composite Index and the Morningstar Semiconductor Group Index on December 31, 2012, and assumes dividends, if any, are reinvested.

Comparisons in the graph above are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future performance of our common stock.

 

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,” both appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2013      2014     2015      2016      2017  
     (in thousands)  

Consolidated Statements of Income Data:

             

Revenues:

             

Licensing and related revenue

   $ 22,372      $ 28,348     $ 32,135      $ 31,874      $ 42,899  

Royalties

     26,528        22,460       27,364        40,779        44,608  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     48,900        50,808       59,499        72,653        87,507  

Cost of revenues

     5,163        5,000       5,424        6,086        6,953  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

     43,737        45,808       54,075        66,567        80,554  

Operating expenses:

             

Research and development, net

     21,216        25,828       28,113        30,838        40,385  

Sales and marketing

     10,092        9,815       10,168        11,540        12,572  

General and administrative

     7,670        8,054       8,184        8,567        10,488  

Amortization of intangible assets

     —          649       1,298        1,236        1,236  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     38,978        44,346       47,763        52,181        64,681  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     4,759        1,462       6,312        14,386        15,873  

Financial income, net

     2,714        975       1,069        2,039        3,026  

Other loss

     —          (404     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before taxes on income

     7,473        2,033       7,381        16,425        18,899  

Income taxes

     788        2,852       1,114        3,325        1,871  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   $ 6,685      $ (819   $ 6,267      $ 13,100      $ 17,028  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic net income (loss) per share

   $ 0.30      $ (0.04   $ 0.31      $ 0.63      $ 0.78  

Diluted net income (loss) per share

   $ 0.30      $ (0.04   $ 0.30      $ 0.61      $ 0.75  

 

     December 31,  
     2013      2014      2015      2016      2017  
     (in thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

              

Working capital

   $ 131,433      $ 93,777      $ 87,044      $ 122,117      $ 136,281  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     212,327        207,005        212,649        242,495        276,812  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total long-term liabilities

     7,255        7,961        7,571        8,349        9,347  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

   $ 190,895      $ 179,049      $ 186,095      $ 211,551      $ 244,670  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

    Three months ended  
    March 31,     June 30,     September 30,     December 31,     March 31,     June 30,     September 30,     December 31,  
    2016     2017  

Revenues:

         

Licensing and related revenue

  $ 8,650     $ 7,470     $ 7,456     $ 8,298     $ 9,535     $ 10,337     $ 14,021     $ 9,006  

Royalties

    7,858       9,633       10,390       12,898       11,752       10,238       10,023       12,595  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

    16,508       17,103       17,846       21,196       21,287       20,575       24,044       21,601  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cost of revenues

    1,628       1,403       1,422       1,633       1,696       1,608       1,726       1,923  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

    14,880       15,700       16,424       19,563       19,591       18,967       22,318       19,678  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

               

Research and development, net

    7,914       7,811       7,346       7,767       9,873       10,509       10,031       9,972  

Sales and marketing

    2,845       2,855       2,763       3,077       2,938       3,427       3,057       3,150  

General and administrative

    1,990       2,078       2,218       2,281       2,125       2,552       2,711       3,100  

Amortization of intangible assets

    309       309       309       309       309       309       309       309  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

    13,058       13,053       12,636       13,434       15,245       16,797       16,108       16,531  

Operating income

    1,822       2,647       3,788       6,129       4,346       2,170       6,210       3,147  

Financial income, net

    441       561       615       422       571       755       821       879  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before taxes on income

    2,263       3,208       4,403       6,551       4,917       2,925       7,031       4,026  

Income taxes expense (benefit)

    463       497       1,015       1,350       810       (983     1,181       863  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $ 1,800     $ 2,711     $ 3,388     $ 5,201     $ 4,107     $ 3,908     $ 5,850     $ 3,163  

Basic net income per share

  $ 0.09     $ 0.13     $ 0.16     $ 0.24     $ 0.19     $ 0.18     $ 0.27     $ 0.14  

Diluted net income per share

  $ 0.09     $ 0.13     $ 0.15     $ 0.24     $ 0.19     $ 0.17     $ 0.26     $ 0.14  

Weighted average shares used to compute net income per share (in thousands):

               

Basic

    20,520       20,604       21,025       21,239       21,398       21,712       21,946       22,017  

Diluted

    20,926       21,371       21,883       22,068       22,187       22,563       22,683       22,801  

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those included in such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include those set forth under “Risk Factors,” as well as those otherwise discussed in this section and elsewhere in this annual report. See “Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data.”

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

The following discussion and analysis is intended to provide an investor with a narrative of our financial results and an evaluation of our financial condition and results of operations. The discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, both appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Headquartered in Mountain View, California, CEVA is a leading licensor of signal processing platforms and a primary player in Artificial Intelligence (AI) processors for a smarter, connected world. We partner with semiconductor companies and OEMs worldwide to create power-efficient, intelligent and connected devices for a range of end markets, including mobile, consumer, automotive, industrial and Internet of Things (IoT).

Our ultra-low-power IPs address many of the most complex technologies for imaging and computer vision, neural networks, sound and long and short range wireless. Our portfolio includes comprehensive platforms for 5G baseband processing in handsets and infrastructure, highly integrated cellular IoT solutions, DSP and voice input algorithms and software for voice enabled devices, advanced imaging and computer vision DSP platforms for any camera-enabled device, and a family of self-contained AI processors that address a wide range of applications. For short range wireless, we offer the industry’s most widely adopted IPs for Bluetooth (low energy and dual mode) and Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n/ac up to 4x4).

Our technologies are licensed to leading semiconductor and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) companies throughout the world. These companies incorporate our IP into application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”) and application-specific standard products (“ASSPs”) that they manufacture, market and sell to wireless, consumer, automotive and IoT companies. We believe that our licensing business is progressing well with strong interest, diverse customer base and a myriad of target markets. Our state-of-the-art technology has shipped in more than 9 billion chips to date for a wide range of diverse end markets. One in three handsets sold worldwide is powered by CEVA.

Our signal processing platforms power many of the world’s leading handset OEMs, including a tier-one U.S. brand, ASUS, Coolpad, HTC, Huawei, Intex, Karbonn, Lava, Lenovo, LG, Meizu, Micromax, OPPO, Samsung, Vivo, Xiaomi, ZTE and hundreds of local handset manufacturers in China and India. Based on internal data and Strategy Analytics’ provisional worldwide shipment data, CEVA’s worldwide market share of handset baseband chips that incorporate our technologies was approximately 36% of the worldwide shipment volume in 2017.

Moreover, we believe the adoption of our signal processing platform and AI processors outside of the cellular baseband market continues to progress. As a testament to this growing trend, during 2017, we concluded 45 licensing deals, 43 of which are for non-cellular baseband applications. These license deals demonstrate that our technologies are being integrated into a broad range of end devices, including 5G base stations, smartphones, automotive ADAS, drones, surveillance cameras, wearables, industrial IoT and a variety of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connected consumer and medical products. Moreover, during the 2017, our royalty revenues derived from non-cellular baseband products approximately doubled year-over-year, contributing to more than $8 million of royalty revenues.

 

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We believe the following key elements represent significant growth drivers for the company:

 

    CEVA is firmly established in the largest space in the semiconductor industry—baseband for mobile handsets. In particular, our presence in the LTE smartphone markets continue to grow as our customers targeting those markets are gaining market share at the expense of the incumbents. During 2017, we reported 311 million LTE chipsets shipped, up from 226 million in 2016. The royalty we derive from smartphones is higher on average than that of feature phones, so we may benefit if and when LTE handset markets around the world transition and shift away from feature phones to smartphones, particularly in emerging economies. Furthermore, we believe that we may benefit from the base station chip ramp up in coming years, as a large customer of ours is forecasted to start ramping up production in the second half of 2018.

 

    Our specialization and competitive edge in signal processing platforms for next generation long and short range wireless such as 5G, NB-IoT, 802.11ac and 802.11ax Wi-Fi technologies, and the inherent low cost, power and performance balance of our designs, put us in a strong position to simultaneously capitalize on mass market adoption of such technologies and address multiple markets and product sectors, including handsets, fixed wireless access, macro base stations, remote radio heads, cellular backhaul, small cells, Wi-Fi routers and a variety of machine type communications such as connected cars, smart cities and industrial markets.

 

    Together with our presence in the handset baseband market, our Bluetooth and Wi-Fi IPs allow us to expand further into IoT applications and substantially increase our overall addressable market. Our addressable market size is expected to be 35 billion devices by 2020, per data from ABI Research. Already, shipments of products incorporating our Bluetooth IP are sizeable, with more than 200 million CEVA-powered Bluetooth chips shipped in 2017, up 45% from 138 million units in 2016.

 

    The growing market potential for voice assisted devices, as voice is becoming the primary user interface for IoT applications, including mobile, automotive and consumer devices, offers an additional growth segment for the company in voice enabled devices such as smartphones, headsets, earbuds, smart speakers, smart home and automotive. To better address this market, we recently introduced ClearVox, a new voice input software and algorithm, that is offered in conjunction with our audio/voice DSPs. ClearVox, plus our proven track record in audio/voice processing, with more than 6 billion audio chips shipped to date, puts us in a strong position to power audio and voice roadmaps across this new range of addressable end markets.

 

    Our CEVA-XM4 and CEVA-XM6 imaging and vision platforms for deep learning provide highly compelling offerings for any camera-enabled device such as smartphones, tablets, automotive safety (ADAS), autonomous driving (AD), drones, robotics, security and surveillance, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), drones, and signage. Per ABI Research, camera shipments are expected to exceed 2.7 billion units by 2018. We have already signed more than 50 licensing agreements for our imaging and vision DSPs across those markets, where our customers can add camera-related enhancements such as smarter autofocus, better picture using super resolution algorithms, and better image capture in low-light environments. Other customers can add video analytics support to enable new services like augmented reality, gesture recognition and advanced safety capabilities in cars. This transformation in vision processing and neural net software and hardware needs is an opportunity for us to expand our footprint and content in smartphones, tablets, drones, surveillance, automotive ADAS and industrial IoT applications.

 

    Beyond vision, neural networks are increasingly being deployed for a wide range of markets in order to make devices ‘smarter’. These markets include IoT, smartphones, surveillance, automotive, robotics, medical and industrial. To address this significant and lucrative opportunity, we recently announced NeuPro™ - a family of AI processors for deep learning at the edge. These self-contained AI processors are the first non-DSP processors ever developed by CEVA and bring the power of deep learning to the device, without relying on connectivity to the cloud. We believe this market opportunity for AI at the edge is on top of our existing product lines and represents a new licensing and royalty driver for the company in the coming years.

 

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As a result of our diversification strategy beyond baseband for handsets and our progress in addressing those new markets under the IoT umbrella, we expect significant growth in royalty revenues derived from non-handset baseband applications over the next few years, due to a combination of higher unit shipments of Bluetooth products that bear lower ASPs, along with higher ASPs driven by base station and vision products.

Notwithstanding the various growth opportunities we have outlined above, our business operates in a highly competitive and cyclical environment. The maintenance of our competitive position and our future growth are dependent on our ability to adapt to ever-changing technologies, short product life cycles, evolving industry standards, changing customer needs and the trend towards Internet-of-Things, handset baseband, connectivity, and voice, audio and video convergence in the markets that we operate. Also, our business relies significantly on revenues derived from a limited number of customers. The discontinuation of product lines or market sectors that incorporate our technology by our significant customers or a change in direction of their business and our inability to adapt our technology to their new business needs could have material negative implications for our future royalty revenues. Moreover, competition has historically increased pricing pressures for our products and decreased our average selling prices. Royalty payments under our existing license agreements also could be lower than currently anticipated for a variety of reasons, including decreased royalty rates triggered by larger volume shipments, lower royalty rates negotiated with customers due to competitive pressure or consolidation among our customers. Some of our competitors have reduced their licensing and royalty fees to attract customers and expand their market share. In order to penetrate new markets and maintain our market share with our existing products, we may need to offer our products in the future at lower prices which may result in lower profits. In addition, our future growth is dependent not only on the continued success of our existing products but also the successful introduction of new products, which requires the dedication of resources into research and development which in turn may increase our operating expenses. Furthermore, since our products are incorporated into end products of our OEM and semiconductor customers, our business is very dependent on their ability to achieve market acceptance of their end products in the handset and consumer electronic markets, which are similarly very competitive. In addition, macroeconomic trends may significantly affect our operating results. For example, consolidation among our customers may negatively affect our revenue source, increase our existing customers’ negotiation leverage and make us more dependent on a limited number of customers. Also, since we continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from the handset baseband market, any negative trends in that market would adversely affect our financial results.

Moreover, the semiconductor and consumer electronics industries remain volatile, which makes it extremely difficult for our customers and us to accurately forecast financial results and plan for future business activities. Our license arrangements have not historically provided for substantial ongoing license payments so revenue recognized from licensing arrangements vary significantly from period to period, depending on the number and size of deals closed during a quarter, and is difficult to predict. Moreover, our royalty revenues are based on the sales of products incorporating the semiconductors or other products of our customers, and as a result we do not have direct access to information that will help us anticipate the timing and amount of future royalties. We have very little visibility into the timetable of product shipments incorporating our technology by our customers. As a result, our past operating results should not be relied upon as an indication of future results.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP). These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected. The significant accounting policies that we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:

 

    revenue recognition;

 

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    business combinations and valuation of goodwill and other acquired intangible assets;

 

    income taxes;

 

    equity-based compensation; and

 

    impairment of marketable securities;

In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by U.S. GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting among available alternatives would not produce a materially different result.

Revenue Recognition

Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the recognition of revenue in any accounting period. Material differences in the amount of revenue in any given period may result if these judgments or estimates prove to be incorrect or if management’s estimates change on the basis of development of business or market conditions. Management’s judgments and estimates have been applied consistently and have been reliable historically.

We generate our revenues from (1) licensing intellectual property, which in certain circumstances is modified for customer-specific requirements, (2) royalty revenues and (3) other revenues, which include revenues from support, training and sale of development systems. We license our IP to semiconductor companies throughout the world. These semiconductor companies then manufacture, market and sell custom-designed chipsets to OEMs of a variety of consumer electronics products. We also license our technology directly to OEMs, which are considered end users.

We account for our IP license revenues and related services in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 985-605, “Software Revenue Recognition.” Revenues are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and no further obligation exists, delivery has occurred, the license fee is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. A license may be perpetual or time limited in its application. Revenue earned on licensing arrangements involving multiple elements are allocated to each element based on the “residual method” when vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for all undelivered elements and VSOE does not exist for one of the delivered elements. VSOE of fair value of the undelivered elements is determined based on the substantive renewal rate as stated in the agreement.

Extended payment terms in a licensing arrangement may indicate that the license fees are not deemed to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer unless collection is not considered reasonably assured, then revenue is recognized as payments are collected from the customer, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Revenues from license fees that involve significant customization of our IP to customer-specific specifications are recognized in accordance with the principles set out in FASB ASC No. 605-35-25, “Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts Recognition,” using contract accounting on a percentage of completion method. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the total license fees under the agreement and the percentage of completion achieved. The percentage of completion is measured by the actual time incurred to date on the project compared to the total estimated project requirements, which correspond to the costs related to earned revenues. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made during the period in which such losses are first determined, in the amount of the estimated loss on the entire contract.

Revenues that are derived from the sale of a licensee’s products that incorporate our IP are classified as royalty revenues. Royalty revenues are recognized during the quarter in which we receive a report from the

 

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licensee detailing the shipment of products that incorporate our IP, which receipt is in the quarter following the licensee’s sale of such products to its customers. Royalties are calculated either as a percentage of the revenues received by our licensees on sales of products incorporating our IP or on a per unit basis, as specified in the agreements with the licensees. We may engage a third party to perform royalty audits of our licensees, and if these audits indicate any over- or under-reported royalties, we account for the results when the audits are resolved.

In addition to license fees, contracts with customers generally contain an agreement to provide for post contract support and training, which consists of telephone or e-mail support, correction of errors (bug fixing) and unspecified updates and upgrades. Fees for post contract support, which takes place after delivery to the customer, are specified in the contract and are generally mandatory for the first year. After the mandatory period, the customer may extend the support agreement on similar terms on an annual basis. We recognize revenue for post contract support on a straight-line basis over the period for which technical support is contractually agreed to be provided to the licensee, typically 12 months. Revenues from training are recognized as the training is performed.

Revenues from the sale of development systems are recognized when title to the product passes to the customer and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

We usually do not provide rights of return. When rights of return are included in the license agreements, revenue is deferred until rights of return expire.

Business Combinations and Valuation of Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets

We allocate the fair value of purchase price consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase price consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired customers, acquired technology, and trade names from a market participant perspective, useful lives, and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.

We review goodwill for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 350 “Intangibles—Goodwill and other”. There is a two-phase process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first phase screens for potential impairment, while the second phase (if necessary) measures impairment. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. In such a case, the second phase is then performed, and the reporting unit measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the implied fair value of that goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. For each of the three years for the period ended December 31, 2017, no impairment of goodwill was identified.

Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate the recoverability of our intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of property and equipment and intangible assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. We have not recorded any such impairment charge during the years presented.

 

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In addition to the recoverability assessment, we routinely review the remaining estimated useful lives of our finite-lived intangible assets. If we reduce the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance would be amortized over the revised estimated useful life.

Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes mainly in Israel, France, the U.S. and Ireland. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. We recognize income taxes under the liability method. Tax benefits are recognized from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. Although we believe we have adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different. We adjust these reserves when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit, the refinement of an estimate or changes in tax laws. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The provision for income taxes includes the effects of any reserves that are considered appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties.

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences arising from differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities under GAAP and their respective tax bases, and for net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and establish a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. To make this judgment, we must make predictions of the amount and category of taxable income from various sources and weigh all available positive and negative evidence about these possible sources of taxable income.

Accounting for tax positions requires judgments, including estimating reserves for potential uncertainties. We also assess our ability to utilize tax attributes, including those in the form of carry forwards for which the benefits have already been reflected in the financial statements. While we believe the resulting tax balances as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 are appropriately accounted for, the ultimate outcome of such matters could result in favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our consolidated financial statements and such adjustments could be material. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 for further information regarding income taxes. We have filed or are in the process of filing local and foreign tax returns that are subject to audit by the respective tax authorities. The amount of income tax we pay is subject to ongoing audits by the tax authorities, which often result in proposed assessments. We believe that we adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcomes related to tax audits and settlement. However, our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities in the period the assessments are made or resolved, audits are closed or when statute of limitations on potential assessments expire.

On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted into law and the new legislation contains several key tax provisions that affected us, including a one-time mandatory transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings and a reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018, among others. We are required to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment, such as determining the transition tax, remeasuring our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as reassessing the net realizability of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (SAB 118), which allows us to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. Since the Tax Act was passed late in the fourth quarter of 2017, and ongoing guidance and accounting interpretation are expected over the next 12 months, we consider the accounting of the transition tax, deferred tax re-measurements, and other items to be incomplete due to the forthcoming guidance and our ongoing analysis of final year-end data and tax positions. We expect to complete our analysis within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118.

 

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Equity-Based Compensation

We account for equity-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC No. 718, “Stock Compensation” which requires the recognition of compensation expenses based on estimated fair values for all equity-based awards made to employees and non-employee directors.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transaction, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. For public companies, ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. We adopted ASU 2016-09 during the first quarter of 2017, at which time it changed our accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. There was no material impact of the adoption of this standard on our financial statements. In addition, historically, excess tax benefits or deficiencies from our equity awards were recorded as additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheets and were classified as a financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result of adoption, we prospectively record any excess tax benefits or deficiencies from our equity awards as part of our provision for income taxes in our consolidated statements of operations during the reporting periods during which equity vesting occurs. Excess tax benefits for share-based payments are presented as an operating activity in the statements of cash flows rather than financing activity. We elected to apply the cash flow classification requirements related to excess tax benefits prospectively in accordance with ASU 2016-09 and prior periods have not been adjusted.

We estimate the fair value of options and stock appreciation right (“SAR”) awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of an award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period in our consolidated statement of income. We recognize compensation expenses for the value of our options and SARs, which have graded vesting based on the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each of the awards. Prior to January 1, 2017, we recognized compensation expenses for the value of our options and SARs, net of estimated forfeitures. Estimated forfeitures were based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures and the rate was adjusted to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any.

We recognize compensation expenses for the value of our restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards, based on the straight-line method over the requisite service period of each of the awards. The fair value of each RSU is the market value as determined by the closing price of the common stock on the day of grant.

We use the Monte-Carlo simulation model for options and SARs granted. Expected volatility was calculated based upon actual historical stock price movements over the most recent periods ending on the grant date, equal to the expected option and SAR term. We have historically not paid dividends and have no foreseeable plans to pay dividends. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The Monte-Carlo model also considers the suboptimal exercise multiple which is based on the average exercise behavior of our employees over the past years, the contractual term of the options and SARs, and the probability of termination or retirement of the holder of the options and SARs in computing the value of the options and SARs. Although our management believes that their estimates and judgments about equity-based compensation expense are reasonable, actual results and future changes in estimates may differ substantially from our current estimates.

Impairment of Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist mainly of corporate bonds. We determine the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluate such designation at each balance sheet date. In accordance with FASB ASC No. 320, “Investment Debt and Equity Securities,” we classify marketable securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses

 

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reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of taxes. Realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities, as determined on a specific identification basis, are included in financial income, net. The amortized cost of marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount to maturity, both of which, together with interest, are included in financial income, net. We have classified all marketable securities as short-term, even though the stated maturity date may be one year or more beyond the current balance sheet date, because it is probable that we will sell these securities prior to maturity to meet liquidity needs or as part of risk versus reward objectives.

We recognize an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of our investments in debt securities below the cost basis of such securities is judged to be other-than-temporary. The determination of credit losses requires significant judgment and actual results may be materially different from our estimates. Factors considered in making such a determination include the duration and severity of the impairment, the reason for the decline in value, the ability of the issuer to meet payment obligations and the potential recovery period . For securities that are deemed other-than-temporarily impaired, the amount of impairment is recognized in the statement of income and is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, no other-than temporary impairment were recorded related to our marketable securities.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement

(a) Revenue recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued new guidance related to revenue recognition, which outlines a comprehensive revenue recognition model and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance requires a company to recognize revenue as control of goods or services transfers to a customer at an amount that reflects the expected consideration to be received in exchange for those goods or services. It defines a five-step approach for recognizing revenue, which may require a company to use more judgment and make more estimates than under the current guidance. We adopted the new guidance during the first quarter of 2018 and apply the standard using modified retrospective approach, with the cumulative effect of applying the new guidance recognized as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance. Given the scope of work required to implement the new revenue recognition rules and disclosure requirements under the new guidance, we have made progress in the identification of changes to policy, processes and controls, and we continue to assess data availability and presentation necessary to meet the additional disclosure requirements of the guidance in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the adoption period and onwards.

We finished analyzing the potential impact of the new guidance. We currently expect the adoption of this new guidance to most significantly impact our royalty business. Specifically, we expect a change in the timing of revenues recognized from sales-based royalties. We currently recognize sales-based royalties as revenues during the quarter during which such royalties are reported by licensees, which is after the conclusion of the quarter during which the licensees’ sales occur and when all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Under the new guidance, we are required to estimate and recognize sales-based royalties during the period during which the associated sales occur, resulting in an acceleration of revenue recognition compared to the current method. In addition, we expect an increase in trade receivables, due to royalty revenues now being recorded as accrued revenues in the statement of financial position, along with our current trade receivables.

Furthermore, based on our current analysis, another effect on our revenue recognition relates to certain deliverables that may be considered as distinct performance obligations separate from other performance obligations, and are measured using the relative standalone selling price basis.

Under the new standard, an entity recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring IP license or services to the customer, either at a point in time or over time. We expect to continue to

 

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recognize most of our revenues at a point in time upon delivery of our products. We expect to recognize revenue over time on significant license customization contracts that are covered by contract accounting standards using cost inputs to measure progress toward completion of our performance obligations, which is similar to the current method.

In addition, incremental costs that are related to sales from contracts signed during the period will require capitalization. If the amortization period of those costs are one year or less, the costs are expensed as incurred, which is a practical expedient manner permitted under the new guidance. We currently do not expect that this change will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

We currently estimate the cumulative adjustment to increase our retained earnings by approximately $8.1 million, while increasing our assets by approximately $9.1 million. The most significant impact of the standard on our financial statements relates to the timing of revenues recognized from sales-based royalties (amounted to approximately $8.8 million). We will also record a provision for income taxes, which will increase our current liabilities, in an amount currently estimated at approximately $1.1 million.

Other than specified above, we do not otherwise expect the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on our businesses.

(b) Other accounting standards

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which requires that equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) are to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We adopted this ASU during the first quarter of 2018 and we do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which will replace the existing guidance in ASC 840, “Leases.” The updated standard aims to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods; early adoption is permitted and modified retrospective application is required. We are in the process of evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it will have on our financial statements and related disclosures.

The FASB issued ASU 2016-13 “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” requiring an allowance to be recorded for all expected credit losses for financial assets. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The new standard also makes revisions to the other than temporary impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities. Disclosures of credit quality indicators in relation to the amortized cost of financing receivables are further disaggregated by year of origination. The new accounting guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The amendments will be applied through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. We are analyzing the impact of this new standard and, at this time, cannot estimate the impact of adoption on our net income. We plan to adopt ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The amendments in this ASU provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. Because the current definition of a business is interpreted broadly

 

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and can be difficult to apply, analyzing transactions is inefficient and costly and that the definition does not permit the use of reasonable judgment. The amendments provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reduce the costs of application, and make the definition of a business more operable. The amendments in this update become effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements, but the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles: Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, the amendments eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, the income tax effects of tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the qualitative impairment test is necessary. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle should be disclosed upon transition. The amendments in this update should be adopted for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements, but the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents line items from our consolidated statements of income as percentages of our total revenues for the periods indicated:

 

     2015     2016     2017  

Consolidated Statements of Income Data:

      

Revenues:

      

Licensing and related revenue

     54.0     43.9     49.0

Royalties

     46.0     56.1     51.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     100.0     100.0     100.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cost of revenues

     9.1     8.4     7.9

Gross profit

     90.9     91.6     92.1

Operating expenses:

      

Research and development, net

     47.2     42.4     46.2

Sales and marketing

     17.1     15.9     14.4

General and administrative

     13.8     11.8     12.0

Amortization of intangible assets

     2.2     1.7     1.4
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     80.3     71.8     74.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income

     10.6     19.8     18.1

Financial income, net

     1.8     2.8     3.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before taxes on income

     12.4     22.6     21.6

Income taxes

     1.9     4.6     2.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     10.5     18.0     19.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Discussion and Analysis

Below we provide information on the significant line items in our consolidated statements of income for each of the past three fiscal years, including the percentage changes year-on-year, as well as an analysis of the principal drivers of change in these line items from year-to-year.

Revenues

Total Revenues

 

     2015      2016     2017  

Total revenues (in millions)

   $ 59.5      $ 72.7     $ 87.5  

Change year-on-year

     —          22.1     20.4

We derive a significant amount of revenues from a limited number of customers. Sales to Spreadtrum represented 23%, 27% and 31% of our total revenues for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Generally, the identity of our other customers representing 10% or more of our total revenues varies from period to period, especially with respect to our licensing customers as we generate licensing revenues generally from new customers on a quarterly basis. With respect to our royalty revenues, two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2017, and collectively represented 70% of our total royalty revenues for 2017; two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2016, and collectively represented 80% of our total royalty revenues for 2016; and two royalty paying customers each represented 10% or more of our total royalty revenues for 2015, and collectively represented 72% of our total royalty revenues for 2015. We expect that a significant portion of our future revenues will continue to be generated by a limited number of customers. The concentration of our customers is explainable in part by consolidation in the semiconductor industry. The loss of any significant customer could adversely affect our near-term future operating results.

The following table sets forth the products and services as percentages of our total revenues in each of the periods set forth below:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015     2016     2017  

DSP products (DSP cores and platforms):

      

Baseband for handset and other devices

     68     69     64

Other non-baseband (audio, imaging and vision)

     14     15     22

Connectivity products (Bluetooth, WiFi and SATA/SAS)

     18     16     14

We expect to continue to generate a significant portion of our revenues for 2018 from the above products and services.

Licensing and related revenue

 

     2015      2016     2017  

Licensing and related revenue (in millions)

   $ 32.1      $ 31.9     $ 42.9  

Change year-on-year

     —          (0.8 )%      34.6

The increase in licensing and related revenues from 2016 to 2017 principally reflected strong demand throughout the year for our products, in particular vision, deep neural networks, 5G base stations, backhaul and cellular IoT, offset by lower handset baseband licensing deals. The slight decrease in licensing and related revenues from 2015 to 2016 is explained by lower revenues from the handset baseband markets, partially offset by positive licensing demand and contribution for our connectivity IPs, in particular Bluetooth and our vision-related products.

 

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Our higher licensing and related revenue in 2017 and recent years reflect organic growth and investments in our research and development efforts that have strengthened our successful diversification strategy to develop and license products outside our traditional handset baseband markets. We also further strengthened our technology leadership in a number of key growth areas with the introduction of new products, among which are: CEVA-XC12, the most advanced DSP for infrastructure and networking applications; Dragonfly, a complete end-to-end solution for narrowband IoT; NeuPro, the first self-contained processor architecture for AI at the edge; ClearVox, a complete front-end voice processing software suite for voice-enabled devices and AI assistants, and Bluetooth 5 dual mode, the key enabling technology for the proliferation of wireless headsets, hearables and earbuds. In 2017, we concluded 45 licensing agreements (43 of which were for non-handset baseband and 16 were with first-time customers), compared to 49 and 47 in 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Our technologies are now designed in by leading semiconductor companies and OEMs in their base stations, smartphone application processors, imaging chips, drones, surveillance systems, audio chips, as well as automotive, smart grid, Wi-Fi, satellite communication, connectivity, GPS devices and connectivity for Internet-of-Things.

Licensing and related revenue accounted for 49.0% of our total revenues for 2017, compared with 43.9% and 54.0% of our total revenues for 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Royalty Revenues

 

     2015      2016     2017  

Royalty revenues (in millions)

   $ 27.4      $ 40.8     $ 44.6  

Change year-on-year

     —          49.0     9.4

We generate royalty revenues from our customers who ship units of chips incorporating our technologies. Until the end of 2017, our royalties were invoiced and recognized on a quarterly basis in arrears as we receive quarterly shipment reports from our licensees. The royalty rate is based either on a certain percent of the chipset price or a fixed amount per chipset based on volume discounts.

Based on internal data and Strategy Analytics’ provisional worldwide shipment data, CEVA’s worldwide market share of handset baseband chips that incorporate our technologies represented approximately 36%, 35% and 30% of the worldwide baseband volume in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and accounted for approximately 82%, 91% and 88% of our total royalty revenues for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The increase in royalty revenues from 2016 to 2017 reflects higher non-handset baseband licensing revenues in recent years that contributed to higher-non handset baseband royalties in 2017, mainly from a new base station royalty payer, Bluetooth market expansion and vision based products, slightly off-set by lower handset baseband royalties due to softness at low tier smartphone shipments. The increase in royalty revenues from 2015 to 2016 mainly reflected an exceptional royalty revenue growth from CEVA-powered smartphones in general and LTE shipments in particular. The five largest royalty-paying customers accounted for 88% of our total royalty revenues for 2017, compared to 92% of our total royalty revenues for 2016 and 87% of our total royalty revenues for 2015.

Our customers reported sales of 1,156 million chipsets incorporating our technologies in 2017, compared to 1,076 million in 2016 and 917 million in 2015. The increase in units shipped in 2017 as compared to 2016 was attributable to a significant increase in Bluetooth shipments and first time ramp up volumes from our vision customers. The increase in units shipped in 2016 as compared to 2015 was attributable to a significant increase in smartphone baseband chip shipments, including LTE baseband chips (which also bear higher average selling prices than feature phone baseband products), partially offset by lower feature phone baseband chip shipments.

 

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Geographic Revenue Analysis

 

    

2015

   

2016

   

2017

 
     (in millions, except percentages)  

United States

   $ 9.7        16.4   $ 9.2        12.6   $ 7.2        8.2

Europe, Middle East (EME)

   $ 7.1        11.9   $ 10.9        15.0   $ 11.0        12.6

Asia Pacific (APAC) (1) (2)

   $ 42.7        71.7   $ 52.6        72.4   $ 69.3        79.2

(1) China

   $ 30.0        50.4   $ 30.0        41.3   $ 41.1        46.9

(2) S. Korea

   $ 6.2        10.4   $ 15.5        21.4   $ 17.8        20.4

 

*) Less than 10%

Due to the nature of our license agreements and the associated potential large individual contract amounts, the geographic spilt of revenues both in absolute dollars and percentage terms generally varies from period to period.

The decrease in revenues in absolute dollars and percentage terms in the United States from 2016 to 2017 reflected lower licensing and royalty revenues mainly due to less design starts and licensing activities, and a continued design-out of two of our handset baseband customers. The decrease in revenues in absolute dollars and percentage terms in the United States from 2015 to 2016 reflected lower licensing and royalty revenues, mainly due to less design starts and production ramp ups.

The slight increase in revenues in absolute dollars and the decrease in percentage in the EME region from 2016 to 2017 primarily reflected lower licensing revenues for base station applications off-set by higher royalty revenues, mainly from handset baseband products. The increase in revenues in absolute dollars and percentage in the EME region from 2015 to 2016 primarily reflected higher licensing activities for base station applications and connectivity products, as well higher royalty revenues.

The increase in revenues in absolute dollars in the APAC region from 2016 to 2017 primarily reflected higher licensing activities associated with many of our newer non-handset baseband customers and technologies for base stations and vision, as well as higher royalties, mainly from a first time base station customer that ramped up production in 2017. The increase in revenues in absolute dollars and percentage terms in the APAC region from 2015 to 2016 primarily reflected higher royalty revenues from production ramp up and market share gains of our customers.

Cost of Revenues

 

     2015      2016     2017  

Cost of revenues (in millions)

   $ 5.4      $ 6.1     $ 7.0  

Change year-on-year

     —          12.2     14.2

Cost of revenues accounted for 7.9% of our total revenues for 2017, compared to 8.4% of our total revenues for 2016 and 9.1% of our total revenues for 2015. The absolute dollar increase in cost of revenues for 2017 as compared to 2016 principally reflected higher salary and related costs, higher third party IP costs (associated with the NB-IoT product line), higher payments to the Israeli Innovation Authority of the Ministry of Economy and Industry in Israel (the “IIA”) and higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses, partially offset by lower customization work for our licensees. The absolute dollar increase in cost of revenues for 2016 as compared to 2015 principally reflected higher customization work for our licensees.

Cost of revenues includes labor-related costs and, where applicable, costs related to overhead, subcontractors, materials, travel, royalty expenses payments to the IIA and non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Non-cash equity-based compensation expenses included in cost of revenues for the years 2017, 2016

 

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and 2015 were $459,000, $246,000 and $155,000, respectively. Royalty expenses relate to royalties payable to the IIA that amount to 3%-3.5% of the actual sales of certain of our products, the development of which previously included grants from the IIA. The obligation to pay these royalties is contingent on actual sales of these products.

Operating Expenses

 

     2015      2016     2017  
    

(in millions)

 

Research and development, net

   $ 28.1      $ 30.8     $ 40.4  

Sales and marketing

   $ 10.2      $ 11.5     $ 12.6  

General and administration

   $ 8.2      $ 8.6     $ 10.5  

Amortization of intangible assets

   $ 1.3      $ 1.2     $ 1.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

   $ 47.8      $ 52.1     $ 64.7  

Change year-on-year

     —          9.2     24.0

The increase in total operating expenses for 2017 as compared to 2016 principally reflected lower research grants received from the IIA, higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses and higher salary and related costs, mainly due to higher headcount associated with accelerated strategic research and development programs and collaborations with our customers to expedite their production ramps. The increase in total operating expenses for 2016 as compared to 2015 principally reflected higher salary and related costs mainly due to higher headcount, higher project-related expenses and higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses, partially offset by higher research grants received from the IIA.

Research and Development Expenses, Net

 

     2015      2016     2017  

Research and development expenses, net (in millions)

   $ 28.1      $ 30.8     $ 40.4  

Change year-on-year

     —          9.7     31.0

The net increase in research and development expenses for 2017 as compared to 2016 principally reflected higher salary and related costs, mainly due to higher headcount associated with accelerated strategic research and development programs and collaborations with our customers to expedite their production ramp-ups, lower research grants received from the IIA and higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses associated with our employee retention efforts. The net increase in research and development expenses for 2016 as compared to 2015 principally reflected higher salary and related costs mainly due to higher headcount, higher project-related expenses and higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses, partially offset by higher research grants received from the IIA. The average number of research and development personnel in 2017 was 217, compared to 194 in 2016 and 182 in 2015. The number of research and development personnel was 228 at December 31, 2017 as compared to 199 in 2016 and 184 in 2015.

We anticipate that our research and developments costs will continue to increase in 2018 as compared to prior years, partially due to accelerated strategic research and development programs for artificial intelligence processors and further collaboration with our customers to expedite their production ramp-ups, as well as from higher equity-based compensation expenses and higher expenses associated with foreign currency exchange effects due to the devaluation mainly of the USD as compared to the NIS and Euros.

Research and development expenses, net of related government grants and French research tax benefits applicable to Crédit Impôt Recherche (“CIR”), were 46.2% of our total revenues for 2017, as compared with 42.4% for 2016 and 47.2% for 2015. We recorded research grants under funding programs of $4,417,000 in 2017, compared with $6,410,000 in 2016 and $4,997,000 in 2015. We recorded CIR benefits of $1,555,000, $1,485,000 and $1,414,000 for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

 

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Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and associated costs, facilities expenses associated with research and development activities, project-related expenses connected with the development of our intellectual property which are expensed as incurred, and non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Non-cash equity-based compensation expenses included in research and development expenses, net for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $3,839,000, $2,860,000 and $1,838,000, respectively. Research and development expenses are net of related government research grants and research tax benefits applicable to CIR. We view research and development as a principal strategic investment and have continued our commitment to invest heavily in this area, which represents the largest of our ongoing operating expenses. We will need to continue to invest in research and development and such expenses may increase in the future to keep pace with new trends in our industry.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

 

     2015      2016     2017  

Sales and marketing expenses (in millions)

   $ 10.2      $ 11.5     $ 12.6  

Change year-on-year

     —          13.5     8.9

The increase in sales and marketing expenses for 2017 as compared to 2016 principally reflected higher salary and related costs and higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. The increase in sales and marketing expenses for 2016 as compared to 2015 principally reflected higher salary and related costs, higher commission costs, higher travel costs and higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses.

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of our total revenues were 14.4% for 2017, as compared with 15.9% for 2016 and 17.1% for 2015. The total number of sales and marketing personnel was 36 in 2017, as compared with 35 in 2016 and 34 in 2015. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions, travel and other costs associated with sales and marketing activities, as well as advertising, trade show participation, public relations and other marketing costs and non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Non-cash equity-based compensation expenses included in sales and marketing expenses for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $1,428,000, $922,000 and $568,000, respectively.

General and Administrative Expenses

 

     2015      2016     2017  

General and administrative expenses (in millions)

   $ 8.2      $ 8.6     $ 10.5  

Change year-on-year

     —          4.7     22.4

The increase in general and administrative expenses for 2017 as compared to 2016 principally reflected higher professional service fees and higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses for 2016 as compared to 2015 principally reflected higher non-cash equity-based compensation expenses, partially offset by lower professional services costs.

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of our total revenues were 12.0% for 2017, as compared with 11.8% for 2016 and 13.8% for 2015. The total number of general and administrative personnel was 26 in 2017, as compared with 23 in 2016 and 23 in 2015. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of fees for directors, salaries for management and administrative employees, accounting and legal fees, expenses related to investor relations and facilities expenses associated with general and administrative activities and non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Non-cash equity-based compensation expenses included in general and administrative expenses for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $2,967,000, $2,208,000 and $1,454,000, respectively.

 

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Amortization of Intangible Assets

Our amortization charges were $1.2 million, $1.2 million and $1.3 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The charges were incurred in connection with the amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisition of RivieraWaves in July 2014. As of December 31, 2017, the net amount of intangible assets was $1.7 million.

Financial Income, net

 

     2015      2016      2017  
    

(in millions)

 

Financial income, net

   $ 1.07      $ 2.04      $ 3.03  

of which:

        

Interest income and gains and losses from marketable securities, net

   $ 1.66      $ 2.23      $ 3.05  

Foreign exchange loss

   $ (0.49    $ (0.19    $ (0.02

Accretion of Contingent Consideration

   $ (0.10      —          —    

Financial income, net, consists of interest earned on investments, gains and losses from sale of marketable securities, accretion (amortization) of discount (premium) on marketable securities, foreign exchange movements and changes in fair value related to contingent consideration as part of the acquisition of RivieraWaves.

The increase in interest income and gains and losses from marketable securities, net, for both 2017 as compared to 2016 and 2016 as compared to 2015 reflected higher combined cash, bank deposits and marketable securities balances held and higher yields.

We review our monthly expected major non-U.S. dollar denominated expenditures and look to hold equivalent non-U.S. dollar cash balances to mitigate currency fluctuations. This has resulted in a foreign exchange loss of $0.02 million, $0.19 million and $0.49 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Provision for Income Taxes

During the years 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded tax expenses of $1.9 million, $3.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The decrease in provision for income taxes in 2017 as compared to 2016 principally reflected a tax benefit of $1.8 million due to the release of a tax provision as a result of the completion of a tax audit in a certain foreign tax jurisdiction, partially offset by higher income before taxes on income and a one-time recording of a deferred tax asset due to a change in the estimation for taxable income for future years. The increase in provision for income taxes in 2016 as compared to 2015 principally reflected: (1) higher income before taxes on income; (2) tax expenses relating to an uncertain tax position for prior years; and (3) a one-time write off of a deferred tax liabilities in 2015 related to the RivieraWaves acquisition. We have significant operations in Israel and operations in France and the Republic of Ireland. A substantial portion of our taxable income is generated in Israel. Currently, our Israeli and Irish subsidiaries are taxed at rates substantially lower than U.S. tax rates.

Our Irish subsidiary qualified for a 12.5% tax rate on its trade. Interest income generated by our Irish subsidiary is taxed at a rate of 25%. Our French subsidiary qualified for a 33.33% tax rate on its profits.

Our Israeli subsidiary is entitled to various tax benefits by virtue of the “Approved Enterprise” and/or “Benefited Enterprise” status granted to its eight investment programs, as defined by the Israeli Investment Law. In accordance with the Investment Law, our Israeli subsidiary’s first seven investment programs were subject to corporate tax rate of 24% in 2017, and our Israeli subsidiary’s eighth investment programs was subject to corporate tax rate of 10% in 2017. However, our Israeli subsidiary is eligible for the erosion of tax basis with

 

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respect to its first seven investment programs, and this resulted in an increase in the taxable income attributable to the eighth investment program, which was subject to a reduced tax rate of 10% in 2017. The tax benefits under our Israeli subsidiary’s active investment programs are scheduled to gradually expire starting in 2020.

To maintain our Israeli subsidiary’s eligibility for the above tax benefits, it must continue to meet certain conditions under the Investment Law. Should our Israeli subsidiary fail to meet such conditions in the future, these benefits would be cancelled and it would be subject to corporate tax in Israel at the standard corporate rate and could be required to refund tax benefits already received, with interest and adjustments for inflation based on the Israeli consumer price index.

For more information about our provision for income taxes, see Note 12 to the attached Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement for the year ended December 31, 2017.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $21.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, $34.4 million in short term bank deposits, $82.7 million in marketable securities, and $44.5 million in long term bank deposits, totaling $183.3 million, as compared to $156.5 million at December 31, 2016. The increase in 2017 as compared to 2016 principally reflected cash provided by operating activities and cash proceeds from exercise of stock-based awards, offset by the purchase of computers and platform tools, mainly for our research and development activities.

Out of total cash, cash equivalents, bank deposits and marketable securities of $183.3 million at year end 2017, $138.7 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries. Our intent is to permanently reinvest earnings of our foreign subsidiaries and our current operating plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate foreign earnings to fund our U.S. operations. However, if these funds were needed for our operations in the United States, we would be required to accrue and pay taxes to repatriate these funds. The determination of the amount of additional taxes related to the repatriation of these earnings is not practicable, as it may vary based on various factors such as the location of the cash and the effect of regulation in the various jurisdictions from which the cash would be repatriated.

During 2017, we invested $101.9 million of cash in bank deposits and marketable securities with maturities up to 57 months from the balance sheet date. In addition, during the same period, bank deposits and marketable securities were sold or redeemed for cash amounting to $77.3 million. During 2016, we invested $85.0 million of cash in bank deposits and marketable securities with maturities up to 59 months from the balance sheet date. In addition, during the same period, bank deposits and marketable securities were sold or redeemed for cash amounting to $66.4 million. During 2015, we invested $83.1 million of cash in bank deposits and marketable securities with maturities up to 40 months from the balance sheet date. In addition, during the same period, bank deposits and marketable securities were sold or redeemed for cash amounting to $75.6 million. All of our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale. The purchase and sale or redemption of available-for-sale marketable securities are considered part of investing cash flow. Available-for-sale marketable securities are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of taxes. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments, as determined on a specific identification basis, are included in the consolidated statements of operations. We did not recognize any other-than-temporarily-impaired charges on marketable securities in 2017, 2016 and 2015. For more information about our marketable securities, see Notes 1 and 2 to the attached Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Bank deposits are classified as short-term bank deposits and long-term bank deposits. Short-term bank deposits are deposits with maturities of more than three months but no longer than one year from the balance sheet date, whereas long-term bank deposits are deposits with maturities of more than one year as of the balance sheet date. Bank deposits are presented at their cost, including accrued interest, and purchases and sales are considered part of cash flows from investing activities.

 

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Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities in 2017 was $24.5 million and consisted of net income of $17.0 million, adjustments for non-cash items of $13.1 million, and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $5.6 million. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of $3.3 million of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, $8.7 million of equity-based compensation expenses and $1.2 million of amortization of premiums on available-for-sale marketable securities. The decrease in cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of an increase in trade receivables of $1.4 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $2.5 million, an increase in deferred tax, net of $1.4 million, a decrease in deferred revenues of $1.9 million and a decrease in income tax payable of $1.5 million, partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other payables of $1.3 million and an increase in accrued payroll and related benefits of $1.8 million.

Cash provided by operating activities in 2016 was $14.5 million and consisted of net income of $13.1 million, adjustments for non-cash items of $10.0 million, and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $8.6 million. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of $2.6 million of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, $6.2 million of equity-based compensation expenses and $1.1 million of amortization of premiums on available-for-sale marketable securities. The decrease in cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of an increase in trade receivables of $11.0 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.6 million, and an increase in deferred tax, net, of $0.6 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred revenues of $3.5 million and an increase in income tax payable of $0.7 million.

Cash provided by operating activities in 2015 was $19.4 million and consisted of net income of $6.3 million, adjustments for non-cash items of $7.8 million, and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $5.3 million. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of $2.4 million of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, $4.0 million of equity-based compensation expenses, $1.1 million of amortization of premiums on available-for-sale marketable securities and $0.2 million of unrealized foreign exchange loss. The increase in cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of a decrease in trade receivables of $4.3 million, an increase in deferred revenues of $1.1 million and an increase in accrued payroll and related benefits of $1.7 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred tax assets, net, of $1.2 million and an increase in accrued interest on bank deposits of $0.3 million.

Cash flows from operating activities may vary significantly from quarter to quarter depending on the timing of our receipts and payments. Our ongoing cash outflows from operating activities principally relate to payroll-related costs and obligations under our property leases and design tool licenses. Our primary sources of cash inflows are receipts from our accounts receivable, to some extent funding from the IIA and interest earned from our cash, deposits and marketable securities. The timing of receipts of accounts receivable from customers is based upon the completion of agreed milestones or agreed dates as set out in the contracts.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities in 2017 was $28.8 million, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $21.0 million in 2016 and net cash used in investing activities of $9.6 million in 2015. We had a cash outflow of $54.9 million with respect to investments in marketable securities and a cash inflow of $32.8 million with respect to maturity, and sale, of marketable securities during 2017. Included in the cash outflow during 2017 was net investment of $2.6 million in bank deposits. We had a cash outflow of $43.5 million with respect to investments in marketable securities and a cash inflow of $28.8 million with respect to maturity and sale of marketable securities during 2016. Included in the cash outflow during 2016 was net investment of $3.9 million in bank deposits. We had a cash outflow of $29.8 million with respect to investments in marketable securities and a cash inflow of $28.1 million with respect to maturity and sale of marketable securities during 2015. Included in the cash outflow during 2015 was net investment of $5.9 million in bank deposits. Capital equipment purchases

 

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of computer hardware and software used in engineering development, furniture and fixtures amounted to approximately $4.1 million in 2017, $2.4 million in 2016 and $2.2 million in 2015. We had a cash inflow of $0.1 million in 2015 from the sale of our investment in Antcor.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities in 2017 was $7.5 million, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $6.2 million in 2016 and cash used in financing activities of $7.0 million in 2015.

In August 2008, we announced that our board of directors approved a share repurchase program for up to one million shares of common stock which was further extended collectively by an additional five million shares in 2010, 2013 and 2014. In 2017, we did not repurchase shares of our common stock. In 2016, we repurchased 180,013 shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $18.98 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $3.4 million. In 2015, we repurchased 508,931 shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $19.80 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $10.1 million. As of December 31, 2017, 311,056 shares of common stock remained authorized for repurchase pursuant to our share repurchase program.

In 2017, 2016 and 2015, we received $7.5 million, $9.6 million and $6.7 million, respectively, from the exercise of stock-based awards.

In 2015, we paid $3.7 million of the Contingent Consideration in connection with our acquisition of RivieraWaves.

In 2015, we classified $0.1 million of excess tax benefit from equity-based compensation expenses as financing cash flows.

We believe that our cash and cash equivalent, short-term bank deposits and marketable securities, along with cash from operations, will provide sufficient capital to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. We cannot provide assurance, however, that the underlying assumed levels of revenues and expenses will prove to be accurate.

In addition, as part of our business strategy, we occasionally evaluate potential acquisitions of businesses, products and technologies and minority equity investments. Accordingly, a portion of our available cash may be used at any time for the acquisition of complementary products or businesses or minority equity investments. Such potential transactions may require substantial capital resources, which may require us to seek additional debt or equity financing. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully identify suitable acquisition or investment candidates, complete acquisitions or investments, integrate acquired businesses into our current operations, or expand into new markets. Furthermore, we cannot provide assurance that additional financing will be available to us in any required time frame and on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. See “Risk Factors—We may seek to expand our business in ways that could result in diversion of resources and extra expenses.” for more detailed information.

Contractual Obligations

The table below presents the principal categories of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017:

 

    

Payments Due by Period

 
    

($ in thousands)

 
     Total      Less than
1 year
     1-3 years      3-5 years      More than
5 years
 

Operating Lease Obligations—Leasehold properties

     2,074        1,226        808        40        —    

Purchase Obligations—design tools

     4,491        3,168        1,323        —          —    

Other purchase Obligations

     2,237        2,237        —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     8,802        6,631        2,131        40        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Operating leasehold obligations principally relate to our offices in Israel, Ireland, France, China, Japan and the United States. Purchase obligations relate to license agreements entered into for maintenance of design tools. Other purchase obligations consist of capital and operating purchase order commitments. Other than set forth in the table above, we have no long-term debt or capital lease obligations.

At December 31, 2017, our income tax payable, net of withholding tax credits, included $2,224,000 related to uncertain tax positions. Due to uncertainties in the timing of the completion of tax audits, the timing of the resolution of these positions is uncertain and we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments. As a result, this amount is not included in the above table.

In addition, at December 31, 2017, the amount of accrued severance pay was $9,347,000. Severance pay relates to accrued severance obligations to our Israeli employees as required under Israeli labor laws. These obligations are payable only upon termination, retirement or death of the respective employee. Of this amount, $437,000 is unfunded.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as such term is defined in recently enacted rules by the Securities and Exchange Commission, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

A majority of our revenues and a portion of our expenses are transacted in U.S. dollars and our assets and liabilities together with our cash holdings are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars. However, the majority of our expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the NIS and the EURO. Increases in volatility of the exchange rates of currencies other than the U.S. dollar versus the U.S. dollar could have an adverse effect on the expenses and liabilities that we incur when remeasured into U.S. dollars. We review our monthly expected non-U.S. dollar denominated expenditures and look to hold equivalent non-U.S. dollar cash balances to mitigate currency fluctuations. This has resulted in a foreign exchange loss of $0.02 million, $0.19 million and $0.49 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

As a result of currency fluctuations and the remeasurement of non-U.S. dollar denominated expenditures to U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes; we may experience fluctuations in our operating results on an annual and quarterly basis. To protect against the increase in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flow resulting from salaries paid in currencies other than the U.S. dollar during the year, we follow a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. We hedge portions of the anticipated payroll for our non-U.S. employees denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar for a period of one to twelve months with forward and option contracts. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded accumulated other comprehensive loss of $5,000, accumulated other comprehensive loss of $3,000 and accumulated other comprehensive gain of $65,000, respectively, from our forward and option contracts, net of taxes, with respect to anticipated payroll expenses for our non-U.S. employees. As of December 31, 2017, we had no gain from our forward and option contracts. We recognized a net gain of $0.19 million, $0.16 million and $0.10 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to forward and options contracts. We note that hedging transactions may not successfully mitigate losses caused by currency fluctuations. We expect to continue to experience the effect of exchange rate and currency fluctuations on an annual and quarterly basis.

The majority of our cash and cash equivalents are invested in high grade certificates of deposits with major U.S., European and Israeli banks. Generally, cash and cash equivalents and bank deposits may be redeemed and therefore minimal credit risk exists with respect to them. Nonetheless, deposits with these banks exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits or similar limits in foreign jurisdictions, to the extent such deposits are even insured in such foreign jurisdictions. While we monitor on a systematic basis the

 

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cash and cash equivalent balances in the operating accounts and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions with which we deposit our funds fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets. To date, we have experienced no loss of principal or lack of access to our invested cash or cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurance that access to our invested cash and cash equivalents will not be affected if the financial institutions that we hold our cash and cash equivalents fail.

We hold an investment portfolio consisting principally of corporate bonds. We have the ability to hold such investments until recovery of temporary declines in market value or maturity. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2017, we believe the losses associated with our investments are temporary and no impairment loss was recognized in 2017. However, we can provide no assurance that we will recover present declines in the market value of our investments.

Interest income and gains and losses from marketable securities, net, were $3.05 million in 2017, $2.23 million in 2016 and $1.66 million in 2015. The increase in interest income and gains and losses from marketable securities, net, for both 2017 as compared to 2016 and 2016 as compared to 2015 reflected higher combined cash, bank deposits and marketable securities balances held and higher yields.

We are exposed primarily to fluctuations in the level of U.S. interest rates. To the extent that interest rates rise, fixed interest investments may be adversely impacted, whereas a decline in interest rates may decrease the anticipated interest income for variable rate investments. We typically do not attempt to reduce or eliminate our market exposures on our investment securities because the majority of our investments are short-term. We currently do not have any derivative instruments but may put them in place in the future. Fluctuations in interest rates within our investment portfolio have not had, and we do not currently anticipate such fluctuations will have, a material effect on our financial position on an annual or quarterly basis.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See the Index to Financial Statements and Supplementary Data on page F-1.

 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

CEVA, Inc.’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over the company’s financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. CEVA, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance

 

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regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurances with respect to financial statement preparation. Further because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal controls may vary over time such that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of CEVA, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on its assessment using those criteria, management believes that CEVA, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

CEVA, Inc.’s independent registered public accountants audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and have issued a report concurring with management’s assessment of the company’s internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information regarding our directors required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the 2018 Proxy Statement. Information regarding the members of the Audit Committee, our code of business conduct and ethics, the identification of the Audit Committee Financial Expert, stockholder nominations of directors and compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is also incorporated herein by reference to the 2018 Proxy Statement.

The information regarding our executive officers required by this item is contained in Part I of this annual report.

 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the 2018 Proxy Statement.

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCK HOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the 2018 Proxy Statement.

 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the 2018 Proxy Statement.

 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the 2018 Proxy Statement.

 

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PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) The following documents are filed as part of or are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

1. Financial Statements:

 

    Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

 

    Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

 

    Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

 

    Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

 

    Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

 

    Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Financial Statement Schedules:

 

    Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.

Other financial statement schedules have been omitted since they are either not required or the information is otherwise included.

3. Exhibits:

The exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed on the exhibit index immediately preceding such exhibits, which exhibit index is incorporated herein by reference. Some of these documents have previously been filed as exhibits with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are being incorporated herein by reference to such earlier filings. CEVA’s file number under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is 000-49842.

 

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CEVA, INC.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

     Page  

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-2  

Consolidated Balance Sheets

     F-5  

Consolidated Statements of Income

     F-6  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

     F-7  

Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

     F-8  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

     F-9  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-11  

 

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CEVA, INC.

 

LOGO

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of CEVA Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CEVA Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER

A Member of Ernst & Young Global

Tel Aviv, Israel

March 1, 2018

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1999.

 

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LOGO    CEVA, INC.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of CEVA, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited CEVA, Inc.’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 and the related notes, and our report dated March 1, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures, as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance

 

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with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER

A Member of Ernst & Young Global

Tel Aviv, Israel

March 1, 2018

 

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CEVA, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

     December 31,  
     2016     2017  

ASSETS

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 18,401     $ 21,739  

Short-term bank deposits

     46,247       34,432  

Marketable securities (Note 2)

     61,868       82,664  

Trade receivables

     15,044       16,494  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     3,152       3,747  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     144,712       159,076  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term assets:

    

Bank deposits

     29,977       44,518  

Severance pay fund

     7,941       8,910  

Deferred tax assets (Note 12)

     2,252       3,643  

Property and equipment, net (Note 4)

     4,805       6,926  

Goodwill

     46,612       46,612  

Intangible assets, net (Note 5)

     2,978       1,742  

Investments in other company

     1,806       1,806  

Other long-term assets

     1,412       3,579  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total long-term assets

     97,783       117,736  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 242,495     $ 276,812  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

Current liabilities:

    

Trade payables

   $ 571     $ 392  

Deferred revenues

     6,258       4,399  

Accrued expenses and other payables (Note 6)

     4,015       3,927  

Accrued payroll and related benefits

     11,751       14,077  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     22,595       22,795  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term liabilities:

    

Accrued severance pay

     8,349       9,347  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total long-term liabilities

     8,349       9,347  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity (Note 7):

    

Preferred stock:

    

$0.001 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding

     —         —    

Common stock:

    

$0.001 par value: 60,000,000 shares authorized; 23,595,160 shares issued at December 31, 2016 and 2017; 21,273,500 and 22,064,007 shares outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively

     21       22  

Additional paid in-capital

     212,103       217,417  

Treasury stock at cost (2,321,660 and 1,531,153 shares of common stock at December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)

     (39,507     (26,056

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 9)

     (497     (586

Retained earnings

     39,431       53,873  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     211,551       244,670  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 242,495     $ 276,812  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CEVA, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Revenues:

        

Licensing and related revenue

   $ 32,135      $ 31,874      $ 42,899  

Royalties

     27,364        40,779        44,608  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     59,499        72,653        87,507  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cost of revenues

     5,424        6,086        6,953  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

     54,075        66,567        80,554  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

        

Research and development, net

     28,113        30,838        40,385  

Sales and marketing

     10,168        11,540        12,572  

General and administrative

     8,184        8,567        10,488  

Amortization of intangible assets (Note 5)

     1,298        1,236        1,236  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     47,763        52,181        64,681  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     6,312        14,386        15,873  

Financial income, net (Note 11)

     1,069        2,039        3,026  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before taxes on income

     7,381        16,425        18,899  

Income taxes (Note 12)

     1,114        3,325        1,871  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 6,267      $ 13,100      $ 17,028  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic net income per share

   $ 0.31      $ 0.63      $ 0.78  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted net income per share

   $ 0.30      $ 0.61      $ 0.75  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted average shares used to compute net income per share (in thousands):

        

Basic

     20,480        20,850        21,771  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

     20,989        21,565        22,561  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CEVA, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2015     2016     2017  

Net income:

   $ 6,267     $ 13,100     $ 17,028  

Other comprehensive loss before tax:

      

Available-for-sale securities:

      

Changes in unrealized losses

     (151     (95     (99

Reclassification adjustments for losses included in net income

     78       9       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change

     (73     (86     (99
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flow hedges:

      

Changes in unrealized gains

     177       158       183  

Reclassification adjustments for gains included in net income

     (104     (161     (189
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change

     73       (3     (6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive loss before tax

     —         (89     (105

Income tax benefit related to components of other comprehensive loss

     (17     (11     (16
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes

     17       (78     (89
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

   $ 6,284     $ 13,022     $ 16,939  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CEVA, INC.

 

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

    Common Stock     Additional
paid-in
capital
          Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
    Retained
earnings
    Total
stockholders’
equity
 
  Number of
shares
outstanding
    Amount       Treasury
stock
       

Balance as of January 1, 2015

    20,252,490     $ 20     $ 209,426     $ (54,708   $ (436   $ 24,747     $ 179,049  

Net income

    —         —         —         —         —         6,267       6,267  

Other comprehensive income

    —         —         —         —         17       —         17  

Equity-based compensation

    —         —         4,015       —         —         —         4,015  

Tax benefit related to exercise of stock-based awards

    —         —         112       —         —         —         112  

Purchase of Treasury stock

    (508,931     —         —         (10,078     —         —         (10,078

Issuance of Treasury stock upon exercise of stock-based awards

    786,374       1       (4,809     12,988       —         (1,467     6,713  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2015

    20,529,933     $ 21     $ 208,744     $ (51,798   $ (419   $ 29,547     $ 186,095  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

    —         —         —         —         —         13,100       13,100  

Other comprehensive loss

    —         —         —         —         (78     —         (78

Equity-based compensation

    —         —         6,236       —         —         —         6,236  

Purchase of Treasury stock

    (180,013     (1     —         (3,416     —         —         (3,417

Issuance of Treasury stock upon exercise of stock-based awards

    923,580       1       (2,877     15,707       —         (3,216     9,615  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2016

    21,273,500     $ 21     $ 212,103     $ (39,507   $ (497   $ 39,431     $ 211,551  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

    —         —         —         —         —         17,028       17,028  

Other comprehensive loss

    —         —         —         —         (89     —         (89

Equity-based compensation

    —         —         8,693       —         —         —         8,693  

Issuance of treasury stock upon exercise of stock-based awards

    790,507       1       (3,379     13,451       —         (2,586     7,487  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

    22,064,007     $ 22     $ 217,417     $ (26,056   $ (586 )(*)    $ 53,873     $ 244,670  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) Accumulated other comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 is all from available-for-sale securities, net of taxes of $92.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015     2016     2017  

Cash flows from operating activities :

      

Net income

   $ 6,267     $ 13,100     $ 17,028  

Adjustments required to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Depreciation

     1,058       1,399       2,014  

Amortization of intangible assets

     1,298       1,236       1,236  

Equity-based compensation

     4,015       6,236       8,693  

Realized loss, net on sale of available-for-sale marketable securities

     78       9       —    

Amortization of premiums on available-for-sale marketable securities

     1,111       1,064       1,179  

Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss, net

     237       75       (42

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Trade receivables

     4,279       (10,966     (1,446

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     (136     (622     (2,478

Accrued interest on bank deposits

     (318     (195     151  

Deferred tax, net

     (1,213     (613     (1,375

Trade payables

     (161     (190     (184

Deferred revenues

     1,082       3,495       (1,859

Accrued expenses and other payables

     (158     (277     1,259  

Accretion of contingent consideration

     97       —         —    

Accrued payroll and related benefits

     1,679       (94     1,807  

Income taxes payable

     93       668       (1,493

Excess tax benefit from equity-based compensation

     (112     —         —    

Accrued severance pay, net

     184       134       (21
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     19,380       14,459       24,469  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities :

      

Purchase of property and equipment

     (2,184     (2,387     (4,135

Investment in bank deposits

     (53,328     (41,476     (47,027

Proceeds from bank deposits

     47,451       37,594       44,450  

Investment in available-for-sale marketable securities

     (29,800     (43,537     (54,882

Proceeds from maturity of available-for-sale marketable securities

     4,392       8,022       9,296  

Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale marketable securities

     23,713       20,754       23,512  

Proceeds from realization of investment in other company

     111       —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (9,645     (21,030     (28,786
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities :

      

Payment of contingent consideration

     (3,700     —         —    

Purchase of Treasury Stock

     (10,078     (3,417     —    

Proceeds from exercise of stock-based awards

     6,713       9,615       7,487  

Excess tax benefit from equity-based compensation

     112       —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (6,953     6,198       7,487  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     (39     (135     168  

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     2,743       (508     3,338  

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

     16,166       18,909       18,401  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

   $ 18,909     $ 18,401     $ 21,739  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS—(Continued)

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Supplemental information of cash-flows activities:

        

Cash paid during the year for:

        

Income and withholding taxes

   $ 2,185      $ 3,287      $ 5,203  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Property and equipment purchases incurred but unpaid at period end

   $ —        $ 86      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

( in thousands, except share data )

NOTE 1: ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization:

CEVA, Inc. (“CEVA” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on November 22, 1999. The Company was formed through the combination of Parthus Technologies plc (“Parthus”) and the digital signal processor (DSP) cores licensing business and operations of DSP Group, Inc. in November 2002. The Company had no business or operations prior to the combination.

CEVA licenses a family of signal processing platforms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) processors. These IPs include programmable DSP cores and application-specific platforms for advanced imaging, computer vision, deep learning, sound, voice and audio processing, as well as long range wireless technologies for LTE/5G baseband processing in IoT, handsets and infrastructure, short range wireless platforms for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and a new family of self-contained AI processor.

CEVA’s technologies are licensed to leading semiconductor and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) companies in the form of intellectual property (IP). These companies design, manufacture, market and sell application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”) and application-specific standard products (“ASSPs”) based on CEVA’s technology to wireless, consumer electronics and automotive companies for incorporation into a wide variety of end products.

Basis of presentation:

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to U.S Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

Use of estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company’s management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Financial statements in U.S. dollars:

A majority of the revenues of the Company and its subsidiaries is generated in U.S. dollars (“dollars”). In addition, a portion of the Company and its subsidiaries’ costs are incurred in dollars. The Company’s management has determined that the dollar is the primary currency of the economic environment in which the Company and its subsidiaries principally operate. Thus, the functional and reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the dollar.

Accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than the dollar are remeasured into dollars in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” All transaction gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items are reflected in the consolidated statements of income as financial income or expenses, as appropriate, which is included in “financial income, net.” The foreign exchange losses arose principally on the EURO and the NIS monetary balance sheet items as a result of the currency fluctuations of the EURO and the NIS against the dollar.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Cash equivalents:

Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less from the date acquired.

Short-term bank deposits:

Short-term bank deposits are deposits with maturities of more than three months but less than one year from the balance sheet date. The deposits are presented at their cost, including accrued interest. The deposits bear interest annually at an average rate of 1.51%, 1.76% and 1.85% during 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Marketable securities:

Marketable securities consist mainly of corporate bonds. The Company determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. In accordance with FASB ASC No. 320 “Investments—Debt and Equity Securities,” the Company classifies marketable securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of taxes. Realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities, as determined on a specific identification basis, are included in financial income, net. The amortized cost of marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount to maturity, both of which, together with interest, are included in financial income, net. The Company has classified all marketable securities as short-term, even though the stated maturity date may be one year or more beyond the current balance sheet date, because it is probable that the Company will sell these securities prior to maturity to meet liquidity needs or as part of risk versus reward objectives.

The Company recognizes an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of its investments in debt securities below the cost basis of such securities is judged to be other-than-temporary. Factors considered in making such a determination include the duration and severity of the impairment, the reason for the decline in value and the potential recovery period. For securities that are deemed other-than-temporarily impaired (“OTTI”), the amount of impairment is recognized in the statement of income and is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). The Company did not recognize OTTI on its marketable securities in 2015, 2016 and 2017.

Long-term bank deposits:

Long-term bank deposits are deposits with maturities of more than one year as of the balance sheet date. The deposits presented at their cost, including accrued interest. The deposits bear interest annually at an average rate of 1.82%, 1.97% and 2.26% during 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

 

F-12


Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

Property and equipment, net:

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, at the following annual rates:

 

       %  

Computers, software and equipment

   10-33

Office furniture and equipment

   7-33

Leasehold improvements

   10-25
   (the shorter of the expected
lease term or useful
economic life)

The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with FASB ASC No. 360-10-35, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the carrying amount of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of its carrying amount to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by such asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its fair value. In determining the fair value of long-lived assets for purposes of measuring impairment, the Company’s assumptions include those that market participants would consider in valuations of similar assets.

An asset to be disposed is reported at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less selling costs. No impairment was recorded in 2015, 2016 and 2017.

Goodwill:

Goodwill is carried at cost and is not amortized but rather is tested for impairment at least annually or between annual tests in certain circumstances. The Company conducts its annual test of impairment for goodwill on October 1st of each year.

The Company operates in one operating segment and this segment comprises the only reporting unit.

There is a two-phase process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first phase screens for potential impairment, while the second phase (if necessary) measures impairment. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. In such case, the second phase is then performed, and the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the implied fair value of that goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. For each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, no impairment of goodwill has been identified.

Intangible assets, net:

Acquired intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company amortizes intangible assets on a straight-line basis with definite lives over periods ranging from one and a half to five and a half years.

Intangible assets with definite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is

 

F-13


Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

measured by comparison of their carrying amounts to future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds its fair market value. The Company did not record any impairments during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017.

Investments in other company:

The Company’s investment in a private company, in which it holds minority equity interests, is presented at cost because the Company does not have significant influence over the underlying investee. The investment is reviewed periodically to determine if its value has been impaired and adjustments are recorded as necessary. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, no impairment loss was identified.

Revenue recognition:

The Company generates its revenues from (1) licensing intellectual property, which in certain circumstances is modified for customer-specific requirements, (2) royalty revenues, and (3) other revenues, which include revenues from support, training and sale of development systems.

The Company accounts for its IP license revenues and related services in accordance with FASB ASC No. 985-605, “Software Revenue Recognition.” Revenues are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and no further obligation exists, delivery has occurred, the license fee is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. A license may be perpetual or time limited in its application. Revenue earned on licensing arrangements involving multiple elements are allocated to each element based on the “residual method” when vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for all undelivered elements and VSOE does not exist for one of the delivered elements. VSOE of fair value of the undelivered elements is determined based on the substantive renewal rate as stated in the agreement.

Extended payment terms in a licensing arrangement may indicate that the license fees are not deemed to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer unless collection is not considered reasonably assured, then revenue is recognized as payments are collected from the customer, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Revenues from license fees that involve significant customization of the Company’s IP to customer-specific specifications are recognized in accordance with the principles set out in FASB ASC No. 605-35-25, “Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts Recognition,” using contract accounting on a percentage of completion method. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the total license fees under the agreement and the percentage of completion achieved. The percentage of completion is measured by the actual time incurred to date on the project compared to the total estimated project requirements, which corresponds to the costs related to earned revenues. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made during the period in which such losses are first determined, in the amount of the estimated loss on the entire contract.

Revenues that are derived from the sale of a licensee’s products that incorporate the Company’s IP are classified as royalty revenues. Royalty revenues are recognized during the quarter in which the Company receives a report from the licensee detailing the shipment of products that incorporate the Company’s IP, which receipt is in the quarter following the licensee’s sale of such products to its customers. Royalties are calculated either as a percentage of the revenues received by the Company’s licensees on sales of products incorporating the Company’s IP or on a per unit basis, as specified in the agreements with the licensees.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

In addition to license fees, contracts with customers generally contain an agreement to provide for post contract support and training, which consists of telephone or e-mail support, correction of errors (bug fixing) and unspecified updates and upgrades. Fees for post contract support, which takes place after delivery to the customer, are specified in the contract and are generally mandatory for the first year. After the mandatory period, the customer may extend the support agreement on similar terms on an annual basis. The Company recognizes revenue for post contract support on a straight-line basis over the period for which technical support is contractually agreed to be provided to the licensee, typically 12 months. Revenues from training are recognized as the training is performed.

Revenues from the sale of development systems are recognized when title to the product passes to the customer and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

The Company usually does not provide rights of return. When rights of return are included in the license agreements, revenue is deferred until rights of return expire.

Deferred revenues include unearned amounts received under license agreements, unearned technical support and amounts paid by customers not yet recognized as revenues.

Cost of revenue:

Cost of revenue includes the costs of products, services and royalty expense payments to the Israeli Innovation Authority of the Ministry of Economy and Industry in Israel (the “IIA“) (refer to Note 13c for further details). Cost of product revenue includes materials, subcontractors and the portion of development costs associated with product development arrangements. Cost of service revenue includes salary and related costs for personnel engaged in services, training and customer support, and travel, office expenses and other support costs.

Income taxes:

The Company recognizes income taxes under the liability method. It recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. These differences are measured using the enacted statutory tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred income taxes is recognized in the statements of income during the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the deferred tax assets to the net amount that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized. The Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740. ASC 740-10 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative probability) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits under taxes on income.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

Research and development:

Research and development costs are charged to the consolidated statements of income as incurred.

Government grants and tax credits:

Government grants received by the Company relating to categories of operating expenditures are credited to the consolidated statements of income during the period in which the expenditure to which they relate is charged. Royalty and non-royalty-bearing grants from the IIA for funding certain approved research and development projects are recognized at the time when the Company is entitled to such grants, on the basis of the related costs incurred, and included as a deduction from research and development expenses.

The Company recorded grants in the amounts of $4,997, $6,410 and $4,417 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s Israeli subsidiary is obligated to pay royalties amounting to 3%-3.5% of the sales of certain products the development of which received grants from the IIA in previous years. The obligation to pay these royalties is contingent on actual sales of the products. Grants received from the IIA may become repayable if certain criteria under the grants are not met.

The French Research Tax Credit, Crédit d’Impôt Recherche (“CIR”), is a French tax incentive to stimulate research and development (“R&D”) which is relevant for the Company’s French subsidiaries (RivieraWaves and CEVA France). Generally, the CIR offsets the income tax to be paid and the remaining portion (if any) can be refunded. The CIR is calculated based on the claimed volume of eligible R&D expenditures by the Company. As a result, the CIR is presented as a deduction to “Research and development expenses” in the consolidated statements of income. During the year ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, the Company recorded CIR benefits in the amount of $1,414, $1,485 and $1,555, respectively.

Employee benefit plan:

Certain of the Company’s employees are eligible to participate in a defined contribution pension plan (the “Plan”). Participants in the Plan may elect to defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings into the Plan, which is run by an independent party. The Company makes pension contributions at rates varying up to 10% of the participant’s pensionable salary. Contributions to the Plan are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statements of income.

The Company’s U.S. operations maintain a retirement plan (the “U.S. Plan”) that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participants in the U.S. Plan may elect to defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings, up to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit. The Company matches 100% of each participant’s contributions up to a maximum of 6% of the participant’s base pay. Each participant may contribute up to 15% of base remuneration. Contributions to the U.S. Plan are recorded during the year contributed as an expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Total contributions for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were $733, $1,020 and $988, respectively.

Accrued severance pay:

The liability of CEVA’s Israeli subsidiary for severance pay for employees hired prior to August 1, 2016 is calculated pursuant to Israeli severance pay law based on the most recent salary of each employee multiplied by

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

the number of years of employment for that employee as of the balance sheet date. The Israeli subsidiary’s liability is fully provided for by monthly deposits with severance pay funds, insurance policies and an accrual. The deposited funds include profits and losses accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israeli severance pay law or labor agreements. The value of these policies is recorded as an asset on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Effective August 1, 2016, the Israeli subsidiary’s agreements with new employees in Israel are under Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963. The Israeli subsidiary’s contributions for severance pay have extinguished its severance obligation. Upon contribution of the full amount based on the employee’s monthly salary for each year of service, no additional obligation exists regarding the matter of severance pay, and no additional payments is made by the Israeli subsidiary to the employee. Furthermore, the related obligation and amounts deposited on behalf of the employee for such obligation are not stated on the balance sheet, as the Israeli subsidiary is legally released from any obligation to employees once the required deposit amounts have been paid.

Severance pay expenses, net of related income, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, were $1,285, $1,348 and $1,413, respectively.

Equity-based compensation:

The Company accounts for equity-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC No. 718, “Stock Compensation” which requires the recognition of compensation expenses based on estimated fair values for all equity-based awards made to employees and non-employee directors.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transaction, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. For public companies, ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 during the first quarter of 2017, at which time it changed its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. There was no material impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s financial statements. In addition, historically, excess tax benefits or deficiencies from the Company’s equity awards were recorded as additional paid-in capital in its consolidated balance sheets and were classified as a financing activity in its consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result of adoption, the Company prospectively records any excess tax benefits or deficiencies from its equity awards as part of its provision for income taxes in its consolidated statements of operations during the reporting periods during which equity vesting occurs. Excess tax benefits for share-based payments are presented as an operating activity in the statements of cash flows rather than financing activity. The Company elected to apply the cash flow classification requirements related to excess tax benefits prospectively in accordance with ASU 2016-09 and prior periods have not been adjusted.

The Company estimates the fair value of options and stock appreciation right (“SAR”) awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of an award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its options and SARs, which have graded vesting based on the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each of the awards. Prior to January 1, 2017, the Company recognized compensation expenses for the value of its options and SARs, net of

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

estimated forfeitures. Estimated forfeitures were based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures and the rate was adjusted to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any.

The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards, based on the straight-line method over the requisite service period of each of the awards. The fair value of each RSU is the market value as determined by the closing price of the common stock on the day of grant.

The Company uses the Monte-Carlo simulation model for options and SARs granted. The Monte-Carlo simulation model uses the assumptions noted below. Expected volatility was calculated based upon actual historical stock price movements over the most recent periods ending on the grant date, equal to the expected option and SAR term. The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay dividends. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The Monte-Carlo model also considers the suboptimal exercise multiple which is based on the average exercise behavior of the Company’s employees over the past years, the contractual term of the options and SARs, and the probability of termination or retirement of the holder of the options and SARs in computing the value of the options and SARs.

The fair value for the Company’s stock options and SARs (other than share issuances in connection with the employee stock purchase plan, as detailed below) granted to employees and non-employees directors was estimated using the following assumptions (neither options nor SARs were granted during 2017):

 

     2015    2016 (*

Expected dividend yield

   0%    0%

Expected volatility

   33%-49%    38%-49%

Risk-free interest rate

   0.2%-2.4%    0.5%-2.4%

Expected forfeiture (employees)

   10%   

Expected forfeiture (executives)

   5%    5%

Contractual term of up to

   10 years    10 years

Suboptimal exercise multiple (employees)

   2.1   

Suboptimal exercise multiple (executives)

   2.4    2.4

 

(* During 2016, the Company granted stock options only to its non-employee directors.

The fair value for rights to purchase shares of common stock under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions:

 

     2015    2016    2017

Expected dividend yield

   0%    0%    0%

Expected volatility

   35%-36%    29%-57%    28%-46%

Risk-free interest rate

   0.1%-0.3%    0.3%-0.5%    0.5%-1.1%

Expected forfeiture

   0%    0%    0%

Contractual term of up to

   24 months    24 months    24 months

 

F-18


Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, the Company recognized equity-based compensation expense related to stock options, SARs, RSUs and employee stock purchase plan as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Cost of revenue

   $ 155      $ 246      $ 459  

Research and development, net

     1,838        2,860        3,839  

Sales and marketing

     568        922        1,428  

General and administrative

     1,454        2,208        2,967  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total equity-based compensation expense

   $ 4,015      $ 6,236      $ 8,693  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2017, there was $620 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, SARs and employee stock purchase plan . This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years. As of December 31, 2017, there was $10,894 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.

Fair value of financial instruments:

The carrying amount of cash, cash equivalents, short term bank deposits, trade receivables, other accounts receivable, trade payables and other accounts payable approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Marketable securities and derivative instruments are carried at fair value. See Note 3 for more information.

Comprehensive income (loss):

The Company accounts for comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with FASB ASC No. 220, “Comprehensive Income.” This statement establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income (loss) and its components in a full set of general purpose financial statements. Comprehensive income (loss) generally represents all changes in stockholders’ equity during the period except those resulting from investments by, or distributions to, stockholders. The Company determined that its items of other comprehensive income (loss) relate to unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, on hedging derivative instruments and marketable securities.

Concentration of credit risk:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, bank deposits, marketable securities, foreign exchange contracts and trade receivables. The Company invests its surplus cash in cash deposits and marketable securities in financial institutions and has established guidelines relating to diversification and maturities to maintain safety and liquidity of the investments.

The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are invested in high grade certificates of deposits with major U.S., European and Israeli banks. Generally, cash and cash equivalents and bank deposits may be redeemed on demand and therefore minimal credit risk exists with respect to them. Nonetheless, deposits with these banks exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits or similar limits in foreign jurisdictions, to the extent such deposits are even insured in such foreign jurisdictions. While the Company monitors on a systematic basis the cash and cash equivalent balances in the operating accounts and

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions with which the Company deposit its funds fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets. To date the Company has experienced no loss of principal or lack of access to its invested cash or cash equivalents; however, the Company can provide no assurance that access to its invested cash and cash equivalents will not be affected if the financial institutions in which the Company holds its cash and cash equivalents fail. Furthermore, the Company holds an investment portfolio consisting principally of corporate bonds. The Company has the ability to hold such investments until recovery of temporary declines in market value or maturity; accordingly, as of December 31, 2017, the Company believes the losses associated with its investments are temporary and no impairment loss was recognized during 2017. However, the Company can provide no assurance that it will recover declines in the market value of its investments.

The Company is exposed primarily to fluctuations in the level of U.S. interest rates. To the extent that interest rates rise, fixed interest investments may be adversely impacted, whereas a decline in interest rates may decrease the anticipated interest income for variable rate investments.

The Company is exposed to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. The Company typically does not attempt to reduce or eliminate its market exposures on its investment securities because the majority of its investments are short-term.

The Company’s trade receivables are geographically diverse, mainly in the Asia Pacific, and also in the United States and Europe. Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited by credit limits, ongoing credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and to date has not experienced any material losses. The Company makes judgments on its ability to collect outstanding receivables and provides allowances for the portion of receivables for which collection becomes doubtful. Provisions are made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding receivables. In determining the provision, the Company considers the expected collectability of receivables.

The Company has no off-balance-sheet concentration of credit risk.

Derivative and hedging activities:

The Company follows the requirements of FASB ASC No. 815,” Derivatives and Hedging” which requires companies to recognize all of their derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging transaction and further, on the type of hedging transaction. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. Due to the Company’s global operations, it is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course of its business. The Company’s treasury policy allows it to offset the risks associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures through the purchase of foreign exchange forward or option contracts (“Hedging Contracts”). The policy, however, prohibits the Company from speculating on such Hedging Contracts for profit. To protect against the increase in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flow resulting from salaries paid in currencies other than the U.S. dollar during the year, the Company instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. The Company hedges portions of the anticipated payroll of its non-U.S. employees denominated in the currencies other than the U.S. dollar for a period of one to twelve months with Hedging Contracts. Accordingly, when the dollar strengthens against the foreign currencies, the decline in present value of future foreign currency expenses is offset by losses in the fair value of the Hedging Contracts. Conversely, when the dollar weakens, the increase

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

in the present value of future foreign currency expenses is offset by gains in the fair value of the Hedging Contracts. These Hedging Contracts are designated as cash flow hedges.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any gain or loss on a derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item is recognized in current earnings during the period of change. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the notional principal amount of the Hedging Contracts to sell U.S. dollars held by the Company was $3,300 and $0, respectively.

Advertising expenses:

Advertising expenses are charged to consolidated statements of income as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were $928, $1,033 and $1,118, respectively.

Treasury stock:

The Company repurchases its common stock from time to time pursuant to a board-authorized share repurchase program through open market purchases and repurchase plans.

The repurchases of common stock are accounted for as treasury stock, and result in a reduction of stockholders’ equity. When treasury shares are reissued, the Company accounts for the reissuance in accordance with FASB ASC No. 505-30, “Treasury Stock” and charges the excess of the repurchase cost over issuance price using the weighted average method to retained earnings . The purchase cost is calculated based on the specific identified method. In the case where the repurchase cost over issuance price using the weighted average method is lower than the issuance price, the Company credits the difference to additional paid-in capital.

Net income (loss) per share of common stock:

Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each year. Diluted net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each year, plus dilutive potential shares of common stock considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with FASB ASC No. 260, “Earnings Per Share.”

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Numerator:

        

Net income

   $ 6,267      $ 13,100      $ 17,028  

Denominator (in thousands):

        

Basic weighted-average common stock outstanding

     20,480        20,850        21,771  

Effect of stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock units

     509        715        790  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted weighted-average common stock outstanding

     20,989        21,565        22,561  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic net income per share

   $ 0.31      $ 0.63      $ 0.78  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted net income per share

   $ 0.30      $ 0.61      $ 0.75  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

The weighted-average number of shares related to outstanding options, SARs and RSUs excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share, since their effect was anti-dilutive, were 820,631, 282,696 and 29,892 shares for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement:

(a) Revenue recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued new guidance related to revenue recognition, which outlines a comprehensive revenue recognition model and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance requires a company to recognize revenue as control of goods or services transfers to a customer at an amount that reflects the expected consideration to be received in exchange for those goods or services. It defines a five-step approach for recognizing revenue, which may require a company to use more judgment and make more estimates than under the current guidance. The Company adopted the new guidance during the first quarter of 2018 and applies the standard using modified retrospective approach, with the cumulative effect of applying the new guidance recognized as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance. Given the scope of work required to implement the new revenue recognition rules and disclosure requirements under the new guidance, the Company has made progress in the identification of changes to policy, processes and controls, and the Company continues to assess data availability and presentation necessary to meet the additional disclosure requirements of the guidance in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the adoption period and onwards.

The Company finished analyzing the potential impact of the new guidance. The Company currently expects the adoption of this new guidance to most significantly impact its royalty business. Specifically, the Company expects a change in the timing of revenues recognized from sales-based royalties. The Company currently recognizes sales-based royalties as revenues during the quarter during which such royalties are reported by licensees, which is after the conclusion of the quarter in which the licensees’ sales occur and when all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Under the new guidance, the Company will be required to estimate and recognize sales-based royalties during the period during which the associated sales occur, resulting in an acceleration of revenue recognition compared to the current method. In addition, the Company expects an increase in trade receivables, due to royalty revenues now being recorded as accrued revenues in the statement of financial position, along with the Company’s current trade receivables.

Furthermore, based on its current analysis, another effect on the Company’s revenue recognition relates to certain deliverables that may be considered as distinct performance obligations separate from other performance obligations, and are measured using the relative standalone selling price basis.

Under the new standard, an entity recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring IP license or services to the customer, either at a point in time or over time. The Company expects to continue to recognize most of its revenues at a point in time upon delivery of its products. The Company expects to recognize revenue over time on significant license customization contracts that are covered by contract accounting standards using cost inputs to measure progress toward completion of its performance obligations, which is similar to the current method.

In addition, incremental costs that are related to sales from contracts signed during the period will require capitalization. If the amortization period of those costs are one year or less, the costs are expensed as incurred, which is a practical expedient manner permitted under the new guidance. The Company currently does not expect that this change will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

The Company currently estimates the cumulative adjustment to increase the Company’s retained earnings by $8,055, while increasing the Company’s assets by $9,117. The most significant impact of the standard on the Company’s financial statements relates to the timing of revenues recognized from sales-based royalties (amounted to $8,765). The Company will also record a provision for income taxes, which will increase the Company’s current liabilities, in an amount currently estimated at $1,062.

Other than specified above, the Company does not otherwise expect the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on its businesses.

(b) Other accounting standards

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which requires that equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) are to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company adopted this ASU during the first quarter of 2018, and it does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which will replace the existing guidance in ASC 840, “Leases.” The updated standard aims to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods; early adoption is permitted and modified retrospective application is required. The Company is in the process of evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

The FASB issued ASU 2016-13 “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” requiring an allowance to be recorded for all expected credit losses for financial assets. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The new standard also makes revisions to the other than temporary impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities. Disclosures of credit quality indicators in relation to the amortized cost of financing receivables are further disaggregated by year of origination. The new accounting guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The amendments will be applied through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is analyzing the impact of this new standard and, at this time, cannot estimate the impact of adoption on its net income. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The amendments in this update provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. Because the current definition of a business is interpreted broadly and can be difficult to apply, analyzing transactions is inefficient and costly and that the definition does not permit the use of reasonable judgment. The amendments provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reduce the costs of application, and make the definition of a business more operable. The amendments in this update become effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements, but the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles: Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, the amendments eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, the income tax effects of tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the qualitative impairment test is necessary. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle should be disclosed upon transition. The amendments in this update should be adopted for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements, but the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 2: MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities at December 31, 2016 and 2017:

 

     As at December 31, 2017  
     Amortized
cost
     Gross
unrealized
gains
     Gross
unrealized
losses
     Fair
value
 

Available-for-sale—matures within one year:

           

Corporate bonds

   $ 11,803      $ 3      $ (12    $ 11,794  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     11,803        3        (12      11,794  

Available-for-sale—matures after one year through five years:

           

Certificate of deposits

     747        —          —          747  

Government bonds

     501        —          (6      495  

Corporate bonds

     70,291        14        (677      69,628  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     71,539        14        (683      70,870  

Total

   $ 83,342      $ 17      $ (695    $ 82,664  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

     As at December 31, 2016  
     Amortized
cost
     Gross
unrealized
gains
     Gross
unrealized
losses
     Fair
value
 

Available-for-sale—matures within one year:

           

Corporate bonds

   $ 9,456      $ 4      $ (15    $ 9,445  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     9,456        4        (15      9,445  

Available-for-sale—matures after one year through five years:

           

Government bonds

     501        —          (4      497  

Corporate bonds

     52,490        3        (567      51,926  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     52,991        3        (571      52,423  

Total

   $ 62,447      $ 7      $ (586    $ 61,868  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, and the length of time that those investments have been in a continuous loss position:

 

     Less than 12 months      12 months or greater  
     Fair
Value
     Gross
unrealized
loss
     Fair
Value
     Gross
unrealized
loss
 

As of December 31, 2017

   $ 49,921      $ (411    $ 22,960      $ (284

As of December 31, 2016

   $ 48,663      $ (557    $ 4,875      $ (29

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, management believes the impairments are not other than temporary and therefore the impairment losses were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

The following table presents gross realized gains and losses from sale of available-for-sale marketable securities:

 

     Year ended
December 31,
 
     2015      2016      2017  

Gross realized gains from sale of available-for-sale marketable securities

   $ 4      $ 24      $ 47  

Gross realized losses from sale of available-for-sale marketable securities

   $ (82    $ (33    $ (47

NOTE 3: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

FASB ASC No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid for the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

 

Level I

   Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible on the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

Level II

   Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

Level III

   Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

The Company measures its marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value. Marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level II as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments.

The table below sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

 

Description

   December 31,
2017
     Level I      Level II      Level III  

Assets:

           

Marketable securities:

           

Certificate of deposits

   $ 747        —        $ 747        —    

Government bonds

     495        —          495        —    

Corporate bonds

     81,422        —          81,422        —    

 

Description

   December 31,
2016
     Level I      Level II      Level III  

Assets:

           

Marketable securities:

           

Government bonds

   $ 497        —        $ 497        —    

Corporate bonds

     61,371        —          61,371        —    

Foreign exchange contracts

     6        —          6        —    

NOTE 4: PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Composition of assets, grouped by major classifications, is as follows:

 

     As at December 31,  
     2016      2017  

Cost:

     

Computers, software and equipment

   $ 10,031      $ 13,570  

Office furniture and equipment

     766        797  

Leasehold improvements

     2,204        2,756  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     13,001        17,123  

Less–Accumulated depreciation

     (8,196      (10,197
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

   $ 4,805      $ 6,926  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company recorded depreciation expenses in the amount of $1,399 and $2,014 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

 

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CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 5: INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

 

            Year ended December 31, 2016      Year ended December 31, 2017  
     Weighted
Average
Amortization
Period
(Years)
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
     Accumulated
Amortization
     Net      Gross
Carrying
Amount
     Accumulated
Amortization
     Net  

Intangible assets–amortizable:

                    

Customer relationships

     4.5      $ 272      $ 151      $ 121      $ 272      $ 211      $ 61  

Customer backlog

     1.5        93        93        —          93        93        —    

Core technologies

     5.1        5,796        2,939        2,857        5,796        4,115        1,681  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total intangible assets

      $ 6,161      $ 3,183      $ 2,978      $ 6,161      $ 4,419      $ 1,742  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Future estimated annual amortization charges are as follows:

 

2018

     901  

2019

     841  
  

 

 

 
   $ 1,742  
  

 

 

 

NOTE 6: ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER PAYABLES

 

     As at December 31,  
     2016      2017  

Engineering accruals

   $ 466      $ 977  

Professional fees

     583        792  

Government grants

     263        791  

Income taxes payable, net

     1,489        45  

Facility related accruals

     140        290  

Other

     1,074        1,032  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 4,015      $ 3,927  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

NOTE 7: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

a. Common stock:

Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the Company’s stockholders. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all of the Company’s assets. The Board of Directors may declare a dividend out of funds legally available therefore and the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably any such dividends. Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights or other subscription rights to convert their shares into any other securities.

b. Preferred stock:

The Company is authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. Such preferred stock may be issued by the Board of Directors from time to time in one or more

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

series. These series may have designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, exchange rights, voting rights, redemption rights (including sinking and purchase fund provisions), and dissolution preferences as may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

c. Share repurchase program:

In August 2008, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to one million shares of common stock which was further extended by an additional four million shares in 2010 and 2013. In October 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase by the Company of an additional one million shares of common stock pursuant to Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. As of December 31, 2017, 311,056 shares of common stock remained authorized for repurchase under to the Company’s share repurchase program.

In 2015, the Company repurchased 508,931 shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $19.80 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $10,078. In 2016, the Company repurchased 180,013 shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $18.98 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $3,417. In 2017, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.

d. Employee and non-employee stock plans:

The Company grants a mix of stock options, SARs capped with a ceiling and RSUs to employees and non-employee directors of the Company and its subsidiaries under the Company’s equity plans and provides the right to purchase common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2002 employee stock purchase plan to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries.

The SAR unit confers the holder the right to stock appreciation over a preset price of the Company’s common stock during a specified period of time. When the unit is exercised, the appreciation amount is paid through the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock. The ceiling limits the maximum income for each SAR unit. SARs are considered an equity instrument as it is a net share settled award capped with a ceiling (400% for all SAR grants made in previous years. No SARs were granted in 2016 and 2017). The options and SARs granted under the Company’s stock incentive plans have been granted at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Options and SARs granted to employees under stock incentive plans vest at a rate of 25% of the shares underlying the option after one year and the remaining shares vest in equal portions over the following 36 months, such that all shares are vested after four years. Options granted to non-employee directors vest 25% of the shares underlying the option on each anniversary of the option grant. RSUs granted to employees under stock incentive plans vest as to 1/3 on each anniversary of the grant date. RSUs granted to non-employee directors under stock incentive plans vest fully one year after the grant date.

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of RivieraWaves, on July 7, 2014, the Company issued an aggregate of 113,000 SARs to 27 employees of RivieraWaves who joined the Company in connection with the acquisition. The value of these grants was not included in the acquisition price of RivieraWaves. The SARs were granted outside of the Company’s existing equity plans and were granted as a material inducement to such individuals entering into employment with the Company, in accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). All of the SARs were priced at $15.17, the fair market value on the grant date, and will vest over four years, with 25% of the SARs vesting after one year and the remaining vest in equal portions over the following 36 months, such that all SARs will vest after four years, subject to the employee’s continuous service through

 

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CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

each vesting date. The SARs have a ceiling limit for maximum income capped at 400%, expire seven years from the grant date and are subject to the terms and condition of the individual SAR agreements. The SAR grants were approved by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.

A summary of the Company’s stock option and SARs activities and related information for the year ended December 31, 2017, is as follows:

 

     Number of
options and
SAR
units (1)
     Weighted
average
exercise

price
     Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
term
     Aggregate
intrinsic-
value
 

Outstanding at the beginning of the year

     1,455,908      $ 19.76        

Granted

     —          —          

Exercised

     (711,208      19.80        

Forfeited or expired

     (15,683      17.51        
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Outstanding at the end of the year (2)

     729,017      $ 19.77        5.2      $ 19,229  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exercisable at the end of the year (3)

     513,464      $ 19.07        4.7      $ 13,906  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (1) The SAR units are convertible for a maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to 75% of the SAR units subject to the grant.

 

  (2) Due to the ceiling imposed on the SAR grants, the outstanding amount equals a maximum of 662,075 shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise.

 

  (3) Due to the ceiling imposed on the SAR grants, the exercisable amount equals a maximum of 465,223 shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise.

The weighted average fair value of options and SARs granted during the year ended December 2015 was $7.8 per share. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended December 2016 was $12.9 per share. In 2017, the Company did not grant options and/or SARs.

The total intrinsic value of options and SARs exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 was $8,960, $12,282 and $15,188, respectively.

The options and SARs granted to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries and the options granted to non-employee directors of the Company which were outstanding as of December 31, 2017 have been classified into a range of exercise prices as follows:

 

     Outstanding      Exercisable  

Exercise price

(range)

   Number
of

options
and SARs
     Weighted
average

remaining
contractual

life (years)
     Weighted
average

exercise
price
     Number
of

options
and SARs
     Weighted
average

remaining
contractual

life (years)
     Weighted
average

exercise
price
 

14.16-18.62

     365,793        4.2      $ 15.64        290,193        4.0      $ 15.80  

19.36-24.86

     204,724        5.9      $ 19.91        142,771        5.8      $ 19.65  

27.17-31.51

     158,500        6.9      $ 29.13        80,500        5.2      $ 29.81  
  

 

 

          

 

 

       
     729,017        5.2      $ 19.77        513,464        4.7      $ 19.07  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

A RSU award is an agreement to issue shares of the Company’s common stock at the time the award or a portion thereof vests. RSUs granted to employees generally vest in three equal annual installments starting on the first anniversary of the grant date. RSUs granted to non-employee directors generally vest in full on the first anniversary of the grant date.

A summary of the Company’s RSU activities and related information for the year ended December 31, 2017, is as follows:

 

     Number of
RSUs
     Weighted
average
Grant-Date

fair value
 

Unvested as at the beginning of the year

     505,142      $ 21.59  

Granted

     288,197        37.25  

Vested

     (203,016      21.85  

Forfeited

     (29,707      26.07  
  

 

 

    

Unvested at the end of the year

     560,616      $ 29.31  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Stock Plans

As of December 31, 2017, the Company maintains the Company’s 2003 Director Stock Option Plan (the “Director Plan”) and the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan” and together with the Director Plan, the “Stock Plans”).

As of December 31, 2017, options, SARs and RSUs to purchase 1,309,038 shares of common stock were available for grant under the Stock Plans.

2011 Stock Incentive Plan

The 2011 Plan was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors in February 2011 and stockholders on May 17, 2011. Up to 2,350,000 shares of common stock (subject to adjustment in the event of future stock splits, future stock dividends or other similar changes in the common stock or the Company’s capital structure), plus the number of shares that remain available for grant of awards under the Company’s 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2002 Plan), plus any shares that would otherwise return to the 2002 Plan as a result of forfeiture, termination or expiration of awards previously granted under the 2002 plan (subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits and other similar events), are reserved for issuance under the 2011 Plan. The 2002 Plan was automatically terminated and replaced and superseded by the 2011 Plan, except that any awards previously granted under the 2002 Plan shall remain in effect pursuant to their term.

The 2011 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, dividend equivalent rights and stock appreciation rights. Officers, employees, directors, outside consultants and advisors of the Company and those of the Company’s present and future parent and subsidiary corporations are eligible to receive awards under the 2011 Plan. Under current U.S. tax laws, incentive stock options may only be granted to employees. The 2011 Plan permits the Company’s Board of Directors or a committee thereof to determine how grantees may pay the exercise or purchase price of their awards.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

Unless sooner terminated, the 2011 Plan is effective until February 2021.

The Company’s Board of Directors or a committee thereof has authority to administer the 2011 Plan. The Company’s Board of Directors has the authority to adopt, amend and repeal the administrative rules, guidelines and practices relating to the 2011 Plan and to interpret its provisions.

2003 Director Stock Option Plan

Under the Director Plan, 1,350,000 shares of common stock (subject to adjustment in the event of future stock splits, future stock dividends or other similar changes in the common stock or the Company’s capital structure) are authorized for issuance.

The Director Plan provides for the grant of nonqualified stock options to non-employee directors. Options must be granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options may not be granted for a term in excess of ten years.

Under the original terms of the Director Plan, (a) any person who becomes a non-employee director of the Company was automatically granted an option to purchase 38,000 shares of common stock, (b) on June 30 of each year, beginning in 2004, each non-employee director who had served on the Company’s Board of Directors for at least six (6) months as of such date was automatically granted an option with the exercise price being the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of July 1 st of each year to purchase 13,000 shares of common stock, and each non-employee director would receive an option with the exercise price being the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of July 1 st of each year to purchase 13,000 shares of common stock for each committee on which he or she had served as chairperson for at least six months prior to such date, and (c) the Chairman of the Board was granted an additional option with the exercise price being the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of July 1 st of each year to purchase 15,000 shares of common stock on an annual basis. In February 2015, the Board suspended the automatic grant of stock options to each non-employee director and the Chairman of the Board under the Director Plan. In lieu of the automatic stock option grants under the Director Plan, the Board approved an equity award to all directors of the Company consisting solely of RSUs granted under the 2011 Plan. In August 2017, the directors of the Company received a grant of RSUs in the aggregate amount of 30,897 RSUs.

The Company’s Board of Directors or a committee thereof may grant additional options to purchase common stock with a vesting schedule to be determined by the Board of Directors in recognition of services provided by a non-employee director in his or her capacity as a director.

The Company’s Board of Directors or a committee thereof has authority to administer the Director Plan. The Company’s Board of Directors or a committee thereof has the authority to adopt, amend and repeal the administrative rules, guidelines and practices relating to the Director Plan and to interpret its provisions.

2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)

The ESPP was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholder in July 2002. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an “Employee Stock Purchase Plan” under Section 423 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code and is intended to provide the Company’s employees with an opportunity to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions. An aggregate of 2,700,000 shares of common stock (subject to adjustment in the

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

event of future stock splits, future stock dividends or other similar changes in the common stock or the Company’s capital structure) are reserved for issuance. As of December 31, 2017, 298,604 shares of common stock were available for future issuance under the ESPP.

All of the Company’s employees who are regularly employed for more than five months in any calendar year and work 20 hours or more per week are eligible to participate in the ESPP. Non-employee directors, consultants, and employees subject to the rules or laws of a foreign jurisdiction that prohibit or make impractical their participation in an employee stock purchase plan are not eligible to participate in the ESPP.

The ESPP designates offer periods, purchase periods and exercise dates. Offer periods generally will be overlapping periods of 24 months. Purchase periods generally will be six-month periods. Exercise dates are the last day of each purchase period. In the event the Company merges with or into another corporation, sells all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, or enters into other transactions in which all of the Company’s stockholders before the transaction own less than 50% of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities following the transaction, the Company’s Board of Directors or a committee designated by the Board may elect to shorten the offer period then in progress.

The price per share at which shares of common stock may be purchased under the ESPP during any purchase period is the lesser of:

 

    85% of the fair market value of common stock on the date of grant of the purchase right, which is the commencement of an offer period; or

 

    85% of the fair market value of common stock on the exercise date, which is the last day of a purchase period.

The participant’s purchase right is exercised in the above noted manner on each exercise date arising during the offer period unless, on the first day of any purchase period, the fair market value of common stock is lower than the fair market value of common stock on the first day of the offer period. If so, the participant’s participation in the original offer period will be terminated, and the participant will automatically be enrolled in the new offer period effective the same date.

The ESPP is administered by the Board of Directors or a committee designated by the Board, which will have the authority to terminate or amend the plan, subject to specified restrictions, and otherwise to administer and resolve all questions relating to the administration of the plan.

e. Dividend policy:

The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its capital stock and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

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CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 8: DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The fair value of the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments is as follows:

 

     As at
December 31,
 
     2016      2017  

Derivative assets:

     

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

     

Foreign exchange forward contracts

   $ 6      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 6      $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company recorded the fair value of derivative assets in “prepaid expenses and other accounts receivable” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The increase in unrealized gains recognized in “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” on derivatives, before tax effect, is as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

        

Foreign exchange option contracts

   $ 83      $ 67      $ 90  

Foreign exchange forward contracts

     94        91        93  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 177      $ 158      $ 183  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The net gains reclassified from “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” into income, are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

        

Foreign exchange option contracts

   $ (31    $ (67    $ (90

Foreign exchange forward contracts

     (73      (94      (99
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ (104    $ (161    $ (189
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company recorded in cost of revenues and operating expenses, a net gain of $104, $161 and 189 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively, related to its Hedging Contracts.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 9: ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

 

     Year ended December 31, 2016     Year ended December 31, 2017  
     Unrealized
gains (losses)
on  available-
for-sale
marketable
securities
    Unrealized
gains
(losses) on
cash flow
hedges
    Total     Unrealized
gains (losses)  on
available-for-

sale marketable
securities
    Unrealized
gains (losses)
on cash flow
hedges
    Total  

Beginning balance

   $ (427   $ 8     $ (419   $ (502   $ 5     $ (497

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications

     (83     140       57       (83     163       80  

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     8       (143     (135     (1     (168     (169
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)

     (75     (3     (78     (84     (5     (89
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   $ (502   $ 5     $ (497   $ (586   $ 0     $ (586
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table provides details about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

 

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Components

   Amount Reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
   

Affected Line Item in the Statements of Operations

     Year ended
December 31,
     
     2015     2016     2017      

Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges

   $ —       $ 4     $ 4     Cost of revenues
     91       132       162     Research and development
     5       12       10     Sales and marketing
     8       13       13     General and administrative
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
     104       161       189     Total, before income taxes
     11       18       21     Income tax expense
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
     93       143       168     Total, net of income taxes

Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale marketable securities

     (78     (9     —       Financial income, net
     (8     (1     (1   Income tax benefit
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   
     (70     (8     1     Total, net of income taxes
   $ 23     $ 135     $ 169     Total, net of income taxes
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

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CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 10: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER AND PRODUCT DATA

a. Summary information about geographic areas:

FASB ASC No. 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company manages its business on a basis of one reportable segment: the licensing of intellectual property to semiconductor companies and electronic equipment manufacturers (see Note 1 for a brief description of the Company’s business). The following is a summary of revenues within geographic areas:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Revenues based on customer location:

        

United States

   $ 9,737      $ 9,134      $ 7,188  

Europe, Middle East

     7,064        10,901        11,007  

Asia Pacific (1) (2)

     42,698        52,618        69,312  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 59,499      $ 72,653      $ 87,507  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(1) China

   $ 29,982      $ 30,030      $ 41,059  

(2) S. Korea

   $ 6,173      $ 15,512      $ 17,842  

 

     2016      2017  

Long-lived assets by geographic region:

     

Israel

     4,026        6,196  

France

     365        383  

United States

     240        185  

Other

     174        162  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 4,805      $ 6,926  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

b. Major customer data as a percentage of total revenues:

The following table sets forth the customers that represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenues in each of the periods set forth below:

 

     Year ended
December 31,
 
     2015     2016     2017  

Customer A

     31     27     23

Customer B

     *     19     17

 

*) Less than 10%

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

c. Information about Products and Services:

The following table sets forth the products and services as percentages of the Company’s total revenues in each of the periods set forth below:

 

     Year ended
December 31,
 
     2015     2016     2017  

DSP products (DSP Cores and Platforms)

     82     84     86

Connectivity products (Bluetooth, WiFi and SATA/SAS)

     18     16     14

NOTE 11: SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME DATA

Financial income, net:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Interest income

   $ 2,845      $ 3,300      $ 4,233  

Loss on available-for-sale marketable securities, net

     (78      (9      —    

Amortization of premium on available-for-sale marketable securities, net

     (1,111      (1,064      (1,179

Foreign exchange loss, net

     (490      (188      (28

Accretion of Contingent Consideration

     (97      —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,069      $ 2,039      $ 3,026  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

NOTE 12: TAXES ON INCOME

a. U.S. tax reform

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act includes significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system including: a federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%; creation of the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”), a new minimum tax such as Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”); and the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial tax system. The change to a modified territorial tax system resulted in a one-time U.S. tax liability on those earnings which have not previously been repatriated to the U.S. (the “Transition Tax”), with future distributions not subject to U.S. federal income tax when repatriated. A majority of the provisions in the Tax Act are effective January 1, 2018.

In response to the Tax Act, the SEC staff issued guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. The guidance provides a one-year measurement period for companies to complete the accounting. The Company reflected the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting is complete. To the extent the Company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but the Company is able to determine a reasonable estimate, the Company recorded a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

In connection with its initial analysis of the impact of the Tax Act, the Company had an estimated $5,635 of Transition Tax for the year ended December 31, 2017. After the utilization of existing tax loss carryforwards, the Company does not expect to pay additional U.S. federal cash taxes.

The Company has not completed its accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the Tax Act. The Tax Act creates a new requirement that certain income such as GILTI earned by a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) must be included in the gross income of the CFC U.S. shareholder. Because of the complexity of the new GILTI tax rules, the Company is continuing to evaluate this provision of the Tax Act and whether taxes due on future U.S. inclusions related to GILTI should be recorded as a current-period expense when incurred, or factored into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes. As a result, the Company has not included an estimate of the tax expense or benefit related to GILTI for the period ended December 31, 2017.

The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act eliminates the deduction of certain base-erosion payments made to related foreign corporations, and impose a minimum tax if greater than regular tax. The Company does not expect it will be subject to this tax and therefore has not included any tax impacts of BEAT in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.

b. A number of the Company’s operating subsidiaries are taxed at rates lower than U.S. rates.

1. Irish Subsidiaries

The Irish operating subsidiary qualified for a 12.5% tax rate on its trade. Interest income earned by the Irish subsidiary is taxed at a rate of 25%. As of December 31, 2017, the open tax years, subject to review by the applicable taxing authorities for the Irish subsidiary, are 2012 and subsequent years.

2. Israeli Subsidiary

The Israeli subsidiary has been granted “Approved Enterprise” and “Benefited Enterprise” status under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments. For such Approved Enterprises and Benefited Enterprises, the Israeli subsidiary elected to apply for alternative tax benefits—the waiver of government grants in return for tax exemptions on undistributed income. Upon distribution of such exempt income, the Israeli subsidiary will be subject to corporate tax at the rate ordinarily applicable to the Approved Enterprise’s or Benefited Enterprise’s income. Such tax exemption on undistributed income applies for a limited period of between two to ten years, depending upon the location of the enterprise. During the remainder of the benefits period (generally until the expiration of ten years), a corporate tax rate not exceeding 24% will apply.

The Israeli subsidiary is a foreign investor company, or FIC, as defined by the Investment Law. FICs are entitled to further reductions in the tax rate normally applicable to Approved Enterprises and Benefited Enterprises. Depending on the foreign ownership in each tax year, the tax rate can range between 10% (when foreign ownership exceeds 90%) to 20% (when foreign ownership exceeds 49%). There can be no assurance that the subsidiary will continue to qualify as an FIC in the future or that the benefits described herein will be granted in the future.

The Company’s Israeli subsidiary’s tax-exempt profit from Approved Enterprises and Benefited Enterprises is permanently reinvested as the Company’s management has determined that the Company does not currently intend to distribute dividends. Therefore, deferred taxes have not been provided for such tax-exempt income. The Company intends to continue to reinvest these profits and does not currently foresee a need to distribute dividends out of such tax-exempt income.

 

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CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

Income not eligible for Approved Enterprise benefits or Benefited Enterprise benefits is taxed at a regular rate, which was 24% in 2017, 25% in 2016 and 26.5% in 2015.

In December 2016, the Israeli Parliament approved the Economic Efficiency Law (Legislative Amendments for Applying the Economic Policy for the 2017 and 2018 Budget Years), 2016 which reduces the corporate income tax rate to 24% (instead of 25%) effective on January 1, 2017 and to 23% effective on January 1, 2018.

In December 2016, the Economic Efficiency Law (Legislative Amendments for Applying the Economic Policy for the 2017 and 2018 Budget Years), 2016, which includes the Amendment to the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 (Amendment 73) (the “Amendment”), was published. The Amendment, among other things, prescribes special tax tracks for technological enterprises, which are subject to rules that were issued by the Minister of Finance during April 2017.

The new tax track under the Amendment, which is applicable to the Company, is the “Technological Preferred Enterprise”. Technological Preferred Enterprise is an enterprise for which total consolidated revenues of its parent company and all subsidiaries are less than 10 billion New Israeli Shekel (“NIS”). A Technological Preferred Enterprise, as defined in the law, which is located in the center of Israel (where our Israeli subsidiary is currently located), will be subject to tax at a rate of 12% on profits deriving from intellectual property (in development area A—a tax rate of 7.5%). Any dividends distributed to “foreign companies”, as defined in the law, deriving from income from the technological enterprises will be subject to tax at a rate of 4%.

As of December 31, 2017 the Company has yet to elect to apply the aforementioned tax track. Accordingly, the above changes in the tax rates relating to Technological Preferred Enterprises were not taken into account in the computation of deferred taxes as of December 31, 2017. The Company expects to apply the Technological Preferred Enterprise tax track from tax year 2020 and onwards.

The Israeli subsidiary elected to compute taxable income in accordance with Income Tax Regulations (Rules for Accounting for Foreign Investors Companies and Certain Partnerships and Setting their Taxable Income), 1986. Accordingly, the taxable income or loss is calculated in U.S. dollars. Applying these regulations reduces the effect of the foreign exchange rate (of NIS against the U.S. dollar) on the Company’s Israeli taxable income.

As of December 31, 2017, the open tax years, subject to review by the applicable taxing authorities for the Israeli subsidiary, are 2014 and subsequent years.

3. French Subsidiaries

The French operating subsidiaries qualified for a 33.33% tax rate on its profits.

In 2017, the French government passed a series of tax reforms allowing for the phased reduction in the corporate tax rate. In 2018, a 28% rate of corporate income tax will apply for amounts of taxable profit up to €500,000 and the standard rate of corporate income tax of 33.33% will apply for amounts of taxable profit above €500,000. In 2019, the standard rate of corporate income tax will be reduced to 31%, with the first €500,000 of taxable profit being still subject to the 28% rate. In 2020, the 28% rate of corporate income tax will become the new standard rate for all taxable profits. In 2021, the standard rate of corporate income tax will be reduced to 26.5%. In 2022, the standard rate of corporate income tax will be reduced to 25%.

As of December 31, 2017, the open tax years, subject to review by the applicable taxing authorities for the French subsidiaries, are 2015 and subsequent years.

 

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CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

c. Taxes on income comprised of:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Domestic taxes:

        

Current

   $ 115      $ 6      $ (227

Deferred

     —          —          —    

Foreign taxes:

        

Current

     2,212        3,932        3,473  

Deferred

     (1,213      (613      (1,375
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 1,114      $ 3,325      $ 1,871  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income (loss) before taxes on income:

        

Domestic

   $ (3,360    $ (3,488    $ (5,946

Foreign

     10,741        19,913        24,845  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 7,381      $ 16,425      $ 18,899  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

d. Reconciliation between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      2017  

Income before taxes on income

   $ 7,381      $ 16,425      $ 18,899  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Theoretical tax at U.S. statutory rate

     2,510        5,585        6,426  

Foreign income taxes at rates other than U.S. rate

     (958      (1,831      (2,304

Approved and benefited enterprises benefits (*)

     (1,653      (2,767      (2,698

Subpart F

     434        538        737  

Non-deductible items

     349        682        294  

Non-taxable items

     (481      (505      (529

Changes in uncertain tax position

     —          505        (1,757

Stock-based compensation expense

     —          —          (1,503

Deemed mandatory repatriation

     —          —          1,916  

Changes in valuation allowance

     839        1,212        2,076  

Other, net

     74        (94      (787
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Taxes on income

   $ 1,114      $ 3,325      $ 1,871  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(*) Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts of the benefit resulting from the “Approved Enterprise” and “Benefited Enterprise” status

   $ 0.08      $ 0.13      $ 0.12  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-39


Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

e. Deferred taxes on income:

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows:

 

     As at December 31,  
     2016      2017  

Deferred tax assets

     

Operating loss carryforward

   $ 9,638      $ 13,069  

Accrued expenses and deferred revenues

     1,128        1,057  

Temporary differences related to R&D expenses

     1,435        2,118  

Equity-based compensation

     2,685        1,956  

Tax credit carry forward

     1,237        1,866  

Other

     562        476  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total gross deferred tax assets

     16,685        20,542  

Valuation allowance

     (13,780      (16,590
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net deferred tax assets

   $ 2,905      $ 3,952  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

     

Intangible assets

   $ 621      $ 275  

Other

     32        34  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

   $ 653      $ 309  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net deferred tax assets (*)

   $ 2,252      $ 3,643  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Net deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 are all from foreign jurisdictions.

Changes in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets result from management’s assessment of the Company’s ability to utilize certain future tax deductions, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards prior to expiration. Valuation allowances were recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that will, more likely than not, be realized in the future. The net change in the valuation allowance primarily reflects an increase in deferred tax assets on operating loss carryforward.

The Company is currently analyzing the potential tax liability attributable to any additional repatriation of foreign earnings, but the Company has yet to determine whether it plans to change its prior assertion that such earnings are indefinitely reinvested and repatriate any additional earnings. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any deferred taxes attributable to other investments in its foreign subsidiaries. The Company will record the tax effects of any change in its prior assertion in the period that it completes its analysis and is able to make a reasonable estimate, and disclose any unrecognized deferred tax liability for temporary differences related to its foreign investments, if practicable.

 

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Table of Contents

CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

f. Uncertain tax positions

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits based on the provisions of FASB ASC No. 740 is as follows:

 

     Year ended
December 31,
 
     2016      2017  

Beginning of year

   $ 3,076      $ 3,784  

Additions for current year tax positions

     232        1,188  

Additions for prior year’s tax positions

     476        255  

Decrease as a result of the completion of a tax audit for prior years

     —          (3,003
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at December 31

   $ 3,784      $ 2,224  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, there were $3,784 and $2,224, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Company had accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits of $130 and $0, respectively. The Company did not accrue penalties during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $1,805 as a result of the completion of a tax audit for prior years in a certain foreign tax jurisdiction. This amount included a release of $130 in accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits. The reduction in the unrecognized tax benefits balance for prior years as a result of the completion of the tax audit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $3,003.

The Company believes that an adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the Company’s tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs. The Company does not expect uncertain tax positions to change significantly over the next 12 months, except in the case of settlements with tax authorities, the likelihood and timing of which are difficult to estimate.

g. Tax loss carryforwards:

As of December 31, 2017, CEVA and its subsidiaries had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $12,541, which are available to offset future federal taxable income. Such loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2030.

As of December 31, 2017, CEVA and its subsidiaries had net operating loss carryforwards for California income tax purposes of approximately $8,279, which are available to offset future California taxable income. Such loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2030.

As of December 31, 2017, CEVA’s Irish subsidiary had foreign operating losses of approximately $61,608, which are available to offset future taxable income indefinitely. As of December 31, 2017, CEVA’s French subsidiaries had foreign operating losses of approximately $6,807, which are available to offset future taxable income indefinitely.

 

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CEVA, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

h . Tax returns :

CEVA files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and local jurisdictions. With few exceptions, CEVA is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities, and state and local income tax examinations, for the years prior to 2010.

NOTE 13: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

a. The Company is not a party to any litigation or other legal proceedings that the Company believes could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

b. As of December 31, 2017, the Company and its subsidiaries had several non-cancelable operating leases, primarily for facilities and equipment. These leases generally contain renewal options and require the Company and its subsidiaries to pay all executory costs such as maintenance and insurance. In addition, the Company has several fixed service agreements with sub-contractors.

Rent expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, were $1,094, $1,259 and $1,417, respectively.

As of December 31, 2017, future purchase obligations and minimum rental commitments for leasehold properties and operating leases with non-cancelable terms are as follows:

 

     Minimum
rental

commitments
for leasehold
properties
     Commitments
for other
lease
obligations
     Other
purchase

obligations
     Total  

2018

   $ 1,226      $ 3,168      $ 2,237      $ 6,631  

2019

     436        1,323        —          1,759  

2020

     372        —          —          372  

2021

     40        —          —          40  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 2,074      $ 4,491      $ 2,237      $ 8,802  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

c. Royalties:

The Company participated in programs sponsored by the Israeli government for the support of research and development activities. Through December 31, 2017, the Company had obtained grants from the IIA for certain of the Company’s research and development projects. The Company is obligated to pay royalties to the IIA, amounting to 3%-3.5% of the sales of the products and other related revenues (based on the dollar) generated from such projects, up to 100% of the grants received. Royalty payment obligations also bear interest at the LIBOR rate. The obligation to pay these royalties is contingent on actual sales of the products and in the absence of such sales, no payment is required.

Royalty expenses relating to the IIA grants included in cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 amounted to $482, $539 and $1,016, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the aggregate contingent liability to the IIA (including interest) amounted to $22,254.

 

F-42


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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit

Number

 

Description

3.1(1)   Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
3.2(2)   Certificate of Ownership and Merger (merging CEVA, Inc. into ParthusCeva, Inc.)
3.3(3)   Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant
3.4(4)   Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
4.1(5)   Specimen of Common Stock Certificate
10.1†(6)   CEVA, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan
10.2(6)†   CEVA, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan
10.3†(13)   CEVA, Inc. 2003 Director Stock Option Plan
10.4†(6)   Parthus 2000 Share Option Plan
10.5†*   CEVA, Inc. 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
10.6(1)   Form of Indemnification Agreement
10.7†(7)   Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Gideon Wertheizer dated as of November 1, 2002
10.8†(7)   Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Issachar Ohana dated as of November 1, 2002
10.9†(8)   Personal and Special Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Yaniv Arieli dated as of August 18, 2005
10.10†(9)   Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan
10.11†(9)   Form of Israeli Stock Option Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan
10.12†(9)   Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan
10.13†(9)   Form of Israeli Stock Option Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan
10.14†(9)   Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2003 Director Stock Option Plan
10.15†(10)   Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement for Directors under the CEVA, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan
10.16†(10)   Yaniv Arieli’s Amended and Restated Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, dated as of August 3, 2007
10.17†(11)   Amendment, dated July 22, 2003, to the Employment Agreement by and between Issachar Ohana and CEVA, Inc., dated November  1, 2002
10.18†(12)   Amendment, effective as of November  1, 2007, to the Employment Agreement by and between Issachar Ohana and CEVA, Inc., dated November 1, 2002 and as amended on July 22, 2003
10.19†*   CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
10.20†(14)   2017 Executive Bonus Plan for Gideon Wertheizer and Yaniv Arieli, effective as of January 1, 2017 (portions of the description of the 2018 Executive Bonus Plan are redacted).
10.21†(14)   2017 Incentive Plan for Issachar Ohana, EVP Worldwide Sales, effective as of January 1, 2017 (portions of this exhibit is redacted).
10.22†(15)   Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan


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Exhibit

Number

 

Description

10.23†(15)   Form of Israeli Stock Appreciation Right Agreement under the CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
10.24†(15)   Form of Israeli Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for employees under the CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
10.25†(15)   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for employees under the CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
10.26†(15)   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for non-employee directors under the CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
10.27†(15)   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Israeli non-employee directors under the CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
10.28†(15)   Israeli Sub-plan under the CEVA, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan
10.29†(16)   2018 Incentive Plan for Issachar Ohana, EVP Worldwide Sales, effective as of January 1, 2018 (portions of this exhibit is redacted).
10.30†(16)   2018 Executive Bonus Plan for Gideon Wertheizer and Yaniv Arieli, effective as of January 1, 2018 (portions of the description of the 2018 Executive Bonus Plan are redacted).
Ex21.1*   Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1*   Consent of Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global
24.1*   Power of Attorney (See signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
31.1*   Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2*   Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32*   Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
101.INS   XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

(1) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s registration statement on Form 10, as amended, initially filed with the Commission on June 3, 2002 (registration number 000-49842), and incorporated herein by reference.
(2) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on December 8, 2003, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(3) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on December 12, 2016, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(4) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on July 22, 2005, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(5) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s registration statement on Form S-1, as amended, initially filed with the Commission on July 30, 2002 (registration number 333-97353), and incorporated herein by reference.
(6) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on March 14, 2008, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(7) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s 2002 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on March 28, 2003, and incorporated hereby by reference.


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(8) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on November 9, 2005, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(9) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on August 9, 2006, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(10) Filed as an exhibit of the same number to CEVA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 2007, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(11) Filed as Exhibit 10.27 to CEVA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2007, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(12) Filed as Exhibit 99.1 to CEVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2007, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(13) Filed as Exhibit 10.8 to CEVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on March 15, 2012, and incorporated hereby by reference..
(14) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2017, and incorporated hereby by reference..
(15) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on March 11, 2016, and incorporated hereby by reference.
(16) Filed as an exhibit to CEVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2018, and incorporated hereby by reference.
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of Form 10-K.
* Filed herewith.


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

CEVA, INC.
By:  

/S/ Gideon Wertheizer

    Gideon Wertheizer
    Chief Executive Officer

March 1, 2018

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Gideon Wertheizer and Yaniv Arieli or either of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/S/ GIDEON WERTHEIZER

Gideon Wertheizer

   Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer & Director)   March 1, 2018

/S/ YANIV ARIELI

Yaniv Arieli

   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)   March 1, 2018

/S/ PETER MCMANAMON

Peter McManamon

  

Director and Chairman

 

March 1, 2018

/S/ ELIYAHU AYALON

Eliyahu Ayalon

   Director   March 1, 2018

/S/ ZVI LIMON

Zvi Limon

   Director   March 1, 2018

/S/ BRUCE MANN

Bruce Mann

   Director   March 1, 2018

/S/ MARIA MARCED

Maria Marced

   Director   March 1, 2018

/S/ SVEN-CHRISTER-NILSSON

Sven-Christer Nilsson

   Director   March 1, 2018

/S/ LOUIS SILVER

Louis Silver

   Director   March 1, 2018

 


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CEVA, INC.

SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

 

     Balance at
beginning of
period
     Additions      Deduction      Balance at
end of period
 

Year ended December 31, 2017

           

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —    

Year ended December 31, 2016

           

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   $ 25      $ —        $ 25      $ —    

Year ended December 31, 2015

           

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   $ 25      $ —        $ —        $ 25  

 

Exhibit 10.5

CEVA, INC.

2002 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

(Amended and Restated Effective May 2017)

The following constitute the provisions of the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of CEVA, Inc.

1.     Purpose . The purpose of the Plan is to provide Employees of the Company and its Designated Parents or Subsidiaries with an opportunity to purchase Common Stock of the Company through accumulated payroll deductions. It is the intention of the Company to have the Plan qualify as an “Employee Stock Purchase Plan” under Section 423 of the Code and the applicable regulations thereunder. The provisions of the Plan, accordingly, shall be construed so as to extend and limit participation in a manner consistent with the requirements of that section of the Code.

2.     Definitions . As used herein, the following definitions shall apply:

(a)    ” Administrator ” means either the Board or a committee of the Board that is responsible for the administration of the Plan as is designated from time to time by resolution of the Board.

(b)    ” Applicable Laws ” means the legal requirements relating to the administration of employee stock purchase plans, if any, under applicable provisions of federal securities laws, state corporate and securities laws, the Code and the applicable regulations thereunder, the rules of any applicable stock exchange or national market system, and the rules of any foreign jurisdiction applicable to participation in the Plan by residents therein.

(c)    ” Board ” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

(d)    ” Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

(e)    ” Common Stock ” means the common stock of the Company.

(f)    ” Company ” means CEVA, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

(g)    ” Compensation ” means an Employee’s base salary from the Company or one or more Designated Parents or Subsidiaries (as reported on the Employee’s Federal Income Tax Withholding Statement (Form W-2) or equivalent thereof), including (A) such amounts of base salary as are deferred by the Employee (i) under a qualified cash or deferred arrangement described in Section 401(k) of the Code, or (ii) to a plan qualified under Sections 125 or 129 of the Code and (B) sales commissions. Compensation does not include overtime, bonuses, annual awards, other incentive payments, reimbursements or other expense allowances, fringe benefits (cash or noncash), moving expenses, deferred compensation, third party sick or disability pay, income or gains


attributable to restricted stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights or other similar equity-based compensation, imputed income or other non-cash items, such as life insurance premiums and similar items, contributions (other than contributions described in the first sentence) made on the Employee’s behalf by the Company or one or more Designated Parents or Subsidiaries under any employee benefit or welfare plan now or hereafter established, and any other payments not specifically referenced in the first sentence.

(h)    ” Corporate Transaction ” means any of the following transactions:

(1)    a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving entity, except for a transaction the principal purpose of which is to change the state in which the Company is incorporated;

(2)    the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (including the capital stock of the Company’s subsidiary corporations);

(3)    the complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company;

(4)    any reverse merger in which the Company is the surviving entity but in which securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities are transferred to a person or persons different from those who held such securities immediately prior to such merger; or

(5)    acquisition in a single or series of related transactions by any person or related group of persons (other than the Company or by a Company-sponsored employee benefit plan) of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) of securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities, but excluding any such transaction or series of related transactions that the Administrator determines shall not be a Corporate Transaction.

(i)    ” Designated Parents or Subsidiaries ” means the Parents or Subsidiaries of the Company which have been designated by the Administrator from time to time as eligible to participate in the Plan.

(j)    ” Effective Date ” means a date selected by the Board in its sole discretion. However, should any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company become a Designated Parent or Subsidiary after such date, then the Administrator, in its discretion, shall designate a separate Effective Date with respect to the employee-participants of such Designated Parent or Subsidiary.

(k)    ” Employee ” means any individual, including an officer or director, who is an employee of the Company or a Designated Parent or Subsidiary for purposes of Section 423 of the Code. For purposes of the Plan, the employment relationship shall be treated as continuing intact while the individual is on sick leave or other leave of absence approved by the individual’s employer. Where the period of leave exceeds three (3) months and the individual’s right to reemployment is not guaranteed either by statute or by contract, the employment relationship will be deemed to have terminated on the day three (3) months and one (1) day following the expiration of such three (3) month period, for purposes of determining eligibility to participate in the Plan.

 

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(l)    ” Enrollment Date ” means the first day of each Offer Period.

(m)    ” Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(n)    ” Exercise Date ” means the last day of each Purchase Period.

(o)    ” Fair Market Value ” means, as of any date, the value of Common Stock determined as follows:

(1)     If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limitation The Nasdaq National Market or The Nasdaq SmallCap Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for such stock (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on such exchange or system on the date of determination (or, if no closing sales price or closing bid was reported on that date, as applicable, on the last trading date such closing sales price or closing bid was reported), as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable;

(2)    If the Common Stock is regularly quoted on an automated quotation system (including the OTC Bulletin Board) or by a recognized securities dealer, but selling prices are not reported, the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be the mean between the high bid and low asked prices for the Common Stock on the date of determination (or, if no such prices were reported on that date, on the last date such prices were reported), as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable; or

(3)    In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock of the type described in (1) and (2), above, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined by the Administrator in good faith.

(p)    ” Offer Period ” means an Offer Period established pursuant to Section 4 hereof.

(q)    ” Parent ” means a “parent corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.

(r)    ” Participant ” means an Employee of the Company or Designated Parent or Subsidiary who has completed a subscription agreement as set forth in Section 5(a) and is thereby enrolled in the Plan.

(s)    ” Plan ” means this Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

(t)    (letter hidden to preserve original numbering as requested)

(u)    ” Purchase Period ” means a period of approximately six months, commencing on February 1 and August 1 of each year and terminating on the next following July 31 or January 31, respectively; provided, however, that the first Purchase Period shall commence on the Effective Date and shall end on a date determined by the Administrator that shall be no later than twenty-seven (27) months after the Effective Date. The duration and timing of Purchase Periods may be changed pursuant to Section 19(b) of the Plan.

 

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(v)    ” Purchase Price ” shall mean an amount equal to 85% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the Enrollment Date or on the Exercise Date, whichever is lower.

(w)    ” Reserves ” means, as of any date, the sum of (1) the number of shares of Common Stock covered by each then outstanding option under the Plan which has not yet been exercised and (2) the number of shares of Common Stock which have been authorized for issuance under the Plan but not then subject to an outstanding option.

(x)    (letter hidden to preserve original numbering as requested)

(y)    ” Subsidiary ” means a “subsidiary corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

3.     Eligibility .

(a)     General . Any individual who is an Employee on a given Enrollment Date shall be eligible to participate in the Plan for the Offer Period commencing with such Enrollment Date. No individual who is not an Employee shall be eligible to participate in the Plan.

(b)     Limitations on Grant and Accrual . Any provisions of the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, no Employee shall be granted an option under the Plan (i) if, immediately after the grant, such Employee (taking into account stock owned by any other person whose stock would be attributed to such Employee pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code) would own stock and/or hold outstanding options to purchase stock possessing five percent (5%) or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company or of any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, or (ii) which permits the Employee’s rights to purchase stock under all employee stock purchase plans of the Company and its Parents or Subsidiaries to accrue at a rate which exceeds Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars ($25,000) worth of stock (determined at the Fair Market Value of the shares at the time such option is granted) for each calendar year in which such option is outstanding at any time. The determination of the accrual of the right to purchase stock shall be made in accordance with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and the regulations thereunder. In the event that an Employee may not be granted an option under the Plan because of the foregoing restrictions, the Employee shall be granted an option to purchase the maximum number of shares that would not violate the foregoing restrictions.

(c)     Other Limits on Eligibility . Notwithstanding Subsection (a), above, the following Employees shall not be eligible to participate in the Plan for any relevant Offer Period: (i) Employees whose customary employment is less than 20 hours per week; (ii) Employees whose customary employment is for not more than 5 months in any calendar year; and (iii) Employees who are subject to rules or laws of a foreign jurisdiction that prohibit or make impractical the participation of such Employees in the Plan.

4.     Offer Periods .

(a)    The Plan shall be implemented through overlapping or consecutive Offer Periods until such time as (i) the maximum number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan shall have been purchased or (ii) the Plan shall have been sooner amended or

 

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terminated in accordance with Section 19 hereof. The maximum duration of an Offer Period shall be twenty-seven (27) months. Initially, the Plan shall be implemented through overlapping Offer Periods of twenty-four (24) months’ duration commencing each February 1 and August 1 following the Effective Date (except that the initial Offer Period shall commence on the Effective Date and shall end on a date determined by the Administrator that shall be no later than twenty-seven (27) months after the Effective Date).

(b)    A Participant shall be granted a separate option for each Offer Period in which he or she participates. The option shall be granted on the Enrollment Date and shall be automatically exercised in successive installments on the Exercise Dates ending within the Offer Period.

(c)    If on the first day of any Purchase Period in an Offer Period in which an Employee is a Participant, the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock is less than the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the Enrollment Date of the Offer Period (after taking into account any adjustment during the Offer Period pursuant to Section 18(a)), the Offer Period shall be terminated automatically and the Participant shall be enrolled automatically in the new Offer Period which has its first Purchase Period commencing on that date, provided the Employee is eligible to participate in the Plan on that date and has not elected to terminate participation in the Plan.

(d)    Except as specifically provided herein, the acquisition of Common Stock through participation in the Plan for any Offer Period shall neither limit nor require the acquisition of Common Stock by a Participant in any subsequent Offer Period.

5.     Participation .

(a)    An eligible Employee may become a Participant in the Plan by completing a subscription agreement authorizing payroll deductions in the form of Exhibit A to this Plan (or such other form or method (including electronic forms) as the Administrator may designate from time to time) and filing it with the designated payroll office of the Company at least five (5) business days prior to the Enrollment Date for the Offer Period in which such participation will commence, unless a later time for filing the subscription agreement is set by the Administrator for all eligible Employees with respect to a given Offer Period.

(b)    Payroll deductions for a Participant shall commence with the first partial or full payroll period beginning on the Enrollment Date and shall end on the last complete payroll period during the Offer Period, unless sooner terminated by the Participant as provided in Section 10.

6.     Payroll Deductions .

(a)    At the time a Participant files a subscription agreement, the Participant shall elect to have payroll deductions made during the Offer Period in amounts equal to or greater than one percent (1%) but not exceeding ten percent (10%) of the Compensation which the Participant receives during the Offer Period. Prior to April 1, 2006, a Participant could elect to have payroll deductions made during the Offer Period in amounts up to twenty percent (20%) of the Compensation which the Participant receives during the Offer Period. Such payroll deductions shall be in whole percentages only.

 

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(b)    All payroll deductions made for a Participant shall be credited to the Participant’s account under the Plan and will be withheld in whole percentages only. A Participant may not make any additional payments into such account.

(c)    A Participant may discontinue participation in the Plan as provided in Section 10, or may increase or decrease the rate of payroll deductions during the Offer Period by completing and filing with the Company a change of status notice in the form of Exhibit B to this Plan (or such other form or method (including electronic forms) as the Administrator may designate from time to time) authorizing an increase or decrease in the payroll deduction rate. Any increase or decrease in the rate of a Participant’s payroll deductions shall be effective with the first full payroll period commencing five (5) business days after the Company’s receipt of the change of status notice unless the Company elects to process a given change in participation more quickly. A Participant’s subscription agreement (as modified by any change of status notice) shall remain in effect for successive Offer Periods unless terminated as provided in Section 10. The Administrator shall be authorized to limit the number of payroll deduction rate changes during any Offer Period.

(d)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and Section 3(b) herein, a Participant’s payroll deductions shall be decreased to 0%. Payroll deductions shall recommence at the rate provided in such Participant’s subscription agreement, as amended, at the time when permitted under Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and Section 3(b) herein, unless such participation is sooner terminated by the Participant as provided in Section 10.

(e)    At the time the option is exercised, in whole or in part, or at the time any of the Company’s Common Stock issued under the Plan is disposed of, the participant must make adequate provision for the Company’s federal, state, or other tax withholding obligations, if any, which arise upon the exercise of the option or the disposition of the Common Stock. At any time, the Company may, but shall not be obligated to, withhold from the participant’s compensation the amount necessary for the Company to meet applicable withholding obligations, including any withholding required to make available to the Company any tax deductions or benefits attributable to sale or other disposition of Common Stock by the Employee.

7.     Grant of Option . On the Enrollment Date of each Offer Period, each Participant shall be granted an option to purchase (at the applicable Purchase Price) up to a whole number of shares of Common Stock (the “Option Shares”) determined by dividing $50,000 by the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the Enrollment Date (subject to any adjustment pursuant to Section 18), and provided that such purchase shall be subject to the limitations set forth in Sections 3(b), 6 and 12 hereof. The option shall be exercisable as to 25% of the Option Shares on each Exercise Date during the Offer Period. Exercise of the option shall occur as provided in Section 8, unless the Participant has withdrawn pursuant to Section 10, and the option, to the extent not exercised, shall expire on the last day of the Offer Period with respect to which such option was granted.

 

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8.     Exercise of Option . Unless a Participant withdraws from the Plan as provided in Section 10, below, the Participant’s option for the purchase of shares of Common Stock will be exercised automatically on each Exercise Date, by applying the accumulated payroll deductions in the Participant’s account to purchase the number of full shares subject to the option by dividing such Participant’s payroll deductions accumulated prior to such Exercise Date and retained in the Participant’s account as of the Exercise Date by the applicable Purchase Price. No fractional shares will be purchased; any payroll deductions accumulated in a Participant’s account which are not sufficient to purchase a full share shall be carried over to the next Purchase Period or Offer Period, whichever applies, or returned to the Participant, if the Participant withdraws from the Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any amount remaining in a Participant’s account following the purchase of shares on the Exercise Date due to the application of Section 423(b)(8) of the Code or Section 7, above, shall be returned to the Participant and shall not be carried over to the next Offer Period or Purchase Period. During a Participant’s lifetime, a Participant’s option to purchase shares hereunder is exercisable only by the Participant.

9.     Delivery . Upon receipt of a request from a Participant after each Exercise Date on which a purchase of shares occurs, the Company shall arrange the delivery to such Participant, as promptly as practicable, of a certificate representing the shares purchased upon exercise of the Participant’s option. The Company may, in its sole discretion, and in compliance with applicable laws, authorize the book entry registration of shares in lieu of issuing certificates.

10.     Withdrawal; Termination of Employment .

(a)    A Participant may either (i) withdraw all but not less than all the payroll deductions credited to the Participant’s account and not yet used to exercise the Participant’s option under the Plan or (ii) terminate future payroll deductions, but allow accumulated payroll deductions to be used to exercise the Participant’s option under the Plan at any time by giving written notice to the Company in the form of Exhibit B to this Plan (or such other form or method (including electronic forms) as the Administrator may designate from time to time). If the Participant elects withdrawal alternative (i) described above, all of the Participant’s payroll deductions credited to the Participant’s account will be paid to such Participant as promptly as practicable after receipt of notice of withdrawal, such Participant’s option for the Offer Period will be automatically terminated, and no further payroll deductions for the purchase of shares will be made during the Offer Period. If the Participant elects withdrawal alternative (ii) described above, no further payroll deductions for the purchase of shares will be made during the Offer Period, all of the Participant’s payroll deductions credited to the Participant’s account will be applied to the exercise of the Participant’s option on the next Exercise Date (subject to Sections 3(b), 6, 7 and 12), and after such Exercise Date, such Participant’s option for the Offer Period will be automatically terminated and all remaining accumulated payroll deduction amounts shall be returned to the Participant. If a Participant withdraws from an Offer Period, payroll deductions will not resume at the beginning of the succeeding Offer Period unless the Participant delivers to the Company a new subscription agreement. A Participant’s withdrawal from an Offer Period shall not have any effect upon his or her eligibility to participate in any similar plan that may be hereafter adopted by the Company or in succeeding Offer Periods.

 

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(b)    With respect to the termination of employment of a Participant whose new Offer Period does not begin until either August 1, 2007 or February 1, 2008, upon termination of such Participant’s employment relationship (as described in Section 2(k)) at a time more than three (3) months from July 31, 2007 or January 31, 2008, as the case may be, the payroll deductions credited to such Participant’s account during the Offer Period ending on July 31, 2007 or January 31, 2008, as the case may be, but not yet used to exercise the option will be returned to such Participant or, in the case of his/her death, to the person or persons entitled thereto under Section 14, and such Participant’s option will be automatically terminated without exercise of any portion of such option. With respect to the termination of employment of a Participant whose new Offer Period does not begin until either August 1, 2007 or February 1, 2008, upon termination of such Participant’s employment relationship (as described in Section 2(k)) within three (3) months of July 31, 2007 or January 31, 2008, as the case may be, the payroll deductions credited to such Participant’s account during the Offer Period ending on July 31, 2007 or January 31, 2008, as the case may be, but not yet used to exercise the option will be applied to the purchase of Common Stock on July 31, 2007 or January 31, 2008, as the case may be, unless the Participant (or in the case of the Participant’s death, the person or persons entitled to the Participant’s account balance under Section 14) withdraws from the Plan by submitting a change of status notice in accordance with subsection (a) of this Section 10. In such a case, no further payroll deductions will be credited to the Participant’s account following the Participant’s termination of employment and the Participant’s option under the Plan will be automatically terminated after the purchase of Common Stock on July 31, 2007 or January 31, 2008, as the case may be. If, prior to July 31, 2007 or January 31, 2008, as the case may be, the Designated Parent or Subsidiary by which the Employee is employed shall cease to be a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, or if the Employee is transferred to a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Designated Parent or Subsidiary, the Employee shall be deemed to have been terminated for purposes of the Plan.

(c)    With respect to the termination of employment of a Participant whose new Offering Period begins on or after August 1, 2006, upon termination of such Participant’s employment relationship (as described in Section 2(k)), the payroll deductions credited to such Participant’s account during the Offer Period but not yet used to exercise the option will be returned to such Participant or, in the case of his/her death, to the person or persons entitled thereto under Section 14, and such Participant’s option will be automatically terminated without exercise of any portion of such option. If, prior to the last day of the Offer Period, the Designated Parent or Subsidiary by which the Employee is employed shall cease to be a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, or if the Employee is transferred to a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Designated Parent or Subsidiary, the Employee shall be deemed to have been terminated for purposes of the Plan.

11.     Interest . No interest shall accrue on the payroll deductions credited to a Participant’s account under the Plan.

12.     Stock .

(a)    The maximum number of shares of Common Stock which shall be made available for sale under the Plan shall be two million seven hundred thousand (2,700,000) shares, subject to adjustment upon changes in capitalization of the Company as provided in Section 18.

 

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With respect to any amendment to increase the total number of shares of Common Stock under the Plan, the Administrator shall have discretion to disallow the purchase of any increased shares of Common Stock for Offer Periods in existence prior to such increase. If the Administrator determines that on a given Exercise Date the number of shares with respect to which options are to be exercised may exceed (x) the number of shares then available for sale under the Plan or (y) the number of shares available for sale under the Plan on the Enrollment Date(s) of one or more of the Offer Periods in which such Exercise Date is to occur, the Administrator may make a pro rata allocation of the shares remaining available for purchase on such Enrollment Dates or Exercise Date, as applicable, in as uniform a manner as shall be practicable and as it shall determine to be equitable, and shall either continue all Offer Periods then in effect or terminate any one or more Offer Periods then in effect pursuant to Section 19, below. Any amount remaining in a Participant’s payroll account following such pro rata allocation shall be returned to the Participant and shall not be carried over to any future Purchase Period or Offer Period, as determined by the Administrator.

(b)    A Participant will have no interest or voting right in shares covered by the Participant’s option until such shares are actually purchased on the Participant’s behalf in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Plan. No adjustment shall be made for dividends, distributions or other rights for which the record date is prior to the date of such purchase.

(c)    Shares to be delivered to a Participant under the Plan will be registered in the name of the Participant or in the name of the Participant and his or her spouse as designated in the Participant’s subscription agreement.

13.     Administration . The Plan shall be administered by the Administrator which shall have full and exclusive discretionary authority to construe, interpret and apply the terms of the Plan, to determine eligibility and to adjudicate all disputed claims filed under the Plan. Every finding, decision and determination made by the Administrator shall, to the full extent permitted by Applicable Law, be final and binding upon all persons.

14.     Designation of Beneficiary .

(a)    Each Participant will file a written designation of a beneficiary who is to receive any shares and cash, if any, from the Participant’s account under the Plan in the event of such Participant’s death. If a Participant is married and the designated beneficiary is not the spouse, spousal consent shall be required for such designation to be effective.

(b)    Such designation of beneficiary may be changed by the Participant (and the Participant’s spouse, if any) at any time by written notice. In the event of the death of a Participant and in the absence of a beneficiary validly designated under the Plan who is living (or in existence) at the time of such Participant’s death, the Company shall deliver such shares and/or cash to the executor or administrator of the estate of the Participant, or if no such executor or administrator has been appointed (to the knowledge of the Administrator), the Administrator shall deliver such shares and/or cash to the spouse (or domestic partner, as determined by the Administrator) of the Participant, or if no spouse (or domestic partner) is known to the Administrator, then to the issue of the Participant, such distribution to be made per stirpes (by right of representation), or if no issue are known to the Administrator, then to the heirs at law of the Participant determined in accordance with Section 27.

 

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15.     Transferability . No payroll deductions credited to a Participant’s account, options granted hereunder, or any rights with regard to the exercise of an option or to receive shares under the Plan may be assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of in any way (other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or as provided in Section 14 hereof) by the Participant. Any such attempt at assignment, transfer, pledge or other disposition shall be without effect, except that the Administrator may, in its sole discretion, treat such act as an election to withdraw funds from an Offer Period in accordance with Section 10.

16.     Use of Funds . All payroll deductions received or held by the Company under the Plan may be used by the Company for any corporate purpose, and the Company shall not be obligated to segregate such payroll deductions or hold them exclusively for the benefit of Participants. All payroll deductions received or held by the Company are subject to the claims of the Company’s general creditors, and no Participant shall have rights greater than those of any unsecured creditor of the Company.

17.     Reports . Individual accounts will be maintained for each Participant in the Plan. Statements of account will be given to Participants at least annually, which statements will set forth the amounts of payroll deductions, the Purchase Price, the number of shares purchased and the remaining cash balance, if any.

18.     Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization; Corporate Transactions .

(a)     Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization . Subject to any required action by the stockholders of the Company, the Reserves, the Purchase Price, the maximum number of shares that may be purchased in any Offer Period or Purchase Period, as well as any other terms that the Administrator determines require adjustment shall be proportionately adjusted for (i) any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock resulting from a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of the Common Stock, (ii) any other increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock effected without receipt of consideration by the Company, or (iii) as the Administrator may determine in its discretion, any other transaction with respect to Common Stock to which Section 424(a) of the Code applies; provided, however that conversion of any convertible securities of the Company shall not be deemed to have been “effected without receipt of consideration.” Such adjustment shall be made by the Administrator and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive. Except as the Administrator determines, no issuance by the Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason hereof shall be made with respect to, the Reserves and the Purchase Price.

(b)     Corporate Transactions . In the event of a proposed Corporate Transaction, each option under the Plan shall be assumed by such successor corporation or a parent or subsidiary of such successor corporation, unless the Administrator, in the exercise of its sole discretion and in lieu of such assumption, determines to shorten the Offer Period then in progress by setting a new Exercise Date (the “New Exercise Date”). If the Administrator shortens the Offer Period then in

 

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progress in lieu of assumption in the event of a Corporate Transaction, the Administrator shall notify each Participant in writing at least ten (10) business days prior to the New Exercise Date, that the Exercise Date for the Participant’s option has been changed to the New Exercise Date and that either:

(1)    the Participant’s option will be exercised automatically on the New Exercise Date, unless prior to such date the Participant has withdrawn from the Offer Period as provided in Section 10; or

(2)    the Company shall pay to the Participant on the New Exercise Date an amount in cash, cash equivalents, or property as determined by the Administrator that is equal to the difference in the Fair Market Value of the shares subject to the option and the Purchase Price due had the Participant’s option been exercised automatically under Subsection (b)(i) above.

For purposes of this Subsection, an option granted under the Plan shall be deemed to be assumed if, in connection with the Corporate Transaction, the option is replaced with a comparable option with respect to shares of capital stock of the successor corporation or Parent thereof. The determination of option comparability shall be made by the Administrator prior to the Corporate Transaction and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive on all persons.

19.     Amendment or Termination .

(a)    The Administrator may at any time and for any reason terminate or amend the Plan. Except as provided in Section 18, no such termination can affect options previously granted, provided that the Plan or any one or more Offer Periods may be terminated by the Administrator on any Exercise Date or by the Administrator establishing a new Exercise Date with respect to any Offer Period and/or any Purchase Period then in progress if the Administrator determines that the termination of the Plan or such one or more Offer Periods is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. Except as provided in Section 18 and this Section 19, no amendment may make any change in any option theretofore granted which adversely affects the rights of any Participant without the consent of affected Participants. To the extent necessary to comply with Section 423 of the Code (or any successor rule or provision or any other Applicable Law), the Company shall obtain stockholder approval in such a manner and to such a degree as required.

(b)    Without stockholder consent and without regard to whether any Participant rights may be considered to have been “adversely affected,” the Administrator shall be entitled to limit the frequency and/or number of changes in the amount withheld during Offer Periods, change the length of Purchase Periods within any Offer Period, determine the length of any future Offer Period, determine whether future Offer Periods shall be consecutive or overlapping, establish the exchange ratio applicable to amounts withheld in a currency other than U.S. dollars, establish additional terms, conditions, rules or procedures to accommodate the rules or laws of applicable foreign jurisdictions, permit payroll withholding in excess of the amount designated by a Participant in order to adjust for delays or mistakes in the Company’s processing of properly completed withholding elections, establish reasonable waiting and adjustment periods and/or accounting and crediting procedures to ensure that amounts applied toward the purchase of Common Stock for each Participant properly correspond with amounts withheld from the Participant’s Compensation, and establish such other limitations or procedures as the Administrator determines in its sole discretion advisable and which are consistent with the Plan.

 

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20.     Notices . All notices or other communications by a Participant to the Company under or in connection with the Plan shall be deemed to have been duly given when received in the form specified by the Administrator at the location, or by the person, designated by the Administrator for the receipt thereof.

21.     Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares . Shares shall not be issued with respect to an option unless the exercise of such option and the issuance and delivery of such shares pursuant thereto shall comply with all Applicable Laws and shall be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance. As a condition to the exercise of an option, the Company may require the Participant to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required by any of the aforementioned Applicable Laws.

22.     Term of Plan . The Plan shall become effective upon the earlier to occur of its adoption by the Board or its approval by the stockholders of the Company. It shall continue in effect for a term of twenty (20) years unless sooner terminated under Section 19.

23.     Stockholder Approval . The Plan is effective as of the date it is adopted by the Board. The Plan shall be submitted to the stockholders of the Company within twelve (12) months before or after the date the Plan is adopted for approval to obtain the benefits of Section 423 of the Code. However, the Plan shall not be conditioned upon such approval.

24.     No Employment Rights . The Plan does not, directly or indirectly, create any right for the benefit of any employee or class of employees to purchase any shares under the Plan, or create in any employee or class of employees any right with respect to continuation of employment by the Company or a Designated Parent or Subsidiary, and it shall not be deemed to interfere in any way with such employer’s right to terminate, or otherwise modify, an employee’s employment at any time.

25.     No Effect on Retirement and Other Benefit Plans . Except as specifically provided in a retirement or other benefit plan of the Company or a Designated Parent or Subsidiary, participation in the Plan shall not be deemed compensation for purposes of computing benefits or contributions under any retirement plan of the Company or a Designated Parent or Subsidiary, and shall not affect any benefits under any other benefit plan of any kind or any benefit plan subsequently instituted under which the availability or amount of benefits is related to level of compensation. The Plan is not a “Retirement Plan” or “Welfare Plan” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

26.     Effect of Plan . The provisions of the Plan shall, in accordance with its terms, be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, all successors of each Participant, including, without limitation, such Participant’s estate and the executors, administrators or trustees thereof, heirs and legatees, and any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy or representative of creditors of such Participant.

 

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27.     Governmental Regulations . The Company’s obligation to sell and deliver Common Stock under this Plan is subject to listing on an established stock exchange or quotation on a national market system or an over the counter market (to the extent the Common Stock is then so listed or quoted) and the approval of all governmental authorities required in connection with the authorization, issuance, or sale of such stock.

28.     Source of Shares . Shares may be issued upon exercise of an option from authorized but unissued Common Stock, from shares held in the treasury of the Company, or from any other proper source.

29.     Notification Upon Sale of Shares . Each employee agrees, by participating in the Plan, to promptly give notice to the Company of any disposition of shares purchased under the Plan where such disposition occurs within two years after the date of the grant of the option pursuant to which such shares were purchased or within one year of the date of exercise of such option pursuant to which such shares were purchased.

30.     Governing Law . The Plan is to be construed in accordance with and governed by the internal laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any choice of law rule that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the internal laws of the State of Delaware to the rights and duties of the parties, except to the extent the internal laws of the State of Delaware are superseded by the laws of the United States. Should any provision of the Plan be determined by a court of law to be illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions shall nevertheless remain effective and shall remain enforceable.

31.     Dispute Resolution . The provisions of this Section 31 (and as restated in the Subscription Agreement) shall be the exclusive means of resolving disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan. The Company and the Participant, or their respective successors (the “parties”), shall attempt in good faith to resolve any disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan by negotiation between individuals who have authority to settle the controversy. Negotiations shall be commenced by either party by notice of a written statement of the party’s position and the name and title of the individual who will represent the party. Within thirty (30) days of the written notification, the parties shall meet at a mutually acceptable time and place, and thereafter as often as they reasonably deem necessary, to resolve the dispute. If the dispute has not been resolved by negotiation, the parties agree that any suit, action, or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Plan shall be brought in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (or should such court lack jurisdiction to hear such action, suit or proceeding, in a California state court in the County of San Francisco) and that the parties shall submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The parties irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection the party may have to the laying of venue for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court. THE PARTIES ALSO EXPRESSLY WAIVE ANY RIGHT THEY HAVE OR MAY HAVE TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING. If any one or more provisions of this Section 31 shall for any reason be held invalid or unenforceable, it is the specific intent of the parties that such provisions shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it or its application valid and enforceable.

32.     Plan Approval . The Plan was initially approved by the Board and the stockholders of the Company in 2002. Effective August 1, 2004, the Board approved an amendment and restatement

 

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of the Plan, which amendment and restatement was not subject to stockholder approval. On March 29, 2006, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 Shares, which amendment was subsequently approved by stockholders. Also on March 29, 2006, the Board approved the following amendments: (a) for Offer Periods commencing on or after August 1, 2006, decrease the maximum payroll withholding from 20% to 10% of Compensation, and (b) make certain other administrative changes, which amendments were not subject to stockholder approval. In March 2009, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan from 1,500,000 to 2,150,000 Shares, which amendment was subsequently approved by stockholders. In March 2015, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan from 2,150,000 to 2,500,000 Shares, which amendment was subsequently approved by stockholders. In March 2017, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan from 2,500,000 to 2,700,000 Shares, which amendment was subsequently approved by stockholders.

 

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Exhibit A

CEVA, Inc. 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

Effective with the Offer Period beginning on:

<February 1, 20_>    or     <August 1, 20_>

 

1. Personal Information. < modify data requested as appropriate >

Legal Name (Please Print)                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                         (Last)                     (First)                     (MI)       Location                Department

Street Address                                                                                                                                                                                   

                   Daytime Telephone

City, State/Country, Zip                                                                                                                                                                   

                    E-Mail Address

Social Security No.           -      -             Employee I.D. No.                                                                                                         

       Manager          Mgr Location

 

2. Eligibility . Any Employee whose customary employment is 20 hours or more per week and more than 5 months per calendar year, and who does not hold (directly or indirectly) five percent (5%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company, a parent or a subsidiary, whether in stock or options to acquire stock is eligible to participate in the CEVA, Inc. 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”); provided, however, that Employees who are subject to the rules or laws of a foreign jurisdiction that prohibit or make impractical the participation of such Employees in the ESPP are not eligible to participate.

 

3. Definitions . Each capitalized term in this Subscription Agreement shall have the meaning set forth in the ESPP.

 

4. Subscription . I hereby elect to participate in the ESPP and subscribe to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock in accordance with this Subscription Agreement and the ESPP. I have received a complete copy of the ESPP and a prospectus describing the ESPP and understand that my participation in the ESPP is in all respects subject to the terms of the ESPP. The effectiveness of this Subscription Agreement is dependent on my eligibility to participate in the ESPP.

 

5. Payroll Deduction Authorization .  I hereby authorize payroll deductions from my Compensation during the Offer Period in the percentage specified below (payroll reductions may not exceed 10% of Compensation nor $         per calendar year):

 

   

 

            Percentage to be Deducted (circle one) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%

 

 

6. ESPP Accounts and Purchase Price . I understand that all payroll deductions will be credited to my account under the ESPP. No additional payments may be made to my account. No interest will be credited on funds held in the account at any time including any refund of the account caused by withdrawal from the ESPP. All payroll deductions shall be accumulated for the purchase of Company Common Stock at the applicable Purchase Price determined in accordance with the ESPP.

 

7. Withdrawal and Changes in Payroll Deduction . I understand that I may discontinue my participation in the ESPP at any time prior to an Exercise Date as provided in Section 10 of the ESPP, but if I do not withdraw from the ESPP, any accumulated payroll deductions will be applied automatically to purchase Company Common Stock. I may increase or decrease the rate of my payroll deductions in whole percentage increments to not less than one percent (1%) on one occasion during any Purchase Period by completing and timely filing a Change of Status Notice. Any increase or decrease will be effective for the full payroll period occurring after five (5) business days from the Company’s receipt of the Change of Status Notice.

 

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8. Perpetual Subscription . I understand that this Subscription Agreement shall remain in effect for successive Offer Periods until I withdraw from participation in the ESPP, or termination of the ESPP.

 

9. Taxes . I have reviewed the ESPP prospectus discussion of the federal tax consequences of participation in the ESPP and consulted with tax consultants as I deemed advisable prior to my participation in the ESPP. I hereby agree to notify the Company in writing within thirty (30) days of any disposition (transfer or sale) of any shares purchased under the ESPP if such disposition occurs within two (2) years of the Enrollment Date (the first day of the Offer Period during which the shares were purchased) or within one (1) year of the Exercise Date (the date I purchased such shares), and I will make adequate provision to the Company for foreign, federal, state or other tax withholding obligations, if any, which arise upon the disposition of the shares. In addition, the Company may withhold from my Compensation any amount necessary to meet applicable tax withholding obligations incident to my participation in the ESPP, including any withholding necessary to make available to the Company any tax deductions or benefits contingent on such withholding.

 

10. Dispute Resolution . The provisions of this Section 10 and Section 31 of the ESPP shall be the exclusive means of resolving disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan. The Company and I, or our respective successors (the “parties”), shall attempt in good faith to resolve any disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan by negotiation between individuals who have authority to settle the controversy. Negotiations shall be commenced by either party by notice of a written statement of the party’s position and the name and title of the individual who will represent the party. Within thirty (30) days of the written notification, the parties shall meet at a mutually acceptable time and place, and thereafter as often as they reasonably deem necessary, to resolve the dispute. If the dispute has not been resolved by negotiation, the Company and I agree that any suit, action, or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Plan shall be brought in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (or should such court lack jurisdiction to hear such action, suit or proceeding, in a California state court in the County of San Francisco) and that we shall submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The Company and I irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection we may have to the laying of venue for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court. THE COMPANY AND I ALSO EXPRESSLY WAIVE ANY RIGHT WE HAVE OR MAY HAVE TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING. If any one or more provisions of this Section 10 or Section 28 of the ESPP shall for any reason be held invalid or unenforceable, it is the specific intent of the Company and I that such provisions shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it or its application valid and enforceable.

 

11. Designation of Beneficiary . In the event of my death, I hereby designate the following person or trust as my beneficiary to receive all payments and shares due to me under the ESPP: ☐ I am single ☐ I am married

 

Beneficiary (please print)

 

                                                                                                                   

  Relationship to Beneficiary(if any)
 

(Last)                                            (First)                                           (MI)

 

Street Address                                                                                                                                       

                                                           

City, State/Country, Zip                                                                                                                        

 

12. Termination of ESPP . I understand that the Company has the right, exercisable in its sole discretion, to amend or terminate the ESPP at any time, and a termination may be effective as early as an Exercise Date, including the establishment of an alternative date for an Exercise Date within each outstanding Offer Period.

 

            Date:                                                                           Employee Signature:                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
     

spouse’s signature (if beneficiary is other than spouse)

 

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Exhibit B

CEVA, Inc. 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

CHANGE OF STATUS NOTICE

 

 Participant Name (Please Print)

 

 Social Security Number

    

 

  Withdrawal From ESPP

I hereby withdraw from the CEVA, Inc. 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) and agree that my option under the applicable Offer Period will be automatically terminated and all accumulated payroll deductions credited to my account will be refunded to me or applied to the purchase of Common Stock depending on the alternative indicated below. No further payroll deductions will be made for the purchase of shares in the applicable Offer Period and I shall be eligible to participate in a future Offer Period only by timely delivery to the Company of a new Subscription Agreement.

   Withdrawal and Purchase of Common Stock

Payroll deductions will terminate, but your account balance will be applied to purchase Common Stock on the next Exercise Date. Any remaining balance will be refunded.

   Withdrawal Without Purchase of Common Stock

Entire account balance will be refunded to me and no Common Stock will be purchased on the next Exercise Date provided this notice is submitted to the Company ten (10) business days prior to the next Exercise Date.

 

 

   Change in Payroll Deduction

I hereby elect to change my rate of payroll deduction under the ESPP as follows (select one):

 

    

 

 

          Percentage to be Deducted (circle one) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%

 

 

An increase or a decrease in payroll deduction will be effective for the first full payroll period commencing no fewer than five (5) business days following the Company’s receipt of this notice, unless this change is processed more quickly.

 

 

 

B-1


 

 

   Change of Beneficiary

  

 

☐  I am married

  

 

☐  I am single

This change of beneficiary shall terminate my previous beneficiary designation under the ESPP. In the event of my death, I hereby designate the following person or trust as my beneficiary to receive all payments and shares due to me under the ESPP:

 

 Beneficiary (please print)                                                                                                        

  

Relationship to Beneficiary(if any)

(Last)                          (First)                        (MI)

  

 Street Address                                                                                                                         

                                                                                           

 City, State/Country, Zip                                                                                                         

  

    

    

 Date:                                                                    

 

                     Employee Signature:                                                                                                         

                                                                                                        
 

                                                         

 

spouse’s signature (if new beneficiary is other than  spouse)

 

B-2

Exhibit 10.19

CEVA, INC.

2011 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN

(as amended and restated effective May 2017)

1.     Purposes of the Plan . The purposes of this Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel, to provide additional incentives to Employees, Directors and Consultants and to promote the success of the Company’s business. This Plan is intended to replace the Prior Plan, which Prior Plan was automatically terminated and replaced and superseded by this Plan on the date on which this Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders. Any awards granted under the Prior Plan remain in effect pursuant to their terms.

2.     Definitions . The following definitions shall apply as used herein and in the individual Award Agreements except as defined otherwise in an individual Award Agreement. In the event a term is separately defined in an individual Award Agreement, such definition shall supersede the definition contained in this Section 2.

(a)    “ Administrator ” means the Board or any of the Committees appointed to administer the Plan.

(b)    “ Affiliate ” and “ Associate ” shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

(c)    “ Applicable Laws ” means the legal requirements relating to the Plan and the Awards, including under applicable provisions of federal securities laws, state corporate and securities laws, the Code, the rules of any applicable stock exchange or national market system, and the rules of any non-U.S. jurisdiction applicable to Awards granted to residents therein.

(d)    “ Assumed ” means that pursuant to a Corporate Transaction either (i) the Award is expressly affirmed by the Company or (ii) the contractual obligations represented by the Award are expressly assumed (and not simply by operation of law) by the successor entity or its Parent in connection with the Corporate Transaction with appropriate adjustments to the number and type of securities of the successor entity or its Parent subject to the Award and the exercise or purchase price thereof which at least preserves the compensation element of the Award existing at the time of the Corporate Transaction as determined in accordance with the instruments evidencing the agreement to assume the Award.

(e)    “ Award ” means the grant of an Option, SAR, Dividend Equivalent Right, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Unit or other right or benefit under the Plan.

(f)    “ Award Agreement ” means the written agreement evidencing the grant of an Award executed by the Company and the Grantee, including any amendments thereto.

(g)    “ Board ” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

(h)    “ Cause ” means willful misconduct by the Grantee or willful failure by the Grantee to perform his or her responsibilities to the Company (including, without limitation,

 

1


breach by the Grantee of any provision of any employment, consulting, advisory, nondisclosure, non-competition or other similar agreement between the Grantee and the Company), as determined by the Company, which determination shall be conclusive. The Grantee shall be considered to have been discharged for Cause if the Company determines, within 30 days after the Grantee’s resignation, that discharge for Cause was warranted.

(i)    “ Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(j)    “ Committee ” means any committee composed of members of the Board appointed by the Board to administer the Plan.

(k)    “ Common Stock ” means the common stock of the Company.

(l)    “ Company ” means CEVA, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or any successor entity that adopts the Plan in connection with a Corporate Transaction.

(m)    “ Consultant ” means any person (other than an Employee or a Director, solely with respect to rendering services in such person’s capacity as a Director) who is engaged by the Company or any Related Entity to render consulting or advisory services to the Company or such Related Entity.

(n)    “ Continuing Directors ” means members of the Board who either (i) have been Board members continuously for a period of at least twelve (12) months or (ii) have been Board members for less than twelve (12) months and were elected or nominated for election as Board members by at least a majority of the Board members described in clause (i) who were still in office at the time such election or nomination was approved by the Board.

(o)    “ Continuous Service ” means that the provision of services to the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of Employee, Director or Consultant is not interrupted or terminated. In jurisdictions requiring notice in advance of an effective termination as an Employee, Director or Consultant, Continuous Service shall be deemed terminated upon the actual cessation of providing services to the Company or a Related Entity notwithstanding any required notice period that must be fulfilled before a termination as an Employee, Director or Consultant can be effective under Applicable Laws. A Grantee’s Continuous Service shall be deemed to have terminated either upon an actual termination of Continuous Service or upon the entity for which the Grantee provides services ceasing to be a Related Entity. Continuous Service shall not be considered interrupted in the case of (i) any approved leave of absence, (ii) transfers among the Company, any Related Entity, or any successor, in any capacity of Employee, Director or Consultant, or (iii) any change in status as long as the individual remains in the service of the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of Employee, Director or Consultant (except as otherwise provided in the Award Agreement). Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise determined by the Administrator, in the event of any spin-off of a Related Entity, service as an Employee, Director or Consultant for such Related Entity following such spin-off shall be deemed to be Continuous Service for purposes of the Plan and any Award under the Plan. An approved leave of absence shall include sick leave, military leave, or any other authorized personal leave. For purposes of each Incentive Stock Option granted under the

 

2


Plan, if such leave exceeds three (3) months, and reemployment upon expiration of such leave is not guaranteed by statute or contract, then the Incentive Stock Option shall be treated as a Non-Qualified Stock Option on the day three (3) months and one (1) day following the expiration of such three (3) month period.

(p)    “ Corporate Transaction ” means any of the following transactions, provided, however, that the Administrator shall determine under parts (iv) and (v) whether multiple transactions are related, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive:

(i)    a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving entity, except for a transaction the principal purpose of which is to change the state in which the Company is incorporated;

(ii)    the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company;

(iii)    the complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company;

(iv)    any reverse merger or series of related transactions culminating in a reverse merger (including, but not limited to, a tender offer followed by a reverse merger) in which the Company is the surviving entity but (A) the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such merger are converted or exchanged by virtue of the merger into other property, whether in the form of securities, cash or otherwise, or (B) in which securities possessing more than forty percent (40%) of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities are transferred to a person or persons different from those who held such securities immediately prior to such merger or the initial transaction culminating in such merger; or

(v)    acquisition in a single or series of related transactions by any person or related group of persons (other than the Company or by a Company-sponsored employee benefit plan) of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) of securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities .

(q)    “ Covered Employee ” means an Employee who is a “covered employee” under Section 162(m)(3) of the Code.

(r)    “ Director ” means a member of the Board or the board of directors of any Related Entity.

(s)    “ Disability ” means as defined under the long-term disability policy of the Company or the Related Entity to which the Grantee provides services regardless of whether the Grantee is covered by such policy. If the Company or the Related Entity to which the Grantee provides service does not have a long-term disability plan in place, “Disability” means that a Grantee is unable to carry out the responsibilities and functions of the position held by the Grantee by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment for a period of not less than ninety (90) consecutive days. A Grantee will not be considered to have incurred a Disability unless he or she furnishes proof of such impairment sufficient to satisfy the Administrator in its discretion.

 

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(t)    “ Dividend Equivalent Right ” means a right entitling the Grantee to compensation measured by dividends paid with respect to Common Stock.

(u)    “ Employee ” means any person, including an Officer or Director, who is in the employ of the Company or any Related Entity, subject to the control and direction of the Company or any Related Entity as to both the work to be performed and the manner and method of performance. The payment of a director’s fee by the Company or a Related Entity shall not be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the Company.

(v)    “ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(w)    “ Fair Market Value ” means, as of any date, the value of Common Stock determined as follows:

(i)    If the Common Stock is listed on one or more established stock exchanges or national market systems, including without limitation The NASDAQ Global Select Market, The NASDAQ Global Market or The NASDAQ Capital Market of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for such stock (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on the principal exchange or system on which the Common Stock is listed (as determined by the Administrator) on the date of determination (or, if no closing sales price or closing bid was reported on that date, as applicable, on the last trading date such closing sales price or closing bid was reported), as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable;

(ii)    If the Common Stock is regularly quoted on an automated quotation system (including the OTC Bulletin Board) or by a recognized securities dealer, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for such stock as quoted on such system or by such securities dealer on the date of determination, but if selling prices are not reported, the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be the mean between the high bid and low asked prices for the Common Stock on the date of determination (or, if no such prices were reported on that date, on the last date such prices were reported), as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable; or

(iii)    In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock of the type described in (i) and (ii), above, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined by the Administrator in good faith and in a manner consistent with Applicable Laws.

(x)    “ Grantee ” means an Employee, Director or Consultant who receives an Award under the Plan.

(y)    “ Incentive Stock Option ” means an Option intended to qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

 

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(z)    “ Non-Qualified Stock Option ” means an Option not intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option.

(aa)    “ Officer ” means a person who is an officer of the Company or a Related Entity within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

(bb)    “ Option ” means an option to purchase Shares pursuant to an Award Agreement granted under the Plan.

(cc)    “ Parent ” means a “parent corporation”, whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.

(dd)    “ Performance-Based Compensation ” means compensation qualifying as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code.

(ee)    “ Plan ” means this 2011 Stock Incentive Plan.

(ff)    “ Prior Plan ” means the Parthusceva, Inc. (subsequently known as CEVA, Inc.) 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated on May 15, 2007).

(gg)    “ Related Entity ” means any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company.

(hh)    “ Replaced ” means that pursuant to a Corporate Transaction the Award is replaced with a comparable stock award or a cash incentive program of the Company, the successor entity (if applicable) or Parent of either of them which preserves the compensation element of such Award existing at the time of the Corporate Transaction and provides for subsequent payout in accordance with the same (or a more favorable) vesting schedule applicable to such Award. The determination of Award comparability shall be made by the Administrator and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive.

(ii)    “ Restricted Stock ” means Shares issued under the Plan to the Grantee for such consideration, if any, and subject to such restrictions on transfer, rights of first refusal, repurchase provisions, forfeiture provisions, and other terms and conditions as established by the Administrator.

(jj)    “ Restricted Stock Units ” means an Award which may be earned in whole or in part upon the passage of time or the attainment of performance criteria established by the Administrator and which may be settled for cash, Shares or other securities or a combination of cash, Shares or other securities as established by the Administrator.

(kk)    “ Rule  16b -3 ” means Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act or any successor thereto.

(ll)    “ SAR ” means a stock appreciation right entitling the Grantee to Shares or cash compensation, as established by the Administrator, measured by appreciation in the value of Common Stock.

(mm)    “ Share ” means a share of the Common Stock.

 

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(nn)    “ Subsidiary ” means a “subsidiary corporation”, whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

3.     Stock Subject to the Plan .

(a)    Subject to the provisions of Section 10, below, the maximum aggregate number of Shares which may be issued pursuant to all Awards is 2,350,000 Shares, plus any Shares that would otherwise return to the Prior Plan as a result of forfeiture, termination or expiration of awards previously granted under the Prior Plan (ignoring the termination or expiration of the Prior Plan for the purpose of determining the number of Shares available for the Plan); provided, however, that the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be issued pursuant to Incentive Stock Options is 1,467,256 Shares. The Shares to be issued pursuant to Awards may be authorized, but unissued, or reacquired Common Stock.

(b)    Any Shares covered by an Award (or portion of an Award) which is forfeited, canceled or expires (whether voluntarily or involuntarily) shall be deemed not to have been issued for purposes of determining the maximum aggregate number of Shares which may be issued under the Plan. Shares that actually have been issued under the Plan pursuant to an Award shall not be returned to the Plan and shall not become available for future issuance under the Plan, except that if unvested Shares are forfeited, or repurchased by the Company at the lower of their original purchase price or their Fair Market Value at the time of repurchase, such Shares shall become available for future grant under the Plan. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein: (i) Shares tendered or withheld in payment of an Option exercise price shall not be returned to the Plan and shall not become available for future issuance under the Plan; (ii) Shares withheld by the Company to satisfy any tax withholding obligation shall not be returned to the Plan and shall not become available for future issuance under the Plan; and (iii) all Shares covered by the portion of an SAR that is exercised (whether or not Shares are actually issued to the Grantee upon exercise of the SAR) shall be considered issued pursuant to the Plan.

4.     Administration of the Plan .

(a)     Plan Administrator .

(i)     Administration with Respect to Directors and Officers . With respect to grants of Awards to Directors or Employees who are also Officers or Directors of the Company, the Plan shall be administered by (A) the Board or (B) a Committee designated by the Board, which Committee shall be constituted in such a manner as to satisfy the Applicable Laws and to permit such grants and related transactions under the Plan to be exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act in accordance with Rule 16b-3. Once appointed, such Committee shall continue to serve in its designated capacity until otherwise directed by the Board.

(ii)     Administration With Respect to Consultants and Other Employees . With respect to grants of Awards to Employees or Consultants who are neither Directors nor Officers of the Company, the Plan shall be administered by (A) the Board or (B) a Committee designated by the Board, which Committee shall be constituted in such a manner as to satisfy the Applicable Laws. Once appointed, such Committee shall continue to serve in its designated capacity until otherwise directed by the Board. The Board may authorize one or more Officers to grant such Awards and may limit such authority as the Board determines from time to time.

 

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(iii)     Administration With Respect to Covered Employees . Notwithstanding the foregoing, grants of Awards to any Covered Employee intended to qualify as Performance-Based Compensation shall be made only by a Committee (or subcommittee of a Committee) which is comprised solely of two or more Directors eligible to serve on a committee making Awards qualifying as Performance-Based Compensation. In the case of such Awards granted to Covered Employees, references to the “Administrator” or to a “Committee” shall be deemed to be references to such Committee or subcommittee.

(iv)     Administration Errors . In the event an Award is granted in a manner inconsistent with the provisions of this subsection (a), such Award shall be presumptively valid as of its grant date to the extent permitted by the Applicable Laws.

(b)     Powers of the Administrator . Subject to Applicable Laws and the provisions of the Plan (including any other powers given to the Administrator hereunder), and except as otherwise provided by the Board, the Administrator shall have the authority, in its discretion:

(i)    to select the Employees, Directors and Consultants to whom Awards may be granted from time to time hereunder;

(ii)    to determine whether and to what extent Awards are granted hereunder;

(iii)    to determine the number of Shares or the amount of other consideration to be covered by each Award granted hereunder;

(iv)    to approve forms of Award Agreements for use under the Plan;

(v)    to determine the terms and conditions of any Award granted hereunder;

(vi)    to amend the terms of any outstanding Award granted under the Plan, provided that (A) any amendment that would adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under an outstanding Award shall not be made without the Grantee’s written consent, provided, however, that an amendment or modification that may cause an Incentive Stock Option to become a Non-Qualified Stock Option shall not be treated as adversely affecting the rights of the Grantee, (B) the reduction of the exercise price of any Option awarded under the Plan and the base appreciation amount of any SAR awarded under the Plan shall be subject to stockholder approval and (C) canceling an Option or SAR at a time when its exercise price or base appreciation amount (as applicable) exceeds the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares, in exchange for another Option, SAR, Restricted Stock, or other Award or for cash shall be subject to stockholder approval, unless the cancellation and exchange occurs in connection with a Corporate Transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, canceling an Option or SAR in exchange for another Option, SAR, Restricted Stock, or other Award with an exercise price, purchase price or base appreciation amount (as applicable) that is equal to or greater than the exercise price or base appreciation amount (as applicable) of the original Option or SAR shall not be subject to stockholder approval;

 

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(vii)    to construe and interpret the terms of the Plan and Awards, including without limitation, any notice of award or Award Agreement, granted pursuant to the Plan;

(viii)    to grant Awards to Employees, Directors and Consultants employed outside the United States on such terms and conditions different from those specified in the Plan as may, in the judgment of the Administrator, be necessary or desirable to further the purpose of the Plan, and to set forth such terms and conditions in Award Agreements, and to adopt related sub-plans under the Plan; and

(ix)    to take such other action, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Administrator deems appropriate.

The express grant in the Plan of any specific power to the Administrator shall not be construed as limiting any power or authority of the Administrator; provided that the Administrator may not exercise any right or power reserved to the Board. Any decision made, or action taken, by the Administrator or in connection with the administration of this Plan shall be final, conclusive and binding on all persons having an interest in the Plan.

(c)     Indemnification . In addition to such other rights of indemnification as they may have as members of the Board or as Officers or Employees of the Company or a Related Entity, members of the Board and any Officers or Employees of the Company or a Related Entity to whom authority to act for the Board, the Administrator or the Company is delegated shall be defended and indemnified by the Company to the extent permitted by law on an after-tax basis against all reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and necessarily incurred in connection with the defense of any claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding, or in connection with any appeal therein, to which they or any of them may be a party by reason of any action taken or failure to act under or in connection with the Plan, or any Award granted hereunder, and against all amounts paid by them in settlement thereof (provided such settlement is approved by the Company) or paid by them in satisfaction of a judgment in any such claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding, except in relation to matters as to which it shall be adjudged in such claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding that such person is liable for gross negligence, bad faith or intentional misconduct; provided, however, that within thirty (30) days after the institution of such claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding, such person shall offer to the Company, in writing, the opportunity at the Company’s expense to defend the same.

5.     Eligibility . Awards other than Incentive Stock Options may be granted to Employees, Directors and Consultants. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees of the Company or a Parent or a Subsidiary of the Company. An Employee, Director or Consultant who has been granted an Award may, if otherwise eligible, be granted additional Awards. Awards may be granted to such Employees, Directors or Consultants who are residing in non-U.S. jurisdictions as the Administrator may determine from time to time.

 

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6.     Terms and Conditions of Awards .

(a)     Types of Awards . The Administrator is authorized under the Plan to award any type of arrangement to an Employee, Director or Consultant that is not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan and that by its terms involves or might involve the issuance of (i) Shares, (ii) cash or (iii) an Option, a SAR, or similar right with a fixed or variable price related to the Fair Market Value of the Shares and with an exercise or conversion privilege related to the passage of time, the occurrence of one or more events, or the satisfaction of performance criteria or other conditions. Such awards include, without limitation, Options, SARs, sales or bonuses of Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units or Dividend Equivalent Rights, and an Award may consist of one such security or benefit, or two (2) or more of them in any combination or alternative.

(b)     Designation of Award . Each Award shall be designated in the Award Agreement. In the case of an Option, the Option shall be designated as either an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option. However, notwithstanding such designation, an Option will qualify as an Incentive Stock Option under the Code only to the extent the $100,000 dollar limitation of Section 422(d) of the Code is not exceeded. The $100,000 limitation of Section 422(d) of the Code is calculated based on the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Shares subject to Options designated as Incentive Stock Options which become exercisable for the first time by a Grantee during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company). For purposes of this calculation, Incentive Stock Options shall be taken into account in the order in which they were granted, and the Fair Market Value of the Shares shall be determined as of the grant date of the relevant Option. In the event that the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder are amended after the date the Plan becomes effective to provide for a different limit on the Fair Market Value of Shares permitted to be subject to Incentive Stock Options, then such different limit will be automatically incorporated herein and will apply to any Options granted after the effective date of such amendment.

(c)     Conditions of Award . Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Administrator shall determine the provisions, terms, and conditions of each Award including, but not limited to, the Award vesting schedule, repurchase provisions, rights of first refusal, forfeiture provisions, form of payment (cash, Shares, or other consideration) upon settlement of the Award, payment contingencies, and satisfaction of any performance criteria. The performance criteria established by the Administrator may be based on any one of, or combination of, the following: (i) increase in share price, (ii) earnings per share, (iii) total stockholder return, (iv) operating margin, (v) gross margin, (vi) return on equity, (vii) return on assets, (viii) return on investment, (ix) operating income, (x) net operating income, (xi) pre-tax profit, (xii) cash flow, (xiii) revenue, (xiv) expenses, (xv) earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation, (xvi) economic value added and (xvii) market share. The performance criteria may be applicable to the Company, Related Entities and/or any individual business units of the Company or any Related Entity. Partial achievement of the specified criteria may result in a payment or vesting corresponding to the degree of achievement as specified in the Award Agreement. In addition, the performance criteria shall be calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, but excluding the effect (whether positive or negative) of any change in accounting standards and any extraordinary, unusual or nonrecurring item, as determined by the Administrator, occurring after the establishment of the performance criteria applicable to the Award intended to be

 

9


Performance-Based Compensation. Each such adjustment, if any, shall be made solely for the purpose of providing a consistent basis from period to period for the calculation of performance criteria in order to prevent the dilution or enlargement of the Grantee’s rights with respect to an Award intended to be Performance-Based Compensation.

(d)     Acquisitions and Other Transactions . The Administrator may issue Awards under the Plan in settlement, assumption or substitution for, outstanding awards or obligations to grant future awards in connection with the Company or a Related Entity acquiring another entity, an interest in another entity or an additional interest in a Related Entity whether by merger, stock purchase, asset purchase or other form of transaction.

(e)     Deferral of Award Payment . The Administrator may establish one or more programs under the Plan to permit selected Grantees the opportunity to elect to defer receipt of consideration upon exercise of an Award, satisfaction of performance criteria, or other event that absent the election would entitle the Grantee to payment or receipt of Shares or other consideration under an Award. The Administrator may establish the election procedures, the timing of such elections, the mechanisms for payments of, and accrual of interest or other earnings, if any, on amounts, Shares or other consideration so deferred, and such other terms, conditions, rules and procedures that the Administrator deems advisable for the administration of any such deferral program.

(f)     Separate Programs . The Administrator may establish one or more separate programs under the Plan for the purpose of issuing particular forms of Awards to one or more classes of Grantees on such terms and conditions as determined by the Administrator from time to time.

(g)     Individual Limitations on Awards .

(i)     Individual Limit for Options and SARs . The maximum number of Shares with respect to which Options and SARs may be granted to any Grantee in any calendar year shall be 500,000 Shares. In connection with a Grantee’s commencement of Continuous Service, a Grantee may be granted Options and SARs for up to an additional 250,000 Shares which shall not count against the limit set forth in the previous sentence. The foregoing limitations shall be adjusted proportionately in connection with any change in the Company’s capitalization pursuant to Section 10, below.    To the extent required by Section 162(m) of the Code or the regulations thereunder, in applying the foregoing limitations with respect to a Grantee, if any Option or SAR is canceled, the canceled Option or SAR shall continue to count against the maximum number of Shares with respect to which Options and SARs may be granted to the Grantee. For this purpose, the repricing of an Option (or in the case of a SAR, the base amount on which the stock appreciation is calculated is reduced to reflect a reduction in the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock) shall be treated as the cancellation of the existing Option or SAR and the grant of a new Option or SAR.

(ii)     Individual Limit for Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units . For awards of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units that are intended to be Performance-Based Compensation, the maximum number of Shares with respect to which such Awards may be granted to any Grantee in any calendar year shall be 500,000. The foregoing limitation shall be adjusted proportionately in connection with any change in the Company’s capitalization pursuant to Section 10, below.

 

10


(h)     Deferral . If the vesting or receipt of Shares under an Award is deferred to a later date, any amount (whether denominated in Shares or cash) paid in addition to the original number of Shares subject to such Award will not be treated as an increase in the number of Shares subject to the Award if the additional amount is based either on a reasonable rate of interest or on one or more predetermined actual investments such that the amount payable by the Company at the later date will be based on the actual rate of return of a specific investment (including any decrease as well as any increase in the value of an investment).

(i)     Early Exercise . The Award Agreement may, but need not, include a provision whereby the Grantee may elect at any time while an Employee, Director or Consultant to exercise any part or all of the Award prior to full vesting of the Award. Any unvested Shares received pursuant to such exercise may be subject to a repurchase right in favor of the Company or a Related Entity or to any other restriction the Administrator determines to be appropriate.

(j)     Term of Award . The term of each Award shall be no more than ten (10) years from the date of grant thereof. However, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Grantee who, at the time the Option is granted, owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, the term of the Incentive Stock Option shall be five (5) years from the date of grant thereof or such shorter term as may be provided in the Award Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the specified term of any Award shall not include any period for which the Grantee has elected to defer the receipt of the Shares or cash issuable pursuant to the Award.

(k)     Transferability of Awards . Incentive Stock Options may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the Grantee, only by the Grantee. Other Awards shall be transferable (i) by will and by the laws of descent and distribution and (ii) during the lifetime of the Grantee, to the extent and in the manner authorized by the Administrator but only to the extent such transfers are made to family members, to family trusts, to family controlled entities, to charitable organizations, and pursuant to domestic relations orders or agreements, in all cases without payment for such transfers to the Grantee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Grantee may designate one or more beneficiaries of the Grantee’s Award in the event of the Grantee’s death on a beneficiary designation form provided by the Administrator.

(l)     Time of Granting Awards . The date of grant of an Award shall for all purposes be the date on which the Administrator makes the determination to grant such Award, or such other later date as is determined by the Administrator.

 

11


7.     Award Exercise or Purchase Price, Consideration and Taxes .

(a)     Exercise or Purchase Price . The exercise or purchase price, if any, for an Award shall be as follows:

(i)    In the case of an Incentive Stock Option:

(A)    granted to an Employee who, at the time of the grant of such Incentive Stock Option owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, the per Share exercise price shall be not less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant; or

(B)    granted to any Employee other than an Employee described in the preceding paragraph, the per Share exercise price shall be not less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

(ii)    In the case of a Non-Qualified Stock Option, the per Share exercise price shall be not less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

(iii)    In the case of Awards intended to qualify as Performance-Based Compensation, the exercise or purchase price, if any, shall be not less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

(iv)    In the case of SARs, the base appreciation amount shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

(v)    In the case of other Awards, such price as is determined by the Administrator.

(vi)    Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 7(a), in the case of an Award issued pursuant to Section 6(d), above, the exercise or purchase price for the Award shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the relevant instrument evidencing the agreement to issue such Award.

(b)     Consideration . Subject to Applicable Laws, the consideration to be paid for the Shares to be issued upon exercise or purchase of an Award including the method of payment, shall be determined by the Administrator. In addition to any other types of consideration the Administrator may determine, the Administrator is authorized to accept as consideration for Shares issued under the Plan the following , provided that the portion of the consideration equal to the par value of the Shares must be paid in cash or other legal consideration permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law:

(i)    cash;

(ii)    check;

 

12


(iii)    surrender of Shares or delivery of a properly executed form of attestation of ownership of Shares as the Administrator may require which have a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender or attestation equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Shares as to which said Award shall be exercised;

(iv)    with respect to Options, payment through a broker-dealer sale and remittance procedure pursuant to which the Grantee (A) shall provide written instructions to a Company designated brokerage firm to effect the immediate sale of some or all of the purchased Shares and remit to the Company sufficient funds to cover the aggregate exercise price payable for the purchased Shares and (B) shall provide written directives to the Company to deliver the certificates for the purchased Shares directly to such brokerage firm in order to complete the sale transaction;

(v)    with respect to Options, payment through a “net exercise” such that, without the payment of any funds, the Grantee may exercise the Option and receive the net number of Shares equal to (i) the number of Shares as to which the Option is being exercised, multiplied by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the Fair Market Value per Share (on such date as is determined by the Administrator) less the exercise price per Share, and the denominator of which is such Fair Market Value per Share (the number of net Shares to be received shall be rounded down to the nearest whole number of Shares); or

(vi)    any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.

The Administrator may at any time or from time to time, by adoption of or by amendment to the standard forms of Award Agreement described in Section 4(b)(iv), or by other means, grant Awards which do not permit all of the foregoing forms of consideration to be used in payment for the Shares or which otherwise restrict one or more forms of consideration.

(c)     Taxes . No Shares shall be delivered under the Plan to any Grantee or other person until such Grantee or other person has made arrangements acceptable to the Administrator for the satisfaction of any non-U.S., federal, state, or local income and employment tax withholding obligations, including, without limitation, obligations incident to the receipt of Shares. Upon exercise or vesting of an Award the Company shall withhold or collect from the Grantee an amount sufficient to satisfy such tax obligations, including, but not limited to, by surrender of the whole number of Shares covered by the Award sufficient to satisfy the minimum applicable tax withholding obligations incident to the exercise or vesting of an Award (reduced to the lowest whole number of Shares if such number of Shares withheld would result in withholding a fractional Share with any remaining tax withholding settled in cash).

8.     Exercise of Award .

(a)     Procedure for Exercise; Rights as a Stockholder .

(i)    Any Award granted hereunder shall be exercisable at such times and under such conditions as determined by the Administrator under the terms of the Plan and specified in the Award Agreement.

 

13


(ii)    An Award shall be deemed to be exercised when written notice of such exercise has been given to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Award by the person entitled to exercise the Award and full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Award is exercised has been made, including, to the extent selected, use of the broker-dealer sale and remittance procedure to pay the purchase price as provided in Section 7(b)(iv).

(b)     Exercise of Award Following Termination of Continuous Service .

(i)    An Award may not be exercised after the termination date of such Award set forth in the Award Agreement and may be exercised following the termination of a Grantee’s Continuous Service only to the extent provided in the Award Agreement.

(ii)    Where the Award Agreement permits a Grantee to exercise an Award following the termination of the Grantee’s Continuous Service for a specified period, the Award shall terminate to the extent not exercised on the last day of the specified period or the last day of the original term of the Award, whichever occurs first.

(iii)    Any Award designated as an Incentive Stock Option to the extent not exercised within the time permitted by law for the exercise of Incentive Stock Options following the termination of a Grantee’s Continuous Service shall convert automatically to a Non-Qualified Stock Option and thereafter shall be exercisable as such to the extent exercisable by its terms for the period specified in the Award Agreement.

9.     Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares .

(a)    If at any time the Administrator determines that the delivery of Shares pursuant to the exercise, vesting or any other provision of an Award is or may be unlawful under Applicable Laws, the vesting or right to exercise an Award or to otherwise receive Shares pursuant to the terms of an Award shall be suspended until the Administrator determines that such delivery is lawful and shall be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance. The Company shall have no obligation to effect any registration or qualification of the Shares under federal or state laws.

(b)    As a condition to the exercise of an Award, the Company may require the person exercising such Award to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required by any Applicable Laws.

10.     Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization . Subject to any required action by the stockholders of the Company and Section 11 hereof, the number of Shares covered by each outstanding Award, and the number of Shares which have been authorized for issuance under the Plan but as to which no Awards have yet been granted or which have been returned to the Plan, the exercise or purchase price of each such outstanding Award, the maximum number of Shares with respect to which Awards may be granted to any Grantee in any calendar year, as well as any other terms that the Administrator determines require adjustment shall be proportionately adjusted for (i) any increase or decrease in the number of issued Shares resulting from a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of the Shares, or similar

 

14


transaction affecting the Shares, (ii) any other increase or decrease in the number of issued Shares effected without receipt of consideration by the Company, or (iii) any other transaction with respect to Common Stock including a corporate merger, consolidation, acquisition of property or stock, separation (including a spin-off or other distribution of stock or property), reorganization, liquidation (whether partial or complete) or any similar transaction; provided, however that conversion of any convertible securities of the Company shall not be deemed to have been “effected without receipt of consideration.” In the event of any distribution of cash or other assets to stockholders other than a normal cash dividend, the Administrator shall also make such adjustments as provided in this Section 10 or substitute, exchange or grant Awards to effect such adjustments (collectively “adjustments”). Any such adjustments to outstanding Awards will be effected in a manner that precludes the enlargement of rights and benefits under such Awards. In connection with the foregoing adjustments, the Administrator may, in its discretion, prohibit the exercise of Awards or other issuance of Shares, cash or other consideration pursuant to Awards during certain periods of time. Except as the Administrator determines, no issuance by the Company of shares of any class, or securities convertible into shares of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason hereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of Shares subject to an Award.

11.     Corporate Transactions .

(a)     Termination of Award to Extent Not Assumed in Corporate Transaction . Effective upon the consummation of a Corporate Transaction, all outstanding Awards under the Plan shall terminate. However, all such Awards shall not terminate to the extent they are Assumed in connection with the Corporate Transaction.

(b)     Acceleration of Award Upon Corporate Transaction . Except as provided otherwise in an individual Award Agreement, in the event of a Corporate Transaction, for the portion of each Award that is neither Assumed nor Replaced, such portion of the Award shall automatically become fully vested and exercisable and be released from any repurchase or forfeiture rights (other than repurchase rights exercisable at Fair Market Value) for all of the Shares (or other consideration) at the time represented by such portion of the Award, immediately prior to the specified effective date of such Corporate Transaction, provided that the Grantee’s Continuous Service has not terminated prior to such date.

(c)     Effect of Acceleration on Incentive Stock Options . Any Incentive Stock Option the vesting of which is accelerated under this Section 10 in connection with a Corporate Transaction shall remain exercisable as an Incentive Stock Option under the Code only to the extent the $100,000 dollar limitation of Section 422(d) of the Code is not exceeded.

12.     Effective Date and Term of Plan . The Plan shall become effective upon the earlier to occur of its adoption by the Board or its approval by the stockholders of the Company. It shall continue in effect for a term of ten (10) years unless sooner terminated. Subject to Section 17, below, and Applicable Laws, Awards may be granted under the Plan upon its becoming effective.

 

15


13.     Amendment, Suspension or Termination of the Plan .

(a)    The Board may at any time amend, suspend or terminate the Plan; provided, however, that no such amendment shall be made without the approval of the Company’s stockholders to the extent such approval is required by Applicable Laws.

(b)    No Award may be granted during any suspension of the Plan or after termination of the Plan.

(c)    No suspension or termination of the Plan (including termination of the Plan under Section 10, above) shall adversely affect any rights under Awards already granted to a Grantee.

14.     Reservation of Shares .

(a)    The Company, during the term of the Plan, will at all times reserve and keep available such number of Shares as shall be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the Plan.

(b)    The inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction, which authority is deemed by the Company’s counsel to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder, shall relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority shall not have been obtained.

15.     No Effect on Terms of Employment/Consulting Relationship . The Plan shall not confer upon any Grantee any right with respect to the Grantee’s Continuous Service, nor shall it interfere in any way with his or her right or the right of the Company or any Related Entity to terminate the Grantee’s Continuous Service at any time, with or without cause, including, but not limited to, Cause, and with or without notice. The ability of the Company or any Related Entity to terminate the employment of a Grantee who is employed at will is in no way affected by its determination that the Grantee’s Continuous Service has been terminated for Cause for the purposes of this Plan.

16.     No Effect on Retirement and Other Benefit Plans . Except as specifically provided in a retirement or other benefit plan of the Company or a Related Entity, Awards shall not be deemed compensation for purposes of computing benefits or contributions under any retirement plan of the Company or a Related Entity, and shall not affect any benefits under any other benefit plan of any kind or any benefit plan subsequently instituted under which the availability or amount of benefits is related to level of compensation. The Plan is not a “Pension Plan” or “Welfare Plan” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

17.     Stockholder Approval . The grant of Incentive Stock Options under the Plan shall be subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company within twelve (12) months before or after the date the Plan is adopted excluding Incentive Stock Options issued in substitution for outstanding Incentive Stock Options pursuant to Section 424(a) of the Code. Such stockholder approval shall be obtained in the degree and manner required under Applicable Laws. The Administrator may grant Incentive Stock Options under the Plan prior to approval by the

 

16


stockholders, but until such approval is obtained, no such Incentive Stock Option shall be exercisable. In the event that stockholder approval is not obtained within the twelve (12) month period provided above, all Incentive Stock Options previously granted under the Plan shall be exercisable as Non-Qualified Stock Options.

18.     Unfunded Obligation . Grantees shall have the status of general unsecured creditors of the Company. Any amounts payable to Grantees pursuant to the Plan shall be unfunded and unsecured obligations for all purposes, including, without limitation, Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. Neither the Company nor any Related Entity shall be required to segregate any monies from its general funds, or to create any trusts, or establish any special accounts with respect to such obligations. The Company shall retain at all times beneficial ownership of any investments, including trust investments, which the Company may make to fulfill its payment obligations hereunder. Any investments or the creation or maintenance of any trust or any Grantee account shall not create or constitute a trust or fiduciary relationship between the Administrator, the Company or any Related Entity and a Grantee, or otherwise create any vested or beneficial interest in any Grantee or the Grantee’s creditors in any assets of the Company or a Related Entity. The Grantees shall have no claim against the Company or any Related Entity for any changes in the value of any assets that may be invested or reinvested by the Company with respect to the Plan.

19.     Construction . Captions and titles contained herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the meaning or interpretation of any provision of the Plan. Except when otherwise indicated by the context, the singular shall include the plural and the plural shall include the singular. Use of the term “or” is not intended to be exclusive, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

20.     Nonexclusivity of the Plan . Neither the adoption of the Plan by the Board, the submission of the Plan to the stockholders of the Company for approval, nor any provision of the Plan will be construed as creating any limitations on the power of the Board to adopt such additional compensation arrangements as it may deem desirable, including, without limitation, the granting of Awards otherwise than under the Plan, and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

 

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Exhibit 21.1

CEVA, INC.

Subsidiaries

The following are the subsidiaries of CEVA, Inc.

 

Name

   Jurisdiction of Incorporation

CEVA Limited

   Northern Ireland

CEVA Development, Inc.

   California

CEVA Inc.

   Cayman Islands

CEVA Ireland Limited

   Republic of Ireland

CEVA DSP Limited

   Israel

CEVA Services Limited

   Republic of Ireland

CEVA Systems LLC

   Delaware

Nihon CEVA K.K.

   Japan

CEVA Technologies Limited

   Republic of Ireland

CEVA Technologies, Inc.

   Delaware

CEVA Germany GmbH.

   Germany

CEVA France

   France

RivieraWaves SAS

   France

 

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Form S-8 Nos. 333-219868, 333-206274, 333-176207, 333-101553, 333-107443, 333-115506, 333-141355 and 333-160866) pertaining to the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, Parthus Technologies 2000 Share Incentive Plan, Chicory Systems, Inc. 1999 Employee Stock Option /Stock Issuance Plan, and Amended and Restated 2003 Director Stock Option Plan of CEVA, Inc. (formerly ParthusCeva, Inc.) of our reports dated March 1, 2018, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of CEVA, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of CEVA, Inc. included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

/ s / KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER

A Member of Ernst & Young Global

Tel-Aviv, Israel

March 1, 2018

 

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302(a) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Gideon Wertheizer, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of CEVA, Inc. (the “Company”);

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: March 1, 2018     By:   /s/ Gideon Wertheizer
      Gideon Wertheizer
      Chief Executive Officer

 

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302(a) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Yaniv Arieli, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of CEVA, Inc. (the “Company”);

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: March 1, 2018     By:   /s/ Yaniv Arieli
      Yaniv Arieli
      Chief Financial Officer

 

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CEVA, Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Gideon Wertheizer, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Yaniv Arieli, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, that, to the best of his knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated.

This certification will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. This certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

Date: March 1, 2018

 

/s/ Gideon Wertheizer

Gideon Wertheizer

Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Yaniv Arieli

Yaniv Arieli

Chief Financial Officer